阅读写作--3 名人介绍
写作方法、写作要点与范例
(原卷版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语试卷中，写作是整个英语试卷中最重要的项目之一。阅卷教师通过对考生写作部分的阅卷，可以看出考生对英语语言实际应用的水平。写作部分是最能反应考生英语水平的重要环节之一，对最终英语试卷得分的高低起着举足轻重的作用。高考英语作文一般满分为25分（100—150字左右），一般占总分数的16%左右。阅卷老师在批阅写作部分试卷时的速度很快，先会大致读一下作文内容，并在心里给出作文得分的等级。通常，一等分数为21--25分；二等分数为16分--20分；三等分数为11--15分；四等分数在6—10分；最低档分数在6分以下。作文卷面干净整洁是获取较高的分数的基础；对于无涂改、无明显拼写错误、字迹秀丽工整的卷面会给评卷教师一个良好的印象；用词用句恰当，正确使用短语、谚语会使考生的作文获得较高分数。因此，考生在进行写作练习的时要注意这些问题。教师需要指导学生进行有针对性的写作技巧方面的训练，指导学生注意审题立意、确定写作主题；注意拟提纲、定骨架；安排好层次段落、做好段落铺垫的过渡，处理好开头与结尾。同时，还要注意引导学生通过熟练掌握一些常用的短语、习语、谚语等进行书面表达。本章讨论有关名人介绍的写作方法、写作要点与范例。
I. 写作技巧概述（The Summary of Writing Skill）
在进行写作训练时，要保证卷面清爽，减少修改；卷面让人看上去舒服。其次，要杜绝错误拼写，尤其是简单的词汇；如有记得不准确的单词应尽量替换为熟悉的单词，否则会影响整体作文分数的等级。再者，要尽可能多用实词，少用虚词。比如在形容一个人很好的时候，不要总用very nice；very good这类过与简单词汇；应尽量多使用一些有分量的词汇。比如：generous，humorous，interesting，smart，gentle，warm-hearted之类的形容词。作文不能获得高分的一个很重要的原因就是使用重复、简单的词汇。所以，尽量要用不一样的词汇来表达，以便能使作文增加新鲜感，获得高等级的分数。
1. 审题立意准确，确定文章主题
对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，注意用词准确、主题鲜明、内容深刻、叙事集中。对人物的介绍注意人称、时态的使用，一般对逝去的名人用过去时态；对健在的名人根据所叙述的情况确定时态；注意情态动词的恰当运用可以使预期自然、表达准确。
2. 拟提纲，定骨架
英语作文审好题，立好意后，就要列提纲，确定文章的骨架。
1）安排好层次段落
2）做好段落铺垫的过渡
3）处理好开头和结尾
如果作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词展幵思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的内容，记录的方式可以是句子，也可以用单词或词组，可以用英语也可以用汉语。以The Person I Admire Most为例，提纲可以这样写：
1）Who is the person that I admire most
2）My reasons
3）What can I learn from the person
注意结构美，行文条理清晰，避免一段到底，根据写作提示内容与要点，采用三段的段落模式较佳（根据情况也可以采用两段的段落模式）。
3. 写出主题句，理清文章脉络
一篇短文的段落一般分为引导部分、主体部分和结尾部分。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。通常将段落主题句罝于段落的开头，可以使文章结构更清晰，更有说服力。
4. 参照提纲，扣主题句，充实内容
有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，完成各个段落。引导段部分要引起读者的注意和兴趣，特别是要能引起阅卷教师的共鸣，为主题段铺路架桥；主题段要围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。
5. 学会使用过渡词
1）递进：further more；moreover；besides；in addition；then等
2）转折：however；but；nevertheless；after all等
3）总结：finally；at last；in brief；to conclude等
4）强调：really；indeed；certainly；surely；above all等
5）对比：in the same way；just as；on the other hand等
II. 记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇
1. 需要背诵的部分常用的高级词汇的替代词
1）devote替换spend
He spends all his spare time in reading. →
He devotes all his spare time to reading.
他把所有的业余时间都用来读书。
2）average替换ordinary
I’m an ordinary student. →
I’m an average student.
我是个普通的学生。
3）but替换very
The film we saw last night was very interesting. →
The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.
我们昨晚看的那部电影非常有趣。
4）seat 替换sit
On his way to school, he found an old lady sitting by the road, looking worried. →
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated by the road, looking worried.
在上学的路上，他发现一位老奶奶坐在路边，看上去很担心
5）suppose 替换should
He should have driven more slowly. →
He is supposed to have driven more slowly.
他应该开得慢一些。
6）appreciate替换thank
Thank you very much for your help. →
We appreciate your help very much.
非常感谢你的帮助。
7）the case替换true
I don’t think it is true. →
I don’t think it is the case.
我认为这不是真的。
8）on替换as soon as
As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →
On his arrival, he began his research.
他一到那，就开始研究了。
9）due to替换because of
He arrived late because of the storm. →
He arrived late due to the storm.
由于暴风雨，他迟到了。
10）cover替换walk/read
After walking 10 miles, we all felt tired. →
After covering 10 miles, we all felt tired.
走了10英里后，我们都觉得累了。
11）contribute to替换 be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.
大量的记忆工作无疑将有助于英语学习。
12）round the corner替换coming soon/ nearby
The summer vacation is coming soon. Do you have any plans? →
The summer vacation is round the corner. Do you have any plans?
暑假快到了。你有什么计划吗？
Li Ming studies in a school nearby. →
Li Ming studies in a school round the corner.
李明在附近的一所学校学习。
13）come to light替换discover
The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →
The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.
当丢失的珠宝出现时，全家人都非常高兴。
14）have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a good time. →
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball.
我们参观完车间后回到了学校。大家都很愉快。
15）come up with替换think of
Jack is very clever. He often thinks of new ideas. →
Jack is very clever. He often comes up with new ideas.
杰克很聪明。他经常想出新主意。
2. 背诵并使用常用的高级句型结构
1）It句型
① It will be + some time + before…
It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.
人类不久就会造访火星。
② It is + adj./ n.+ for sb to do sth.
It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.
学好计算机对我们很重要，因为它已经改变了我们的生活。
③ It is + 被强调部分 + that…
It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.
杨利伟所做的给我们很大的鼓励。
Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.
喜欢广泛阅读的人说，我们是通过阅读获得知识的。
2）more …than any other 表示最高级
Indian produces more films than any other country in the world.
印度的电影产量超过世界上其他任何国家。
3）名词从句
It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.
听录音，了解谈话内容对我来说意义重大。
My hometown is no longer what it used to be.
我的家乡不再像以前那样了。
4）（非限制性）定语从句的应用
The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. →
改为：The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.
这套公寓在芳草街的一栋楼里，离建欣汉语学校不远。
It was quite an experience for us both. I’ll never forget it for the rest of my life. →
改为：It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life.
这对我们两个人来说都是一次很好的经历，我永远也不会忘记的。
5）分词结构
I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.
