阅读写作--4 家乡介绍
写作方法、写作要点与范例
(原卷版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语试卷中，写作是整个英语试卷中最重要的项目之一。阅卷教师通过对考生写作部分的阅卷，可以看出考生对英语语言实际应用的水平。写作部分是最能反应考生英语水平的重要环节之一，对最终英语试卷得分的高低起着举足轻重的作用。高考英语作文一般满分为25分（100—150字左右），一般占总分数的16%左右。阅卷老师在批阅写作部分试卷时的速度很快，先会大致读一下作文内容，并在心里给出作文得分的等级。通常，一等分数为21--25分；二等分数为16分--20分；三等分数为11--15分；四等分数在6—10分；最低档分数在6分以下。作文卷面干净整洁是获取较高的分数的基础；对于无涂改、无明显拼写错误、字迹秀丽工整的卷面会给评卷教师一个良好的印象；用词用句恰当，正确使用短语、谚语会使考生的作文获得较高分数。因此，考生在进行写作练习的时要注意这些问题。教师需要指导学生进行有针对性的写作技巧方面的训练，指导学生注意审题立意、确定写作主题；注意拟提纲、定骨架；安排好层次段落、做好段落铺垫的过渡，处理好开头与结尾。同时，还要注意引导学生通过熟练掌握一些常用的短语、习语、谚语等进行书面表达。本章讨论有关家乡介绍的写作方法、写作要点与范例。
I. 写作技巧概述（The Summary of Writing Skill）
在进行写作训练时，要注意提醒学生整篇作文留给评卷教师的第一印象很重要。首先，要保证卷面清爽，减少修改；一般卷面整洁的英语作文分数一般都不会很低，阅卷老师都喜欢阅读字迹工整的文章。卷面让人看上去舒服，尽量减少修改；如果再字体优美，得分就会更占优势。要杜绝错误拼写，有记得不准确的单词应尽量替换为熟悉的单词，要善用实词，替换常用词。想要获得高分，必须避免使用重复、简单的词汇。
1. 审题立意准确，确定文章主题
对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，注意用词准确、主题鲜明、内容深刻、叙事集中。对家乡的介绍一般用现在时态，注意对家乡特色的描写。比如：人文景色、特色饮食、特色建筑、特殊节日（如：哈尔滨的冰雪节、欧式建筑、中央大街、大列巴、力道斯……）
2. 拟提纲，定骨架
英语作文审好题，立好意后，就要列提纲，确定文章的骨架。
1）安排好层次段落
2）做好段落铺垫的过渡
3）处理好开头和结尾
如果作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词展幵思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的内容，记录的方式可以是句子，也可以用单词或词组，可以用英语也可以用汉语。以My Hometown为例，提纲可以这样写：
Where is my hometown? (It is located in ...)
The population of …; It is rich in ...; It is famous for ...
Introduce some famous places of interest ...
4）Welcome to my hometown
注意结构美，行文条理清晰，避免一段到底。
3. 写出主题句，理清文章脉络
注意运用主题句，主题句是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。阅卷教师看到段落主题句，即可大致可以了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的简单句。
4. 参照提纲，扣主题句，充实内容
有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，完成各个段落。引导段部分要引起读者的注意和兴趣，特别是要能引起阅卷教师的共鸣，为主题段铺路架桥；主题段要围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。
5. 学会正确使用高级词汇
在教师阅卷时，最忌讳的就是大众化的词汇和平庸的表达，考生要想得高分，就得多用高级词汇，注意遣词造句。考生平时需要背诵一些固定词组、习语、谚语以及相对高级一些的词语，有助于考场上能得心应手，手到擒来。避免重复使用同一单词或词组。注意运用固定词组、习语、谚语等替代一些词来表达，以便能增加文采，提高被评分的等级。可采用以下三项原则：
1）弃旧取新：
阅卷老师一般都喜欢见到学生用新学习的词汇进行书面表达，因为学生乐于使用学得比较晚的单词能体现出学生学以致用的意识。例如，表示：美丽的形容词，通常同学们首先想到的基本上是初中的词汇beautiful，而采用高中新学习的词汇appealing，attractive，charming和fascinating等来替换beautiful，就可以为书面表达提高分数。
2）短语优先
高考书面表达中，多使用词组和习语替代一些单词可以起到增加文采的作用。例如：first可用to begin / start with 替换；besides可以用in addition和what is more替换；consider可以用take sth. into consideration/account替换；remember可以用 keep in mind替换。
3）避免重复
考生要想写出一篇好的英语作文，就要尽量避免重复、避免多次使用同一个简单的单词（如：反复使用should）。考生应该充分发散思维，灵活地运用短语be supposed to或had better等进行替换。
II. 记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇
1. 需要背诵的部分常用的高级词汇的替代词
1）set aside替换save
Some students think that they should save some of their pocket money for books. →
Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.
某些学生认为他们应该把一些零用钱存起来买书。
2）be of + n. 替换adj.
The products are very good and are sold everywhere in China. →
The products are of high quality and are sold everywhere in China.
这些产品质量非常好，销往全国各地。
3）refer to替换talk about/of，mention
The professor you talked about is very famous. →
The professor you referred to is very famous.
你提到的那位教授很有名。
4）lest替换so that /in order that
I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. →
I wrote down his telephone number lest I forget it.
我把他的电话号码记下来以免忘记。
5）be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in
He is interested in collecting stamps. →
He is caught up in collecting stamps.
他对集邮很感兴趣。
6）more than替换very
I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. →
I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.
得知你九月来，我非常高兴。
7）perfect(ly) 替换good/ very well
He speaks good English./ He speaks English very well. →
He speaks perfect English./ He speaks English perfectly.
他英语说得很好。
8）do sb. a favor替换help
Would you please help me to turn down the radio? →
Would you please do me a favor to turn down the radio?
你能帮我把收音机关小一点吗？
9）in the course of替换during
During the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety. →
In the course of the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.
在爬山过程中，请互相帮助，特别注意您的安全。
10）the majority of替换most
Most of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema. →
The majority of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.
