高中英语外研版（新教材）必修第三册 Unit 1　Knowing me,knowing you（课件+随堂练习）（9份打包）

Unit 1Knowing me,knowing you
Section B　Using language
课后篇巩固提升
基础训练
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The first 24 hours after the operation are the most 　　　　(criticise).?
答案critical
2.Looking at the crowds out shopping, you could　　　　　　 (forgive) for thinking that everyone has plenty of money.?
答案be forgiven
3.This project involves a lot of 　　　　　　(complexity) technical problems.?
答案complex
4.Her questions about my private life 　　　　(embarrass) me.?
答案embarrassed
5.The damage couldn’t have been caused　　　　　　(accident).?
答案accidentally
6.It took him a while to adjust　　　　　　 working night shifts.?
答案to
7.The economic impact problem has become the　　　　　　　　　 (核心的)issue with economic policy theory.?
答案core
8.It is my 　　　　　　(责任)to report it to the police.?
答案duty
Ⅱ.短语填空
by accident; be satisfied with; look down on; keep silent; adjust to; worry about; get along with; make requests
1.I fear that others will　　　　　　　　you for the decisions I have made.?
答案look down on
2.If you still　　　　　　　　,I will take it for granted that you agree.?
答案keep silent
3.I have the right to 　　　　　reasonable　　　　　from others.?
答案make;requests
4.I told myself I would　　　　　　　　whatever I could get.?
答案be satisfied with
5.How did you　　　　　　　　college life? ?
答案adjust to
6.You don’t have to 　　　　　　　　me.I’m a good swimmer.?
答案worry about
7.The other day I met her　　　　　　　　.?
答案by accident
8.The old man was extremely difficult to　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
答案get along with
Ⅲ.改写下列句子(用过去分词作状语)
1.When the baby was taken away from his mother, he began to cry.
?
答案When taken away from his mother,the baby began to cry.
2.Because/As many students were trapped in the rain, they were late for school.
?
答案Trapped in the rain, many students were late for school.
3.If we are given more time, we will do it better.
?
答案Given more time, we will do it better.
4.Though some students have been taught many times,they still don’t know how to do it.
?
答案Though taught several times, some students still don’t know how to do it.
5.The girl fell off her bike when crossing the road and she was wounded in the head.
?
答案The girl fell off her bike when crossing the road, wounded in the head.
6.The teacher left the classroom and he was followed by his students.
?
答案Followed by his students, the teacher left the classroom.
Ⅳ.写作
位于小山脚下的第一中学是珠海最好的中学。它建立于1959年,有着悠久的历史。它占地面积382平方千米。校园景色优美。在这么好的学校里学习,同学们感觉既荣幸又快乐。
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参考范文
Located at the foot of a hill, No.1 High School is one of the best high schools in Zhuhai.Founded in 1959, it has a long history and covers an area of 382 square kilometres.The campus is really beautiful with the buildings surrounded by trees and flowers.The students here all feel honored and delighted to study in such a wonderful school.
能力提升
Ⅴ.完形填空
I believe even the smartest people have to work hard to achieve success, because there is no such person as a born winner.People make themselves into winners by their own　1　.?
I learned this lesson from a(n)　2　many years ago.I took the head　3　job at a school in Baxley, Georgia.It was a small school with a weak football program.?
It was a tradition for the school’s old team to play against the new team at the end of spring practice.The old team had no coach, and they didn’t even practice to　4　the game.Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated.I couldn’t　5　I had got into such a situation.Thinking hard about it, I came to　6　that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were depending on me.I had to change my attitude towards their ability and potential.?
I started doing anything I could to help them build a little　7　.Most importantly, I began to treat them like　8　.That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their vacations,we met every day and　9　passing and kicking the football.?
Six months after suffering our　10　on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to improve.Finally, we faced the number one team in the state.I felt that it would be a　11　for us even if we lost the game.But that wasn’t what happened.My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me the greatest　12　of my life!?
From the experience I learnt a lot about how the attitude of the leader can　13　the members of a team.Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and　14　them.I helped them see themselves　15　,and they built themselves into winners.Winners are made, not born.?
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了很多年前在一个学校足球队当教练的故事,让我们感受到胜利者不是天生的,是被塑造出来的。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.A.tests B.luck
C.efforts D.nature
答案C
解析考查名词辨析。句意:人们通过自己的努力使得自己成为胜利者。此处空格与上句中的“there is no such person as a born winner”意义呼应,没有人天生是胜利者,也就是说需要后天努力才能成功。
2.A.experiment B.experience
C.visit D.show
答案B
解析考查名词辨析。句意:我从很多年前的一次经历中学习到了这个道理。experiment实验;experience经历;visit参观;show演出。此处空格与最后一段中段首的“From the experience”前后呼应。
3.A.operating B.editing
C.consulting D.coaching
答案D
解析考查形容词。句意:我在一个学校做教练工作。此空格与下一段中的“Being the coach of the new team”呼应,可知作者是做教练工作。
4.A.cheer for B.prepare for
C.help with D.finish with
答案B
解析考查动词短语。句意:老队没有教练,他们甚至不练习去准备比赛。cheer for为……欢呼;prepare for为……准备;help with帮忙某人做……;finish with完成,结束。此空格与下文中的practice呼应。
5.A.agree B.believe
C.describe D.regret
答案B
解析考查动词辨析。句意:我无法相信我们被打败了。agree同意;believe相信;describe描述;regret遗憾。
6.A.realize B.claim
C.permit D.demand
答案A
解析考查动词辨析。句意:我意识到我的队伍可能不是乔治亚州数第一的队伍,但是他们依赖我。realize意识到;claim宣称;permit允许;demand要求。与句首的“Thinking hard”呼应,“想”和“意识到”是过程与结果的关系。
7.A.pride B.culture
C.fortune D.relationship
答案A
解析考查名词辨析。句意:我开始做我力所能及的事情帮他们建立一点自信。pride自豪,自尊心;culture文化;fortune运气;relationship关系。
8.A.leaders B.partners
C.winners D.learners
答案C
解析考查名词辨析。句意:最重要的我开始像对胜利者一样对待他们。leader领导;partner合作伙伴;winner胜利者;learner学习者。此空格与最后一段中的“Instead of seeing my boys as losers”前后呼应,没有将他们当失败者,相反就是将他们看作是胜利者。
9.A.risked B.missed
C.considered D.practiced
答案D
解析考查动词辨析。risk冒险;miss失去,想念;consider考虑;practice练习。此空格与下文中的“on the spring practice field”呼应。在春季练习场地内肯定是练习传球踢球。
10.A.defeat B.depress
C.accident D.mistake
答案A
解析考查名词辨析。句意:在春季赛场后遭受失败后六个月后,我们赢了一次又一次,并继续改善提高。defeat击败,挫败;depress压抑;accident事故;mistake错误。此空格与上文中的“we were defeated”相呼应。
11.A.shame B.burden
C.victory D.favor
答案C
解析考查名词辨析。句意:即使我们失败了对我们来说也是一场胜利。shame羞耻;burden负担,责任;victory胜利;favor赞同;帮助。
12.A.chance B.joy
C.concern D.offer
答案B
解析考查名词辨析。句意:我的队员在乔治亚州打赢了比赛,给了我生活中最大的欢喜。chance机会;joy欢喜;concern担心;offer提议,出价。
13.A.surprise B.relate
C.interest D.affect
答案D
解析考查动词辨析。句意:从这个经历,我学习到了领导的态度如何影响队员。surprise使惊奇;relate使……有联系;interest使……感兴趣;affect影响,感染。
14.A.encouraged B.observed
C.protected D.impressed
答案A
解析考查动词辨析。句意:没有把队员看成失败者,我催促并鼓励他们。encourage鼓励;observe观察;protect保护;impress给人印象。
15.A.naturally B.individually
C.calmly D.differently
答案D
解析考查副词辨析。句意:我帮他们以不同的角度看自己,他们把自己变成了胜利者。naturally自然地;individually个别地,单独地;calmly冷静地;differently不同地。
Ⅵ.语法填空
When I left for the United States to study,I had butterflies in my stomach.I was nervous because I was going to 1.　　　　　 new place with new people and new customs.I couldn’t even understand 2.　　　　　 (they) language.Everything was different 3. my own country.There was nobody that I could talk to.I just had my husband,4.　　　　　 was a new person for me,too.?
It was a sad moment when I had to say goodbye to my family and friends.I didn’t want 5.　　　　　 (leave) my hometown because I grew up there and had wonderful 6. (memory) of the place.So,7.(think) about all these changes made me nervous and I was 8.　　　　　 (worry) about my new life.But studying abroad was a 9.　　　　　(decide) that I made myself.I had to continue and accept the challenge.I looked forward to 10. (visit) my family in the summer vacation.?
答案与解析
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了初到美国学习的感受和经历。
1.a　考查不定冠词。句意:我很紧张,因为我要去一个新地方,那有新的人和新的习俗。此处指去一个新地方,表示数量“一”,此处表示泛指,且new的首字母发音为辅音音素,所以应填冠词a。
2.their　考查形容词性物主代词。句意:我甚至听不懂他们的语言。此处修饰名词language指“他们的语言”。
3.from　考查固定词组。句意:一切都不同于我自己的国家。be different from...“和……不同”,此处指遇到的一切和自己的国家都不同。
4.who　考查非限制性定语从句。句中包含定语从句,先行词是husband指人,在定语从句中作主语。
5.to leave　考查不定式。句意:我不想离开我的家乡。want to do sth.“想要做某事”。
6.memories　考查名词复数。句意:对那个地方有着美好的回忆。memory是可数名词,此处指“极好的记忆”用复数。
7.thinking　考查动名词做主语。句意:想到这些变化使我很紧张……此处是动名词作主语。
8.worried　考查形容词。句意……我担心我的新生活。用于系动词was后用形容词作表语, be worried about“担心”。
9.decision　考查名词。句意:但是留学是我自己做的决定。冠词修饰名词,故此处使用decide的名词形式decision。
10.visiting　考查动词短语。句意:我盼望暑假去探望我的家人。look forward to“期望”中的to是介词,后面加动词-ing形式。

第一单元测评
(时间:120分钟　满分:150分)
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
M:This picnic may need to be moved inside.
W:Yeah, the weather is not cooperating this time around as it did last year.
1.What does the woman mean?
A.The weather was bad this time last year.
B.The picnic is being spoiled by the weather.
C.People are not cooperating as well as last year.
答案B
M:I can’t seem to make much of an impression while doing presentations.Any suggestions?
W:Try speaking just half the normal speed.
2.What does the woman advise the man to do?
A.Just give half the information needed.
B.Speak slower than he usually does.
C.Speak more loudly than he usually does.
答案B
M:How did Jenson do this year? Did he get a scholarship this year?
W:It was just his math courses that let him down and didn’t measure up.
3.What does the woman mean?
A.He would have got a scholarship if his math grades had been better.
B.It was just his math figures that didn’t add up.
C.His grades were all too poor to get a scholarship.
答案A
M:Whoops...was that your foot I just stepped on?
W:That hurts.Is “whoops” all you have to say about it?
4.What does the woman imply?
A.The man should apologize.
B.The man should pay for the accident.
C.The man should accompany her to the hospital.
答案A
M:Is there a washroom near the classroom?
W:There is, but lucky for you, it has a big“out of order” sign on it.
5.What does the woman mean?
A.The sign is not on it.
B.The washroom is far.
C.He may not be able to use it.
答案C
第二节(共15 小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。
M:Good morning, Washington Grade School, this is Chris.How may I help you?
W:Good morning, this is Alice Smith.I’m calling for my daughter, Judy.She’s not feeling well today.
M:I’m sorry to hear that.I hope it’s not too bad.
W:No, no,she has a little fever and a cough.Nothing too serious.
M:Well, I hope she feels better soon.
W:Thank you.Do you think I could get her homework for today?
M:Is there any specific class?
W:I’m especially concerned about math and science.
M:OK, is it alright for me to give your e-mail address to the teachers? They can then send the homework along later today.
W:That would be great.
6.Why is Alice calling?
A.She is asking for some information about the school.
B.Judy is not going to school today.
C.Judy is seriously ill.
答案B
7.What classes are mentioned?
A.Math and history.
B.Science and chemistry.
C.Math and science.
答案C
8.What do we learn about the homework?
A.It’s too difficult for Judy.
B.It will be emailed to Alice.
C.It will be kept by her teacher.
答案B
听第 7 段材料,回答第 9 至 11 题。
M:OK.I have the contract ready for you to sign,Ms Gold.
W:Fine.Before I sign it,can you review the agreement with me?
M:Sure.The contract states that you will provide Shale Corporation with the rights to drill for oil on your land for the next five months.In exchange,you will receive $1,000 per day.If we find enough oil to continue drilling for longer,we can extend the contract for two more months from the date of our discovery.
W:You also said that if you find the extra oil,I will receive $1,200 per day if I agree to extend the contract.Right?
