A卷
阅读理解
A
Theory of mind is what allows us to assess the mental states (thoughts, feelings, beliefs) of others based on a whole host of input, and to use that assessment to predict and explain what people are thinking. Theory of mind allows us to defeat competitors in business and avoid being cheated in turn, as well as know the unspoken things of romantic(爱情的) relationships.
Unfortunately, men have gotten the short end of the stick when it comes to theory of mind. Girls tend to develop theirs faster than boys, and women generally do better on theory of mind tasks than men.
Fortunately, it’s a skill that can be cultivated,__and reading fiction is one way to do so. Studies show that when we read fiction, the parts of our brain responsible for theory of mind light up and keep working. Narratives require us to guess at the hidden purposes of characters, figure out what their enemies or lovers may or may not be thinking, as well as keep track of all the social interactions(社交) between them.
When it comes to building the muscle of our theory of mind, Jane Austen’s novels are like barbells(杠铃)．They’re all about relationships and what everyone thinks about those relationships. Austen’s novels are filled with many characters who constantly guess at the thoughts and intentions of the other characters; each communicates with the others in complex ways that influence the relationships of nearly everyone in the book. For example, in Pride and Prejudice, there are almost 50 different characters, and all of them connect with each other in some subtle way. Keeping track of this web of relationships and figuring out what all those subtle 19th-century British social gestures really mean, become a useful exercise in theory of mind. Whenever I finish a Jane Austen novel, I thus feel a bit more socially smart.
【解题导语】 作者认为男人多读简·奥斯汀的小说有助于他们发展心智理论，更好地读懂他人的想法。
1．What does Paragraph 1 tell us about theory of mind?
A．It’s mainly used by businessmen.
B．It is hardly used in our daily life.
C．It doesn’t really benefit relationships.
D．It helps us know about others’ thoughts.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Theory of mind is what allows us to assess the mental states...that assessment to predict and explain what people are thinking.”可知，这种理论有助于我们知道他人的想法。
2．Compared with women, men generally ________．
A．have more theory of mind tasks
B．are weak in using theory of mind
C．develop theory of mind earlier
D．consider theory of mind more important
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Girls tend to develop theirs faster than boys, and women generally do better on theory of mind tasks than men.”可知，女性比男性能够更好地使用心智理论。
3．What is the meaning of the underlined word “cultivated” in Paragraph 3?
A．Developed. B．Found.
C．Changed. D．Replaced.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的develop和第三段后面讲述对于这种能力的培养方式可知，划线词意为“培养”。
4．What does the author mainly want to show by comparing Jane Austen’s novels to barbells?
A．Her novels are difficult to read.
B．Her novels have characters with special thoughts.
C．Her novels are all about relationships.
D．Her novels are good for theory of mind training.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“They’re all about relationships and...guess at the thoughts and intentions of the other characters”以及“Keeping track of this web of relationships...I thus feel a bit more socially smart.”可知，这里的比喻是为了表明简·奥斯汀的小说有助于训练我们的心智理论。
B
If you look for a book as a present for a child，you will be spoiled for choice even in a year when there is no new Harry Potter. J．K. Rowling’s wizard is not alone: the past decade has been a harvest for good children’s books，which has set off a large quantity of films and in turn led to increased sales of classics，such as The Lord of the Rings.
Yet despite that，reading is increasingly unpopular among children. According to statistics，in 1997, 23% said they didn’t like reading at all. In 2015，35% did. And around 6% of children leave primary school each year unable to read properly.
Maybe the decline is caused by the increasing availability of computer games. Maybe the books boom has affected only the top of the educational pile. Either way，Chancellor Cordon Brown plans to change things for the bottom of the class. In his pre-budget report，he announced the national project of Reading Recovery to help the children struggling most.
Reading Recovery is aimed at six-year-olds，who receive four months of individual daily half-hour classes with a specially trained teacher. An evaluation earlier this year reported that children on the scheme made 20 months’ progress in just one year，whereas similarly weak readers without special help made just five months’ progress，and so ended the year even further below the level expected for their age.
International research tends to find that when British children leave primary school they read well，but read less often for fun than those elsewhere. Reading for fun matters because children who are keen on reading can expect lifelong pleasure and loving books is an excellent indicator of future educational success. According to the OECD，being a regular and enthusiastic reader is of great advantage.
5．Which of the following is TRUE of Paragraph 1?
A．Many children’s books have been adapted from films.
B．Many high-quality children’s books have been published.
C．The sales of classics have led to the popularity of films.
D．The sales of presents for children have increased.
B 解析：细节理解题。由“...the past decade has been a harvest for good children’s books...”可知此题选B。A、C两项因果错位；D项文中未提到。
6．Statistics suggested that________．
A．the number of top students increased with the use of computers
B．a decreasing number of children showed interest in reading
C．a minority of primary school children read properly
D．a large percentage of children read regularly
B 解析：细节理解题。从第二段所给出的数据可判断B项正确。
7．What do we know about Reading Recovery?
A．An evaluation of it will be made sometime this year.
B．Weak readers on the project were the most hardworking.
C．It aims to train special teachers to help children with reading.
D．Children on the project showed noticeable progress in reading.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“...children on the scheme made 20 months’ progress in just one year...”可知D项正确。A、C两项与事实不符；B项文中未提到。
8．The aim of this text would probably be________．
A．to overcome primary school pupils’ reading difficulty
B．to encourage the publication of more children’s books
C．to remind children of the importance of reading for fun
D．to introduce a way to improve early childhood reading
D 解析：写作意图题。本文首先提出儿童不喜欢读书的现象逐渐加剧的问题，而后针对此问题提出了阅读复兴计划，由此可知该文章旨在介绍一种促进儿童读书的方法。故选D。
C
From my earliest memories，I felt as if my mother was preparing me for something special. When entering a room，her entire focus was on me. I felt as if I was the center of her universe—a great feeling. Offering her the same respect，I intently listened to her stories without interrupting；I tried to return that feeling of being truly loved.
Even though there was always deep affection flowing between us，she wasn’t a softy. She worked hard and expected her children to do the same. I began working in our little corner grocery store by age eight and managed it by the age of twelve. She appreciated my hard work and treated me as an equal. I learned that I could do anything if I tried hard enough. I learned to depend on myself.
My mother always supported my decisions，but also shared her concerns. When I decided to retire early from teaching to teach and write about etiquette(礼仪)，she announced her concerns. She worried that there wasn’t a market for it—my mother，always the business person. Nevertheless，by the end of our conversation she encouraged me with“With your training and love of people，you are perfect for this.”
By example，my mother taught me how to show respect for others. She gave me my listening skills，my empathy and my manners. Through her，I learned to be strong，to follow my heart and to work hard. I never give up. If not for this，I wouldn’t be a successful business owner and good friend to all.
【解题导语】 作者和母亲感情深厚。母亲很爱作者，也教会了作者尊重他人，并使作者具备了独立、勇敢和坚定等可贵品质。
9．The author carefully listened to her mother’s stories because________．
A．the stories were very interesting
B．she liked listening to stories very much
C．the stories were about something special
D．she tried to show her respect for her mother
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者从小就觉得母亲非常爱她，作者也同样爱和尊重自己的母亲。
10．What was the author’s mother worried about according to Paragraph 3?
A．The author would lose her job.
B．The author would live a poor life.
C．The author’s books would be hard to sell.
D．The author wouldn’t be good at business.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句可知，作者决定提前退休去教礼仪并写这方面的书，而她母亲担心作者的书没有市场，卖不出去。
11．What can we learn from the text?
A．The author had a brother and a sister.
B．The author’s mother was very strict with her.
C．The author became a well-known writer at last.
D．The author began to manage the store by age eight.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，母亲把作者当作大人一样对待，对作者很严格，故B项正确。A项在文中没有信息依据；根据文章最后一句可知，作者最后成为成功的商人，而不是畅销书作家，故C项错误；根据第二段第三句可知，作者8岁开始在街角的商店工作，12岁时才开始经营它，故D项错误。
12．Which of the following can best describe the author’s mother?
A．Brave and determined.
B．Smart and honest.
C．Proud but patient.
D．Strong but careless.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者从母亲身上学到了尊重他人、勇敢和坚定等优秀品质。由此可推知，作者的母亲是一个勇敢而又意志坚定的人。
七选五
While you are travelling abroad, cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes, which can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill feeling between individuals. 1.________
·Touching Someone
2．________ In Mediterranean countries, if you don’t touch someone’s arm when talking to them or if you don’t greet them with kisses or a warm hug, you’ll be considered cold. But backslap(拍背) someone who isn’t a family member or a good friend in Korea, and you’ll make them uncomfortable. In Thailand, the head is considered sacred—never even pat a child on the head.
·Talking over Dinner
In some countries, like China, Japan and some African nations, the food is the thing, so don’t start chatting about your day’s adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner.
3．________ It’s not because your group is unfriendly, but because mealtimes are for eating, not talking.
·Removing Your Shoes or Not
Take off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you uncivilized, but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and you’ll be considered disrespectful. So, if you see a row of shoes at the door, start undoing your laces. 4.________
Once you are on the ground of a different country, remain highly sensitive to native behavior. 5.________ And don’t feel offended if something seems offensive—like queue jumping. After all, this is a global village, and we are all very different.
A．Personal space varies as you travel the globe.
B．Asians consider removing shoes impolite at home.
C．Never be completely surprised by anything.
D．The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his idea.
E．Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them.
F．If not, keep the shoes on.
G．You’ll likely be met with silence.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，讲述了一些出国旅游时应当注意的文化上的错误。
1．E 解析：该空是一个总结句，用来引出下面要提到的话题，起承上启下的作用，故选E项。
2．A 解析：结合小标题“Touching Someone”及下文提到的不同国家对于触碰有不同的习俗可知，不同的地方对个人空间的理解各不相同。故选A项。
3．G 解析：上文介绍在中国、日本和一些非洲国家，吃饭时不要闲谈。由此可知，吃饭时要保持沉默，只有G项与此相关。故选G项。
4．F 解析：该空与前一句是相反的情况，上文提到“如果你在门口看到一排鞋子，就松开你的鞋带”，接下来就应当描写与之相反的情况，故选F项。
5．C 解析：从空后的“And don’t ...like queue jumping.”可知，此空与该句表并列关系，也应是“不要……”，故选C项。
B卷
阅读理解
When I was a boy there were no smart phones，and our television only got one channel clearly.Still，I was never bored.The fields，hills，and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake.At the backside of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before.It was full of muddy tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides，but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.
I walked on and on for hours.I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ear “Turn around and head back home”，but I was stubborn，so I walked on.There was still neither a car nor a house in sight.I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared.I didn’t want to end up trapped on this road，and I was worried that it would be dark before I could make my way back to the lake again.
I continued to walk on with something growing inside of me.My heart was pounding and my legs were aching.I was almost in tears when I turned one last curve and saw something in the distance.It was a house that I recognized.I jumped up and down and laughed out loud.It was still over a mile away but my legs felt like feathers and I hurried back to my house in no time.I walked in with a big smile on my face just in time for dinner.
I remembered this recently when I saw a sign that said “All roads lead home”．It is true.In life，all roads，no matter how they twist and turn，can lead us home again.What is important，though，is how we travel them.Are we going to go forth in fear or are we going to go forth in faith？Are we going to make this life a terrible trip or are we going to make this life a joyful journey？The choice is ours.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己童年时期的快乐的时光，并通过童年时经历的一件事告诉我们，人生中最重要的是对待生活的态度。
1．Why did the author hardly feel bored when he was young?
A．Because he could have fun in nature.
B．Because he could watch TV all day.
C．Because he had many friends.
D．Because he used to explore the old dirt road.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The fields，hills，and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake.”可知，在童年时期，作者可以到大自然中尽情地玩耍，所以不会觉得无聊。
2．How did the author feel when he was exploring the dirt road?
A．He thought he would be scolded by his parents.
B．He felt contradictory in mind.
C．He thought he would be trapped in the woods.
D．He was unconscious.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ear ‘Turn around and head back home’，but I was stubborn，so I walked on.” 可知，在探险之初，作者虽想放弃，但还是选择了继续走下去；根据下文可知，作者虽然担心害怕，但仍然继续前行。由此可推知，在探险过程中他的内心是矛盾的。
3．What does “something” probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Doubt. B．Hope.
C．Courage. D．Fear.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“I grew scared”及第三段中的“My heart was pounding and my legs were aching.”可推知，由于天越来越黑，作者一直未能找到回家的路，他的内心越来越恐惧。由此可推知，something在此指“恐惧”。故选D。
4．What does the author mainly intend to tell us?
A．Always make choices on our own.
B．All roads lead home.
C．It’s our attitude that matters in our life.
D．Every effort is worthwhile.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“What is important，though，is how we travel them.Are we going to go forth in fear or are we going to go forth in faith？Are we going to make this life a terrible trip or are we going to make this life a joyful journey？”可知，作者想要告诉我们的是生活中态度才是重要的。
完形填空
My mother was a gift giver. The occasion never __1__—Christmas, birthdays, anniversaries or no occasion at all.
She was always thinking about who might __2__ what. Creativity and __3__ went into the gifts she gave, and she __4__ a thank-you note. Once she sent out notes to her own children and grandchildren who had not acknowledged gifts, __5__ that they were now on her “Fecal Roster (黑名单)” and would not be removed __6__ she had received a proper thank you.
Even if you didn’t__7__ a thank you, she’d give you another gift the next __8__ she had.She figured __9__ manners were your problem, not hers.
Every time Mom and Dad __10__ to visit, all of us would gather in the driveway as they unloaded luggage. There was always something for the kids, __11__ a couple of little toys or a big __12__ of homemade cookies. They weren’t gifts for particular occasions. They were __13__ “Isn’t life great？” gifts.
One spring when they came to visit, she handed me a __14__ bag. Inside was a painting that__15__：“A Special Daughter. You’ve __16__ laughter and joy to our lives and so much love to our hearts. The most precious things we can __17__ for you are the things you have given us—__18__ and Love.”
Mom was a __19__ gift giver, but the best gifts we will always remember were her love for __20__ and her love for us.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的母亲喜欢给别人赠送礼物来表达自己的爱意。她用自己的行动表达了爱，传播了生活的美好。
1．A.mattered B．occurred
C．varied D．arose
A 解析：根据空后的“Christmas, birthdays, anniversaries or no occasion at all”可知，母亲的给予是不分场合的，即给予的场合不重要。故A项符合语境。
2．A.wonder B．praise
C．enjoy D．approve
C 解析：根据该句“She was always thinking about who might______ what.”并结合常识可知，送礼物要根据别人的喜好，所以作者的母亲会想别人喜欢什么。故选C项。
3．A.thoughtfulness B．sympathy
C．justice D．authority
A 解析：根据“She was always thinking about who might ______ what.”和空前的“Creativity”可知，作者的母亲经常思考，所送的礼物既要有新意又要很体贴。thoughtfulness 意为“体贴，关切”；sympathy 意为“同情”；justice 意为“公平”；authority意为“权威”。故选A项。
4．A.ignored B．appreciated
C．promised D．resisted
B 解析：根据第一段的第一句“My mother was a gift giver. ”可知，作者的母亲是一个给予者；结合该句中的“Creativity and______ went into the gifts she gave, and she______a thank-you note.”可知，她很欣赏感谢便条。故B项正确。
5．A.assuming B．abusing
C．stating D．correcting
C 解析：根据该句中的“Once she sent out notes to her own children and grandchildren who had not acknowledged gifts，______that they were now on her ‘Fecal Roster(黑名单)’”可知，有一次她给收到礼物却没有表达感谢的孩子和孙子(女)发了纸条，纸条上说他们现在在她的“黑名单”上。assume 意为“假设”；abuse意为“滥用”；state意为“陈述，说明”；correct意为“纠正”。故选C项。
6．A.once B．after
C．when D．until
D 解析：根据该句中的“she had received a proper thank you”并结合上文可知，母亲不会将孩子们(的名字)从“黑名单”上删除，直到她收到一句谢谢。故选D项。
7．A.send B．purchase
C．conduct D．obtain
A 解析：根据上文可知，作者的母亲送礼物的时候，希望得到一句谢谢。send意为“发送”；purchase意为“购买”；conduct意为“进行”；obtain意为“获得”。故选A项。
8．A.moment B．chance
C．festival D．holiday
B 解析：根据第一段第二句中的“Christmas, birthdays, anniversaries or no occasion at all”可知，不只是在节假日，母亲在很多情况下都会准备礼物；结合该句中的“she’d give you another gift the next______ she had”可知，她会在下一次有机会时赠给你另一件礼物。B项意为“机会”，符合语境。
9．A.mistaken B．bad
C．silly D．ridiculous
B 解析：她认为没有礼貌是你的问题，而不是她的问题。得到礼物不回谢应该是没有礼貌的行为，故B项符合语境。
10．A.walked by B．wandered around
C．drove over D．rode away
C 解析：根据空后的“all of us would gather in the driveway as they unloaded luggage”可知，作者的父母是开车过去的。drive over意为“驱车前来”，符合语境，故选C项。
11．A.often B．always
C．never D．seldom
A 解析：根据该句中的“There was always something for the kids”及下文可知，他们总是给孩子们带一些东西，通常是一些小玩具或者是自制的饼干。故选A项。
12．A.tank B．cage
C．container D．holder
C 解析：根据该句中的“a couple of little toys or a big______ of homemade cookies”及常识可知，饼干是放在盒子之类的容器(container)里的。tank 意为“(贮放液体或气体的)箱”；cage意为“笼子”；holder 意为“持有者”，均不符合语境。故选C项。
13．A.fairly B．apparently
C．especially D．simply
D 解析：根据该句和前一句“They weren’t gifts for particular occasions”可知，它们不是为特殊场合而准备的礼物，只是(simply)关于“难道生活不美好吗？”的礼物。“Isn’t life great？” gifts 可以理解为“彰显生活美好的礼物”。故选D项。
14．A.cookie B．toy
C．hand D．gift
D 解析：一个春天，当作者的父母来拜访时，母亲递给作者一个礼物包。结合第一段中的“My mother was a gift giver.”可知，这里指“礼物包”。故选D项。
15．A.read B．told
C．wrote D．appeared
A 解析：根据空后的“A Special Daughter. You’ve...and Love.”并结合该句可知，礼物包里面是一幅画，画上写着下文中的几句话。read“写着”，符合语境。
16．A.showed B．awarded
C．devoted D．brought
D 解析：此处表示，你为“我们”的生活带来欢笑和快乐，对“我们”的爱如此之深。由常识可知，此处表示孩子为父母带来欢声笑语。故选D项。
17．A.apply B．wish
C．recommend D．ask
B 解析：根据该句中的“The most precious things we can______ for you are the things you have given us”可知，父母希望子女得到的是子女给予他们的，即欢声笑语和爱。故选B项。
18．A.Assistance B．Privilege
C．Happiness D．Satisfaction
C 解析：根据上文中的“You’ve______laughter and joy to our lives and so much love to our hearts.”及空后的“Love”并结合选项可知，孩子可以为父母带来幸福和爱。assistance意为“援助”；privilege意为“特权”；happiness意为“幸福”；satisfaction意为“满意”。故选C项。
19．A.extreme B．serious
C．grand D．great
D 解析：根据本文第一句“My mother was a gift giver.”并结合上下文可知，母亲是一个极好的礼物赠送者。故选D项。
20．A.life B．kids
C．families D．gifts
A 解析：根据该句中的“but the best gifts we will always remember were her love for______and her love for us”可知，此处表示“我们”永远记得她给的最好的礼物是她对生活的热爱和她对“我们”的爱。从文中作者母亲的行为可以看出作者的母亲对生活的热爱。故A项符合语境。
语法填空
At my workplace there aren’t enough 1.____________(opportunity) to be different.We give care to others but sometimes we forget to care for 2.____________(we) and each other.
So, I print 3.____________(inspire) messages, happy pictures, etc.and post them on a blank space 4.____________ I’ve found in one of our rooms.I believe they add to our “emotional education”．
One person asked me，“Why do you try to help these people？They are not very nice.” My answer 5.____________(be)，“If it affects one person then it’s a good thing.” It doesn’t matter whether it has an impact 6.____________ anyone else.What matters is that I’m the 7.____________(good) person I can be.
I know those 8.____________(print) stories and articles are read because they keep getting moved about.So, 9.____________(eventual), like sandpaper against a rough surface, 10.____________ surface will become smooth and the messages will get through.How long it takes really doesn’t matter.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们关爱别人的同时，也不要忘记关爱自己。
1．opportunities 解析：考查名词。根据空前的“there aren’t”可知，there be句型中的主语应用复数形式。
2．ourselves 解析：考查代词。句意：但有时我们忘记了关心自己和互相关心。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，且主语和宾语表达相同的意思，故此处使用反身代词。
3．inspiring 解析：考查词性转换。根据语境可知，所填词为定语，修饰messages，故用形容词inspiring“令人鼓舞的”。
4．that/which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词a blank space，且在从句中作宾语，故用that/which。
5．was 解析：考查动词时态。根据上文中的“One person asked me”可知，此处也应用一般过去时态。
6．on 解析：考查介词。此处是固定搭配have an impact on...“对……有影响”。
7．best 解析：考查形容词最高级。根据空前的“the”可知，此处应用最高级，故填best。
8．printed 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在此作前置定语修饰stories and articles，且print与stories and articles之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故此处使用过去分词作定语。
9．eventually 解析：考查副词。根据语境可知，此处应使用副词eventually作状语修饰整个句子。
10．the 解析：考查冠词。此处surface为特指，空处应使用the。
趣味导引
《黑暗物质》三部曲是英国作家菲利普·普尔曼创作的奇幻小说。让我们从中领略一下作者丰富的想象力吧……
Enjoy the Book Series—His Dark Materials
My three girls and I all love to read. I mean LOVE it! We also like to discuss books we read together. It is always a joy to come across a book or series that engages① all of us and ends with long conversations we all learn from. While I do not feel these books are age appropriate② for my 8 years old，even with an advanced reading level，it is for my 13 and 17 years olds. After The Golden Compass，they both fought over who would get to read The Subtle Knife first.
Based on some of the reviews，much of this series seems to personally offend③ anyone who is Christian. It seems like anything that is threatening their beliefs is dangerous and negative. However，I think it is a good thing to have your beliefs challenged; it makes you use your minds，question things，and create thoughts！
I would much rather have my girls read something they didn’t agree with and found distasteful④ than have their right to read what they wanted to deny. I am grateful for the freedom they experience in our country and the opportunities they are afforded because of it—opportunities to read something like these books that will make them use their minds，for example！
It comes down to⑤ this: If you are someone who likes to read，likes to be entertained，likes to use your imagination，and likes to think for yourself rather than allow someone else to think for you，you will find value in this series！
[词海拾贝]
engage [?n'ɡe?d?] vt. 吸引住；雇用；与(某人)交战
appropriate [?'pr??pr??t] adj. 恰当的，合适的
offend [?'fend] vt. 冒犯，得罪；违反
distasteful [d?s'te?stfl] adj. 使人不愉快的，令人反感的，讨厌的
come down to 归结起来为
Section Ⅰ Warm-up & Lesson 1—Comprehending
Pompeii①：The city that became a time capsule②
Around the end of the first century AD, a Roman writer called Pliny③ wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption④ that he had witnessed⑤ as a young man. The eruption had occurred⑥ on August 24th, 79 AD. The earth began to tremble⑦and a volcano named Vesuvius, near Pompeii, Italy, erupted.Pliny described⑧ a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out⑨ the sun and burying everything in its path⑩， including? whole villages and towns.
This particularly? sad event left a deep impression on Pliny who had lost an uncle in the eruption. Yet, over the centuries, there was a greater loss?.The people, towns and villages that had disappeared under? the ashes were entirely forgotten by the world?.
①Pompeii庞培(古城名)，位于意大利境内，于公元79年8月24日被维苏威火山爆发时产生的火山灰掩埋。
②capsule['k?psju?l]n.胶囊；太空舱
③called Pliny为过去分词作后置定语。
④volcanic eruption [v?l'k?nIk I'r?p??n]火山爆发
⑤witness ['wItnIs]v.目击；其所在的that从句作定语修饰a terrible volcanic eruption。
⑥occur [?'k? ?]vi.发生
⑦tremble ['tremb?l]vi.颤抖，发抖
⑧describe vt.描述；形容；describe...as...把……称为……
⑨block out堵住
⑩coming...blocking以及burying为现在分词作定语。
?including prep.包括……在内； included adj.包括……在内的
?particularly [p?'tIkj?l?li] adv.特别地，特定地
?loss [l?s] n．遗失；丢失；lost adj.迷路的；丢失的；lose v．丢失；失去
?under prep.在……下面
?the world指“世人”。
庞培——一座变成“时间舱”的城市
公元1世纪末左右，一位名叫普林尼的罗马作家描述了他在青年时代亲眼目睹的一次可怕的火山喷发。这次火山喷发发生在公元79年8月24日。大地开始颤抖，一座位于意大利庞培城附近的名为维苏威的火山爆发了。普林尼描述道，一团云自山巅而降，遮天蔽日，将所经之处的一切，包括整座村庄和城镇统统吞没。
这个极其令人悲伤的事件给普林尼留下了深刻的印象，他的一位叔叔在这次火山爆发中丧生。然而，几百年后，有了更大的损失，消失在火山灰下面的人们、城镇以及村庄完全被世人遗忘了。
However, more than 1，600 years later, some scientists found the lost towns that had been buried under the ashes. By? 1748, they had found an awesome? historical site.They had started to dig out? the ancient city of Pompeii.
In a way?， Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving? a frozen moment in history. Before the eruption occurred, it had been a booming Roman city with temples, markets, restaurants and theatres.Now as you walk along the streets of the city, time rewinds. You can admire the ancient architecture， statues, decorated walls and authentic objects characteristic of the time.However, much more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.
?by prep. 到……为止
?awesome ['??s?m] adj.令人敬畏的
?dig out 挖掘出
?in a way从某种程度上说
?preserve[prI'z??v] vt.保护，保存
preserving...是现在分词作定语。
rewind [ri?waInd] v．倒回
architecture[ 'ɑ?kItekt??] n．建筑
authentic [??'θentIk] adj.原作的，真正的
characteristic [k?rIkt?'rIstIk] adj.典型的
be caught in 遇到……
it is...that...为强调句型；who引导定语从句。
monument ['m?nj?m?nt] n．纪念碑，纪念堂
但是，1 600多年后，一些科学家发现了被埋在火山灰下的遗失的城镇。到了1748年，他们已经发现了一处令人敬畏的历史遗址。他们开始挖掘庞培古城。
在某种程度上，庞培古城如同一个“时间舱”， 保存了历史上一个被封存的瞬间。火山爆发前，庞培是罗马的一座繁华的城市，庙宇、集市、餐馆和剧院遍布全城。如今，当你沿着城中的街道漫步时，时间回到了过去。你可以欣赏那些古老的建筑、雕像、装饰过的墙壁和那时特有的真正的物品。但是，与城里的建筑以及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的形态则更使这座城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。
The bodies of people who had died in Pompeii left impressions in the ash that showed their exact shapes. As you walk, you will pass people gathered together for protection in their last hours of life. One person, sitting alone, looks like he is praying. Another man, lying on his side， looks as if he is trying to get up.One can only feel sorrow and deep sympathy for these once-living statues.
Today, more than 250 years after scientists found the city, thousands of tourists and hundreds of scientists visit Pompeii every year to learn more about the ancient world.In this way, the city, which the world had once forgotten, lives on nearly 2，000 years after its loss.
,gather ['ɡ?e?] v．聚集
pray v．祷告；祈祷
another另一个(人或者事物)
on one’s side侧身；on the side作为副业，兼职；by the side of 在……旁边
lying on his side 是现在分词短语作定语
sorrow ['s?r??] n．悲伤，难过； sorrowful adj.悲伤的
sympathy ['sImp?θi] n．同情
thousands of 成千上万的
那些在庞培古城中死去的人的身体在显示他们确切形态的灰烬中留下了痕迹。当你走过去时，你会看到在生命的最后时刻聚集在一起以寻求保护的人们。一个独自坐着的人看上去像是在祈祷。躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像是在试图站立起来。对这些曾经活着的雕像，人们只能感到悲痛和深切的同情。
在科学家们发现庞培古城250多年后的今天，每年都有成千上万的游客和数以百计的科学家来参观庞培古城以更多地了解这个古老的世界。这样，在消失了近2 000年后，这座曾经一度被世人遗忘的城市又复活了。
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．You may feel ________ when you see the bodies of people who had died in Pompeii.
A．unbelievable B．ridiculous
C．puzzled D．sorrow and deep sympathy
2．Why is Pompeii like a “time capsule”？
A．Because the city is a monument to human history.
B．Because the city can keep the moment frozen.
C．Because the volcanic eruption preserved buildings, objects and even impression of people from the time.
D．Because the booming city was destroyed by the volcanic eruption.
3．Why did the city uncovered look almost the same as it had looked in 79 AD?
A．Because nobody had lived in the city ever since the volcano erupted.
B．Because scientists dug it slowly and carefully.
C．Because the city was buried alive and remained untouched.
D．Because scientists rebuilt the city with statues.
4．If you visit Pompeii today, you can see ________ in the street.
A．ancient architectures
B．statues and decorated walls
C．authentic objects
D．all of the above
答案： 1－4.DCCD
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path, including whole villages and towns.
