课件28张PPT。Great scientists1 Get the hang of past participle use as attributive (定语), predicative (表语). Teaching aims过去分词的语法功能：过去分词在句中可以作1. 定语 2. 表语 3. 宾语补足语 4. 状语一、过去分词作定语1. 作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面。E.g.There are many fallen leaves on the roof (屋顶) .The broken vase has been thrown outside. steamed roll
retired workers
escaped prisoners
an unknown hero
the exploited classes
returned students花卷一位无名英雄退休工人被剥削阶级逃犯归国留学生2. 过去分词短语作定语时，则放在被修饰词的后面。 E.g.The play performed by the students was a great success.The novel written by him has sold out in a few days.注意: 1.不及物动词没有“被动语态”，所以, 不及物动词的过去分词没有被动的意义，只表示动作的完成.
E.g. boiled water （开水）
fallen leaves （落叶）the risen sun (升起的太阳)
spoken English (英语口语)
iced beer (冰镇啤酒)
fried chips (炸土豆条)
cooked food (熟食)2. 过去分词作定语时，
1) 及物动词的过去分词可改为动词为被动形式的定语从句。 E.g.time which is lostlost time2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，可改为动词为完成式的定语从句。a returned sailorA sailor who has returned二、过去分词作表语*表语过去分词作表语没有“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态、特点或思想感情等。 E.g.过去分词作表语用，相当于形容词，最常见的有:pleased, surprised, worried, excited, married, delighted, disappointed, interested, discouraged, drunk, tired, amused, astonished, limited, crowded, satisfied, puzzled, hurt, upset, bored, frightened, confused, exhausted, complicated, devoted, embarrassed, distinguished, 等。过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。
My glasses are broken. 我的眼镜碎了。
My glasses were broken by my son. 我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(状态)(动作)注意：The door was closed by Tom.
The door was closed.I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.
I was greatly surprised at the news.(状态)(动作)(动作)(状态)Exercises2. The girl who is dressed in red is Kelly’s long-lost friend. = The girl _________________ is Kelly’s long-lost friend.练习: 句型转换A thief stole the goat that was tied to the tree. =A thief stole the goat ______ to the tree.tieddressed in red3. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt. = The castle, ______________ ___________________, was never rebuilt. burnt down in the sixteenth century4. Father beat the son who was lost in the online games. =Father beat the son ________ in the online games. lost5. The project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only 2 year.
= The project, _____________ ______________________, was constructed in only 2 year. designed by the Chinese engineers 练习三、单选As is known to us all, traveling is ______, but we often feel ______ when we are back from travels.
A. interesting; tired B. interested; tiring C. interesting; tiring D. interested; tired 2. Hearing the ______ news, we all felt ______.
A. encouraging, encouraging
B. encouraged, encouraged
C. encouraged, encouraging
D. encouraging, encouraged3. From the dates ______ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that was made five hundred years ago.
marking
marked
C. to be marked
D. having been marked4. The _______ look in her face suggested that she _______ it before.
surprising, wouldn’t know
surprised, hadn’t known
surprising, hadn’t known
surprised, shouldn’t know5. The picture writing _______ long long ago is hard for us to understand today.
having been drawn
being drawn
was drawn
drawn6. The man ______ there is my uncle.
A. seat B. seating
C. to seat D. seated
7. The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written
C. written D. being written Answer the following questions.Homework一名退休工人
开水
一片落叶
一位无名英雄
他走进来，后面跟着一个女孩。
他写的小说很畅销。Translation a retired worker
boiled water
a fallen leaf
an unknown hero
He came in, followed by a girl.
The novel written by him sells well.AnswersThe end of this period!课件27张PPT。Great scientists1 Discovering useful words and expressions.
