习题精选15 短文填空
（建议用时：90分钟 满分：100分）
一．（2019天津市中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa. faced a very big challenge(挑战).They didn’t have a school for their kids.
Then the village elder thought of an i_____1_____. He said that there was an old, abandoned (废弃的)farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it. All the villagers were p____2____with his suggestion and started the project immediately
The parents repaired the broken walls. Some villagers d___3____the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. The others helped make desks and chairs for the students. Still, there was much more work to do. But the rains were coming. They had to s_____4_____working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant.
So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by t____5____.They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened. They didn’t want to delay(耽搁) their studies. Everv day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木).
The news about the porject s____6 ____and many people knew it. Two teachcrs who worked for the country’s Department of Education arrived to help out. and two foreign visitors were also touched (感动) by the children’s a___7__.They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery.
After 10 days of hard work, the new school was r___8___.The kids were very happy but a bit worried—they were behind in their studies.
Besides(除…之外)this, they also faced many d___9___.There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students. And two or three students had to share one book.
However, the children are happy to study in school—e___10____in their new school which they helped to build. Though their school might not be modern, their dream of having a school near their homes has come true.
二．(2019年浙江省宁波市中考真题)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的词。或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
An old man went to India. When he got there, he saw some fruit for sale, but most of it was very cheap. The _____ 1_____(cheap) thing was a basket of red fruit.
"How much per kilo?" the old man _____ 2_____( ask).
"Two rupees (卢比) ," the shopkeeper answered. Two rupees in India is almost nothing, ___ 3___
the old man bought a whole kilogram and started eating it.
However, as soon as he started eating, his mouth began ____ 4____ (burn), his eyes began to water, and his whole face became as red ____ 5____ the fruit. As he coughed and struggled to breathe, he jumped up and ____ 6____, screaming: “Ah! Ah! Ah!”
And yet he continued to eat the fruit. Some people who were looking at him shook their_____ 7_____ (head) and said, "You are crazy? Those are chili peppers (辣椒) ! You can't just eat them by the handful!”
The old man said to ____ 8____ (he), "I paid for them, so I must eat them."
This old man seemed pretty stupid. But are we so much smarter? All of us have _____ 9_____ (spend) money and time on something一maybe a relationship, or a business, or a job一and sometimes, even if we know there's no hope that things will change, we still continue with it.
What we can learn _______10_______ the old man is this: if you've lost a lot over something that doesn’t work, let it go and move on. It's better than continuing to lose.
三．（2019年福建省中考真题）短文填词 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给的单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，要求所填的单词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo,___1___ [s?lk], animal hide, and wooden blocks. Writing materials were___ 2___(real) expensive and few people learned to read. Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks__ 3___an man named Cai Lun.
Paper had already existed (存在) in China , but the process for__ 4___(produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting ( 试 验 ) with many different materials and different__5___(method) to turn those materials into paper. In the year 105, he made it from tree bark, bamboo, cloth rags, and fishing nets. His paper was___ 6___(strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before.
With Cai Lun’s papermaking method, Chinese culture__ 7___[ɡru?] more rapidly over the next several centuries. That’s because ideas were much easier to share___ 8___more people learned to read. The use of paper spread abroad, helping___ 9___['???] cultures record and spread their ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. But___10___whole world should remember the clever Chinese papermaker forever.
四．（2019年河南省中考真题）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。 每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。
The summer holiday was coming but Zach was a little sad. He would have to move_1___ the holiday, leaving his friends and his tree house. The tree house was Zach’s favorite place to go to when he wanted to be alone. He also liked ___2___ his friends there. They would play for ___3___ .
Zach told his mom, “I don’t want to move. I’m going to miss my friends. I’m also going to miss my tree house. I want to take it with me.” “Zach，but we have to___4___ your father’s changed his job. He is already ___5 __ waiting for us. You will have a much __6___ bedroom, and you will meet new friends at your new school,” __7___his mom. Zach wasn’t so sure.
When Zach and his mom arrived, Dad took Zach to the backyard. There, Zach saw a big tree house. “Wow!” Zach shouted. “This is great!” All of a sudden, Zach heard a ___8___ voice. “Are you moving in? My name is Joey and I live next ___9__ Can I have a look at your tree house?”
“I think I’m going to ___10__ it here after all!” Zach told his mom and dad that night.
五．（2019年广东省深圳市中考真题）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构和上下午连贯要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空．
Jason and Andy are twins． They share a lot of things， including room， food and toys．
One Saturday， Jason and Andy went out ___1___（play） with a toy car． Both of them wanted to be the owner of the car， so they shouted at each other．___2___（They） mother heard the boys arguing． She came out and told them to take turns to play with the toy car， but the twins wouldn't．
A few days later， Mother brought ___3___pet home． "Can't we each have our own pet dog？" asked the boys． They were ___4___（tire） of sharing everything．
"No! The dog must ___5 ___（share）．" Mother said． "You will have to feed the dog and make sure it does not get into anything wrong．"
Several days later， the dog got into mother's room __6___（secret） and made a mess there． Jason saw the dog playing with mother's clothes． He quickly went to find Andy and told him ___7___the dog had done．
"Oh， no! It's our duty to clean up the mess!" ___8___（cry） Andy． They boys picked up the clothes and put them away rapidly．
"Just think， Jason，" said Andy， "what a big mess two ___9___（dog） would have made!" "I agree ___10___ you，" laughed Jason， "Maybe sharing isn't so bad!"
六．（2019年山东省济南市中考真题）阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
A young couple decided to go c_____ 1_____ in the mountains to celebrate their first year of marriage（结婚）. They took with them the t_____ 2_____ they would need — warm clothes, food and a tent.
They went up to the mountains and f_____3_____ a fine place to set up their rent. Then they decided to go for a hike（徒步旅行）to see more of the mountains.
A_____54_____ a long hike, they went back to their camp, built a fire and cooked d_ 5____. Finally, it was time to go to sleep.
Sometimes in the middle of the n___ 6____, the wife woke up her husband and said:”Look up at the sky. What do you see? ”
Her husband answered,”I see m_____ 7_____ of stars in the sky. ”
His wife said:”That’s right. W______ 8______ does the mean to you? ”
The husband said:”Well, if there are so many stars out there , that means there might a_____ 9_____ be a planet just like ours. And if that’s true, then there could be life on one of those planets. That’s kind of e______10______!”
