必修5 Unit 1重点单词精析
1. 【课文原句】 John Snow was a well-known doctor in London — so famous, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. (P2)
【点拨】 attend v. 照顾，护理，出席(会议等)，定期去(某地)。
【例句】 We’d like as many people as possible to attend. 我们希望参加的人数越多越好。
How many people attend church every Sunday? 每个星期天有多少人去教堂做礼拜？
【拓展】 attendance n. 出席，参加；attendant n. 服务员，侍者；attend to 对付，处理，照料。
2. 【课文原句】 He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. (P2)
【点拨】 control vt. 控制，支配；n. 控制。
【例句】 Can’t you control your children? 你就不能管管你的孩子们？
The traffic lights are controlled by a central computer. 交通信号灯由中央计算机控制。
A new advance has been made in the control of malaria. 在控制疟疾方面已取得新的进展。
【拓展】 in control of 控制；in control 在控制之下；out of control 失去控制；take / gain / keep control of 控制，管辖；lose control of ... 失去对……的控制。
3. 【课文原句】 Immediately John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used. (P2)
【点拨1】 immediately adv. 立即，马上；conj.
一……就……。
【例句】 She answered almost immediately. 她几乎立刻就回答了。
注： 英语中表示“立即，马上”意思的常见短语有： right now, right away, right off, at once和in no time。
Immediately she’d gone, I remembered her name. 她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。
【点拨2】 handle n. 把手，柄；vt. 处理，操纵。
【例句】 She turned the handle and opened the door. 她转动把手打开了门。
I was not sure if I could handle such a powerful car. 我没有把握是否能驾驶功率这样大的车。
【拓展】 handling n. 处理。
4. 【课文原句】 The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore. (P3)
【点拨】 instruct vt. 命令，指示，其后面的that 从句常用虚拟语气。
【例句】 She arrived at 10 o’clock as instructed. 她依照指示于十点钟到达。
He instructed that a wall (should) be built around the city. 他下令在城市的周围建一道城墙。
【拓展】 instruction n. 用法说明，操作指南。
必修5 Unit 1短语归纳配套练习
一、单项填空。
1. Considering your wage, you should be able to at least _________ twenty dollars a week.
A. put forward B. put up
C. put out D. put away
2. The theory _________ by Einstein was later to prove true, but at that time few people could accept it.
A. put out B. put off
C. put forward D. put down
二、用所给词语的正确形式填空，其中一项是多余的。
put out, put down, in addition, in addition to, trust 1. Can you find me a servant whom I can _________ to do housework while I am away from home?
2. When the teacher says that the time is up, you must _________ your pencil and wait at your desk until your paper is collected.
3. _________ giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
4. _________, they think, many students are not taking advantage of education opportunities.
