人教新目标2020年中考英语二轮复习学案：专题10 主谓一致

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


专题10：主谓一致
主谓一致主要掌握它的三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一．语法一致原则
即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也用复数形式。
情况 例句
主语是不可数名词、单数名词(代词)时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数名词(代词)时，谓语动词用复数形式 He?exercises?every?day.他每天做运动。They?exercise?every?day.他们每天做运动。
and?或?both...and...连接名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式 Jerry?and?he?are?students.杰瑞和他都是学生。
当主语后面跟有?with,?without,?togetherwith,?along?with,?except,?besides,?but,?aswell?as,?like,?including?等介词短语做插入语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致(即“就远原则”) Susan?with?her?family?works?onthe?farm. 苏珊和她的家人在农场里干活。
动词不定式、动名词或从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 To?be?a?pilot?is?his?dream. 成为一名飞行员是他的梦想。
由不定代词?either,?neither,?each,?one,everyone,?someone,?anyone,?no?one,somebody,?anybody,?everybody,something,?anything,?nothing,everything?等做主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式 Everybody?is?here.所有人都到齐了。Someone?is?waiting?for?you.有人正在等你。
在定语从句中，关系代词?who,?that,which?等做主语时，其谓语动词的形式应与先行词保持一致 The?boys?who?are?playing basketball?there?are?my?students.在那儿打篮球的那些男孩都是我的学生。
常以复数形式出现的名词(如?shoes,pants,?clothes?等)做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，但当这些名词前有?pair,kind,?set?等量词修饰时，则根据量词的单复数来确定谓语动词的单复数形式 The?shoes?are?under?the?bed.鞋子在床下。A?pair?of?shoes?is?under?the?bed.床下面有一双鞋。
“one?of＋可数名词复数”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“a number?of＋可数名词复数”表示“许多……”，做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the?number?of＋可数名词复数”表示“……的数量”，做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 One?of?the?boys?is?interested?inthe?story. 其中一个男孩子对这个故事感兴趣。A?number?of?birds?are?on?the island 岛上有大量的鸟儿。The?number?of?the?cups?is?10.杯子的数量是?10?个。
“many?a/more?than?one＋单数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 More?than?one?student?is?fond?of playing?computer?games. 不止一个学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。
二．意义一致原则
主谓一致不仅是根据其外部语法形态来决定，最主要是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词用复数形式；主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上却为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。
Twenty dollars is too dear.（20美元太贵了。）
The crowd were fighting for their lives.（这些人正为生存而战斗。）
Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.
（在异国他乡生活3年，却仿佛是度过了很长的时间。）
三．就近一致原则
就近一致原则是指谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，却与离它最近的名词保持一致
1.在 there be 句型和以 there 或 here 开头的句子中，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。如
There is a river and two big trees there.那边有一条河和两棵大树。
Here is Jim and his parents.这是吉姆和他的父母。
2.两个作主语的名词或代词由either...or，neither...nor，or，not only...but (also)连接时，谓语动词应与后一个主语的人称和数保持一致。
Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.（汤姆或他的哥哥们正在房间里等候着。）
Either he or I am wrong.（不是他错了就是我错了。）
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.
（学生们和教师都不知道这件事。）
Not only the students but (also) the teacher is active in sports and games.
（不仅学生，就连老师都积极参加体育运动。）
3.主语是单数而后接由as well as，with，together with，like，along with，rather than，no less than，as much as，including，in addition to，besides，but，expect等引起的短语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
No one expect his own supporters agrees with him.
（除了他自己的支持者以外，谁也不同意他的意见。）
Nobody but us knows it.（除我们之外，再没有人知道此事。）
I,rather than you,am to blame.（该受责备的是我而不是你。）
She as well as the other students has learned how to type.
（她和其他学生一样，也学会了如何打字。）
Our school,with some few schools,was built in the 1950s.
（我们学校和不少学校一样建于20世纪50年代。）
A professor,together with some students,was moved into a new laboratory.
（一位教授和几个学生搬到新实验室里去了。）
四．两个要注意的问题
the number of…“……的数量”，作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。a number of…“许多，大量”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The number of the workers in this factory is about 500. 这家工厂的工人大约500人。A number of the workers in this factory are women.这家工厂的工人很多是女工。
分数作主语时，依名词的单复数而定。若所修饰的名词是单数，则谓语动词用单数； 若所修饰的名词是复数，则谓语动词用复数。 Three quarters of the work is done by the computer.四分之三的工作是电脑完成的。One half of the students have passed the exam.一半的学生通过了考试。
1.(　 　) Andy, with his parents, Hong Kong, and some shopping by them.
A. have gone to; will do B. has gone to; will be done
C. have been to; will do D. has been to; do
2. (　 　)One great thing about Singapore, unlike most other Asian countries, that the temperature is almost the same all year round.
A. are 　　　B. is C. was D. were
3. (　 　)We make it a rule that each of us the bedroom one day a week.
A. clean　　　　B. cleans C. has cleaned D. have cleaned
4. (　 　)Nobody except Tom and Mary in the classroom. The other students are watching the basketball game on the playground now.
A. am B. is C. are D. were
5.(　 　)Doing eye exercises one of useful ways to protect our eyes.
A. has B. are C. were D. is
6. (　 　) Tom's family is a big one. And the family together to have a big dinner on Christmas Eve every year.
A. get 　　B. gets C. got D. have
7.(　 　) A quarter enough for me to walk to school.
A. are B. is C. were D. has
8.(　 　)Neither Jim nor Tom Australia before, but they know the country very well.
A. has gone to 　　B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to
9. (　 　)Either you your brother because one of you must stay at home.
A. or; goes　　　　B. nor; go C. or; go D. nor; goes
10.(　 　)There a book and three pens on my desk just now, but now there is nothing on it.
A. had B. were C. was D. is





























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