His wife said:”You are wrong. It means that someone has stolen our tent! ”
七．短文填空（2019年江苏省镇江市中考真题） 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词, 使短文意思完整, 每空一词。
As I entered an international high school, all my friends felt surprised at my short hair. This is because, my old school thinks teenage y___1___ aren’t the time for looking pretty. Then I coloured my hair blue. For the first time, I felt free and beautiful. This international school s___2___ to meet my needs.
I had a t___3___ education background. I went to public schools, received normal (常规的) education and was required to follow r___4__ like every other student. Later, I began to wonder w___5__ this education was truly suitable for me.
However, in the new school my high hopes were not met. For a while, I found myself in a surprising situation as I faced before. It was s___6___ the biggest challenge I faced in my education-the freedom to try new things. In the old system, I was strongly advised a___7___ trying new things. But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things. But if I f___8___, I must be responsible (负责任的) because I put myself in such risk. Finally, it led me to get into trouble again.
As time went by, I started to find my o___9___ balance. In fact, none of the education systems in the world are perfect. I am l___10___ enough to have a chance to bring great value from both systems together. As a result, I've built a system for myself.
八．（2019年四川省广安市中考真题）根据短文内容用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空,每空一词,每词一次,并将答案写在答题卡上相应的位置。
wrong air too in what away fly at without shine
If you are asked the question “What colour is the sky?” I believe you will answer blue.But I am afraid you are___1___ . The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are looking ___2___ the blue sunlight. The sunlight ___ 3___ on the little bits of dust(灰尘) in the air.
Is the sky full of ___ 4___? I am sure that you are asked this question,___ 5___. We know that there is air all around the world. We could not live___ 6___ air. Planes could not __ 7___ if there is not any air. If we go far enough ___ 8___ from the earth, then we will find there is no air. Perhaps we can answer some of our questions now.__ 9___ is the sky? The sky is space. It is all around the world. There is nothing but the sun, the moon and the stars ___10___space.
九.短文填空(2019年江苏南通中考真题)(共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分）
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式,使短文通顺。
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. A short video about seven people wearing prosthetic devices(人造装置) who t__ 1__ on a desert race challenge has become popular.
The seven disabled people j___ 2___in the 108-kilometer desert race from May 11 to 14 in Dunhuang, Northwest China’s Gansu Province. Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)，and o___ 3___had two legs amputated.
Cheng Baojun, a man from Luohe, Central China’s Henan Province, the double amputee, said he never i___4___ he could take part in the desert race. “It is great, I can do it, and you can also. ” “It is easy to say, but walking it is h___ 5___. ” Cheng said. On the first day, they finished a complete section of 27 kilometers of the race, and on the second day, they finished 20 kilometers.
“My legs were painful while I was walking. We also met with a very big sandstorm on the way. But s ____6____ it was a challenge, we could not give up. We all encouraged each other to continue. ” he said. After getting t___ 7___, they rested on the third day and walked on the fourth.
Lao Tongyi walked the longest of the group, a distance of more than 70 kilometers. Team leader SunNaicheng said that they had to p__ 8___ through depulation (人烟稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert. He also added that team members challenged themselves and realized their d ___ 9___.
They are good e __10___for everyone to learn from. It’s up to you how far you go. If you don’t try, you will never know.
十．短文填空（2019年江苏省南京市中考真题）（共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分） 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Chinese writing is one of the world's greatest writing systems． It is more w（ 1） in use than alphabetic（字母的） writing systems． More than half of the world's books are written in Chinese， including historical writings and novels， along with writings on government and law．
At the beginning， written Chinese was a picture﹣based 1 （ 2） ． It dates back several thousand years to the u（ 3） of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved （刻） by ancient Chinese people．Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in t （ 4） hanzi．
By the Shang Dynasty， these symbols had become a well﹣developed writing system， Over the years， the system developed into different forms， as it was a time when people were d（ 5）
geographically， leading to different dialects（ 方言） and characters． This， however， c（ 6） under Emperor Qishihuang of the Qin Dynasty．
Emperor Qinshihuang united（统一）the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction． That writing system was of great i（ 7） in
uniting the Chinese people and culture． Even today， no matter where Chinese people live or what
dialect they speak， they can all still c（ 8） in writing． Written Chinese has also become an
important method to c （ 9） China's present with its past． People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times．
Today， Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture， As China plays a
g（10） role in the world， an increasing number of international students are beginning to
appreciate（ 欣赏） China's culture through this amazing language． Written Chinese spreads Chinese
culture wherever it goes．
习题精选15 短文填空
（建议用时：90分钟 满分：100分）
一．（2019天津市中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
The villagers in Mhangeni, Africa. faced a very big challenge(挑战).They didn’t have a school for their kids.
Then the village elder thought of an i_____1_____. He said that there was an old, abandoned (废弃的)farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it. All the villagers were p____2____with his suggestion and started the project immediately
The parents repaired the broken walls. Some villagers d___3____the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. The others helped make desks and chairs for the students. Still, there was much more work to do. But the rains were coming. They had to s_____4_____working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant.
So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by t____5____.They had to hurry as summer had ended and other schools had already opened. They didn’t want to delay(耽搁) their studies. Everv day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes(灌木).
The news about the porject s____6 ____and many people knew it. Two teachcrs who worked for the country’s Department of Education arrived to help out. and two foreign visitors were also touched (感动) by the children’s a___7__.They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery.
After 10 days of hard work, the new school was r___8___.The kids were very happy but a bit worried—they were behind in their studies.
Besides(除…之外)this, they also faced many d___9___.There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students. And two or three students had to share one book.
However, the children are happy to study in school—e___10____in their new school which they helped to build. Though their school might not be modern, their dream of having a school near their homes has come true.
