牛津译林版 Unit8 A green world 单元学案（含部分答案）

8B Unit8 A green world
Comic & Welcome to the unit
【预学热身】
1. 过去经常做某事__________________________ 2. 乘地铁________________________
3. 关灯________________ 4. 骑自行车_______________ 5. 减少空气污染_____________________
【知识要点】
1. -I like digging in the garden. -Are you serious.
dig vt& vi 挖（洞，沟等）过去式和过去分词是dug，现在分词形式digging
serious adj”认真的，严肃的” 常用短语：be serious about 对...认真；nothing serious没什么严重的。seriously adv严肃地，认真地；seriousness n.严肃，认真
2. We can reduce air pollution by riding bicycles.
reduce vt”减少，降低（水平，损失，价格等）”，“减轻（症状）”；
反义词 increase 增加；reduction n 减少；缩减
例如：the jackets have been reduced by 10% 夹克打九折
By 1995 this figure has reduced (from 5%) to under 4%
【词义辨析】
reduce to 降低到.....减少到.... 例如：the number of students reduce to 30.; reduce by 降低了....减少了... 例如：the number of students reduce by 30.
【例题】（2015 无锡中考）-I’ve decided to give up my job,Mum.
-___________You’d better think twice.
A. Sounds great B. What a pity C. Guess what? D. Are you serious
3. We can protect the environment by recycling waste.
介词by充当方式状语，recycle vt 回收利用，循环利用（强调可再生）
例如：rice straw can be recycled into a very good insulation material稻草可以回收制成很好的隔热材料。
【词义辨析】reuse & recycle
reuse ：某种物体再次使用，但是物体还是原来的物体，没有被分解成新的物体，而且前后两次使用，用途一样。
recycle：材料可以循环使用加工成其他物品再生使用，物体前后使用用途不一样。
4. More and more families own cars and this causes serious air pollution.
cause vt”导致，引起（不好的结果）” cause problems; cause flood
可接双宾语 cause sb sth=cause sth for sb “给某人带来某物”； cause sb/sth to do sth “导致某人／某物做某事”
例如： The cold weather caused the plans to die.
名词“原因，起因” 常与of连用“.........的起因” 例如：What’s the cause of the accident?
【例题】(2017 孝感调考）Every year driving after drinking wine ______a lot of traffic accidents. A. happens B. provides C. causes
We were very sad and angry to hear that the bad milk power(劣质奶粉) ______the deaths of some babies. A. made B. put C. caused D. gave

5. It’s wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles.
wise adj”明智的，充满智慧的” 句子中做定语和表语，比较级和最高级wiser，wisest
wisely adv. 明智地；wisdom n 明智，智慧，才智。
【例题】我认为你在家自己教孩子并不明智
_____________________________________________________________________________
Tony, remember _______with your mouth full of food.
A. to talk B. not to talk C. talking
- Would you like to attend the farewell party next week,Mr Huang?
- Sure,I’d love to. I have no reason to _____your invitation.
A. turn down B. turn off C. turn up D. turn on


Reading
【预学热身】
1.允许某人做某事_____________________ 2.把......从......分离_______________
3. 从全国各地收集旧衣服 4. vt 惩罚___________ n._____________
5. 例如_______________ 6. 丰富的资源___________________
7. 用完，耗尽________________ 8. vt 产生，导致
9. vt 污染____________ n.____________ 10.对.......产生影响__________________

【知识要点】
1. It is a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes.
with介词短语做定语，修饰名词country，翻译成：这是一个有着高山和干净蓝色湖泊的国家。
【思考】I will travel to Switzerland with my close friends. 这里的with是做_______________,用来修饰_____________.

2. In Switzerland, things like glass,plastic,and paper are separated into different groups and then recycled.
Separate vt”分开，隔开“； separate ....into..”把.....和....分离开”； Separate out：把元素／分子／因子分解出来
Separate adj “独立的，分开的” 例如：They sleep in separate rooms.
【词义辨析】divide...into..& separate..into.... & separate...from....
divide..into...：把一个整体分离成若干个部分 例如：The world is divided into seven continents.
Separate...into..: 把原本连在一起的或靠近的事物分离开；
Separate...from...: 把.....分离开 例如：the oil separates from the water
【词义辨析】separate & separated
separate和separated都有形容词的运用，但是separated通常指“分开的，不在一起生活的”
【例题】It’s impossible to_____________(分离)the Diaoyu Islands from China.