我不了解其他人，但我以前甚至周末都要学习，永无休止的做作业、没完没了地上课。
We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people.
我们晚上主要是呆在家里看电视，玩游戏，会见朋友。
Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.
听到这个，有几个人开始追赶他。
Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.
托马斯·爱迪生出生于美国，是一位伟大的科学家和发明家。
3. 名人介绍中常用词语
1）表达兴趣与爱好的常用词汇
Favorite (最喜欢的)；taste (爱好，志趣)；read novels (读小说)；surf the Internet (上网)；chat online (在线聊天)；collect stamps (集邮)；make E-|friends (交网友)；climb mountains (爬山)；enjoy pop music (喜欢流行音乐)；develop an interest in (在……方面培养兴趣)；be fond of(喜欢)；be keen on (对……着迷)；have a taste in (喜爱)；hobby (业余爱好)；be interested in (对……感兴趣)；have a great love for (非常喜爱……)
2）表达性格、外貌的常用词汇
optimistic（乐观）；independent（独立的）；out-going（外向的）；adaptable（适应性强的）；active（主动的，活跃的）；aggressive 有进取心的；ambitious 有雄心壮志的；amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的；analytical（善于分析的）；aspiring（有志气的，有抱负的）；audacious（大胆的，有冒险精神的）；candid（正直的）；plump（丰满）；skinny（太瘦了）；slim（苗条）；medium height（不胖不瘦）；muscular（强壮）；elegantly（优雅）；good-looking（长的好看）；smartly dressed（穿着得体）；well dressed（穿的漂亮）；competent（能胜任的）；cooperative（有合作精神的）；creative（富创造力的）；dedicated（有奉献精神的）；dependable（可靠的）；diplomatic（老练的,有策略的）；disciplined（守纪律的）；dutiful（尽职的）；well--educated（受过良好教育的）energetic（精力充沛的）；expressivity（善于表达）；faithful（守信的，忠诚的）；frank（坦率的，真诚的）；generous（宽宏大量的）；gentle（有礼貌的）；humorous（幽默的）；impartial（公正的）；independent（有主见的）；industrious（勤奋的）；ingenious（有独创性的）；modest（谦虚的）；precise（一丝不苟的）；（punctual）严格守时的；amiable（和蔼可亲的）；steady（踏实的）；purposeful（意志坚强的）；sweet-tempered（性情温和的）；temperate（稳健的）；adaptable（适应性强的）；adroit（灵巧的，机敏的）；alert（机灵的）；brilliant（有才气的）；charitable（宽厚的）；cheerful（开朗的）；efficient（有效率的）；energetic（精力充沛的）；enthusiastic（充满热情的）；expressive（善于表达）；faithful（守信的，忠诚的）；hard-working（勤劳的）；have an inquiring mind（爱动脑筋的）
3）表达朋友间友谊的常用词汇
make friends with sb. (和某人交朋友)； a strong personality (个性强)； personal matters (私事)； friendly (友好的)； a close friend (一个亲密的朋友)； trust each other (互相信任)； share...with sb. (与某人分享)； keep in touch with sb. (与某人保持联系)； stay best friends with sb. (和某人保持很好的友谊)； a friend in need (患难之交)； get to know sb.(认识某人)；know sb. very well (熟知某人)； precious(珍贵的)； worthy (有价值的)； understanding (善解人意的)； be loyal to (对……忠诚)； keep sb. company (陪伴，做伴)
写作中需要注意的问题
1. 注意句子的开头写法
1) 用with复合结构开头
With his help, we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems.
在他的帮助下，我们学会了如何分析、解决问题。
2) 用非谓语动词形式开头
Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.（动词的-ing形式）
他往电影院走的时候，遇到了一位外国人。
2. 注意在一段文章中，长短句、with短语、非谓语动词短语等交错使用
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day（长句）. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water（短句）. With this extra evidence（with开始的句子）, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again（动词不定式开始的句子）, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他发现了与宽街疫情有关的另外两起死亡病例的证据。一个从宽阔的街道搬走的女人非常喜欢水泵里的水，每天都把它送到自己家里。她和女儿喝了水后都死于霍乱。有了这些额外的证据，约翰·斯诺可以肯定地宣布污染的水携带了病毒。为了防止这种情况再次发生，约翰·斯诺建议检查所有水源。水务公司接到指示，不让人们再接触受污染的水。
3. 相关过渡语的顺序表达：
1) 表示时间顺序：first，then，afterwards，meanwhile，later，first of all，finally，at last等。
First of all, …
Secondly, … （Thirdly, …. And then, … Next, … )
Finally, …
2) 表示空间顺序：near，next to，far from，in front of，on the left，on one side等。
3) 表示比较、对照：like，unlike，such as，but，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，nevertheless，otherwise等。
一、名人传记、人物介绍的写作方法
（一）写作指导
1．确定体裁：人物介绍属于记叙文，一般要求介绍某个人的成长历程，主要事迹、社会贡献等。
2．确定主体时态：由于某个人的成长、事迹和贡献等都是已经发生的，因此把一般过去时作为主体时态，并要根据实际内容、具体情况随时调整、变换时态。
3．确定中心人称：由于是介绍他人，所以用第三人称。
4．确定结构：一般采用三段式结构或者根据情况分为三个部分。第一段或第一部分引出中心人物；第二段或者第二部分介绍经历和贡献（这一部分也可以分解成2-4个自然段。）；第三段或者第三部分进行总结。如果有具体写作要求，就要按照给出的内容提示进行灵活处理。
（二）常用句式
1．介绍成长经历：
He was born in... and grew up...
He graduated from..., and then...
After graduation, he became a(n)．...
He liked..., and devoted his spare time to...
2．介绍成就和贡献：
He was awarded...
He made a great contribution to...
His discovery has made great progress in....
He is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
His works are popular around the world, such as...
3. 参考短句：
He was born in... and grew up...
He graduated from..., and then...
After graduation, he became a(n)．...
He was awarded...
He made a great contribution to...
His discovery has made great progress in....
He is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
His works are popular around the world, such as...
4. 参考段落：
Para. 1: Make a introductions of the general evaluation of him.
Para. 2: Tell his or her childhood, education, earlier life.
Para. 3: Introduce his research, achievements, or important discovery.
（三）范例
请根据以下信息介绍一下居里夫人
Name
姓名
Marie Curie （Madam Curie）
玛丽亚·居里（居里夫人）
place of birth
出生地
Warsaw, Poland
波兰，华沙
Time of birth
出生时间
November the 7th, 1867
1867年11月7日
graduate institutions
毕业院校
the University of Paris（Sorbonne）
巴黎大学（索邦大学）
Occupation
职业
physicists, chemists, scientists
物理学家、化学家、?科学家
Main achievement
主要业绩
?discovered?two?new?radio active elements,
?radium?and?polonium
发现了两种新的放射性元素镭和钋
The awards received
所获得的奖项
won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903
and the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911
1903年获诺贝尔物理学奖? 1911年获诺贝尔化学奖
【参考范文】
Madam Curie, The Great Scientist
Madam Curie was a Polish-French physicist and chemist, who is known for discovering the element radium. She discovered two new radio active elements, radium and polonium. She was the only famous woman scientist in the world.