大多数受访者宁愿在家看电视也不愿去看电影。
11）consist of替换be made up of
Our class is made up of 50 students. →
Our class consists of 50 students.
我们班由50名学生组成。
12）be worn out替换 be tired / broken
After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all tired. →
After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out.
连续工作了五个小时，我们都筋疲力尽了。
My shoes are broken. Please buy me a new pair. →
My shoes are worn out. Please buy me a new pair.
我的鞋坏了，请给我买一双新的。
13）attend to替换look after
I have to look after my business.→
I have to attend to my business.
我需要照料我的生意。
14）on condition that替换as long as
As long as we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome.→
On condition that we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome.
只要我们团结一致，就没有克服不了的困难。
15）nevertheless替换however
However hard she tried, nothing seemed to work .→
Nevertheless hard she tried, nothing seemed to work
尽管她努力了，但似乎也没什么用。
2. 背诵并使用常用的高级句型结构
1）with结构
A terrible accident happened yesterday, with two people killed and more than ten injured.
昨天发生了一起可怕的事故，两人死亡，十余人受伤。
He was carrying a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand.
他肩上扛着一个大袋子，左手拿着一个大箱子。
2）倒装句
The library is to the east of the teaching building. →
改为：East of the teaching building is the library.
教学楼的东面是图书馆。
Although we are tired, we are happy. →
改为：Tired as we are, we are happy.
虽然我们很累，但我们很快乐。
He can grow to be a useful man only in this way. →
改为：Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man.
只有这样，他才能成长为一个有用的人。
3）被动语态
Opinions are divided on the question.
在这个问题上意见有分歧。
All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students.
所有的课程都是由有丰富的教外国学生经验的教师来教授的
New factories, houses and roads have been built.
新建了工厂、房屋；新修了道路。
4）巧妙的改写
① Only等于no one but
Only Tom passed the exam last week. →
改为：No one but Tom passed the exam.
只有汤姆通过了考试。
② as soon as …可用No sooner…than… / Hardly…when…代替
As soon as we had arrived at the cinema, the film started. →
改为：No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.
我们刚到电影院，电影就开始了。
③ have sb /sth / done
The girl was knocked off her bicycle and her leg was broken.→
改为：The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken.
那女孩被从自行车上摔下来，摔断了腿。
④ 变换插入语的位置
However, they suggest fees should be charged low. →
They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
不过，他们建议收费要低一些。
I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. →
This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese.
我认为，这是一个很好的机会，让你展示你的歌唱天赋，以及你学习汉语的能力。
⑤ 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句
Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. →
改为：Meimei, a girl of seven, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.
梅梅，一个七岁的女孩，已经学骑自行车好几天了。
3. 家乡介绍中常用词语
1）表达家乡环境保护的基本词汇
pollute (污染)； cut down trees (砍伐树木)； waste water (废水)； throw rubbish around (乱扔垃圾)； protect the surroundings (保护周边环境)； protect rare animals (保护稀有动物)； improve the environment (改善环境)；save energy (节省能源)； do great harm to (给……带来很大危害)
2）表达家乡的和谐社会的基本词汇
harmonious (和谐的)； honest (诚实的)； credible (可信的)； balanced (平衡的)；social order (社会秩序)； peaceful (和平的)； sustainable development (可持续发展);help each other (互助)； care for each other (互相关心)； have a liking for (喜爱)；build (创建)； public morals (社会道德)； devote to (献身)； be public|spirited (有公德心的)； be concerned with (关心)； live in harmony (和谐共处)
3）表达家乡城市建设、及其景色的常用词汇
green hills and limpid water（山清水秀）；fantastic（梦幻的）；dreamy（怡然的，恬静的）；marvelous（神奇）；picturesque（如画）；magnificent（壮丽）；warm and hospitable（好客的）；simple natural（纯朴自然）；beautiful environment（环境优美）；amazing（令人惊讶的）；fantastic（梦幻般的）；unbelievable（令人难以置信的）；abundant（丰富的）；birds sing and flowers exude fragrance（鸟语花香）；too many beautiful things for the eye to behold（美不胜收）；have transport facilities（交通便利）；booming（蓬勃发展）；spring up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain（好像雨后春笋般涌现）；beautiful and rich（美丽富饶的）
写作中需要注意的问题
1. 注意句子的开头写法
1) 用with复合结构开头
With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.
太阳落山了，我们不得不向工人们挥手告别。
2) 用非谓语动词形式开头
In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.
为了提高英语水平，我们学校举办了一次英语竞赛。（动词不定式）
2. 注意在一段文章中，长短句、with短语、非谓语动词短语等交错使用
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day（长句）. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water（短句）. With this extra evidence（with开始的句子）, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again（动词不定式开始的句子）, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他发现了与宽街疫情有关的另外两起死亡病例的证据。一个从宽阔的街道搬走的女人非常喜欢水泵里的水，每天都把它送到自己家里。她和女儿喝了水后都死于霍乱。有了这些额外的证据，约翰·斯诺可以肯定地宣布污染的水携带了病毒。为了防止这种情况再次发生，约翰·斯诺建议检查所有水源。水务公司接到指示，不让人们再接触受污染的水。
3. 相关过渡语的顺序表达：
1) 表示因果关系：because，for，as a result，therefore，thus等。
2) 表示递进关系：besides，what’s more，what was worse，moreover，furthermore，in addition等。
3) 表示并列关系：and，as well as，also等。
4) 表示总结性：in general，in a word，in short，on the whole，to sum up，in brief，to conclude等。
家乡介绍的写作方法
（一）写作指导
1．确定体裁：家乡介绍一般可以采用说明文。
2．确定主体时态：一般情况下常把一般现在时作为主体时态，并要根据实际内容、具体情况随时调整、变换时态。
3．确定中心人称：介绍家乡或者旅游胜地多用第三人称。
4．确定结构：一般采用三段式结构，也可以根据情况按照三个部分组织段落，中间一个部分可以分解成2-4个自然段。第一段或第一部分简介明了地介绍家乡的地理位置、人口、面积、别称等情况。第二段或第二部分可以介绍家乡的环境、各方面的发展、旅游景点、建筑特色、饮食文化、人文风俗、新旧对比等。最后一部分用简洁的语言总结，并邀请读者到你的家乡看一看。如果有具体写作要求，就要按照给出的内容提示进行灵活处理。
（二）常用句式
be located in ...
cover an area of ...