【答案】1. idea
2. pleased
3. divided
4. stop 5. themselves
6. spread 7. actions
8. ready 9. difficulties
10. especially
【解析】
【分析】
本文介绍了生活在非洲的mhangeni的村民。他们面临着一个巨大的挑战，他们没有为孩子们提供学校。村长说可以把一座废弃的旧农舍用作教室。所有村民都很满意，立即开始了这项工程。由于雨季的到来，村民们不得不停下来去种植。孩子们决定自己接着修建教室。这个消息不胫而走。两位教师前来帮助。两位外国游客也被孩子们的行为所感动。经过10天的努力，新学校已经准备好了。但是他们还面临许多困难：没有足够的教室容纳所有的学生。两到三个学生不得不共用一本书。虽然这样，但是孩子们还是很高兴的，因为他们在自己修建的学校里读书。
1题详解】
句意：这时村长想到了一个主意。根据He said that there was an old, abandoned (废弃的)farmhouse. It could be changed into classrooms after cleaning and furnishing(装设备)it. 他说有一座废弃的旧农舍。它可以在打扫清洁和装饰后用作教室。可知，这是村长所想到的一个主意，再结合首字母提示可知，填：idea。因为前面有不定冠词an，因此idea用单数。故答案为idea。
【2题详解】
句意：所有村民都对他的建议很满意，立即开始了这项工程。根据started the project immediately. 立即开始了这项工程。说明村民们对于村长的提议很满意，再结合首字母提示可知，填：pleased。be pleased with：对……感到满意。所以答案为：pleased。
【3题详解】
句意：一些村民用木头把房子分成三个教室。根据Some villagers d____3____the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. 一些村民用木头把房子_______ 三个教室。可知，应该是把房子分成三个教室，再结合首字母提示可知，填：divide。本文叙述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided。所以答案为：divided。
【4题详解】
句意：他们不得不停止为学校工作，因为现在是他们种植的最佳时机。根据But the rains were coming. 和as it was now the best time for them to plant.可知，由于雨季的到来，这是人们种植的最好时节，因此应该是停止建学校。再结合首字母提示可知，填：stop。had to是情态动词，后跟动词原形。故答案为stop。
【5题详解】
句意：于是，mhangeni的孩子们决定自己建成这座房子。do sth. by oneself，oneself用在动词后面，可以强调主语，表示“某人自己”，和by oneself是一个意思，即表示“靠某人自己”的意思。因此本题应该填反身代词，再结合首字母提示和主语the children of Mhangeni可知，填：they 的反身代词themselves。故答案为themselves。
【6题详解】
句意：关于这个项目的消息传开了，很多人都知道。根据many people knew it. 很多人都知道。可知，这个消息是传开了的。再结合首字母提示可知，填：spread。由and后面的句子and many people knew it.可知，该句话的时态为一般过去时，因此and 前面的句子也要用一般过去时。spread的过去式为spread。所以答案为：spread。
【7题详解】
句意：两位在该国教育部工作的教师前来帮助。两位外国游客也被孩子们的行为所感动。根据The news about the project s____6____and many people knew it. 关于这个项目的消息传开了，很多人都知道。以及two foreign visitors were also touched (感动) by the children’s a___7___.两位外国游客也被孩子们的_______ 所感动。可知，应该是孩子们的行为感动了他们。再结合首字母提示可知，填：action。又因为该空前面的the children’s是复数的名词所有格，因此后面的名词应该用复数。故答案为actions。
【8题详解】
句意：经过10天的努力，新学校已经准备好了。根据After 10 days of hard work, 经过10天的努力。可知，新学校应该是准备好了。再结合首字母提示可知，填：ready。be ready：准备就绪。所以答案为：ready。
【9题详解】
句意：除此之外，他们还面临许多困难。根据There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students. And two or three students had to share one book. 没有足够的教室容纳所有的学生。两到三个学生不得不共用一本书。可知，这些都是他们所面临的困难。再结合首字母提示可知，填：difficulty。many后面跟可数名词的复数，difficulty的复数为difficulties。所以答案为：difficulties。
【10题详解】
句意：然而，孩子们很乐意在学校学习，尤其是在他们帮助建立的新学校里。由语境和首字母提示可知，填：especially。especially表示陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子，作进一步强调，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。本题就是为了进一步强调，强调孩子们很乐意在学校里学习。因此填：especially。
【点睛】英语首字母填空技巧
1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解来源：
与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。
2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。
3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理
再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。例如：第3小题，句意：一些村民用木头把房子分成三个教室。根据Some villagers d____3____the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. 一些村民用木头把房子_______ 三个教室。可知，应该是把房子分成三个教室，再结合首字母提示可知，填：divide。本文叙述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided。所以答案为：divided。
4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：
做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。
二．(2019年浙江省宁波市中考真题)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的词。或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
An old man went to India. When he got there, he saw some fruit for sale, but most of it was very cheap. The _____ 1_____(cheap) thing was a basket of red fruit.
"How much per kilo?" the old man _____ 2_____( ask).
"Two rupees (卢比) ," the shopkeeper answered. Two rupees in India is almost nothing, ___ 3___
the old man bought a whole kilogram and started eating it.
However, as soon as he started eating, his mouth began ____ 4____ (burn), his eyes began to water, and his whole face became as red ____ 5____ the fruit. As he coughed and struggled to breathe, he jumped up and ____ 6____, screaming: “Ah! Ah! Ah!”
And yet he continued to eat the fruit. Some people who were looking at him shook their_____ 7_____ (head) and said, "You are crazy? Those are chili peppers (辣椒) ! You can't just eat them by the handful!”
The old man said to ____ 8____ (he), "I paid for them, so I must eat them."
This old man seemed pretty stupid. But are we so much smarter? All of us have _____ 9_____ (spend) money and time on something一maybe a relationship, or a business, or a job一and sometimes, even if we know there's no hope that things will change, we still continue with it.
What we can learn _______10_______ the old man is this: if you've lost a lot over something that doesn’t work, let it go and move on. It's better than continuing to lose.