Madam Curie was born into a teacher's family in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland. When she was born, she was given the name Marie Sklodowska. On September 1891, she went to Paris, France, to study science. in November, she went to the University of Sorbonne (Paris University). She studied at the Department of physics. She devoted all her time to the study of radium. People had no idea of radioactivity before she discovered radium. Madame Curie was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, and won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911. She was the first twice-honored Nobel Prize laureate and still today the only laureate in two different sciences, and she was the first female professor at the Sorbonne.
“The weak one sits and waits the opportunity, the powerhouse makes the opportunity”. “I must turn the life the science the dream, then turns again the dream the reality.” Madame Curie expressed her thoughts in words much like this. Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium. She was one of the greatest scientists in the world.
【参考译文】
伟大的科学家居里夫人
居里夫人是法国著名波兰裔科学家、物理学家、化学家，她由于发现放射性元素镭而闻名于世。居里夫人发现了两种新的放射性元素镭和钋。她是全世界上唯一著名的女性科学家。
居里夫人于1867年出生在波兰、华沙的一个教师家庭。她出生时取名叫玛丽亚·斯克沃多夫斯卡。1891年9月，居里夫人赴巴黎求学，11月进入索尔本大学（即巴黎大学）理学院物理系。她一生致力于镭的研究，直到她发现镭后，人们才了解放射性。居里夫人是放射性领域的先驱者，她在1903年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖、1911获得了诺贝尔化学奖。她是首位荣获两项诺贝尔奖的得主，也是至今唯一在两个不同学科获得诺贝尔奖的获奖者，她还是在索邦大学任教的第一位女教授。
居里夫人曾用这样的语言来抒发她的思想：“弱者坐待时机；强者制造机会”；“我要把生活变成幻想，再把幻想化为现实”。居里夫人，这位镭元素的发现者，将永远为人们所怀念。她是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。
【写作顺序与方法】
全文分三个部分。第一自然段为第一部分，在这一段中，引出中心人物介绍了居里夫人是著名科学家，由于发现放射性元素镭而闻名于世。第二部分（第二自然段）介绍了她的出身、家庭、求学、对世界的贡献；是全世界唯一在两个不同学科的诺贝尔科学奖项得主。第三部分（第三自然段）借用她自己的语言做了总结，并在最后一句概括全文。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是过去时，中心人称是第三人称；注意文中被动语态的应用；
2. 采用记叙文写作方法，基本上是按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行叙述；
3. 在最后一段，通过居里夫人自己的语言展示出一位伟大科学家的思想情感。同事注意，这里是直接引语，所以用的是一般现在时。
【哈工大附中 专项写作模拟训练】
请根据以下信息写一篇关于纳尔逊·曼德拉的生平简介。
Name
Nelson Mandela（纳尔逊·曼德拉）
place of birt
Transkei, South Africa（南非，特兰斯凯）
Time of birth
in 1918
major at the university
law degree at the university（获得法律学位）
when was graduated
in 1940
Main achievement
(主要业绩)
He and his colleague founded the ANC Youth League in 1944
他和他的同事1944年成立了非国大青年团
set up law office in Johannesburg in 1952
1952年在约翰内斯堡设立了律师事务所
in 1962 sentenced to five years hard labor for attacked anti-black laws
支持暴力反对黑人法律被判5年苦役
led The ANC Youth League to blow up the government buildings in 1963
1963年领导非国大青年团炸毁了政府大楼
released from prison in 1990, became the President of the ANC in 1991
1990年获释，1991年成为非国大主席
became the President of South Africa in 1994
1994年成为南非总统
The awards receive
Won the Nobel Prize for peace in 1993
写作练习一
请根据以下信息，介绍一下爱因斯坦
Name
Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
place of birth
Ulm, Germany 德国，乌尔姆市
Time of birth
March the 14th, 1897
graduate institutions
Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich（ETH Zurich） 苏黎世联邦理工学院
Occupation
physicists, scientists
Main achievement
discovered the theory of relativity ,
published Special Theory of Relativity
《狭义相对论》
The awards received
won the Nobel Physics Prize in 1921
写作练习二
请根据以下展示的有关明代万户的话题内容，介绍一下万户。
1. Who’s Wan Hu?
2. What did he do?
3. How did he make the flying chair?
4. Why did he make the flying chair?
5. Were his efforts successful?
6. What happened in the event?
The answers according to the topics above．
1. Wan Hu was a government official in Ming Dynasty.
2. He invented a flying chair.
3. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites.
4. He make the flying chair to tried to fly to the moon.
5. No. His efforts were not successful.
6. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.
阅读写作--3 名人介绍
写作方法、写作要点与范例
(解析卷)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语试卷中，写作是整个英语试卷中最重要的项目之一。阅卷教师通过对考生写作部分的阅卷，可以看出考生对英语语言实际应用的水平。写作部分是最能反应考生英语水平的重要环节之一，对最终英语试卷得分的高低起着举足轻重的作用。高考英语作文一般满分为25分（100—150字左右），一般占总分数的16%左右。阅卷老师在批阅写作部分试卷时的速度很快，先会大致读一下作文内容，并在心里给出作文得分的等级。通常，一等分数为21--25分；二等分数为16分--20分；三等分数为11--15分；四等分数在6—10分；最低档分数在6分以下。作文卷面干净整洁是获取较高的分数的基础；对于无涂改、无明显拼写错误、字迹秀丽工整的卷面会给评卷教师一个良好的印象；用词用句恰当，正确使用短语、谚语会使考生的作文获得较高分数。因此，考生在进行写作练习的时要注意这些问题。教师需要指导学生进行有针对性的写作技巧方面的训练，指导学生注意审题立意、确定写作主题；注意拟提纲、定骨架；安排好层次段落、做好段落铺垫的过渡，处理好开头与结尾。同时，还要注意引导学生通过熟练掌握一些常用的短语、习语、谚语等进行书面表达。本章讨论有关名人介绍的写作方法、写作要点与范例。
I. 写作技巧概述（The Summary of Writing Skill）
在进行写作训练时，要保证卷面清爽，减少修改；卷面让人看上去舒服。其次，要杜绝错误拼写，尤其是简单的词汇；如有记得不准确的单词应尽量替换为熟悉的单词，否则会影响整体作文分数的等级。再者，要尽可能多用实词，少用虚词。比如在形容一个人很好的时候，不要总用very nice；very good这类过与简单词汇；应尽量多使用一些有分量的词汇。比如：generous，humorous，interesting，smart，gentle，warm-hearted之类的形容词。作文不能获得高分的一个很重要的原因就是使用重复、简单的词汇。所以，尽量要用不一样的词汇来表达，以便能使作文增加新鲜感，获得高等级的分数。
1. 审题立意准确，确定文章主题
对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，注意用词准确、主题鲜明、内容深刻、叙事集中。对人物的介绍注意人称、时态的使用，一般对逝去的名人用过去时态；对健在的名人根据所叙述的情况确定时态；注意情态动词的恰当运用可以使预期自然、表达准确。
2. 拟提纲，定骨架
英语作文审好题，立好意后，就要列提纲，确定文章的骨架。
1）安排好层次段落
2）做好段落铺垫的过渡
3）处理好开头和结尾
如果作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词展幵思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的内容，记录的方式可以是句子，也可以用单词或词组，可以用英语也可以用汉语。以The Person I Admire Most为例，提纲可以这样写：
1）Who is the person that I admire most
2）My reasons
3）What can I learn from the person
注意结构美，行文条理清晰，避免一段到底，根据写作提示内容与要点，采用三段的段落模式较佳（根据情况也可以采用两段的段落模式）。
3. 写出主题句，理清文章脉络
一篇短文的段落一般分为引导部分、主体部分和结尾部分。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。通常将段落主题句罝于段落的开头，可以使文章结构更清晰，更有说服力。
4. 参照提纲，扣主题句，充实内容
有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，完成各个段落。引导段部分要引起读者的注意和兴趣，特别是要能引起阅卷教师的共鸣，为主题段铺路架桥；主题段要围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。
5. 学会使用过渡词
1）递进：further more；moreover；besides；in addition；then等
2）转折：however；but；nevertheless；after all等
3）总结：finally；at last；in brief；to conclude等
4）强调：really；indeed；certainly；surely；above all等
5）对比：in the same way；just as；on the other hand等
II. 记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇
1. 需要背诵的部分常用的高级词汇的替代词
1）devote替换spend
He spends all his spare time in reading. →
He devotes all his spare time to reading.