The population of …
be rich in ...
be famous for ...
The climate here is ...
There are many famous places of interest in ...
It is historical and modern city, ....
It has many ...
As you known, it is famous for ...
It is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
（三）范例
请你介绍一下你的家乡。
【参考范文】
Harbin, My Hometown
My hometown is Harbin. Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang Province, it is located in the northeast of China. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang. It has a long history. It gathers the history and culture of the northern minorities, and it is famous for the integration of Chinese and foreign cultures. It is known as "little Paris in the East" and "Moscow in the East". Harbin has beautiful natural scenery, four distinct seasons and colorful. Sun Island, Northeast Tiger Forest Park and Stalin Park beside Songhua River are all famous tourist attractions.
In summer, you can go to the Sun-island by boat, where is a beautiful place with fascinating scenery, it is the most attractive place of interest. We often go there for leisure and entertainment on weekend or holiday in summer. Every year, there is a Harbin Summer Music Concert which is a national concert festival. During the concert, various evenings, concert, race and activities are held, and the artists come from all over the world. In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful glittering view of ice lantern. The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival is one of the world's four largest ice and snow festivals.
There are many places of interest in Harbin, such as Sophia church, the Binzhou Railway Bridge. Solemn magnificent holy Sophia church with elegant chic Gothic building has mysterious atmosphere, the Binzhou Railway Bridge and the Middle-east Railway Park tells the history of the city ...
Our city is historical and modern. It has not only many building of Russian style but many modern buildings as well. I think our city will be better and better in the future. This is my hometown. Do you like it? Welcome to Harbin!
【参考译文】
我的家乡哈尔滨
我的家乡哈尔滨市是黑龙江省的省会，位于祖国的东北部，是黑龙江省的政治、经济、文化中心。哈尔滨历史悠久，不仅荟萃北方少数民族的历史文化，而且是中外文化融合的名城。被世人誉为"东方小巴黎"，“东方莫斯科”。哈尔滨自然风光旖旎，四季分明，多姿多彩，太阳岛、东北虎林园、松花江畔斯大林公园都是著名的旅游胜地。
夏日里，您可以乘船去太阳岛上游览。太阳岛是一个美丽的地方，有着迷人的景色，是一个非常吸引人的旅游景点。夏天的周末或假日里，我们常常在那里休闲娱乐。这里每年都会举办哈夏音乐会，它是一个国际音乐节。哈夏音乐会期间会举办各种晚会、音乐会、各种音乐比赛及类似的活动，音乐艺术家们来自世界各地。冬天，您可以尽情地欣赏晶莹、美妙的冰灯美景。一年一度的哈尔滨国际冰雪节是全世界四大冰雪节之一。
哈尔滨还有许多风景名胜，比如：圣索菲亚教堂、滨州铁路桥。庄严宏伟的圣索菲亚教堂与优雅别致的哥特式建筑蒙着神秘的面纱；滨州铁路桥与中东铁路公园诉说着这座城市的历史 ……
我们的城市是历史和现代的融合，它不仅有许多俄罗斯风格的建筑，而且还有许多现代建筑。我想将来我们的城市一定会越来越好。这就是我的家乡，您喜欢吗？欢迎来哈尔滨做客！
【写作顺序与方法】
全文分三个部分。第一自然段为第一部分，在这一段中，简明介绍家乡的地理位置和哈尔滨的概况。第二部分是第二与第三自然段，介绍了哈尔滨夏天与冬天的特色以及哈夏音乐会等重要活动；并简要介绍了这座城市的风景名胜。第三部分做了总结与城市的展望。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是现在时，中心人称是第三人称it；注意文中be located in；is known as；be famous for的应用；
2. 采用说明文写作方法，对家乡的特色、风景名胜等进行了说明；
3. 在最后一部分做了总结，并邀请读者到你的家乡看一看。
【哈工大附中 专项写作模拟训练】
请你介绍一你熟悉的城市。
写作练习一
请写一篇在海边度假的短文。
写作练习二
Translate the following into Chinese（英译汉）
1. Harbin is located in the northeast of China, which is the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang province.