本句是一个________句。其中coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying...是并列的____________短语作cloud的________； including whole villages and towns 是介词短语，在句中作________，修饰everything。
[尝试翻译] 普林尼描述道，__________________，遮天蔽日，将所经之处的一切，__________________统统吞没。
答案：简单；现在分词；定语；定语；一团云自山巅而降；包括整座村庄和城镇
2．The bodies of people who had died in Pompeii left impressions in the ash that showed their exact shapes.
本句是一个主从复合句。who引导的是________从句，修饰先行词people；that引导的是________从句，修饰先行词the ash。
[尝试翻译] ________________________人的身体在________________________灰烬中留下了痕迹。
答案：定语；定语；那些在庞培古城中死去的；显示他们确切形态的
A卷
阅读理解
A
Theory of mind is what allows us to assess the mental states (thoughts, feelings, beliefs) of others based on a whole host of input, and to use that assessment to predict and explain what people are thinking. Theory of mind allows us to defeat competitors in business and avoid being cheated in turn, as well as know the unspoken things of romantic(爱情的) relationships.
Unfortunately, men have gotten the short end of the stick when it comes to theory of mind. Girls tend to develop theirs faster than boys, and women generally do better on theory of mind tasks than men.
Fortunately, it’s a skill that can be cultivated,__and reading fiction is one way to do so. Studies show that when we read fiction, the parts of our brain responsible for theory of mind light up and keep working. Narratives require us to guess at the hidden purposes of characters, figure out what their enemies or lovers may or may not be thinking, as well as keep track of all the social interactions(社交) between them.
When it comes to building the muscle of our theory of mind, Jane Austen’s novels are like barbells(杠铃)．They’re all about relationships and what everyone thinks about those relationships. Austen’s novels are filled with many characters who constantly guess at the thoughts and intentions of the other characters; each communicates with the others in complex ways that influence the relationships of nearly everyone in the book. For example, in Pride and Prejudice, there are almost 50 different characters, and all of them connect with each other in some subtle way. Keeping track of this web of relationships and figuring out what all those subtle 19th-century British social gestures really mean, become a useful exercise in theory of mind. Whenever I finish a Jane Austen novel, I thus feel a bit more socially smart.
【解题导语】 作者认为男人多读简·奥斯汀的小说有助于他们发展心智理论，更好地读懂他人的想法。
1．What does Paragraph 1 tell us about theory of mind?
A．It’s mainly used by businessmen.
B．It is hardly used in our daily life.
C．It doesn’t really benefit relationships.
D．It helps us know about others’ thoughts.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Theory of mind is what allows us to assess the mental states...that assessment to predict and explain what people are thinking.”可知，这种理论有助于我们知道他人的想法。
2．Compared with women, men generally ________．
A．have more theory of mind tasks
B．are weak in using theory of mind
C．develop theory of mind earlier
D．consider theory of mind more important
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Girls tend to develop theirs faster than boys, and women generally do better on theory of mind tasks than men.”可知，女性比男性能够更好地使用心智理论。
3．What is the meaning of the underlined word “cultivated” in Paragraph 3?
A．Developed. B．Found.
C．Changed. D．Replaced.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的develop和第三段后面讲述对于这种能力的培养方式可知，划线词意为“培养”。
4．What does the author mainly want to show by comparing Jane Austen’s novels to barbells?
A．Her novels are difficult to read.
B．Her novels have characters with special thoughts.
C．Her novels are all about relationships.
D．Her novels are good for theory of mind training.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“They’re all about relationships and...guess at the thoughts and intentions of the other characters”以及“Keeping track of this web of relationships...I thus feel a bit more socially smart.”可知，这里的比喻是为了表明简·奥斯汀的小说有助于训练我们的心智理论。
B
If you look for a book as a present for a child，you will be spoiled for choice even in a year when there is no new Harry Potter. J．K. Rowling’s wizard is not alone: the past decade has been a harvest for good children’s books，which has set off a large quantity of films and in turn led to increased sales of classics，such as The Lord of the Rings.
Yet despite that，reading is increasingly unpopular among children. According to statistics，in 1997, 23% said they didn’t like reading at all. In 2015，35% did. And around 6% of children leave primary school each year unable to read properly.
Maybe the decline is caused by the increasing availability of computer games. Maybe the books boom has affected only the top of the educational pile. Either way，Chancellor Cordon Brown plans to change things for the bottom of the class. In his pre-budget report，he announced the national project of Reading Recovery to help the children struggling most.
Reading Recovery is aimed at six-year-olds，who receive four months of individual daily half-hour classes with a specially trained teacher. An evaluation earlier this year reported that children on the scheme made 20 months’ progress in just one year，whereas similarly weak readers without special help made just five months’ progress，and so ended the year even further below the level expected for their age.
International research tends to find that when British children leave primary school they read well，but read less often for fun than those elsewhere. Reading for fun matters because children who are keen on reading can expect lifelong pleasure and loving books is an excellent indicator of future educational success. According to the OECD，being a regular and enthusiastic reader is of great advantage.
5．Which of the following is TRUE of Paragraph 1?
A．Many children’s books have been adapted from films.
B．Many high-quality children’s books have been published.
C．The sales of classics have led to the popularity of films.
D．The sales of presents for children have increased.
B 解析：细节理解题。由“...the past decade has been a harvest for good children’s books...”可知此题选B。A、C两项因果错位；D项文中未提到。
6．Statistics suggested that________．
A．the number of top students increased with the use of computers
B．a decreasing number of children showed interest in reading
C．a minority of primary school children read properly
D．a large percentage of children read regularly
B 解析：细节理解题。从第二段所给出的数据可判断B项正确。
7．What do we know about Reading Recovery?
A．An evaluation of it will be made sometime this year.
B．Weak readers on the project were the most hardworking.
C．It aims to train special teachers to help children with reading.
D．Children on the project showed noticeable progress in reading.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“...children on the scheme made 20 months’ progress in just one year...”可知D项正确。A、C两项与事实不符；B项文中未提到。
8．The aim of this text would probably be________．
A．to overcome primary school pupils’ reading difficulty
B．to encourage the publication of more children’s books
C．to remind children of the importance of reading for fun
D．to introduce a way to improve early childhood reading
D 解析：写作意图题。本文首先提出儿童不喜欢读书的现象逐渐加剧的问题，而后针对此问题提出了阅读复兴计划，由此可知该文章旨在介绍一种促进儿童读书的方法。故选D。
C
From my earliest memories，I felt as if my mother was preparing me for something special. When entering a room，her entire focus was on me. I felt as if I was the center of her universe—a great feeling. Offering her the same respect，I intently listened to her stories without interrupting；I tried to return that feeling of being truly loved.
Even though there was always deep affection flowing between us，she wasn’t a softy. She worked hard and expected her children to do the same. I began working in our little corner grocery store by age eight and managed it by the age of twelve. She appreciated my hard work and treated me as an equal. I learned that I could do anything if I tried hard enough. I learned to depend on myself.
My mother always supported my decisions，but also shared her concerns. When I decided to retire early from teaching to teach and write about etiquette(礼仪)，she announced her concerns. She worried that there wasn’t a market for it—my mother，always the business person. Nevertheless，by the end of our conversation she encouraged me with“With your training and love of people，you are perfect for this.”
By example，my mother taught me how to show respect for others. She gave me my listening skills，my empathy and my manners. Through her，I learned to be strong，to follow my heart and to work hard. I never give up. If not for this，I wouldn’t be a successful business owner and good friend to all.
【解题导语】 作者和母亲感情深厚。母亲很爱作者，也教会了作者尊重他人，并使作者具备了独立、勇敢和坚定等可贵品质。
9．The author carefully listened to her mother’s stories because________．
A．the stories were very interesting
B．she liked listening to stories very much
C．the stories were about something special
D．she tried to show her respect for her mother
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者从小就觉得母亲非常爱她，作者也同样爱和尊重自己的母亲。
10．What was the author’s mother worried about according to Paragraph 3?
A．The author would lose her job.
B．The author would live a poor life.
C．The author’s books would be hard to sell.
D．The author wouldn’t be good at business.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句和第三句可知，作者决定提前退休去教礼仪并写这方面的书，而她母亲担心作者的书没有市场，卖不出去。
11．What can we learn from the text?
A．The author had a brother and a sister.
B．The author’s mother was very strict with her.
C．The author became a well-known writer at last.
D．The author began to manage the store by age eight.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，母亲把作者当作大人一样对待，对作者很严格，故B项正确。A项在文中没有信息依据；根据文章最后一句可知，作者最后成为成功的商人，而不是畅销书作家，故C项错误；根据第二段第三句可知，作者8岁开始在街角的商店工作，12岁时才开始经营它，故D项错误。
12．Which of the following can best describe the author’s mother?
A．Brave and determined.
B．Smart and honest.
C．Proud but patient.
D．Strong but careless.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者从母亲身上学到了尊重他人、勇敢和坚定等优秀品质。由此可推知，作者的母亲是一个勇敢而又意志坚定的人。
七选五
While you are travelling abroad, cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes, which can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill feeling between individuals. 1.________
·Touching Someone
2．________ In Mediterranean countries, if you don’t touch someone’s arm when talking to them or if you don’t greet them with kisses or a warm hug, you’ll be considered cold. But backslap(拍背) someone who isn’t a family member or a good friend in Korea, and you’ll make them uncomfortable. In Thailand, the head is considered sacred—never even pat a child on the head.
·Talking over Dinner
In some countries, like China, Japan and some African nations, the food is the thing, so don’t start chatting about your day’s adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner.
3．________ It’s not because your group is unfriendly, but because mealtimes are for eating, not talking.
·Removing Your Shoes or Not
Take off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you uncivilized, but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and you’ll be considered disrespectful. So, if you see a row of shoes at the door, start undoing your laces. 4.________
Once you are on the ground of a different country, remain highly sensitive to native behavior. 5.________ And don’t feel offended if something seems offensive—like queue jumping. After all, this is a global village, and we are all very different.
A．Personal space varies as you travel the globe.
B．Asians consider removing shoes impolite at home.
C．Never be completely surprised by anything.
D．The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his idea.
E．Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them.
F．If not, keep the shoes on.
G．You’ll likely be met with silence.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，讲述了一些出国旅游时应当注意的文化上的错误。
1．E 解析：该空是一个总结句，用来引出下面要提到的话题，起承上启下的作用，故选E项。
2．A 解析：结合小标题“Touching Someone”及下文提到的不同国家对于触碰有不同的习俗可知，不同的地方对个人空间的理解各不相同。故选A项。
3．G 解析：上文介绍在中国、日本和一些非洲国家，吃饭时不要闲谈。由此可知，吃饭时要保持沉默，只有G项与此相关。故选G项。
4．F 解析：该空与前一句是相反的情况，上文提到“如果你在门口看到一排鞋子，就松开你的鞋带”，接下来就应当描写与之相反的情况，故选F项。
5．C 解析：从空后的“And don’t ...like queue jumping.”可知，此空与该句表并列关系，也应是“不要……”，故选C项。
B卷
阅读理解
When I was a boy there were no smart phones，and our television only got one channel clearly.Still，I was never bored.The fields，hills，and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake.At the backside of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before.It was full of muddy tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides，but exploring it still seemed like a fine adventure.
I walked on and on for hours.I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ear “Turn around and head back home”，but I was stubborn，so I walked on.There was still neither a car nor a house in sight.I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared.I didn’t want to end up trapped on this road，and I was worried that it would be dark before I could make my way back to the lake again.
I continued to walk on with something growing inside of me.My heart was pounding and my legs were aching.I was almost in tears when I turned one last curve and saw something in the distance.It was a house that I recognized.I jumped up and down and laughed out loud.It was still over a mile away but my legs felt like feathers and I hurried back to my house in no time.I walked in with a big smile on my face just in time for dinner.
I remembered this recently when I saw a sign that said “All roads lead home”．It is true.In life，all roads，no matter how they twist and turn，can lead us home again.What is important，though，is how we travel them.Are we going to go forth in fear or are we going to go forth in faith？Are we going to make this life a terrible trip or are we going to make this life a joyful journey？The choice is ours.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己童年时期的快乐的时光，并通过童年时经历的一件事告诉我们，人生中最重要的是对待生活的态度。
1．Why did the author hardly feel bored when he was young?
A．Because he could have fun in nature.
B．Because he could watch TV all day.
C．Because he had many friends.
D．Because he used to explore the old dirt road.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The fields，hills，and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground.I can remember once hiking to a nearby lake.”可知，在童年时期，作者可以到大自然中尽情地玩耍，所以不会觉得无聊。
2．How did the author feel when he was exploring the dirt road?
A．He thought he would be scolded by his parents.
B．He felt contradictory in mind.
C．He thought he would be trapped in the woods.
D．He was unconscious.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ear ‘Turn around and head back home’，but I was stubborn，so I walked on.” 可知，在探险之初，作者虽想放弃，但还是选择了继续走下去；根据下文可知，作者虽然担心害怕，但仍然继续前行。由此可推知，在探险过程中他的内心是矛盾的。
3．What does “something” probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Doubt. B．Hope.
C．Courage. D．Fear.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中的“I grew scared”及第三段中的“My heart was pounding and my legs were aching.”可推知，由于天越来越黑，作者一直未能找到回家的路，他的内心越来越恐惧。由此可推知，something在此指“恐惧”。故选D。
4．What does the author mainly intend to tell us?
A．Always make choices on our own.
B．All roads lead home.
C．It’s our attitude that matters in our life.
D．Every effort is worthwhile.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“What is important，though，is how we travel them.Are we going to go forth in fear or are we going to go forth in faith？Are we going to make this life a terrible trip or are we going to make this life a joyful journey？”可知，作者想要告诉我们的是生活中态度才是重要的。
完形填空
My mother was a gift giver. The occasion never __1__—Christmas, birthdays, anniversaries or no occasion at all.
She was always thinking about who might __2__ what. Creativity and __3__ went into the gifts she gave, and she __4__ a thank-you note. Once she sent out notes to her own children and grandchildren who had not acknowledged gifts, __5__ that they were now on her “Fecal Roster (黑名单)” and would not be removed __6__ she had received a proper thank you.
Even if you didn’t__7__ a thank you, she’d give you another gift the next __8__ she had.She figured __9__ manners were your problem, not hers.
Every time Mom and Dad __10__ to visit, all of us would gather in the driveway as they unloaded luggage. There was always something for the kids, __11__ a couple of little toys or a big __12__ of homemade cookies. They weren’t gifts for particular occasions. They were __13__ “Isn’t life great？” gifts.
One spring when they came to visit, she handed me a __14__ bag. Inside was a painting that__15__：“A Special Daughter. You’ve __16__ laughter and joy to our lives and so much love to our hearts. The most precious things we can __17__ for you are the things you have given us—__18__ and Love.”
Mom was a __19__ gift giver, but the best gifts we will always remember were her love for __20__ and her love for us.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的母亲喜欢给别人赠送礼物来表达自己的爱意。她用自己的行动表达了爱，传播了生活的美好。
1．A.mattered B．occurred
C．varied D．arose
A 解析：根据空后的“Christmas, birthdays, anniversaries or no occasion at all”可知，母亲的给予是不分场合的，即给予的场合不重要。故A项符合语境。
2．A.wonder B．praise
C．enjoy D．approve
C 解析：根据该句“She was always thinking about who might______ what.”并结合常识可知，送礼物要根据别人的喜好，所以作者的母亲会想别人喜欢什么。故选C项。
3．A.thoughtfulness B．sympathy
C．justice D．authority
A 解析：根据“She was always thinking about who might ______ what.”和空前的“Creativity”可知，作者的母亲经常思考，所送的礼物既要有新意又要很体贴。thoughtfulness 意为“体贴，关切”；sympathy 意为“同情”；justice 意为“公平”；authority意为“权威”。故选A项。
4．A.ignored B．appreciated
C．promised D．resisted
B 解析：根据第一段的第一句“My mother was a gift giver. ”可知，作者的母亲是一个给予者；结合该句中的“Creativity and______ went into the gifts she gave, and she______a thank-you note.”可知，她很欣赏感谢便条。故B项正确。
5．A.assuming B．abusing
C．stating D．correcting
C 解析：根据该句中的“Once she sent out notes to her own children and grandchildren who had not acknowledged gifts，______that they were now on her ‘Fecal Roster(黑名单)’”可知，有一次她给收到礼物却没有表达感谢的孩子和孙子(女)发了纸条，纸条上说他们现在在她的“黑名单”上。assume 意为“假设”；abuse意为“滥用”；state意为“陈述，说明”；correct意为“纠正”。故选C项。
6．A.once B．after
C．when D．until
D 解析：根据该句中的“she had received a proper thank you”并结合上文可知，母亲不会将孩子们(的名字)从“黑名单”上删除，直到她收到一句谢谢。故选D项。
7．A.send B．purchase
C．conduct D．obtain
A 解析：根据上文可知，作者的母亲送礼物的时候，希望得到一句谢谢。send意为“发送”；purchase意为“购买”；conduct意为“进行”；obtain意为“获得”。故选A项。
8．A.moment B．chance
C．festival D．holiday
B 解析：根据第一段第二句中的“Christmas, birthdays, anniversaries or no occasion at all”可知，不只是在节假日，母亲在很多情况下都会准备礼物；结合该句中的“she’d give you another gift the next______ she had”可知，她会在下一次有机会时赠给你另一件礼物。B项意为“机会”，符合语境。
9．A.mistaken B．bad
C．silly D．ridiculous
B 解析：她认为没有礼貌是你的问题，而不是她的问题。得到礼物不回谢应该是没有礼貌的行为，故B项符合语境。
10．A.walked by B．wandered around
C．drove over D．rode away
C 解析：根据空后的“all of us would gather in the driveway as they unloaded luggage”可知，作者的父母是开车过去的。drive over意为“驱车前来”，符合语境，故选C项。
11．A.often B．always
C．never D．seldom
A 解析：根据该句中的“There was always something for the kids”及下文可知，他们总是给孩子们带一些东西，通常是一些小玩具或者是自制的饼干。故选A项。
12．A.tank B．cage
C．container D．holder
C 解析：根据该句中的“a couple of little toys or a big______ of homemade cookies”及常识可知，饼干是放在盒子之类的容器(container)里的。tank 意为“(贮放液体或气体的)箱”；cage意为“笼子”；holder 意为“持有者”，均不符合语境。故选C项。
13．A.fairly B．apparently
C．especially D．simply
D 解析：根据该句和前一句“They weren’t gifts for particular occasions”可知，它们不是为特殊场合而准备的礼物，只是(simply)关于“难道生活不美好吗？”的礼物。“Isn’t life great？” gifts 可以理解为“彰显生活美好的礼物”。故选D项。
14．A.cookie B．toy
C．hand D．gift
D 解析：一个春天，当作者的父母来拜访时，母亲递给作者一个礼物包。结合第一段中的“My mother was a gift giver.”可知，这里指“礼物包”。故选D项。
15．A.read B．told
C．wrote D．appeared
A 解析：根据空后的“A Special Daughter. You’ve...and Love.”并结合该句可知，礼物包里面是一幅画，画上写着下文中的几句话。read“写着”，符合语境。
16．A.showed B．awarded
C．devoted D．brought
D 解析：此处表示，你为“我们”的生活带来欢笑和快乐，对“我们”的爱如此之深。由常识可知，此处表示孩子为父母带来欢声笑语。故选D项。
17．A.apply B．wish
C．recommend D．ask
B 解析：根据该句中的“The most precious things we can______ for you are the things you have given us”可知，父母希望子女得到的是子女给予他们的，即欢声笑语和爱。故选B项。
18．A.Assistance B．Privilege
C．Happiness D．Satisfaction
C 解析：根据上文中的“You’ve______laughter and joy to our lives and so much love to our hearts.”及空后的“Love”并结合选项可知，孩子可以为父母带来幸福和爱。assistance意为“援助”；privilege意为“特权”；happiness意为“幸福”；satisfaction意为“满意”。故选C项。
19．A.extreme B．serious
C．grand D．great
D 解析：根据本文第一句“My mother was a gift giver.”并结合上下文可知，母亲是一个极好的礼物赠送者。故选D项。
20．A.life B．kids
C．families D．gifts
A 解析：根据该句中的“but the best gifts we will always remember were her love for______and her love for us”可知，此处表示“我们”永远记得她给的最好的礼物是她对生活的热爱和她对“我们”的爱。从文中作者母亲的行为可以看出作者的母亲对生活的热爱。故A项符合语境。
语法填空
At my workplace there aren’t enough 1.____________(opportunity) to be different.We give care to others but sometimes we forget to care for 2.____________(we) and each other.
So, I print 3.____________(inspire) messages, happy pictures, etc.and post them on a blank space 4.____________ I’ve found in one of our rooms.I believe they add to our “emotional education”．
One person asked me，“Why do you try to help these people？They are not very nice.” My answer 5.____________(be)，“If it affects one person then it’s a good thing.” It doesn’t matter whether it has an impact 6.____________ anyone else.What matters is that I’m the 7.____________(good) person I can be.
I know those 8.____________(print) stories and articles are read because they keep getting moved about.So, 9.____________(eventual), like sandpaper against a rough surface, 10.____________ surface will become smooth and the messages will get through.How long it takes really doesn’t matter.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们关爱别人的同时，也不要忘记关爱自己。
1．opportunities 解析：考查名词。根据空前的“there aren’t”可知，there be句型中的主语应用复数形式。
2．ourselves 解析：考查代词。句意：但有时我们忘记了关心自己和互相关心。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，且主语和宾语表达相同的意思，故此处使用反身代词。
3．inspiring 解析：考查词性转换。根据语境可知，所填词为定语，修饰messages，故用形容词inspiring“令人鼓舞的”。
4．that/which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词a blank space，且在从句中作宾语，故用that/which。
5．was 解析：考查动词时态。根据上文中的“One person asked me”可知，此处也应用一般过去时态。
6．on 解析：考查介词。此处是固定搭配have an impact on...“对……有影响”。
7．best 解析：考查形容词最高级。根据空前的“the”可知，此处应用最高级，故填best。
8．printed 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在此作前置定语修饰stories and articles，且print与stories and articles之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故此处使用过去分词作定语。
9．eventually 解析：考查副词。根据语境可知，此处应使用副词eventually作状语修饰整个句子。
10．the 解析：考查冠词。此处surface为特指，空处应使用the。
课件28张PPT。Unit 16 StoriesUnit 16 StoriesUnit 16 StoriesUnit 16 Stories本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．The scientist has ____________(放弃) his research for lack of money.
答案：abandoned
2．We were shocked by the violent scenes we had ____________(见证) with our eyes.
答案：witnessed
3．I enjoy the play, ____________(尤其) the second half.
答案：particularly
4．The big forest fire caused a great ____________(损失) of 20 million dollars.
答案：loss
5．She was anxious to ____________(保存) the food for winter.
答案：preserve
6．He took the trouble to ____________(搜集) necessary information for me.
答案：gather
7．We should have ____________(同情) for the disabled instead of laughing at them.
答案：sympathy
8．An idea ____________(想到) to me that I should turn to my former teacher for help.
答案：occurred
单句改错
1．The man is standing there as if he was a stone.
____________________
答案：was→were
2．It was in Paris where he made a few good friends.
____________________
答案：where→that
3．He pulled the curtain to block of the strong sunlight.
____________________
答案：of→out
4．I don’t know why she has no sympathy to the poor.
____________________
答案：to→for
5．The restaurant is particular popular with young people.
____________________
答案：particular→particularly
完成句子
1．请把废物放进在各位右手边提供的塑料袋里。
Please put the waste in the plastic bags ________________________．
答案：provided on your right
2．这个女孩非常喜欢阅读莫言的小说。
The girl likes reading the novels ____________________．
答案：written by Mo Yan
3．他是在第二次世界大战期间死亡的吗？
____________ during the Second World War ________ he died?
答案：Was it；that
4．是张艺谋在2016年导演的电影《长城》吗？
____________ Zhang Yimou ________ directed the film The Great Wall in 2016?
答案：Was it；that
5．他们把他们的家、 热情和食物都给了我， 好像我就是他们的家人。
They offered their homes, hearts, and food to me ____________________ their own family.
答案：as if I were
课文语法填空
Pliny was a Roman writer who 1.____________(witness) and written about a volcanic eruption which 2.____________(occur) on August 24th, 79 AD and the volcano was Mt.Vesuvius.The tragedy had left a deep 3.____________(impress) on Pliny who had lost his uncle in the accident.The people, towns and villages 4.____________(bury) under the ashes of Mt.Vesuvius.By 1748, scientists had started to dig 5.____________ the ancient city of Pompeii.It is like a “time capsule” 6.____________(preserve) a frozen moment in history.Not only did the buildings and authentic objects of Pompeii attract people, but also the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster have made the city 7.____________ monument to human history.The bodies of people who had died in Pompeii showed their exact shapes of 8.____________(get) together for protection in their last hours of life.Today, since excavations started, people and scientists visit Pompeii every year to learn more about the ancient world.In this way, the city, 9.____________ the world had once forgotten, lives on nearly 2，000 years after its 10.____________(lose)．
答案：1.had witnessed 2.occurred 3.impression 4.had been buried 5.out 6.preserving 7.a 8.getting
9．which 10.loss
A卷
单句语法填空
1．All the people burst into ____________(laugh) when they saw the clown step onto the stage.
答案：laughter
2．____________(loss) in thought, the scientist knocked into a tree.
答案：Lost
3．The old man was so kind that he took the ____________(abandon) boy to his home.
答案：abandoned
4．Recent reports reminded us to preserve children ____________ accidental injuries even at home.
答案：from
5．____________ never occurred to me that I suddenly met an old friend in such a place.
答案：It
6．As soon as you arrive at the station, the monument will come ____________ view.
答案：into
7．The girl was standing there, ____________(tremble) with cold.
答案：trembling
8．While he was walking in the street, he was knocked ____________ by a young boy.
答案：over
9．It was his kindness and patience ____________ won him so much praise.
答案：that
10．She was talking there as if she ____________(be) to every corner in the world.
答案：had been
阅读理解
Informal conversation is an important part of any business relationship. Before you start a discussion, however, make sure you understand which topics are suitable and which are considered taboos (禁忌) in a particular culture. Latin Americans enjoy sharing information about their local history, art, and customs. They expect questions about their family and are sure to show pictures of their children. You may feel free to ask similar questions of your Latin American friends. The French think of conversation as an art form, and they enjoy the value of lively discussions as well as disagreements. For them, arguments can be interesting—and they can cover pretty much or any topic—as long as they occur in a respectful and intelligent(智慧的) manner.
In the United States, business people like to discuss a wide range of topics, including opinions about work, family, hobbies, and politics. In Japan, China and Korea, however, people are much more private. They do not share much about their thoughts, feelings, or emotions because they feel that doing so might take away from the harmonious(和谐的) business relationship they’re trying to build. Middle Easterners are also private about their personal lives and family matters. It is considered rude, for example, to ask a businessman from Saudi Arabia about his wife or children.
As a general rule, it’s best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends. This can get you into trouble, even in the United States, where people hold different views. In addition, discussing one’s salary is usually considered unsuitable. Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world, although be careful not to criticize a national sport. Instead, be friendly and praise your host’s team.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了不同国家非正式谈话的常见话题和一些禁忌。
1．The author considers politics and religion ________．
A．cheerful topics B．taboos
C．rude topics D．too serious
B 解析：细节理解题。从最后一段第一句话可知答案选B。
2．We typically talk about ________in a friendly way in most places according to the author.
A．sports B．children
C．personal feelings D．families
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world...”可知答案选A。
3．Why are people from Asia more private in their conversation with others?
A．They don’t want to talk with others much.
B．They don’t want to have their good relationship with others harmed by informal conversation.
C．They are afraid to argue with their colleagues.
D．They want to keep their feelings to themselves.
B 解析：推理判断题。从第二段第三句话可以推知，日本人、中国人、韩国人不分享他们的思想、感受及情感，是因为他们认为会破坏和谐的商业关系。
4．In which country may it be suitable to talk about the family with your business friends?
A．In France. B．In Saudi Arabia.
C．In Korea. D．In the U．S.A.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知答案为D。
完形填空
One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to a quiet view of the masterpieces(杰作)．
A young couple__1__the paintings ahead of me chatted __2__between themselves. I watched them for a moment and __3__the lady was doing all the talking. I admired the man’s patience for __4__her constant flood of words. Annoyed by their noise，I moved on.
I met them several times as I moved through the various rooms of art.__5__I heard her constant flood of words，I moved away __6__．
I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a __7__when the couple approached the exit. Before they left，the man __8__his pocket and pulled out a white object. He extended(展开)it into a long walking stick and then __9__his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a __10__man，”the clerk at the counter said.“Most of us would __11__if we were blinded at such a young age. During his recovery，he made a __12__that his life wouldn’t __13__．So，as before，he and his wife come in whenever there’s a new art show.”
“But what does he get out of the art？”I asked.“He can’t see.”
“Can’t see？You’re __14__．He sees a lot.__15__than you or I do，”the clerk said.“His wife __16__each painting so he can see it in his head.”
