译林高中英语模块三Unit 3 Back to the past句型复习（共58张PPT）

(共58张PPT)
M3,U3句型复习
句型复习五要素
Some of them have disappeared, while others remain today.(41)
它们有的已经完全消失了，而其他的保存至今。
Many students got embarrassed and even angry when this happened, while others changed their opinions.(59)
发生这样的情况，许多学生感到尴尬甚至生气，而其余的改变了他们的观点。

1. While作并列连词

原句再现
While作并列连词连接两个对等的分句，用于强调两种情况、活动的区别，表示“然而，但是，却”。
e.g. That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.那个地区自然资源丰富，而这个地区却一点也没有。

句型分析

1）While作从属连词可以表示“当……时”，“在……期间”，从句中使用可延续性动词（不可使用短暂性动词或终止性动词）。
e.g. They arrived while we were having dinner.我们吃晚饭时他们到了。
2）While作从属连词可以表示“虽然”，“尽管”，相当于although/ though.此时，while从句通常放到主句前面。e.g. While she is a likeable girl, she can be extremely difficult to work with.她虽然是一个可爱的女孩，但有时很难与她共事。
3）While作从属连词表示“只要”，相当于as long as.
e.g. While there is life, there is hope.只要活着就有希望。
4）在while, when, if, although等引导的时间或者条件状语从句中，如果主从两句主语一致，且从句中谓语动词是be动词，可以省去从句中的主语和谓语动词。
e.g. While （you are）playing table tennis, you judge the speed and direction of the ball and hit it back where it comes from.在打乒乓球的时候，你判断球的速度和方向，把它打回原处。


拓展延伸


不要把while作从属连词的用法和作并列连词的用法混淆起来。
判断正误：
1.（ ）While they arrived, we were having dinner.
2.（ ）I love him while I admit he is not a perfect person.
3.（ ）While walking in the street, I heard someone calling me.


误区提示


1.（ F ）While they arrived, we were having dinner.
解析：While作从属连词可以表示“当……时”，“在……期间”，从句中不可使用短暂性动词或终止性动词。
2.（ F ）I love him while I admit he is not a perfect person.
解析：While作从属连词可以表示“虽然”，“尽管”时，while从句放到主句前面。所以应当改成：While I admit he is not a perfect person, I love him.
3.（ T ）While walking in the street, I heard someone calling me.
解析：在while, when, if, although等引导的时间或者条件状语从句中，如果主从两句主语一致，且从句中谓语动词是be动词，可以省去从句中的主语和谓语动词。此处原句为：While I was walking in the street, I heard someone calling me.


误区提示


While作为并列连词可用于呈现群体在观点、态度、行为、习惯等方面的差异或分歧。

翻译（关于阅读）：
根据最近的一项调查，以色列人（Israeli）年均读书64本，而中国年人均读书不到五本。
According to a latest survey, the Israeli read as many as 64 books per person every year, while in China the number is lower than 5.?
?


写作点拨


Many people were buried alive, and so was the city.(42)许多人被活埋了，这座城市也是如此。


2. So表示替代


句型分析
本句中so表示替代，即“也”，代替前一个分句所描绘的情况，谓语动词通常与前句保持一致。
e.g. Riding bicycles and working out in the gym count, and so do school sports.骑自行车和在体操馆健身重要，学校的运动也重要。
原句再现
1）So表示肯定性替代，而否定性替代用neither, nor+倒装句。
e.g. The disaster didn’t kill us. Neither did it defeat us.这场灾难没有夺取我们的生命，也没有夺取我们的意志。
2）当前一个分句既有肯定又有否定，或者出现两个以上的谓语动词时，要表示“某人的情况也是如此”，则后一个分句使用so it is with…或者it’s the same with…
e.g. His father fought against epidemic in Wuhan last month and is now back for a rest. So it is with his mother./ It’s the same with his mother.他的父亲上个月在武汉抗疫现在回来休息。他的母亲也是如此。
3）So表示对前一个分句的情况进行强调时，不使用倒装。
e.g. --- Doctors and nurses are worthy of our respect. 医生和护士值得我们尊敬。
--- So they are.他们的确如此。


拓展延伸


1）注意在主从复合句中so的时态。
翻译：如果你申请去湖北，我也会去。
If you apply to go to Hubei, so will I.
此句中if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。
2）注意so在表示替代和强调的时候都是副词，不要把它用作连词。
判断正误：
1.（ ）If you go, so do I.
2.（ ）I went to Loulan for a travel last year, so did three of my colleagues.