Teaching aims1.Find words and expression from the text for each of the following meaning.1. _____: someone suffers when something happens
2. _____: a doctor
3. _____: to examine and think about carefully
4. _____: to win a victory over someone
5. _____: something that tests strength,
skill or ability
6. _____: a question you ask to get information
7. _____: a machine for raising water
8. _____: to say or think someone or something is responsible for something bad
9. _____: to take in
10. _____: to connect something with something else1. victim: someone suffers when something happens
2. physician: a doctor
3. analyse: to examine and think about carefully
4. defeat: to win a victory over someone
5. challenge: something that tests strength, skill or ability6. enquiry: a question you ask to get information
7. pump: a machine for raising water
8. blame: to say or think someone or something is responsible for something bad
9. absorb: to take in
10. link to: to connect something with something else2. Choose the words in their correct forms to complete the passage.foresee cure severe expert attend announce
suspect conclude expose Simon Lee was a famous footballer but his career came to an end when he developed a ____ illness. His doctor ____ that he had been ____ to a new virus. All attempts by the ____ to ____ him failed. Simon ____ that he would not get better and ____ that he must leave football. Finally, he ____ that he would make a new career coaching young football players. At his last match all his fans ____ and praised him by singing the popular song “Thanks for the memory”.Simon Lee was a famous footballer but his career came to an end when he developed a severe illness. His doctor suspected that he had been exposed to a new virus. All attempts by the experts to cure him failed. Simon foresaw that he would not get better and concluded that he must leave football.Finally, he announced that he would make a new career coaching young football players. At his last match all his fans attended and praised him by singing the popular song “Thanks for the memory”.
3. Sometimes in English we put the verb make with a noun instead of using a simple verb; for example, make a mistake instead of to mistake. Look at these simple verbs and make another construction using make + a + noun. Add two more of your own.to suggest to decide
to plan to contribute
to speak to be noisy
to change to describe
to investigate make a suggestionto suggestto plan make a plan
to speakmake a speechto changemake a changeto investigatemake an investigation make a decisionto decideto contributemake a contributionto be noisymake a noiseto describemake a description4. In English verbs like make are very active and useful. Apert from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. Can you make sentences with each of them?make a face make friends make money
make one’s way to make dinner make sure
make up one’s mind make the bed
make room for1. The teacher asked us not to make faces in class.
2. I tried to make friends with my neighbour but he was too old and did not want to talk to me .
3. The best way to make money is to study hard and gain good qualifications.
4. I did not like them to collect me in their car so I made my way to the restaurant on foot by myself.5. I’m too tired to make dinner, so I decide to eat out.
6. Before you pay for that new car make sure it has a guarantee, which will protect you against any problems during the first year.
7. Don’t make up your mind about buying that house till you have seen a few more.
8. When you leave your flat in the morning , it looks tidier if you make the bed before you go.
9. I have tried to make room for her on that course but there are just too many people already attending it.The Past Participle as the Attribute & PredicativeDiscovering useful structuresHe is humorous.
(Predicative表语)
He is a humorous boy. (Attribute 定语)Please look at the sentences carefully. Pick out the attributes& predicative of the sentences, explain why you divide them into these groups. 1) I was angry with him for keeping me waiting so long.
2) She is a beautiful young lady. 3) He got worried about losing the money.
4) Sally was so excited at the good news.
5) So many thousands of terrified people died.2. Complete the table (p5, Ex 2)people terrified of (cholera)Seats reserved by…water polluted by…a room crowded with…a winner pleased with…children astonished at/by…a vase broken by…a door closed…the audience tired of…an animal trapped in /by…3.Complete the sentences. (p5, Ex 3)He got ___________ about losing the money.
Why do you always look so______ ? Do you sleep well these days?
I was _____________ with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.blamed/ upsettireddisappointed4. Everybody was _________________ to hear the death of the famous film star.
5. The children are really _______ about going to the zoo.
6. His wound became ________ with a new virus.shocked/ depressedexcitedinfected Do exercises of this part on the workbook.HomeworkThe end of this period!课件28张PPT。Great scientists11. To know sth. about great scientists.