I learned something about patience，courage and love that day. I saw the __17__of a young wife describing paintings to a person without __18__and the courage of a husband who would not __19__blindness to change his life. And I saw the love __20__by two people as I watched this couple walk away with their arms intertwined(交缠)．
【解题导语】 丈夫失明了，可是这并没有阻止他对生活和艺术的热爱和追求。每次有美术展的时候，妻子总是耐心地向丈夫描述作品的细节，帮助丈夫理解画作。
1．A.viewing B．judging
C．noticing D．measuring
A 解析：去美术馆应该是去“观赏”绘画作品。此处指在作者前面观看画作的年轻夫妇。
2．A.continuously B．carelessly
C．hardly D．excitedly
A 解析：根据下文的constant flood of words可知，此处指这对年轻的夫妇“不断地”在说话。
3．A.required B．decided
C．blamed D．announced
B 解析：作者看了他们一会儿，然后“断定”是那位妻子一直在说话。
4．A.coming up with B．adding up to
C．putting up with D．living up to
C 解析：那位男士能“忍受”妻子滔滔不绝的话语，作者非常钦佩他的耐心。put up with意为“忍受”。
5．A.As though B．Now that
C．Each time D．Ever since
C 解析：作者“每次”听到那位妻子滔滔不绝的话语就离开。此处each time引导时间状语从句。
6．A.frequently B．constantly
C．gradually D．quickly
D 解析：作者不喜欢那位妻子如此话多，因此每次听到她滔滔不绝的话语就“迅速”离开。
7．A.difference B．deal
C．fortune D．purchase
D 解析：根据空前的“gift shop”可知，作者应该是在美术馆礼品店的柜台前买东西。make a purchase意为“购物”。
8．A.looked into B．got into
C．reached into D．broke into
C 解析：根据空后的“pulled out”可知，此处指那位男士把手“伸进”口袋里，取出一个白色的东西。
9．A.pushed B．tapped
C．fought D．forced
B 解析：句意：他把它展开成为一根长长的手杖，点着地去衣帽间取他妻子的夹克。tap意为“轻敲”。
10．A.brave B．lucky
C．cold D．clever
A 解析：根据该段中店员的话可知，此处指那位男士是一个“勇敢的”人。
11．A.make up B．give up
C．wake up D．turn up
B 解析：句意：如果我们这么年轻就失明了，我们大多数人都会“放弃”。
12．A.discovery B．complaint
C．promise D．contribution
C 解析：句意：在他康复期间，他承诺他的生活不会因此而改变。make a promise意为“许诺”。
13．A.change B．continue
C．return D．end
A 解析：那位男士承诺自己的生活不会因失明而“改变”。下文的“blindness to change his life”是提示。
14．A.right B．careless
C．foolish D．wrong
D 解析：根据空后的“He sees a lot.”可知，店员否定了作者的话，说作者错(wrong)了。
15．A.Less B．Better
C．Worse D．More
D 解析：该空承接空前的内容，因此这里指“他比你或我看到的都要多”。
16．A.describes B．draws
C．touches D．praises
A 解析：那位男士失明了，因此应该是他的妻子给他“描述”每一幅画作。
17．A.wisdom B．patience
C．courage D．faith
B 解析：根据上一句中的“patience”可知，此处指作者看到一位妻子为失明的丈夫描述每幅画作时的“耐心”。
18．A.thought B．hearing
C．emotion D．sight
D 解析：由上文可知，那位男士失明了，因此这里应该用sight。
19．A.refuse B．invite
C．allow D．force
C 解析：根据第五段第三句他的承诺和最后一段第一句中的“courage”可知，作者看到了那位男士不“让”失明改变其生活的勇气。
20．A.expected B．shared
C．received D．imagined
B 解析：当年轻的夫妇离开时，作者看到了两个人所分享的爱。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Listening to music can help me focus better. Since I discovered it two years ago, I’ve used music to get through boring work or to focus creatively. I’ve found that it can make even the dullest jobs enjoyable and help clear mental blocks to creativity.
I first noticed the good effects of music while playing video games. It was a few days before Christmas and I was playing online video games. My parents had just given me a new MP3, so I decided to listen to music through the headphones while I played. After a few minutes I noticed a great change in my style of play. I was playing more naturally. The music relaxed me, and, to a certain extent, distracted me from the game, allowing my subconscious(潜意识的) talent to come through. The music also helped me block out the outside world. With those headphones on I was like a machine, moving from one task to the next without unnecessary thoughts or actions.
Music can also have a great effect on mood. If I’m in a bad mood at work, I’ll listen to some of Bob Marley’s and get down to business. It always takes my mind off what I’m doing and makes me a happier person. The same is true for classic rock. One summer, I did a boring job collecting bottle openers by hand. Without a radio playing classic rock in the background, I would have hated life.
Listening to music with relaxing rhythms and a positive message helps you forget your work and have happy thoughts. But the results you see will depend heavily on your personal tastes. Experiment with the types of music you listen to during certain tasks. By trial and error you’ll finally discover your best choice. I’m always looking for new concentration aids, so I’d love to know what type of music works best for me.
1．The author first discovered the effects of music ________．
A．from his parents
B．by chance
C．at work
D．when he was a child
B 解析：根据第二段的“...I was playing online video games...After a few minutes I noticed a great change in my style of play.” 可知，作者是在玩游戏时听音乐偶然发现音乐的巨大作用的。
2．Which of the following statements is NOT an effect of music for the author?
A．It helps him block out the outside world.
B．It arouses his subconscious talent.
C．It helps his mind relax.
D．It makes him work without any thought.
D 解析：根据第二段的“...moving from one task to the next without unnecessary thoughts or actions.”可知，D项表述不准确，故答案为D项。
3．The author mentions the experience of collecting bottle openers in Paragraph 3 to ________．
A．tell us that life is dull
B．prove that music affects mood
C．tell us how to seek happiness
D．tell us bad mood can affect work
B 解析：第三段的主题句为第一句，下面举的例子是为了证明这个观点的，故答案为B项。
4．In order to get the greatest effect of music, you are advised to ________．
A．listen to some of Bob Marley’s
B．only choose relaxing music
C．test all kinds of music
D．listen to classic rock
C 解析：根据最后一段“Experiment with the types of music you listen to during certain tasks.”可知，答案为C项。
B
Social media is one of the fastest-growing industries in today’s world. A study conducted by the U．S. Pew Research Center showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily. The wide spread of social media has changed nearly all parts of teenagers’ lives.
?Changing relationships
High school student Elly Cooper from Illinois said social media often reduces face-to-face communication.“It makes in-person relationships harder because of people’s attention given to their phones instead of their friends，”Cooper said.
Yet，some people believe social media has made it easier to start relationships with anyone from anywhere. Beth Kaplan from Illinois met her long－distance friend through social media. He currently lives in Scotland，but they’re still able to frequently communicate with each other.“I can feel close to someone that I’m talking to via FaceTime，”Kaplan said.
?Wanting to be “liked”
The rise of social media has changed the way teenagers see themselves. The 19-year-old Essena O’Neill announced on the Social Networking Service Instagram that she was quitting social media because it made her unable to stop thinking about appearing perfect online. Negative comments also can do great damage to a teenager’s self-esteem.Teenagers who get negative comments can’t help but feel hurt.
?Opening new doors
However，Armin Korsos，a student from Illinois，takes advantage of the comments he receives over social media to improve his videos on the social networking site YouTube.“Social media can help people show themselves and their talents to the world in a way that has never been possible before，” Korsos said.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了社交媒体对青少年生活的影响。
5．Who met the long-distance friend through social media?
A．Elly Cooper. B．Beth Kaplan.
C．Essena O’Neill. D．Armin Korsos.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Beth Kaplan from Illinois met her long-distance friend through social media.”可知，Beth Kaplan通过社交媒体见到了远方的朋友。
6．What does Essena O’Neill think of social media?
A．It hurts her seriously.
B．It promotes friendship.
C．It upsets her sometimes.
D．It develops confidence.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的第二句“The 19-year-old Essena O’Neill... online.”可推知，Essena O’Neill 认为社交媒体给她的生活带来了一定困扰，让她有时心烦意乱。
7．What is the topic of the text?
A．Teenagers’ Attitude Toward Social Media
B．Social Media’s Influence on Teenagers
C．A Recent Study Conducted in the U．S.A.
D．New Ways of Self-improvement
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句“The wide spread of social media has changed nearly all parts of teenagers’ lives.”并结合文章的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是社交媒体对青少年生活的影响。
七选五
I don’ t think I need to tell you that reading is good for you—great for you.1.________ Sometimes，people do want to read—they’ve got a book at home sitting on the shelf that they fancy—but can never seem to find the time. Well, my friends, this post is for you.
·2.________
Obviously, to get yourself motivated to read, read something that interests you. Society, animals, philosophy, science, art—whatever you want. If you’re drawn to the book, you’ll be more willing to pick it up and read it.
·Have a goal.
Some people set radical(激进的) goals for themselves like reading one book a week. Obviously, you don’t have to be as radical as that. 3.________It’s all up to you. But setting a goal and trying to reach it gives you a focus that’ll help you get the job done.
·4.________
If you’re determined, use every possible moment. On the bus. On the subway. On your lunch break. When you’re at the gym. You won’t regret it, I promise!
·Just start.
Sometimes the thing preventing us from reading is our own mind. Our mind will make up all kinds of excuses not to do something. Not get out of bed. Not clean the house. Not shower. And in this case, not read. The trick to bypassing(避开)this mental block is to just pick up the book and read! 5.________Once you start reading, it’s quite difficult to stop!
A．Reading is a pleasure.
B．Have a reading partner.
C．Read whenever you can.
D．Unfortunately, most people don’t read.
E．Don’t pour too much thought into the action.Just do it.
F．When you set a goal, letting yourself down isn’t really a big deal.
G．You can start by reading a book a month, or a book every two months even.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条让你每天多些阅读时间的小窍门。
1．D 解析：由下文有的人想读书却不找时间读可知，虽然读书好处很多，但大多数人并不读书。
2．A 解析：由下文的read something that interests you和If you’re drawn to the book，you’ll be more willing to pick it up and read it.可知，读书应该是一种乐趣。
3．G 解析：由本段小标题Have a goal.和下文的It’s all up to you.可知，设定一个读书目标，用一个月读完一本书还是两个月读完，由你自己决定。
4．C 解析：C项的Read whenever you can.与下文的use every possible moment相呼应。
5．E 解析：E项中的Just do it.与本段小标题Just start.和下文的Once you start reading，it’s quite difficult to stop！相呼应。
短文改错
WeChat is becoming increasing popular with people. Recently I have made a survey among my classmate about the use of WeChat. According to a result, 45% of the classmates admit they often use it because comparing with other means of communication, WeChat has more advantages. It was cheap, convenient and easy to send all kinds of messages around. Besides, 35% of they are against using it, saying it will affect their study. Not using WeChat, the rest has no opinion about it. As far as I’m concerned, since WeChat offers us great convenience, it should be made good use. We should not be slaves to it or let it to govern our minds and behaviors.
答案：
WeChat is becoming popular with people. Recently I have made a survey among my about the use of WeChat. According to result, 45% of the classmates admit they often use it because with other means of communication, WeChat has more advantages. It cheap, convenient and easy to send all kinds of messages around. ， 35% of are against using it, saying it will affect their study. Not using WeChat, the rest no opinion about it. As far as I’m concerned, since WeChat offers us great convenience, it should be made good use. We should not be slaves to it or let it govern our minds and behaviors.
Section Ⅱ Lesson 1—Language Points
1．criteria pl.n. (评判的) 标准
2．witness v. 目击
3．tremble vi. 颤抖， 发抖
4．awesome adj. 令人敬畏的
5．authentic adj. 原作的， 真正的
6．sympathy n. 同情
7．burst vi. 爆炸； 冲， 闯
8．abandon vt.放弃， 遗弃→abandoned adj.被抛弃的
9．preserve vt.保护， 保存→preservation n．保护，保存
10．occur vi.发生→occurrence n．发生的事情
11．particularly adv.特别地， 特定地→particular adj.特别的
12．loss n．遗失， 丢失→lose vt.丢失→lost adj.迷路的； 丢失的
13．characteristic adj.典型的→character n．个性
14．gather vi.&vt.聚集→gathering n．聚会；集会
15．sorrow n．悲伤， 难过→sorrowful adj.悲伤的
1．come__into__view 出现
2．once__upon__a__time 从前
3．block__out 堵住
4．in__a__way 从某种程度上说
5．on__one’s__side 侧身
6．split__up 断绝关系， 分成小部分
7．on__the__way__to 在去……的路上
8．pay__rise 增加工资
1．过去分词(短语)作定语； that引导定语从句
Around the end of the first century AD, a Roman writer called(叫作) Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that__he__had__witnessed(他目睹的) as a young man.
2．现在分词短语作定语
Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking__out__the__sun__and__burying__everything__in__its__path(遮天蔽日， 吞没所经之处的一切), including whole villages and towns.
3．It is...that...强调句型
However, much more than buildings and objects, it__is__the__forms__of__the__people(正是人的形态) who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.
4．as if引导表语从句
Another man, lying on his side, looks as__if__he__is__trying__to__get__up(好像是在试图站立起来)．
abandoned adj.弃置的， 被遗弃的
①(教材P132)It looked abandoned.
它看起来像被弃置的。
②The game had to be abandoned due to bad weather.
由于天气不好，比赛不得不中止。
(1)abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事
abandon oneself to 沉湎于； 放纵(感情)于
(2)with abandon 纵情； 放任地
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)The old lady adopted two children abandoned(abandon) by their parents.
(2)They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan because of the bad weather.
(3)To his mother’s disappointment, the boy abandoned himself to playing (play) computer games.
[能力提升]——句式升级
He abandoned himself to the Internet games and didn’t pass the exam.
→(4)Abandoning__himself__to__the__Internet__games，he__didn’t__pass__the__exam.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
→(5)Abandoned__to__the__Internet__games，he__didn’t__pass__the__exam.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
come into view 出现； 映入眼帘
(教材P132)Suddenly, the spaceship slowed down and immediately the system came into view...
突然， 太空飞船慢了下来， 整个星系立刻出现在我们眼前……
come into sight 进入视野
come into effect 开始生效
come into power 开始执政
come into force 开始实施
come into use 开始使用
come into fashion 开始流行
come into being/existence 开始形成
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)这项新交规是在上个月开始生效的。
The new traffic rules came__into__effect in last month.
(2)这个总统是什么时候上台执政的？
When was it that the President came__into__power?
(3)他问我， 单词 “大妈” 是怎样开始使用的。
He asked me how the word “Dama” came__into__use．
(4)那个时候长毛衣开始流行起来。
At that time the long sweaters came__into__fashion．
witness v．目击(睹); 证明 n．目击者； 证人； 证据
①(教材P6)．..a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man. ……一位名叫普林尼的罗马作家描述了他在青年时代亲眼目睹的一次可怕的火山喷发。
②The late twentieth century witnessed the rapid development of China’s economy.
二十世纪末中国经济迅速发展。
③The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building. 司机作证说， 他看到此人进入过那栋楼。
(1)witness to (doing) sth. 为(做)……作证； 证明； 表明
witness for 作证； 为……辩护
(2)a witness to... ……的证明/目击者
bear/give witness to 作为……的证据；向/给……作证
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)The woman said that she was willing to witness for the boy.
(2)Believe it or not, she’s the only witness to the murder.
(3)The temples and theatres all bear witness to the city’s former greatness.
Three days later, the witness who witnessed the accident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness.
occur vi.发生； 出现
①(教材P6) The eruption had occurred on August 24th, 79 AD. 这次火山喷发发生在公元79年8月24日。
②An excellent idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning.
今天早上醒来后， 我突然想到了一个很棒的主意。
③It occurred to me that I hadn’t seen Tom for a day.
我突然想到我一整天没见到汤姆了。
sth.occurs to sb. 某人想到某事；
某事浮现在某人的脑海中
It occurs to sb.that... ……的念头/想法浮现
于某人的脑海。
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。
occur
vi.发生， 想到， 突然想起； 表示 “发生” 时相当于happen, 但比happen正式
happen
vi.发生； 指偶然发生的事， 强调突然性， 还可指 “碰巧”
take place
发生； 指按计划和安排发生的事情
come about
发生， 产生； 往往注重事情发生的原因， 常与how连用
break out
发生， 爆发； 常指战争、 灾难、 疾病等的突然发生
[巧学活用]——选词填空(occur, happen, take place, come about, break out)
(1)If anything important happens/occurs,__call me up immediately.
(2)Great changes have__taken__place in our school in the past few years.
(3)How did it come__about that you were an hour late on such a short trip?
(4)A fire broke__out during the night and caused a great damage.
block out 堵住； 遮住； 排除(想法)
(教材P6) Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path, including whole villages and towns.
普林尼描述道， 一团云自山巅而降， 遮天蔽日， 将所经之处的一切， 包括整座村庄和城镇统统吞没。
block off 封锁， 封闭
block up 堵塞； 封住
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)他指责我忘记了过去。
He accused me of having blocked__out the past.
(2)爆炸后警察封锁了街道。
The police blocked__off the street after the explosion.
(3)人们在清除阻碍铁路交通的雪堆。
People are cleaning up the snow-drifts that block__up the railroads.
particularly adv.特别地， 特定地
①(教材P6)This particularly sad event left a deep impression on Pliny who had lost an uncle in the eruption.
这个极其令人悲伤的事件给普林尼留下了深刻的印象， 他的一位叔叔在这次火山爆发中丧生。
②A lot of places of interest in Beijing attract his attention，the Great Wall in particular.
北京的许多名胜古迹吸引了他的注意，尤其是长城。
③As far as I know, she is very particular about what she eats.
据我所知，她对饮食非常挑剔。
particular adj. 特定的；专指的；特别的；挑剔的
n. 详情；细节；特殊情况
be particular about 对……讲究；挑剔
in particular 尤其，特别；特殊的；具体的
especially
一般表示某事物在意义、 程度、 重要性上超过其他事物
particularly
往往着重说明与同类事物不同的个别事物
specially
多表示 “专门地， 为了特别目的地”
[巧学活用]——选词填空(especially, specially, particularly)
(1)I love Italy, especially in summer.
(2)The visitors admired his paintings, and particularly the portrait of his daughter.
(3)I made the chocolate cake specially for you.
in a way 从某种程度上说； 从某种意义上说
①(教材P6)In a way, Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving a frozen moment in history.
在某种程度上，庞培古城如同一个 “时间舱”， 保存了历史上一个被封存的瞬间。
②They are travelling to France by way of London.
他们经伦敦去法国。
③It looks as if more trouble is on the way.
看起来， 更多的麻烦还在后头。
④Can you move that box? It is in the way.
你搬开那个箱子好吗？它挡道了。
in one way/in some ways 从某种/些程度上说
by way of 取道； 经由
on the way 在路上； 即将来临
in this way 用这种方式
in the way 挡道
in no way 决不(在句首时要用倒装)
all the way 一路上，一直，完全
[巧学活用]——用way的相关短语填空
(1)In__a__way,__I’m glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.
(2) He decided that he would drive all__the__way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.
(3)In__this__way,__I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.
(4)In__no__way can teaching in school be separated from practice.
preserve vt.保护， 保存 n．保护区
①(教材P6) In a way, Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving a frozen moment in history.
在某种程度上， 庞培古城如同一个 “时间舱”， 保存了历史上一个被封存的瞬间。
②I think these traditional customs should be preserved.
我认为应该保存这些传统习俗。
(1)preserve...from... 保护……免受……
(2)preservation n. 维护； 保护； 保持
(3)well-preserved adj. 保存得好的； 保养很好的
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)That old lady managed to__preserve(preserve) her good look.
(2)They were determined to preserve these children from being hurt.
(3)The police are responsible for the preservation(preserve) of law and order.
In this nature preserve, all the workers are trying to preserve the plants and animals from being hurt.And the two temples are also in a good state of preservation.
sympathy n．[U]同情； 同情心； 赞同
①(教材P6)One can only feel sorrow and deep sympathy for these once-living statues. 对这些曾经活着的雕像， 人们只能感到悲痛和深切的同情。
②I feel sympathy for her, because she has brought up the children on her own.
我同情她， 因为她独自一人把孩子们抚养大。
③I have no sympathy for Jane; it’s all her own fault.
我不同情简， 那都是她自己的错。
express/feel sympathy for sb. 对某人表达/感到同情
have no sympathy for sb. 不同情某人
be in sympathy with... 赞同/支持……
out of sympathy 出于同情
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)The seamen went on a strike in sympathy with the dockers.
(2)Out of sympathy for the homeless children, he gave them a bed for the night.
[能力提升]——一句多译
因为同情这位老人，他给了老人一些钱。
(3)He gave the old man some money because he__had__sympathy__for__him. (复合句)
(4)Out__of__sympathy,__he gave the old man some money. (简单句)
burst vi.爆炸； 冲，闯； 突发 n．突发， 迸发
①(教材P7)The building exploded because a gas pipe had burst. 这座大楼因煤气管爆裂而爆炸。
②The war burst out in December when people were expecting Christmas.
战争突然在12月爆发，当时人们正期盼着圣诞节的到来。
③We all burst into laughter when we heard the funny story.
＝ We all burst out laughing when we heard the funny story.
听到这个滑稽的故事，我们都大笑起来。
(1)burst out doing＝burst into＋n. 突然……起来
burst into (vt.) 闯入
burst in (vi.) 闯进来；插话
(2)burst with joy/happiness/anger 非常高兴/幸福/勃然大怒
[巧学活用]——用burst短语完成小片段
Yesterday evening I was watching TV at home when the front door (1)burst__open (突然开了)．Mary (2)burst__into (突然闯入) my room. She was out of breath，saying that her newly-bought electric bike was lost. Then，she (3)burst__into__tears/burst__out__crying (大哭起来)．What should I do? I had to go to the police station with her.
(教材P6) Around the end of the first century AD, a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man.
公元1世纪末左右， 一位名叫普林尼的罗马作家描述了他在青年时代亲眼目睹的一次可怕的火山喷发。
called Pliny是过去分词短语， 在句子中作定语， 相当于一个限制性定语从句who was called Pliny, 修饰writer。
①Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
被邀请来参加聚会的大多数艺术家来自南非。
②The soldiers sent to the area were very honest and brave.
被派到那个地区去的士兵们很诚实， 也很勇敢。
分词
现在分词
过去分词
时态
表示正在进行
表示已经完成
语态
表示主动
表示被动
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)The music recorded(record) in the studio was very popular with us.
(2)The boys playing(play) football there are from Class One.
(教材P6)However, much more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.
但是， 与城里的建筑及物品相比， 那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的形态则更使这座城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。
此处为强调句型，强调的是主语。
(1)强调句型的基本句型：It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...
(2)强调句的一般疑问句：Was/Is it＋被强调部分＋that/who...？
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句：疑问词(被强调部分)＋is/was＋it＋that...?
(4)not until的强调句型：It is/was not until...that...
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him.
(2) It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
(3) Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
(1)被强调部分无论是单数还是复数，It后的be动词均用单数形式，即 is或was。用is还是was要根据原句时态而定。属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态，用is；属于过去时间范畴的所有时态，用was。
(2)被强调部分如果是原句的主语，who/that 之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与原句主语保持一致。
(3)强调句型与定语从句、主语从句和状语从句的区别：一般说来，如果把句子中的It is/was与that去掉，稍调整语序，能还原成完整句子，且句子意思依然完整，则为强调句型；否则，应为其他句式。
(教材P6)Another man, lying on his side, looks as if he is trying to get up.
躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像是在试图站立起来。
句中as if的意思是“好像，仿佛”。可用在look, seem, smell, taste, sound等系动词后面，引导表语从句；也可引导方式状语从句。如果as if引导从句的动作发生的可能性较大，就要用陈述语气。如果从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
(1)表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式。
(2)表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had done。
(3)表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might do。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1) It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had__done(do) it?
(2)She walked here and there on the playground as if looking(look) for something.
如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
品句填词
1．The scientist has ____________(放弃) his research for lack of money.
答案：abandoned
2．We were shocked by the violent scenes we had ____________(见证) with our eyes.
答案：witnessed
3．I enjoy the play, ____________(尤其) the second half.
答案：particularly
4．The big forest fire caused a great ____________(损失) of 20 million dollars.
答案：loss
5．She was anxious to ____________(保存) the food for winter.
答案：preserve
6．He took the trouble to ____________(搜集) necessary information for me.
答案：gather
7．We should have ____________(同情) for the disabled instead of laughing at them.
答案：sympathy
8．An idea ____________(想到) to me that I should turn to my former teacher for help.
答案：occurred
单句改错
1．The man is standing there as if he was a stone.
____________________
答案：was→were
2．It was in Paris where he made a few good friends.
____________________
答案：where→that
3．He pulled the curtain to block of the strong sunlight.
____________________
答案：of→out
4．I don’t know why she has no sympathy to the poor.
____________________
答案：to→for
5．The restaurant is particular popular with young people.
____________________
答案：particular→particularly
完成句子
1．请把废物放进在各位右手边提供的塑料袋里。
Please put the waste in the plastic bags ________________________．
答案：provided on your right
2．这个女孩非常喜欢阅读莫言的小说。
The girl likes reading the novels ____________________．
答案：written by Mo Yan
3．他是在第二次世界大战期间死亡的吗？
____________ during the Second World War ________ he died?
答案：Was it；that
4．是张艺谋在2016年导演的电影《长城》吗？
____________ Zhang Yimou ________ directed the film The Great Wall in 2016?
答案：Was it；that
5．他们把他们的家、 热情和食物都给了我， 好像我就是他们的家人。
They offered their homes, hearts, and food to me ____________________ their own family.
答案：as if I were
课文语法填空
Pliny was a Roman writer who 1.____________(witness) and written about a volcanic eruption which 2.____________(occur) on August 24th, 79 AD and the volcano was Mt.Vesuvius.The tragedy had left a deep 3.____________(impress) on Pliny who had lost his uncle in the accident.The people, towns and villages 4.____________(bury) under the ashes of Mt.Vesuvius.By 1748, scientists had started to dig 5.____________ the ancient city of Pompeii.It is like a “time capsule” 6.____________(preserve) a frozen moment in history.Not only did the buildings and authentic objects of Pompeii attract people, but also the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster have made the city 7.____________ monument to human history.The bodies of people who had died in Pompeii showed their exact shapes of 8.____________(get) together for protection in their last hours of life.Today, since excavations started, people and scientists visit Pompeii every year to learn more about the ancient world.In this way, the city, 9.____________ the world had once forgotten, lives on nearly 2，000 years after its 10.____________(lose)．
答案：1.had witnessed 2.occurred 3.impression 4.had been buried 5.out 6.preserving 7.a 8.getting
9．which 10.loss
A卷
单句语法填空
1．All the people burst into ____________(laugh) when they saw the clown step onto the stage.
答案：laughter
2．____________(loss) in thought, the scientist knocked into a tree.
答案：Lost
3．The old man was so kind that he took the ____________(abandon) boy to his home.
答案：abandoned
4．Recent reports reminded us to preserve children ____________ accidental injuries even at home.
答案：from
5．____________ never occurred to me that I suddenly met an old friend in such a place.
答案：It
6．As soon as you arrive at the station, the monument will come ____________ view.
答案：into
7．The girl was standing there, ____________(tremble) with cold.
答案：trembling
8．While he was walking in the street, he was knocked ____________ by a young boy.
答案：over
9．It was his kindness and patience ____________ won him so much praise.
答案：that
10．She was talking there as if she ____________(be) to every corner in the world.
答案：had been
阅读理解
Informal conversation is an important part of any business relationship. Before you start a discussion, however, make sure you understand which topics are suitable and which are considered taboos (禁忌) in a particular culture. Latin Americans enjoy sharing information about their local history, art, and customs. They expect questions about their family and are sure to show pictures of their children. You may feel free to ask similar questions of your Latin American friends. The French think of conversation as an art form, and they enjoy the value of lively discussions as well as disagreements. For them, arguments can be interesting—and they can cover pretty much or any topic—as long as they occur in a respectful and intelligent(智慧的) manner.
In the United States, business people like to discuss a wide range of topics, including opinions about work, family, hobbies, and politics. In Japan, China and Korea, however, people are much more private. They do not share much about their thoughts, feelings, or emotions because they feel that doing so might take away from the harmonious(和谐的) business relationship they’re trying to build. Middle Easterners are also private about their personal lives and family matters. It is considered rude, for example, to ask a businessman from Saudi Arabia about his wife or children.
As a general rule, it’s best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends. This can get you into trouble, even in the United States, where people hold different views. In addition, discussing one’s salary is usually considered unsuitable. Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world, although be careful not to criticize a national sport. Instead, be friendly and praise your host’s team.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了不同国家非正式谈话的常见话题和一些禁忌。
1．The author considers politics and religion ________．
A．cheerful topics B．taboos
C．rude topics D．too serious
B 解析：细节理解题。从最后一段第一句话可知答案选B。
2．We typically talk about ________in a friendly way in most places according to the author.
A．sports B．children
C．personal feelings D．families
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world...”可知答案选A。
3．Why are people from Asia more private in their conversation with others?
A．They don’t want to talk with others much.
B．They don’t want to have their good relationship with others harmed by informal conversation.
C．They are afraid to argue with their colleagues.
D．They want to keep their feelings to themselves.
B 解析：推理判断题。从第二段第三句话可以推知，日本人、中国人、韩国人不分享他们的思想、感受及情感，是因为他们认为会破坏和谐的商业关系。
4．In which country may it be suitable to talk about the family with your business friends?
A．In France. B．In Saudi Arabia.
C．In Korea. D．In the U．S.A.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知答案为D。
完形填空
One afternoon I toured an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was looking forward to a quiet view of the masterpieces(杰作)．
A young couple__1__the paintings ahead of me chatted __2__between themselves. I watched them for a moment and __3__the lady was doing all the talking. I admired the man’s patience for __4__her constant flood of words. Annoyed by their noise，I moved on.