三、根据括号内的汉语，完成下面的句子，每空一词。
1. He’s now running his own research company—that’s _________ _________ _________ (除……之外) his job at the university.
2. Word came that the students would _________
_________ (推迟) the outing until next week, when they wouldn’t be so busy.
3. No matter how crazy your dream may seem, you can do it if you _________ _________ _________ (相信自己).
四、下面各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。
1. In the past few years the workers have put down a lot of suggestions.
2. In addition reading, I also like to play PC games.
3. Apart to English, we study Russian and Spanish.
4. I believe in what he’s said because I believe in him.
必修5 Unit 1短语归纳配套练习参考答案：
一、 1. D 2. C
二、 1. trust 2. put down 3. In addition to 4. In addition
三、 1. in addition to 2. put off 3. believe in yourself
四、 1. down→forward 2. addition 后加to 3. to→from 4. 去掉第一个in
必修5 Unit 1短语归纳
1. put forward提出，拨快。如：
He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting. 他在会上提出了一个很好的建议。
I’ll put forward the clock ten minutes. 我要把钟拨快10分钟。
【拓展】
⑴ put away把……收起， 放好，储存。如：
Please put away the tools after work. 工作结束后请把工具收拾好。
He has a nice sum of money put away. 他存了一大笔钱。
⑵ put down 放下，镇压，写下。如：
After he finished the exercise, he put down his pen. 他做完练习后，放下笔。
Please put down the following facts. 请把下面的事实记下来。
⑶ put off 推迟，脱去。如：
It’s raining hard. We’d better put off the sports meeting. 正在下大雨，我们最好把运动会延期。
He is putting off his new clothes. 他正在脱他的新衣服。
2. in addition 除此之外，另外,在句中相当于副词。如：
When Diane fell, she hurt her arm and, in addition, broke her glasses. 黛安妮摔倒时，摔伤了胳膊，除此之外，还摔坏了眼镜。
In addition, I paid 100 yuan. 另外，我又付了一百元。
【拓展】
⑴ in addition to 除……之外还, 与besides可互换。如：
In addition to an album, I gave him a pen and a pencil. 除了一本照相簿外, 我还给了他一支钢笔和一支铅笔。
In addition to English, he has to study a second
foreign language. 除英语外，他还得学第二外语。
⑵ apart from意为“除……之外”时，可与except或except for互换；意为“除……之外还”时，可与besides或in addition to 互换。如：
All the children like music apart from (except)Bobby. 除了博比外，所有的孩子都喜欢音乐。
Apart from the cost, it will take a lot of time. 除了花钱以外，还要花很多时间。(except 不可用于句首)
This is a good composition, apart from (except for) a few grammar mistakes. 除了几处语法错误，这篇作文还是很好的。
In addition to his homework, he did many exercises. 除了家庭作业外，他还做了许多习题。
3. believe in 相信，信任。如：
He believes in getting plenty of exercise. 他相信多做运动必有好处。
【拓展】
⑴ believe sb 相信（某人的话）；believe in sb 信任（某人）。如：
I believe him, but I don’t believe in him. 我相信他的话，但我并不信任他。
⑵ trust sb = believe in sb 信任某人；trust sb to do sth 信得过某人做某事。如：
I shall lend him money because I trust him. 我将借给他钱，因为我信任他。
He may be trusted to do the work well and quickly. 他是可以信得过的，他会把这项工作做得又快又好。
I trust Peter to go swimming alone because he can swim very well. 让彼得一个人去游泳我放心，因为他游得很好。
过去分词作表语和定语
过去分词的构成是： V + ed，不规则动词的过去分词则需单独记忆。由于过去分词跟be可以构成被动语态，跟have, had构成完成时态，所以，过去分词具备两大特征：被动和完成。过去分词无论在句中作何种成分，被其修饰的成分或者其逻辑主语与它的关系一般是被动的关系，而且往往具有完成的意味。
一、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语，就是说过去分词用在包括be在内的系动词之后，可以理解为系表结构，而不是被动语态。在这种情况下，过去分词实际上已经变成了形容词。如：
She looked very disappointed. 她看起来非常失望。
The teacher was very pleased with my answer to the question. 老师很满意我对这个问题的回答。
1. 英语中有大量的“使役动词”，如： satisfy, frighten, amuse, amaze, embarrass, surprise, astonish, shock, bore, tire, delight, disappoint, discourage, encourage, excite, interest, annoy, fascinate, upset, puzzle, confuse和please等，这些动词往往表示人的感情变化，意为“使……怎么样”。这些词无论作定语还是表语，都用过去分词形式。如：
The news excited all of us. That means the news was exciting, and we were all excited at the news.