他把所有的业余时间都用来读书。
2）average替换ordinary
I’m an ordinary student. →
I’m an average student.
我是个普通的学生。
3）but替换very
The film we saw last night was very interesting. →
The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.
我们昨晚看的那部电影非常有趣。
4）seat 替换sit
On his way to school, he found an old lady sitting by the road, looking worried. →
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated by the road, looking worried.
在上学的路上，他发现一位老奶奶坐在路边，看上去很担心
5）suppose 替换should
He should have driven more slowly. →
He is supposed to have driven more slowly.
他应该开得慢一些。
6）appreciate替换thank
Thank you very much for your help. →
We appreciate your help very much.
非常感谢你的帮助。
7）the case替换true
I don’t think it is true. →
I don’t think it is the case.
我认为这不是真的。
8）on替换as soon as
As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →
On his arrival, he began his research.
他一到那，就开始研究了。
9）due to替换because of
He arrived late because of the storm. →
He arrived late due to the storm.
由于暴风雨，他迟到了。
10）cover替换walk/read
After walking 10 miles, we all felt tired. →
After covering 10 miles, we all felt tired.
走了10英里后，我们都觉得累了。
11）contribute to替换 be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.
大量的记忆工作无疑将有助于英语学习。
12）round the corner替换coming soon/ nearby
The summer vacation is coming soon. Do you have any plans? →
The summer vacation is round the corner. Do you have any plans?
暑假快到了。你有什么计划吗？
Li Ming studies in a school nearby. →
Li Ming studies in a school round the corner.
李明在附近的一所学校学习。
13）come to light替换discover
The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →
The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.
当丢失的珠宝出现时，全家人都非常高兴。
14）have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a good time. →
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball.
我们参观完车间后回到了学校。大家都很愉快。
15）come up with替换think of
Jack is very clever. He often thinks of new ideas. →
Jack is very clever. He often comes up with new ideas.
杰克很聪明。他经常想出新主意。
2. 背诵并使用常用的高级句型结构
1）It句型
① It will be + some time + before…
It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.
人类不久就会造访火星。
② It is + adj./ n.+ for sb to do sth.
It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.
学好计算机对我们很重要，因为它已经改变了我们的生活。
③ It is + 被强调部分 + that…
It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.
杨利伟所做的给我们很大的鼓励。
Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.
喜欢广泛阅读的人说，我们是通过阅读获得知识的。
2）more …than any other 表示最高级
Indian produces more films than any other country in the world.
印度的电影产量超过世界上其他任何国家。
3）名词从句
It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.
听录音，了解谈话内容对我来说意义重大。
My hometown is no longer what it used to be.
我的家乡不再像以前那样了。
4）（非限制性）定语从句的应用
The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. →
改为：The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.
这套公寓在芳草街的一栋楼里，离建欣汉语学校不远。
It was quite an experience for us both. I’ll never forget it for the rest of my life. →
改为：It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life.
这对我们两个人来说都是一次很好的经历，我永远也不会忘记的。
5）分词结构
I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.
我不了解其他人，但我以前甚至周末都要学习，永无休止的做作业、没完没了地上课。
We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people.
我们晚上主要是呆在家里看电视，玩游戏，会见朋友。
Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.
听到这个，有几个人开始追赶他。
Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.
托马斯·爱迪生出生于美国，是一位伟大的科学家和发明家。
3. 名人介绍中常用词语
1）表达兴趣与爱好的常用词汇
Favorite (最喜欢的)；taste (爱好，志趣)；read novels (读小说)；surf the Internet (上网)；chat online (在线聊天)；collect stamps (集邮)；make E-|friends (交网友)；climb mountains (爬山)；enjoy pop music (喜欢流行音乐)；develop an interest in (在……方面培养兴趣)；be fond of(喜欢)；be keen on (对……着迷)；have a taste in (喜爱)；hobby (业余爱好)；be interested in (对……感兴趣)；have a great love for (非常喜爱……)
2）表达性格、外貌的常用词汇
optimistic（乐观）；independent（独立的）；out-going（外向的）；adaptable（适应性强的）；active（主动的，活跃的）；aggressive 有进取心的；ambitious 有雄心壮志的；amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的；analytical（善于分析的）；aspiring（有志气的，有抱负的）；audacious（大胆的，有冒险精神的）；candid（正直的）；plump（丰满）；skinny（太瘦了）；slim（苗条）；medium height（不胖不瘦）；muscular（强壮）；elegantly（优雅）；good-looking（长的好看）；smartly dressed（穿着得体）；well dressed（穿的漂亮）；competent（能胜任的）；cooperative（有合作精神的）；creative（富创造力的）；dedicated（有奉献精神的）；dependable（可靠的）；diplomatic（老练的,有策略的）；disciplined（守纪律的）；dutiful（尽职的）；well--educated（受过良好教育的）energetic（精力充沛的）；expressivity（善于表达）；faithful（守信的，忠诚的）；frank（坦率的，真诚的）；generous（宽宏大量的）；gentle（有礼貌的）；humorous（幽默的）；impartial（公正的）；independent（有主见的）；industrious（勤奋的）；ingenious（有独创性的）；modest（谦虚的）；precise（一丝不苟的）；（punctual）严格守时的；amiable（和蔼可亲的）；steady（踏实的）；purposeful（意志坚强的）；sweet-tempered（性情温和的）；temperate（稳健的）；adaptable（适应性强的）；adroit（灵巧的，机敏的）；alert（机灵的）；brilliant（有才气的）；charitable（宽厚的）；cheerful（开朗的）；efficient（有效率的）；energetic（精力充沛的）；enthusiastic（充满热情的）；expressive（善于表达）；faithful（守信的，忠诚的）；hard-working（勤劳的）；have an inquiring mind（爱动脑筋的）
3）表达朋友间友谊的常用词汇
make friends with sb. (和某人交朋友)； a strong personality (个性强)； personal matters (私事)； friendly (友好的)； a close friend (一个亲密的朋友)； trust each other (互相信任)； share...with sb. (与某人分享)； keep in touch with sb. (与某人保持联系)； stay best friends with sb. (和某人保持很好的友谊)； a friend in need (患难之交)； get to know sb.(认识某人)；know sb. very well (熟知某人)； precious(珍贵的)； worthy (有价值的)； understanding (善解人意的)； be loyal to (对……忠诚)； keep sb. company (陪伴，做伴)
写作中需要注意的问题
1. 注意句子的开头写法
1) 用with复合结构开头
With his help, we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems.