误区提示


判断正误：
（ F ）If you go, so do I.
解析：在if引导的条件状语从句中，从句如果用一般现在时，主句通常用一般将来时。此句改成：If you go, so will I.
（ F ）I went to Loulan for a travel last year, so did three of my colleagues.
解析：so表示替代的时候是副词，不要把它用作连词。此句改成：I went to Loulan for a travel last year, and so did three of my colleagues.或者：I went to Loulan for a travel last year. So did three of my colleagues.



误区提示


在书面表达中，恰当地运用so来描写两种相同的现象，可以使句子生动不单调。

翻译（关于健康）：
要防控新冠病毒，戴口罩和勤洗手都很重要。
To prevent and control new coronavirus, wearing a mask counts, and so does washing your hands frequently.



写作点拨


It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty space in the ash.(43)
结果，在火山灰覆盖了未能逃离城市的人们后，他们的尸体几乎烧化并且消失了，在灰烬中只留下人形空当。
Unfortunately, it turned out that I had left my water bottle in the hotel.(48)
不幸的是，我结果把水瓶丢在宾馆里了。?

3. It turns out that…

原句再现
在朗文词典上，turn out的英文解释是：to happen in a particular way, or to have a particular result, especially one that you did not expect中文释义是：以特别的方式发生，或者结果特殊，尤其是你起初没有料到的结果。Turn out通常翻译为“最后结果是……”，“最终结果是……”，用作连系动词，后面接表语。
It turns out that…通常被看作主语从句，it作形式主语，也有语法书认为它是表语从句，更多表示出乎意料的结果。
e.g. I had thought it would rain, but it turned out that the sun was hanging up in the sky.我本来以为会下雨，但是结果太阳高高地挂在空中。


句型分析


在本课，我们还学到了As it turns out,…这是一个非限制性定语从句，as代表整个主句，在从句中作表语。
e.g. We had a sleepless night because of a strange noise. As it turned out, it was a snake that disturbed us at night.我们因为一个奇怪的声音一夜无眠。结果，晚上骚扰我们的是一条蛇。
e.g. The boss of the company seems to care much about her. As it turns out, he is her uncle.公司的老板看起来非常关心她。结果发现，老板是她的叔叔。


拓展延伸


1）It turns out that…结构中，turn out不能使用被动形式。
2）As it turns out是非限制性定语从句，不要再加that.


误区提示


在书面表达中，使用It turns out that…或者As it turns out, …结构来呈现一个意想不到的结果，可以让表述的现象或者问题更加令人印象深刻。

翻译（关于阅读）：
人们习惯于这里读一点，那里读一点。结果发现，碎片式阅读（fragmented reading）对人的思维发展有副作用。
People are used to reading bits here and there. It turns out that fragmented reading has side effect on the development of thinking.


写作点拨


原句再现（一）
Today, I saw the ancient Roman city of Pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.(42)
今天我见到了罗马庞贝古城，就跟它两千年前一模一样。
When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days.(42)
当我在城市中漫步，我看到城市保持原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了。?
句型分析（一）
此处as作为方式状语从句的引导词，表示“像……一样”，“正如……”。
e.g. I have changed it as you suggested before.
我已经按照你以前的建议把它改了。


4. As引导从句
原句再现（二）
This means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied, as they are often very old.(47)
这意味着，这些东西必须仔细检查和研究，因为它们通常相当古旧。
句型分析（二）
此处as作为状语从句的连接词，表示原因。
e.g. As my brother was too weak to walk, we had to hire a car.
由于我的兄弟太虚弱走不动，我们不得不租了辆车。


4. As引导从句
原句再现（三）
As you know, China has achieved a lot in archaeology in the past sixty years.(47)
你知道，过去六十年中国在考古方面的成就很大。
I often wondered why the people of Pompeii did not run away before the volcano erupted. As it turns out, they did not know what a volcano was.(45)
我经常想，为什么庞贝的人们不在火山爆发前逃走。结果是，他们并不知道火山是什么。
句型分析（三）
此处as作为非限制性定语从句的关系代词，代替整个主句。
4. As引导从句
As还可以作以下从句的引导词：
1. 时间状语从句，翻译成“当……的时候”，一般表示主从两句的动作同时发生。
e.g. As time went on, Jim became aware of the importance of friendship.
随着时间的流逝，Jim开始意识到友谊的重要性。
2. 比较状语从句，翻译成“与……一样”。
e.g. Martin was as impatient as he was stubborn.
Martin既没有耐心，又固执。