M:I don’t remember the exact number that we discussed.Wasn’t it $1,100 per day?
W:I want $1,200 per day for the additional drilling,or I won’t sign it at all!
9.What is in the woman’s land?
A.Oil.　　　　B.Gold.　　　　C.Gas.
答案A
10.How much will the woman receive for the first five months?
A.$1,000 per day.
B.$1,100 per day.
C.$1,200 per day.
答案A
11.What are the speakers doing?
A.Buying something.
B.Talking about the land.
C.Signing a contract.
答案C
听第 8 段材料,回答第 12 至 14 题。
W:Your painting is fantastic,Roger!
M:I’m happy you like it.It’s for a competition.Here’s the form.
W:Right.OK, here are the questions....Your hands are dirty.
M:That’s because I’m painting! What are the questions? Here’s a pen.
W:What’s your name?
M:Oh, that’s difficult ...Roger!
W:Ha, ha.What’s your surname?
M:I’m not sure ...
W:Very funny! OK, surname—Tailor.
M:Yes, that’s it!
W:Next question, please.Are you married or single?
M:Single.I’m sure about that!
W:What’s your address?
M:72 London Road.
W:And what are your hobbies?
M:Hmmm....painting, going windsurfing and watching TV.
W:...OK, last question.What’s your telephone number?
M:0343 897 6514
W:0343 897 6514—Got it.Where’s an envelope?
M:Over there...
12.What is Roger doing now?
A.Painting. B.Writing. C.Watching TV.
答案A
13.What is the phone number of Roger?
A.0344 897 6518.
B.0443 897 6514.
C.0343 897 6514.
答案C
14.What are they talking about?
A.Exhibiting some paintings.
B.Selling a house.
C.Filling out a form.
答案C
听第 9 段材料,回答第 15 至 17 题。
M:How long have you been having this pain?
W:It started in June.So for more than five months now.My stomach hurts after some meals, but not always.
M:You should have come earlier.Let’s get to the bottom of this.Have you changed your eating habits during this period?
W:No, not really.Well, that’s not true.I’m eating the same foods, but less.You know, the pain seems to come and go.
M:How strong is the pain exactly? On a scale of one to ten, how would you describe the intensity of the pain?
W:Well, I’d say the pain is about a two on a scale of one to ten.Like I say, it’s not really bad.It just keeps coming back...
M:How long does the pain last when you get it?
W:It comes and goes.Sometimes, I hardly feel anything.Other times, it can last up to half an hour or more.
M:Is there a type of food that seems to cause stronger pain than other ?
W:Hmmm ...heavy foods like steak usually bring it on.I’ve been trying to avoid those.
M:Does the pain travel to any other parts of your body—chest, shoulder or back? Or does it remain around the stomach area?
W:No, it just hurts here.
M:What about if I touch here? Does it hurt there?
W:Ouch! Yes, it hurts there.What do you think it is doctor?
M:I’m not sure.I think we should take some X-rays to find out if you’ve broken anything.
W:Will that be expensive?
M:I don’t think so.Your insurance should cover routine X-rays.
15.What’s wrong with the woman?
A.She has a headache.
B.She has a stomachache.
C.She has a toothache.
答案B
16.How long has the woman been suffering from the pain?
A.Four days.
B.Less than eight weeks.
C.More than five months.
答案C
17.Which of the following is true about her pain?
A.It hurts seriously.
B.It occurs once in a while.
C.It never stops.
答案B
听第 10 段材料,回答第 18 至 20 题。
W:Well, every day for me is different.I mean to say that some days I speak to clients for hours and hours, and try to convince them that our ideas are the best.A lot of my
time is spent on research.Well, we have to deal with all the viewing and readership figures.We make up our own surveys to discover what a cross section of people think.We don’t just look at what people think, but because what really counts is:What sells the goods?
The simple fact is that if we don’t show a rise in sales we lose a customer.
The part I really enjoy is the creativity.It’s funny really.I get ideas in the most peculiar places.The best idea I ever got was one time when I was sitting in the bath.I jumped out and wrote it down immediately.We also do what we call brainstorming.
That is:pooling and sharing our ideas.And we get the best ideas this way.That is as a result of teamwork.I mean, alright, we depend on everybody being creative, and this often happens best when you’re working alone.But without a good team, no campaign has a hope of succeeding.A good agency is, in fact, a team of individuals who work well alone, but also together.
Hmmm, the drawbacks.Now, the biggest drawback of my work is that you stand or fall by your results.If you can’t think of new ideas, or you make an expensive mistake then you get fired.And you’re out of a job.That’s always worrying, I can tell you.
18.What profession does the woman work in?
A.Marketing. B.Advertising. C.Teaching.
答案A
19.What does the woman really enjoy?
A.Creativity. B.Variety. C.Teamwork.
答案A
20.What is the woman worrying about?
A.No chance of promotion.
B.Long working hours.
C.Being fired.
答案C
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文;从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
People who often eat nuts appear to live longer, according to the latest study of its kind.The findings, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, suggested the greatest benefit was in those eating them on their daily diet.
Eating nuts was linked to a healthier lifestyle including being less likely to smoke or be overweight and more likely to exercise.The British Heart Foundation said more research was needed to prove the link. “While this is an interesting link, we need further research to make sure if it’s the nuts that protect heart health, or other sides of people’s lifestyle.”
The study followed nearly 120,000 people for 30 years.The more regularly people ate nuts, the less likely they were to die during the study.People eating nuts once a week were 11% less likely to have died during the study than those who never ate nuts.Lead researcher Dr.Charles Fuchs, from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, said, “The most obvious benefit was a decrease of 29% in deaths from heart disease, but we also saw a significant reduction—11%—in the danger of dying from cancer.”
They suggest nuts are lowering cholesterol(胆固醇),and insulin resistance(胰岛素抗性).Nuts contain unsaturated fat(不饱和脂肪),protein(蛋白质) and several kinds of vitamins and minerals and they can take the place of snacks like chocolate bars, cakes and biscuits.
Victoria Taylor, senior expert at the British Heart Foundation, said, “This study shows a close connection between regularly eating a small handful of nuts and a lower risk of death from heart disease.” Choosing plain, unsalted foods rather than sweet, salted, or chocolate-covered will keep your salt and sugar intake down.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。最新的研究结果发现,日常饮食中常吃坚果的人可以减少患心脏病及癌症的概率。
21.According to the passage, what kind of people benefit most from eating nuts?
A.Those who eat most nuts at a time.
B.Those who eat most nuts.
C.Those who eat nuts on their daily diet.
D.Those who eat less nuts.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“The findings, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, suggested the greatest benefit was in those eating them on their daily diet.”可知,在日常饮食中吃坚果的人最受益。
22.Which kind of disease had a most decrease for regular nuts eater?
A.Cancer.　　　　　　　　B.Heart disease.
C.Stomach disease. D.Unknown.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The most obvious benefit was a decrease of 29% in deaths from heart disease, but we also saw a significant reduction—11%— in the danger of dying from cancer.”可知,吃坚果最明显的好处是心脏病死亡率降低29%。
23.Which section should the passage be taken from the newspaper?
A.Science section. B.Health section.
C.Entertainment section. D.Tech section.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,文章主要讲述经常吃坚果与健康的关系,故可以推断出此文应当发表在报纸的健康专栏。

B
Anti-Sleep Alarm
Price:US $5
EXTRA 5% OFF WHEN YOU BUY 2 OR MORE
Anti-Sleep Alarm is a new life-saving anti-tiredness alarm.You just wear it behind the right ear.It works on the theory of electronic balance.
Working Theory
It is worn over the ear and has an electronic position sensor.When your head nods forward, it sounds a loud alarm to immediately wake you and warn your passengers.
Features
The Anti-Sleep Alarm features a driver safety alarm to help prevent accidents caused by falling asleep at the wheel.It is especially suitable for long-distance driving and night driving.The Anti-Sleep Alarm is also perfect for anyone who needs to stay awake on duty—guards, machine operators, and even students.It’s easy to use and can be comfortably worn for a long time.
● Alarm mode:sound di, di..
● Dimensions:80×22×15mm
● Battery:button cell battery (included)
● Life time:30,000 nods
Payment
We accept PayPal only, with all major credit cards accepted through PayPal.Payment must be received within 7 business days after ordering.
Shipping
We ship to your eBay or PayPal address.Please make sure your eBay and PayPal address is correct before you pay.Goods will be shipped within 1-3 business days when we receive payment.Delivery(递送)time depends on destination.International buyers please note:Import duties(进口税)and taxes are not included in the price or shipping costs.Please check with your country’s customs office to determine what these extra costs will be before buying.
【语篇解读】本文这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种反睡眠报警装置,它的功能相当于司机安全警报器,以防司机开车时意外睡着,特别适用于长途和夜间开车,也适用于值夜班的工作人员甚至学生。文章还介绍了订购方式。
24.How much should be paid for 2 Anti-Sleep Alarms?
A.US $10. B.US $9.5.
C.US $10.5. D.US $9.
答案B
解析数字计算题。由文章开头的“Price: US $5　EXTRA 5% OFF WHEN YOU BUY 2 OR MORE”可知,每个售价是5美元,如果买两个有5%的折扣。
25.Anti-Sleep Alarms work on the theory of 　　　.?
A.electronic balance
B.human body movement
C.anti-tiredness alarm
D.electronic position sensors
答案A
解析细节理解题。由文章中的“It works on the theory of electronic balance.”可知,反睡眠报警装置建立在电子平衡的原理上。
26.What is a feature of the Anti-Sleep Alarm?
A.It is comfortable to wear.
B.It is big and easy to use.
C.It can work for 30,000 minutes.
D.It can be powered by any kind of battery.
答案A
解析细节理解题。由Features部分的“It’s easy to use and can be comfortably worn for a long time.”可知,反睡眠报警装置佩戴起来舒适。
27.What can we learn about shipping?
A.The company will pay the extra costs.
B.Import duties and taxes are included in the price.
C.You will receive the goods within 1-3 business days.
D.The goods will be shipped to your eBay or PayPal address.
答案D
解析细节理解题。由Shipping部分的“We ship to your eBay or PayPal address.”可知,货物将寄往你的eBay或者PayPal的地址。
C
As she walked around the huge department store, Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wished that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.
Besides, shopping at this time of the year was a most disagreeable experience:people trod (踩) on your toes, poked (捅) you with their elbows and almost knocked you over in their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.
Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attractive ties were on display.“They are real silk,” the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her.“Worth double the price.” But Edith knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered round a counter.She found some good quality pipes on sale—and the prices were very reasonable.Edith did not hesitate for long:although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please him.
When she got home, with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table.Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking.” She informed her daughter.
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了名叫Edith的女孩去给父亲买礼物。经过深思熟虑后决定给父亲买一个价格合理的烟管,但回家却得知父亲决定戒烟。
28.Why was shopping very disagreeable at that time of the year?
A.Because customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry.
B.Because customers often poked each other with their elbows.
C.Because customers often knocked each other.
D.Because some customers trod on others’ toe.
答案A
解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“people trod on your toes, poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you over in their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.” (人潮汹涌,人们摩肩接踵,为了能够买到打折商品奋不顾身往前冲,甚至可能把人撞翻)可知,那个时间段购物令人不愉快是因为顾客们都急匆匆地购物。
29.What do we know about Edith’s father?
A.He did not like presents.
B.He never got presents.
C.He preferred ties.
D.It was difficult to choose a present for him.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“She wished that he was as easy to please as her mother,”(她真的希望爸爸能够像妈妈一样可以很容易被逗开心)和第三段最后一句“But Edith knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.”(她过去送爸爸领带他从来不满意)可知,要给她的父亲选礼物很困难。
30.How did Edith come to the next counter?
A.Purposely. B.Happily.
C.Accidentally. D.Unwillingly.
答案C
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句 “She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered round a counter.”(她极不情愿地继续往前走,然后很偶然地停在了被一大群男人围着的柜台前)中的“by chance”(偶然地)可知,她是偶然到这个地方。
31.How do you think Edith would feel when she heard her mother’s words?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.Glad. B.Disappointed.
C.Annoyed. D.Joyful.
答案B
解析推理判断题。文章最后一段“说她把精心挑选的礼物装在手提袋里,当她到家时,父母已经在饭桌边,她的妈妈心情特别好,对她说“你爸爸终于决定戒烟了!”,故可推知女孩精心挑选了礼物,但却被告知父亲准备戒烟,所以她可能会感到失落。

D
Depression(抑郁) can be a destructive illness, plaguing millions of people worldwide with feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and fatigue.Despite numerous antidepressant drugs, as many as a third of patients don’t respond to medication.This has forced doctors to be more creative in finding different treatments for the condition.
In the past two decades, researchers have tied depression to a seemingly unrelated condition:inflammation(炎症), the body’s natural response to stress.It could rise from injury or inflection, or even emotional issues like an unhappy marriage or problems at work.Some amount of inflammation is generally beneficial, as it increases production of cytokines(致癌因子),proteins that help us heal and protect us from the effects of overwork.