3. For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees.
(1) allow v. “允许，准许,得到认可“
常用结构：allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事（主动）；allow doing sth 允许做某事； be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事（被动）；allow for将....考虑在内
【例题】My parents don’t allow me_________________late. （stay up）
Cutting down trees shouldn’t __________________(allow) to do.
We don’t allow________________(smoke) in public.
Pets ___________________(not allow) to enter into public areas.
(2) cut down “砍倒”；“削减，减少”
(南通海陵中学三模）People have realized how important the environment is, but still trees__________in the world every year.
A. were cut down B. cut down C. are cut down D. will be cut down
4. Otherwise, we will be punished.
Punish vt”惩罚，处罚” 用法：punish sb“处罚某人” ；punish sb for doing sth”因做某事而惩罚某人” ；punish oneself“自责”
例如： He was punished for refusing to answer their questions.
Jenny made mistakes and she punished herself.
【拓展】punishment n. “惩罚，处罚” 例如：Punishment had very little effect on him.
【例题】(2015 镇江中考） We will be___________(punish) if we take action to protect the environment.
5. There are also laws to limit air and water pollution.
(1) There be句型中，to do不定式作_______________成分，修饰_____________.
翻译成：________________________________________________________________.
(2) limit vt”限制” 用法：limit......to...... 例如：we must limit our budget to ?100
n.“极限”；“边界，范围，界限” 用法：limit to......”对.....的限制”
例如：There is a limit to the number of people who can compete.
[拓展] limitation n”对........的限制；局限（短处）”常用介词on／of.....
【词义辨析】control & limit & restrict
Control: 约束管理，管制，常构成复合词 如： arms control 军备控制
Limit：限制到某种量之内，额定范围之内 如：speed limit
Restrict:限定规定或法规
【例题】There is no _______________ to how much fresh fruit you can eat in a day.
A. need B. decision C. limit D. limitation
Chore is hard-working and She has always to work ______the limit of my strength.
A. above B. beyond C. below D. within
6. We depend on its rich resources to live, so it’s important for us to protect it wisely.
（1）depend on／upon 动词词组“取决于” ；“指望，依靠‘(无进行时和被动语态)
例如：I shouldn’t be too late.But it depends if the traffic is bad.
You can depend on his coming in on Sunday.
Is he coming? That depends. He may not have time.
【拓展】dependent adj”依靠的”； dependence n “依赖；依靠；信任” 反义 independence
例如： economic dependence 经济独立
【例题】All living things on the Earth_________(depend) on the sun for their growth.
Teenagers‘______________(depend) on network has been raised more attention by families and schools.
(2) wisely adv“（做决定等）明智地”；wise adj“明智的，充满智慧的”；wisdom n“智慧，才干”
【词义辨析】Smart & clever & bright & intelligent & wise
Smart: 聪颖的，机灵的：指头脑敏捷、精明老练的，强调思维能力很强，能圆滑地处理人际关系等。例如：Bobby is so smart that he will jump at this opportunity.
Clever：聪明的，机灵的：指学习和理解能力强的，强调机敏、能干。
例如：He was clever to arrive at the answer in half a minute.
Bright：通常指年轻人或小孩聪明机灵的，强调思维敏捷、反应迅速
例如：Some of my students are very bright.
Intelligent：指才智过人、善于作出正确判断的，强调思维清楚、理解力强。
例如：It's said that women are less intelligent than men.
Wise：指决定或行动是明智的；也指人因阅历丰富而有智慧及谋略，强调有判断力，能明辨是非。例如：It's wise for us to make such a decision.
（3）resource 可数名词“资源” ；“财力” natural resources ; human resource
例如： We don’t have the resources to set up a software company in short time.
Water is becoming an increasingly precious resource.
可数名词“用于一种可以实现目标的东西；资料” 例如：resource books for teachers
7. These new types of energy cost very little and will never run out.
run out “(被）用完，耗尽” 主语通常是“时间，食物，金钱”等名词（注意：无被动语态）
例如：Our food ran out soon.
run out of sth 主语是人，表示“某人用完了某物”=use up
例如：I have run out of money=My money has run out.=I have used up my money.
【拓展】run out还有”过期；失效”的含义 例如：His driving license has run out.
run out of”从.......跑出去’ 例如：The students ran out of the classroom.
【例题】The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never________.
A. come out B. put out C. carry out D. run out
Some people waste too much water.They don’t believe that it can_______some day.
A. keep out B. run out C. be run out D. run out of
【词义辨析】resource & energy & source & power
resource：强调的是有用的资源以外，还表示一种供应某种事物，可以依赖和需要的事物，例如：劳动力资源，人力资源，社会资源等；而source 是来源，从源头上就可以获取的。
例如：Libraries are filled with useful resources.（这里的资源除了书本知识，也许还有对人们有用的设施，环境等）
energy“（化学上）能源，能量，人的精力” energy resource”能源” 如：石油资源，煤炭资源； energy source 能源的出处，一般用source of energy表达。
Power “与电力有关的； 控制力，影响力等；权利”
8. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference.
make a difference (to sb/sth) “对某人／某物产生影响，起作用”，difference前面可以用much／great等修饰 ；make some difference/ no difference (to sb/sth) “对某人／某物有些影响／没有影响”
例如：The sudden heavy snow made a difference to the harvest.
His words make such difference to me.
【拓展】have an／some/no/little effect on sb/sth 对某人或某物产生一些／没有／很少影响
例如：The behaviors of the teacher have great effect on the students.
I am sure that it will have an effect on our natural environment
有关difference的词组：tell the difference区别差异; pay the difference 支付差额
difference in age/price 年龄差／价格差； same difference差不多一样