【答案】 1. cheapest
2. asked 3. so
4. to burn/ burning
5. as 6. dawn
7. heads 8. himself
9. spent 10. from
【分析】
一个老人去了印度，买了一些红色的水果。当他吃了这种“水果”之后，他的嘴唇发烫，眼泪直流，脸也变得很红，原来他买的是辣椒。当人们都劝他不要再吃的时候，他不听，他觉得自己花钱买的，就要吃掉。通过讲述这个故事作者告诉我们：如果你在一些不成功的事情上失去了很多，那就让它过去，继续前进，总比继续输更好。
【 1题详解】
句意：最便宜的东西是一篮子红色的水果。
cheap便宜的，是一个形容词。根据上句话When he got there, he saw some fruit for sale, but most of it was very cheap.可知，大多数水果都很便宜，这句话说的是其中最便宜的，故这里应填最高级cheapest。
【 2题详解】
句意：这个老人问：“多少钱一公斤？”
ask问，是一个动词。根据文意可知，短文讲述的是发生在过去的一个故事，全文以一般过去时为主叙述，故这里应填过去式asked。
【 3题详解】
句意：两卢比在印度几乎一文不值，因此这个老人买了整整一公斤，开始吃起来。
根据两句话的意思可知，前一句话表示原因，后面这句话是结果，故这里填连词so，意为“因此，所以”。
【 4题详解】
句意：然而，他一开始吃，他的嘴就开始发烫，他的眼睛也流出了眼泪，他的脸也变得像那个水果一样红。
burn燃烧，发热，是一个动词。空began的原形是begin，意为“开始”，常用于句型begin to do sth.或者begin doing sth.“开始做某事”，因此这里应填to burn或者burning。
【 5题详解】
句意：然而，他一开始吃，他的嘴就开始发烫，他的眼睛也流出了眼泪，他的脸也变得像那个水果一样红。
根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语as…as…“和…一样”，故这里填as。
【 6题详解】
句意：他咳嗽着，挣扎着呼吸，上下跳跃，尖叫这：“啊，啊，啊！”
up and down上上下下，是一个固定短语，故这里应填down。
【 7题详解】
句意：看到他一些人都摇着头说：“你疯了吗？”
head头，是一个名词。根据句意Some people who were looking at him shook可知，这里指的是“一些人的头”，应该用复数，故填heads。
【 8题详解】
句意：这个老人自言自语说：“我花钱买的，所以我必须吃掉他们。”
he是人称代词主格形式，意为“他”。根据句意可知，老人对自己说…，故这里应填反身代词himself。
【 9题详解】
句意：我们所有人都在某事上花费时间或金钱，或许是一段关系、一个事业或者是一份工作。
spend花费，是一个动词。这一段是讲完了故事，给我们总结其中的哲理，应用现在时态。空前有have，结合句意可知应用现在完成时，故这里填过去分词spent。
【10题详解】
句意：从这个老人身上我们学到的东西是：如果你在一些不成功的事情上失去了很多，那就让它过去，继续前进，总比继续输更好。
根据句意可知，这里考查的是固定短语learn from…从…中学到。故应填from。
【点睛】这是一篇记叙文，通过讲述一个愚蠢的老人的故事，作者讲述一个道理。题型是语法填空，要求根据文意填写适当的单词，或者用所给单词的适当形式填空。做题时，应先通读短文，了解文章大意；然后根据上下文语境填写适当单词。给出单词的，应根据单词在句中的作用以及句中使用的句型，变化单词的适当形式。例如第5小题，根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语as…as…“和…一样”，表示同级比较，故这里填as。再如第7小题，head头，是一个名词。根据句意Some people who were looking at him shook可知，这里指的是“一些人的头”，应该用复数，故填heads。
三．（2019年福建省中考真题）短文填词 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给的单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，要求所填的单词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo,___1___ [s?lk], animal hide, and wooden blocks. Writing materials were___ 2___(real) expensive and few people learned to read. Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks__ 3___an man named Cai Lun.
Paper had already existed (存在) in China , but the process for__ 4___(produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting ( 试 验 ) with many different materials and different__5___(method) to turn those materials into paper. In the year 105, he made it from tree bark, bamboo, cloth rags, and fishing nets. His paper was___ 6___(strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before.
With Cai Lun’s papermaking method, Chinese culture__ 7___[ɡru?] more rapidly over the next several centuries. That’s because ideas were much easier to share___ 8___more people learned to read. The use of paper spread abroad, helping___ 9___['???] cultures record and spread their ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. But___10___whole world should remember the clever Chinese papermaker forever.
【答案】1. silk
2. really 3. to
4. producing
5. methods
6. stronger
7. grew 8. and
9. other 10. the
【解析】
本篇文章难度适中，看主要讲述蔡伦改良造纸术的过程以及中国的造纸术的影响。
【 1题详解】
句意“在纸被发明之前，人们在竹子、丝绸、兽皮或者木块等材料上写字或画画”。根据音标可知，译为“丝绸”。silk丝绸，故填silk。
【 2题详解】
句意“书写材料是真地贵，几乎没有人能学读书”。空处修饰形容词expensive，用副词，really真地，故填really。
【 3题详解】
句意“多亏了一个叫蔡伦的人，一切都改变了”。根据句意可知，译为“多亏”。thanks to多亏，故填to。
【 4题详解】
句意“在中国，纸已经出现了，但是生产纸的过程是困难的，而且纸的质量不高”。根据空前介词for可知，空处用动词doing形式，故填producing。
【 5题详解】
句意“蔡伦用不同的材料和不同的方法来试验将这些材料变成纸”。method材料，且根据空前different可知，用复数，故填methods。
【 6题详解】
句意“他的纸比以前所造的纸都牢固和便宜”。根据than以及空后的and cheaper可知，空处用形容词的比较级，故填stronger。
【 7题详解】
句意“拥有蔡伦的造纸术，在接下来的几个世纪，中国文化快速发展”。根据音标可知，译为“成长，发展”，且根据句意可知，用一般过去时，故填grew。
【 8题详解】
句意“那是因为想法更加容易分享且许多人学会了阅读”。根据句意可知，That’s because ideas were much easier to share和more people learned to read表示两个原因，并列关系，故填and。
【 9题详解】
句意“纸的使用也传播到国外，帮助其他的文化记录和传播他们的观点”。根据音标可知，译为“其他的”。other其他的，后接可数名词复数，故填other。
【10题详解】
句意“但是整个世界都应该永远记住这个聪明的中国造纸者”。根据句意可知，译为“整个世界”。the whole world整个世界，故填the。
四．（2019年河南省中考真题）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。 每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。
The summer holiday was coming but Zach was a little sad. He would have to move_1___ the holiday, leaving his friends and his tree house. The tree house was Zach’s favorite place to go to when he wanted to be alone. He also liked ___2___ his friends there. They would play for ___3___ .
Zach told his mom, “I don’t want to move. I’m going to miss my friends. I’m also going to miss my tree house. I want to take it with me.” “Zach，but we have to___4___ your father’s changed his job. He is already ___5 __ waiting for us. You will have a much __6___ bedroom, and you will meet new friends at your new school,” __7___his mom. Zach wasn’t so sure.
When Zach and his mom arrived, Dad took Zach to the backyard. There, Zach saw a big tree house. “Wow!” Zach shouted. “This is great!” All of a sudden, Zach heard a ___8___ voice. “Are you moving in? My name is Joey and I live next ___9__ Can I have a look at your tree house?”
“I think I’m going to ___10__ it here after all!” Zach told his mom and dad that night.