在他的帮助下，我们学会了如何分析、解决问题。
2) 用非谓语动词形式开头
Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.（动词的-ing形式）
他往电影院走的时候，遇到了一位外国人。
2. 注意在一段文章中，长短句、with短语、非谓语动词短语等交错使用
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day（长句）. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water（短句）. With this extra evidence（with开始的句子）, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again（动词不定式开始的句子）, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他发现了与宽街疫情有关的另外两起死亡病例的证据。一个从宽阔的街道搬走的女人非常喜欢水泵里的水，每天都把它送到自己家里。她和女儿喝了水后都死于霍乱。有了这些额外的证据，约翰·斯诺可以肯定地宣布污染的水携带了病毒。为了防止这种情况再次发生，约翰·斯诺建议检查所有水源。水务公司接到指示，不让人们再接触受污染的水。
3. 相关过渡语的顺序表达：
1) 表示时间顺序：first，then，afterwards，meanwhile，later，first of all，finally，at last等。
First of all, …
Secondly, … （Thirdly, …. And then, … Next, … )
Finally, …
2) 表示空间顺序：near，next to，far from，in front of，on the left，on one side等。
3) 表示比较、对照：like，unlike，such as，but，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，nevertheless，otherwise等。
一、名人传记、人物介绍的写作方法
（一）写作指导
1．确定体裁：人物介绍属于记叙文，一般要求介绍某个人的成长历程，主要事迹、社会贡献等。
2．确定主体时态：由于某个人的成长、事迹和贡献等都是已经发生的，因此把一般过去时作为主体时态，并要根据实际内容、具体情况随时调整、变换时态。
3．确定中心人称：由于是介绍他人，所以用第三人称。
4．确定结构：一般采用三段式结构或者根据情况分为三个部分。第一段或第一部分引出中心人物；第二段或者第二部分介绍经历和贡献（这一部分也可以分解成2-4个自然段。）；第三段或者第三部分进行总结。如果有具体写作要求，就要按照给出的内容提示进行灵活处理。
（二）常用句式
1．介绍成长经历：
He was born in... and grew up...
He graduated from..., and then...
After graduation, he became a(n)．...
He liked..., and devoted his spare time to...
2．介绍成就和贡献：
He was awarded...
He made a great contribution to...
His discovery has made great progress in....
He is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
His works are popular around the world, such as...
3. 参考短句：
He was born in... and grew up...
He graduated from..., and then...
After graduation, he became a(n)．...
He was awarded...
He made a great contribution to...
His discovery has made great progress in....
He is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
His works are popular around the world, such as...
4. 参考段落：
Para. 1: Make a introductions of the general evaluation of him.
Para. 2: Tell his or her childhood, education, earlier life.
Para. 3: Introduce his research, achievements, or important discovery.
（三）范例
请根据以下信息介绍一下居里夫人
Name
姓名
Marie Curie （Madam Curie）
玛丽亚·居里（居里夫人）
place of birth
出生地
Warsaw, Poland
波兰，华沙
Time of birth
出生时间
November the 7th, 1867
1867年11月7日
graduate institutions
毕业院校
the University of Paris（Sorbonne）
巴黎大学（索邦大学）
Occupation
职业
physicists, chemists, scientists
物理学家、化学家、?科学家
Main achievement
主要业绩
?discovered?two?new?radio active elements,
?radium?and?polonium
发现了两种新的放射性元素镭和钋
The awards received
所获得的奖项
won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903
and the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911
1903年获诺贝尔物理学奖? 1911年获诺贝尔化学奖
【参考范文】
Madam Curie, The Great Scientist
Madam Curie was a Polish-French physicist and chemist, who is known for discovering the element radium. She discovered two new radio active elements, radium and polonium. She was the only famous woman scientist in the world.
Madam Curie was born into a teacher's family in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland. When she was born, she was given the name Marie Sklodowska. On September 1891, she went to Paris, France, to study science. in November, she went to the University of Sorbonne (Paris University). She studied at the Department of physics. She devoted all her time to the study of radium. People had no idea of radioactivity before she discovered radium. Madame Curie was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, and won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911. She was the first twice-honored Nobel Prize laureate and still today the only laureate in two different sciences, and she was the first female professor at the Sorbonne.
“The weak one sits and waits the opportunity, the powerhouse makes the opportunity”. “I must turn the life the science the dream, then turns again the dream the reality.” Madame Curie expressed her thoughts in words much like this. Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium. She was one of the greatest scientists in the world.