Grammar
【预学热身】
1.砍树 _______________________ 2.支持/支持者 _______________________
3.设计海报 _____________________4. 给…寄送小册子_______________________
5. 被展览 _______________________6. 扔进河湖里_______________________
7. 生物 _______________________8. 我们周围的世界_______________________
【知识要点】
1. As well as people，animals will be harmed by pollution.
as well与as well as只有一词之差，但意义和用法却相差甚远。
(1) as well的用法：
as well常用作状语，作“又；也”解，相当于too或also，常位于句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。
例如：I am going to London and my sister is going as well.
(2) as well as的用法
①as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，表示“也，还”。它强调的是前一项，后一项只是顺便提及。因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前一项一致；而用not only…but also…连接时，谓语动词与后一项一致。
例如：Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.
=Not only you but also your wife is friendly to me.
②as well as用来表示同级比较，指“一样好”。
例如：You look as well as you did ten years ago.
He plays the guitar as well as you.
【注意】(1)如果as well as是连接两个不定式，则其后用不带to的不定式。
例如：We cannot expect her to do the homework as well as look after the children.
(2)当as well as用于句首时，其后习惯上要接动名词。
例如：As well as walking, he likes fishing and shooting.
【例题】
( ) 1.They play all kinds of instruments and sing_______.
A. also B. either C. as well D. as well as
( ) 2.Tom, _______ Jane and Rose, _______ going to the farm on foot.
A. as long as; is B. as well as; are
C. as long as; are D. as well as; is
( ) 3. Not only her father but also her friends_______ singing.
A. like B. likes C. are like D. is like
( ) 4. His teacher as well as his classmates_______ Chinese.
A. is B. are C. like D. enjoy