But excessive cytokine levels, and the inflammation they bring on, could come at a cost—a number of studies suggest that high levels of cytokines could contribute to depression.
Cytokines can reach the brain several ways:directly through the blood-brain barrier or indirectly by binding to nerve fibers elsewhere, which send signals to the brain to produce the inflammation molecules.In the brain, cytokines can disturb the production and release of several important signaling chemicals, including serotonin, dopamine and glutamate, which help control emotion, appetite, sleep, learning and memory.It’s thought that a lack of serotonin activity in the brain causes depression; most antidepressants increase the activity.But cytokines also have been shown to activate stress hormone signaling in the brain, which may also serve to develop depression.
With all the evidence implicating inflammation in depression, doctors have been anxious to test anti-inflammatory drugs as a potential treatment.Four small studies published between 2006 and 2017 by research groups in Europe and Iran found that adults diagnosed with depression who took aspirin or another anti-inflammatory drug called Celecoxib, along with an antidepressant, got more relief from feelings of sadness, hopelessness, guilt and fatigue compared with those taking an antidepressant alone.However, Andrew Miller, a professor of psychiatry at Emory University, thought something was wrong in these small, limited studies.None of them looked at whether the participants had high levels of cytokines before they’d see a benefit from anti-inflammatory drugs.“Unfortunately, much of the field has fallen into the trap of viewing inflammation as the be-all, end-all,” Miller says.He and his colleagues wanted to see whether the effect of these drugs was limited to the depression patients with high cytokine levels, or if it helped all people diagnosed with depression.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了抑郁症的形成过程以及科学家们对治疗抑郁症的药物的研究。
32.Which of the following illustrates how depression is developed?
A.stress → overwork → inflammation → depression
B.inflammation → infection→ stress → depression
C.cytokine → stress→ infection → depression
D.infection → inflammation → cytokine → depression
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据第二、三段的介绍可知,感染导致炎症,而炎症产生致癌因子,而过量的致癌因子导致抑郁症,故D项正确。
33.The underlined word “excessive” in Para.3 is closest in meaning to “　　　”.?
A.intermediate B.overmuch
C.mild D.appropriate
答案B
解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“cytokine levels, and the inflammation they bring on, could come at a cost—a number of studies suggest that high levels of cytokines could contribute to depression.”可知,致癌因子水平过高,以及由此引发的炎症,可能以一定的代价出现,研究表明致癌因子水平过高可能会导致抑郁症,由此可知画线词词义为“过量的,过多的”,故B项正确。
34.We can infer from the passage that 　　　.?
A.depression will be a curable disease for a long time
B.only aspirin can effectively help relieve people of many emotional problems
C.people who are hard-working are more likely to get depression
D.we have a long way to go before depression can be satisfyingly treated
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段内容,特别是“He and his colleagues wanted to see whether the effect of these drugs was limited to the depression patients with high cytokine levels, or if it helped all people diagnosed with depression.”可知,Andrew Miller教授和他的同事们想知道这些药物的效果是否仅限于致癌因子水平高的抑郁症患者或是否对所有被诊断为抑郁症的人都有帮助,由此可知,在抑郁症得到满意的治疗之前还有很长的路要走(很多工作要做),故D项正确。
35.Which of the following shows the right structure of the passage?
(①—⑤ represent Para. 1—5 )

答案D
解析篇章结构题。通读全文可知,第一段为总论,指出抑郁症是一种非常可怕的疾病,很多患者对治疗抑郁症的药物都没有反应,第二、三段介绍了抑郁症的形成过程,第四段介绍了致癌因子通过几种途径到达大脑,第五段介绍了科学家们研究治疗抑郁症的药物,故D项正确。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Solve Worry Problems
The Great Nobel Prize winner in medicine, Dr.Alexis Carrel, once said, “Businessmen who do not know how to fight worry die young.”　36　Then how can we find a quick, surefire (万全的) recipe for handling worry situations? Here are a few basic steps to deal with different kinds of worries.?
Get the facts.
Why is it so important to get the facts?Because unless we have the facts, we can’t possibly even attempt to solve our problems intelligently.Without the facts, we will be left in confusion.　37　 Half the worry in the world is caused by people trying to make decisions before they have sufficient knowledge on which to base a decision.If a man will devote his time to securing facts in an objective way, his worries usually disappear in the light of knowledge.?
　38　?
However, getting all the facts in the world won’t do any good until we figure out what these facts mean and interpret them.It is much easier to achieve this after writing them down.In fact, merely writing the facts on a piece of paper and stating our problem clearly goes a long way toward helping us to reach a sensible decision.Therefore, when we are worried, sit down and write down two questions—and the answers to these questions, “What am I worrying about?” and “What can I do about it?”
Arrive at a decision.
Worry is killing.So we will probably save our life by sitting down and writing out all the various steps we could take and then writing down the probable consequences of each step and calmly coming to a decision.Experience has proved the enormous value of arriving at a fixed decision.　39　?
Act on that decision.
　40　 Don’t stop to reconsider.Don’t begin to hesitate and retrace (折返) our steps.Don’t lose ourselves in self-doubting which causes other doubts.Don’t look back our shoulders.?

　A.Analyze the facts.
　B.Write down our worries.
　C.This is the chief cause of worry.
　D.There comes a time when we must decide.
　E.Once we have made a decision, go into action.
　F.And so do housewives, horse doctors and bricklayers.
　G.It is the failure to reach a definite decision that drives men mad.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种处理不同类型担忧的方法。
36.F　根据上文“Businessmen who do not know how to fight worry die young.”可知不懂得与忧虑做斗争的商人会英年早逝,下文接着列举其他一些职业也会有相同的情况:家庭主妇、兽医和瓦匠也是如此。故选F项。
37.C　根据下文“Half the worry in the world is caused by people trying to make decisions before they have sufficient knowledge on which to base a decision.”可知世界上有一半的担忧是由于人们在没有足够的知识做决定之前就试图做出决定。“世界上有一半”可知这是忧虑的主要原因。故选C项。
38.A　根据本段第一句“However, getting all the facts in the world won’t do any good until we figure out what these facts mean and interpret them.”可知在我们弄清楚这些事实的含义并加以解释之前,获得世界上所有的事实是没有任何好处的。可知本段处理担忧的方法是:分析事实,故选A项。
39.G　根据上文“Experience has proved the enormous value of arriving at a fixed decision.”(经验证明,做出决定的价值是巨大的。)中的fixed可对应到G选项中definite,指“确定的;明确的”,故选G项。
40.E　根据本段小标题Act on that decision(按决定行事)中act on可对应到E选项中的go into action,指“行动;采取行动”,故选E项。

第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The day when I would go off to college was around the corner.Mom stood in her usual spot behind the ironing board(烫衣板) and said, “Pay attention:I’m going to teach you to iron.”
Mom clearly explained her reasons for this lesson.I was going to be 　41　 and needed to learn this 　42　 skill.Also, I would be meeting new people, and properly ironed clothes would help me make a good　43　.“Learn to iron a shirt,” Mom said, “and you can iron anything.”?
But ironing shirts was not 　44　 work.It didn’t make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasn’t a 　45　 operation like ice-skating.Ironing was like driving a car on a street that has a stop 　46　 every 10 feet.What’s more, an iron produced steam and it carried a possibility of 　47　.If you touched the wrong part of it, you’d get 　48　.If you forgot to turn it off when you 　49　, you might burn down the house.?
As for technique, Mom 　50　 me to begin it,which sounded easy but skillful.Mom said it looked very simple, but you must do it with your　51　 .Over the years, I’ve learned to iron shirts skillfully, which gives me a sense of 　52　.?
Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something.　53　, through ironing I’ve learned how to find out the 　54　 to working out even the most troublesome problems.“　55　 wrinkles one at a time,” as Mom might have said, “and before long everything will get ironed out.”?
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己在上大学前的暑假,母亲教会作者熨烫衣服的技巧。母亲认为作者将要独立并且需要学会这个必要的技能。通过熨烫衣服,作者也学会了解决生活中最棘手问题的方法。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
41.A.helpful B.confident
C.powerful D.independent
答案D
解析 考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。helpful有帮助的;confident自信的;powerful强有力的;independent独立的。这里指母亲认为我将要独立(independent)并且需要学会这个技能。
42.A.patient B.necessary
C.energetic D.frightening
答案B
解析考查形容词词义及语境理解。patient有耐心的;necessary必要的;energetic精力充沛的;frightening令人害怕的。根据空后的内容可知,妈妈认为我以后会结交新朋友,穿着熨烫的得体的衣服会让他给人好的印象,由此可知,熨烫衣服是一个必要的(necessary)技能。
43.A.conclusion B.suggestion
C.impression D.observation
答案C
解析考查名词词义辨析及固定搭配。conclusion结论;suggestion 建议;impression印象;observation观察。短语“make a good impression”为固定搭配,意为“留下好印象”。这里指得体的烫好的衣服将会帮助作者给他人留下好的印象。
44.A.useful B.easy C.special D.suitable
答案B
解析考查形容词词义。useful有用的;easy容易的;special特别的;suitable合适的。根据后文的种种描述可以得知,烫衬衫不是一件很容易的(easy)工作。
45.A.direct B.single C.smooth D.strange
答案C
解析考查形容词词义辨析。direct直接的;single单身的;smooth光滑的,流畅的;strange奇怪的。根据下文“像在每10英尺有一个停车标示牌(sign)的街道上驾驶汽车”可知,它(指烫衬衫)并非像滑冰那样流畅地(smooth)进行。
46.A.advertisement B.sign
C.symbol D.mark
答案B
解析考查名词词义辨析。advertisement广告;sign迹象,指示牌;symbol象征;mark标志。此处是指“熨烫衣服就像在每10英尺有一个停车标示牌(sign)的街道上驾驶汽车”。
47.A.doubt B.pressure C.surprise D.danger
答案D
解析考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。doubt怀疑;pressure压力;surprise惊讶;danger危险。而且,熨斗产生的蒸汽可能带来危险(danger)。
48.A.burnt B.warm C.excited D.ill
答案A
解析考查形容词辨析。burnt烧伤的;warm温暖的;excited兴奋的;ill生病的。此处是指“如果你弄错了,你会被烧伤”。
49.A.jumped off B.fell down
C.went away D.set sail
答案C
解析考查动词短语辨析。jump off跳下来;fall down跌倒;go away离开;set sail启航。此处是指“如果当你离开(went away)的时候你忘记把它关掉,你也许会把房子烧光”。分析选项可知。
50.A.taught B.chose C.forced D.persuaded
答案A
解析考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。teach教会;choose选择;force强迫;persuade说服。关于技术,妈妈开始教(taught)我,这听起来很容易却很巧妙。
51.A.attraction B.design C.intelligence D.strength
答案C
解析考查名词辨析。attraction吸引力;design设计;intelligence智慧;strength力量。此处是指“这看起来很简单,但你必须用你的智慧(intelligence)去做”。
52.A.honesty B.freedom C.justice D.pride
答案D
解析考查名词词义辨析。honesty诚实;freedom自由;justice公正;pride自豪。a sense of pride自豪感。多年来,我已经熟练地学会了熨烫衬衫,这给了我一种自豪(pride)感。
53.A.Instead B.Besides C.Otherwise D.However
答案B
解析考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。instead反而;besides除……之外;otherwise否则;however然而。除此之外(Besides),通过熨烫衣服,我已经学会了解决最棘手问题的方法。
54.A.collection B.lesson C.way D.solution
答案D
解析考查名词词义辨析。collection收藏品;lesson教训,课程;way方法;solution解决方案。根据后面的“最麻烦的问题”可知,此处是指“我学会了如何找出最麻烦的问题的解决方案(solution)”。
55.A.Make up B.Deal with C.Ask for D.Rely on
答案B
解析考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。make up组成,编造;deal with处理,对付;ask for询问;rely on依靠。“一次处理(deal with)皱的部分(即一次处理一个问题)”,正如妈妈曾经说过,“不久之后一切都会解决”。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is leading the world in facial recognition algorithms(人脸识别算法).It is reported that its best algorithm can recognize 10 million people 56.　　　　 a single mistake in less than a second.?
The top five of the 39 facial recognition algorithms in the world come from China, according to a test,57.　　　　 released the results last Friday.YITU Technology,58.　　　　Shanghai-based company that claimed both the top and second spot on the list, said that its top algorithm is able 59.　　　　(recognize) nearly every person in a sample base of 10 million.However, “it is very likely for a human brain to make 60.　　　　(mistake) in recognizing the identities of 100 people,” the company said.Algorithms from Beijing-based company Sense Time 61.　　　　(win) the third and fourth spot, while the Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology(SIAT) claimed 62.　　　　(five) in the test.YITU said that high facial recognition accuracy(精确)means that users gain 63.　　　　(good) experiences when 64.　　　　(use) related products.For example, when a user uses facial ID for payment on a smartphone, it will not authorize the payment for someone else with a similar 65.　　　　(appear) as the user, the company noted.?