【答案】1. during
2. taking 3. hours
4. because
5 . there 6. bigger
7. promised
8. boy’s 9. door
10. like
【解析】
【分析】
该阅读材料是一篇记叙文，本文向同学们介绍了一名小学生Zach因暑假搬迁而引出的故事。
【1题详解】
句意：假期中他不得不搬家，离开他的朋友和他的树屋。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：during。在……期间：during。during the holiday：假期中。所以答案为：during。
【2题详解】
句意：他也喜欢带朋友去那里。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：take。根据题目要求，每空限填一词。故like后只能用动词的-ing形式。又根据语境：他也喜欢带朋友来这里。故答案为：taking。
【3题详解】
句意：他们会玩几个小时。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：hour。for后接时间段。因此hour要用复数形式。故答案为：hours。
【4题详解】
句意：Zach，但我们不得不搬迁，因为你父亲换了工作。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：because。结合语境：但是我们不得不搬迁_____ 你的父亲换了工作。空缺处前后两句属因果关系，故用because。
【5 题详解】
句意：他已经在那儿等我们了。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：there。此处应填表示地点的词。语境：他已经在那里等着我们了。所以答案为：there。
【6题详解】
句意：你会有一个很大的卧室，你会在新学校结识新朋友。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：big。much后接形容词的比较级，故用big的比较级bigger，“一个更大的房间”。故答案为：bigger。
【7题详解】
句意：妈妈许诺说。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：promise。根据上文可知，Zach的母亲许诺了许多事情，且事情发生在过去，故用promise的过去式promised。所以答案为：promised。
【8题详解】
句意：突然，Zach听到一个男孩的声音。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：boy。voice是名词，因此前面的名词应该用名词所有格形式，而且由冠词a可知，该名词所有格应该为单数。故答案为：boy’s。
【9题详解】
句意：我叫乔伊，住在隔壁。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：door。固定搭配next door意为“隔壁”。所以填：door。
【10题详解】
句意：我想我终究会喜欢上这里的。由语境和所给的单词意思可知，选择：like。语境是：我想我终究会喜欢上这里的。故用like符合题意。be going to后跟动词原形。故答案为：like。
【点睛】选词填空题是初中英语的一个重要题型，它集词的用法与搭配、词语辨析、语法、单句理解等考查于一体，既考查了考生的语言知识水平，又检测了考生的分析判断能力和综合运用语言知识的实践能力。
1. 在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性做简单的标记，例如：名词、动词、形容词、副词等等，同时对词义作初步的理解。
2. 仔细阅读句子，充分理解句子的意思，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。
3. 在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。当你选定一个名词时，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词；在遇到动词时，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式-to do，现在分词-doing，过去分词-done，固定搭配enjoy doing sth./ used to do sth./ have sth. done…)；形容词和副词填空时要主动去判定是否需要变成比较级或高级，还有它们之间的相互转换以及形容词变名词也需考虑，例如：more interesting/the most interesting，happy-happily/happiness；填入代词时，需注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；数词方面要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数的用法。
五．（2019年广东省深圳市中考真题）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构和上下午连贯要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空．
Jason and Andy are twins． They share a lot of things， including room， food and toys．
One Saturday， Jason and Andy went out ___1___（play） with a toy car． Both of them wanted to be the owner of the car， so they shouted at each other．___2___（They） mother heard the boys arguing． She came out and told them to take turns to play with the toy car， but the twins wouldn't．
A few days later， Mother brought ___3___pet home． "Can't we each have our own pet dog？" asked the boys． They were ___4___（tire） of sharing everything．
"No! The dog must ___5 ___（share）．" Mother said． "You will have to feed the dog and make sure it does not get into anything wrong．"
Several days later， the dog got into mother's room __6___（secret） and made a mess there． Jason saw the dog playing with mother's clothes． He quickly went to find Andy and told him ___7___the dog had done．
"Oh， no! It's our duty to clean up the mess!" ___8___（cry） Andy． They boys picked up the clothes and put them away rapidly．
"Just think， Jason，" said Andy， "what a big mess two ___9___（dog） would have made!" "I agree ___10___ you，" laughed Jason， "Maybe sharing isn't so bad!"
【答案】1. to play
2. Their 3. a
4. tired 5. be shared
6. secretly
7. what 8. cried
9. dogs 10. with
【解析】
本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述詹森和安迪是双胞胎，但是他俩不想分享东西。一次，妈妈买了一只小狗，他们希望妈妈再买一只，但是妈妈拒绝了他们。有一次，这只小狗进入妈妈的房间，将房间弄得乱七八糟，最后他俩将房间打扫干净，然后他们设想如果两只狗的话，情况会更加糟糕，所以他俩一致同意，分享不是如此地坏。
【1题详解】
句意：一个星期六，杰森和安迪出去玩玩具车。
根据句式可知，空处用非谓语。他们出去的目的是为了玩玩具车，不定式作目的状语，推断此处填不定式to play形式，故答案为 to play。
【2题详解】
句意：他们的母亲听到孩子们争吵。
根据空后mother以及句意可知，译为“他们的妈妈”，用形容词性物主代词，their“他们的”，且空位于句首，故答案为 Their。
【3题详解】
句意：几天后，母亲带了一只宠物回家。
根据空后pet以及句意可知，译为“带一只宠物狗回家”。用不定冠词，且pet为辅音音素开头，用a，意为"一只"，故答案为 a。
【4题详解】
句意：他们厌倦了分享一切。
根据空前were可知，空处用形容词。be tired of“厌倦”，故答案为 tired。
【5题详解】
句意：不！狗必须被分享。
主语the dog与谓语share之间为被动be done，且根据空前must可知，be动词用原形，故答案为 be shared。
【6题详解】
句意：几天后，那只狗偷偷地进了母亲的房间，把那里弄得一团糟。
根据句意可知，空处修饰got into，此处填副词形式secretly，意为"秘密地"，故答案为 secretly。
【7题详解】
句意：他快速去找安迪，告诉他狗所做的事情。
根据空前told him可知，空处引导宾语从句。从句中缺少主语，表示物，用what，故答案为 what。
【8题详解】
句意：安迪哭着说：“哦，不！我们有责任清理这堆烂摊子”。
根据句式可知，空处作谓语，由下文picked可知，用一般过去时。故答案为 cried。
【9题详解】
句意：两条狗会弄得多糟啊。
由空前的数词two可知，空处填复数形式，故答案为 dogs。
【10题详解】
句意：我同意你的看法。
根据Maybe sharing isn't so bad!“也许分享不是如此地坏”可知，詹森同意安迪的观点。考虑用介词with，构成短语agree with sb"赞成某人"，故答案为 with。
六．（2019年山东省济南市中考真题）阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
A young couple decided to go c_____ 1_____ in the mountains to celebrate their first year of marriage（结婚）. They took with them the t_____ 2_____ they would need — warm clothes, food and a tent.
They went up to the mountains and f_____3_____ a fine place to set up their rent. Then they decided to go for a hike（徒步旅行）to see more of the mountains.
A_____54_____ a long hike, they went back to their camp, built a fire and cooked d_ 5____. Finally, it was time to go to sleep.