拓展延伸


（3） 让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，其表语、状语甚至谓语动词前置。
e.g. Child as he is, he knows how to handle her emotion.
尽管是个孩子，他知道如何控制自己的情绪。
e.g. Clever as the boy is, he is always forgetting to study
尽管这个男孩很聪明，他总是忘了学习。
e.g. Much as I admire him as a poet, I don’t like him as a man.
尽管我非常钦佩作为诗人的他，我却不欣赏其为人。
e.g. Try as you will, you won’t manage it.
尽管你会努力，你不会成功的。


拓展延伸


As引导的原因状语从句不可用于强调结构。
As引导的非限制性定语从句中，as作主语、宾语或者表语。
只有在表语、状语甚至动词前置的情况下，as才可以引导让步状语从句。


误区提示


判断正误：
（ ）As it is known, China has the largest population in the world.
（ ）It was as he was in a hurry that he knocked into a tree.
（ ）As he was a child, he knew a lot about the world.
（ ）Much of Suzhou remains the same as it was 2500 years ago.



误区提示


判断正误：
（ F ）As it is known, China has the largest population in the world.
解析：As引导的非限制性定语从句中，as代替China has the largest population in the world,在句中可以直接作主语，不需要加it，可以改成：As is known, China has the largest population in the world.或者It is known that China has the largest population in the world.


误区提示


判断正误：
2. （ F ）It was as he was in a hurry that he knocked into a tree.
解析：As引导的原因状语从句不可用于强调结构。应当把as改成because.
3. （ F ）As he was a child, he knew a lot about the world.
解析：只有在表语、状语甚至动词前置的情况下，as才可以引导让步状语从句。本句应当改成：Although/ Though he was a child, he knew a lot about the world.或者Child as he was, he knew a lot about the world.
4. （ T ）Much of Suzhou remains the same as it was 2500 years ago.
解析：这是由as引导的方式状语从句。
?


误区提示


As引导的定语从句在书面表达中运用比较多，用于阐述一般常识、展示调查结果等；as far as I am concerned等结构可以表示个人观点。
翻译（关于健康）：
1. 众所周知，中国在控制病毒蔓延方面作出了巨大的牺牲。
2. 就我个人来看，这次危机还没有根本改变一些恶习，比如乱扔垃圾、随地吐痰。
3. 从图表可以看出，目前国外感染者数量急剧增长。


写作点拨


1. 众所周知，中国在控制病毒蔓延方面作出了巨大的牺牲。
As is known to all, China has made great sacrifice in stopping the virus from spreading widely.
2. 就我个人来看，这次危机还没有根本改变一些恶习，比如乱扔垃圾、随地吐痰。
As far as I am concerned, this crisis has not fundamentally changed some people’s bad habits, such as littering around and spitting in public.
3. 从图表可以看出，目前国外感染病毒的人数急剧增长。
As can be seen from the chart, the number of infectors outside China has increased sharply.


写作点拨


原句再现
Near the city was a volcano.(42)
在城市附近是一座火山。
句型分析
这是一个介词短语或者趋向副词放在句首的完全倒装句。
e.g. At the foot of the street lies a small village.在山脚下是一个小村。
The door opened and in came Mr. Smith, the headmaster.门开了，校长Smith先生走了进来。
5.介词短语或趋向副词放在句首的
完全倒装句
完全倒装还有两种情况：
引语前置。在引用别人的话的时候。
e.g. “You are a terrible journalist,” said Trump to a CNN reporter.
“你真是个糟糕的记者。”特朗普对CNN一位记者说。
2）表语前置。
e.g. Present at the meeting are five professors of Beijing University.
今天出席会议的有北京大学的五位教授。


拓展延伸


1. 在介词短语或趋向副词放在句首的倒装句中，如果主语是人称代词，句子不倒装。
e.g. --- Here is a gift for you.给你一份礼物。
--- Thank you. Where is it?谢谢，在哪里呢？
--- Here it is.在这里。
2. 无论是完全倒装，还是部分倒装，一般都只有一个动词放到主语前面。


误区提示


在记叙文或者议论文中，适当使用倒装句，可以使句子生动。如果能把倒装句和其他从句融合则更好。但是，不宜使用过于夸张的倒装句，比如：We must respect our parents. Only in this way can we create a harmonious relationship.此句就过于绝对。
翻译（植树造林）：
1. 我们来到一个小山村，旁边是一条小河。
2. 我们树立了一个木板，上面写着：“爱护树林”。


写作点拨


翻译：
1. 我们来到一个小山村，旁边是一条小河。
We came to a small mountain village, nearby which was a small river.
2. 我们树立了一个木板，上面写着：“爱护树林”。
We put up a board, on which was written, “Take care of woods.”