2. In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful view of ice lantern.
3. The ice and snow cartoon castle will take you to enter into a fairy world.
4. The city is historical and modern, it has a long history and rich culture.
5. There are many places of interest in the city.
6. This place of interest is heavy with history and culture.
7. The pagoda is reflected upside down in the water.
8. There an ancient legend in the river of our hometown.
9. Along with the river, we can enjoy a number of beautiful places of interest.
10. It is a very good summer resort. The sea was as blue as the sky.
写作练习三
Translate the following into English（汉译英）
1. 当他们粘在甲板上欣赏美丽的景色时，西阳正从白塔后面落下。
2. 长江的历史源远流长。
3. 每一块岩石形象各异，像人、像动物、又像植物。
4. 每一条河流都流淌着传奇的故事。
5. 每一座山岗都承载着厚重的历史。
6. 我们能欣赏到西阳在白塔后面沉下，很美。
7. 我们溯流而上、绕道这条美丽之河，观赏了几处小峡谷。
8. 太阳从东边生起，从西边落下。
9. 小山岗倒映在水中。
10. 那里气候宜人，阳光明媚，空气清新，令人心情舒畅。
阅读写作--4 家乡介绍
写作方法、写作要点与范例
(解析卷)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语试卷中，写作是整个英语试卷中最重要的项目之一。阅卷教师通过对考生写作部分的阅卷，可以看出考生对英语语言实际应用的水平。写作部分是最能反应考生英语水平的重要环节之一，对最终英语试卷得分的高低起着举足轻重的作用。高考英语作文一般满分为25分（100—150字左右），一般占总分数的16%左右。阅卷老师在批阅写作部分试卷时的速度很快，先会大致读一下作文内容，并在心里给出作文得分的等级。通常，一等分数为21--25分；二等分数为16分--20分；三等分数为11--15分；四等分数在6—10分；最低档分数在6分以下。作文卷面干净整洁是获取较高的分数的基础；对于无涂改、无明显拼写错误、字迹秀丽工整的卷面会给评卷教师一个良好的印象；用词用句恰当，正确使用短语、谚语会使考生的作文获得较高分数。因此，考生在进行写作练习的时要注意这些问题。教师需要指导学生进行有针对性的写作技巧方面的训练，指导学生注意审题立意、确定写作主题；注意拟提纲、定骨架；安排好层次段落、做好段落铺垫的过渡，处理好开头与结尾。同时，还要注意引导学生通过熟练掌握一些常用的短语、习语、谚语等进行书面表达。本章讨论有关家乡介绍的写作方法、写作要点与范例。
I. 写作技巧概述（The Summary of Writing Skill）
在进行写作训练时，要注意提醒学生整篇作文留给评卷教师的第一印象很重要。首先，要保证卷面清爽，减少修改；一般卷面整洁的英语作文分数一般都不会很低，阅卷老师都喜欢阅读字迹工整的文章。卷面让人看上去舒服，尽量减少修改；如果再字体优美，得分就会更占优势。要杜绝错误拼写，有记得不准确的单词应尽量替换为熟悉的单词，要善用实词，替换常用词。想要获得高分，必须避免使用重复、简单的词汇。
1. 审题立意准确，确定文章主题
对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，注意用词准确、主题鲜明、内容深刻、叙事集中。对家乡的介绍一般用现在时态，注意对家乡特色的描写。比如：人文景色、特色饮食、特色建筑、特殊节日（如：哈尔滨的冰雪节、欧式建筑、中央大街、大列巴、力道斯……）
2. 拟提纲，定骨架
英语作文审好题，立好意后，就要列提纲，确定文章的骨架。
1）安排好层次段落
2）做好段落铺垫的过渡
3）处理好开头和结尾
如果作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词展幵思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的内容，记录的方式可以是句子，也可以用单词或词组，可以用英语也可以用汉语。以My Hometown为例，提纲可以这样写：
Where is my hometown? (It is located in ...)
The population of …; It is rich in ...; It is famous for ...
Introduce some famous places of interest ...
4）Welcome to my hometown
注意结构美，行文条理清晰，避免一段到底。
3. 写出主题句，理清文章脉络
注意运用主题句，主题句是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。阅卷教师看到段落主题句，即可大致可以了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的简单句。
4. 参照提纲，扣主题句，充实内容
有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，完成各个段落。引导段部分要引起读者的注意和兴趣，特别是要能引起阅卷教师的共鸣，为主题段铺路架桥；主题段要围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。
5. 学会正确使用高级词汇
在教师阅卷时，最忌讳的就是大众化的词汇和平庸的表达，考生要想得高分，就得多用高级词汇，注意遣词造句。考生平时需要背诵一些固定词组、习语、谚语以及相对高级一些的词语，有助于考场上能得心应手，手到擒来。避免重复使用同一单词或词组。注意运用固定词组、习语、谚语等替代一些词来表达，以便能增加文采，提高被评分的等级。可采用以下三项原则：
1）弃旧取新：
阅卷老师一般都喜欢见到学生用新学习的词汇进行书面表达，因为学生乐于使用学得比较晚的单词能体现出学生学以致用的意识。例如，表示：美丽的形容词，通常同学们首先想到的基本上是初中的词汇beautiful，而采用高中新学习的词汇appealing，attractive，charming和fascinating等来替换beautiful，就可以为书面表达提高分数。
2）短语优先
高考书面表达中，多使用词组和习语替代一些单词可以起到增加文采的作用。例如：first可用to begin / start with 替换；besides可以用in addition和what is more替换；consider可以用take sth. into consideration/account替换；remember可以用 keep in mind替换。
3）避免重复
考生要想写出一篇好的英语作文，就要尽量避免重复、避免多次使用同一个简单的单词（如：反复使用should）。考生应该充分发散思维，灵活地运用短语be supposed to或had better等进行替换。
II. 记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇
1. 需要背诵的部分常用的高级词汇的替代词
1）set aside替换save
Some students think that they should save some of their pocket money for books. →
Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.
某些学生认为他们应该把一些零用钱存起来买书。
2）be of + n. 替换adj.
The products are very good and are sold everywhere in China. →
The products are of high quality and are sold everywhere in China.
这些产品质量非常好，销往全国各地。
3）refer to替换talk about/of，mention
The professor you talked about is very famous. →
The professor you referred to is very famous.
你提到的那位教授很有名。
4）lest替换so that /in order that
I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. →
I wrote down his telephone number lest I forget it.
我把他的电话号码记下来以免忘记。
5）be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in
He is interested in collecting stamps. →
He is caught up in collecting stamps.
他对集邮很感兴趣。
6）more than替换very
I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. →
I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.
得知你九月来，我非常高兴。
7）perfect(ly) 替换good/ very well
He speaks good English./ He speaks English very well. →
He speaks perfect English./ He speaks English perfectly.
他英语说得很好。
8）do sb. a favor替换help
Would you please help me to turn down the radio? →
Would you please do me a favor to turn down the radio?
你能帮我把收音机关小一点吗？
9）in the course of替换during
During the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety. →
In the course of the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.
在爬山过程中，请互相帮助，特别注意您的安全。
10）the majority of替换most
Most of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema. →
The majority of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.
大多数受访者宁愿在家看电视也不愿去看电影。
11）consist of替换be made up of
Our class is made up of 50 students. →
Our class consists of 50 students.
我们班由50名学生组成。
12）be worn out替换 be tired / broken
After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all tired. →
After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out.
连续工作了五个小时，我们都筋疲力尽了。
My shoes are broken. Please buy me a new pair. →
My shoes are worn out. Please buy me a new pair.
我的鞋坏了，请给我买一双新的。
13）attend to替换look after
I have to look after my business.→
I have to attend to my business.
我需要照料我的生意。
14）on condition that替换as long as
As long as we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome.→
On condition that we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome.