Sometimes in the middle of the n___ 6____, the wife woke up her husband and said:”Look up at the sky. What do you see? ”
Her husband answered,”I see m_____ 7_____ of stars in the sky. ”
His wife said:”That’s right. W______ 8______ does the mean to you? ”
The husband said:”Well, if there are so many stars out there , that means there might a_____ 9_____ be a planet just like ours. And if that’s true, then there could be life on one of those planets. That’s kind of e______10______!”
His wife said:”You are wrong. It means that someone has stolen our tent! ”
【答案】 1. camping
2. things 3. found
4. After 5. dinner
6. night 7. millions
8. What 9. also
10. exciting
【解析】
【分析】
本文介绍了一对夫妇为了庆祝结婚一周年，去山上露营的事情。他们准备了必需品后就到了山上。在山上找了一个好地方搭起了帐篷。然后他们决定去远足去看更多的山色。经过长时间的徒步旅行之后，他们回到营地，生火做饭。然后休息。到了半夜的时候，帐篷被人偷走了。
【 1题详解】
句意：一对年轻夫妇决定去山上露营庆祝他们结婚一周年。
由语境和首字母提示，可知填：camp；本题考查：go +V.-ing；这里camping是现在分词，做目的状语。go camping=go to camp (camp这里是动词表示“野营”)即：“去的目的是野营”。故答案为：camping。
【 2题详解】
句意：他们带上了他们需要的东西——温暖的衣服、食物和帐篷。
由语境和首字母提示，可知填：thing；根据they would need — warm clothes, food and a tent. 他们需要的东西——温暖的衣服、食物和帐篷。这是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词thing，而且再由They took with them，可知，他们带的东西很多，因此先行词thing应该用复数things。故答案为：things。
【 3题详解】
句意：他们在山上找了一个好地方来搭帐篷。
由语境和首字母提示，可知填：find；分析句子They went up to the mountains and f_____3_____ a fine place to set up their rent.的结构可知，and连接并列句，前后的时态应该一致，因此本题应该填find 的过去式found。故答案为：found。
【 4题详解】
句意：经过长时间的徒步旅行之后，他们回到营地，生火做饭。
由语境和首字母提示，可知填：after；根据上文的句子Then they decided to go for a hike（徒步旅行）to see more of the mountains. 然后他们决定去远足去看更多的山色。再结合下文they went back to their camp, built a fire and cooked, 他们回到营地，生火做饭。应该是在徒步旅行之后，回来做饭。因此应该填after，首字母要大写。故答案为：After。
【 5题详解】
句意：经过长时间的徒步旅行之后，他们回到营地，生火做饭。
由语境和首字母提示，可知填：dinner；根据Finally, it was time to go to sleep. 最后，该睡觉了。可以推知，他们回来是做的晚饭，故答案为：dinner。
【 6题详解】
句意：到了半夜的时候，妻子叫醒丈夫说：“抬头看天空。你看到什么了？”
由语境和首字母提示，可知填：night；根据Finally, it was time to go to sleep. 最后，该睡觉了。接下来应该是晚上发生的事情。in the middle of the night：半夜；故答案为：night。
【 7题详解】
句意：她丈夫回答说：“我看到天上有数百万颗星星。”
由语境和首字母提示，可知填：million；因为空后面有of，因此用millions，millions of：数百万的；语境是：天上有数百万颗星星。故答案为：millions。
【 8题详解】
句意：他妻子说：“没错。这对你意味着什么？”
由语境和首字母提示，可知填：what；分析该句子结构W___8____ does the mean to you?可知，该句话为特殊疑问句，而且首字母是w，因此应该用what来指代上文的“看见天上有数百万颗星星这件事情。”，首字母要大写。故答案为：What。
【 9题详解】
句意：好吧，如果有这么多恒星，那就意味着也可能有一个和我们一样的行星。
分析句子Well, if there are so many stars out there , that means there might a____9___ be a planet just like ours. 的结构可知，该空在be动词之前，而且首字母是a，因此应该填also：其位置大多放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前；故答案为：also。
【10题详解】
句意：真令人兴奋！
根据Well, if there are so many stars out there , that means there might a_____9_____ be a planet just like ours. And if that’s true, then there could be life on one of those planets. 好吧，如果有这么多恒星，那就意味着也可能有一个和我们一样的行星。如果这是真的，那么其中一颗行星上可能有生命。这是丈夫的想法，因此对于丈夫来说，他认为这样是很兴奋的。故答案为：exciting。
【点睛】英语首字母填空技巧
1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解来源：
与阅读理解题和其它类型的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。
2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词
在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%~5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。
3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理
再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。例如：第5小题，句意：经过长时间的徒步旅行之后，他们回到营地，生火做饭。由语境和首字母提示，可知填：dinner；根据Finally, it was time to go to sleep. 最后，该睡觉了。可以推知，他们回来是做的晚饭，故答案为：dinner。
4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：
做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。
七．短文填空（2019年江苏省镇江市中考真题） 根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词, 使短文意思完整, 每空一词。
As I entered an international high school, all my friends felt surprised at my short hair. This is because, my old school thinks teenage y___1___ aren’t the time for looking pretty. Then I coloured my hair blue. For the first time, I felt free and beautiful. This international school s___2___ to meet my needs.
I had a t___3___ education background. I went to public schools, received normal (常规的) education and was required to follow r___4__ like every other student. Later, I began to wonder w___5__ this education was truly suitable for me.
However, in the new school my high hopes were not met. For a while, I found myself in a surprising situation as I faced before. It was s___6___ the biggest challenge I faced in my education-the freedom to try new things. In the old system, I was strongly advised a___7___ trying new things. But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things. But if I f___8___, I must be responsible (负责任的) because I put myself in such risk. Finally, it led me to get into trouble again.
As time went by, I started to find my o___9___ balance. In fact, none of the education systems in the world are perfect. I am l___10___ enough to have a chance to bring great value from both systems together. As a result, I've built a system for myself.