2. 被动语态的考点&难点
(1) 感官动词和sell等动词用主动语态表被动。
例：Good medicine _______ bitter to the mouth.
A.tastes B. is tasted C. taste
This pen _______ well.
A.is sold B. sell C. sells
(2)：happen, take place, break out, break down, come true, come out, run out等动词不使用被动。
例：WWI ________ in 1914.
A. was broken out B. has broken out C. broke out D. has been broken out
(3)：主动形式 被动形式
see/hear sb. do sth. ---------be seen/heard to do sth.
see/hear sb. doing sth.---------be seen/heard doing sth.
make sb. do sth. --------- be made to do sth.
例：The man ________ clean the toilet because he _________ rubbish out when the police walked past the park.
A.was made; was seen to throw B. was made to; was seen throwing C. made; saw
(4)：固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词。
例：Children should _________.
A. take good care of B. be taken good care C. be taken good care of
(5)：need, allow 可以用-ing形式表示被动，need to be done=need doing，be allowed to do=allow doing。
例：Your desk ___________.
A. needs repair B. needs repairing C. needs to repair
【课堂练习】
一、单项选择。
1.—Where did you go last night?
—I ______ to go to Li Lei’s birthday party.
A. asked B. am asked C. have been asked D. was asked
2.If your homework_____, you can also play basketball.
A. will do B. will be done C. is done D. was done
3.English is used _____ a second language______ people in many countries.
A. as, for B. as, by C. by, for D. for, by
4.The package tour_______ everything. You don’t worry about it.
A. covers B. including C. have D. owns
5.The little children must _____ gently.
A. be spoken to B. be speak C. be spoken D. spoken
6. In China, the old________________.
A. is took good of B. are taken good of C. is taken good care of D. are taken good care of
7. Stamps ____________sending letters.
A. used to B. are used to C. are used for D. are using for
8. A talk on giant pandas__________ in the school hall last week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. was given
9. Many houses _________for the homeless people every year.
A. are building B. built C. have built D. are built
10. Today a lot of information can_______ online.
A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving
11. Shakespeare's play Hamlet _______ into at least ten different films over the past years.
A. has been made B. has made
C. had made D. was made
12. ---How cool the iPhone 6 is!
---In our shop it _______very well now．Get one before it_______out．
A．sells；sells B．sells；is sold C．is sold；is sold D．is sold；sells
13. ---I have a letter_______ but I'm too busy.
---Why not have your son_______ it for you?
A．to post; post B．posted; post C．to post; to post D．posted; to post
14. ---Mum，why don’t you have the robot_______housework for you?
---Oh，it caught a virus，I should have it_______ at once．
A．done；repair B．do；repaired C．done；repaired D．do；repair
二、翻译
1．众所周知纸是由木头制成的。

2．你知道这些书是否可以在网上订购吗？

3．关于阳光镇过去的视频将会被展示。

4．关于如何保护环境的方法将会进行讨论。

5．在河里丢垃圾可能导致水污染。

keys
1. Do you know whether these books can be ordered online?
2. It's well known that paper is made from wood.
3. Videos about the past of Sunshine Town will be displayed
4. Ways about how to protect the environment will be discussed.
5. Throwing rubbish into rivers may cause water pollution

Integrated Skills & Self-assessment
【预学热身】
1. 做调查 2. 纸的两面
3. 减少灰尘 4. 洗澡
5.有许多树在周围 6.对我们的健康有坏处
7.对我们的健康有坏处 8.保持土壤不流失
9.被挖空 10. 把.....分成.....
翻译：
1.今年会种更多的树吗？_______more trees_____________________________?
2.我们可以通过骑自行车来减少空气污染。We can__________________________________?
3.例如，不允许我们砍伐树木。_______________, we’re not_________________________.
4.这里将有一场环境展。There’s__________________ an environment show here.
【知识要点】
1. A survey on students’ daily habits.
survey 可数名词“调查”，常见搭配：do/make a survey 做一项调查; a survey on/about sth一项关于....的调查。
例如：Here is a survey on students’ activities.
The teacher asked us to make a survey on teenager problems.
2. Recycle empty bottles.
empty adj”空的”，反义词full；vt“把.....倒空”，反义词fill
例如：The bottle is empty because she just emptied it just now.
3. Air pollution is harmful to our health. 空气污染对我们的健康有害。
be harmful to意为“对……有害”，相当于do harm to。
例如：Staying up too late is harmful to your health.
=Staying up too late does harm to your health.
【例题】吃太多糖对身体有坏处。（两种）
_________________________________________;____________________________________.

4. As a result, it is very important for us to use them wisely.
as a result意为“结果；因此”。
例如：He didn't work hard. As a result, he failed in the exam.
【例题】我英语差。因此，我需要向老师请教。
I am weak in English. _______ _______ _______, I need to ask my teacher for help.

5. Coal, oil and natural gas are not only useful for families, but have a wider use for factories.
(1) not only…but (also)…在连接主语时，谓语和but (also)后面的主语保持一致，遵循“就近原则” 例如：Not only he but also I am a Party member.
(2) not only放在句首表示强调时，该句要采用倒装结构。
Not only can she sing, but she can dance as well.
【例题】
( ) Not only Li Lei but also I _______ good at music.
A. is B．are C. am D．Be
( ) Not only________ no food, but there was no water.
A. there is B. is there C. there was D. was there

6. They will be formed over thousands or even millions of years.
form vt”形成，构成”；“塑造” ; n”表格；形状，形态”
例如：Water forms ice when it freezes.
A great plan has formed in his mind.
There have been many improvements in the form of cars.
Students are filling in the form carefully.
【例题】在火星上食物将呈药片状。
Food will be________________________on Mars.