只要我们团结一致，就没有克服不了的困难。
15）nevertheless替换however
However hard she tried, nothing seemed to work .→
Nevertheless hard she tried, nothing seemed to work
尽管她努力了，但似乎也没什么用。
2. 背诵并使用常用的高级句型结构
1）with结构
A terrible accident happened yesterday, with two people killed and more than ten injured.
昨天发生了一起可怕的事故，两人死亡，十余人受伤。
He was carrying a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand.
他肩上扛着一个大袋子，左手拿着一个大箱子。
2）倒装句
The library is to the east of the teaching building. →
改为：East of the teaching building is the library.
教学楼的东面是图书馆。
Although we are tired, we are happy. →
改为：Tired as we are, we are happy.
虽然我们很累，但我们很快乐。
He can grow to be a useful man only in this way. →
改为：Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man.
只有这样，他才能成长为一个有用的人。
3）被动语态
Opinions are divided on the question.
在这个问题上意见有分歧。
All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students.
所有的课程都是由有丰富的教外国学生经验的教师来教授的
New factories, houses and roads have been built.
新建了工厂、房屋；新修了道路。
4）巧妙的改写
① Only等于no one but
Only Tom passed the exam last week. →
改为：No one but Tom passed the exam.
只有汤姆通过了考试。
② as soon as …可用No sooner…than… / Hardly…when…代替
As soon as we had arrived at the cinema, the film started. →
改为：No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.
我们刚到电影院，电影就开始了。
③ have sb /sth / done
The girl was knocked off her bicycle and her leg was broken.→
改为：The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken.
那女孩被从自行车上摔下来，摔断了腿。
④ 变换插入语的位置
However, they suggest fees should be charged low. →
They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
不过，他们建议收费要低一些。
I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. →
This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese.
我认为，这是一个很好的机会，让你展示你的歌唱天赋，以及你学习汉语的能力。
⑤ 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句
Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. →
改为：Meimei, a girl of seven, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.
梅梅，一个七岁的女孩，已经学骑自行车好几天了。
3. 家乡介绍中常用词语
1）表达家乡环境保护的基本词汇
pollute (污染)； cut down trees (砍伐树木)； waste water (废水)； throw rubbish around (乱扔垃圾)； protect the surroundings (保护周边环境)； protect rare animals (保护稀有动物)； improve the environment (改善环境)；save energy (节省能源)； do great harm to (给……带来很大危害)
2）表达家乡的和谐社会的基本词汇
harmonious (和谐的)； honest (诚实的)； credible (可信的)； balanced (平衡的)；social order (社会秩序)； peaceful (和平的)； sustainable development (可持续发展);help each other (互助)； care for each other (互相关心)； have a liking for (喜爱)；build (创建)； public morals (社会道德)； devote to (献身)； be public|spirited (有公德心的)； be concerned with (关心)； live in harmony (和谐共处)
3）表达家乡城市建设、及其景色的常用词汇
green hills and limpid water（山清水秀）；fantastic（梦幻的）；dreamy（怡然的，恬静的）；marvelous（神奇）；picturesque（如画）；magnificent（壮丽）；warm and hospitable（好客的）；simple natural（纯朴自然）；beautiful environment（环境优美）；amazing（令人惊讶的）；fantastic（梦幻般的）；unbelievable（令人难以置信的）；abundant（丰富的）；birds sing and flowers exude fragrance（鸟语花香）；too many beautiful things for the eye to behold（美不胜收）；have transport facilities（交通便利）；booming（蓬勃发展）；spring up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain（好像雨后春笋般涌现）；beautiful and rich（美丽富饶的）
写作中需要注意的问题
1. 注意句子的开头写法
1) 用with复合结构开头
With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.
太阳落山了，我们不得不向工人们挥手告别。
2) 用非谓语动词形式开头
In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.
为了提高英语水平，我们学校举办了一次英语竞赛。（动词不定式）
2. 注意在一段文章中，长短句、with短语、非谓语动词短语等交错使用
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day（长句）. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water（短句）. With this extra evidence（with开始的句子）, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again（动词不定式开始的句子）, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他发现了与宽街疫情有关的另外两起死亡病例的证据。一个从宽阔的街道搬走的女人非常喜欢水泵里的水，每天都把它送到自己家里。她和女儿喝了水后都死于霍乱。有了这些额外的证据，约翰·斯诺可以肯定地宣布污染的水携带了病毒。为了防止这种情况再次发生，约翰·斯诺建议检查所有水源。水务公司接到指示，不让人们再接触受污染的水。
3. 相关过渡语的顺序表达：
1) 表示因果关系：because，for，as a result，therefore，thus等。
2) 表示递进关系：besides，what’s more，what was worse，moreover，furthermore，in addition等。
3) 表示并列关系：and，as well as，also等。
4) 表示总结性：in general，in a word，in short，on the whole，to sum up，in brief，to conclude等。
家乡介绍的写作方法
（一）写作指导
1．确定体裁：家乡介绍一般可以采用说明文。
2．确定主体时态：一般情况下常把一般现在时作为主体时态，并要根据实际内容、具体情况随时调整、变换时态。
3．确定中心人称：介绍家乡或者旅游胜地多用第三人称。
4．确定结构：一般采用三段式结构，也可以根据情况按照三个部分组织段落，中间一个部分可以分解成2-4个自然段。第一段或第一部分简介明了地介绍家乡的地理位置、人口、面积、别称等情况。第二段或第二部分可以介绍家乡的环境、各方面的发展、旅游景点、建筑特色、饮食文化、人文风俗、新旧对比等。最后一部分用简洁的语言总结，并邀请读者到你的家乡看一看。如果有具体写作要求，就要按照给出的内容提示进行灵活处理。
（二）常用句式
be located in ...
cover an area of ...
The population of …
be rich in ...
be famous for ...
The climate here is ...
There are many famous places of interest in ...
It is historical and modern city, ....
It has many ...
As you known, it is famous for ...