【答案】1. youth 2. seems 3. terrible 4. rules 5. whether
6. surprising 7. against 8. fail 9. own 10. lucky
【解析】
【分析】
这篇短文作者讲述了他经历的两种完全不同的教育体系，他原来的学校限制学生们的自由，要求学生们遵守很多的规则，反对学生们尝试新事物；而新学校正好相反。随着时间的推移，作者也意识到没有哪种教育体系是完美的，将不同体系的价值结合在一起，形成自己的体系，作者感到自己很幸运。
【1题详解】
句意：这是因为我原来的学校认为青少年时期不是好看的时候。
根据句意aren't the time for looking pretty可知，这里应指的是“青少年时期”，单词的首字母是y，由此可猜到应填youth，意为“青年，青少年时期”。
【2题详解】
句意：这个国际学校好像满足了我的需要。
根据句意和首字母可知，这里应填seem，意为“似乎，好像”，后面常跟动词不定式，seem to do sth.“好像做某事”。短文第一段使用的是一般现在时态，主语The international school是单数，故动词应变为三单形式，填seems。
【3题详解】
句意：我的教育背景很糟糕。
根据下文I went to public schools, received normal (常规的) education and was required to follow r___4___ like every other student. Later, I began to wonder w___5___ this education was truly suitable for me.可知，作者对自己在从前的学校里接受的教育表示怀疑，不知道那种教育是不是适合“我”。结合首字母可知，这里应填terrible，“糟糕的”。
【4题详解】
句意：我上公立学校，接受常规的教育，像每一个其他的学生一样被要求遵守规则。
根据句意follow….“遵守…”和首字母r可知，这里应表示“遵守规则”，应用名词rule，且学生们遵守的规则是有很多的，故应填复数形式rules。
【5题详解】
句意：后来，我开始想知道这种教育是否真正适合我。
根据句意I began to wonder…和文意可知，作者不知道这种教育是不是适合他，故这里填whether，意为“是否”，引导宾语从句。
【6题详解】
句意：真的很令人吃惊，我在教育中面临的最大挑战是尝试新事物的自由。
根据上句话For a while, I found myself in a surprising situation as I faced before.可知，这里作者说的是在新学校里让他吃惊的事，故应填surprising，形容词，“令人吃惊的”，在句中作表语。
【7题详解】
句意：在旧的体系里，我被建议说反对尝试新事物。
根据文意可知，作者接受的新旧两个教育体系是不一样的，下句话But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things.“新学校鼓励学生们尝试新事物”，因此原来的学校是反对的，故这里填against，“反对，违抗”。
【8题详解】
句意：但是如果我失败了，我必须要负责任，因为我把自己置于这样的风险之中。
根据句意I must be responsible可知，这里表示“假如失败的话”，应用fail，是一个动词。这一段使用的是一般现在时，主语为I，故动词填原形。
【9题详解】
句意：随着时间的推移，我开始找到了我自己的平衡。
根据文意和首字母可知，这里应填own，意为“某人自己的”，常和形容词性物主代词搭配使用。
【10题详解】
句意：我很幸运有机会将两个体系的巨大价值结合在一起。
根据文意和句意to have a chance to bring great value from both systems together.可知，作者经历了两种教育体系，将他们的家长结合在一起，作者是非常幸运的。故这里应填lucky，是一个形容词，意为“幸运的”。
【点睛】这篇短文作者通过对比他经历的两种完全相反的教育体系，告诉我们每一种教育体系都有它自己的优点和缺点，没有哪种是完美的。短文主题明确，结构清晰，文章中作者通过对比、举例的方式，使学生们更容易理解文章的内容。题型是短文填空，要求根据文意以及单词的首字母，填写适当的单词，并注意使用其正确的形式。做题时，应先通读短文，了解文章大意；然后根据首字母提示填写单词，再根据句中使用的句型、单词的作用等，变化其正确的形式。例如第4小题，根据句意follow….“遵守…”和首字母r可知，这里应表示“遵守规则”，应用名词rule，且学生们遵守的规则是有很多的，故应填复数形式rules。再如第7小题，根据文意可知，作者接受的新旧两个教育体系是不一样的，下句话But in my new school, it worked the opposite way-we had many chances to try new things.“新学校鼓励学生们尝试新事物”，因此原来的学校是反对的，故这里填against，“反对，违抗”。
八．（2019年四川省广安市中考真题）根据短文内容用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空,每空一词,每词一次,并将答案写在答题卡上相应的位置。
wrong air too in what away fly at without shine
If you are asked the question “What colour is the sky?” I believe you will answer blue.But I am afraid you are___1___ . The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are looking ___2___ the blue sunlight. The sunlight ___ 3___ on the little bits of dust(灰尘) in the air.
Is the sky full of ___ 4___? I am sure that you are asked this question,___ 5___. We know that there is air all around the world. We could not live___ 6___ air. Planes could not __ 7___ if there is not any air. If we go far enough ___ 8___ from the earth, then we will find there is no air. Perhaps we can answer some of our questions now.__ 9___ is the sky? The sky is space. It is all around the world. There is nothing but the sun, the moon and the stars ___10___space.
【答案】 1. wrong
2. at 3. shines
4. air 5. too
6. without
7. fly 8. away
9. What 10. in
【解析】
文章大意：当我们看到蓝色时，我们看到的是蓝色的阳光。阳光照射在空气中的尘埃上。没有空气我们无法生存。如果没有空气，飞机就不能飞行。如果我们离地球足够远，就会发现没有空气。在太空中除了太阳、月亮和星星什么都没有。
【 1题详解】
句意：但是恐怕你是错误的。
根据空前are可知，此空应填形容词作表语，根据下句可知，此空是错误的意思，此空故填wrong。
【 2题详解】
句意：当我们看到蓝色时，我们看到的是蓝色的阳光。
根据空后the blue sunlight. 可知，此空应填介词，根据句意可知，此处是看的意思，look是不及物动词，此空应填at。
【 3题详解】
句意：阳光照射在空气中的尘埃上。
此句是一般现在时态，主语The sunlight是第三人称单数形式，此空是照射的意思，此空故填shines 。
【 4题详解】
句意：天空充满了空气吗？
根据full of 可知，此空应填名词，根据句意可知，此空是空气的意思，此空故填air。
【 5题详解】
句意：我相信你也会被问到这个问题。
根据句意可知，此句是陈述句的肯定形式，并且在句尾，此空故填too 。
【 6题详解】
句意：没有空气我们无法生存。
根据空后名词air可知，此空故填介词，根据句意可知，此空是没有的意思，此空故填without。
【 7题详解】
句意：如果没有空气，飞机就不能飞行。
根据空前could not 可知，此空应填动词原形，根据句意可知，此空是飞的意思，此空故填fly。
【 8题详解】
句意：如果我们离地球足够远，就会发现没有空气。
据空前enough可知，此空应填away
【 9题详解】
句意：天空是什么？
根据下句The sky is space.可知，此句是特殊疑问句，根据句意可知，此处是什么的意思，此空故填What。
【10题详解】
句意：在太空中除了太阳、月亮和星星什么都没有。
根据空后space可知，此空应填介词，根据句意可知，此处是在太空中的意思，此空故填in。
九.短文填空(2019年江苏南通中考真题)(共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分）
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式,使短文通顺。
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. A short video about seven people wearing prosthetic devices(人造装置) who t__ 1__ on a desert race challenge has become popular.