写作点拨


原句再现
The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand— what a pity!(43)
这个沙漠曾经是一个大树参天的绿地，但是树木被砍伐了，这就导致了这座城市逐渐被沙子埋葬——多遗憾啊！
The attack led to the US entering the Second World War.(55)
袭击导致美国参加了二战。

6.lead to/ result in sb. doing sth.

该句的句型为lead to/ result in sb. doing sth.，但是不要把它们看作是固定短语。此处sb. doing sth.作lead to/ result in的宾语，是动名词所有格one’s doing sth.的变体。在第二单元，我们也学到了类似的句子：
However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic.
然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。

句型分析
上学期，我们也学到过类似的结构。其特点为：vi.+介词+sb./ one’s doing sth.作其宾语。
e.g. The school doesn’t approve of our/ us using mobile phones during study time.
学校不赞同我们在学习时间使用手机。
e.g. He often dreamed of there being enough food on the table.
他经常梦想桌上有足够的食物。


拓展延伸


Lead to sb. doing sth.和lead sb. to do sth.不是一回事。前者意为“导致某人做某事”，相当于result in sb. doing sth.,sb. doing sth.是one’s doing sth.的变体，本质上是动名词的复合结构；后者意为“使得某人做某事”或者“领某人做某事”，是动词+复合宾语，to do sth.作宾语补足语。
e.g. The experience led me to believe that the world is mostly made of kind people.这次经历使我相信，世界上还是好人多。


误区提示


原句再现
It is believed to have been gradually covered by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.(43)
人们相信，它（楼兰）在公元200到400年逐渐被沙尘所覆盖。
On the World Heritage List put out by UNESCO, altogether there are about 900 World Heritage sites, which are considered to have extraordinary value to human civilizations. (46)
在联合国教科文组织公布的世界遗产名录上，总共有900个世界遗产遗址，它们被认为对人类文明有非同寻常的价值。
7. Be +过去分词+ to do sth.
think, believe, suppose, expect, know, say, report, consider等可以用于被动形式+动词不定式，不定式的形式有一般式to do, 进行式to be doing和完成式to have done等。上学期我们也已经学习过类似的结构。
The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
= It’s said that the Yeti is a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说野人身材魁梧且浑身长毛，像人一样直立行走。

句型分析
Sb. + be 过去分词+ to do sth.结构和It is过去分词 that..结构不要混淆，比如不要说成Sb. + be 过去分词+ that…
句型转换：
1. It’s reported that he has gone abroad.
He is reported _________ ________ ________ abroad.
2. People believe that he is living a much happier life.
He is believed ________ ________ ________ a much happier life.


误区提示


Sb. + be 过去分词+ to do sth.结构和It is过去分词 that..结构不要混淆，比如不要说成Sb. + be 过去分词+ that…
句型转换：
1. It’s reported that he has gone abroad.
He is reported _________ ________ ________ abroad.
2. People believe that he is living a much happier life.
He is believed ________ ________ ________ a much happier life.


误区提示


to have gone
to be living
原句再现
It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty space in the ash.(43)
结果，在火山灰覆盖了未能逃离城市的人们后，他们的尸体几乎烧化并且消失了，在灰烬中只留下人形空当。（结果状语）
Then, on 24 August, the mountain exploded, pouring out a cloud of ash.(45)
后来，在八月24日，火山爆发了，倾倒出一片灰云。（伴随状语）
8.现在分词作伴随状语或结果状语
现在分词作伴随状语或者结果状语。本单元类似的句子还有：
In 334 BC, he took his army, now with 42,000 men, into the Middle East and then Egypt, defeating every man that stood in his path.(58)
在公元前334年，他带着他的军队，现在有42000人了，进入中东后来进入埃及，兵锋所至，所向披靡。（伴随状语）
Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to India, finding victory wherever he went.(58)
然后，他又将目光转向东方，长驱直入印度，所到之处，攻无不克，战无不胜。（伴随状语）
He always asked challenging questions to everyone he met, upsetting many people in Athens.(59)
遇到每个人，他总是问些挑战性的问题，让雅典的许多人不开心。（结果状语）
句型分析
现在分词作伴随状语，通常放在句末，有时也放在句首。现在分词作伴随状语的时候放在句末，有时可以在其前面加上一个thus.
e.g. Talking and laughing, the students entered the classroom.
= The students entered the classroom, talking and laughing.
学生们有说有笑地走进了教室。（伴随状语）
e.g. The old man died, leaving a lot of debts.
老人去世了，留下了许多债务。?（结果状语）



拓展延伸


在书面表达中适当使用地现在分词作伴随状语或者结果状语，可以使句式多样化。

翻译（私家车问题）：
大量私家车涌入街道，导致到处都是交通堵塞。
A large number of private cars crowd into streets, causing traffic jams here and there.