答案与解析
【语篇解读】本文属于新闻报道,介绍世界面部识别算法最好的公司都来自中国,并介绍了其相关的信息及未来的前景。
56.without　考查介词。句意:据报道最好的算法可以在一秒之内识别1000万张面孔而不出一个错误。分析句子可知,名词短语前需要一个介词,结合语境可知,没有一个错误,故用without。
57.which　考查定语从句。句意:一份上周五公布的测试表明世界上39个人脸识别中前五都来自中国。分析句子可知,非限制性定语从句缺乏主语,故用关系代词which。
58.a　考查冠词。句意:YITU科技公司,一个在榜单排名第一和第二的上海公司,宣称最好的算法可以在1000万个样本中识别每个脸孔。分析句子可知,Shanghai-based company是对前面短语的解释说明,第一次提及,故用不定冠词a。
59.to recognize　考查非谓语动词。be able to do sth.能够做某事,故用to recognize。
60.mistakes　考查名词。句意:但是对于人类大脑来说,识别100个脸孔很可能犯很多错误。make mistakes犯错误。
61.won　考查动词时态和语态。分析句子可知,本句缺乏谓语,win与主语为主谓关系,故用主动语态,陈述过去事情,故用一般过去时won。
62.fifth　考查序数词。分析句子可知,该公司赢得第五名,故用序数词fifth。
63.better　考查形容词比较级。句意:YITU公司说在使用相关产品时,面部识别精确度的提高意味着用户可以获得更好的体验。分析语境可知,应用比较级,故用better。
64.using　考查非谓语动词。本句为when引导的省略句,use的逻辑主语为users,与其属于主谓关系,故用现在分词形式using。
65.appearance　考查名词。句意:例如,当用户在手机上进行刷脸支付的时候,不会授权外貌相似的用户支付信息。similar修饰名词,故用appearance。
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假如你是李华,你看到美国留学生Sharon 在网上发帖,希望有人能帮助她提高普通话(Mandarin)水平,她可以教英语作为回报。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。
1.表达给她提供帮助的意愿;
2.说明你能胜任辅导的理由;
3.给出讲好普通话的两点建议;
4.提出你学习英语的具体需求。
注意:1.词数80左右,开头语已为你写好;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Hi Sharon,
This is Li Hua.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.?
?
?
Yours,
Li Hua
参考范文
Hi Sharon,?
This is Li Hua.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.I’d like to help because I have previous experience as a part-time Mandarin teacher and get some help with my spoken English.?
As for speaking fluent Mandarin, first, it’s suggested that you listen to or watch some standard programs of Voice of China and channels of CCTV.Besides, more practice will also be an effective approach to improving Mandarin quickly.Last but not least, it’s necessary to have a good knowledge of the pronunciation of Chinese characters, the intonation of a sentence, and even the related culture.
That’s my advice on improving Mandarin.I would be grateful if you could help with my English.Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
I still remember it,like it was yesterday when my parents told me the news.It was the week before Christmas on Thursday morning when my parents said, “Stacy, start packing your things so we can go to Florida for the holidays.”?
“Okay, ”I responded.We do this every year for Christmas and New Year.It’s kind of a family tradition we have.We go every year because we like to visit some family members living in Florida.There has never been a year when we’ve missed a trip to Florida for the holidays.I was so excited to go on this trip because Christmas is my favorite holiday, but to top it off I was going to get to celebrate it with my family.?
The next morning,my mother entered my room.“Stacy, wake up!We need to go to the airport so that we can get our plane tickets to Florida before they sell out.”?
I jumped out of bed and got ready as fast as I could.When we were on our way to the airport,I couldn’t stop talking and smiling because I was too excited about getting our tickets.
“Aren’t you just excited to go to Florida?” I asked.
“Yes, I am.We can finally catch up with the family and drink hot cocoa,”responded my mother.
The airport was so crowded.Some people were leaving to other countries and others were just visiting for the holiday.There was such a huge line in the airport because so many different people were buying plane tickets.?
When it was our turn, my mother said,“Three tickets to Florida on Christmas Eve please.”The lady working there responded,“Well, you guys are lucky.You got the last three tickets to Florida.”?
My mother and I both smiled in relief and paid for our tickets and went back home to finish packing.
Paragraph 1:
When we arrived home,we found Father was ?
Paragraph 2:
After we left for the airport to buy tickets,a man climbed into our house to steal money. ?
参考范文
Paragraph 1:
When we arrived home, we found Father was lying on the floor, bleeding.Though we felt very surprised, we sent him to hospital at once.With the help of doctors, my father came back to life on Christmas Eve, which made our family pleased.My parents loved each other very much, so my mother kept my father company day and night,completely forgetting the trip to Florida.After my father woke up, he said sorry to us and told us everything that happened to him.?
Paragraph 2:
After we left for the airport to buy tickets, a man climbed into our house to steal money.My father caught him and bravely fought with him, but unfortunately the man hurt my father.Hearing the news,we were proud of him.On Christmas Eve, we held a party in the hospital for my father.Everyone got together around the Christmas tree and sang Christmas songs to him.That Christmas Eve was quite unusual and meaningful.I will never forget the time I spent with my father on Christmas Eve in the hospital.?
(共46张PPT)
Section C　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
tangled
web
weave
deceive
justify
frank
tear
latter
moreover
independent
apart
fence
即使
保护……使免受……
在一定程度上
撒谎
提前
包含,包括
一系列的
一群
应用
征求意见
Ⅱ.介词填空
1.The measuring equipment shall be protected 　　　　　damage.?
2.If you require payment,this must be agreed between you and your guest 　　　　　advance.?
3.Some are small,and consist　　　　　 father,mother and a child.?
4.They may apply 　　　　　join the organization.?
5.Don’t be afraid to ask 　　　　　advice about ordering the meal.?
from
in
of
to
for
Ⅲ.阅读导学
根据P8-P9课文内容,回答下列问题。
1.Which is not the reason why we tell a white lie?
A.To try to make others feel better.
B.To give encouragement.
C.To deceive others.
D.To protect others from bad news.
2.Which is an important value?
A.Lying.
B.Honesty.
C.Telling white lies.
D.Hiding the truth.
C
B
3.Which may be the reason why we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good?
A.To improve the situation.
B.To tell the truth.
C.To protect ourselves.
D.To be frank to them.
C
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1.weave v.编,织
【课文原句】Oh,what a tangled web we weave,When first we practise to deceive!
当我们一旦开始欺骗的时候,我们得编织多么复杂的网啊!
【词汇精讲】句中weave 是动词,意为“编,织”,过去式wove,过去分词woven。此外,weave也可以用作名词,意为“编法,织法,编织样式”。
He wove some branches together to form a roof.
他把一些树枝编起来搭成屋顶。
Fabrics with a close weave are ideal for painting.
编织紧密的布最适合作画。
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【词汇拓展】
weave your magic 使人入迷
weave in and out 迂回穿行
weave your way through 在……中穿行
weaver 织布工
Only a few women still weave.只有很少的妇女还在编织。
The author wove the incidents together into one story.
作者把那些事件编成一个故事。
The group wove slowly along the narrow dirt track.
这一队人在狭窄的泥土小路上缓慢迂回前进。
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2.protect...from ... 保护……使免受……
【课文原句】Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”:little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
也许我们会安慰自己,认为自己所说的谎言大部分都是善意的谎言,为了保护别人所讲的小小的谎言。
【词汇精讲】protect...from 在句中意为“保护……使免受……”。protect还常用于构成短语protect sb/sth against sth表示“预防,防止”。
The layers of cloth could protect us from the sun and wind.
这些层叠的布能保护我们免受阳光和风的侵袭。
So, what can women do to protect themselves from heart disease?
那么,女性做什么才能使自己不得心脏病呢?
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【词汇拓展】
protection n.保护
environmental protection 环境保护
fire/flood/sun protection 防火/防洪/防晒
under the protection of 在……的保护之下
protective adj.保护的,给予保护的
defend sb/sth from 保护……不受
prevent...from... 阻止,预防,防止
Physical exercise can protect you against heart disease.体育锻炼可以预防心脏病。
Further treatment will prevent cancer from developing.
进一步的治疗将阻止癌症恶化。
The heavy rain prevented us from going to the park.
大雨阻止我们去公园。
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3.justify v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理;为……辩护
【课文原句】But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these?
但是我们能在多大的程度上证明类似于这样的善意的谎言是正确的呢?
【词汇精讲】justify 动词,意为“证明……有道理;为……辩护”。后边宾语可以是名词、代词,也可以是动词-ing形式,反义词“argue against”。
How can you justify spending so much money?
你对花掉这么多钱能做出怎样令人满意的解释呢?
How can you justify your rude behaviour?
你如何解释你的粗鲁行为呢?
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【词汇拓展】
be justified by...……被证明是合理的;理由是……
justify oneself 为自己辩解
justified adj.有合理解释的,有正当理由的
This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home.
女性需要待在家中的说法证明是合理的(他们这样做的理由是家庭需要女性)。
He had to justify himself for his conduct.
他不得不为自己的行为辩白。
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4.frank adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的
【课文原句】Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve.
停下来,然后考虑一下,也许你的朋友想从你那里听到坦诚的评论以便提高自我。
【词汇精讲】 frank 形容词,句中意为“坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的”。frank作动词时,意为“在(信封)上盖邮资已付的戳记”。
He was very frank about his relationship with the actress.他对自己和那位女演员的关系直言不讳。
We have had a frank talk.
我们有过坦率的交谈。
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【词汇拓展】
frankly adv.坦白说,坦率地说
to be frank 坦白说,坦率地说
be frank with sb 坦白跟某人讲
be frank about sth 坦率地说
frank discussion/interview/exchange of view 坦诚的讨论/访谈/意见交换
He was completely frank with her about what had happened.对于所发生的一切,他对她坦言相告。
She was quite frank about the whole thing.
她对整件事直言不讳。
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5.tear n.眼泪,泪水
【课文原句】If you’ve had a bad day,do you tell your parents about it,or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”?
如果你这一天过得不愉快,你会诚实告诉父母,还是会掩藏泪水撒谎说你过得“不错”呢?
【词汇精讲】tear 在本句中作名词,意为“眼泪,泪水”;tear 还可以作动词,意为“撕裂, 撕碎, 扯破”。
Her eyes filled with tears.
她双眼噙满泪水。
He was in floods of tears on the phone.
他在电话里失声痛哭。
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【词汇拓展】
tearful adj.哭泣的,含泪的,快要哭的
burst into tears 突然哭起来
tear down 扯下;拆毁
tear up 撕碎;拔起
tear...into pieces 把……撕成碎片
tear...open 把……撕开
I don’t know what it was in the novel that made him burst into tears.
我不知道小说中的什么内容让他突然哭起来了。
Tear down the dangerous wall as soon as possible, or sometime it may fall down and injure your family.
尽早拆除这堵危墙,否则不知什么时候它会倒塌弄伤你的家人。
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6.independent adj.独立的
【课文原句】The more independent you are,the better your life will be.
你越独立,你以后的生活就会越好。
【词汇精讲】independent在句中是形容词,意为“独立的”。可以作表语,也可以作定语,反义词是dependent。
Above all,you must be independent.
最重要的是,你必须独立。
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【词汇拓展】
independence n.独立,自主
gain/achieve/win independence 取得/获得/赢得独立
independently adv.独立地
be independent of 不依赖
independent school 私立学校
Are you quite independent of your parents now?
你现在脱离父母独立了吗?
In 1821,the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain.
1821年,墨西哥人民脱离西班牙获得了独立。
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1.However,when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good,or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate,are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else?
然而,当我们撒谎,说某个人的发型看起来很美,或者当我们说我们很喜欢这顿饭但背地里其实很不喜欢的时候,我们真的希望能够让别人改善提高吗?
【句式剖析】when...or when...引导的时间状语从句,主句的主干是are we really hoping...?第一个时间状语从句中,we lie and say 后边又跟了一个that引导的宾语从句。第二个时间状语从句中,say 后边又跟了一个that 引导的宾语从句,而在宾语从句that we love a meal 后是that 引导的定语从句,来修饰a meal。
There are times when I wonder why I do this job.
有时候我也不明白自己为什么要干这个工作。
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【句式拓展】
(1)be about to do...when... 正要做某事就……
(2)be doing...when... 正在做某事就在这时……
(3)had just done sth when...刚做完某事就……
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2.The more independent you are,the better your life will be.
你越独立,你的生活就会越好。
【句式剖析】 本句是“the more...the more...”结构,意为“越……,越……”。表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化,其中的两个the都是副词,而不是冠词。其中前面的句子是状语从句,后面的句子是主句。
The more he gets,the more he wants.
他得到的越多,他想要的越多。
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【句式拓展】
(1)“the more...,the more...”句型,主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
The more you practice,the better you can speak.