I met them several times as I moved through the various rooms of art.__5__I heard her constant flood of words，I moved away __6__．
I was standing at the counter of the museum gift shop making a __7__when the couple approached the exit. Before they left，the man __8__his pocket and pulled out a white object. He extended(展开)it into a long walking stick and then __9__his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a __10__man，”the clerk at the counter said.“Most of us would __11__if we were blinded at such a young age. During his recovery，he made a __12__that his life wouldn’t __13__．So，as before，he and his wife come in whenever there’s a new art show.”
“But what does he get out of the art？”I asked.“He can’t see.”
“Can’t see？You’re __14__．He sees a lot.__15__than you or I do，”the clerk said.“His wife __16__each painting so he can see it in his head.”
I learned something about patience，courage and love that day. I saw the __17__of a young wife describing paintings to a person without __18__and the courage of a husband who would not __19__blindness to change his life. And I saw the love __20__by two people as I watched this couple walk away with their arms intertwined(交缠)．
【解题导语】 丈夫失明了，可是这并没有阻止他对生活和艺术的热爱和追求。每次有美术展的时候，妻子总是耐心地向丈夫描述作品的细节，帮助丈夫理解画作。
1．A.viewing B．judging
C．noticing D．measuring
A 解析：去美术馆应该是去“观赏”绘画作品。此处指在作者前面观看画作的年轻夫妇。
2．A.continuously B．carelessly
C．hardly D．excitedly
A 解析：根据下文的constant flood of words可知，此处指这对年轻的夫妇“不断地”在说话。
3．A.required B．decided
C．blamed D．announced
B 解析：作者看了他们一会儿，然后“断定”是那位妻子一直在说话。
4．A.coming up with B．adding up to
C．putting up with D．living up to
C 解析：那位男士能“忍受”妻子滔滔不绝的话语，作者非常钦佩他的耐心。put up with意为“忍受”。
5．A.As though B．Now that
C．Each time D．Ever since
C 解析：作者“每次”听到那位妻子滔滔不绝的话语就离开。此处each time引导时间状语从句。
6．A.frequently B．constantly
C．gradually D．quickly
D 解析：作者不喜欢那位妻子如此话多，因此每次听到她滔滔不绝的话语就“迅速”离开。
7．A.difference B．deal
C．fortune D．purchase
D 解析：根据空前的“gift shop”可知，作者应该是在美术馆礼品店的柜台前买东西。make a purchase意为“购物”。
8．A.looked into B．got into
C．reached into D．broke into
C 解析：根据空后的“pulled out”可知，此处指那位男士把手“伸进”口袋里，取出一个白色的东西。
9．A.pushed B．tapped
C．fought D．forced
B 解析：句意：他把它展开成为一根长长的手杖，点着地去衣帽间取他妻子的夹克。tap意为“轻敲”。
10．A.brave B．lucky
C．cold D．clever
A 解析：根据该段中店员的话可知，此处指那位男士是一个“勇敢的”人。
11．A.make up B．give up
C．wake up D．turn up
B 解析：句意：如果我们这么年轻就失明了，我们大多数人都会“放弃”。
12．A.discovery B．complaint
C．promise D．contribution
C 解析：句意：在他康复期间，他承诺他的生活不会因此而改变。make a promise意为“许诺”。
13．A.change B．continue
C．return D．end
A 解析：那位男士承诺自己的生活不会因失明而“改变”。下文的“blindness to change his life”是提示。
14．A.right B．careless
C．foolish D．wrong
D 解析：根据空后的“He sees a lot.”可知，店员否定了作者的话，说作者错(wrong)了。
15．A.Less B．Better
C．Worse D．More
D 解析：该空承接空前的内容，因此这里指“他比你或我看到的都要多”。
16．A.describes B．draws
C．touches D．praises
A 解析：那位男士失明了，因此应该是他的妻子给他“描述”每一幅画作。
17．A.wisdom B．patience
C．courage D．faith
B 解析：根据上一句中的“patience”可知，此处指作者看到一位妻子为失明的丈夫描述每幅画作时的“耐心”。
18．A.thought B．hearing
C．emotion D．sight
D 解析：由上文可知，那位男士失明了，因此这里应该用sight。
19．A.refuse B．invite
C．allow D．force
C 解析：根据第五段第三句他的承诺和最后一段第一句中的“courage”可知，作者看到了那位男士不“让”失明改变其生活的勇气。
20．A.expected B．shared
C．received D．imagined
B 解析：当年轻的夫妇离开时，作者看到了两个人所分享的爱。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Listening to music can help me focus better. Since I discovered it two years ago, I’ve used music to get through boring work or to focus creatively. I’ve found that it can make even the dullest jobs enjoyable and help clear mental blocks to creativity.
I first noticed the good effects of music while playing video games. It was a few days before Christmas and I was playing online video games. My parents had just given me a new MP3, so I decided to listen to music through the headphones while I played. After a few minutes I noticed a great change in my style of play. I was playing more naturally. The music relaxed me, and, to a certain extent, distracted me from the game, allowing my subconscious(潜意识的) talent to come through. The music also helped me block out the outside world. With those headphones on I was like a machine, moving from one task to the next without unnecessary thoughts or actions.
Music can also have a great effect on mood. If I’m in a bad mood at work, I’ll listen to some of Bob Marley’s and get down to business. It always takes my mind off what I’m doing and makes me a happier person. The same is true for classic rock. One summer, I did a boring job collecting bottle openers by hand. Without a radio playing classic rock in the background, I would have hated life.
Listening to music with relaxing rhythms and a positive message helps you forget your work and have happy thoughts. But the results you see will depend heavily on your personal tastes. Experiment with the types of music you listen to during certain tasks. By trial and error you’ll finally discover your best choice. I’m always looking for new concentration aids, so I’d love to know what type of music works best for me.
1．The author first discovered the effects of music ________．
A．from his parents
B．by chance
C．at work
D．when he was a child
B 解析：根据第二段的“...I was playing online video games...After a few minutes I noticed a great change in my style of play.” 可知，作者是在玩游戏时听音乐偶然发现音乐的巨大作用的。
2．Which of the following statements is NOT an effect of music for the author?
A．It helps him block out the outside world.
B．It arouses his subconscious talent.
C．It helps his mind relax.
D．It makes him work without any thought.
D 解析：根据第二段的“...moving from one task to the next without unnecessary thoughts or actions.”可知，D项表述不准确，故答案为D项。
3．The author mentions the experience of collecting bottle openers in Paragraph 3 to ________．
A．tell us that life is dull
B．prove that music affects mood
C．tell us how to seek happiness
D．tell us bad mood can affect work
B 解析：第三段的主题句为第一句，下面举的例子是为了证明这个观点的，故答案为B项。
4．In order to get the greatest effect of music, you are advised to ________．
A．listen to some of Bob Marley’s
B．only choose relaxing music
C．test all kinds of music
D．listen to classic rock
C 解析：根据最后一段“Experiment with the types of music you listen to during certain tasks.”可知，答案为C项。
B
Social media is one of the fastest-growing industries in today’s world. A study conducted by the U．S. Pew Research Center showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily. The wide spread of social media has changed nearly all parts of teenagers’ lives.
?Changing relationships
High school student Elly Cooper from Illinois said social media often reduces face-to-face communication.“It makes in-person relationships harder because of people’s attention given to their phones instead of their friends，”Cooper said.
Yet，some people believe social media has made it easier to start relationships with anyone from anywhere. Beth Kaplan from Illinois met her long－distance friend through social media. He currently lives in Scotland，but they’re still able to frequently communicate with each other.“I can feel close to someone that I’m talking to via FaceTime，”Kaplan said.
?Wanting to be “liked”
The rise of social media has changed the way teenagers see themselves. The 19-year-old Essena O’Neill announced on the Social Networking Service Instagram that she was quitting social media because it made her unable to stop thinking about appearing perfect online. Negative comments also can do great damage to a teenager’s self-esteem.Teenagers who get negative comments can’t help but feel hurt.
?Opening new doors
However，Armin Korsos，a student from Illinois，takes advantage of the comments he receives over social media to improve his videos on the social networking site YouTube.“Social media can help people show themselves and their talents to the world in a way that has never been possible before，” Korsos said.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了社交媒体对青少年生活的影响。
5．Who met the long-distance friend through social media?
A．Elly Cooper. B．Beth Kaplan.
C．Essena O’Neill. D．Armin Korsos.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Beth Kaplan from Illinois met her long-distance friend through social media.”可知，Beth Kaplan通过社交媒体见到了远方的朋友。
6．What does Essena O’Neill think of social media?
A．It hurts her seriously.
B．It promotes friendship.
C．It upsets her sometimes.
D．It develops confidence.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的第二句“The 19-year-old Essena O’Neill... online.”可推知，Essena O’Neill 认为社交媒体给她的生活带来了一定困扰，让她有时心烦意乱。
7．What is the topic of the text?
A．Teenagers’ Attitude Toward Social Media
B．Social Media’s Influence on Teenagers
C．A Recent Study Conducted in the U．S.A.
D．New Ways of Self-improvement
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句“The wide spread of social media has changed nearly all parts of teenagers’ lives.”并结合文章的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是社交媒体对青少年生活的影响。
七选五
I don’ t think I need to tell you that reading is good for you—great for you.1.________ Sometimes，people do want to read—they’ve got a book at home sitting on the shelf that they fancy—but can never seem to find the time. Well, my friends, this post is for you.
·2.________
Obviously, to get yourself motivated to read, read something that interests you. Society, animals, philosophy, science, art—whatever you want. If you’re drawn to the book, you’ll be more willing to pick it up and read it.
·Have a goal.
Some people set radical(激进的) goals for themselves like reading one book a week. Obviously, you don’t have to be as radical as that. 3.________It’s all up to you. But setting a goal and trying to reach it gives you a focus that’ll help you get the job done.
·4.________
If you’re determined, use every possible moment. On the bus. On the subway. On your lunch break. When you’re at the gym. You won’t regret it, I promise!
·Just start.
Sometimes the thing preventing us from reading is our own mind. Our mind will make up all kinds of excuses not to do something. Not get out of bed. Not clean the house. Not shower. And in this case, not read. The trick to bypassing(避开)this mental block is to just pick up the book and read! 5.________Once you start reading, it’s quite difficult to stop!
A．Reading is a pleasure.
B．Have a reading partner.
C．Read whenever you can.
D．Unfortunately, most people don’t read.
E．Don’t pour too much thought into the action.Just do it.
F．When you set a goal, letting yourself down isn’t really a big deal.
G．You can start by reading a book a month, or a book every two months even.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四条让你每天多些阅读时间的小窍门。
1．D 解析：由下文有的人想读书却不找时间读可知，虽然读书好处很多，但大多数人并不读书。
2．A 解析：由下文的read something that interests you和If you’re drawn to the book，you’ll be more willing to pick it up and read it.可知，读书应该是一种乐趣。
3．G 解析：由本段小标题Have a goal.和下文的It’s all up to you.可知，设定一个读书目标，用一个月读完一本书还是两个月读完，由你自己决定。
4．C 解析：C项的Read whenever you can.与下文的use every possible moment相呼应。
5．E 解析：E项中的Just do it.与本段小标题Just start.和下文的Once you start reading，it’s quite difficult to stop！相呼应。
短文改错
WeChat is becoming increasing popular with people. Recently I have made a survey among my classmate about the use of WeChat. According to a result, 45% of the classmates admit they often use it because comparing with other means of communication, WeChat has more advantages. It was cheap, convenient and easy to send all kinds of messages around. Besides, 35% of they are against using it, saying it will affect their study. Not using WeChat, the rest has no opinion about it. As far as I’m concerned, since WeChat offers us great convenience, it should be made good use. We should not be slaves to it or let it to govern our minds and behaviors.
答案：
WeChat is becoming popular with people. Recently I have made a survey among my about the use of WeChat. According to result, 45% of the classmates admit they often use it because with other means of communication, WeChat has more advantages. It cheap, convenient and easy to send all kinds of messages around. ， 35% of are against using it, saying it will affect their study. Not using WeChat, the rest no opinion about it. As far as I’m concerned, since WeChat offers us great convenience, it should be made good use. We should not be slaves to it or let it govern our minds and behaviors.
课件47张PPT。Unit 16 Storiescriteria witnesstrembleawesomeauthenticsympathyburstabandonpreserveoccurparticularlylosscharacteristicgathersorrowcome into viewonce upon a time block outin a wayon one’s sidesplit upon the way topay risecalledthat he had witnessedblocking out the sun and burying everything in its pathit is the thatas if he is trying to get upforms of the peopleabandonedcarryingplaying Abandoning himself to the Internet games，he didn’t Abandoned to the Internet games，he didn’t passpass the exam.the exam.came into effectcame into powercame into usecame into fashionfortotohappens/occurshave taken placecome aboutbroke outblocked outblocked offblock upespecially particularlyspeciallyIn a wayall the wayIn this wayIn no way to preservefrompreservationwithOuthe had Out of sympathysympathy for himburst openburst intoburst into tears/burst out cryingrecordedplayingthatthat thathad donelooking本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．It is foolish to waste one’s ____________(宝贵的) time.
答案：precious
2．We all know that most metals ____________(扩张) when heated.
答案：expand
3．Life is ____________(难以忍受的); he has lost heart finally.
答案：unbearable
4．It is ____________(显然的) to all that the driver is to blame for the accident.
答案：apparent
5．There has been a ____________(逐渐的) increase in the number of people owning cars.
答案：gradual
6．The naughty boy is really ____________(烦人的)．
答案：troublesome
7．It was found at the ____________(准确的) spot where he left it.
答案：precise
8．He is a ____________(直率的) man; just trust him.
答案：straightforward
单句改错
1．All of us agree that this book is of great significant to us.
____________________
答案：significant→significance
2．Because of his admire success in playing basketball, he is very popular with us.
____________________
答案：admire→admirable
3．While is walking in the field, he saw a medal.
____________________
答案：去掉is
4．As a matter of fact, he is severe with his daughter.
____________________
答案：with→on
5．You can count for it that he will try to help you.
____________________
答案：for→on
完成句子
1．这是你第二次迟到了。
It was the second time that you ________________________ late.
答案：had come/been
2．到了我们上课的时间了。
It’s time that we ____________．
答案：had/should have class
3．如果必要的话， 你可以与我取得联系。
You can get in touch with me ____________．
答案：if (it is) necessary
4．既然大家都来了， 让我们开始会议吧。
________________________， let’s begin our meeting.
答案：Now that/Since everyone is here
5．他说即使被解雇， 他也不会告诉我们真相的。
He said that he wouldn’t tell us the truth ____________．
答案：even if fired
A卷
单句语法填空
1．Learners can feel very ____________(discourage) if exercises are too difficult.
答案：discouraged
2．Enough attention should be paid to the ____________(significant) of children’s mental health.
答案：significance
3．My little brother always counts ____________ me for help whenever in trouble.
答案：on/upon
4．We were told that the movie ended up ____________ a familiar song.
答案：with
5．Some people think the Wolf Dad is too severe ____________ his children.
答案：on
6．____________(apparent), he didn’t want to tell us the whole truth.
答案：Apparently
7．You have to expand ____________ your plan to make it understood by all.
答案：on/upon
8．It’s human that everyone is eager ____________ success.
答案：for
9．It is a western tradition to name a child ____________ the elders in his/her family.
答案：after
10．I came ____________ an old photo of my brother when I sorted out old books.
答案：across
阅读理解
A
Carmen Herrera: “Every painting has been a fight between the painting and me.I tend to win.But you know how many paintings I threw in the garbage? I wouldn’t have anything were it not for my husband.He didn’t have a hand in anything? But no, they say that behind every great man there is always a woman.Well, behind a great woman there is always a man.You need it. I__was__very__lucky．You don’t decide to be an artist; art gets inside of you.Before you know you are painting, you are so surprised.It’s like falling in love.”
Born in Cuba in 1915, Carmen Herrera lived in New York and Paris and eventually settled in New York where she lived till now.Through the years, she worked quietly and created a huge quantity of paintings.While living in New York in the 1950s, she made reductive, hard-edged abstractions that predate(早于) the works of artists such as Lygia Clark in Brazil and Ellsworth Kelly in the U．S.Her works also proved her foresight as Minimalism and Op Art took hold in the 1960s, and with later developments in the works of American painters such as Brice Marden, Agnes Martin, both of whom are represented in the collection.
It wasn’t until 2004, at the age of 89, that Carmen Herrera sold her first painting; like many women artists of her generation, her works were overlooked despite her friendships and associations with great male artists like Barnett Newman.Now, however, the artist and her works are now receiving much-deserved attention in and beyond the U．S.Herrera’s paintings have entered the collections of the Museum of Modern Art, the Hirshhorn Museum, and the Tate Modern; the Walker’s acquisition is special in that.
【解题导语】 本文主要阐述女艺术家Carmen凭借着对绘画的热情和执着， 默默无闻地作画， 最后成功的故事。
1．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A．Carmen is addicted to drawing.
B．Carmen’s husband objects to her drawing.
C．It’s easy for Carmen to be famous.
D．Carmen sold her first picture at $1，000.
A 解析： 推理判断题。根据文中第一段最后两句“Before you know you are painting, you are so surprised.It’s like falling in love.”可知， Carmen非常喜欢绘画， 其余三项均与原文无关。
2．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 1?
A．Carmen is successful finally.
B．Carmen has sold her first painting.
C．Carmen has a good husband supporting her.
D．Carmen thinks she has a gift for drawing.
C 解析： 句意理解题。根据第一段第四句 “I wouldn’t have anything were it not for my husband.(要不是我的丈夫， 我会一无所有)” 可知， 她有一个支持她的丈夫。
3．What is the key to Carmen’s success?
A．Kindness. B．Love for family.
C．Passion. D．The museum’s help.
C 解析： 推理判断题。从第一段最后两句 “...you’re so surprised.It’s like falling in love.” 可以看出她成功的关键因素是对绘画的热情， 犹如坠入爱河。
B
I was involved in unhealthy eating and exercise behaviour on and off for five years. For the majority of these five years, I appeared “normal” to the untrained eye. But I was suffering eating disorder(饮食紊乱). And I was struggling.
Recovery felt too hard. In the early stages of my recovery, I had to actively distance myself from triggering(诱发) material. But it didn’t work for me. At last I decided not to struggle alone. I needed to admit to everyone else that I was struggling.
I made time for people who inspired me. One of those people was my best friend, Scarlett. She, without doubt, has helped save my life. I say this because she has inspired me to not only accept my body but embrace(拥抱) it. She has also shown me that being strong and smart is beautiful.She never escapes from delicious food, which has encouraged me to do the same.
We challenged the society’s view on beauty together. We debated everything from body shaping to the fitness industry. We broke down social media and Photoshop. We discussed medication and panic attacks. Nothing__was__taboo. And that was exactly what I needed.
I needed someone who didn’t just listen but understood. Having a mentor who guided me through the recovery process has, without doubt, been the key to my recovery. Having someone in my life who actively debunks(揭穿) the idea that losing weight is the answer is invaluable. I’m so glad I have such a friend in my life.
Observing the way Scarlett treats herself continues to inspire me and encourage me to pursue full recovery. My relationship with my body, food and exercise has changed and much of that I contribute to her influence and example.
I will keep moving forward. I will keep eating often and well. I will allow my body to be at whatever weight it wants to be at. I will do this not just for me but to be an example to others who may need that little bit of inspiration, just like I did all those months ago.
【解题导语】 作者患有饮食失调症，让她苦不堪言，后来在一位好朋友的影响下改变了自己的观点，对未来充满希望。
4．What was the author’s problem?
A．Suffering various diseases.
B．Having no time for exercise.
C．Not looking normal to others.
D．Having an unbalanced diet.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“But I was suffering eating disorder(饮食紊乱)．”可知，作者患有饮食失调症。
5．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．They talked about topics carefully.
B．They could talk about everything.
C．Nothing was sad to the author.
D．Nothing was interesting.
B 解析：句意理解题。根据第四段中列举出的那些例子，以及划线句子后面的“And that was exactly what I needed.”可知，作者可以跟那位朋友无所不谈。
6．What did the author most probably learn from Scarlett?
A．She should be careful about her diet.
B．She should have a nice-looking body.
C．She should learn to really like her body.
D．She should try really hard to lose weight.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“I say this because she has inspired me to not only accept my body but embrace(拥抱) it.”以及末段的“I will allow my body to be at whatever weight it wants to be at.”可知，作者从那位朋友那里知道她应该学会爱自己的身体。
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．Eating Disorder Is a Disease
B．The Great Pain I Have Suffered
C．My Friendship with My Best Friend
D．My Best Friend Helped Save My Life
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者最好的朋友帮助她克服了饮食失调症，改变了她的生活。
七选五
Rock and roll music first became popular in the 1950s. There were many popular rock and roll singers during that time, but only a few of those singers are still popular. 1.________
Elvis Presley sang different types of music. He sang country and blues music. He also sang music that you might hear in church, but it was rock and roll music that made Elvis very popular. In fact, the songs of Elvis became so famous that people gave the singer a special name. 2.________ Today many people still call him“the king”for short.
3．________ Not everyone always agrees with their names, but many newspapers and magazines use the names. For example, in the 1980s pop music became famous, and Michael Jackson was the most popular singer. People thought that the pop music was really just one kind of rock and roll music, so they did not want to call Michael Jackson“King”. Elvis was still the king. As a result, Michael Jackson was given the name “the Prince of Pop”．
However, Michael Jackson was not the only famous pop singer in the 1980s. Madonna was also very popular. 4.________ More than one woman has been called“the Princess of Pop”. Two of the most famous “Pop Princesses”are Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera.
It is interesting that no woman was ever named“the Queen of Rock and Roll”. There was a Queen of Disco and a Queen of Country music, but never a Queen of Rock. 5.________
A．She was given the name “the Queen of Pop”．
B．Nobody was given the name “the Prince of Pop”．
C．People like Michael Jackson and his rock and roll music.
D．Other famous singers have also been given special names.
E．Everyone started to call him “the King of Rock and Roll”．
F. Most people today are familiar with the singer named Elvis Presley.
G. Maybe in the years to come, a woman singer will get that special name.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几位著名的摇滚流行歌手，这些歌手都有自己的别称。
1．F 解析：上一句中讲到在20世纪50年代有很多著名的摇滚流行歌星，但他们当中只有少数人现在仍然受欢迎，而下一段中介绍了Elvis Presley，故选择F项“今天大多数人都熟悉Elvis Presley这一歌手”既承接上一句又引出对下文的论述。
2．E 解析：上一句中提到由于Elvis Presley太有名了，人们给了他一个特殊的称号。该空应紧承上文，介绍人们给他的别称是什么，再结合下一句中的the king可知，应选E项。
3．D 解析：第三段中介绍了其他著名歌星的别称，故用D项“其他著名歌星也被冠上了特殊的称号”，引出下文中对其他歌星别称的介绍。
4．A 解析：第三段提到杰克逊是著名流行歌星，他被称为“the Prince of Pop”；麦当娜也很受欢迎，因此人们称她为“the Queen of Pop”，故A项正确。
5．G 解析：上一句中提到目前还没有一个女歌星被称为Queen of Rock。G项“也许将来会有一个女歌手得到这个特殊的称号”，紧承上一句，是作者的猜测。
B卷
阅读理解
We have most friends at the age of 26 after having spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle，a new research has claimed.
The research into friendship shows that our social circle peaks at 26 years and 7 months，at which we typically have five close friends. Women are most popular at 25 years and 10 months，with men hitting the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months.
The research，by Forever Friends，shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends while at school，with about a fifth saying they meet them at work.
Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter now also play a major role in building new friendship. The research points out that 25 to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via Facebook，compared to 18 to 24-year-olds who make 12，and 35 to 44-year-olds who make just four.
Forever Friends’ relationship coach Sam Owen says：“It is no coincidence that over a third of us meet our best friends at school. It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes，giving gifts，seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot. As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference.”
Later in life we find ourselves losing friends. Over half of us lose friendship through moving，while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals. Having children also causes 19% to drift____away__from childhood friends.
With growing pressures being pat on friendship these days，it’s important to make time for our friendship.
【解题导语】 研究表明，我们在26岁时拥有最多的朋友，但是随着时间的推移，我们的朋友会减少。
1．How many friends can a 20-year-old college student make via Facebook?
A．4. B．12.
C．18. D．22.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“...via Facebook，compared to 18 to 24-year-olds who make 12”可知，通过脸谱网年龄在18到24岁的人可以交到12个朋友，故B项正确。
2．In Paragraph 5，the author is trying to tell the readers ________．
A．how important making friends is
B．that friendship is not easy to keep
C．how much has been done to keep friendship
D．that friendship at school is important
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段Sam Owen所讲的话的第二句“It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes，giving gifts，seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot.”可知，学校时光是人生中建立友谊的重要阶段，这时候的友谊成长于分享笔记、赠送礼物、互相探望、一起欢笑中，故D项正确。
3．The underlined phrase“drift away from”in Paragraph 6 means“________”．
A．make sense of B．lose contact with
C．feel sorry for D．make up with
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“Over half of us lose friendship...apart from close pals.”及画线词所在句“Having children also causes 19% to...childhood friends.”可以判断，画线词意为“失去联系”，故B项正确。A项意为“理解”，C项意为“对……感到抱歉”，D项意为“与……和好”，都与语境不符。
4．This passage is most probably taken from ________．
A．Facebook or Twitter
B．an advertisement
C．a textbook
D．a newspaper
D 解析：文章出处题。根据第一段中的“a new research has claimed”以及最后一段中的“these days”，再结合选项可以判断，本文最有可能摘自报纸，故D项正确。
完形填空
When my sister Diane began playing the violin, she was seven. How did she sound? Terrible. But she didn’t __1__. At twelve, she asked our parents if she could __2__ a full－time music school. They said no. Actually, everyone agreed that my sister __3__ talent.
I was better at my __4__. My teacher had told my parents that I had great __5__. So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to __6__ me. But the only time he was __7__ was Saturday afternoons at 3 p．m. Back then, I was __8__ about the British TV show The Avengers, which was __9__ every Saturday at 3 p．m. I let nothing take up my The Avengers hour. So I __10__ this amazing opportunity.Today, I don’t even have a __11__ in my house.
My sister became an engineer, but she __12__ stopped making music. When she was in her 40s, she switched her __13__. She went back to college，got a(n) __14__ in music education，and became a music teacher. She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never __15__．
Recently, she and a pianist pal put on a recital. A big crowd of friends and family __16__ for her. As she played, I looked around at the __17__. Everyone was __18__ enjoying the music. It occurred to me that I was the only person that remembered that 7-year-old kid making those perfectly __19__ sounds and knew how far she had come, despite __20__．
Talent is important. But enthusiasm is even more important.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过讲述妹妹追求梦想的经历告诉我们：天赋很重要，但更重要的是热情。
1．A.advance B．quit
C．reflect D．listen
B 解析：根据上文的“How did she sound？Terrible.”可知，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了；结合本句的“But”表示的转折意义可知，她没有放弃(quit)。
2．A.inspect B．open
C．attend D．visit
C 解析：根据上文可知，尽管妹妹的小提琴演奏得很糟糕，但是她仍不愿放弃；据此可以判断，本句句意为：在十二岁时，她问父母她是否可以去全日制的音乐学校上学。attend school为固定搭配，意为“上学”。
3．A.lacked B．spotted
C．possessed D．admired
A 解析：根据上文的“They said no.”和父母没有答应让她去全日制音乐学校学习可以判断，每个人都认为“我”的妹妹缺乏(lacked) 天赋，故A项正确。
4．A.major B．project
C．composition D．instrument
D 解析：根据本段第三句的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母为“我”找了当地最好的钢琴老师教“我”学钢琴；据此可以判断，与妹妹相比，“我”更擅长“我”的乐器。
5．A.patience B．enthusiasm
C．potential D．ambition
C 解析：由上题解析可以判断，老师告诉父母说“我”很有潜能(potential)。A项意为“耐心”，B项意为“热情”，D项意为“抱负”，都与语境不符。
6．A.train B．examine
C．correct D．challenge
A 解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“培训，教育”；B项意为“检查”；C项意为“改正”；D项意为“挑战”。
7．A.punctual B．skillful
C．occupied D．available
D 解析：根据语境可知，钢琴老师只有每周六下午三点有空。D项意为“有空的”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“准时的”，B项意为“技术好的”，C项意为“使用中的”，都与语境不符。
8．A.sensitive B．crazy
C．serious D．particular
B 解析：根据本句中的“about the British TV show”可判断，“我”热衷于一档英国电视节目。be crazy about为固定搭配，意为“热衷于”，故B项正确。A项意为“敏感的”，C项意为“严肃的”，D项意为“特别的，挑剔的”，都与语境不符。
9．A.filmed B．designed
C．aired D．commented
C 解析：根据该句中的“every Saturday at 3 p．m.”可知，这档英国电视节目在每周六的下午三点播放。air在本句中意为“播出，播送”，属于熟词生义，故C项正确。A项意为“拍电影”，B项意为“设计”，D项意为“评论”。
10．A.jumped at B．turned down
C．waited for D．opened up
B 解析：根据上文的“I let nothing take up my The Avengers hour.”可知，“我”不让任何事情占用“我”看这档节目的时间，据此可以判断，“我”拒绝了这一机会。B项意为“拒绝”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“迫不及待地接受”，C项意为“等待，等候”，D项意为“打开”，都与语境不符。
11．A.tutor B．violin
C．musician D．piano
D 解析：根据本段的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可以判断，由于“我”拒绝了学钢琴，所以现在家里甚至一台钢琴也没有，故D项正确。
12．A.never B．once
C．already D．even
A 解析：根据空后两句可知，“我”妹妹在四十几岁时上大学学习音乐；据此可知，尽管“我”妹妹成了一名工程师，但是她从未(never) 停止对音乐的追求，故A项正确。
13．A.attitude B．career
C．plan D．position
B 解析：根据下文的“and became a music teacher”可知，在她四十几岁时，她改变了职业(career)，从工程师成为一名音乐老师，故B项正确。A项意为“态度”，C项意为“计划”，D项意为“地位”，都与语境不符。
14．A.scholarship B．sponsor
C．degree D．assistant
C 解析：根据句中的“She went back to college”和“and became a music teacher”可知，她重返大学学习音乐，并取得了音乐教育的学位(degree)，成了一名音乐老师。A项意为“奖学金”，B项意为“赞助人”，D项意为“助手”，都与语境不符。
15．A.provided B．imagined
C．received D．expected
C 解析：根据上文可知，“我”的父母认为妹妹没有音乐天赋，拒绝了妹妹上全日制音乐学校的请求，据此可以判断，妹妹做音乐老师时，给了孩子们她未曾得到(received) 的鼓励和支持。A项意为“提供”，B项意为“想象”，D项意为“期望”，都与语境不符。
16．A.voted B．feared
C．stayed up D．turned up
D 解析：根据上文的“put on a recital”可知，妹妹和一位钢琴家举办了一场演奏会；据此可以判断，朋友和家人们都到场了。A项意为“投票”，B项意为“担心，害怕”，C项意为“熬夜”，D项意为“到达，露面”。
17．A.students B．audience
C．spotlights D．platform
B 解析：根据下文的“enjoying the music”可知，所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐；据此可知，“我”环顾了四周的观众(audience)，故B项正确。A项意为“学生”，C项意为“聚光灯”，D项意为“平台，讲台”。
18．A.obviously B．desperately
C．appropriately D．anxiously
A 解析：根据本句中的“enjoying the music”可知，很显然(obviously)，所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐。B项意为“极其”，C项意为“恰当地”，D项意为“着急地”，都与语境不符。
19．A.booming B．pleasing
C．awful D．powerful
C 解析：根据上文的“How did she sound？Terrible.”可知，七岁时，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了(awful)，故C项正确。A项意为“迅速发展的”，B项意为“令人愉快的”，D项意为“有力量的”，都与语境不符。
20．A.everything B．something
C．everybody D．somebody
A 解析：根据本句中的“and knew how far she had come，despite”并结合上文可知，“我”想起了妹妹七岁时演奏小提琴的糟糕的声音，只有“我”知道她不顾一切(everything) 走了多远。
语法填空
Dear Dad，
On this date of your 50th birthday, Mom gave me the letter you wrote me 1.____________ I was born 18 years ago. In your letter, you wished me to be strong-minded and successful. You were looking forward to 2.____________(see) me fight for my future bravely and do well for myself and others.