It is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
（三）范例
请你介绍一下你的家乡。
【参考范文】
Harbin, My Hometown
My hometown is Harbin. Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang Province, it is located in the northeast of China. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang. It has a long history. It gathers the history and culture of the northern minorities, and it is famous for the integration of Chinese and foreign cultures. It is known as "little Paris in the East" and "Moscow in the East". Harbin has beautiful natural scenery, four distinct seasons and colorful. Sun Island, Northeast Tiger Forest Park and Stalin Park beside Songhua River are all famous tourist attractions.
In summer, you can go to the Sun-island by boat, where is a beautiful place with fascinating scenery, it is the most attractive place of interest. We often go there for leisure and entertainment on weekend or holiday in summer. Every year, there is a Harbin Summer Music Concert which is a national concert festival. During the concert, various evenings, concert, race and activities are held, and the artists come from all over the world. In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful glittering view of ice lantern. The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival is one of the world's four largest ice and snow festivals.
There are many places of interest in Harbin, such as Sophia church, the Binzhou Railway Bridge. Solemn magnificent holy Sophia church with elegant chic Gothic building has mysterious atmosphere, the Binzhou Railway Bridge and the Middle-east Railway Park tells the history of the city ...
Our city is historical and modern. It has not only many building of Russian style but many modern buildings as well. I think our city will be better and better in the future. This is my hometown. Do you like it? Welcome to Harbin!
【参考译文】
我的家乡哈尔滨
我的家乡哈尔滨市是黑龙江省的省会，位于祖国的东北部，是黑龙江省的政治、经济、文化中心。哈尔滨历史悠久，不仅荟萃北方少数民族的历史文化，而且是中外文化融合的名城。被世人誉为"东方小巴黎"，“东方莫斯科”。哈尔滨自然风光旖旎，四季分明，多姿多彩，太阳岛、东北虎林园、松花江畔斯大林公园都是著名的旅游胜地。
夏日里，您可以乘船去太阳岛上游览。太阳岛是一个美丽的地方，有着迷人的景色，是一个非常吸引人的旅游景点。夏天的周末或假日里，我们常常在那里休闲娱乐。这里每年都会举办哈夏音乐会，它是一个国际音乐节。哈夏音乐会期间会举办各种晚会、音乐会、各种音乐比赛及类似的活动，音乐艺术家们来自世界各地。冬天，您可以尽情地欣赏晶莹、美妙的冰灯美景。一年一度的哈尔滨国际冰雪节是全世界四大冰雪节之一。
哈尔滨还有许多风景名胜，比如：圣索菲亚教堂、滨州铁路桥。庄严宏伟的圣索菲亚教堂与优雅别致的哥特式建筑蒙着神秘的面纱；滨州铁路桥与中东铁路公园诉说着这座城市的历史 ……
我们的城市是历史和现代的融合，它不仅有许多俄罗斯风格的建筑，而且还有许多现代建筑。我想将来我们的城市一定会越来越好。这就是我的家乡，您喜欢吗？欢迎来哈尔滨做客！
【写作顺序与方法】
全文分三个部分。第一自然段为第一部分，在这一段中，简明介绍家乡的地理位置和哈尔滨的概况。第二部分是第二与第三自然段，介绍了哈尔滨夏天与冬天的特色以及哈夏音乐会等重要活动；并简要介绍了这座城市的风景名胜。第三部分做了总结与城市的展望。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是现在时，中心人称是第三人称it；注意文中be located in；is known as；be famous for的应用；
2. 采用说明文写作方法，对家乡的特色、风景名胜等进行了说明；
3. 在最后一部分做了总结，并邀请读者到你的家乡看一看。
【哈工大附中 专项写作模拟训练】
请你介绍一你熟悉的城市。
【参考范文】
The Ice City, Harbin
Harbin, a beautiful ice city, the capital of Heilongjiang Province. It is located in the northeast of China. As you known, Harbin has had "Oriental small Paris", "Oriental Moscow" and the “Pearls under the swan” reputation. The city is very famous not only for the history and culture but also for the beauty scenery. The summer here is cool, the winter here is beautiful and covered with white snow. Every season has its special features.
In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful glittering view of ice lantern. The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival is one of the world's four largest ice and snow festivals. If you come Harbin in winter, you should go to the Harbin Ice and Snow World, where is on the north part of Songhua Rive. People from all over the world come here to celebrate the festival at that time. You will have a lot of fun with the ice and snow there. Covering a big area of 1150 square meters, the Snow Cartoon Castle takes will take you to enter into a fairy world.
This is Harbin, the famous beautiful ice city.
【参考译文】
我的家乡哈尔滨
哈尔滨，这座美丽的冰城是黑龙江省的省会城市，位于祖国的东北部。众所周知，哈尔滨一直有着“东方小巴黎”、“东方莫斯科”、“天鹅项下的珍珠”之美誉。城市的建筑风格独特、历史悠久。我们的城市不仅因为历史和文化而闻名，还以景色美丽而著称。夏天凉爽，冬天美丽、银装素裹，每个季节都有各自的特色。
冬日里，您可以尽情地欣赏晶莹、美妙的冰灯美景。一年一度的哈尔滨国际冰雪节是全世界四大冰雪节之一，如果您冬天来哈尔滨，您应该去松花江北岸的冰雪大世界游玩。届时，世界各地的人们都会来这里庆祝这个节日。在那里，您会尽情地享受冰雪的乐趣。占地1150平方米的卡通雪造城堡将带你进入一个神话般的世界。
这就是哈尔滨，一座著名的美丽冰城。
【写作顺序与方法】
全文分三个部分。第一自然段为第一部分，介绍了家乡哈尔滨的概况。 通过“东方小巴黎”、“东方莫斯科”、“天鹅项下的珍珠”("Oriental small Paris"； "Oriental Moscow" ；“Pearls under the swan” ) 对家乡的整体特色进行了渲染。第二部分是第二自然段，介绍了哈尔滨的冰雪节与冰雪大世界。第三部分用简介的文字做了总结。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是现在时，中心人称是第三人称it；注意文中The city is very famous not only for the history and culture but also for the beauty scenery的应用；
2. 采用说明文写作方法，对哈尔滨冬天的特色进行了说明；
3. 在最后一部分做了总结。
写作练习一
请写一篇在海边度假的短文。
【参考范文】
Dalian A Good City with Beautiful Seaside
Last summer, I went Dalian with my family to spend a nice seaside holiday. On our arriving at Dalian, we were all filled with excitement, since this was our first trip to the seaside. Dalian is an excellent seaside resort indeed. There the sky was clean and bright, the wind was mild and pleasant, the sandy beach was soft and comfortable, and the sea was so magnificent. We felt refreshed at that moment. It seemed as if we traveled in the heaven.
