人教新目标2020年中考英语二轮复习学案：专题9 被动语态

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


专题9：被动语态
构成：助动词 be＋动词的过去分词。具体结构如下：
时态 句式 结构
一般现在时 肯定句 主语＋am/is/are＋过去分词＋其他
否定句 主语＋am/is/are＋not＋过去分词＋其他
一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
一般过去时 肯定句 主语＋was/were＋过去分词＋其他
否定句 主语＋was/were＋not＋过去分词＋其他
一般疑问句 Was/Were＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？
一般将来时 肯定句 主语＋will/shall＋be＋过去分词＋其他
否定句 主语＋will/shall＋not＋be＋过去分词＋其他
一般疑问句 Will/Shall＋主语＋be＋过去分词＋其他？
含情态动词 肯定句 主语＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词＋其他
否定句 主语＋情态动词＋not＋be＋过去分词＋其他
一般疑问句 情态动词＋主语＋be＋过去分词＋其他？
被动语态的用法：
用法 例句
当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态 He?was?seen?to?go?to?the?church.他被看到去了教堂。This?bridge?was?founded?in?1981.这座桥于1981?年建成。
需强调或突出动作的承受者时常用被动语态。此时动作的执行者由?by?引导且置于谓语动词之后，也可省略 She?is?liked?by?everyone.她被所有人喜爱。The?novel?was?translated,?read?and?filmed?by people. 这部小说被人们翻译、阅读并拍成电影。
当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态 The?whole?village?has?been?washed?away?by?the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。The?window?was?blown?open?by?the?wind. 窗户被风吹开了。
表示客观的说明常用“It?is＋过去分词＋that从句”句型 It?is?said?that...据说……?It?is?believed?that...据相信……It?is?reported?that...据报道……It?is?known?to?all?that...众所周知……
为了使句子简练，上下文紧凑、连贯，常使用被动语态 Apples?are?good?for?health?and?are?liked?by?many?people.苹果对健康有益，很多人都喜欢。When?he?was?five,?he?was?taught?how?to?swim.五岁的时候，他就被教会如何游泳。
文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语也常使用被动语态 Teachers?Wanted招聘老师(省略are)Road?Blocked道路堵塞(省略is)
被动语态的特殊用法
1. 主动形式表被动意义
(1)部分动词(如cut, sell, wash, write等)+状语，用主动表被动。如：
This pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写得很流畅。
练：这种玩具卖得很好，因为它可以提高孩子们的智力。
This kind of toy ________(sells well/are sold well)because it can improve the children's intelligence.
(2)感官动词(如feel, look, smell, taste, sound等)用主动表被动。如：
The cake tastes delicious. 这个蛋糕尝起来很美味。
练：这裙子摸起来很柔软，她非常喜欢。
The dress ________(feels/is felt)soft, and she likes it very much.
(3)不及物动词happen, take place没有被动语态。如：
A car accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起车祸。
练：今年6月四川省又发生了一次地震。
An earthquake ________(happened/was happened)again in Sichuan Province this June.
(4)“want/need/require+动名词”用主动表被动。如：
These plants want watering (=want to be watered)every day. 这些植物需要每天都浇水。
The bike is broken, it needs repairing. 这个自行车坏了，需要修理。
练：在游泳之前，我们需要做一系列的准备动作。
It ________________(require doing/requires doing)a series of warming up before we swim.
2. make, see, hear, find等动词在主动语态中为省略to的动词不定式结构，但变为被动语态时要加to。如：
He is often made to cry by his little brother. 他经常被他弟弟弄哭。
练：在暑假期间，很多孩子被要求进入补习班。
During the summer vacation, many children ________________(are made have/are made to have )tutoring classes.
3 常用的被动结构的短语及句型
1)be made of，be made from，be made in与be made by
be made of由……制造(看得出原料)
be made from由……制造(看不出原料)
be made in在……地方/时间制成
be made by由某人制成
练：(1)这个太阳能的房子是由玻璃制成的。
This solar-powered house __________(is made of/is made from)glass.
(2)这个漂亮的小裙子是我妈妈做的。
This beautiful skirt is made by my mom.
(3)这套茶具是2015年在浙江制作的。
The tea set is made in Zhejiang in 2015.
2). be filled with=be full of装满;充满
练：他的心里总是充满了欢乐。
His heart is always filled with/ full of joy.
3). be covered with/be covered by被……覆盖
练：我喜欢这种茶，因为上面覆盖着一层奶油。
I like this kind of tea, because it is covered with/by cream on top.
4). 句型
It's said that … 据说It's reported that … 据报道
It's known that … 众所周知It's believed that … 据信；人们相信
练：据报道，该起事故发生在昨晚9点。
It's reported that the accident happened at 9 o'clock last night.
当堂巩固
(　　)1. This kind of pen writes well and is also very cheap. It ____ well in the shop.
A. sells B. sell
C. is sold D. are sold
(　　)2. —In Guangzhou, there are many traditional snacks which ____ good, have you ever tried them?
—Yes, I like them very much.
A. taste B. tastes
C. is tasted D. was tasted
(　　)3. The 18th FINA World Championships (国际泳联世界锦标赛)____ in Korea in July, 2019 and China got 16 gold medals.
A. take place B. took place
C. is taken place D. was taken place
(　　)4. —Look at your room, Mark! Everything is in a mess. It ____ at once.
—OK, Mum. I'll do it right away.
A. need cleaning B. needs cleaning
C. need to clean D. needs to clean
(　　)5. Nancy studies abroad and she misses her parents very much, so she ____ often ____ in her room.
A. is; seen to cry B. is; seen cry
C. was; seen to cry D. was; seen cry
(　　)6. This sweater ____ my grandmother, and it ____ very warm.
A. is made with; feels B. is made by; feels
C. is made with; is felt D. is made by; is felt
(　　)7. —Look! It's said that this valuable vase ____ Ming Dynasty.
—Wow, how amazing!
A. is made in B. is made from
C. was made in D. was made from
(　　)8. —We all know that paper ____ wood.
—Yes! It's so amazing!
A. is made of B. are made of
C. is made from D. are made from
(　　)9. In summer, many swimming pools ____ people because of the hot weather.
A. is full of B. is full with
C. are filled of D. are filled with
(　　)10. —It ____ that few people got hurt during the earthquake.
—How lucky they are!
A. reports B. reported
C. has reported D. is reported
Key： AABAB BCCDD




























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