你练习越多,你就能说得越好。
(2)若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。
The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.
你越用功,进步就越大。
(3)若比较级作表语且不位于句首时,可以不用the。
When we are more in danger,we should be braver.
越是危险,我们越应勇敢。
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(4)在这种句型中,主句在程度上随着从句变化而变化,常把被强调部分提前。
The faster you run,the better it will be.你跑得越快越好。
(5)若表示“越……越不……”时,常用“the more...,the less... ”。
The more she flatters me,the less I like her.
她越逢迎我,我越不喜欢她。
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3.After repeating this process a few times,they eventually found the ideal distance where they could feel warm while managing not to hurt each other.
在重复了这个过程几次之后, 他们最终找到了合适的距离,在这个距离他们既感到温暖,又不会伤到彼此。
【句式剖析】After repeating... times 是状语,主句是they...distance,在distance 后边的where... each other 是where 引导的定语从句,来修饰distance。
Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?
你有没有遇到这种情况:有人指控你的记者,说他们的报道不实呢?
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【句式拓展】
先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句。
(1)where引导的定语从句可以修饰抽象的地点名词,常见的有system,case,point,stage,occasion,position,situation,condition,activity,race,job,scene,competition等。
Noise is coming to the point where we can’t put up with it.
噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步。
(2)抽象地点名词后的定语从句中如果缺少主语或宾语则需用关系代词that或which。
They have set out to deal with the present situation that deserves their immediate attention.
他们开始处理需要他们立即关注的现状。
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如何写好议论文
最近有一名美国留学生在你校英文论坛发帖称,家庭作业不仅占用了他大量的业余时间,而且毫无必要。请你写一篇英语短文回复他的帖子,列举理由(至少三点)来反驳他的观点。
注意:词数100左右。
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参考范文:
Hearing your homework takes up too much of your spare time, I feel sympathetic towards you. However, in my opinion, homework is an essential part of learning process.
Firstly, homework ensures review and preview.
In addition, homework is beneficial to the development of self-study abilities. For example, some assignments involve investigating,summarizing, analyzing and evaluating, which are all important skills.
Finally, homework provides feedback for our teachers. If we do a poor job, our teachers will take measures to help us.
In conclusion, proper amounts of homework in proper forms are of great benefit to us.
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一、审题定调
该习作要求反驳对方“家庭作业毫无必要”的观点,是一篇观点论证型议论文。因此写作时首先应该根据提示阐明自己的观点,然后围绕这一观点进行论证,论证过程要做到层次分明、有理有据。人称以第一人称为主,时态以一般现在时为主。
二、谋篇布局
就本篇习作而言,我们可以把全文分为三部分。
第一部分:引出话题,阐明观点(就对方观点提出反对意见);
第二部分:分层论述(家庭作业能够帮助学生复习和预习，培养学生的自学能力，向老师反馈学生对知识的掌握情况);
第三部分:总结全文,重申态度(适量合理的家庭作业对学生的学习有促进作用)。
重点词汇
重点句式
高分写作
三、组织语言
就本篇习作而言,每个部分可围绕以下内容组织语言。
1.第一部分:引出话题,阐明观点。
重点词汇
重点句式
高分写作
2.第二部分:分层论述。
重点词汇
重点句式
高分写作
重点词汇
重点句式
高分写作
3.第三部分:总结全文,重申态度。
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
单句填空
1.Success is 　　　　　(depend) on your efforts and ability.?
答案:dependent
2.　　　　　 be honest,I just don’t want to go.?
答案:To
3.She was so angry that she tore the letter 　　　　　pieces.?
答案:into
4.She is skilled at spinning and　　　　　(weave).?
答案:weaving
5.They huddled together to protect themselves 　　　　　the wind.?
答案:from
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
6.I was about to go out 　　　　　it began to rain.?
答案:when
7.He got into a situation 　　　　　it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.?
答案:where
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
语法填空
Last Tuesday,our class invited 1.　　　　　 old craftsman
2.　　　　　 (teach) us how to make dough figurines(面团雕像).?
When the craftsman came 3.　　　 the classroom,we 4.　　 (give) him a warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box.First,he showed 5.　　　　　(we) the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.We stood around him and watched 6. 　　　　　(attentive).Then we started to have a try ourselves.The old man walked around and helped us patiently.Finally,we put the figurines
7.　　　　　 we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.8.　　　　　 (look) at the figurines,we were all very
9.　　　　　 (excite).?
We hope we can have more 10.　　　　　 (activity) of this kind!?
an
to teach
into
gave
us
attentively
that/which
Looking
excited
activities
Unit 1Knowing me,knowing you
Section C　Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection
课后篇巩固提升
基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The former is my sister;the 　　　　　(后者) is my cousin.?
答案latter
2.I don’t like skating;　　　　　(此外),the ice is too thin.?
答案moreover
3.You don’t need to 　　　　　(证明)yourself to me.?
答案justify
4.I found the information on the　　　　　 (网络).?
答案web
5.I think you can 　　　　　(编)a story around this incident.?
答案weave
6.They built a 　　　　　(篱笆)to stop children from falling in.?
答案fence
7.They became 　　　　　(独立) in 1975.?
答案independent
Ⅱ.短语填空
even if,protect ...from,to an extent,tell a lie,in advance,consist of,apply to, ask ... for advice1.　　　　　　 you won’t tell me,I’ll know anyway.?
答案Even if
2.Everything has been fixed　　　　　　　.?
答案in advance
3.I don’t like her,because she often　　　　　　　.?
答案tells a lie
4.You should 　　　　　the children 　　　　　catching a cold.?
答案protect;from
5.All electronic computers 　　　　　　　　　　five units although they are of different kinds.?
答案consist of
6.　　　　　　　,that is the reason for the meeting.?
答案To an extent
7.Many students 　　　　　　　Language Doctor 　　　　　　　　about improving their English.?
答案ask;for advice
8.They will　　　　　　 the money　　　　　 building up a little library.?
答案apply;to
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1.温室保护蔬菜免受冻害。(protect... from)
?
答案The greenhouse protects vegetables from cold.
2.即便查理通过了高级水平考试,他以后找工作也成问题。(even if)
?
答案Charlie’s going to have problems finding a job even if he gets his A levels.
3.美味可口的汤包括西红柿、豌豆和肉。(consist of)
?
答案The delicious soup consists of tomatoes,peas and meat.
4.教授平易近人,所有的年轻教师都喜欢向他请教。(ask for advice)
?
答案The professor is easy to approach,and all the young teachers like to ask for advice from him.
5.预订票要便宜一些。(in advance)
?
答案It’s cheaper if you book the tickets in advance.
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Laptop computers are popular all over the world.People use them on trains and airplanes,in airports and hotels.These laptops connect people to their workplace.In the United States today,laptops also connect students to their classrooms.
Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want.Within five years,each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop.The laptops are part of a $10 million computer program at Westlake,a 110-year-old college.The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet.In addition,they will be able to use e-mail to“speak” with their teachers,their classmates,and their families.However,the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs.They can work with it at home,in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees—anywhere at all!
Because of the many changes in computer technology,laptop use in higher education,such as colleges and universities,is workable.As laptops become more powerful,they become more similar to desktop computers.
In addition,the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet,but also libraries and other resources.State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students.State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities,too.
At Westlake College,more than 60 percent of the staff use computers.The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons.As one Westlake teacher said,“Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we’re giving students a window on the world.They can see everything and do everything.”
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。本文讲述了当前很多人使用笔记本电脑,笔记本电脑对人们的生活有很重要的影响。而西湖大学正准备启动一个笔记本项目。它计划在五年之内为学校的每一位学生配备一台电脑,让学生随时随地能够做作业,也能通过邮件和老师同学交流,更能了解更多的关于外部世界的信息。
1.The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to 　　　.?
A.work at home
B.access the Internet
C.use for their schoolwork
D.connect them to libraries
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want” 可知,这个笔记本电脑项目允许学生在任何地点做学校作业。分析选项可知,C项符合题意。
2.Why is the word “speak” in the second paragraph in quotation marks(引号)?
A.None of the above reasons is correct.
B.They use the computer language.
C.Laptops have speakers.
D.They don’t really talk.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第二段中“In addition,they will be able to use e-mail to ‘speak’ with their teachers,their classmates,and their families”可知,本句是指他们还可以使用电子邮件与老师、同学和家人“交谈”。“speak”是指他们通过邮件说,可知通过邮件是写的,交流的,并不是真正的“说”,故选D项。
3.Which of the following is true about Westlake College?
A.All teachers use computers.
B.It is an old college in America.
C.1,500 students have laptops.
D.Students there can do everything.
答案B
解析推理判断题。根据第二段中的“at Westlake,a 110-year-old college” 西湖大学是一所有着110年历史的大学,可知历史悠久,故选B项。
4.A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can 　　　.?
A.get information from around the world
B.travel around the world
C.attend lectures on information technology
D.have free laptops
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“They can see everything and do everything”他们能知道一切,能够做一切,可知,通过电脑,学生能够得到关于这个世界更多的信息,故选A项。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
目前,网络投票比较普遍。阐述你对网络投票的看法,并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
?
?
?
?
?
?
参考范文
Nowadays,Internet voting has widely appeared in our daily life.From my point of view,Internet voting is actually beneficial.
Firstly,Internet voting is more convenient and economical compared with the conventional voting approach.Secondly,glorious deeds will be spread through the Internet.It can cheer people up and encourage them to do what benefits our society.Thus,we will live in a peaceful society where people are warm-hearted and full of positive energy.
Though Internet voting sometimes leaves us in a dilemma,I believe that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.After all,we can follow our heart if we insist.
Ⅵ.读后续写
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
At a recent 6-year-old’s birthday party together with my daughter,I watched two girls playing in a playroom.Three boys came over and decided they were going to drive the girls away.“No girls allowed,”said one boy.The other two boys crowded around the girls for effect.One of the girls,in fear,did as she was ordered and left the playroom.The other girl stood her ground.“We were here first.You can’t kick us out,”she said.
They weren’t my kids,so I gently told the boys that everyone was allowed to play in the playroom.The boys ignored me,and continued to push the remaining girl out of the room.The girl fell on the ground and screamed in pain.The boys went on with their no-girls-allowed game.I took the girl over to the parents at the party and explained what had happened.What followed was a lesson in how girls were schooled in male power and privilege(特权).
The girl’s mother told her that she should have stayed away from the boys.The message to the girl was that it was her fault because she didn’t do what the boys had ordered.A father of one of the boys laughed and told me that I should have caught the girl as she fell.There were no consequences for the boys.Their violence was so much an accepted part of their behavior that it didn’t even raise an eyebrow.In fact,the attitude of the father was that using physical strength to get what you wanted was to be celebrated.The message to the boys was that they could hurt girls without any consequence.Another mother said,“It’s so hard for boys and girls to play together at this age.”
Paragraph 1:
To that mother’s words,my response is:No!It’s not!?
Paragraph 2:
My six-year-old daughter observed the events at the party.?
参考范文
Paragraph 1:
To that mother’s words,my response is:No!It’s not!We are all humans,born without any difference.Though it seems to be a small thing,just a quarrel among children,what it shows is that girls are now suffering from prejudice.Actually,boys and girls are just like two poles of our Earth,so they can’t be apart and there is nothing about who are better.Boys should have a respectful attitude to girls.I think all the parents should teach their children that boys and girls have the same rights.
Paragraph 2:
My six-year-old daughter observed the events at the party.And afterwards she said,“Mom,I think those boys can’t drive the girls away and even injure them,”I said,“That’s true,my dear.Girls are now being looked down upon,but you need to understand that we are equal,though some people don’t think like this.”My daughter nodded and said,“I will try my best to stop violence against women and girls.”
Unit 1Knowing me,knowing you
Section A　Starting out & Understanding ideas
课后篇巩固提升
基础训练
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.He sat there, 　　　　　(sink)in thought.?
答案sunk
2.Some are like myself,working as a teacher,reading and writing, 　　　　　(satisfy)with a simple life.?
答案satisfied
3.This kind of animal is rare anywhere in the world, let 　　　　　in China.?
答案alone
4.Read the letters and find out what kind of problems Ben has and who he turns 　　　　　for help.?
答案to
5.　　　　　 (dress) in a red dress, the girl looks more beautiful.?
答案Dressed
6.Production of the goods must fit 　　　　　with the needs of the society.?
答案in
7.She took 　　　　　deep breath and sat up with great effort.?
答案a
8.He felt 　　　　　(embarrass) at being the centre of the attention.?
答案embarrassed
Ⅱ.短语填空
let down,help out, take a breath, pull one’s weight, raise one’s concern, as well as, work out
1.Bob has never　　　　　　　　　　　, and we all have to work harder to make up for his laziness.?
答案pulled his weight
2.No one but you knows your heart is racing, so 　　　　　　　　　　　and try to calm down.?
答案take a breath
3.These girls are 　　　　　　every day in order to lose ten pounds of weight.?