2. Learn some new words and expressions.
3. To examine a new scientific idea. Teaching aims What do you know about great scientists? Try the quiz on P1 and find out who knows the most.Charles Darwin Fact File
Date of Birth-Death : 1809-1882
Country of Birth : UK
Major Discoveries : The theory of natural selection
Writing by the Scientist : Origin of species by means of natural selection(1859) ; Descent of man (1871)Background knowledge Charles Darwin was invited on board the ship, H.M.S. Beagle. The round-the-world journey on H.M.S.Beagle lasted almost five years. Darwin spent most of these years investigating the geology and life of the lands he visited, especially South America, the Galapagos islands, and Pacific coral reefs. This journey triggered in him, an interest in evolution of life on earth, the diversity in plant and animal life, and how they survived. Upon his return to England in 1836, Darwin tried to solve the riddles of these observations and the puzzle of how species evolve. He began to develop the theory of evolution that was to make him famous. Stephen Hawking Fact File
Date of Birth : 1942
Country of Birth : UK
Major Discoveries : Theories
on the origin of the Universe
Writing by the Scientist : A brief history of time : From
the Big Bang to Black Holes (1995)Fighting back the crippling ailment, Stephen Hawking obtained his Ph.D. in 1966, married, had children, and slowly began to make a name for himself in his chosen field of study, Cosmology, the study of the Universe. In 1988, he wrote a book in which
he put down some of his ideas about
the formation and ultimate destiny
of the universe. It was titled “A Brief
History of Time”. It became a best-seller, and brought him fame and fortune. Today Hawking is confined to a wheelchair and he cannot even speak without a synthesizer, but his mind remains unaffected. To doctors, he is a medical curiosity; to scientists, he is a pathbreaker in the study of the universe — some have even described him the “world's greatest living physicist”. Forrest Bird ?Fact File
Year of Birth : 1921
Country of Birth : USA
Major Discoveries : Fluid Control Device; Respirator; Pediatric VentilatorAs an air training officer during World War II, Forrest Bird found at high altitudes a pilot would find it difficult to breathe. This problem triggered Bird’s imagination. He wanted to create devices, which would aid breathing in such altitudes. And the first artificial “respirator” was made. Bird had developed the first device, which could help people breathe. This innovation of Bird, however, was to be used, not by pilots, but by seriously ill patients with breathing difficulty. The respirator became a great success and was known as “the bird”. It was a common statement among doctors to say , “if all else has failed, get the bird”. 'The Bird' was a little green box which became familiar to hospital patients throughout the world after it was introduced in 1958. Carl Linnaeus Fact File
Date of Birth-Death :1701-1778
Country of Birth :Sweden
Major Contribution :
Binomial system of nomenclature
Writing by the Scientist : Systema Naturae (1735) Classes plantarum (1738) Philosophia Botanica (1751) Species plantarum (1753) Species Naturae (1758)warming up: look at the table and try to finish it
free talk: discuss with your partner about cholera
Pre-readingColumn A Column BAlexander Bell Thomas Edison
Carl Linnaeus
Madame Curie Forrest Bird
Charles Darwin Steven Hawking Albert Einstein
Isaac Newtonthe Theory of Relativity
the first telephone
the electric lamp
black holes in Universe
The theory of natural selection
Binomial system
the Theory of gravity
Radium
The first RespiratorAbout the infectious disease-cholera Angolan children gathering water at a waste-filled stream. A cholera epidemic in Angola killed over one thousand people last year. Cholera is a serious bacterial disease found mainly in developing countries. People can get it from water or food that comes in contact with human waste. The intestinal infection causes a loss of fluids.
1. The sources of cholera2. Symptom of cholera
An acute infectious disease of the
small intestine, caused by the
bacterium Vibrio cholera and
characterized by profuse watery
diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps,
severe dehydration, and depletion
of electrolytes.3. TreatmentCholera is treated by drinking an oral rehydration solution which replaces lost fluids and salts. In the most severe cases, fluids are injected into the body. Without treatment, it usually kills people within eighteen hours to several days. Estimates are that the disease kills at least 100,000 people a year.4. Scientific research of cholera A team from the United States, South Korea and Bangladesh based it on a large study of oral cholera vaccine.
The study took place between nineteen eighty-four and nineteen eighty-nine. It involved 200,000 women and children in rural Bangladesh.