After reading this letter, I feel quite 3.____________(shock) at your expectation on me. I also feel ashamed for not having performed well 4.____________(meet) your demand. I still remember when I was in primary school, I failed to apply myself to studying. I was 5.____________(addict) to computer games. As a consequence, I soon became 6.____________ last one in my class. You didn’t abuse me at all. On the contrary, you taught me that studying was the most important object at the moment and 7.____________(encourage) me to study hard. Only when I have read your letter did I realize that I behaved so badly 8.____________that time.
I can’t help expressing my gratitude and sending my best wishes to you. Wish you health and 9.____________(happy). I promise that I will spare no effort to satisfy your demand of being a brave and 10.____________(success) person.
Yours，
Li Hua
1．when 解析：考查连词的用法。此处表示：当十八年前“我”出生时。故用when引导。
2．seeing 解析：考查非谓语动词。look forward to期待，to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。
3．shocked 解析：考查词性转换。此处作表语且表示人的心理，故用shocked。
4．to meet 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式表示目的。
5．addicted 解析：考查词性转换。此处是作表语，意为“上瘾的”，故用addicted。
6．the 解析：考查冠词的用法。此处意为：最后一个，用the last one。
7．encouraged 解析：考查动词的时态。and前后连接并列的动作，根据上文的taught可知，此处用过去式。
8．at 解析：考查介词。此处意思是“在那时”，应用介词at。
9．happiness 解析：考查词性转换。此处是and连接两个名词作宾语。
10．successful 解析：考查词性转换。此处是形容词作定语，修饰person。
Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
Helen Keller
Helen Keller was a very special girl who needed a superb① teacher. By the time she was seven years old②， she still couldn’t speak, read or write. This was because Helen couldn’t see or hear③. With these severe④ restrictions⑤ on her communication, Helen’s behaviour was often unbearable⑥. She was stubborn⑦ and angry, and often broke things when she wasn’t understood.
Anne Sullivan was brought in⑧ to help Helen. Anne was a teacher and former⑨ student⑩ at a school for the blind in Boston. She had had eyesight problems early in life as well? so she could relate to? Helen’s difficulties. Her first goal was to stop Helen’s troublesome? behaviour. Helen would need this valuable preparation in order to? learn language. She would also need lots of love. When Anne and Helen first met, Anne gave Helen a big hug?.
①superb [sju?'p??b] adj.出色的，卓越的
②by the time引导时间状语从句
③This was because...意为“这是因为……”，because引导表语从句。
④severe [sI'vI?] adj.严重的，严厉的；be severe on sb.对某人严厉
⑤restriction [rI'strIk??n] n．限制，约束
⑥unbearable [?n'be?r?b?l] adj.不能忍受的
⑦stubborn ['st?b?n] adj.倔强的，固执的
⑧bring in 带来
⑨former ['f??m?] adj.以前的
⑩teacher和student共用冠词a，表示两种身份同时集中于一个人身上。
?as well 也
?relate to(对别人的问题，处境等)认同，理解
?troublesome ['tr?b?ls?m] adj.引起麻烦的
?in order to 为了
?give sb. a big hug紧紧拥抱某人
海伦·凯勒
海伦·凯勒是一个很特别的女孩，她需要一位出色的老师。直到七岁的时候，她仍然不会说话、阅读或写字。这是因为海伦看不见，也听不到。因为交流上有这些严重的障碍，海伦的行为经常令人难以忍受。她固执、易怒，在别人不明白她的意思时，她经常摔东西。
安妮·沙利文被请来帮助海伦。安妮是波士顿一所盲人学校的老师，她也曾在那里就读。安妮年幼的时候也曾有过视力问题，所以能够对海伦的困难产生共鸣。她的第一个目标就是要停止海伦常引起麻烦的行为。为了学习语言，海伦需要做这样重要的准备。她也需要很多的爱。当安妮和海伦第一次见面时，安妮就紧紧拥抱了海伦。
Helen would have to learn to understand words spelled on her hand?. Anne’s technique was simple and straightforward?. She would put an object into one of Helen’s hands and spell the word into her other hand. She started with? dolls. She would let Helen play with the doll, and then spell the letters “D-O-L-L” into her hand. Helen thought this was a game. She had a precise? description of her excitement in her book, The Story of My Life：“Running downstairs to my mother, I held up my hand and made the letters for doll.I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like?imitation.”
?spelled on her hand是过去分词作后置定语。
?straightforward [streIt'f??w?d] adj.直接的；坦率的
?start with用……开始；begin with以……开始；to begin/start with首先，第一
?precise [prI'saIs] adj.准确的，精确的
?monkey-like adj.像猴子般的
imitation [ImI'teI??n] n．模仿；imitate vt.模仿
海伦将不得不学会理解拼写在她手上的单词。安妮的方法简单而直接。她将一件物品放在海伦的一只手里，然后在她的另一只手里拼写单词。安妮从玩具娃娃开始。她让海伦玩娃娃，然后在她的手里拼写字母D－O－L－L。海伦以为这是个小游戏。她在她的书《我的生活故事》中准确描述了自己的兴奋：“我冲下楼梯跑向妈妈，举起手，拼写玩具娃娃的字母。我不知道自己在拼写一个单词，更不知道单词的存在；我只是简单地像猴子般地模仿着移动手指”。
Then one day, Anne took Helen out to the well. Anne put Helen’s hand under the water. As the water flowed over one hand, Anne spelled “w-a-t-e-r” into the other hand.Then suddenly, Helen had a burst of understanding; the movement of the fingers meant the cool water flowing over her hand.This precious knowledge gave her hope and joy. Finally, the world of words was opening up to her.
Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could. Children who can see and hear learn language easily but for Helen, it was a gradual and sometimes painful process. However, the results were amazing.
As Helen’s knowledge and vocabulary expanded， she asked more and more questions. This soon led her to discover more complex words and changed her thinking processes.Trying to learn the word “love” was an experience that she remembered well. This is how she described it in her book, The Story of My Life：
flow v．流动；flow over/through/down/into流过；流进
a burst of...……的突然爆发；a burst of anger怒火；burst out 爆发
precious ['pre??s] adj.宝贵的，珍贵的
now that既然，由于(＝since)
eager ['i?ɡ?] adj.渴望的，热衷的；be eager to do sth.渴望做某事
as much as one can/could尽某人所能的……
gradual ['ɡr?d???l] adj.逐渐的； gradually adv.逐渐地
expand [Ik'sp?nd] v．扩大，扩充
more and more越来越多的
lead sb. to do sth.导致/带领某人做某事
complex ['k?mpleks] adj.复杂的；complicated adj.复杂的
后来有一天，安妮带海伦来到了水井边。安妮将海伦的手放在水的下方。当水流过一只手时，安妮在另一只手里拼写“w－a－t－e－r”一词。一瞬间，海伦突然明白了；手指的运动表示清凉的水正在流过她的手。这一宝贵知识给了她希望和欢乐。终于，词语世界的大门向她敞开了。
由于海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。能看和听的孩子学语言很容易，但是对于海伦来说，这是一个渐进的、有时是痛苦的过程。然而，结果是令人惊叹的。
随着知识不断拓展、词汇不断丰富，海伦问的问题越来越多。这很快就使她发现更复杂的词汇，并且改变了她的思考过程。学习“爱(love)”这个词的过程是她记忆深刻的一次经历。她在自己的书《我的生活故事》里是这样描述的：
“I remember the morning that I first asked the meaning of the word ‘love’. This was before I knew many words.I had found a few early violets in the garden and brought them to my teacher...Miss Sullivan put her arm gently round me and spelled into my hand, ‘I love Helen.’ ‘What is love？’ I asked.She drew me closer to her and said，‘It is here，’ pointing to my heart... Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it.”
The meaning of love was still not apparent to Helen but she kept on trying to understand.“I smelt the violets in her hand and asked, half in words, half in signs, a question which meant, ‘Is love the sweetness of flowers？’ ‘No，’ said my teacher.”
violet ['vaI?lIt] n．紫罗兰
point to 指向；point at指着；point out指出
pointing to my heart...作伴随状语。
unless“除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句(＝if...not)
apparent [?'p?r?nt] adj.明显的，显而易见的；apparently adv.明显地
sweetness ['swi?tnis] n．甜蜜，温柔；sweet adj.甜的
“我记得我第一次问‘爱’这个意思的那个早晨。这是在我知道很多词之前。我在花园了发现了几枝早开的紫罗兰花，我把花拿给我的老师……沙利文小姐轻柔地将她的手臂环抱着我，在我的手里拼写‘我爱海伦’。‘什么是爱？’我问道。她将我拉近一些，然后指着我的心说，‘它在这里’……她的话使我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。”
海伦对“爱”的意思还是不明白，但是她继续努力去理解。“我闻到她手里的紫罗兰花，一半用单词，一半用手势，我问了这样一个问题，‘爱是花的甜蜜吗？’‘不是，’我的老师说。”
Helen then felt the warmth of the sun shining on them. She pointed up and asked if that was love. When her teacher said that it wasn’t, she was confused and disappointed.“I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.”
The word “think” was also a difficult one for Helen but she had a breakthrough while working on a simple task. She was making necklaces with the help of Miss Sullivan when she noticed that she had made some mistakes. Uncertain about how to fix them， she stopped to think carefully. As she did this, Miss Sullivan touched Helen’s head and spelled the word “think” into her hand. “In a flash I knew that the word was the name of the process that was going on in my head.”
warmth [w??mθ] n．温暖
it作形式宾语；that从句为真正的宾语。
breakthrough ['breIkθru?]n.突破，重大发现
while working中省略了从句中的主语和be动词。
uncertain [?n's??tn]adj.不确定的；be uncertain about...对……不确定
uncertain about...是形容词短语作状语。
in a flash 立即；flash back倒叙
go on 进行，发生；go on to do sth.接着做(另一件事)；go on doing sth.继续做(同一件事)
海伦感觉到照耀着她们的太阳的温暖。她指着上面问那是不是爱。当她的老师否定时，海伦既困惑又失望。“我感到奇怪的是老师不能告诉我什么是爱。”
“思考”这个词对海伦来说也是一个很难学的词，但是在做一件简单的事情时，她取得了突破性进展。海伦正在沙利文小姐的帮助下制作项链，这时注意到自己出了一些错。由于不能确定怎样改正，她停下来仔细地思考。当她这样做时，沙利文小姐摸着海伦的头，在她的手里拼写“思考”这个词。“一瞬间，我明白了这个词便是我头脑中正在进行的这个过程的名称。”
It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word —a word for something she couldn’t touch. At that moment， her mind returned to the word “love”. As she thought about its meaning again, the sun came out. She pointed to the sun and asked her teacher again if that was love. Anne answered Helen by explaining that love was like the sun and clouds in a way.
“You cannot touch the clouds, you know; but you feel the rain... You cannot touch love either； but you feel the sweetness that it pours into everything. Without love you would not be happy or want to play.” In that vivid moment, Helen finally understood the beautiful truth of the word “love”．
It was the first time that...“第一次……”， 从句常用过去完成时。
at that moment在那一刻；for the moment暂时；in a moment马上；at any moment随时
in a way在某种程度上(＝in one way)
either adv.也(不)，用于否定句。
pour into 投入；pour out倾诉
vivid adj.生动的，栩栩如生的，逼真的
这是海伦第一次理解了这样一个复杂的词——一个她触摸不到实物的词。在那一刻，她的思想回到了“爱”这个词。当她再次思考它的意思时，太阳出来了。海伦指着太阳，又一次问老师那是不是爱。安妮向海伦解释说爱在某种程度上就像是太阳和云。
“你知道，你不能触摸云彩；但你能感觉到下雨……你同样触摸不到爱，但你却能体会到爱注入万物之中的甜蜜。没有爱，你不会快乐，也不想玩耍。”在那生动的一刻，海伦终于明白了“爱”这个词的美丽真谛。
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．According to the passage, the following sentences are true EXCEPT“________”．
A．Helen Keller was not only deaf but also blind
B．Anne shook hands with Helen when they first met
C．When the teacher spelt “D-O-L-L” into her hand, she didn’t understand the meaning at once
D．It’s very difficult for the teacher to explain “love” to Helen
2．Why was her teacher so important to her?
A．Her teacher could look after her and dress her.
B．Only her teacher could punish her.
C．Her teacher could understand her situation and teach her how to communicate.
D．Her teacher could teach her how to communicate with others.
3．What can you infer from the story of Helen Keller?
A．She is blind and deaf but a lovely girl.
B．She is easy to lose temper.
C．She is stupid because she learns so slowly.
D．It’s hard for her to learn and her teacher is patient.
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．It’s about how Helen Keller learnt from her teacher.
B．It’s about a poor girl, Helen Keller.
C．It’s about Helen Keller and her teacher.
D．It’s about Helen Keller’s success.
答案： 1－4.BCDA
1．specific adj. 详细的， 特定的
2．discourage vt. 使泄气， 使灰心
3．severe adj. 严重的， 严厉的
4．expand v. 扩大， 扩充
5．apparent adj. 明显的， 显而易见的
6．significance n．重要性， 意义→significant adj.有意义的
7．abnormal adj.反常的， 不正常的→normal adj.正常的
8．vivid adj.生动的， 逼真的→vividly adv.生动地
9．origin n．起源， 开端； 出身→original adj.最初的， 原始的
10．suffering n．痛苦， 困难→suffer v．受苦
11．admirable adj.令人钦佩的， 极佳的→admire vt.欣赏；崇拜
12．unbearable adj.不能忍受的→bearable adj.能忍受的→bear vt.忍受
13．eager adj.渴望的， 热衷的→eagerly adv.渴望地
14．gradual adj.逐渐的→gradually adv.逐渐地
15．uncertain adj.不确定的→certain adj.确定的
1．name...after 以……命名
2．come__across 偶然遇见
3．hold__up 支撑起
4．count__on 依靠
5．figure__out 理解
6．end__up 以……结束， 以……告终
7．put__up__with 容忍， 忍受
8．in__particular 特别， 尤其
1．now that引导原因状语从句
Now__that__Helen__understood__the__key__to__language (由于海伦理解了语言之谜), she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.
2．动名词作主语
Trying__to__learn(尽力学习) the word “love” was an experience that she remembered well.
3．while时间状语从句的省略
The word “think” was also a difficult one for Helen but she had a breakthrough while__working__on__a__simple__task(在做一件简单的事情时)．
4．形容词作状语及“介词＋疑问词＋不定式”结构
Uncertain__about__how__to__fix__them(因为不能确定怎样改正它们), she stopped to think carefully.
5．It was/is the first time(that)．..句型
It__was__the__first__time(第一次) Helen had__understood(明白了) such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.
6．含有虚拟语气的含蓄条件句
Without__love(没有爱) you would not be happy or want to play.
significance n．重要性， 意义； 意思， 含义
①(教材P132)Chinese names can also have significance according to their sounds.
中文名字根据其发音也是有意义的。
②I didn’t realize the true significance of this comment at the time. 我当时不明白这个评论的真正含义。
(1)be of no/great significance 无关紧要的/有重大
意义的
have some significance for... 对……有意义
(2)significant adj. 有意义的， 显著的
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)I do think this case is really of great significance(significant)．
(2)It was a gesture that had some significance for his supporters.
(3) Our Standard Course guarantees a significant(significance) increase in your confidence in a foreign language.
(4)As we all agree, this project is very significant．
＝As we all agree, this project is of great significance(significant)．
be of (great) significance＝be (very) significant 意为“非常有意义的； 非常显著的”。
discourage vt.使泄气； 使灰心
①(教材P132)．..she was also discouraged because she missed her home in northern England... ……因为她想念位于英格兰北部的家乡，所以她也很沮丧……
②We ought to focus on discouraging kids from smoking.
我们应该把重点放在劝说孩子们不要吸烟上。
(1)discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝阻某人不做某事
(2)discouraging adj. 令人气馁的
(3)discouraged adj. 灰心丧气的
be/get discouraged 泄气
(4)encourage vt. 鼓励
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Students soon get discouraged(discourage) if you blame them too often.
(2) As a matter of fact, their attitude was very discouraging(discourage)．
(3)My parents often encourage me to__work(work) hard to keep up with others.
From his discouraged look, I judged he wasn’t hired, which was really discouraging. But I still encouraged him to go to other companies to try his fortune.
come across 偶然遇见
①(教材P8) I came across an interesting name story when I visited my cousin in Henan Province.
当拜访我在河南的表妹时， 我听到一个有趣的关于名字的故事。
②When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadn’t seen for years.
当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。
come about 发生
come up 出现； 走上前； 发芽
come up with 想出； 提出
come out 出现； 结果是
come to 谈及； 达到(某个数字)
come along 进展； 进行
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？
Can you tell me how the accident came__about?
(2)她的猫跑上前来，在他们腿上蹭来蹭去。
Her cat came__up and rubbed itself against their legs.
(3)你首先应该构思一下你的俱乐部大致是什么样。
The first thing you need to come__up__with is an idea for your club.
(4)他一下子就有了答案。
The answer came__to him in a flash.
admirable adj.令人钦佩的； 极佳的
①(教材P8) Her father thought he was admirable because he built bridges you can really count on. 她的父亲认为他值得敬佩是因为他修建了真正可靠的桥梁。
②To most of us, it is an admirable object.
对于我们大多数人来说， 这是一个令人钦佩的目标。
(1)admire vt. 钦佩； 羡慕； 赞美
admire sb. for sth. 佩服某人的……
(2)admiration n. 敬佩； 羡慕
with admiration 羡慕地； 赞赏地
admirer n. 赞赏者； 羡慕者； 追求者
(3)admiring adj. 赞赏的； 羡慕的
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1) Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me. I was right to have__admired(admire) him.
(2)Ultraman is much admired for his technical skills.
(3)His breadth of knowledge filled me with admiration(admire)．
The scientist got an admirable achievement and we all admired her for her achievement.When she was making a speech on the platform, we all gazed at her with admiration.
count on 依靠， 指望； 期望， 料想
①(教材P8)Her father thought he was admirable because he built bridges you can really count on. 她的父亲认为他值得敬佩是因为他修建了真正可靠的桥梁。
②Well, maybe it is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
或许重要的不是你读了多少，而是你读的是什么。
count... as... 认为……是……
count for 有价值， 有重要性
count in/out 把/不把……计算在内
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)我们把她看作交情最久的朋友之一。
We count__her__as one of our oldest friends.
(2)整个球队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多(C罗)，而他也很少让他们失望。
The whole team count__on Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down.
(3)光有学问而无常识，则这种学问无甚价值。
Knowledge without common sense counts__for little.
put up with 容忍， 忍受
(经典例句)I can put up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌它不干净。
(1)put up with/bear/stand/tolerate
容忍；忍受
(2)put aside 节省；储蓄，储存
put forward 提出建议；把……向前拨
put off 延期，推迟
put up 提出；提高；留某人住下
put away 收藏起来；储存
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步了。
Noise is coming to the point where we can’t put__up__with it.
(2)别气馁！如果你把这种情绪放置一边，你下次会做得更好。
Don’t be discouraged.If you put__away such feelings, you will do better next time.
(3)他决定开车回镇上，不在旅馆过夜。
He decided that he would drive back to the town instead of putting__up for the night at the hotel.
figure out 理解， 看透；计算出
①(教材P8) So they figured out a way to change it.
于是他们想出了一个能改变这种情况的方法来。
②She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.
她每天早上做运动以保持体形。
(1)figure that... 认为……
(2)keep one’s figure 保持体形
a political figure 一位政治人物
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)(朗文辞典)我能听见他们在说话，但就是弄不清他们在说什么。
I could hear them talking but I couldn’t figure__out what they were saying.
(2)中国历史上我最喜欢的人物是魏源，他是晚清的一位思想家。
As__for__my__favorite__figure in Chinese history，it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.
(3)我想知道玛丽这些年到底是如何保持体形的。
I wonder how Mary has kept__her__figure after all these years.
end up 以……结束， 以……告终
(教材P8) However, she didn’t like it so she changed her studies and ended up becoming an engineer!
然而， 她不喜欢它(医学专业), 因此她换了专业并最终成为一名工程师！
end up doing sth. 以做某事而告终
end in 以……而告终
end with 以……作为结束
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Keep on doing that and you will end__up in serious trouble.
(2)I ended up spending(spend) the night in the airport.
(3)His attempt to persuade the boy ended in failure.
(4)The festival ended with fireworks.
hold up 支撑起； 延迟； 阻碍； 举起； 抢劫
(教材P8) She became quite famous when she invented a new way of holding up suspension bridges during the building process. 当在建筑的过程中她发明了一种支撑吊桥的新方法时， 她变得非常出名了。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中hold up 的含义
(1)The bed is too weak to hold up the fat man.
支撑起
(2)If you have any questions, please hold up your hands.
举起
(3)Sorry, I’m late, but my train was held up.
延迟
(4)An armed robber held up the village store last week.
抢劫
hold back 隐瞒； 阻碍； 抑制
hold out 伸出，提出；坚持，维持
hold on 别挂电话， 稍等； 坚持
hold on to 抓紧； 不放开； 坚持； 不放弃
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)She held out her hands to give me a hug.
(2)We were short of water but could hold out for another day.
(3) I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window.
(4)—Is Peter there?
—Hold on,__please. I’ll see if I can find him for you.
severe adj.严重的； 严厉的； 剧烈的
①(教材P10)With these severe restrictions on her communication，Helen’s behaviour was often unbearable. 因为交流上有这些严重的障碍， 海伦的行为经常令人难以忍受。
②One of the passengers suffered severe cuts.
其中一位乘客被严重划伤了。
(1)be severe on sb. 对某人严厉
(2)severely adv. 非常严重地
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)She was equally severe on students who were late for class.
(2)Severe(severely) thunderstorms are forecast for Tuesday night.
(3)Several of the passengers were severely(severe) injured in the accident.
strict也可表示 “严厉的， 严格的”， 但是表示 “对某人严格” 时， 用be strict with sb.。
expand vt.& vi.扩大， 扩充
①(教材P11) As Helen’s knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions.
随着知识不断拓展、词汇不断丰富， 海伦问的问题越来越多。
②As we all know, water expands as it freezes.
我们都知道， 水结冰时会膨胀。
③We plan to expand the pub by adding a family room.
我们打算通过添加一个家庭间来扩大这个酒吧。
(1)expand...into... 把……扩展成……
expand to... 扩展到……
expand on/upon sth. 充分叙述， 详细阐明
(2)expandable adj. 可扩张的， 可扩充的
(3)expansion n. 扩张；膨胀
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)老师让这个男孩把一句话扩展成一个故事。
The teacher asked the boy to expand__a__sentence__into a story.
(2)这个城镇现在扩大到原来的两倍大了。
The town has__expanded__to twice its original size.
(3)对于之前的声明我拒绝再做任何补充。
I refuse to expand__on my earlier statement.
(教材P11)Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could. 由于海伦理解了语言之谜， 她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。
now that既然， 由于； 在句中引导原因状语从句， 在语义上相当于since, that在口语中可省略。
①Now that you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents any longer.
既然你已长大， 就不应该再依靠你的父母。
②Now that they are all there, you might as well speak your mind. 既然大家都在， 你不妨把想法都说出来。
because
语气最强， 表示直接而明确的原因或理由， 常用来回答why引起的问句
as
语气比because弱， 附带说明较明显的原因或理由；它所引导的从句可位于主句之前或之后
since
语气比because弱， 比as强， 陈述的理由往往是对方所知道的， 译作 “既然” ；常放于主句前
for
是并列连词， 语气最弱， 只是就前一句逻辑推理或解释一下理由；放于主句之后
now that
“既然， 由于”， 同since, that可省略
[巧学活用]——选词填空(because，as，since，for)
(1)It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school.
(2)Since he wouldn’t come back, please call him later.
(3)It must have been watered, for the soil is wet.
(4)Wear strong shoes as we will do a lot of walking.
(教材P11) The word “think” was also a difficult one for Helen but she had a breakthrough while working on a simple task.
“思考” 这个词对海伦来说也是一个很难学的词， 但是在做一件简单的事情时， 她取得了突破性进展。
句中while working on a simple task为状语从句while she was working on a simple task的省略形式。时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的省略有两种情况：
(1)从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句谓语中含有be动词，可省略从句中的主语和be动词；
(2)从句的主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词，那么从句中的it和be动词也可以省略。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)If (it is) convenient(convenience) for you, please take your digital camera for me next time.
(2) If accepted (accept) for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
(3)While cycling(cycle), don’t forget the traffic light.
(教材P11)It was the first time Helen had understood such a complex word—a word for something she couldn’t touch.
这是海伦第一次理解了这样一个复杂的词——一个她触摸不到实物的词。
(1)It is the first/second...time that sb.have/has done sth. “这是某人第一/二……次做某事”， that从句常用现在完成时。
(2)It was the first/second...time that sb.had done sth., that从句常用过去完成时。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)It’s the first time that I have__been(be) here.
(2)It was the third time that he had__ridden(ride) a horse.
(3)It is time for you to__start(start) your new lessons.
(4)It is time that we took/should__take(take) some measures to fight against the haze.
品句填词
1．It is foolish to waste one’s ____________(宝贵的) time.
答案：precious
2．We all know that most metals ____________(扩张) when heated.
答案：expand
3．Life is ____________(难以忍受的); he has lost heart finally.
答案：unbearable
4．It is ____________(显然的) to all that the driver is to blame for the accident.
答案：apparent
5．There has been a ____________(逐渐的) increase in the number of people owning cars.
答案：gradual
6．The naughty boy is really ____________(烦人的)．
答案：troublesome
7．It was found at the ____________(准确的) spot where he left it.
答案：precise
8．He is a ____________(直率的) man; just trust him.
答案：straightforward
单句改错
1．All of us agree that this book is of great significant to us.
____________________
答案：significant→significance
2．Because of his admire success in playing basketball, he is very popular with us.
____________________
答案：admire→admirable
3．While is walking in the field, he saw a medal.
____________________
答案：去掉is
4．As a matter of fact, he is severe with his daughter.
____________________
答案：with→on
5．You can count for it that he will try to help you.
____________________
答案：for→on
完成句子
1．这是你第二次迟到了。
It was the second time that you ________________________ late.
答案：had come/been
2．到了我们上课的时间了。
It’s time that we ____________．
答案：had/should have class
3．如果必要的话， 你可以与我取得联系。
You can get in touch with me ____________．
答案：if (it is) necessary
4．既然大家都来了， 让我们开始会议吧。
________________________， let’s begin our meeting.
答案：Now that/Since everyone is here
5．他说即使被解雇， 他也不会告诉我们真相的。
He said that he wouldn’t tell us the truth ____________．
答案：even if fired
A卷
单句语法填空
1．Learners can feel very ____________(discourage) if exercises are too difficult.