【参考译文】
伟大的科学家居里夫人
居里夫人是法国著名波兰裔科学家、物理学家、化学家，她由于发现放射性元素镭而闻名于世。居里夫人发现了两种新的放射性元素镭和钋。她是全世界上唯一著名的女性科学家。
居里夫人于1867年出生在波兰、华沙的一个教师家庭。她出生时取名叫玛丽亚·斯克沃多夫斯卡。1891年9月，居里夫人赴巴黎求学，11月进入索尔本大学（即巴黎大学）理学院物理系。她一生致力于镭的研究，直到她发现镭后，人们才了解放射性。居里夫人是放射性领域的先驱者，她在1903年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖、1911获得了诺贝尔化学奖。她是首位荣获两项诺贝尔奖的得主，也是至今唯一在两个不同学科获得诺贝尔奖的获奖者，她还是在索邦大学任教的第一位女教授。
居里夫人曾用这样的语言来抒发她的思想：“弱者坐待时机；强者制造机会”；“我要把生活变成幻想，再把幻想化为现实”。居里夫人，这位镭元素的发现者，将永远为人们所怀念。她是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。
【写作顺序与方法】
全文分三个部分。第一自然段为第一部分，在这一段中，引出中心人物介绍了居里夫人是著名科学家，由于发现放射性元素镭而闻名于世。第二部分（第二自然段）介绍了她的出身、家庭、求学、对世界的贡献；是全世界唯一在两个不同学科的诺贝尔科学奖项得主。第三部分（第三自然段）借用她自己的语言做了总结，并在最后一句概括全文。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是过去时，中心人称是第三人称；注意文中被动语态的应用；
2. 采用记叙文写作方法，基本上是按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行叙述；
3. 在最后一段，通过居里夫人自己的语言展示出一位伟大科学家的思想情感。同事注意，这里是直接引语，所以用的是一般现在时。
【哈工大附中 专项写作模拟训练】
请根据以下信息写一篇关于纳尔逊·曼德拉的生平简介。
Name
Nelson Mandela（纳尔逊·曼德拉）
place of birt
Transkei, South Africa（南非，特兰斯凯）
Time of birth
in 1918
major at the university
law degree at the university（获得法律学位）
when was graduated
in 1940
Main achievement
(主要业绩)
He and his colleague founded the ANC Youth League in 1944
他和他的同事1944年成立了非国大青年团
set up law office in Johannesburg in 1952
1952年在约翰内斯堡设立了律师事务所
in 1962 sentenced to five years hard labor for attacked anti-black laws
支持暴力反对黑人法律被判5年苦役
led The ANC Youth League to blow up the government buildings in 1963
1963年领导非国大青年团炸毁了政府大楼
released from prison in 1990, became the President of the ANC in 1991
1990年获释，1991年成为非国大主席
became the President of South Africa in 1994
1994年成为南非总统
The awards receive
Won the Nobel Prize for peace in 1993
【参考范文】
Nelson Mandela The Great Person
Nelson Mandela was a very great person. He was born in Transkei, South Africa in 1918.
When he was 19 years old, he entered university to study for the law degree, but he did not complete degree because he took part in the activities of anti-black laws. He completed his law degree at the university in 1940.
He and his colleague founded the ANC Youth League in 1944. In order to help poor black people, he set up law office in Johannesburg in 1952. His law office was closed by government because he attacked anti-black laws. In 1962, he was sentenced to five years hard labor for encouraging violence against anti-black laws. However, he was determined to insist on his ideas and he led The ANC Youth League to blow up the government buildings in 1963.
In 1964, Nelson Mandela was sentenced to prison for life on Robben Island for being one of the ANC leaders. After he had been in prison on Robben Island for 18 years, he was moved to a prison in Cape Town.
After he was released from prison in 1990, he became the President of the ANC in 1991. In 1993, Nelson Mandela won the Nobel Prize for peace and he became the President of South Africa in 1994. Five years later, Nelson Mandela was retired as President and returned to live in his hometown in the Transkei, South Africa in 1999. Although Nelson Mandela retired, his idea of reconciliation and compromise spread widely. This idea supports South Africa through the most difficult period and effectively avoids large-scale ethnic conflicts.
【参考译文】
伟大的纳尔逊·曼德拉
纳尔逊·曼德拉非常伟大。他1918年出生于南非特兰斯凯。
他19岁时进入大学攻读法律学位，但由于参加了反黑法活动，没有完成学位。他于1940年在大学获得了法律学位。
他和他的同事于1944年成立了非国大青年团。为了帮助贫困的黑人，他于1952年在约翰内斯堡设立了律师事务所。他的律师事务所因攻击反黑人法律而被政府关闭。1962年，他因支持暴力反对黑人法律而被判5年苦役。然而，他决心坚持自己的理想，并在1963年领导非国大青年团炸毁了政府大楼。
1964年，纳尔逊·曼德拉因成为非国大领袖之一，在罗本岛被判终身监禁。他在罗本岛坐牢18年后，被转移到开普敦的一所监狱。
他于1990年获释，1991年成为非国大主席。1993年，纳尔逊·曼德拉获得诺贝尔和平奖，1994年成为南非总统。五年后，纳尔逊·曼德拉作为总统退休，并于1999年返回家乡南非特兰斯凯。尽管纳尔逊·曼德拉退休了，但他和解与妥协的思想却广泛传播。这一理念支持南非度过最困难的时期，有效避免了大规模的民族冲突。
【写作顺序与方法】
全文分三个部分。第一自然段为第一部分，在这一段中，首先用简洁的语言对所要介绍的人物进行概述；引出中心人物。
然后，第二部分介绍经历和贡献，分别用三个自然段（第二、三、四自然段）介绍了他一生中所做的重要事情，这四个自然段是按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行介绍的。
①介绍他的学业情况；
②介绍纳尔逊·曼德拉领导非国大支持暴力反对黑人法律；
③介绍他在罗本岛被监禁18年的情况。
在最后一个自然段（既：全文的第三部分）做了总结。用简洁的语言介绍他获释后，成为非国大主席、获得诺贝尔和平奖并当选南非总统的情况。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是过去时，中心人称是第三人称；注意文中被动语态的应用；
2. 采用记叙文写作方法，按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行叙述；
3. 注意第二自然段when和连词but的使用；
4. 注意第三自然段中应用非谓语动词（不定式）开始的句子“In order to …”； 此外还有“However, …”和“…led … to do …“的应用；
5. 非谓语动词（动词的-ing形式）“for being … ”的应用；
6. 注意最后一句的谓语动词用的是一般现在时态，“This idea supports …”，因为他的理念一直在支持着南非人民……。
写作练习一
请根据以下信息，介绍一下爱因斯坦
Name
Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
place of birth
Ulm, Germany 德国，乌尔姆市
Time of birth
March the 14th, 1897
graduate institutions
Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich（ETH Zurich） 苏黎世联邦理工学院
Occupation
physicists, scientists
Main achievement
discovered the theory of relativity ,
published Special Theory of Relativity
《狭义相对论》
The awards received
won the Nobel Physics Prize in 1921
【参考范文】
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was a great physical scientist, who was famous for theory of relativity. He discovered the theory of relativity which is Einstein's theory concerning space, time, and motion. His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields.
Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, a city in Germany. As a boy, he was slow to learn to talk, but later in his childhood he showed great curiosity about nature and ability to solve difficult mathematical problems. He was gradusted from ETH Zurich in 1900.
His Special Theory of Relativity was published in1905 and he began to publish a series of papers which shook the whole scientific and intellectual world, and he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Albert Einstein was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time.