The seven disabled people j___ 2___in the 108-kilometer desert race from May 11 to 14 in Dunhuang, Northwest China’s Gansu Province. Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)，and o___ 3___had two legs amputated.
Cheng Baojun, a man from Luohe, Central China’s Henan Province, the double amputee, said he never i___4___ he could take part in the desert race. “It is great, I can do it, and you can also. ” “It is easy to say, but walking it is h___ 5___. ” Cheng said. On the first day, they finished a complete section of 27 kilometers of the race, and on the second day, they finished 20 kilometers.
“My legs were painful while I was walking. We also met with a very big sandstorm on the way. But s ____6____ it was a challenge, we could not give up. We all encouraged each other to continue. ” he said. After getting t___ 7___, they rested on the third day and walked on the fourth.
Lao Tongyi walked the longest of the group, a distance of more than 70 kilometers. Team leader SunNaicheng said that they had to p__ 8___ through depulation (人烟稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert. He also added that team members challenged themselves and realized their d ___ 9___.
They are good e __10___for everyone to learn from. It’s up to you how far you go. If you don’t try, you will never know.
【答案】 1. took 2. joined 3. others 4. imagined 5. hard
6. since 7. tired 8. pass 9. dream 10. examples
【解析】
这篇短文主要讲述了一段关于七个人戴着假肢参加沙漠竞赛的视频已经很流行了。告诉我们有志者事竟成。
【 1题详解】
句意：一个关于七个人戴着假肢参加沙漠竞赛的短片已经很流行了。短语take on a desert race challenge参加挑战沙漠竞赛。这里是一般过去时态，take的过去式是took。根据句意，故填took。
【 2题详解】
句意：7名残疾人参加了5月11日至14日在敦煌举行的108公里沙漠竞赛。jion in…参加……。这里是一般过去时态，joined，根据题意，故填joined。
【 3题详解】
句意：七名患者中有六名一条腿被截肢，其他人则两条被截肢。Six of the seven had one leg amputated(截肢)可知下文是其他的。根据句意，故填others。
【 4题详解】
句意：来自中国中部河南省洛河市的双重截肢者程宝军（音）说，他从来没有想过自己能参加沙漠赛跑。这里是一般过去时态，imagine的意思是“想象”，imagine的过去式imagined。根据题意，故填imagined。
【 5题详解】
句意：程说：“说起来容易，走起来难。”根据上文It is easy to say hard可知下文是是难的。根据句意，故填hard。
【 6题详解】
句意：我们在途中还遇到了一场很大的沙尘暴。但由于这是一个挑战，我们不能放弃。根据下文it was a challenge, we could not give up可知这里是表示原因，用since。根据句意，
故填since。
【 7题详解】
句意：他们累了，第三天休息，第四天走。Tired的意思是“累人的”，根据句意，故填tired。
【 8题详解】
句意：组长孙乃成说，他们必须通过戈壁沙漠的人烟稀少的区域。根据下文through depulation (人烟稀少) areas of the Gobi Desert.可知这里是通过的意思。have to do sth.表示不得不做某事；pass意思是“通过”，根据句意，故填pass。
【 9题详解】
句意：他还补充说，团队成员挑战自己，实现了自己的梦想。这里是说实现梦想。短语realize one’s dream表示实现某人的梦想。根据句意，故填dream。
【10题详解】
句意：他们是每个人学习的好榜样。主语是They，这里表语用复数，examples的意思是“榜样”，根据句意，故填examples。
十．短文填空（2019年江苏省南京市中考真题）（共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分） 请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Chinese writing is one of the world's greatest writing systems． It is more w（ 1） in use than alphabetic（字母的） writing systems． More than half of the world's books are written in Chinese， including historical writings and novels， along with writings on government and law．
At the beginning， written Chinese was a picture﹣based 1 （ 2） ． It dates back several thousand years to the u（ 3） of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved （刻） by ancient Chinese people．Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in t （ 4） hanzi．
By the Shang Dynasty， these symbols had become a well﹣developed writing system， Over the years， the system developed into different forms， as it was a time when people were d（ 5）
geographically， leading to different dialects（ 方言） and characters． This， however， c（ 6） under Emperor Qishihuang of the Qin Dynasty．
Emperor Qinshihuang united（统一）the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction． That writing system was of great i（ 7） in
uniting the Chinese people and culture． Even today， no matter where Chinese people live or what
dialect they speak， they can all still c（ 8） in writing． Written Chinese has also become an
important method to c （ 9） China's present with its past． People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times．
Today， Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture， As China plays a
g（10） role in the world， an increasing number of international students are beginning to
appreciate（ 欣赏） China's culture through this amazing language． Written Chinese spreads Chinese
culture wherever it goes．
【分析】文章介绍了中文写作系统历史发展．
【解答】（ 1）widely．考查副词．根据意思：它的使用比字母书写系统更为广泛．副词修饰动词，故填：widely．
（ 2）language．考查名词．根据意思：起初，书面汉语是一种基于图片的语言．填名词单数，语言language．故填：language．
（ 3）use．考查动词．根据意思：中国古代人在动物的骨头和贝壳上刻上符号可以追溯到几千年前．the use of．．的使用，故填：use．
（ 4）today's．考查所有格．根据意思：在今天的汉字中仍然可以看到一些古老的符号．今天的today's．故填：today's．
（ 5）divided．考查动词．根据意思：多年来，这个体系发展成不同的形式，就像人们被隔离的时代一样．被动语态be done，故填divided．
（ 6）changed．考查动词．根据意思：然而，这在秦始皇统治下发生了变化．一般过去时态，故填changed．
（ 7）importance．考查名词．根据意思：这一写作体系对于凝聚中华民族和中华文化具有重要意义．be of great importance 有重要意义．故填importance．
（ 8）communicate．考查动词．根据意思：他们仍然可以书面交流．can后面加动词原形．故填communicate．
（ 9）connect考查动词．根据意思：书面汉语也成为把中国现在和过去联系起来的重要方法．to do 不定式，故填connect．
（10）great．考查形容词．根据意思：中国在世界上发挥着巨大的作用，形容词修饰名词，故填great．
【点评】首字母填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答．对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配．本文主要考查了动词、名词、形容词、副词、等实词，需要考生弄懂上下文的语境．