答案：discouraged
2．Enough attention should be paid to the ____________(significant) of children’s mental health.
答案：significance
3．My little brother always counts ____________ me for help whenever in trouble.
答案：on/upon
4．We were told that the movie ended up ____________ a familiar song.
答案：with
5．Some people think the Wolf Dad is too severe ____________ his children.
答案：on
6．____________(apparent), he didn’t want to tell us the whole truth.
答案：Apparently
7．You have to expand ____________ your plan to make it understood by all.
答案：on/upon
8．It’s human that everyone is eager ____________ success.
答案：for
9．It is a western tradition to name a child ____________ the elders in his/her family.
答案：after
10．I came ____________ an old photo of my brother when I sorted out old books.
答案：across
阅读理解
A
Carmen Herrera: “Every painting has been a fight between the painting and me.I tend to win.But you know how many paintings I threw in the garbage? I wouldn’t have anything were it not for my husband.He didn’t have a hand in anything? But no, they say that behind every great man there is always a woman.Well, behind a great woman there is always a man.You need it. I__was__very__lucky．You don’t decide to be an artist; art gets inside of you.Before you know you are painting, you are so surprised.It’s like falling in love.”
Born in Cuba in 1915, Carmen Herrera lived in New York and Paris and eventually settled in New York where she lived till now.Through the years, she worked quietly and created a huge quantity of paintings.While living in New York in the 1950s, she made reductive, hard-edged abstractions that predate(早于) the works of artists such as Lygia Clark in Brazil and Ellsworth Kelly in the U．S.Her works also proved her foresight as Minimalism and Op Art took hold in the 1960s, and with later developments in the works of American painters such as Brice Marden, Agnes Martin, both of whom are represented in the collection.
It wasn’t until 2004, at the age of 89, that Carmen Herrera sold her first painting; like many women artists of her generation, her works were overlooked despite her friendships and associations with great male artists like Barnett Newman.Now, however, the artist and her works are now receiving much-deserved attention in and beyond the U．S.Herrera’s paintings have entered the collections of the Museum of Modern Art, the Hirshhorn Museum, and the Tate Modern; the Walker’s acquisition is special in that.
【解题导语】 本文主要阐述女艺术家Carmen凭借着对绘画的热情和执着， 默默无闻地作画， 最后成功的故事。
1．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A．Carmen is addicted to drawing.
B．Carmen’s husband objects to her drawing.
C．It’s easy for Carmen to be famous.
D．Carmen sold her first picture at $1，000.
A 解析： 推理判断题。根据文中第一段最后两句“Before you know you are painting, you are so surprised.It’s like falling in love.”可知， Carmen非常喜欢绘画， 其余三项均与原文无关。
2．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 1?
A．Carmen is successful finally.
B．Carmen has sold her first painting.
C．Carmen has a good husband supporting her.
D．Carmen thinks she has a gift for drawing.
C 解析： 句意理解题。根据第一段第四句 “I wouldn’t have anything were it not for my husband.(要不是我的丈夫， 我会一无所有)” 可知， 她有一个支持她的丈夫。
3．What is the key to Carmen’s success?
A．Kindness. B．Love for family.
C．Passion. D．The museum’s help.
C 解析： 推理判断题。从第一段最后两句 “...you’re so surprised.It’s like falling in love.” 可以看出她成功的关键因素是对绘画的热情， 犹如坠入爱河。
B
I was involved in unhealthy eating and exercise behaviour on and off for five years. For the majority of these five years, I appeared “normal” to the untrained eye. But I was suffering eating disorder(饮食紊乱). And I was struggling.
Recovery felt too hard. In the early stages of my recovery, I had to actively distance myself from triggering(诱发) material. But it didn’t work for me. At last I decided not to struggle alone. I needed to admit to everyone else that I was struggling.
I made time for people who inspired me. One of those people was my best friend, Scarlett. She, without doubt, has helped save my life. I say this because she has inspired me to not only accept my body but embrace(拥抱) it. She has also shown me that being strong and smart is beautiful.She never escapes from delicious food, which has encouraged me to do the same.
We challenged the society’s view on beauty together. We debated everything from body shaping to the fitness industry. We broke down social media and Photoshop. We discussed medication and panic attacks. Nothing__was__taboo. And that was exactly what I needed.
I needed someone who didn’t just listen but understood. Having a mentor who guided me through the recovery process has, without doubt, been the key to my recovery. Having someone in my life who actively debunks(揭穿) the idea that losing weight is the answer is invaluable. I’m so glad I have such a friend in my life.
Observing the way Scarlett treats herself continues to inspire me and encourage me to pursue full recovery. My relationship with my body, food and exercise has changed and much of that I contribute to her influence and example.
I will keep moving forward. I will keep eating often and well. I will allow my body to be at whatever weight it wants to be at. I will do this not just for me but to be an example to others who may need that little bit of inspiration, just like I did all those months ago.
【解题导语】 作者患有饮食失调症，让她苦不堪言，后来在一位好朋友的影响下改变了自己的观点，对未来充满希望。
4．What was the author’s problem?
A．Suffering various diseases.
B．Having no time for exercise.
C．Not looking normal to others.
D．Having an unbalanced diet.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“But I was suffering eating disorder(饮食紊乱)．”可知，作者患有饮食失调症。
5．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．They talked about topics carefully.
B．They could talk about everything.
C．Nothing was sad to the author.
D．Nothing was interesting.
B 解析：句意理解题。根据第四段中列举出的那些例子，以及划线句子后面的“And that was exactly what I needed.”可知，作者可以跟那位朋友无所不谈。
6．What did the author most probably learn from Scarlett?
A．She should be careful about her diet.
B．She should have a nice-looking body.
C．She should learn to really like her body.
D．She should try really hard to lose weight.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“I say this because she has inspired me to not only accept my body but embrace(拥抱) it.”以及末段的“I will allow my body to be at whatever weight it wants to be at.”可知，作者从那位朋友那里知道她应该学会爱自己的身体。
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．Eating Disorder Is a Disease
B．The Great Pain I Have Suffered
C．My Friendship with My Best Friend
D．My Best Friend Helped Save My Life
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者最好的朋友帮助她克服了饮食失调症，改变了她的生活。
七选五
Rock and roll music first became popular in the 1950s. There were many popular rock and roll singers during that time, but only a few of those singers are still popular. 1.________
Elvis Presley sang different types of music. He sang country and blues music. He also sang music that you might hear in church, but it was rock and roll music that made Elvis very popular. In fact, the songs of Elvis became so famous that people gave the singer a special name. 2.________ Today many people still call him“the king”for short.
3．________ Not everyone always agrees with their names, but many newspapers and magazines use the names. For example, in the 1980s pop music became famous, and Michael Jackson was the most popular singer. People thought that the pop music was really just one kind of rock and roll music, so they did not want to call Michael Jackson“King”. Elvis was still the king. As a result, Michael Jackson was given the name “the Prince of Pop”．
However, Michael Jackson was not the only famous pop singer in the 1980s. Madonna was also very popular. 4.________ More than one woman has been called“the Princess of Pop”. Two of the most famous “Pop Princesses”are Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera.
It is interesting that no woman was ever named“the Queen of Rock and Roll”. There was a Queen of Disco and a Queen of Country music, but never a Queen of Rock. 5.________
A．She was given the name “the Queen of Pop”．
B．Nobody was given the name “the Prince of Pop”．
C．People like Michael Jackson and his rock and roll music.
D．Other famous singers have also been given special names.
E．Everyone started to call him “the King of Rock and Roll”．
F. Most people today are familiar with the singer named Elvis Presley.
G. Maybe in the years to come, a woman singer will get that special name.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几位著名的摇滚流行歌手，这些歌手都有自己的别称。
1．F 解析：上一句中讲到在20世纪50年代有很多著名的摇滚流行歌星，但他们当中只有少数人现在仍然受欢迎，而下一段中介绍了Elvis Presley，故选择F项“今天大多数人都熟悉Elvis Presley这一歌手”既承接上一句又引出对下文的论述。
2．E 解析：上一句中提到由于Elvis Presley太有名了，人们给了他一个特殊的称号。该空应紧承上文，介绍人们给他的别称是什么，再结合下一句中的the king可知，应选E项。
3．D 解析：第三段中介绍了其他著名歌星的别称，故用D项“其他著名歌星也被冠上了特殊的称号”，引出下文中对其他歌星别称的介绍。
4．A 解析：第三段提到杰克逊是著名流行歌星，他被称为“the Prince of Pop”；麦当娜也很受欢迎，因此人们称她为“the Queen of Pop”，故A项正确。
5．G 解析：上一句中提到目前还没有一个女歌星被称为Queen of Rock。G项“也许将来会有一个女歌手得到这个特殊的称号”，紧承上一句，是作者的猜测。
B卷
阅读理解
We have most friends at the age of 26 after having spent the first quarter of our lives building up our friendship circle，a new research has claimed.
The research into friendship shows that our social circle peaks at 26 years and 7 months，at which we typically have five close friends. Women are most popular at 25 years and 10 months，with men hitting the highest friendship point a little later at 27 years and 3 months.
The research，by Forever Friends，shows that about a third of adults meet their closest friends while at school，with about a fifth saying they meet them at work.
Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter now also play a major role in building new friendship. The research points out that 25 to 34-year-olds make 22 friends via Facebook，compared to 18 to 24-year-olds who make 12，and 35 to 44-year-olds who make just four.
Forever Friends’ relationship coach Sam Owen says：“It is no coincidence that over a third of us meet our best friends at school. It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes，giving gifts，seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot. As adults we can often forget how powerful these small things are and how the little things can make a difference.”
Later in life we find ourselves losing friends. Over half of us lose friendship through moving，while 36% say that over time they grow apart from close pals. Having children also causes 19% to drift____away__from childhood friends.
With growing pressures being pat on friendship these days，it’s important to make time for our friendship.
【解题导语】 研究表明，我们在26岁时拥有最多的朋友，但是随着时间的推移，我们的朋友会减少。
1．How many friends can a 20-year-old college student make via Facebook?
A．4. B．12.
C．18. D．22.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句中的“...via Facebook，compared to 18 to 24-year-olds who make 12”可知，通过脸谱网年龄在18到24岁的人可以交到12个朋友，故B项正确。
2．In Paragraph 5，the author is trying to tell the readers ________．
A．how important making friends is
B．that friendship is not easy to keep
C．how much has been done to keep friendship
D．that friendship at school is important
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段Sam Owen所讲的话的第二句“It is a key time in our lives when friendship is growing through sharing notes，giving gifts，seeing each other regularly and laughing a lot.”可知，学校时光是人生中建立友谊的重要阶段，这时候的友谊成长于分享笔记、赠送礼物、互相探望、一起欢笑中，故D项正确。
3．The underlined phrase“drift away from”in Paragraph 6 means“________”．
A．make sense of B．lose contact with
C．feel sorry for D．make up with
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“Over half of us lose friendship...apart from close pals.”及画线词所在句“Having children also causes 19% to...childhood friends.”可以判断，画线词意为“失去联系”，故B项正确。A项意为“理解”，C项意为“对……感到抱歉”，D项意为“与……和好”，都与语境不符。
4．This passage is most probably taken from ________．
A．Facebook or Twitter
B．an advertisement
C．a textbook
D．a newspaper
D 解析：文章出处题。根据第一段中的“a new research has claimed”以及最后一段中的“these days”，再结合选项可以判断，本文最有可能摘自报纸，故D项正确。
完形填空
When my sister Diane began playing the violin, she was seven. How did she sound? Terrible. But she didn’t __1__. At twelve, she asked our parents if she could __2__ a full－time music school. They said no. Actually, everyone agreed that my sister __3__ talent.
I was better at my __4__. My teacher had told my parents that I had great __5__. So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to __6__ me. But the only time he was __7__ was Saturday afternoons at 3 p．m. Back then, I was __8__ about the British TV show The Avengers, which was __9__ every Saturday at 3 p．m. I let nothing take up my The Avengers hour. So I __10__ this amazing opportunity.Today, I don’t even have a __11__ in my house.
My sister became an engineer, but she __12__ stopped making music. When she was in her 40s, she switched her __13__. She went back to college，got a(n) __14__ in music education，and became a music teacher. She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never __15__．
Recently, she and a pianist pal put on a recital. A big crowd of friends and family __16__ for her. As she played, I looked around at the __17__. Everyone was __18__ enjoying the music. It occurred to me that I was the only person that remembered that 7-year-old kid making those perfectly __19__ sounds and knew how far she had come, despite __20__．
Talent is important. But enthusiasm is even more important.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。通过讲述妹妹追求梦想的经历告诉我们：天赋很重要，但更重要的是热情。
1．A.advance B．quit
C．reflect D．listen
B 解析：根据上文的“How did she sound？Terrible.”可知，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了；结合本句的“But”表示的转折意义可知，她没有放弃(quit)。
2．A.inspect B．open
C．attend D．visit
C 解析：根据上文可知，尽管妹妹的小提琴演奏得很糟糕，但是她仍不愿放弃；据此可以判断，本句句意为：在十二岁时，她问父母她是否可以去全日制的音乐学校上学。attend school为固定搭配，意为“上学”。
3．A.lacked B．spotted
C．possessed D．admired
A 解析：根据上文的“They said no.”和父母没有答应让她去全日制音乐学校学习可以判断，每个人都认为“我”的妹妹缺乏(lacked) 天赋，故A项正确。
4．A.major B．project
C．composition D．instrument
D 解析：根据本段第三句的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可知，“我”的父母为“我”找了当地最好的钢琴老师教“我”学钢琴；据此可以判断，与妹妹相比，“我”更擅长“我”的乐器。
5．A.patience B．enthusiasm
C．potential D．ambition
C 解析：由上题解析可以判断，老师告诉父母说“我”很有潜能(potential)。A项意为“耐心”，B项意为“热情”，D项意为“抱负”，都与语境不符。
6．A.train B．examine
C．correct D．challenge
A 解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“培训，教育”；B项意为“检查”；C项意为“改正”；D项意为“挑战”。
7．A.punctual B．skillful
C．occupied D．available
D 解析：根据语境可知，钢琴老师只有每周六下午三点有空。D项意为“有空的”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“准时的”，B项意为“技术好的”，C项意为“使用中的”，都与语境不符。
8．A.sensitive B．crazy
C．serious D．particular
B 解析：根据本句中的“about the British TV show”可判断，“我”热衷于一档英国电视节目。be crazy about为固定搭配，意为“热衷于”，故B项正确。A项意为“敏感的”，C项意为“严肃的”，D项意为“特别的，挑剔的”，都与语境不符。
9．A.filmed B．designed
C．aired D．commented
C 解析：根据该句中的“every Saturday at 3 p．m.”可知，这档英国电视节目在每周六的下午三点播放。air在本句中意为“播出，播送”，属于熟词生义，故C项正确。A项意为“拍电影”，B项意为“设计”，D项意为“评论”。
10．A.jumped at B．turned down
C．waited for D．opened up
B 解析：根据上文的“I let nothing take up my The Avengers hour.”可知，“我”不让任何事情占用“我”看这档节目的时间，据此可以判断，“我”拒绝了这一机会。B项意为“拒绝”，符合语境，故B项正确。A项意为“迫不及待地接受”，C项意为“等待，等候”，D项意为“打开”，都与语境不符。
11．A.tutor B．violin
C．musician D．piano
D 解析：根据本段的“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area”可以判断，由于“我”拒绝了学钢琴，所以现在家里甚至一台钢琴也没有，故D项正确。
12．A.never B．once
C．already D．even
A 解析：根据空后两句可知，“我”妹妹在四十几岁时上大学学习音乐；据此可知，尽管“我”妹妹成了一名工程师，但是她从未(never) 停止对音乐的追求，故A项正确。
13．A.attitude B．career
C．plan D．position
B 解析：根据下文的“and became a music teacher”可知，在她四十几岁时，她改变了职业(career)，从工程师成为一名音乐老师，故B项正确。A项意为“态度”，C项意为“计划”，D项意为“地位”，都与语境不符。
14．A.scholarship B．sponsor
C．degree D．assistant
C 解析：根据句中的“She went back to college”和“and became a music teacher”可知，她重返大学学习音乐，并取得了音乐教育的学位(degree)，成了一名音乐老师。A项意为“奖学金”，B项意为“赞助人”，D项意为“助手”，都与语境不符。
15．A.provided B．imagined
C．received D．expected
C 解析：根据上文可知，“我”的父母认为妹妹没有音乐天赋，拒绝了妹妹上全日制音乐学校的请求，据此可以判断，妹妹做音乐老师时，给了孩子们她未曾得到(received) 的鼓励和支持。A项意为“提供”，B项意为“想象”，D项意为“期望”，都与语境不符。
16．A.voted B．feared
C．stayed up D．turned up
D 解析：根据上文的“put on a recital”可知，妹妹和一位钢琴家举办了一场演奏会；据此可以判断，朋友和家人们都到场了。A项意为“投票”，B项意为“担心，害怕”，C项意为“熬夜”，D项意为“到达，露面”。
17．A.students B．audience
C．spotlights D．platform
B 解析：根据下文的“enjoying the music”可知，所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐；据此可知，“我”环顾了四周的观众(audience)，故B项正确。A项意为“学生”，C项意为“聚光灯”，D项意为“平台，讲台”。
18．A.obviously B．desperately
C．appropriately D．anxiously
A 解析：根据本句中的“enjoying the music”可知，很显然(obviously)，所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐。B项意为“极其”，C项意为“恰当地”，D项意为“着急地”，都与语境不符。
19．A.booming B．pleasing
C．awful D．powerful
C 解析：根据上文的“How did she sound？Terrible.”可知，七岁时，“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了(awful)，故C项正确。A项意为“迅速发展的”，B项意为“令人愉快的”，D项意为“有力量的”，都与语境不符。
20．A.everything B．something
C．everybody D．somebody
A 解析：根据本句中的“and knew how far she had come，despite”并结合上文可知，“我”想起了妹妹七岁时演奏小提琴的糟糕的声音，只有“我”知道她不顾一切(everything) 走了多远。
语法填空
Dear Dad，
On this date of your 50th birthday, Mom gave me the letter you wrote me 1.____________ I was born 18 years ago. In your letter, you wished me to be strong-minded and successful. You were looking forward to 2.____________(see) me fight for my future bravely and do well for myself and others.
After reading this letter, I feel quite 3.____________(shock) at your expectation on me. I also feel ashamed for not having performed well 4.____________(meet) your demand. I still remember when I was in primary school, I failed to apply myself to studying. I was 5.____________(addict) to computer games. As a consequence, I soon became 6.____________ last one in my class. You didn’t abuse me at all. On the contrary, you taught me that studying was the most important object at the moment and 7.____________(encourage) me to study hard. Only when I have read your letter did I realize that I behaved so badly 8.____________that time.
I can’t help expressing my gratitude and sending my best wishes to you. Wish you health and 9.____________(happy). I promise that I will spare no effort to satisfy your demand of being a brave and 10.____________(success) person.
Yours，
Li Hua
1．when 解析：考查连词的用法。此处表示：当十八年前“我”出生时。故用when引导。
2．seeing 解析：考查非谓语动词。look forward to期待，to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。
3．shocked 解析：考查词性转换。此处作表语且表示人的心理，故用shocked。
4．to meet 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式表示目的。
5．addicted 解析：考查词性转换。此处是作表语，意为“上瘾的”，故用addicted。
6．the 解析：考查冠词的用法。此处意为：最后一个，用the last one。
7．encouraged 解析：考查动词的时态。and前后连接并列的动作，根据上文的taught可知，此处用过去式。
8．at 解析：考查介词。此处意思是“在那时”，应用介词at。
9．happiness 解析：考查词性转换。此处是and连接两个名词作宾语。
10．successful 解析：考查词性转换。此处是形容词作定语，修饰person。
课件81张PPT。Unit 16 Storiesspecific discouragesevereexpand apparentsignificance abnormalvividoriginsufferingadmirableunbearableeagergradual uncertainname...aftercome acrosshold upcount onfigure outend upput up within particularNow that Helen understood the key to languageTrying to learnwhile working on a simple taskUncertain about how to fix themIt was the first timehad understoodWithout lovesignificanceforsignificantsignificantsignificancediscourageddiscouragingto workcame aboutcame upcome up withcame tohave admiredforadmirationcount her as count on counts for put up withput awayputting upfigure outAs for my favorite figurekept her figureend upspendinginwith支撑起举起延迟抢劫outoutbackononSevereseverelyexpand a sentence intohas expanded toexpand onbecauseSinceforas convenientacceptedcyclinghave beenhad riddento starttook/should take本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．The boy was so ____________(笨拙的) that he even knocked into the wall when walking.
答案：clumsy
2．At the formal party I felt very ____________(令人不舒服的) and out of place.
答案：awkward
3．It is not a good idea to choose a day when you feel ____________(紧张的) to quit smoking.
答案：tense
4．Having worked nonstop for a whole day, we felt ____________(头晕目眩的) and sick.
答案：dizzy
5．The professor’s ____________(令人厌倦的) speech made all of us lose interest in the course.
答案：tiresome
6．They greeted him with thunderous ____________(掌声) as he entered the room.
答案：applause
单句改错
1．The boy was such nervous that he couldn’t say a word.
____________________
答案：such→so
2．The girl said that the last one arrive would pay for the meal.
____________________
答案：arrive前加to
3．The more you practise, more confident you will be.
____________________
答案：第二个more前加the
4．I would rather that you tell me the news today.
____________________
答案：tell→told
5．The girl had much difficulty persuade her father to quit smoking.
____________________
答案：persuade→persuading
完成句子
1．昨天天气很好， 我们去野餐了。
The weather was ________ fine yesterday ________ we went out for a picnic.
答案：so；that
2．她越是唠唠叨叨， 我就越不耐烦。
____________ she talked, ________________ I became.
答案：The more；the more impatient
3．富兰克林不仅被看作发明家， 而且被看作政治家。
Franklin was considered ____________ an inventor, ____________ a statesman.
答案：not only；but also
4．他总是第一个来， 最后一个离开。
He is always ____________________ and __________________．
答案：the first to come；the last to leave
5．你学习越努力， 你取得的进步就越大。
The harder you work at your study, ________________________ you will make.
答案：the greater progress
课文语篇改错
The day everything went wrong was May 24. First, I had to wait 30 minute for the school bus. When it did not arrive, I decided to walking to school. The day was hot and tired. The next problem happened when I arrived school. Mr Fan reminded me in a loudly voice that the poetry reading competition, which I had forgotten, was that afternoon. That was no time to practise at lunch time, but I read from my book instead of reciting the poems. I was not surprising when I came last in the competition. The last problem of the terrible day happened when I got into bed at that night. I kept a glass of water near the bed, and as I got into bed it fall over onto my pillow.
答案：
The day everything went wrong was May 24. First, I had to wait 30 for the school bus. When it did not arrive, I decided to to school. The day was hot and . The next problem happened when I arrived school. Mr Fan reminded me in a voice that the poetry reading competition, which I had forgotten, was that afternoon. was no time to practise at lunch time, I read from my book instead of reciting the poems. I was not when I came last in the competition. The last problem of the terrible day happened when I got into bed that night. I kept a glass of water near the bed, and as I got into bed it over onto my pillow.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．The more tickets you sell, the ____________(much) money you will get.
答案：more
2．The audience ____________(applaud) the wonderful performance of the dancer.
答案：applauded
3．When you feel ____________(tension), a deep breath is helpful.
答案：tense
4．The boy was ____________(clumsy) than his trained classmates while operating the computer.
答案：clumsier
5．Not everything that makes you feel uncomfortable is ____________(tire)．
答案：tiresome
6．Most of us prefer to try our best rather than ____________(give) up.
答案：give
7．When you are taking an exam, you mustn’t refer ____________ your notes.
答案：to
8．I don’t know whether he will make sense ____________ what the teacher says.
答案：of
9．He is ____________ interesting a person that he always makes us laugh.
答案：so
10．____________ this case, you’d better leave him alone.
答案：In
阅读理解
Goldfish have pretty boring lives, so maybe it’s a good thing that they can only concentrate for nine seconds！But according to a new research, humans are becoming like goldfish.Our attention span(时长) is getting shorter...and it’s all because of technology.
“We move quickly from one site to another on the web，”says Doctor Ted Selker, a computer scientist from Massachusetts，“and we are losing the ability to concentrate. ” With millions of websites to choose from, the attention span of the average Internet user is just seconds.There are other digital distractions(分心) too：e-mail, instant messaging and quickie movies on websites.
Some people are worried about the effect on young people.“You need time to understand and think about what you read，”says Julia Wood, from London.“Young people search the net all the time and their brains become full of useless information but there is no time to make sense of it.I am trying to persuade my pupils to read more books, so that they concentrate on one subject for longer.”
Other teachers are trying more unusual methods to improve students’ concentration.Anne Savan, from Wales, was so worried about her students that she started playing Mozart during her science lessons.She says that it had an amazing effect：“The music made them calmer, and their concentration was much better.”
But not everyone believes that there is a problem.Ray Cole, an educational psychologist says：“On the web, young people learn to make quick decisions about what is and isn’t worth reading.They might look at five unhelpful websites very quickly, before stopping and reading a sixth useful website more carefully.In a world with so much information available, this is an important skill.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。随着科技的发展，人们将大量时间花在浏览网站上，快速不断地浏览使人们的注意力时长越来越短；但是有人认为，浏览网站，可以提高年轻人的判断能力。
1．Why does the writer mention “goldfish”？
A．To analyze data.
B．To introduce a topic.
C．To settle problems.
D．To suggest a way out.
B 解析：推理判断题。文章第一段第一句说金鱼只能集中九秒钟的注意力；结合第一段的第二句“But according to a new research, humans are becoming like goldfish.”可知，人们正变得像金鱼一样；接着文章提出中心论点：由于技术发展，我们的注意力时长变得越来越短。据此可以判断，作者用金鱼的例子是为了引出文章主题，故B项正确。
2．What may cause a shorter attention span according to Dr.Ted Selker?
A．Skipping around the Internet.
B．Time to digest information.
C．Traditional methods of reading.
D．Making decisions.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“We move quickly from one site to another on the web”“and we are losing the ability to concentrate”可知，Ted Selker认为，由于人们快速浏览网站，人们正在丧失集中注意力的能力，故A项正确。
3．What will help students overcome a short attention span?
A．Receiving emails.
B．Texting messages.
C．Reading more books.
D．Watching quickie movies.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“I am trying to persuade my pupils to read more books, so that they concentrate on one subject for longer.”可知，阅读更多的书将有助于学生克服注意力时间短的问题，故C项正确。
4．What is Ray Cole’s attitude towards looking through websites quickly?
A．Cautious. B．Unfavorable.
C．Skeptical. D．Supportive.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But not everyone believes that there is a problem.”“On the web, young people learn to make quick decisions about what is and isn’t worth reading.”可知，Ray Cole认为年轻人快速浏览网站可以提高自己快速判断的能力；据此可判断，Ray Cole对快速浏览网站持支持态度，故D项正确。
完形填空
When I was about 11 years old, one day, I was at my friend Jenny’s house after school, and we were doing homework. While I was there a friend of Jenny’s mom came over to visit.
I don’t remember her name or__1__what her face looked like. I just remember her__2__， her voice and the lesson she taught me.
I can still see her hands reaching out for mine in our__3__. They were so beautiful, I thought. Then I heard her saying, not at all in a condescending(居高临下) manner. “Oh no, that is not__4__you shake hands. Let me show you how.”
After that, I just remember her voice explaining the__5__of a good handshake，__6__a positive sense of__7__， looking the other person in the eye, making that first moment__8__...I think in that exchange I first understood__9__．
I respected her for taking the__10__to teach me about one of those subtleties(微妙的事情) in life. I__11__the fact that she didn’t__12__down to me because I was 11 or because I didn’t__13__something. And so because of that I felt somewhat respected, I mean in the way she__14__me. I felt good to be talked to like a__15__person, and not like whatever the__16__perception(观点) of an 11-year-old would be. I also appreciate her instilling(逐渐灌输) the idea that if someone doesn’t know or isn’t__17__of something, have compassion(热情) and point him or her in the right__18__； don’t be afraid to share your__19__．
I think of her every time I meet someone__20__and I’m so thankful for her little lesson.