答案working out
4.The worst feeling is 　　　　　our parents　　　　　　　　.?
答案letting;down
5.They visited some factories, hospitals 　　　　　　　　　　　the school.?
答案as well as
6.Do you need anyone to 　　　　　　　　　in the shop??
答案help out
7.Two incidents in recent days have　　　　　　　.?
答案raised our concern
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.对考试结果非常的失望,妈妈一句话也没说就走开了。
　　　 　　　　　the result of the exam, my mum left without saying anything.?
答案Disappointed with
2.你可以相信布鲁克斯,他决不会使你失望。
You can trust Brooks.He’ll never 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
答案let you down
3.感到非常的羞愧和尴尬,我没有和经理谈论新的计划。
　　　 　　　　　　　　　　,I refused to talk to the manager about the new plan.?
答案Embarrassed and ashamed
4.用这种方法治疗,你的身体很快就会康复。
　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,you will recover soon.?
答案Treated in this way
5.她张开嘴,好像要深呼吸。
Her lips parted as if she were about to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
答案take a deep breath
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
America is a mobile society.Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet disappear soon if situations change.Neither side feels hurt by this.Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while—then no more.If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship.This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flow more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life.They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily,but truly can’t manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine.They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus.And they expect that we will phone them from there.Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real.We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time.Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend.We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends.The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes.?
For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for pure business matters.So accept their hospitality at home!
【语篇解读】本文通过事例分析说明了中美两国人在看待友谊方面有差异。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.The writer of this passage must be 　　　.?
A.an American B.a Chinese
C.a professor D.a student
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans...”可知,作者是一名中国人。故选B项。
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Friendships between Americans usually extend deeply into their families.
B.Friendships between Americans usually last for all their lives.
C.Americans always show their warmth even if they are very busy.
D.Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.
答案D
解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship.”可知D项正确。
3.The underlined words “generous with our time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean “　　　”.?
A.strict with time
B.serious with time
C.careful with time
D.willing to spend time
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“...they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.”和“This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country...”,再依据后面的事例可知,美国人好客,但对自己的时间管控有度,不愿花他们认为不必要的时间陪着朋友,故选D项。
4.A suitable title for this passage would probably be “　　　”.?
A.Friendships between Chinese
B.Friendships between Americans
C.Americans’ hospitality
D.Americans’ and Chinese views of friendships
答案D
解析主旨大意题。综合全文,尤其是最后两段可知,本文主要讲述了中美两国人对友谊的观点有差异,故选D项。

B
When we were very young, we realized that having friends was important.The need for friends continued as we grew into our teens.Friends played a big part in the development of our personalities.As adults, it is still important for us to have friends.
True friends are people who like us though we make mistakes and who listen to us and tell us the truth.Friends support our decisions and tell us when we’re wrong.They laugh with us and share our sadness.They are our partners and share interests with us.They stimulate us when we are feeling down.They are people with whom we aren’t afraid of sharing our secret wishes or what is really in our minds.
Friends make you feel safe and warm.At times, they also help with our everyday life, cooking a meal, helping with chores, or giving us a lift when we need.
Friends also are there to offer advice, an ear to listen, or a shoulder to cry on.
Friends also help us reduce stress.They not only listen to us when we feel stressed, but also discuss with us how to forget about problems at work or at home.For a short time, we can lose ourselves in a pleasant activity and perhaps laugh and breathe more easily.
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述朋友在我们的生活当中起着很重要的作用,我们需要朋友。
5.What is the best title for the passage?
A.How to Reduce Stress
B.How to Make New Friends
C.The Importance of Friends
D.The Qualities of Good Friends
答案C
解析 主旨大意题。全文是围绕朋友的重要性这个中心来讲述的。故选C项。
6.The underlined word “stimulate” in Paragraph 2 probably means 　　　.?
A.educate B.encourage
C.remember D.dislike
答案B
解析 词义猜测题。画线句上下文讲述了朋友可以同甘共苦,朋友是我们的搭档并与我们享有共同的兴趣,因此推断画线句句意是:在我们感到沮丧的时候,朋友会激励我们。所以画线词意思是:激励。与encourage意思相近。故选B项。
7.We can learn from the third paragraph that friends always 　　　.?
A.laugh at us when we’re foolish
B.tell us other people’s secrets
C.share our sadness and interests
D.support us when we need help
答案D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段可知,朋友时常会在日常生活中帮助我们,帮助我们做饭、做家务、需要的时候让我们搭便车,因此推断朋友总是在我们需要帮助的时候支持我们。故选D项。
Ⅴ.七选五
Want to know how to be a confident friend-finder? We can help, with four easy steps.
Step 1　Change your mental state.
It’s easy to get so freaked out(不安的)about being in a new situation that you start throwing off don’t-come-near-me signals.And guess what? It worked.　1　Instead, change your attitude with some positive thinking.Tell yourself“It’ll be great to get to know someone new”, or “I can’t wait to hear what these girls have to say.”?
Step 2　Remember, the eyes have it.
The first place we look at when we’re uncomfortable is the floor.No one can tell if we’re embarrassed.We can’t tell if anyone is looking at us.Whoa!　2　Holding your head up and making eye contact is a bold(大胆的)move.It’s confident and friendly.?
Step 3　　3　?
Does starting a communication bring on an attack of shyness? Try adding a good question to your friend-finding tools.Strong opening questions usually begin with “what” or “how” words that get people talking.Typically, our first instinct (本能) is to ask a “can” or a “do” question, like “Can I borrow a pencil?” or “Do you know where the bathroom is?　4　 Asking “what” or “how” questions gets you more information to respond to.Try something like “Hi.I really like that flower.How did you draw it?” or “Hi.I’m new.What’s the least scary lunch option in the cafeteria?”?
Step 4　Practice, practice, practice.
Making new friends is a skill.　5　But the more you practice, the more relaxed and natural you’ll feel, and the easier it will get.So flash that smile, offer some welcoming words, and soon you’ll be hanging out with your newest friends!?

A.People don’t come near you.
B.All you need is one question.
C.Listen closely to their answers.
D.Not a good way to meet people.
E.The thought of meeting people makes you excited.
F.But that only gets you short answers.Like “Yeah”or “Down the hall”.
G.Like art, music, or sports, it takes practice to feel truly confident of it.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何自信地交到朋友提出了几个可行的步骤。
1.A　由“It’s easy to get so freaked out about being in a new situation that you start throwing off don’t-come-near-me signals.And guess what? It worked.”可知,当你处在一个新的环境中很容易让你不安,以至于你开始发出“不要靠近我”的信号。猜猜看?它起作用了。所以判断出此处要说明“不要靠近我”的信号发出后所产生的结果是什么样的。故A项“人们不会靠近你”符合句意。故A选项切题。
2.D　当我们不安的时候,我们首先看的是地板。没人知道我们是否尴尬。我们不知道是否有人在看着我们。抬起头,眼神交流是一个大胆的举动。它既是自信又是友好的表现。此处要起到承上启下的作用,既要说明上文的眼睛之间的交流方式是错误的,又要说明应该怎样进行眼神的交流是正确的。故D项符合句意。
3.B　本段主要介绍了在交流过程中,为了使交流能够顺利地继续下去,强有力的开场白通常以“什么”或“如何”这样的提问方式开始。故B项“你所需要的就是一个问题”切题。
4.F　通常,我们的第一本能是问一个“can”或“do”的问题,比如“我能借一支铅笔吗?”或者“你知道洗手间在哪里吗?所以判断出此处在表明以“can”或者“do”这样的提问方式会得到的答案是什么?故F选项“但这只能让你得到简短的答案”。比如“是”或者“沿着大厅就能看见”。故F项切题。
5.G　结交新朋友是一项技能。但是你练习得越多,就越感觉放松和自然。所以判断出此处是把交朋友比喻成了艺术、音乐或体育一样。需要练习才能真正对它充满信心,练习得越多,越感觉放松和自然。故G项“像艺术、音乐或体育一样,需要练习才能真正对它充满信心”切题。
(共38张PPT)
Unit 1 Knowing me,knowing you
Going to a new school can feel like starting all over again.You may feel sad or angry about leaving your old school or friends.You may feel excited about a new beginning or a “fresh start”.You may feel nervous① about having to meet new people.All of these feelings are normal when you start at a new school.
Most kids worry about fitting in at their new school.It’s common for a new kid to feel like an outsider for the first few weeks.Although you can be lonely,you can help yourself fit in②by being friendly.Even if you are nervous,try to smile,say hello and ask questions.
Here are two places where you might meet friends in a new school:
●The classroom:Look around you.Is there anyone who you can talk to? Do you take part in group activities in class? If so,try to join a new group every time.
●Playground:Most schools offer many team sports.Try to join in these sports.
Some kids worry about their teachers when they start a new school.Even if the teachers are supportive③,it can take some time to adjust④ to new rules or ways of teaching. Try talking to them about your problems.?
词海拾贝
①nervous adj.紧张的,害怕的
②fit in适应,相处融洽
③supportive adj.支持的,给予帮助的
④adjust v.调整,适应
典句欣赏
Even if the teachers are supportive,it can take some time to adjust to new rules or ways of teaching.
译文:即使老师能够给予帮助,适应新的规则或教学方法仍需要一些时间。
分析:本句是一个主从复合句。even if 引导让步状语从句,主句中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式to adjust to...。
理解诱思
1.What do the kids feel when they start a new school?
答案:They may feel sad or angry/excited/nervous.
2.What do the kids worry about?
答案:Most kids worry about fitting in at their new school.Some kids worry about their teachers when they start a new school.
Section A　Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
agony
steam
loose
lip
sink
fault
resolve
strategy
signal
breath
concern
知心阿姨
帮一把
使失望,辜负
发泄怒火;宣泄情绪
祸从口出
吸一口气
做好分内事,尽责
适应,适合
混乱
聊天
解决;锻炼
Ⅱ.词汇拓展
1.loose →v. 　　　　　→adv. 　　　　　?
2.concern→adj. 　　　　　→prep. 　　　　　?
3.sink →(过去式) 　　　　　→ (过去分词) 　　　　　?
4.fault →adj. 　　　　　→(反义词) 　　　　　?
5.resolve →n. 　　　　?
6.strategy →(pl.) 　　　　?
7.breath →v. 　　　　　→adj. 　　　　　→adv.　　　　　?
loosen
loosely
concerned
concerning
sank
sunk
faulty
faultless
resolution
strategies
breathe
breathless
breathlessly
Ⅲ.阅读导学
根据P2-P3课文内容,回答下列问题。
1.Why did Ben let off steam?
2.Why was Ben angry with his friend?
3.What does Ben do well in?
4.What does the saying “Loose lips sink ships.” mean?
5.What does Ben need to do according to the agony aunt?
6.What is Ben’s fault?
答案:1.Because he was angry.
2.Because his friend went and told everyone else what he had said.
3.He does well in basketball.
4.It means that if you speak too much about something,especially to people who you don’t know so well,it’ll cause all kinds of trouble.
5.Firstly,apologise to his teammate.Secondly,talk to his friend.Thirdly,think about his own behaviour.
6.He shouldn’t let off steam and should always think before he speaks.
重点词汇
重点句式
1.let off steam 发泄怒火,宣泄情绪
【课文原句】I was just letting off steam really,because I was so angry...
因为我太生气了,我当时只是在宣泄情绪……
【词汇精讲】let off 是及物动词短语,意为“放出;引爆;宽恕”。let off steam 意为“发泄怒火,宣泄情绪”。
Please forgive me for saying that; I just needed to let off steam.
请原谅我讲的那些话,我只不过是要宣泄情绪而已。
After the mid-term exam,the students decided to go on an excursion to let off steam.
期中考试以后,学生们决定远足来放松一下紧张的情绪。
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【词汇拓展】
let out发出(叫声等);泄露
let...in 让……进来;放进
let go (of)放开;放手;释放
let down使失望;辜负
let alone更不用说;听任;不打扰
For most people,it was impossible to operate a computer without a mouse,let alone surf the Internet.
对大多数人来说,没有鼠标几乎就无法操作计算机,更不用说上网了。
When someone has deeply hurt you,it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate.
当有人深深地伤害了你时,放下仇恨是非常困难的。
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2.agony n.痛楚,苦难
【课文原句】Our Agony Aunt answers your questions.
我们的知心阿姨回答你的问题。
【词汇精讲】agony 是名词,意为“痛楚,苦难”。
A new machine may save thousands of animals from the agony of drug tests.
一种新型机器也许可以将成千上万的动物从药物试验的痛苦中解脱出来。
The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.
战争带来的最深重的苦难现在开始了。
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【词汇拓展】
in agony = in pain处于痛苦中
agony aunt知心阿姨
agony column=advice column知心专栏
agonize v.(对某事物)极度忧虑或担心
agonize about/over对……焦虑/苦恼
agonized adj.十分痛苦的
agonizing adj.令人痛苦的
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3.sink v.使(船)沉没
【课文原句】There is an old American saying,“Loose lips sink ships.”