We did many kinds of activities at the seaside. My brother went surfing and swimming in the sea; my dad dived underwater; my mother had a walk along the seashore; my grand parents and I were bathing in the sunshine on the beach, which was really an enjoyable thing. We took many photos of the beautiful scenery on the beach. All of us had a happy time.
The beautiful sea scenery deeply attracted us. We all expected for our next coming. And I should tell you the truth that the seaside holiday was both relaxing and wonderful.
【参考译文】
美丽的海滨城市大连
去年夏天，我和家人在大连的海边度过了一个愉快的假期。到达大连后，我们都很兴奋，因为这是我们第一次去海边旅行。大连的确是一个很好的海滨度假胜地。那里天空晴朗，微风和煦宜人，沙滩柔软舒适，大海波澜壮阔。那一刻我们感到精神振奋。我们好像在天堂旅行。
我们在海边做了许多活动。我哥哥在海里冲浪、游泳；我爸爸在水下潜水；我妈妈沿着海岸散步；我和我的祖父、祖母在海滩上沐浴阳光，这一切真令人愉快。我们拍了许多海滩上美丽景色的照片。全家人都很开心。
美丽的海景深深地吸引了我们，我们都期待着下一次能再来。我告诉你吧，事实上，在海滨度假真是既轻松又美妙。
写作练习二
Translate the following into Chinese（英译汉）
1. Harbin is located in the northeast of China, which is the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang province.
哈尔滨位于祖国的东北部，是黑龙江省的政治、经济、文化中心。
2. In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful view of ice lantern.
在冬天，你可以欣赏到冰灯的美妙奇景。
3. The ice and snow cartoon castle will take you to enter into a fairy world.
冰雪卡通城堡会把带你进入一个美妙的童话世界。
4. The city is historical and modern, it has a long history and rich culture.
这座城市是历史和现代的融合，历史悠久、文化丰富。
5. There are many places of interest in the city.
这座城市有许多风景名胜。
6. This place of interest is heavy with history and culture.
这处景点充满了厚重的历史文化。
7. The pagoda is reflected upside down in the water.
宝塔的影子倒立在水里。
8. There an ancient legend in the river of our hometown.
我家乡的那条小河流传着一个古老的传说。
9. Along with the river, we can enjoy a number of beautiful places of interest.
沿着这条江，我们可以欣赏到许多著名的美丽景点。
10. It is a very good summer resort. The sea was as blue as the sky.
那可真是一个非常好的避暑胜地，海天一色，碧水蓝天。
写作练习三
Translate the following into English（汉译英）
1. 当他们粘在甲板上欣赏美丽的景色时，西阳正从白塔后面落下。
The sun is setting behind the white pagoda when they stand on the deck to enjoy the beautiful scenery.
2. 长江的历史源远流长。
There was so much history along the Yangtze River.
3. 每一块岩石形象各异，像人、像动物、又像植物。
Every rock looked like a person, an animal or a plant.
4. 每一条河流都流淌着传奇的故事。
Every stream that joined the great river carried its legends.
5. 每一座山岗都承载着厚重的历史。
Every hill was heavy with the past.
6. 我们能欣赏到西阳在白塔后面沉下，很美。
We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. It was beautiful.
7. 我们溯流而上、绕道这条美丽之河，观赏了几处小峡谷。
We made a detour up the beautiful river to see some of the smaller gorges.
8. 太阳从东边生起，从西边落下。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
9. 小山岗倒映在水中。
The hills reflected upside down in the water.
10. 那里气候宜人，阳光明媚，空气清新，令人心情舒畅。
The climate is pleasant, the sunshine is bright, the air is fresh and comfortable.
课件31张PPT。阅读写作--4 家乡介绍
写作方法、写作要点与范例考纲解读1. 作文得分的等级：一等 21--25分；二等 16分--20分；三等 11--15分；四等 6—10分；最低档分数 6分以下。
2. 卷面：干净整洁是获取较高的分数的基础，写作部分无涂抹或修改，无明显拼写错误，字迹工整，用词用句恰当，注意使用短语、习语、谚语等。
3. 写作技巧：注意运用写作技巧、审题立意；确定写作主题；拟提纲、定骨架；安排好层次段落；做好段落铺垫的过渡；处理好开头与结尾。熟练掌握一些常用的短语、习语、谚语等进行书面表达。介绍家乡的写作技巧 1. 审题立意准确，确定文章主题
认真审题、斟酌立意、确定主题；用词准确、主题鲜明、叙事集中。
注意人称、时态；对逝去的名人用过去时态；对健在的名人根据所叙述的情况确定时态；
注意情态动词的恰当运用可以使预期自然、表达准确。
2. 拟提纲，定骨架
立好意后，就要列提纲，确定文章的骨架。
1）安排好层次段落
2）做好段落铺垫的过渡
3）处理好开头和结尾以 My Hometown 为例，提纲可以这样写：
1) Where is my hometown? (It is located in ...)
2) The population of …; It is rich in ...; It is famous for ...
3) Introduce some famous places of interest ...