1．A.else B．even
C．still D．otherwise
B 解析：作者此处的表达方式为欲擒故纵，为突出后面对方教给她正确的握手方式做铺垫。对方叫什么名字作者不记得，更不记得对方长得什么样。为了突出后面事物的程度，我们用even，而or else连在一起，意思是“否则的话”，相当于otherwise。
2．A.figure B．arms
C．eyes D．hands
D 解析：把握全文，作者的中心是对别人教给她正确的握手方式而念念不忘，因此文章围绕着“握手”这一中心话题而展开，令作者感到难以忘怀的也是对方的手。如果选figure“身影”，显然没有扣准文章的中心。
3．A.expectation B．introduction
C．interview D．reception
B 解析：根据文章的语境和常识判断，作者和对方是第一次见面，要互相介绍，要握手，从而引出文章的中心。选“期望”，“面试”，“接待”，显然是脱离了文章的具体语境。
4．A.how B．when
C．why D．where
A 解析：根据语境和常识判断，作者是一个11岁的孩子，因此不知道怎样跟别人握手，即不知道握手的正确方式是很自然的事情。
5．A.procedure B．value
C．attraction D．importance
D 解析：看到作者不会跟别人握手，对方教给她正确的握手方式，很自然地会谈起正确握手的重要性。四个选项中干扰性比较大的是value“价值”，用来修饰“握手”这一行为，显然不妥当。procedure意思是“程序”，也不能用来表示“握手”。
6．A.indicating B．conveying
C．predicting D．producing
B 解析：此处对方还是向作者介绍正确的握手方式的重要性：正确的握手方式能够把自己积极的一面传达出来，convey表示“传达”；indicate意思是“暗示，预示”；predict意思是“预言”；produce表示“生产产品”。
7．A.self B．pride
C．others D．impression
A 解析：根据具体的语境和常识判断，正确的握手方式能够传达握手者自己的形象，因此用self。其他选项显然都没有准确理解文章具体的语境。
8．A.preserve B．occur
C．matter D．last
C 解析：根据常识判断，人们握手时会给对方留下第一印象，因此，第一次见面的时刻非常重要，所以选动词matter，当“关键；重要”讲。last多表示时间的“持续”，显然第一次见面的时刻瞬间即逝，不可能一直持续下去。preserve多指对动植物的“保护”。
9．A.manners B．equality
C．charm D．respect
D 解析：文章下文多次提到“尊敬”，握手这一动作显然能体现彼此的尊重，而作者此刻也明白了什么是尊重。
10．A.time B．chance
C．efforts D．occasion
A 解析：作者非常感激，因为对方非常耐心地教给她这些道理。对方并没有忽视作者，或敷衍作者，而是拿出时间来教育作者。此处说明对方的耐心，如果选B，则表示抓住“机会”，显然这并不是什么机会。make efforts to do sth. 表示“努力做”，因此C项不符合搭配和此处的语境。
11．A.recalled B．preferred
C．appreciated D．realized
C 解析：作者在文章中好几次提到对方的感激，因此此处还是表达作者的感激之情，用appreciate表示“感激；欣赏”。
12．A.look B．stand
C．bend D．talk
D 解析：作者非常感激对方，还有一个重要原因是对方没有把自己当作一个孩子看待，没有居高临下的姿态。此处强调对方和作者谈话的方式。bend down意思是“弯下腰来”；look down upon/on意思是“瞧不起，歧视”。
13．A.know B．like
C．feel D．correct
A 解析：根据语境判断，此处作者还是说明自己对握手的无知，所以选know。
14．A.reminded B．treated
C．taught D．helped
B 解析：此处作者作了概括，作者感激对方是因为对方对自己的尊重，即以平等的方式对待作者。
15．A.close B．good
C．real D．great
C 解析：承接上文，作者为自己能够被当作一个真正的人来对待而感到高兴。而a great person表示“伟人”。
16．A.general B．extreme
C．realistic D．wrong
A 解析：根据语境判断，此处作者非常感激对方，因为对方没有按照普遍的观点来对待一个11岁的孩子。大人很容易把一个11岁的孩子当作小孩子来对待，这不能说是“极端”，也不能说这是错误，因此不选B或D。
17．A.short B．careful
C．aware D．fond
C 解析：对方向作者灌输了一种观点：当别人不知道，或者没有意识到什么事情的时候，要教对方。be aware of意思是“意识到”，符合语境和题意；be fond of意思是“喜欢”不符合题意。
18．A.way B．direction
C．aspect D．stage
B 解析：本题极易受汉语思维的影响而选way。in the right way表示“以正确的方式”，而此处作者表示的意思是：把对方引导到正确的方向上来，而不是教育别人的方式。
19．A.knowledge B．sense
C．wisdom D．experience
A 解析：前文作者说到学会了正确的握手方式，这显然是一种“知识”，而不是“经验”或“智慧”，因此此处作者的用意是号召大家分享自己的知识，而不要保守。
20．A.important B．strange
C．familiar D．new
D 解析：文章叙述的是学会握手的过程。因此此处表示每当第一次见到一个人的时候，作者会情不自禁地想起朋友母亲的那位朋友，用new符合逻辑。someone strange意思是“奇怪的人”，而表达“陌生人”，英语用stranger。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Wherever she goes, Molly leaves her mark. Without saying a word, she speaks to people with her kind eyes. Even when she walks away, she leaves an impression. Molly’s mark is a smile, stamped into the ground by the horseshoe at the bottom of her false leg.
A few years ago, Molly was badly attacked by a dog. The dog bit all four of Molly’s legs and left large cuts in her face. Molly’s owner, Kate Harris, took her to an animal hospital. Doctors there were able to save Molly’s life, but soon one of her legs became very infected.
At first, doctors thought Molly would have to be put to sleep. But Molly changed their minds. This pony, doctors noticed, shifted her weight, and rested her good leg from time to time. Doctors knew that Molly had amazing intelligence, and that she wanted to live.
Several doctors operated on Molly, and removed her infected leg. A false leg was made for her. The leg was a hollow cast with a pole at the bottom for balance. Doctors gave Molly a special horseshoe at the bottom of the leg. This horseshoe she had had a stamp of a smile face in it!
After the operation, Molly walked around on all four legs, as if nothing had ever happened to her! Now, with every step she takes, she stamps a smile in the dirt. But she leaves her mark in other ways, too.
Kate Harris took Molly to the false leg center. There were children there who, like Molly, had artificial arms or legs. They were amazed to see a pony with a false leg. Molly made them smile and gave them hope. Soon, Molly began to visit schools, nursing homes, army bases and hospitals. A book was even written about Molly!
【解题导语】 一匹从死亡线上活过来的小马被装上了特制的假肢，转而一举成名，所到之处，大受欢迎。
1．Molly is the name of a ________．
A．dog B．horse
C．parent D．child
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This pony...”可知，莫利是一匹马。另外，文中的“horseshoe”也是线索提示。
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Molly can speak to people in kind words.
B．Kate Harris took Molly to a children’s hospital after the attack.
C．In the beginning, doctors had planned to end Molly’s life.
D．Molly sometimes leaves smiling marks on people’s faces.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句“At first, doctors thought Molly would have to be put to sleep.”可知，起初医生打算结束莫利的生命。
3．What is unique about Molly?
A．Molly has a false leg with a horseshoe shaped like a smiling face.
B．Molly ran a race and won the first prize.
C．Molly often visits places such as schools and parks.
D．Molly has become a symbol of hope for people of all ages.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句以及第四段的最后一句可推知，莫利的独特之处在于它有一条假肢，且上面装有一只笑脸形状的特制马蹄。
4．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．A Book on Molly B．A False Leg
C．A Successful Operation D．Leaving Her Mark
D 解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段第一句开门见山地点明了本文的主题，由此可判断D项作为本文的标题最合适。
B
Rap music, or hip-hop, is a style of pop music originating in the mid-1970s among black and Hispanic (西班牙的) performers in New York City. At first, it was associated with an athletic style of dancing, known as break-dancing(霹雳舞)．
The 1980s saw the intense diversification(多元化) in rap music, which developed into a more complex form. The simple tales of the 1970s were replaced by the complex, multi-layered beats. Some rappers even became mainstream pop performers, including Kurtis Blow.
Rap music was almost entirely unknown outside of the United States prior__to the 1980s. During that decade, it began to spread and became a part of the music scene in dozens of countries. In the early part of the decade, break-dancing became the first aspect of hip－hop culture to reach Germany, Japan and South Africa. Meanwhile, recorded rap music was released in France and the Philippines.
In the 1990s and the following decade, elements of rap music continued to be absorbed into other kinds of popular music. In Europe, Africa, and Asia, rap music began to reach mainstream audiences.
In the 2000s, the United States has seen the rise of alternative rap music in the form of popular performers like The Roots, Mos Def, and many others.
In some countries, performers have become well known outside of their own countries, and rap music has continued to spread into new lands, including Russia, Egypt, and China.
There are various views on rap music. For example, some people criticize rap music for the promotion of violence, while others admire it as a way to understand cultural idioms and consider many rappers to have an acute social and political awareness.
5．The rap music in the 1980s developed into________．
A．a simpler form B．an easier form
C．a more complex form D．a more difficult form
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段第一句The 1980s saw the intense diversification(多元化) in rap music, which developed into a more complex form. 可知答案为C选项。
6．The underlined part in the third paragraph probably means “________”．
A．in B．before
C．after D．within
B 解析：词义猜测题。从其后一句的解释可知，prior to the 1980s意为“在20世纪80年代以前”，故B项与其意义接近。
7．Rap music began to be accepted by the mainstream in Europe in________．
A．the middle of the 1970s
B．the 2000s
C．the 1990s
D．the 1980s
C 解析：推理判断题。由第四段中开头及最后一句rap music began to reach mainstream audiences可判断出。
8．Which of the following statements is RIGHT?
A．The author doesn’t like rap music because he thinks that it promotes violence.
B．In the 2000s, some rap music performers became popular around the world.
C．Break-dancing comes from rap music.
D．In the 1990s, the first piece of rap music was released in the Philippines by Mos Def.
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段 and rap music has continued to spread into new lands, including Russia, Egypt, and China可判断B选项正确。
语法填空
Walking is one of the healthiest and cheapest ways to get moving. All you need are a pair of comfortable shoes and the 1.____________ (willing) to get moving. Start gradually and increase your distance 2.____________ no more than five minutes each week. Don’t worry about how far you can go. Walk at a pace where you can breathe 3.____________(comfort). Try this walk three times in your first week and in the following week add 4.____________ extra couple of minutes. Continue to build your distance gradually until you are at a stage 5.____________ you can walk for 30 minutes.
There will be days when you won’t feel like 6.____________(go) out. We all can create excuses on these days, but it’s a lot harder 7.____________(explain) your excuses to someone else. So walking with others 8.____________(be) a better way out. Sometimes a canine(犬类的) buddy is even better than a human one. Evidence 9.____________(show) the most active old people are those who have a dog. The dog won’t listen to your excuses about being too busy or 10.____________ (tire). The dog won’t mind the cold or the rain.
【解题导语】 散步是最健康最省钱的运动，但是散步也有一些学问，尤其是对于那些不能坚持长久的人，本文会对他们有所启发。
1．willingness 解析：考查名词。空格前有定冠词the，需填名词，故填willingness。
2．by 解析：考查介词。increase之后用介词by引出“增加”的幅度，故填by。
3．comfortably 解析：考查副词。此处需要用副词作状语，修饰动词breathe，故填comfortably。
4．an 解析：考查冠词。a couple of几个。extra是元音读音开头的词，因此不定冠词应用an，故填an。此空易误填to或up，构成add to或add up短语，结果导致couple前缺少必要的冠词。
5．where 解析：考查定语从句引导词。stage表示抽象概念“阶段”，在其后定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
6．going 解析：考查非谓语动词。feel like doing sth.“想要做某事”，故填going。
7．to explain 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处为固定句型It＋is＋adj.＋to do sth.故填to explain。
8．is 解析：考查主谓一致。动名词短语walking with others作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填is。防止受others的就近干扰而误填are。
9．shows 解析：考查时态。本文时态是一般现在时，此处应该用一般现在时表示客观事实，主语evidence为单数第三人称，故填shows。
10．tired 解析：考查形容词。所填词与busy一起，都强调人的状况，表示“疲劳的”，故填tired。
短文改错
My friend Lin Tao was born in Liaoning Province to the northeast of China. He met with a traffic accident when he was younger. As a result，he lost one of his legs. Although he suffered a great deal，he never loses his heart. Lin Tao has even published a book. He enjoys playing his guitar and listen to music. He does excellent job in school. But he is always ready to help those in trouble. He wins the respects of his classmates and his teachers.
In my opinion，Lin Tao is extreme brave and he sets a good example to we all.
答案：
My friend Lin Tao was born in Liaoning Province the northeast of China. He met with a traffic accident when he was . As a result，he lost one of his legs. Although he a great deal，he never loses heart. Lin Tao has even published a book. He enjoys playing his guitar and to music. He does excellent job in school. he is always ready to help those in trouble. He wins the of his classmates and his teachers.
In my opinion，Lin Tao is brave and he sets a good example to all.
课件39张PPT。Unit 16 Storiesawkwardtensedizzyclumsytiresomeapplaudfall overcall outknock overmake sensework outrather thanrefer tobecause ofin this caseon the other handthe instant I left homeThe morethe redderThere is so much suffering in the real world thatthe first nation of people to use surnamesnot only in China but alsooutwithwith/fromwaitingtiringtensedtensestensionforapplauseapplausewithunderstandinggettingwithmade no sensemake sense ofin a senseThere is no sense in arguing In no sense willthancamehad comeis提到参考涉及指的是reference booksIn that casein case of In no caseIt is often the caselonger and longermore and more interestingthe more interested the more so excellent a speech thatso tired thatso much work to do that so many falls thatto knowto winto be examinednot onlybut alsodoes hehe takes本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
单句语法填空
1．She stared at the painting, wondering where she ____________(see) it.
答案：had seen
2．John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather ____________(take) with them to school.
答案：had taken
3．The hotel wasn’t particularly good, but I ____________(stay) in many worse hotels.
答案：had stayed
4．The moment I got home, I found I ____________(leave) my jacket on the playground.
答案：had left
5．We first met on a train in 2010.We both felt immediately that we ____________(know) each other for years.
答案：had known
6．He ____________(play) football regularly for many years when he was young.
答案：played
7．At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ____________(reach)．
答案：had been reached
8．—Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
—We ____________(be) busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
答案：had been
9．George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ____________(focus) more on its culture.
答案：focused
10．Tom, could you get the film ____________(develop) for me, please?
答案：developed
阅读理解
A
Here are four athletes of the ancient world.
Theagenes of Thasos
Theagenes won 1，300 competitions over the course of a 22-year career. His most important achievements came at the Olympics in 480 BC and 476 BC, when he became the first athlete to win championships in both boxing and pankration(古希腊式搏击), an ancient form of mixed martial arts(武术). He won another 21 championships at the Pythian, Nemean and Isthmian games, and even won a crown(桂冠) as a long-distance runner during a competition in the city of Argos.
Leonidas of Rhodes
Leonidas of Rhodes was a runner who won championships in three categories at the Olympic Games in 164 BC, 160 BC, 156 BC and 152 BC. Leonidas was famous not only for his long career—he won his final championships at the age of 36—but also for being good at various sports. In total, Leonidas of Rhodes surprisingly achieved 12 Olympic victories, which have never been equaled in either the ancient or modern competitions.
Gaius Appuleius Diocles
Gaius Appuleius Diocles was a Roman racer in the second century A．D. During a 24-year career, Gaius competed in over 4，200 races, winning 1，462 and finishing second 861 times. Gaius was good at winning big money events, and his earnings saw him become one of the richest men in ancient Rome. Gaius Appuleius Diocles’ career winnings were equal to over $15 billion in modern-day cash.
Diagoras of Rhodes
Diagoras of Rhodes won the crown at the Olympics in 464 BC. He went on to win boxing titles at the Pythian games at Delphi, the Nemean games and the Isthmian games. Diagoras was perhaps most famous for the achievements of his three sons, all of whom won championships in boxing or pankration.
【解题导语】 本文主要向我们介绍了古代一些非常著名的运动员。
1．Who won the most Olympic victories in history?
A．Diagoras of Rhodes.
B．Theagenes of Thasos.
C．Gaius Appuleius Diocles.
D．Leonidas of Rhodes.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Leonidas of Rhodes surprisingly achieved 12 Olympic victories, which have never been equaled in either the ancient or modern competitions可知，答案应选D项。
2．Because of competing in races, Gaius Appuleius Diocles became________．
A．very generous B．extremely greedy
C．extremely wealthy D．famous all over the world
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的Gaius Appuleius Diocles’ career winnings were equal to over $15 billion in modern-day cash.可知，他因为参加比赛而变得极其富有。
3．What do we know about Diagoras of Rhodes?
A．He was very good at pankration.
B．He was the father of three champions.
C．He didn’t want his sons to be athletes.
D．He was most famous for winning boxing titles.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据末段的Diagoras was perhaps most famous for the achievements of his three sons, all of whom won championships in boxing or pankration. 可知，答案应选B项。
4．Who won a championship at the Olympics earlier than the rest?
A．Leonidas of Rhodes.
B．Diagoras of Rhodes.
C．Gaius Appuleius Diocles.
D．Theagenes of Thasos.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的Theagenes won 1，300 competitions over the course of a 22-year career. His most important achievements came at the Olympics in 480 BC and 476 BC可知，他在公元前480年就获得了奥林匹克比赛的冠军，比其他三人都要早。
B
Anyone who passes regularly through busy public spaces knows that one victim of our obsession(痴迷) with digital devices such as smartphones has been small talk. With our eyes focused on our smartphones, fewer of us make conversation with strangers. But are we missing something in this loss of relaxing small talk?
A growing body of research suggests that small talk has surprising benefits. In a study published in 2014 in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that daily interactions with casual acquaintances(熟人) can contribute to day-to-day well-being. Participants(参与者) were asked to record their daily interactions with people connected to them by “strong ties”(family and friends) and “weak ties”(acquaintances). On days when participants had more “weak tie” interactions than usual, they reported a greater sense of belonging and happiness.
In a study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in 2014, another group of researchers looked at interactions among strangers. They invited 118 commuters(通勤者) at a Chicago-area railway station and gave them one of three roles: to start a conversation on the train, to avoid any conversation and enjoy the solitude(loneliness) or to do whatever they normally do on their commute. In surveys completed afterward, those who were instructed to make conversation with strangers reported “notably more positive” commutes than those who rode in solitude.
“Talking with a stranger may not offer the same benefits as talking with a close friend, but we underestimate(低估) its importance to us，” says the study’s co-author, Nicholas Epley, a professor of behavioral science at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Dr. Epley traded in his own smartphone for an old featureless phone, which has made him, he says, more open to “wonderful, short conversations with strangers”．
People overestimate the social risks involved in small talk, adds Dr.Epley, “Most people not only want to talk to you; they’ll tell you secret things they may not even tell a family member.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过一些重要研究结果说明了闲谈的益处。
5．The first study got the findings from the participants by comparing their ________．
A．strong and weak tie interactions
B．casual and close acquaintances
C．private and public interactions
D．family members and friends
A 解析：推理判断题。细读第二段可知，这项研究通过比较参与者的“强联系”交际和“弱联系”交际得出了结论。
6．What did the study done on the train find out?
A．People are likely to ride in solitude on the train.
B．Few commuters like to chat with strangers.
C．There are three kinds of train commuters.
D．Chats with strangers bring joy to people.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的In surveys completed afterward... who rode in solitude.可知，这项研究发现，与陌生人的交谈会给人们带来愉快。
7．Which of the following would Dr. Epley probably agree with?
A．It is nicer to talk with strangers than friends.
B．Smartphones may kill small talk with strangers.
C．People fail to realize the importance of friendship.
D．Most strangers prefer to spend time on their phones.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的Dr. Epley traded in his own smartphone for an old featureless phone, which has made him, he says, more open to “wonderful, short conversations with strangers”．可推断，Epley博士应该会认为，智能手机可能会扼杀与陌生人的闲谈。
8．What does the text mainly discuss?
A．The interactions with strangers.
B．The loss of relaxing small talk.
C．The influence of smartphones.
D．The important role of small talk.
D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要论述了闲谈的益处。第二段首句A growing body of research suggests that small talk has surprising benefits.为文章的中心句。
语法填空
A CCTV journalist succeeded in arousing a heated discussion among netizens by asking people whether they were happy. The responses to the question were various, even some quite funny ones 1.____________ (include). Although people played jokes 2.____________ the answers, it did not take long before they began to figure out the true 3.____________ (mean) of happiness.
It is certain that people’s views on happiness 4.____________(affect) greatly by their own life experience. 5.____________(fortune), too many people refer to being rich as happiness and there is no sign of a decrease in the number of those who are voluntarily at the mercy of wealth. Some people 6.____________ intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, 7.____________(believe) that is where their happiness lies. Some are eager to inherit their parents’ property, especially those who are 8.____________(know) as silver-spoon kids. Even worse, some would rather break the law 9.____________(satisfy) their financial desire or seek their fortune illegally.
In my opinion, happiness is not about pursuing wealth merely 10.____________ about admiring the beautiful things in life. Therefore, live your life to the fullest and be happy.
1．included 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处意为：甚至包括一些可笑的回答。included在此处是过去分词作后置定语。
2．on 解析：考查介词的用法。play jokes on...取笑……。
3．meanings 解析：考查词性转换。冠词后接名词，此处是复数意为“幸福的意义”。
4．are affected 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。此处意为：人们对于幸福的看法很受自己生活经历的影响。表示一般的情况且是被动意义。
5．Unfortunately 解析：考查词性转换。此处是副词位于句首，修饰整个句子。结合语境用Unfortunately。
6．whose 解析：考查定语从句。由名词intention和句子结构可知此处应用关系代词whose。
7．believing 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是现在分词作伴随状语。
8．known 解析：考查词性转换。be known as...作为……而出名。
9．to satisfy 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式短语作目的状语。
10．but 解析：考查连词的用法。此处是not...but...结构，意为：不是……而是……。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Think about the last time you felt a negative emotion—like stress, anger, or frustration.What was going through your mind as you were going through that negativity? Was your mind cluttered with(充斥) different kinds of thoughts? Or was it paralyzed, unable to think?
The next time you find yourself in the middle of a very stressful time, or you feel angry or frustrated, stop.Yes, that’s right, stop.Whatever you’re doing, stop and sit for one minute.While you’re sitting there, completely immerse yourself in the negative emotion.Allow that emotion to consume you.Allow yourself one minute to truly feel that emotion.Don’t cheat yourself here.Take the entire minute—but only one minute—to do nothing else but feel that emotion.
When the minute is over, ask yourself，“Am I willing to keep holding on to this negative emotion as I go through the rest of the day？”Once you’ve allowed yourself to be totally immersed in the emotion and really feel it, you will be surprised to find that the emotion clears rather quickly.
If you feel you need to hold on to the emotion for a little longer, that is OK.Allow yourself another minute to feel the emotion.When you feel you’ve had enough of the emotion, ask yourself if you’re willing to carry that negativity with you for the rest of the day.If not, take a deep breath.As you exhale, release all that negativity with your breath.
This exercise seems simple—almost too simple.But, it is very effective.By allowing that negative emotion the space to be truly felt, you are dealing with the emotion rather than stuffing it down and trying not to feel it.You are actually taking away the power of the emotion by giving it the space and attention it needs.When you immerse yourself in the emotion, and realize that it is only emotion, it loses its control.You can clear your head and proceed with your task.
1．What should you do when you are into negativity according to the article?
A．Listen to some music.
B．Ignore it and do something else.
C．Just do nothing and truly feel that emotion.
D．Think about it and try to deal with it immediately.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Take the entire minute—but only one minute—to do nothing else but feel that emotion.可推断答案选C。
2．The underlined word “immerse”(Paragraph 2) most probably means “________ ”．
A．break down B．get rid of
C．cut off D．throw into
D 解析：词义猜测题。下文Allow yourself one minute to truly feel that emotion.意为“允许你自己完完全全地去感受这种消极的情绪”。由此可知immerse意思是使你完全融入到这种情绪中，所以答案选D。
3．What’s the best title of this text?
A．Clear Your Mental Space
B．Deep Breath, Trouble Away
C．Try to Avoid the Negative Emotion
D．Keep Holding on to This Negative Emotion as Long as Possible
A 解析：标题归纳题。综合全文可知本文就如何清理心理空间提供了一些建议。B项是建议的一方面；C项中的avoid有误；D项也是片面的，且as long as possible有误。所以答案选A。
4．The author’s attitude towards negative emotion is ________．
A．doubtful B．optimistic
C．frightened D．confused
B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一句话You can clear your head and proceed with your task.可知作者的态度是积极乐观的。所以选B。
B
Harry Potter and The Hunger Games haven’t been big hits for nothing.Lots of teens still read quite a lot.But a study shows a clear decrease over time.Nearly half of 17-year-olds say they read for pleasure no more than one or two times a year.That’s way down from ten years ago.
The digital revolution means there are more platforms(平台) than ever to read on.Jim Steyer has been studying the effect of technology on children.He has four kids and has seen the trend(趋势) most with his 16-year-old.“I start to see it in our 10-year-old as well, because he is reading less and less, and more and more attracted to some of the digital media platforms that he has access to, and that he didn’t have access to when he was 6 or 7 years old，” he says.
The studies don’t say that kids are reading less because they’re spending more time online.But Steyer is convinced that’s at least part of the answer.
“First of all, most children now have access to e-readers, or other smart electronic devices(设备) like phones and tablet PC(平板电脑)，” he says.“And they’re spending time on that.Many reports show the increasing use of new technology platforms by kids.It just strikes me as extremely logical that that’s a big reason.”
Researchers want to know more about how teens are spending their time in the digital age.But Kathryn Zickuhr of the Pew Research Center says it’s tricky.If a kid is looking at a book, you may think he or she is reading.But when it comes to looking at a smartphone or tablet PC, who knows?
“We’ve heard from middle and high school teachers that sometimes the Internet is wonderful for enthusiastic students to do deep research，” says Zickuhr.“But on the other side, obviously there are many distractions(使人分心的事物) on the Internet.”
However, Jim Steyer says, “Kids with parents who read, who buy or take books out of the library for their kids, and who then set time aside in their kids’ daily schedule for reading, tend to read the most—whether it’s on a book, an e-book or some other devices.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了青少年不再为了乐趣而看书的原因。
5．The first paragraph implies that ________．
A．most people read books just for fun
B．fewer teens read books for pleasure
C．The Hunger Games aren’t bestsellers
D．Harry Potter novels aren’t popular with teens
B 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的Lots of teens still read quite a lot...ten years ago.可知，青少年单纯为了乐趣而阅读的人数大大降低了。
6．What statement may Kathryn Zickuhr agree to?
A．Kids are easily distracted on the Internet.
B．Most kids pretend to be doing online reading.
C．Most kids like to read on a smartphone or tablet PC.
D．Kids rarely use the Internet to do serious research.
A 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的But on the other side, obviously there are many distractions(使人分心的事物) on the Internet.可知，A项正确。
7．The last paragraph suggests that ________．
A．parents need to spare time to read for kids
B．parents should make a reading plan for kids
C．parents can do a lot to encourage more reading
D．parents working in a library tend to read the most
C 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的Kids with parents who read...tend to read the most可知，父母可以通过以身作则来鼓励孩子们多看书。
8．What is the main idea of the text?
A．What books do teens like to read the most?
B．Why aren’t teens reading like they used to?
C．How can teens read on electronic platforms?
D．When will teens turn to books for fun again?
B 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了因为大量数字媒体的存在，青少年不再为了乐趣而看书的情况，因此B项符合文章主旨。
短文改错
Alice, my best friend, devotes many energy to her lessons.She is always one of the top student in our class.She loves the music so much that she made it a rule to enjoy songs in her spare time.Alice is always willing to help other, and she often helps us with our lessons.As a volunteer, she has successful organized some voluntary activities.We paid a visit a nursing home last month, so we picked up rubbish near our school.That we did was warmly welcomed.Win honor for our school, Alice is well known to our classmates.
答案：
Alice, my best friend, devotes energy to her lessons.She is always one of the top in our class.She loves music so much that she it a rule to enjoy songs in her spare time.Alice is always willing to help ， and she often helps us with our lessons.As a volunteer, she has organized some voluntary activities.We paid a visit a nursing home last month, we picked up rubbish near our school. we did was warmly welcomed. honor for our school, Alice is well known to our classmates.
书面表达
假设你是李华，最近从你的美国笔友Sandy的email中得知你的另一个笔友John迷上了打电子游戏。请你根据下面的提示用英语给John写一封电子邮件劝说他不要沉迷游戏。
1．告知如何得知信息；
2．描述沉迷于打电子游戏的危害(导致视力下降、浪费金钱、影响学习等)；
3．你的建议。
注意：1.词数 100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear John，
I am sorry to learn from Sandy that you are addicted to playing computer games.
In some way, playing computer games can help us relax. But it’s not good to be addicted to it. First, it will cause you to be near-sighted. Second, it may cost you a lot of money. What’s more, it will have a bad effect on your study, for you spend most time on playing computer games.
So you’d better get rid of your bad habit and there are ways to help you. When you feel like playing computer games, try doing something else. Moreover, taking up a new hobby is a nice idea. Hope you will give it up soon.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
Section Ⅴ Grammar & Writing
过去完成时& have/get sth. done的用法
单句语法填空
1．When I hurried to the theatre, the people had__left (leave) already.
2．He had__learned (learn) English for one year before he went to England.
3．They had__finished (finish) reading 100 books by the end of last month.
4．Your new computer doesn’t work, so you’d better get it repaired (repair)．
5．When he was playing football yesterday, he got his left leg broken (break)．
过去完成时
一、 定义
过去完成时(past perfect) 表示发生在过去的两个动作中在前的那一个， 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在 “过去的过去”。
二、 基本结构
主语＋had＋过去分词
①肯定句： 主语＋had＋过去分词
②否定句： 主语＋had＋not＋过去分词
③一般疑问句： Had＋主语＋过去分词？
肯定回答： Yes, 主语＋had.
否定回答： No, 主语＋had not.
④特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词或词组＋一般疑问句(had＋主语＋过去分词)?
⑤被动语态： 主语＋had/hadn’t＋been＋过去分词
三、 基本用法
过去完成时的判定方法：
1．由时间状语来判定
一般来说， 各种时态都有特定的时间状语。过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作， 常用的标志性时间状语有：
(1)by＋过去的时间点
I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.