写作点拨


原句再现
In less than 9 minutes, the ship sank with 1177 men on board.(55)
在不到九分钟的时间里，船沉下去了，船上有1177人。
The USS Oklahoma was also destroyed with more than 400 men inside.(55)
美国海军船只Oklahoma也被摧毁了，里面有四百多个人。
9. With复合结构
本句中with部分是复合结构，第一句中with 1177 men on board是介词短语作宾语补足语，第二句中with more than 400 men inside是副词作宾语补足语。
e.g. The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.
所有的灯都亮时，广场显得更加美丽。（副词作宾语补足语）
e.g. The girl looked up with tears in her eyes.
那女孩眼泪汪汪地抬起头。（介词短语作宾语补足语）
句型分析
With/ Without+宾语+宾语补足语在句中通常担任定语或者状语，表示原因、伴随、结果等，往往可以替换成一个定语或者状语从句。担任宾语补足语的除了介词短语和副词，还有名词、形容词、不定式、分词等。
e.g. With the teacher standing beside, she felt a bit uneasy .
老师站在旁边，她觉得有点不自然。
e.g. With his hair cut, he looks much younger.
理了头发，他显得年轻多了。
e.g. The house caught a big fire last night, with nothing left in it.
那房子昨晚发生火灾，结果里面的东西都烧光了。



拓展延伸


With复合结构很容易和As引导的时间状语从句混淆，使用时要注意是结构还是句子。
作宾语补足语的非谓语动词使用时秉承这样的基本原则：现在分词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成；动词不定式表将来。
?用with复合结构完成下列句子：
1）____________________ （有很多工作要做）, I couldn’t go to see the doctor.
2）She sat ________________ （低着头）.
3）___________________（心存梦想）, he went to Hollywood.
4）_____________________（随着树木长高）, I became taller too.



误区提示


With复合结构很容易和As引导的时间状语从句混淆，使用时要注意是结构还是句子。
作宾语补足语的非谓语动词使用时秉承这样的基本原则：现在分词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成；动词不定式表将来。
?用with复合结构完成下列句子：
1）____________________ （有很多工作要做）, I couldn’t go to see the doctor.
2）She sat ________________ （低着头）.
3）___________________（心存梦想）, he went to Hollywood.
4）_____________________（随着树木长高）, I became taller too.



误区提示


With much work to do
with her head bent
With a dream in his heart
With the tree growing taller
在书面表达中恰当地使用with复合结构，可以使得句子简洁，又表现了一定的语言基本功。
翻译（友情和校服）：
1. 有几个朋友分享你的幸福和痛苦，你就能走出孤独。
With several friends sharing your happiness and sadness, you can easily walk out of loneliness.
2. 每个人都穿着同样的校服，就没有人去为谁的衣服好看计较。
With everyone wearing the same school uniform, nobody will compete for more fashionable clothes.


写作点拨


巩固练习
用所学的结构翻译
三分之二的学生认为网络学习非常方便，而其他学生不这么认为。（while）
可喜的是，许多成年人养成了随时学习的习惯，他们的孩子也是如此。（so）
许多父母不让孩子用手机。而结果，手机却成了一个必不可少的学习工具。（turn out）
学生们从早到晚坐着，盯着电脑的屏幕。（现在分词作伴随状语）
据报道，只有1/5的网络课程是免费的。（Sb. is reported to ）
每天花那么多的时间上网，我们怎么能腾出时间进行体育锻炼呢？（with）

主题翻译（网络学习）
主题翻译（网络学习）：
三分之二的学生认为网络学习非常方便，而其他学生不这么认为。（while）
Two thirds of the students consider online education to be very convenient, while the rest think otherwise.
可喜的是，许多成年人养成了随时阅读的习惯，他们的孩子们也是如此。（so）Happily, many adults have formed the habit of studying in the free time, and so have their children.
许多父母不让孩子用手机。而结果，手机却成了一个必不可少的学习工具。（turn out）
Many parents don’t allow their children to use mobile phones. As it turns out, the mobile phone has become a necessary learning tool.
主题翻译（网络学习）：
学生们从早到晚坐着，盯着电脑的屏幕。（现在分词作伴随状语）
The students sit from morning till night, staring at computer screens
据报道，只有1/5的网络课程是免费的。（Sb. is reported to ）
Only one fifth of online courses are reported to be free.
每天花那么多的时间上网，我们怎么能腾出时间进行体育锻炼呢？（with）
With so much time spent surfing online every day, how can we afford time for sports?

整理笔记
完成巩固练习
家庭作业
Thanks for your time!