2. 如果过去分词强调的是动作，而不是状态，那么就是被动语态，而不是过去分词作表语。试比较：
The vase is broken. It isn’t worth so much money. 花瓶碎了。它不值这么多钱。 (系表结构)
The vase was broken by my little brother yesterday. 花瓶昨天被我的小弟弟打碎了。 (被动语态)
二、过去分词作定语
过去分词的主要功能之一是作定语，相当于一个定语从句，然而它比定语从句更加简练。
过去分词作定语的位置
(1) 过去分词短语作定语，应放在被修饰词之后。如：
ordinary people exposed to cholera 受到霍乱感染的普通人
a laboratory built last year 去年建的实验室
a game designed for children 专为孩子们设计的游戏
the girl dressed in blue clothes 穿蓝衣服的女孩
(2) 单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前。如：
He is an experienced teacher. 他是个有经验的教师。
This is an organized trip. 这是一次有组织的旅行。
Some villagers died from polluted water. 有些村民因（喝了）被污染的水而死亡。
(3) 但是，有些单个的过去分词，在习惯上或者因为受到某些限制(如：被修饰词前有all, every和最高级等)，则放在被修饰词之后。如：
There is little time left. Let’s hurry up. 剩余的时间不多了，我们赶快吧。
The time given is not enough. 所提供的时间不充足。
The room temperature needed is 15°C. 房间里所需温度是15摄氏度。
注意：有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置意义不同。试比较：
This is a used car. 这是一辆旧车。
The method used is very efficient. 所用的这个方法很有效。
过去分词作表语和定语加强练
一、单项填空。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
2. I think you’d better not use words, expressions, or phrases ______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. to be known B. known
C. being known D. having been known
3. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr Huang ______.
A. including B. being included
C. to include D. included
4. Mr Brown told me about the things ______ at yesterday’s meeting.
A. discussed B. to be discussed
C. to discuss D. being discussed
5. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought D. buying
二、根据汉语，完成英语句子。
1. 在大门口穿黑衣服的那个学生是我的女儿。
________________________________ is my daughter.
2. 据我所知，他的儿子是个归国的留学生。
As far as I know, ____________________________.
3. 自从我离开这个工厂以来，几乎没有什么变化。
________________________________ since I left this factory.
4. 桌子上有一支点着的蜡烛，所以我能够看报纸。
________________________________, so I could read a newspaper.
5. 他们显得有些吃惊，但没有说什么。
________________________________ but said nothing.
6. 听说你不能来，我很失望。
________________________________ when I heard that you could not come.
7. 他们对他的想法泼冷水时, 他并不泄气。
________________________________ when they threw cold water on his ideas.
8. 他因为受了鼓励，工作越发努力了。
He worked harder ________________________.
9. 在仅一年的时间里他就取得了令人吃惊的成就。
________________________________ in only one year.
10. 当我见她在河里时，我很害怕。
When I saw her in the river, __________________.
11. 顾客满意是我们所期望的，它是一种最好的广告宣传。
________________________________ is the best advertisement that we hope to have.
12. 我们惊奇地看到，它们在农村那么受欢迎。
____________________how welcome they were in the countryside.
过去分词作表语和定语加强练参考答案：
一、 1—5 CBDAB
二、 1. The student dressed in black at the gate 2. his son is a returned student
3. There is nearly nothing changed 4. There was a lighted candle on the table
5. They looked a little surprised 6. I was so disappointed 7. He wasn’t discouraged
8. because he had been encouraged 9. He had achieved astonishing achievements 10. I was frightened 11. A satisfied customer 12. We were surprised to see
必修5 Unit 1重点单词精练
一、用括号内所给词语的适当形式填空。
1. I was impressed by his ______ (handle) of the affair.
2. Teachers must keep a record of students’ ______ (attend).
3. I didn’t ______ (immediate) realize how serious the situation was.
4. Please follow the ______ (instruct) when operating the machine.
二、根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。
1. 每次出差回来他都有许多事情要处理。(attend to)
2. 他没有控制住汽车，竟把车撞到了一棵树上。(lose control of)
3. 我们得学会调节压力。(handle)
4. 请指示一下我如何工作。(instruct)
必修5 Unit 1重点单词精练参考答案：
一、 1. handling 2. attendance 3. immediately 4. instruction
二、 1. He has many things to attend to every time he is back from a business trip.
2. He lost control of his car and ran it into a tree. 3. We’ll have to learn to handle stress. 4. Please instruct me how to do my work.