【参考译文】
爱因斯坦
爱因斯坦是一位伟大的物理科学家，以相对论闻名。他发现了相对论，这是爱因斯坦关于空间、时间和运动的理论。他的发现和理论在许多领域对科学产生了重大影响。
爱因斯坦1879年出生于德国乌尔姆市。小时候，他学说话很慢，但在童年后期，他表现出对自然的强烈好奇心和解决数学难题的能力。他于1900年从苏黎世ETH毕业。
他的狭义相对论发表于1905年，他开始发表一系列震撼整个科学和智力世界的论文，并于1921年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。爱因斯坦被认为是20世纪最伟大的科学家，也是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。
写作练习二
请根据以下展示的有关明代万户的话题内容，介绍一下万户。
1. Who’s Wan Hu?
2. What did he do?
3. How did he make the flying chair?
4. Why did he make the flying chair?
5. Were his efforts successful?
6. What happened in the event?
The answers according to the topics above．
1. Wan Hu was a government official in Ming Dynasty.
2. He invented a flying chair.
3. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites.
4. He make the flying chair to tried to fly to the moon.
5. No. His efforts were not successful.
6. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.
【参考范文】
Wan Hu, a Hero in Ming Dynasty
Wan Hu was a government official in Ming Dynasty, he invented a flying chair. Most of us are familiar with the story of Wan Hu, who tried to fly to the moon, becoming the world's first "astronaut".
He was the first hero to use rockets to fly into the space in the world. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.
We don’t know what happened at that time. Wan Hu must die in the explosion. And we wish he might be carried miles into the space, becoming the world's first astronaut.
Though his efforts were unsuccessful, his idea that lifting off with the help of the rocket was the first in the world. He is recognized as the real space ancestor in the whole world .
【参考译文】
明朝英雄万户
万户是明朝的一位政府官员，他发明了一把飞椅。我们大多数人都很熟悉万户的故事，他试图飞向月球，成为世界上第一个“宇航员”。
他是世界上第一个使用火箭飞入太空的英雄。他把两个大风筝放在椅子上，把47个火箭放在风筝上。火箭被点燃了，爆炸声很大，浓烟密布。烟雾散去后，万虎和他的椅子也不见了。我们不知道当时发生了什么。万户一定是死于爆炸。我们希望他能被带到数英里外的太空中，成为世界上第一位宇航员。
尽管他的努力没有成功，但他认为借助火箭升空是世界上第一次。他被公认为全世界真正的太空祖先。
课件30张PPT。阅读写作--3 名人介绍
写作方法、写作要点与范例考纲解读1. 作文得分的等级：一等 21--25分；二等 16分--20分；三等 11--15分；四等 6—10分；最低档分数 6分以下。
2. 卷面：干净整洁是获取较高的分数的基础，写作部分无涂抹或修改，无明显拼写错误，字迹工整，用词用句恰当，注意使用短语、习语、谚语等。
3. 写作技巧：注意运用写作技巧、审题立意；确定写作主题；拟提纲、定骨架；安排好层次段落；做好段落铺垫的过渡；处理好开头与结尾。熟练掌握一些常用的短语、习语、谚语等进行书面表达。介绍名人的写作技巧 1. 审题立意准确，确定文章主题
认真审题、斟酌立意、确定主题；用词准确、主题鲜明、叙事集中。
注意人称、时态；对逝去的名人用过去时态；对健在的名人根据所叙述的情况确定时态；
注意情态动词的恰当运用可以使预期自然、表达准确。
2. 拟提纲，定骨架
审好题，立好意后，就要列提纲，确定文章的骨架。
1）安排好层次段落
2）做好段落铺垫的过渡
3）处理好开头和结尾以 The Person I Admire Most 为例，提纲可以这样写：
1）Who is the person that I admire most
2）My reasons
3）What can I learn from the person
注意结构美，行文条理清晰，避免一段到底，
根据写作提示内容与要点，采用三段的段落模式较佳
（根据情况也可以采用两段的段落模式） 介绍名人的写作技巧学会使用过渡词
1）递进：further more；moreover；besides；in addition；then等
2）转折：however；but；nevertheless；after all等
3）总结：finally；at last；in brief；to conclude等
4）强调：really；indeed；certainly；surely；above all等
5）对比：in the same way；just as；on the other hand等介绍名人的写作技巧记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇，用高级词汇替代简单词汇
1）devote替换spend
He spends all his spare time in reading. →
He devotes all his spare time to reading.
他把所有的业余时间都用来读书。
2）average替换ordinary
I'm an ordinary student. → I'm an average student.
我是个普通的学生。
3）but替换very
The film we saw last night was very interesting. →
The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.
我们昨晚看的那部电影非常有趣。介绍名人的写作技巧记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇，用高级词汇替代简单词汇
4）seat 替换sit
On his way to school, he found an old lady sitting by the road, looking worried. →
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated by the road, looking worried.
在上学的路上，他发现一位老奶奶坐在路边，看上去很担心
5）suppose 替换should
He should have driven more slowly. →
He is supposed to have driven more slowly.
他应该开得慢一些。介绍名人的写作技巧记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇，用高级词汇替代简单词汇
6）appreciate替换thank
Thank you very much for your help. →
We appreciate your help very much. 非常感谢你的帮助。
7）the case替换true
I don't think it is true. → I don't think it is the case.
我认为这不是真的。
8）on替换as soon as
As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →
On his arrival, he began his research.
他一到那，就开始研究了。介绍名人的写作技巧记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇，用高级词汇替代简单词汇
9）due to替换because of
He arrived late because of the storm.
→He arrived late due to the storm. 由于暴风雨，他迟到了。
10）cover替换walk/read
After walking 10 miles, we all felt tired. → After covering 10 miles, we all felt tired. 走了10英里后，我们都觉得累了。
11）contribute to替换 be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.
大量的记忆工作无疑将有助于英语学习。介绍名人的写作技巧记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇，用高级词汇替代简单词汇
12）round the corner替换coming soon/ nearby
The summer vacation is coming soon. Do you have any plans? →
The summer vacation is round the corner. Do you have any plans?
暑假快到了。你有什么计划吗？
Li Ming studies in a school nearby. → Li Ming studies in a school round the corner. 李明在附近的一所学校学习。
13）come to light替换discover
The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →
The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.
当丢失的珠宝出现时，全家人都非常高兴。介绍名人的写作技巧记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇，用高级词汇替代简单词汇
14）have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a good time. →
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball.
我们参观完车间后回到了学校。大家都很愉快。
15）come up with替换think of
Jack is very clever. He often thinks of new ideas. →
Jack is very clever. He often comes up with new ideas.
杰克很聪明。他经常想出新主意。介绍名人的写作技巧写作指导
1．确定体裁：人物介绍属于记叙文，一般要求介绍某个人的成长历程，主要事迹、社会贡献等。
2．确定主体时态：由于某个人的成长、事迹和贡献等都是已经发生的，因此把一般过去时作为主体时态，并要根据实际内容、具体情况随时调整、变换时态。
3．确定中心人称：由于是介绍他人，所以用第三人称。
4．确定结构：一般采用三段式结构或者根据情况分为三个部分。第一段或第一部分引出中心人物；第二段或者第二部分介绍经历和贡献（这一部分也可以分解成2-4个自然段。）；第三段或者第三部分进行总结。如果有具体写作要求，就要按照给出的内容提示进行灵活处理。名人传记、人物介绍的写作方法与范文请根据以下信息介绍一下居里夫人介绍名人的写作技巧---范例Madam Curie, The Great Scientist
Madam Curie was a Polish-French physicist and chemist, who is known for discovering the element radium. She discovered two new radio active elements, radium and polonium. She was the only famous woman scientist in the world.