有一个古老的美国谚语,“祸从口出” 。
【词汇精讲】sink 是动词,意为“使(船)沉没”。
The ship struck a rock,and began to sink.
船撞上了礁石并开始下沉。
In a naval battle your aim is to sink the enemy’s ship.
在海战中你的目标就是击沉敌船。
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【词汇拓展】
sink n.洗涤池,洗碗槽,水槽
sink v.(日、月)下落;(头、目光等)下垂;消沉,陷入
sink into 陷入
The sink was full of dirty dishes.
水槽里堆满了脏碟子。
The sun was starting to sink.
太阳开始下山。
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4.breath n.呼出的气
【课文原句】Take a deep breath,calm down,and always remember: think first,speak later.
深呼吸,让自己平静下来,并谨记:先想,后说。
【词汇精讲】breath 为名词,意为 “呼出的气”。
We had to stop for breath before we got to the top.
我们不得不喘口气,然后再登顶。
He took a deep breath,and began to climb the stairs.
他深吸了一口气,然后开始爬楼梯。
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【词汇拓展】
breathe v.呼吸
breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
breathe in 吸气
breathe out 呼气
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
out of breath 气喘吁吁,上气不接下气
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
(2019全国Ⅰ卷)If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply.
如果你在户外运动,你的身体就会学会更深地呼吸。
Having butterflies in my stomach,I breathed deeply.
我忐忑不安地深吸了一口气。
She was soon out of breath,but went on running.
她很快就气喘吁吁了,但仍继续跑。
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5.concern n.忧虑,担心
【课文原句】If you feel one of your teammates isn’t pulling their weight,then raise your concerns in a professional way with your team coach.
如果你发现你们有一个队员没有尽责,那么可以从专业角度向你们队的教练提出你的担忧。
【词汇精讲】句中concern 是名词,意为“担心,忧虑”。concern 既可以用作名词,又能作动词。用作动词时,意为“(使)担忧;涉及;关系到;与……有牵连”。
His concern was that people would know that he was responsible.
他担心大家会知道是他的责任。
Without her care and concern,he had no chance at all.
若非她的关心和照顾,他根本没有机会。
(2019北京卷)I voiced my biggest concern to my mother.
我把我最大的担忧告诉了我妈妈。
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【词汇拓展】
concerning prep. 关于
concerned adj.有关的;关心的
have/feel/show concern about/for/over...对……关心/担忧
be concerned about=be worried about 关心;挂念
as far as sb/sth be concerned 就……而言
She has deep concern for the safety of the children.　
她深深地关心儿童的安全问题。
As far as I’m concerned,I can’t object to your marriage.
就我而言,我不反对你们的婚姻。
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1.Embarrassed and ashamed,I can’t concentrate on anything.
我感觉既尴尬又羞愧,不能把注意力集中到任何事情上。
【句式剖析】形容词化的过去分词作状语,表示状态,修饰句子的主语。
Dressed in white,she looked really pretty.
穿着白色衣服,她看起来确实很美。
【句式拓展】
(1)形容词化的过去分词作状语,表示伴随,可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。
Overjoyed,they rushed to the front.
他们非常高兴疾步跑到前边。
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(2)形容词作原因状语,通常放在句首。
Thirsty and eager to get a little rest,he went into the tea-house and seated himself at a little table.
因为非常渴,并且迫切想要休息一下,他进了茶室坐在了小桌子旁。
(3)形容词作结果状语,一般位于句末。
They returned from war,safe and sound.
他们安然无恙地从战争中归来。
(4)形容词作让步状语,位于句首,也可以位于句尾。
Old and young,the peasants are busy with autumn harvest.无论年轻的还是年长的,所有的农民们都在忙着秋收。
(5)形容词作时间状语
Glad,I sing an English song.
高兴的时候,我就唱首英文歌。
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2.Approached in this way,your friendship will soon be repaired.
用这种方法来解决,你们的友谊很快就会被修复。
【句式剖析】过去分词作状语。approach 与句子主语your friendship之间是动宾关系,所以用Approached。
Given more attention,the accident could have been avoided.
如果多注意一些,这次事故本来能避免。
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【句式拓展】
分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句,如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词。有时为了强调,分词前可带连词when,while,if,though,as if,unless等,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。
Working hard (If you work hard),you will succeed.
如果你努力,你会成功的。
Defeated (Though he was defeated),he remained a popular boxer.
虽然他被击败了,但他仍然是一个受欢迎的拳击手。
Once (it is)seen,it will not be forgotten.
一旦被看见,就不会被忘记。
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Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
单词拼写
1.　　　　　(水蒸气)rose from the boiling kettle.?
答案:Steam
2.If a tooth feels very　　　　　(松的), your dentist may recommend that it should be taken out.?
答案:loose
3.Why should I say sorry when it’s not my 　　　　　(过错,过失)??
答案:fault
4.Yesterday’s meeting was intended to plot a survival　　　　　(策略) for the party.?
答案:strategy
5.The rise in inflation is a clear　　　　　(信号) that the government’s policies are not working.?
答案:signal
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
翻译句子
1.我实在是太无聊了,我决定到院子去透透气。 (take a breath)
答案:I was so bored that I decided to go to the yard to take a breath of fresh air.
2.我不在这儿工作,我现在只是来帮忙的。(help out)
答案:I don’t work here.I just help out at the moment.
3.你要是不尽力做好你的工作,我们便换人。 (pull one’s weight)
答案:If you don’t pull your weight,we will replace you.
4.饥寒交迫,那个小女孩不停地哭泣。(cold and hungry)
答案:Cold and hungry, that little girl kept crying.
5.种植在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子长得很快。 (grow)
答案:Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
概要写作
根据P2-P3课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
参考范文:
I was a member of our basketball team.The point guard let us down.It was like he wasn’t even on the court! I said this to my best friend, but he told everyone else what I had said.I felt embarrassed and ashamed, and asked the agony aunt for help.She gave me some suggestions.
(共51张PPT)
Section B　Using language
Ⅰ.知识体系图解
annoyed
adjust
duty
accident
core
ensure
complexity
forgive
annoyed
embarrassment
偶然,意外地
对……感到满足,满意
看不起,蔑视
保持沉默　
适应
担心
与 ……相处
请求
Ⅱ.释义匹配
1.annoyed　　　A.to stop feeling angry with sb who has done sth to harm you
2.adjust B.to be careful or certain to do something
3.ensure C.the state of being complicated
4.complexity D.slightly angry
5.forgive E.to adapt or conform oneself to new or different conditions
答案:1.D　2.E　3.B　4.C　5.A
Ⅲ.找出句子中画线词的逻辑主语
1.Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful.　　?
2.Born in a poor family, Jane had only two years of schooling.　　?
3.The cup fell down to the ground,broken.　　?
4.Given more time, he can do it better.　　?
5.Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it.　　?
6.Supported by the nurse, the patient got off the bed.　　?
7.The hunter walked slowly into the forest,followed by his dog.　　?
8.When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.　　?
the park
Jane
The cup
he
he
the patient
The hunter
you
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1.水加热后会变成蒸汽。
2.当有人问他怎么闯进屋里来时,他一声不吭。
3.由于被电影深深打动,我们都哭了。
4.出生于贫苦家庭,他只上了两年学。
5.如果给我们的帮助多一些,我们本来能把这项工作做得更好。
答案:1.When heated,water will be turned into steam.
2.Asked how he broke into the room, he made no answer.
3.Deeply moved by the film, we all cried.
4.Born into a poor family, he had no more than two years of schooling.
5.Given more help, we could have done the work better.
重点词汇
重点句式
1.look down on 看不起,轻视,蔑视
【课文原句】They would look down on her.
他们会看不起她。
【词汇精讲】look down on 在句中意为“看不起,轻视,蔑视”。有时也用look down upon。反义词组为 look up to,意为“敬仰,钦佩,仰慕”。
You shouldn’t look down on someone else because he is poor.不要因为别人穷而看不起他。
You’re a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of the younger ones look up to you.
你很受大家欢迎,格雷丝,很多比你小的孩子都很崇拜你。
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【词汇拓展】
look after 照顾,照料
look ahead 向前看,着眼未来
look as if 看上去好像
look around/about 四处看看,四下环顾
look back 回头看;回顾
look forward to 盼望,期待
look into 观察;调查
look on 旁观,观望
look on...as...把……看作……
look out 当心,小心,留神
look through 浏览,翻阅,温习,仔细查看;透过……看
look up 查寻,查阅;抬头看
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It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来好像要下雨了。
If you look back, you will think about things that happened in the past.
如果你回顾过去,你就会想到很多发生在过去的事情。
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2.adjust v.调整,调节;适应,(使)习惯
【课文原句】When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.
当莱利搬到新的城市的时候,她很难使自己适应新的环境。
【词汇精讲】句中adjust 是动词,意为“(使)适应;(使)习惯”,常用短语为“adjust to”。adjust 也有“调整,调节”的意思,为及物动词。
Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.当心急转弯并相应调整车速。
You’ll quickly adjust yourself to student life.
你将很快适应学生生活。
After a while his eyes adjusted to the dark.
过了一会儿他的眼睛习惯了黑暗。
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【词汇拓展】
adjust to (doing) sth 适应(做)某事
adjust oneself (to) sth (使)适应
well-adjusted adj.完全适应环境的
adjustable adj.可调整的,可调节的
adjustment n.调整,调节;适应
make adjustment适应,调整
In regard to this situation, we have to be careful and make adjustment against this problem with appropriate countermeasures.
对此,我们不得不谨慎,需要针对这个问题找出相应的对策来进行调整。
Spray systems are adjustable and can cover areas anywhere from one foot to fifteen.
喷雾系统可调节并可以任意覆盖1—15英尺的区域。
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【易混辨析】
adjust,adapt和fit
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3.accident n.事故,意外
【课文原句】Sadness wants to do her duty but by accident causes the loss of Riley’s happy core memories with Joy.
悲伤想承担自己的责任,可是无意间造成了莱利核心快乐记忆的丢失。
【词汇精讲】句中accident 是名词,意为“事故,意外事件,偶然因素”。by accident 意为“偶然,意外地”,在句中作状语。
I found it by accident.我是无意中找到它的。
She was involved in a serious car accident last week.
她上个星期卷入了一场严重的车祸。
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【词汇拓展】
accidental adj.意外的;偶然的;附属的
without accident 平安无事地
It is no accident that... ……绝非偶然
【易混辨析】
accident n.事故,意外事件。traffic accident 交通事故。
incident 一般指小事件、小事故。
event 一般指大的事件、活动或大型运动项目。
I am sure he ignored you by accident and not by design.我想他没理你是无意而不是有意。
That night passed without accident.一夜平安无事。
It is no accident that men fill most of the top jobs.
大多数高级职位由男性承担绝非偶然。
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4.ensure v. 确保,保证
【课文原句】Worried about her, Joy and Sadness try to work together to ensure she gets her core memories back.
快乐和悲伤非常担心莱利, 试图齐心协力确保她把核心记忆找回来。
【词汇精讲】句中ensure是及物动词,意为“确保,保证”,相当于make sure,后边直接跟名词或句子。
We must ensure that all patients have access to high quality care.
我们必须确保所有的病人都能够得到高质量的护理。
In order to ensure success we must have a complete and thorough plan.
为了保证成功,我们必须要有一个完整并周密的计划。
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【词汇拓展】
★词汇辨析
ensure, insure和assure 均来自拉丁文“securus”,意思是“使变得安全或确保”。因此这三个有相同词根的词,意义非常接近。
(1)assure 表示向某人保证某事一定会发生(内含有让某人放心之意,以消除疑虑)。
assure sb of sth 使某人对某事物确信无疑
assure sb that+从句 向某人保证
(2)ensure “确定,保证”,确保某种行为一定会发生。
ensure sth /ensure that+从句 确保,保证……
(3)insure 意思是为防不测,向保险公司付钱投保。
He assured us of his ability to solve the problem.
他向我们保证他有能力解决这个问题。
I will ensure that the car arrives by six o’clock.
我保证汽车六点钟以前到。
My house is insured against fire.我的房子投保了火险。
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5.complexity n. 复杂性,错综复杂
【课文原句】Accepting sadness as part of life helps Riley deal with the emotional complexity of growing up,and settle down in her new life.
把悲伤看作生活的一部分,有助于莱利去处理成长中的情感的复杂问题,并在她的新生活中安定下来。
【词汇精讲】complexity 名词,意为“复杂性,错综复杂”。反义词为simplicity “简易,天真”。
The matter was one of fantastic complexity.
这一工作的复杂性简直难以想象。
We appreciate the complexity of the situation.
我们理解局势的复杂性。
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【词汇拓展】
complex adj. 复杂的,复合的 n.综合楼群,联合企业
a new apartment complex 一座新综合公寓大楼
an industrial complex consisting of ten manufacturing plants拥有10家制造厂的联合工业企业
have a complex about... 对……有情结
I used to have a complex about my looks.