The team developed the computer model based on the results of the study. The model showed that if fifty percent of a high-risk community is vaccinated, many unvaccinated people also would be protected.5. Prevention of choleraThere are low-cost vaccines, taken by mouth, that can protect against cholera. The vaccine is commonly provided to international travelers and communities that suffer cholera epidemics. Plague (瘟疫)：A highly infectious, usually fatal, epidemic disease, especially bubonic plague. (传染病一种高度传染且经常是致命的瘟疫，特别指淋巴腺鼠疫 )HIV：人体免疫缺损病毒，艾滋病病毒 (human immunodeficiency virus)Some other infectious diseasesAIDS(爱滋病)：获得性免疫功能丧失综合症(Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome) 爱滋病是一种由逆转录酶病毒引起的严重免疫系统混乱，导致细胞中介免疫反应的缺失，表现为容易受感染和受某些罕见癌症的侵袭，尤其是卡波济氏肿瘤。主要经过性交渠道或接触受感染的血液或血液制品而传播。 SARS：非典型肺炎，简称非典（Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome）
急剧性呼吸综合症Blood 血液
Airborne 空气
Droplet 飞沫
Fecal-oral 排泄物
Contact 接触
Vector 媒介
animals, insects…Modes of Transmission 传染途径 Preview the 2 reading materials in SB HomeworkThe end of this period!课件29张PPT。Great scientists11. Discover the useful words and expressions. 2. Learn and improve the use of useful words and expressions. Teaching aimsTHE FATHER OF MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGY 流 行 病 学 之 父John Snow (1813 – 1858) was a British physician and a leader in the adoption of anaesthesia and medical hygiene. He is considered to be one of the fathers of epidemiology, because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, England, in 1854.Cholera Epidemics in England 英国霍乱瘟疫1831 – 1832 : 22,000 deaths 死亡个案
1848 – 1849 : 52,000 deaths 死亡个案
1853 – 1854 : John Snow’s work
斯诺医生的工作
It was against this background of confusion that John Snow carried out his work.
斯诺医生就是在这种混乱的背景中展开工作。 Map of Central London 1853Broad Street Pump Handle1. In “Warming up” part, we’ve learned some famous scientists and their new ideas. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research? What order would you put them in?Draw a conclusion
Think of a method
Collect results
Make up a question
Find a problem
Analyse results
Find supporting evidenceDraw a conclusion
Think of a method
Collect results
Make up a question
Find a problem
Analyse results
Find supporting evidence2. What do you know about the infecious disease? What do you know about cholera? Cholera is a disease resulting from the presence and activity of a microbial agent. It is a form of infectious gastroenteritis (肠胃炎) that results in frequent watery stools, cramping abdominal (腹部) pain and eventual collapse from dehydration (脱水). Epidemic infections are seasonal in most thrid world countries, particularly Africa.3. Look at the picture, the map and the title and predict the content of the reading passage. Then skim it quickly
to see if you were right.Reading 1. Read the text (p.2-p.3) carefully and focus on the detail information about the passage. Then do the True and False exercise followed.1) John Snow was interested in finding the cause of cholera.
2) Snow believed the idea that people absorbed this disease with their meals.
3) In 1854 London was hit by a cholera outbreak and thousands of people died every day
4)Snow discovered that these people working in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street died soon after the outbreak. 5) Snow found that cholera was spread by germ in cloud of gas.
6) Snow also found the woman who lived away from Broad Street but drank the water there died soon after the outbreak.
7) Snow finally confirmed that water was to blame for the outbreak of cholera. 2. Read the text (p.2-p.3) once again, focus on the main idea of every paragraph and then tell your group about it.Main idea of every paragraph of the text ----John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”3. Read the text again, focus on the main idea of the text, retell it and pay attention to the organization of a scientific research.1) Main idea of the text1. Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.____ John Snow began to test two theories.
____An outbreak of cholera hit London in1854.____ John Snow marked the deaths on a map.
_____ He announced that the water carried the disease.
_____ John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.
_____ King Cholera was defeated.
_____ He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.
_____ He had the handle removed from the water pump.2.Read the passage again and answer these questions.
John Snow believe idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?
Do you think john snow would have solved this problem with out the map? Give a reason.
Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today? Why? John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an out break that was clearly related to cholera. collected in formation and was able to tie cases outside the area to polluted water.
No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits.Answers He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.
3) Three diseases, which are similar today, are SARS, AIDS and bird flu, because they are serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.Answers Preview the language points, and sum up the usages of the words and expressions and the set phrases (搭配) that you’ve got.HomeworkThe end of this period!