Madam Curie was born into a teacher's family in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland. When she was born, she was given the name Marie Sk?odowska. On September 1891, she went to Paris, France, to study science. in November, she went to the University of Sorbonne (Paris University). She studied at the Department of physics. She devoted all her time to the study of radium. People had no idea of radioactivity before she discovered radium.介绍名人的写作技巧---范例 【参考范文】 Madam Curie, The Great Scientist
Madame Curie was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, and won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911. She was the first twice-honored Nobel Prize laureate and still today the only laureate in two different sciences, and she was the first female professor at the Sorbonne.
“The weak one sits and waits the opportunity, the powerhouse makes the opportunity”. “I must turn the life the science the dream, then turns again the dream the reality.” Madame Curie expressed her thoughts in words much like this. Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium. She was one of the greatest scientists in the world.介绍名人的写作技巧---范例 【参考范文】 【写作顺序与方法】
全文分三个部分。第一部分引出中心人物介绍了居里夫人是著名科学家，由于发现放射性元素镭而闻名于世。第二部分介绍了她的出身与家庭以及求学和对世界的贡献；她是全世界唯一在两个不同学科的诺贝尔科学奖项得主。第三部分借用她自己的语言做了总结，最后一句概括全文。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是过去时，中心人称是第三人称；注意被动语态的应用；
2. 采用记叙文写作方法，基本上是按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行叙述；
3. 在最后一段，通过居里夫人自己的语言展示出一位伟大科学家的思想情感。同事注意，这里是直接引语，所以用的是一般现在时。【写作要点与提示】 根据以下信息写一篇关于纳尔逊·曼德拉的生平简介模拟训练阅读写作-3 名人介绍 专项写作模拟训练Nelson Mandela The Great Person
Nelson Mandela was a very great person. He was born in Transkei, South Africa in 1918.
When he was 19 years old, he entered university to study for the law degree, but he did not complete degree because he took part in the activities of anti-black laws. He completed his law degree at the university in 1940.
He and his colleague founded the ANC Youth League in 1944. In order to help poor black people, he set up law office in Johannesburg in 1952.介绍名人的写作技巧-专项写作模拟训【参考范文】 Nelson Mandela The Great Person
His law office was closed by government because he attacked anti-black laws. In 1962, he was sentenced to five years hard labor for encouraging violence against anti-black laws. However, he was determined to insist on his ideas and he led The ANC Youth League to blow up the government buildings in 1963.
In 1964, Nelson Mandela was sentenced to prison for life on Robben Island for being one of the ANC leaders. After he had been in prison on Robben Island for 18 years, he was moved to a prison in Cape Town. 介绍名人的写作技巧-专项写作模拟训【参考范文】 Nelson Mandela The Great Person
After he was released from prison in 1990, he became the President of the ANC in 1991. In 1993, Nelson Mandela won the Nobel Prize for peace and he became the President of South Africa in 1994. Five years later, Nelson Mandela was retired as President and returned to live in his hometown in the Transkei, South Africa in 1999. Although Nelson Mandela retired, his idea of reconciliation and compromise spread widely. This idea supports South Africa through the most difficult period and effectively avoids large-scale ethnic conflicts.介绍名人的写作技巧-专项写作模拟训【参考范文】 全文分三个部分。第一自然段为第一部分，在这一段中，首先用简洁的语言对所要介绍的人物进行概述；引出中心人物。第二部分介绍经历和贡献，分别用三个自然段介绍了他一生中所做的重要事情，是按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行介绍的。
①介绍他的学业情况；
②介绍纳尔逊·曼德拉领导非国大支持暴力反对黑人法律；
③介绍他在罗本岛被监禁18年的情况。
在最后一个自然段（全文的第三部分）做了总结。用简洁的语言介绍他获释后，成为非国大主席、获得诺贝尔和平奖并当选南非总统的情况。【写作解析】模拟训练 1. 全文主体时态是过去时，中心人称是第三人称；注意文中被动语态的应用；
2. 采用记叙文写作方法，按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行叙述；
3. 注意第二自然段when和连词but的使用；
4. 注意第三自然段中应用非谓语动词（不定式）开始的句子“In order to …”； 此外还有“However, …”和“…led … to do …“的应用；
5. 非谓语动词（动词的-ing形式）“for being … ”的应用；
6. 注意最后一句的谓语动词用的是一般现在时态，“This idea supports …”，因为他的理念一直在支持着南非人民……。【写作解析】模拟训练【温馨提示】巩固训练请根据以下信息，介绍一下爱因斯坦【写作练习一】Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was a great physical scientist, who was famous for theory of relativity. He discovered the theory of relativity which is Einstein's theory concerning space, time, and motion. His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields.
Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, a city in Germany. As a boy, he was slow to learn to talk, but later in his childhood he showed great curiosity about nature and ability to solve difficult mathematical problems. He was gradusted from ETH Zurich in 1900.介绍名人的写作技巧--巩固训练【参考范文】 Albert Einstein
His Special Theory of Relativity was published in1905 and he began to publish a series of papers which shook the whole scientific and intellectual world, and he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Albert Einstein was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time. 介绍名人的写作技巧--巩固训练【参考范文】 巩固训练【写作练习二】根据明代万户的话题内容介绍一下万户 1. Who’s Wan Hu?
2. What did he do?
3. How did he make the flying chair? Wan Hu was a government official in Ming Dynasty. He invented a flying chair. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. 巩固训练【写作练习二】根据明代万户的话题内容介绍一下万户 4. Why did he make the flying chair?
5. Were his efforts successful?
6. What happened in the event? He make the flying chair to tried to fly to the moon. No. His efforts were not successful. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared. Wan Hu, a Hero in Ming Dynasty
Wan Hu was a government official in Ming Dynasty, he invented a flying chair. Most of us are familiar with the story of Wan Hu, who tried to fly to the moon, becoming the world's first "astronaut".
He was the first hero to use rockets to fly into the space in the world. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.介绍名人的写作技巧--巩固训练【参考范文】 Wan Hu, a Hero in Ming Dynasty
We don’t know what happened at that time. Wan Hu must die in the explosion. And we wish he might be carried miles into the space, becoming the world's first astronaut.
Though his efforts were unsuccessful, his idea that lifting off with the help of the rocket was the first in the world. He is recognized as the real space ancestor in the whole world .介绍名人的写作技巧--巩固训练【参考范文】 感谢欣赏