7. It’s time for us to take actions to protect our environment. We should try to produce less waste, reuse or recycle things if possible.
(1) take actions to do sth”采取措施做某事”
(2) if possible可以说成if it is possible，但不能说if is possible。
例如：Come to school earlier if possible.
【例题】同义句转换
Take your dictionary to school if possible.
Take your dictionary to school if_______ _______ _______.
8. Here are some simple steps to take.
（1）以Here，there，now，then等副词放在句首时，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用come，go，be，lie，run等。 例如：Now comes your turn.
【注意】主语如为人称代词，主谓不用倒装。例如：Here he comes.
【拓展】以up,down,out,in,away,off等副词开头的句子，往往用倒装，结构为：副词+不及物动词+主语（名词）
（2） step 名词“步骤，措施” 常见短语： step by step 一步一步地； take steps to”采取措施做某事”
【例题】(丽水中考）Being honest is the first______if you want to make friends with others.
A. step B time C. job D. hand
Away__________. A. the thief ran B. the thief runs C. ran the thief D. is running the thief
Here_______some sheep in the picture. A. is B. am C. are
The man didn’t move at all until the police came(改为倒装句)
Not until the police came________the man ___________.
9. Follow these small steps, and you can make a big difference to the Earth.
此句是并列句，句式结构①：祈使句+and+简单句“如果...........就..........”,可以转换为 if引导的条件状语从句。
例如：Go down the street, and you will find the post office.=If you go down the street, you will find the post office.
句式② 祈使句+or+简单句“.....否则......”也可以转换为 if引导的条件状语从句。
例如：Hurry up,or you will be late=If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.
【例题】-I want to travel to the Black Bear Island next weekend.
-Good idea!Make a plan first,________you will enjoy more beautiful scenery.
A. but B. and C. however
Jams, hurry up!_________we can’t arrive there on time.
A. Or B. So C. But D. And
【课堂练习】
选择题
1. A new road________near mt school next year.
A. builds B. will build C. is built D. will be built
2. I will go to the party if Marry _________.
A. will invite B. will be invited C. is invited D. invites
3. From May 6, pedestrians(行人）_________10 yuan if they run red lights,according to Beijing traffic authorities.
A. will fine B. were fined C. are fine D. will be fined
4. Our plan to clean the park_________tomorrow.
A. discusses B. will discuss C. will be discussed D. will discuss
5. Lunar Probe(月亮探测器)Change5_______into space this year. It will land on the moon and return with lunar samples(样品).
A. sends B. will be sent C. will send D. was held
6. -Mum, can i pick strawberries with my classmates on Sanping Farm this weekend?
-Sure. If your homework__________.
A. is finished B. finishes C. will be finished D. will finish
7. -To achieve a bright future, we should______ study hard _____keep in good health.
A. not; but B. not only; but also C. neither; nor D. either; or
8. ________get up early, he went to bed early last night.
A. In order to B. In order that C. So that D. As a result
9. ____Mrs Zhou________Mr Li is humorous. They are popular among us.
A. Both; and B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
10. We’ve got no coffee.Let’s have tea__________.
A. either B. however C. yet D . instead
翻译句子
1. 运动会将在哪里举行？
Where__________ the sports meeting_________________________?
2. 那座山将会被树木覆盖。
The mountain_____________________________________by trees.
3. 今晚两部电影将会上演。
Two films__________________________________tonight.
4. 还有谁被邀请参加聚会？
Who___________________________ to the party?
5. 更多的人将会受到伤害吗
___________________more people______________________?
6. 当你收拾房间时，要把东西放在合适的位置。
When you ___________________, put things____________________________.
7. 噪音污染对我们有害
________________________ harm_____________us.
8. 在我看来，似乎如今的孩子们更加依赖他们的父母来.
It_____________ that kids today________________________ their parents.
9. 如今，微信在我们日常生活中 被广泛使用。
_____________, Wechat is___________________ in our daily life.
10. 这部电影将于下周五上映
The film____________________________ next Friday.