我以前总是纠结于自己的长相。
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6.forgive v.原谅
【课文原句】Try to forgive someone when they apologise.当他们道歉的时候尽量去原谅他们。
【词汇精讲】 forgive 及物动词,意为“原谅”,过去式forgave, 过去分词forgiven。
Forgive me.I don’t mean to insult you.
请原谅我,我不是有意侮辱你。
I do hope you’ll forgive me but I’ve got to leave.
我真的希望你能原谅我,不过我得走了。
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【词汇拓展】
forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事
forgive sb for doing sth 原谅某人做了某事
forgive and forget不念旧恶;不记仇
The pain was acute, and I couldn’t forgive Danny for leaving me.痛苦是剧烈的,我不能原谅丹尼离我而去。
It is virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.不记仇是一种美德,特别是在这样一个竞争激烈、压力重重的社会中。
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7.get along with 与……相处
【课文原句】I can tell he is not easy to get along with.
我能看出他不容易相处。
【词汇精讲】get along with在句中意为“与……相处”,“与 ……相处得好”是get along/on well with。
I think I’m relatively easy to get along with.
我认为自己相对比较容易相处。
It’s impossible to get along with him.
根本无法跟他和睦相处。
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【词汇拓展】
get about 徘徊,走动
get accustomed to 习惯于
get across 被传达;被理解
get away 离开,逃脱
get down to 认真对待
get off 从……下来;脱下(衣服)
get over 恢复
get rid of 除去,摆脱
get through 到达,完成
get together 积聚,积累
get used to 习惯于
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It’ll be fine once you get accustomed to using it.
一旦你用惯了就好了。
Officers felt their point of view was not getting across to ministers.
官员们感觉自己的观点并未准确地传达到大臣们那里。
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1.When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.
当莱利搬到新城市的时候,她很难使自己适应新的环境。
【句式剖析】这是“have a hard time doing”结构,意为“做某事情很困难”。也可以说“have a hard time in doing”。
We will have a hard time getting justice.
我们将很难获得公正。
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【句式拓展】
have difficulty (in) doing做某事情很困难
have trouble (in) doing做某事有麻烦
have fun (in) doing做某事有意思(有趣)
have a good time doing玩得开心,过得愉快
I have difficulty (in) understanding what he says.
我要理解他说的话有困难。
We had great fun comparing our baby pictures.
我们觉得比较宝宝的照片这件事很有趣。
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2.It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ(intelligence quotient) in people’s lives.
据说,在人们生活中情商比智商更重要。
【句式剖析】It is believed that...是主语从句,真正的主语是that引导的从句。that在主语从句中不作任何成分,没有任何意思,但是不可以省略。
It is believed that the couple have left the country.
人们相信那对夫妇已经离开了这个国家。
It is believed that you will succeed in the end.
人们认为你最终会成功。
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【句式拓展】常见的这类结构有:
It is said that... 据说……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is decided that... 已经决定……
It is suggested that... 有人建议……
It is advised that... 有人建议……
It is ordered that... 根据命令……
It is thought that... 有人认为……
It is considered that... 人们认为……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is expected that... 人们预料……
It is announced that... 已宣布……
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It is reported that more than thirty miners were buried in the mine.
据报道30多位矿工被埋矿中。
It is generally considered that women live longer than men.人们普遍认为女人比男人长寿。
It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out this experiment.
据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这项实验。
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3.If possible, suggest an alternative—How about next week?
如果可能的话,可以建议另外一种选择方式——下周怎么样?
【句式剖析】句中“if possible”是省略句,表示“如果可能的话”,完整的形式:if it is possible。
I need to see you right away,if possible.
如果可能的话,我要马上见你。
It is always best to choose organically grown foods if possible.
如果可能,最好还是挑选有机食品。
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【句式拓展】由 when,while,as,before, after,till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句,由whether,if,unless 等引导的条件状语从句,由 though,although,even if,whatever等引导的让步状语从句,由 as,than 等引导的比较状语从句,由as, as if,as though 等引导的方式状语从句,上述状语从句在省略时,遵循下面原则:
(1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be 。
Once (he was)a worker,he now becomes a famous singer.他曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。
Work hard when (you are) young,or you’ll regret.
趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。
He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something.他到处看似乎在找什么东西。
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.这次展览比预料的有趣得多。
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(2)当从句的主语是 it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。
Unless (it is) necessary,you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。
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一、过去分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等,可以转化成相应的状语从句。例如:
1.表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后,他决定献身于党的事业。
2.表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。
3.表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句,有时过去分词前可用if等词。
Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。
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4.表示让步,相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
尽管被许多人嘲笑,他还是继续他的研究。
5.表示方式或伴随情况。
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.
我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。
6.过去分词无论作什么状语,其逻辑主语应是主句的主语。
【误】Seen from the mountain, we found the building is very small.
【正】Seen from the mountain, the building is very small.
【误】Written carelessly, he made a serious mistake in the letter.
【正】Written carelessly, the letter had a serious mistake.
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二、现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较
不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语,如果单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句,如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词。有时为了强调,分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如:
Working hard (If you work hard), you will succeed some day.
如果你努力,某天你会成功的。
If merely drawn on your imagination, the report will not be convincing.
假若仅靠你的想象去写,报告是不会有说服力的。
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三、分词的独立结构
1.分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则,分词必须有自己的主语,这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构,或叫独立主格。在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。例如:
The project finished, they had two weeks’ leave.
完成那个计划后,他们休了两周假。
2.独立结构有时也可以用“with/without + 名词(或代词的宾语)+ 分词”的结构,表示伴随状况。例如:
They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixed on the lake.他们静静地坐在那里,眼睛看着湖面。
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单词拼写
1.In Chapter Five, it explains how to e　　　　 the quality in Accounting Market.?
答案:ensure
2.Irene f　　　　Terry for stealing her money.?
答案:forgave
3.Would he get a　　　　 if I told him about it??
答案:annoyed
4.This increases the c　　　　 of administration.?
答案:complexity
5.I consider it my d　　　　 to write to you and thank you.?
答案:duty
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6.A policeman a　　　　 killed his two best friends with a single bullet.?
答案:accidentally
7.We apologise for any e　　　　 this may have caused.?
答案:embarrassment
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1.Inspired by her example, the League members worked even harder.?
=?
答案:Because they were inspired by her example, the League members worked even harder.
2.The children soon fell asleep,exhausted by the journey.?
=?
答案:The children soon fell asleep, because they were exhausted by the journey.
3. Once published, this dictionary will be very popular!?
=?
答案:Once it is published, this dictionary will be very popular!
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4.United, we stand; divided, we fall.
=?
答案:If we are united, we stand;If we are divided, we fall.
5.Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder.?
=?
答案:Though the players were beaten by the opposite team,they were not discouraged and practiced even harder.
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语法填空
Rice 1.　　　　　 (believe) to have been first grown in China or possibly somewhere else in eastern Asia around 10,000 years ago.
2.　　　　　 earliest evidence of rice farming comes from a 7,000-year-old site near the lower Yangtze River village of Hemudu in Zhejiang Province in China.?
Rice is a kind of food which requires much labour.In developed countries, the planting and harvesting is done 3. 　　　　　(most) with machines.However, in much of the world, these things are still largely done by hand.It takes one farmer 1,000 to 2,000 working hours 4. 　　 　　　(raise) a rice crop on 2.5 acres of land.The fact that rice needs so much labour means 5.　　　　　(keep) a lot of the population on the land.?
is believed
The
mostly
to raise.keeping
keeping
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Rice is also a crop 6.　　　　　need of lots of water.The wet rice grown in most of Asia needs hot weather after a period of rain and conditions provided by the 7.　　　　　(rain) seasons affect many of the places 8.　　　　　rice is grown.?
Rice straws (稻秆) 9.　　　　　 (leave) in the fields add nutrients (营养物) to the soil after rice is harvested.For the next crop, rice farmers can often enjoy a good harvest by adding little 10.　　　　　 no fertilizer.?
in
rainy
where
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or
(共13张PPT)
单元重点小结
主题语境
学校生活
课 标 要 求
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1.let off steam 发泄怒火,宣泄情绪　
let out发出(叫声等);泄露　
let...in 让……进来;放进　
let go (of)放开;放手;释放　
let down使失望;辜负　
let alone更不用说;听任;不打扰
2.agony n.痛楚,苦难　
in agony = in pain处于痛苦中　
agony aunt知心阿姨　
agony column=advice column知心专栏
agonize v.(对某事物)极度忧虑或担心　
agonize about/over对……焦虑/苦恼　
agonized adj.十分痛苦的　agonizing adj.令人痛苦的
3.sink v.使(船)沉没　
sink n.洗涤池,洗碗槽,水槽　
sink v.(日、月)下落;(头、目光等)下垂;消沉,陷入　
sink into 陷入
4.breath n.呼出的气　breathe v.呼吸　breathless adj.气喘吁吁的　breathe in 吸气　
breathe out 呼气　
take a deep breath 深吸一口气 　
out of breath 气喘吁吁,上气不接下气　
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
5.concern n.忧虑,担心　concerning prep. 关于　concerned adj.有关的;关心的　
have/feel/show concern about/for/over... 对……关心/担忧　
be concerned about=be worried about 关心;挂念　
as far as sb/sth be concerned 就……而言
6.look down on 看不起,轻视,蔑视　
look after 照顾,照料　
look ahead 向前看,着眼未来　
look as if 看上去好像　
look around/about 四处看看,四下环顾　
look back 回头看;回顾　
look forward to 盼望,期待　
look into 观察;调查　
look on 旁观,观望　
look on...as...把……看作……　
look out 当心,小心,留神　
look through 浏览,翻阅,温习,仔细查看;透过……看　
look up 查寻,查阅;抬头看
7.adjust v.调整,调节;适应,(使)习惯　
adjust to (doing) sth 适应(做)某事　
adjust oneself (to) sth (使)适应　
well-adjusted adj.完全适应环境的
adjustable adj.可调整的,可调节的　adjustment n.调整,调节;适应　make adjustment适应,调整
8.accident n.事故,意外事件,偶然因素　accidental adj.意外的;偶然的;附属的　
without accident 平安无事地　
It is no accident that... ……绝非偶然
9.ensure v. 确保,保证
10.complexity n. 复杂性,错综复杂　complex adj. 复杂的,复合的 n.综合楼群,联合企业　
a new apartment complex 一座新综合公寓大楼
11.forgive v.原谅　
forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事　
forgive sb for doing sth 原谅某人做了某事　
forgive and forget不念旧恶;不记仇
12.get along with 与……相处　
get about 徘徊,走动　
get accustomed to 习惯于　
get across 被传达;被理解　
get away 离开,逃脱　
get down to 认真对待　
get off 从……下来;脱下(衣服)　
get over 恢复　
get rid of 除去,摆脱　
get through 到达,完成　
get together 积聚,积累　
get used to 习惯于
13.weave v.编,织　
weave your magic 使人入迷　
weave in and out迂回穿行　
weave your way through 在……中穿行
weaver 织布工
14.protect...from 保护……使免受……　
protection n.保护　
environmental protection 环境保护　
fire/flood/sun protection 防火/防洪/防晒　
under the protection of 在……的保护之下　
protective adj.保护的,给予保护的　
defend sb/sth from 保护……不受　
prevent...from... 阻止,预防,防止
15.justify v.证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理 ;为……辩护　
be justified by...……被证明是合理的;理由是……　
justify oneself 为自己辩解　
justified adj.有合理解释的,有正当理由的
16.frank adj.坦率的,坦诚的,直言不讳的　frankly adv.坦白说,坦率地说　
to be frank 坦白说,坦率地说　
be frank with sb 坦白跟某人讲　
be frank about sth 坦率地说
17.tear n.眼泪,泪水　tearful adj.哭泣的,含泪的,快要哭的　
burst into tears 突然哭起来　
tear down 扯下;拆毁　
tear up 撕碎;拔起　
tear...into pieces 把……撕成碎片　
tear...open 把……撕开
18.independent adj.独立的　independence n.独立,自主　gain/achieve/win independence 取得/获得/赢得独立　
independently adv.独立地　
be independent of 不依赖independent school 私立学校
重点句式
1.Embarrassed and ashamed,I can’t concentrate on anything.
2.When Riley moves to a new city,she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings.
3.It is believed that EQ plays an even more important role than IQ(intelligence quotient) in people’s lives.
4.If possible,suggest an alternative—How about next week?
5.However,when we lie and say that someone’s haircut looks good,or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate,are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else?
6.The more independent you are,the better your life will be.
7.After repeating this process a few times,they eventually found the ideal distance where they could feel warm while managing not to hurt each other.
重点语法
过去分词作状语
1.Deeply moved by the story,the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
激动的人们被那个故事深深地感动了,停止了争吵。
2.Given another chance,he will do better.再给他一次机会,他会做得更好。
3.Seated at the table,my father and I were talking about my job.
我和父亲在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。