昨晚九点之前我读完了那部小说。
(2)by the end of＋过去的时间点
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
上学期结束前我们已学了2 000多个英语单词。
(3)before＋过去的时间点
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在上周三之前他们已经种了600棵树。
2．由 “过去的过去” 来判定
过去完成时表示 “过去的过去”， 是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作， 即动作有先后关系， 动作在前的谓语动词用过去完成时， 在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：
(1)宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时， 且从句的动作先于主句的动作时， 从句要用过去完成时。如在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
Damon said he had kept the book for 2 weeks.
达蒙说，他借了这本书两周了。
(2)状语从句中
在时间、 条件、 原因、 方式等状语从句中， 主、 从句的动作发生有先后关系， 动作在前的， 要用过去完成时， 动作在后的要用一般过去时。
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
他完成作业后就睡觉了。
before, after引导的时间状语从句中， 由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系， 若主、 从句表示的动作紧密相连， 则主、 从句都用一般过去时。如：
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
他关上门后离开了教室。
(3)表示意向的动词， 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等， 用过去完成时表示 “原本……， 未能……”。
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
我们本希望你能来， 但你没来。
3．由特殊句型来判定
过去完成时还可用在hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., It was the first(second, etc.) time(that)．..等固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience inter-rupted him.
他刚开始演讲， 听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。
have/get sth. done的用法
一、 使役动词have的用法
1．have＋宾语＋过去分词： 该结构一般有两种意义， 一为 “致使”， 二为被动。前者表示主语的意志致使某事发生或被做到， 后者则与主观意志完全无关。
(1)让别人做某事
I must have this table photocopied.
我必须(找人) 把这个表格复印出来。
(2)使某物遭受某事
I had my pocket picked on the subway.
我在地铁里被人掏了口袋。
2．have＋宾语＋不定式(不带to): 该结构表示主动 “让某人做某事”。
I had my children clean the house before you arrived.
在你们来之前， 我让孩子们把屋子打扫干净了。
3．have＋宾语＋现在分词： 该结构表主动， 有两种意思， 一是 “使……持续做某事” ; 二是与否定词连用， 表示 “不容许某人做某事”。
(1)have＋宾语＋现在分词
Every time I met her, she would have me listening to her complaints about her job.
每次遇到她， 她总是让我听她对工作的抱怨。
(2)not have＋宾语＋现在分词(不容许某人做某事)
I won’t have you smoking in the sitting room.
我不许你在起居室里抽烟。
二、 使役动词get的用法
1．get＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语
He has got his coat dirty. 他把上衣弄脏了。
Get these chairs outdoors, please.
请把这些椅子搬到外面去。
I’ve got him into trouble.
我使他陷入了困境。
2．get＋宾语＋不定式， 表示主动， 意为 “让……去做某事”
Can you get us to do the experiment?
你能让我们做这个实验吗？
3．get＋宾语＋现在分词， 表示主动， 意为 “使……重新……”
Let me try now.I’ll get the car starting.
现在让我试试看， 我会使车子发动起来。
4．get＋宾语＋过去分词， 表示被动， 意为 “使……被……”
Finally I got my pay raised.
最后我的工资增加了。
三、 使役动词have和get的用法比较
1．have sth.done＝get sth.done，二者都可以表示以下三种意义：
①请别人帮忙做某事
②使某事被做
③表示一种不幸的遭遇
2. “have＋宾语＋现在分词” 表示 “使……持续进行”， 宾语和动词是主动关系； “get＋宾语＋现在分词” 表示 “使……开始做某事”
3．表示 “让某人做某事” 时， 用have sb.do sth.或者get sb.to do sth.
I can’t have him stop smoking.
＝I can’t get him to stop smoking.
我无法让他戒烟。
四、 have/get sth.done的各种常用时态如下表：
一般现在时
have/get sth.done
一般过去时
had/got sth.done
现在进行时
be having/getting sth.done
过去进行时
was/were having/getting sth.done
现在完成时
have had/got sth.done
过去完成时
had had/got sth.done
一般将来时
will/be going to have/get sth.done
在使用have sth.done结构时， 要注意与have done sth.的区别： have sth.done中的have为动词原形， 表示 “使/让” ; have done sth.中的have为表示现在完成时的助动词。
单句语法填空
1．I ____________(hope) to leave for Paris this morning, but I had an unexpected visitor.
答案：had hoped
2．He ____________(learn) more than 5，000 French words when he entered university at the age of 15.
答案：had learned
3． Silk ____________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
答案：had become
4．When I got to school, I realized I ____________(leave) my backpack at home.
答案：had left
5．It was the first time that we ____________(see) such a moving movie that year.
答案：had seen
6．If you ____________(watch) the teacher carefully enough, you would have done the experiment successfully.
答案：had watched
7．The computer I ____________(repair) yesterday went wrong.
答案：had repaired
8．The big city got some famous buildings ____________(destroy) in the flood.
答案：destroyed
9．What a shame！I can’t get him ____________(stop) crying.
答案：to stop
10．The farmers had the tractors ____________(work) day and night at the harvest time.
答案：working
单句改错
1．I planned to go to school earlier, but I got up late this morning. ____________________
答案：planned前加had
2．The doctor cured 200 people by the end of last month. ____________________
答案：cured前加had
3．It is cold here and it is hard to get the car gone again. ____________________
答案：gone→going
4．He paid back the money he borrowed from the bank. ____________________
答案：borrowed前加had
5．Your computer doesn’t work.You’d better have it repair now. ____________________
答案：repair→repaired
语法与写作
1．我本打算帮助你的，但是我当时太忙了。
I ________________________， but I was too busy at the time.
答案：had intended to help you
2．这个人刚刚到家，他的妻子就开始和他争吵。
The man ________________________ when his wife began to quarrel with him.
答案：had just arrived home
3．这个女孩说，她以前看过这部著名的电影。
The girl said that she ____________________________________．
答案：had seen the famous film before
4．这个老太太在购物时，钱包被偷了。
The old woman ________________________ while she was doing some shopping.
答案：had her purse stolen
5．不要紧张，我会让人尽快把房子装饰一下的。
Take it easy! I ’ll ________________________ as soon as possible.
答案：get the house decorated
如何写一篇记叙文
文体感知
1．概念： 记叙文是以叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化的过程为主的一种文体。
2．分类： 叙事为主的记叙文； 记人为主的记叙文。
3．内容安排：
(1)叙事类记叙文要说清楚事件发生的时间、 地点， 事件所涉及的人物， 事件的起因、 经过和结果， 即我们通常所说的5W1H(Who, What, When, Where, Why, How)。
(2)记叙文通常由开头、 主体、 结尾三个部分构成。
4．语言特征：
(1)英语记叙文中通常以一般过去时为主， 其他时态为辅， 使得所记、 所叙有鲜活的动态感、 鲜明的层次感和立体感。
(2)一般以第一或第三人称的角度来叙事。
5．记叙文写作注意事项：
写作时， 根据题干要求， 使用不同的人称。记叙本人的经历用第一人称； 叙述他人的故事或经历则用第三人称。另外， 记叙文多是记述过去的事情或经历， 常用一般过去时。但也可根据具体情况适当使用过去完成时、 过去进行时或者一般现在时等。
常用句式
1．My classmates helped me look for my glasses by putting up notices on the school forum.
2．On the way to school, I met a foreigner who had got lost while going to the national park.
3．As Teachers’ Day was approaching, our class decided to throw Ms.Wang, our English teacher, a surprise party.
4．I watched the Shaoxing opera, Butterfly Lovers with my British friend, John, on Saturday afternoon.
5．This common behavior, which has ruined our environment, has left me deep in thought.
写作要求
请根据以下提示， 并结合具体事例， 用英语写一篇短文。
Small things make a big difference.The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society.
注意： 1.无须写标题；
2．除诗歌外， 文体不限；
3．内容必须结合你生活中的具体事例；
4．文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
5．词数100左右， 如引用提示语则不计入总词数。
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
记叙文
话题
亲身经历
时态
一般过去时
人称
第一人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①成长 ____________________
②一个事件 ____________________
③在一个下雨的周日的下午 ____________________
④被撞倒 ____________________
⑤毫不犹豫 ____________________
⑥与……相对比 ____________________
答案：①grow up ②an incident ③on a rainy Sunday afternoon ④be knocked down ⑤without hesitation
⑥compared with
2．句式
①我清楚地记得发生在一个下雨的周日下午的一个事件。
一般表达： I can well remember an incident and it happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.
高级表达： (用that引导的定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②我正在一个十字路口等绿灯， 突然一个十岁左右的小女孩被一辆路过的汽车撞倒了， 车子立刻就跑了。
一般表达： I was waiting for the green light at a crossing and a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car and the car drove off quickly.
高级表达： (使用be doing＋when结构和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③我意识到有责任心会创造一个更美好的社会。
一般表达： I am aware that being responsible can make a better society.
高级表达： (使用what引导的表语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.
②I was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly.
③I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
It isn’t hard to grow up into a responsible member of society.
I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.I was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly.A man immediately rushed to the girl to give her first aid and I joined in without hesitation.Luckily she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital.Compared with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.
As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．She stared at the painting, wondering where she ____________(see) it.
答案：had seen
2．John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather ____________(take) with them to school.
答案：had taken
3．The hotel wasn’t particularly good, but I ____________(stay) in many worse hotels.
答案：had stayed
4．The moment I got home, I found I ____________(leave) my jacket on the playground.
答案：had left
5．We first met on a train in 2010.We both felt immediately that we ____________(know) each other for years.
答案：had known
6．He ____________(play) football regularly for many years when he was young.
答案：played
7．At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ____________(reach)．
答案：had been reached
8．—Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
—We ____________(be) busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
答案：had been
9．George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he ____________(focus) more on its culture.
答案：focused
10．Tom, could you get the film ____________(develop) for me, please?
答案：developed
阅读理解
A
Here are four athletes of the ancient world.
Theagenes of Thasos
Theagenes won 1，300 competitions over the course of a 22-year career. His most important achievements came at the Olympics in 480 BC and 476 BC, when he became the first athlete to win championships in both boxing and pankration(古希腊式搏击), an ancient form of mixed martial arts(武术). He won another 21 championships at the Pythian, Nemean and Isthmian games, and even won a crown(桂冠) as a long-distance runner during a competition in the city of Argos.
Leonidas of Rhodes
Leonidas of Rhodes was a runner who won championships in three categories at the Olympic Games in 164 BC, 160 BC, 156 BC and 152 BC. Leonidas was famous not only for his long career—he won his final championships at the age of 36—but also for being good at various sports. In total, Leonidas of Rhodes surprisingly achieved 12 Olympic victories, which have never been equaled in either the ancient or modern competitions.
Gaius Appuleius Diocles
Gaius Appuleius Diocles was a Roman racer in the second century A．D. During a 24-year career, Gaius competed in over 4，200 races, winning 1，462 and finishing second 861 times. Gaius was good at winning big money events, and his earnings saw him become one of the richest men in ancient Rome. Gaius Appuleius Diocles’ career winnings were equal to over $15 billion in modern-day cash.
Diagoras of Rhodes
Diagoras of Rhodes won the crown at the Olympics in 464 BC. He went on to win boxing titles at the Pythian games at Delphi, the Nemean games and the Isthmian games. Diagoras was perhaps most famous for the achievements of his three sons, all of whom won championships in boxing or pankration.
【解题导语】 本文主要向我们介绍了古代一些非常著名的运动员。
1．Who won the most Olympic victories in history?
A．Diagoras of Rhodes.
B．Theagenes of Thasos.
C．Gaius Appuleius Diocles.
D．Leonidas of Rhodes.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Leonidas of Rhodes surprisingly achieved 12 Olympic victories, which have never been equaled in either the ancient or modern competitions可知，答案应选D项。
2．Because of competing in races, Gaius Appuleius Diocles became________．
A．very generous B．extremely greedy
C．extremely wealthy D．famous all over the world
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的Gaius Appuleius Diocles’ career winnings were equal to over $15 billion in modern-day cash.可知，他因为参加比赛而变得极其富有。
3．What do we know about Diagoras of Rhodes?
A．He was very good at pankration.
B．He was the father of three champions.
C．He didn’t want his sons to be athletes.
D．He was most famous for winning boxing titles.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据末段的Diagoras was perhaps most famous for the achievements of his three sons, all of whom won championships in boxing or pankration. 可知，答案应选B项。
4．Who won a championship at the Olympics earlier than the rest?
A．Leonidas of Rhodes.
B．Diagoras of Rhodes.
C．Gaius Appuleius Diocles.
D．Theagenes of Thasos.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的Theagenes won 1，300 competitions over the course of a 22-year career. His most important achievements came at the Olympics in 480 BC and 476 BC可知，他在公元前480年就获得了奥林匹克比赛的冠军，比其他三人都要早。
B
Anyone who passes regularly through busy public spaces knows that one victim of our obsession(痴迷) with digital devices such as smartphones has been small talk. With our eyes focused on our smartphones, fewer of us make conversation with strangers. But are we missing something in this loss of relaxing small talk?
A growing body of research suggests that small talk has surprising benefits. In a study published in 2014 in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers found that daily interactions with casual acquaintances(熟人) can contribute to day-to-day well-being. Participants(参与者) were asked to record their daily interactions with people connected to them by “strong ties”(family and friends) and “weak ties”(acquaintances). On days when participants had more “weak tie” interactions than usual, they reported a greater sense of belonging and happiness.
In a study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in 2014, another group of researchers looked at interactions among strangers. They invited 118 commuters(通勤者) at a Chicago-area railway station and gave them one of three roles: to start a conversation on the train, to avoid any conversation and enjoy the solitude(loneliness) or to do whatever they normally do on their commute. In surveys completed afterward, those who were instructed to make conversation with strangers reported “notably more positive” commutes than those who rode in solitude.
“Talking with a stranger may not offer the same benefits as talking with a close friend, but we underestimate(低估) its importance to us，” says the study’s co-author, Nicholas Epley, a professor of behavioral science at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. Dr. Epley traded in his own smartphone for an old featureless phone, which has made him, he says, more open to “wonderful, short conversations with strangers”．
People overestimate the social risks involved in small talk, adds Dr.Epley, “Most people not only want to talk to you; they’ll tell you secret things they may not even tell a family member.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过一些重要研究结果说明了闲谈的益处。
5．The first study got the findings from the participants by comparing their ________．
A．strong and weak tie interactions
B．casual and close acquaintances
C．private and public interactions
D．family members and friends
A 解析：推理判断题。细读第二段可知，这项研究通过比较参与者的“强联系”交际和“弱联系”交际得出了结论。
6．What did the study done on the train find out?
A．People are likely to ride in solitude on the train.
B．Few commuters like to chat with strangers.
C．There are three kinds of train commuters.
D．Chats with strangers bring joy to people.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的In surveys completed afterward... who rode in solitude.可知，这项研究发现，与陌生人的交谈会给人们带来愉快。
7．Which of the following would Dr. Epley probably agree with?
A．It is nicer to talk with strangers than friends.
B．Smartphones may kill small talk with strangers.
C．People fail to realize the importance of friendship.
D．Most strangers prefer to spend time on their phones.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的Dr. Epley traded in his own smartphone for an old featureless phone, which has made him, he says, more open to “wonderful, short conversations with strangers”．可推断，Epley博士应该会认为，智能手机可能会扼杀与陌生人的闲谈。
8．What does the text mainly discuss?
A．The interactions with strangers.
B．The loss of relaxing small talk.
C．The influence of smartphones.
D．The important role of small talk.
D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要论述了闲谈的益处。第二段首句A growing body of research suggests that small talk has surprising benefits.为文章的中心句。
语法填空
A CCTV journalist succeeded in arousing a heated discussion among netizens by asking people whether they were happy. The responses to the question were various, even some quite funny ones 1.____________ (include). Although people played jokes 2.____________ the answers, it did not take long before they began to figure out the true 3.____________ (mean) of happiness.
It is certain that people’s views on happiness 4.____________(affect) greatly by their own life experience. 5.____________(fortune), too many people refer to being rich as happiness and there is no sign of a decrease in the number of those who are voluntarily at the mercy of wealth. Some people 6.____________ intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income, 7.____________(believe) that is where their happiness lies. Some are eager to inherit their parents’ property, especially those who are 8.____________(know) as silver-spoon kids. Even worse, some would rather break the law 9.____________(satisfy) their financial desire or seek their fortune illegally.
In my opinion, happiness is not about pursuing wealth merely 10.____________ about admiring the beautiful things in life. Therefore, live your life to the fullest and be happy.
1．included 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处意为：甚至包括一些可笑的回答。included在此处是过去分词作后置定语。
2．on 解析：考查介词的用法。play jokes on...取笑……。
3．meanings 解析：考查词性转换。冠词后接名词，此处是复数意为“幸福的意义”。
4．are affected 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。此处意为：人们对于幸福的看法很受自己生活经历的影响。表示一般的情况且是被动意义。
5．Unfortunately 解析：考查词性转换。此处是副词位于句首，修饰整个句子。结合语境用Unfortunately。
6．whose 解析：考查定语从句。由名词intention和句子结构可知此处应用关系代词whose。
7．believing 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是现在分词作伴随状语。
8．known 解析：考查词性转换。be known as...作为……而出名。
9．to satisfy 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式短语作目的状语。
10．but 解析：考查连词的用法。此处是not...but...结构，意为：不是……而是……。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Think about the last time you felt a negative emotion—like stress, anger, or frustration.What was going through your mind as you were going through that negativity? Was your mind cluttered with(充斥) different kinds of thoughts? Or was it paralyzed, unable to think?
The next time you find yourself in the middle of a very stressful time, or you feel angry or frustrated, stop.Yes, that’s right, stop.Whatever you’re doing, stop and sit for one minute.While you’re sitting there, completely immerse yourself in the negative emotion.Allow that emotion to consume you.Allow yourself one minute to truly feel that emotion.Don’t cheat yourself here.Take the entire minute—but only one minute—to do nothing else but feel that emotion.
When the minute is over, ask yourself，“Am I willing to keep holding on to this negative emotion as I go through the rest of the day？”Once you’ve allowed yourself to be totally immersed in the emotion and really feel it, you will be surprised to find that the emotion clears rather quickly.
If you feel you need to hold on to the emotion for a little longer, that is OK.Allow yourself another minute to feel the emotion.When you feel you’ve had enough of the emotion, ask yourself if you’re willing to carry that negativity with you for the rest of the day.If not, take a deep breath.As you exhale, release all that negativity with your breath.
This exercise seems simple—almost too simple.But, it is very effective.By allowing that negative emotion the space to be truly felt, you are dealing with the emotion rather than stuffing it down and trying not to feel it.You are actually taking away the power of the emotion by giving it the space and attention it needs.When you immerse yourself in the emotion, and realize that it is only emotion, it loses its control.You can clear your head and proceed with your task.
1．What should you do when you are into negativity according to the article?
A．Listen to some music.
B．Ignore it and do something else.
C．Just do nothing and truly feel that emotion.
D．Think about it and try to deal with it immediately.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Take the entire minute—but only one minute—to do nothing else but feel that emotion.可推断答案选C。
2．The underlined word “immerse”(Paragraph 2) most probably means “________ ”．
A．break down B．get rid of
C．cut off D．throw into
D 解析：词义猜测题。下文Allow yourself one minute to truly feel that emotion.意为“允许你自己完完全全地去感受这种消极的情绪”。由此可知immerse意思是使你完全融入到这种情绪中，所以答案选D。
3．What’s the best title of this text?
A．Clear Your Mental Space
B．Deep Breath, Trouble Away
C．Try to Avoid the Negative Emotion
D．Keep Holding on to This Negative Emotion as Long as Possible
A 解析：标题归纳题。综合全文可知本文就如何清理心理空间提供了一些建议。B项是建议的一方面；C项中的avoid有误；D项也是片面的，且as long as possible有误。所以答案选A。
4．The author’s attitude towards negative emotion is ________．
A．doubtful B．optimistic
C．frightened D．confused
B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一句话You can clear your head and proceed with your task.可知作者的态度是积极乐观的。所以选B。
B
Harry Potter and The Hunger Games haven’t been big hits for nothing.Lots of teens still read quite a lot.But a study shows a clear decrease over time.Nearly half of 17-year-olds say they read for pleasure no more than one or two times a year.That’s way down from ten years ago.
The digital revolution means there are more platforms(平台) than ever to read on.Jim Steyer has been studying the effect of technology on children.He has four kids and has seen the trend(趋势) most with his 16-year-old.“I start to see it in our 10-year-old as well, because he is reading less and less, and more and more attracted to some of the digital media platforms that he has access to, and that he didn’t have access to when he was 6 or 7 years old，” he says.
The studies don’t say that kids are reading less because they’re spending more time online.But Steyer is convinced that’s at least part of the answer.
“First of all, most children now have access to e-readers, or other smart electronic devices(设备) like phones and tablet PC(平板电脑)，” he says.“And they’re spending time on that.Many reports show the increasing use of new technology platforms by kids.It just strikes me as extremely logical that that’s a big reason.”
Researchers want to know more about how teens are spending their time in the digital age.But Kathryn Zickuhr of the Pew Research Center says it’s tricky.If a kid is looking at a book, you may think he or she is reading.But when it comes to looking at a smartphone or tablet PC, who knows?
“We’ve heard from middle and high school teachers that sometimes the Internet is wonderful for enthusiastic students to do deep research，” says Zickuhr.“But on the other side, obviously there are many distractions(使人分心的事物) on the Internet.”
However, Jim Steyer says, “Kids with parents who read, who buy or take books out of the library for their kids, and who then set time aside in their kids’ daily schedule for reading, tend to read the most—whether it’s on a book, an e-book or some other devices.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了青少年不再为了乐趣而看书的原因。
5．The first paragraph implies that ________．
A．most people read books just for fun
B．fewer teens read books for pleasure
C．The Hunger Games aren’t bestsellers
D．Harry Potter novels aren’t popular with teens
B 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的Lots of teens still read quite a lot...ten years ago.可知，青少年单纯为了乐趣而阅读的人数大大降低了。
6．What statement may Kathryn Zickuhr agree to?
A．Kids are easily distracted on the Internet.
B．Most kids pretend to be doing online reading.
C．Most kids like to read on a smartphone or tablet PC.
D．Kids rarely use the Internet to do serious research.
A 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的But on the other side, obviously there are many distractions(使人分心的事物) on the Internet.可知，A项正确。
7．The last paragraph suggests that ________．
A．parents need to spare time to read for kids
B．parents should make a reading plan for kids
C．parents can do a lot to encourage more reading
D．parents working in a library tend to read the most
C 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的Kids with parents who read...tend to read the most可知，父母可以通过以身作则来鼓励孩子们多看书。
8．What is the main idea of the text?
A．What books do teens like to read the most?
B．Why aren’t teens reading like they used to?
C．How can teens read on electronic platforms?
D．When will teens turn to books for fun again?
B 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了因为大量数字媒体的存在，青少年不再为了乐趣而看书的情况，因此B项符合文章主旨。
短文改错
Alice, my best friend, devotes many energy to her lessons.She is always one of the top student in our class.She loves the music so much that she made it a rule to enjoy songs in her spare time.Alice is always willing to help other, and she often helps us with our lessons.As a volunteer, she has successful organized some voluntary activities.We paid a visit a nursing home last month, so we picked up rubbish near our school.That we did was warmly welcomed.Win honor for our school, Alice is well known to our classmates.
答案：
Alice, my best friend, devotes energy to her lessons.She is always one of the top in our class.She loves music so much that she it a rule to enjoy songs in her spare time.Alice is always willing to help ， and she often helps us with our lessons.As a volunteer, she has organized some voluntary activities.We paid a visit a nursing home last month, we picked up rubbish near our school. we did was warmly welcomed. honor for our school, Alice is well known to our classmates.
书面表达
假设你是李华，最近从你的美国笔友Sandy的email中得知你的另一个笔友John迷上了打电子游戏。请你根据下面的提示用英语给John写一封电子邮件劝说他不要沉迷游戏。
1．告知如何得知信息；
2．描述沉迷于打电子游戏的危害(导致视力下降、浪费金钱、影响学习等)；
3．你的建议。
注意：1.词数 100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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One possible version：
Dear John，
I am sorry to learn from Sandy that you are addicted to playing computer games.
In some way, playing computer games can help us relax. But it’s not good to be addicted to it. First, it will cause you to be near-sighted. Second, it may cost you a lot of money. What’s more, it will have a bad effect on your study, for you spend most time on playing computer games.
So you’d better get rid of your bad habit and there are ways to help you. When you feel like playing computer games, try doing something else. Moreover, taking up a new hobby is a nice idea. Hope you will give it up soon.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
课件43张PPT。Unit 16 Storieshad lefthad learnedhad finishedrepairedbroken本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
1．witness v． 目击(睹); 证明
n. 目击者； 证人； 证据
(1)witness to (doing) sth. 为……作证； 证明； 表明
witness for 作证； 为……辩护
(2)a witness to... ……的证明/目击者
bear/give witness to 作为……的证据
2．occur vi. 发生； 出现
sth.occurs to sb. 某人想到某事； 某事浮
现在某人的脑海中
It occurs to sb.that... ……的想法浮现于某人的脑海。
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。
3．preserve vt. 保护， 保存
n. 保护区
(1)preserve...from... 保护……免受……
(2)preservation n. 维护； 保护； 保持
(3)well-preserved adj. 保存得好的； 保养很好的
4．sympathy n. [U]同情； 同情心； 赞同
express/feel sympathy for sb. 对某人表达/感到同情
have no sympathy for sb. 不同情某人
be in sympathy with... 赞同/支持……
out of sympathy 出于同情
5．burst vi. 爆炸； 冲，闯； 突发
n. 突发， 迸发
burst out laughing/crying 突然大笑/大哭
burst into laughter/tears 突然大笑/大哭
6．discourage vt. 使泄气， 使灰心；劝阻
(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.
劝阻某人不做某事
(2)discouraging adj. 令人气馁的
(3)discouraged adj. 灰心丧气的
be/get discouraged 泄气
【构词】前缀dis-，构成反义词； 常见词： disappear消失； disappoint使失望； dislike不喜欢
7．admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；极佳的
admire sb.for sth. 佩服某人的……
with admiration 羡慕地； 赞赏地
1．in__a__way 从某种程度上说； 从某种
意义上说
by way of 取道； 经由
on the way 在路上； 即将来临
in this way 用这种方式
in the way 挡道
in no way 决不
2．come__across 偶然遇见
come about 发生
come up 出现； 走上前； 发芽
come up with 想出； 提出
come out 出现； 结果是
3．hold__up 支撑起； 延迟； 阻碍；
举起； 抢劫
hold back 阻拦； 抑制
hold on 继续
hold on to 抓住不放； 坚持
hold out 伸出； 维持
4．put__up__with 容忍， 忍受
put away 储存(钱); 储存……以备用
put up 举起； 张贴； 为……提供食宿
put forward 提出(意见、 建议)
put off 延期， 推迟
put out 熄灭； 扑灭
5．in__this__case 在这种情况下， 这样的话
in that case 那样的话
in any case 无论如何
in no case 决不
in case 以防， 以防万一
in case of 如果， 假使
1．现在分词短语作定语
Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path, including whole villages and towns.
【仿写】 站在树下的女孩真迷人。
The girl standing__under__the__tree is really charming.
2．It is...that...强调句型
However, much more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.
【仿写】 我是在北京观看的2018央视春晚。
It__was__in__Beijing__that I watched the 2018 CCTV Spring Festival Gala.
3．as if引导表语从句
Another man, lying on his side, looks as if he is trying to get up.
【仿写】 这个经理那么傲慢， 好像他是国王。
The manager is so proud that he looks as__if__he__were__the__king．
4．while时间状语从句的省略
The word “think” was also a difficult one for Helen but she had a breakthrough while working on a simple task.
【仿写】 在西班牙旅行时， 他交到了几个好朋友。
While__travelling__in__Spain,__he made a few good friends.
5．the first＋名词＋to do
The Chinese were the first nation of people to use surnames about 2，500 years ago.
【仿写】 这个男孩是第一个反对老师意见的人。
The boy was the__first__person__to__object to his teacher.
1．I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone ____________(do) it. Was it you?
答案：had done
2．They ____________(finish) the work before nine o’clock last night.
答案：had finished
3．He said he ____________(meet) her before.
答案：had met
4．In cold weather, it’s hard to get the car ____________(start)．
答案：started
5．You should have your eyes ____________(test)．
答案：tested
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文， 并背诵成文。
1．不久前的一天在这条街上发生了一起车祸。一位老人目睹了整个过程。(occur; witness)
2．这个年轻人伤得太重， 手都无法举起来了。(hold up)
3．出于同情， 很多人过来帮忙。(sympathy)
4．伤者在等待救护车期间， 苏醒了。(while doing...)
5．伤者的母亲赶来， 看到儿子放声大哭。(burst)
6．是几个过路人把伤者送到了医院。(It was...that...)
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One possible version：
The other day a traffic accident occurred in the street.An old man witnessed the whole accident.The young man was so badly injured that he couldn’t hold up his hands.Out of sympathy, many people came up to help.While waiting for the ambulance, the young man came back to life.His mother reached and seeing her son, she burst into tears.It was several passers-by that sent the injured to the hospital.
课件16张PPT。Unit 16 Storieswitnessfortooccurtotopreservefromsympathyforburstdiscourage fromadmirablein a wayofcome acrossaboutouthold upbacktoput up withupoffin this casenoofstanding under the treeIt was in Beijing thatas if he were the kingWhile travelling in Spainthe first person to object本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