4）Welcome to my hometown
注意结构美，行文条理清晰，避免一段到底，
可根据写作提示内容与要点，采用三段的段落模式较佳介绍家乡的写作技巧学会使用高级词汇
1）弃旧取新：
阅卷老师一般都喜欢见到学生用新学习的词汇进行书面表达，因为学生乐于使用学得比较晚的单词能体现出学生学以致用的意识。例如，表示：美丽的形容词，通常同学们首先想到的基本上是初中的词汇beautiful，而采用高中新学习的词汇appealing，attractive，charming和fascinating等来替换beautiful，就可以为书面表达提高分数。介绍家乡的写作技巧 2）短语优先 ：
高考书面表达中，多使用词组和习语替代一些单词可以起到增加文采的作用。例如：first可用to begin / start with 替换；besides可以用in addition和what is more替换；consider可以用take sth. into consideration/account替换；remember可以用 keep in mind替换。
3）避免重复 ：
考生要想写出一篇好的英语作文，就要尽量避免重复、避免多次使用同一个简单的单词（如：反复使用should）。考生应该充分发散思维，灵活地运用短语be supposed to或had better等进行替换。介绍家乡的写作技巧记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇，用高级词汇替代简单词汇
1）set aside替换save
Some students think that they should save some of their pocket money for books. →
Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.
某些学生认为他们应该把一些零用钱存起来买书。
2）be of + n. 替换adj.
The products are very good and are sold everywhere in China. →
The products are of high quality and are sold everywhere in China.
这些产品质量非常好，销往全国各地。介绍家乡的写作技巧记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇，用高级词汇替代简单词汇
3）refer to替换talk about/of，mention
The professor you talked about is very famous. →
The professor you referred to is very famous.
你提到的那位教授很有名。
4）lest替换so that /in order that
I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. →
I wrote down his telephone number lest I forget it.
我把他的电话号码记下来以免忘记。介绍家乡的写作技巧记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇，用高级词汇替代简单词汇
5）be caught up in/be crazy about / be absorbed in/be addicted to
替换be interested in
He is interested in collecting stamps. →
He is caught up in collecting stamps.
他对集邮很感兴趣。
6）more than替换very
I'm very glad to learn that you are coming in September. →
I'm more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.
得知你九月来，我非常高兴。介绍家乡的写作技巧记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇，用高级词汇替代简单词汇
7）perfect(ly) 替换good/ very well
He speaks good English./ He speaks English very well. →
He speaks perfect English./ He speaks English perfectly.
他英语说得很好。
8）do sb. a favor替换help
Would you please help me to turn down the radio? →
Would you please do me a favor to turn down the radio?
你能帮我把收音机关小一点吗？介绍家乡的写作技巧9）in the course of替换during
During the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety. →
In the course of the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.
在爬山过程中，请互相帮助，特别注意您的安全。
10）the majority of替换most of
Most of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema. →
The majority of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.
大多数受访者宁愿在家看电视也不愿去看电影。介绍家乡的写作技巧11）consist of替换be made up of
Our class is made up of 50 students. →
Our class consists of 50 students.
我们班由50名学生组成。
12）be worn out替换 be tired / broken
After five hours' non-stop work, we were all tired. →
After five hours' non-stop work, we were all worn out.
连续工作了五个小时，我们都筋疲力尽了。
My shoes are broken. Please buy me a new pair. →
My shoes are worn out. Please buy me a new pair.
我的鞋坏了，请给我买一双新的。介绍家乡的写作技巧13）attend to替换look after
I have to look after my business.→ I have to attend to my business.
我需要照料我的生意。
14）on condition that替换as long as
As long as we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome.→
On condition that we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome.
只要我们团结一致，就没有克服不了的困难。
15）nevertheless替换however
However hard she tried, nothing seemed to work.→
Nevertheless hard she tried, nothing seemed to work.
尽管她努力了，但似乎也没什么用。介绍家乡的写作技巧写作指导
1．确定体裁：家乡介绍一般可以采用说明文。
2．确定主体时态：一般情况下常把一般现在时作为主体时态，并要根据实际内容、具体情况随时调整、变换时态。
3．确定中心人称：介绍家乡或者旅游胜地多用第三人称。
4．确定结构：一般采用三段式结构，也可以根据情况按照三个部分组织段落，中间一个部分可以分解成2-4个自然段。第一部分简明介绍家乡的地理位置、人口、面积、别称等情况。第二部分介绍家乡的环境、各方面的发展、旅游景点、建筑特色、饮食文化、人文风俗、新旧对比等。最后一部分用简洁的语言总结，并邀请读者到你的家乡看一看。如果有具体写作要求，就要按照给出的内容提示进行灵活处理。家乡介绍的写作方法与范文常用句式
be located in ...
cover an area of ...
The population of …
be rich in ...
be famous for ...
The climate here is ...
There are many famous places of interest in ...
It is historical and modern city, ....
It has many ...
As you known, it is famous for ...
It is one of the most famous... in China/the world 介绍家乡的写作技巧 Harbin, My Hometown
My hometown is Harbin. Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang Province, it is located in the northeast of China. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang. It has a long history. It gathers the history and culture of the northern minorities, and it is famous for the integration of Chinese and foreign cultures. It is known as "little Paris in the East" and "Moscow in the East". Harbin has beautiful natural scenery, four distinct seasons and colorful. Sun Island, Northeast Tiger Forest Park and Stalin Park beside Songhua River are all famous tourist attractions.介绍家乡的写作技巧---范例 【参考范文】 In summer, you can go to the Sun-island by boat, where is a beautiful place with fascinating scenery, it is the most attractive place of interest. We often go there for leisure and entertainment on weekend or holiday in summer. Every year, there is a Harbin Summer Music Concert which is a national concert festival. During the concert, various evenings, concert, race and activities are held, and the artists come from all over the world. In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful glittering view of ice lantern. The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival is one of the world's four largest ice and snow festivals. 介绍家乡的写作技巧---范例 【参考范文】 There are many places of interest in Harbin, such as Sophia church, the Binzhou Railway Bridge. Solemn magnificent holy Sophia church with elegant chic Gothic building has mysterious atmosphere, the Binzhou Railway Bridge and the Middle-east Railway Park tells the history of the city ...
Our city is historical and modern. It has not only many building of Russian style but many modern buildings as well. I think our city will be better and better in the future. This is my hometown. Do you like it? Welcome to Harbin!介绍家乡的写作技巧---范例 【参考范文】 【写作顺序与方法】
全文分三个部分。第一自然段为第一部分，在这一段中，简明介绍家乡的地理位置和哈尔滨的概况。第二部分是第二与第三自然段，介绍了哈尔滨夏天与冬天的特色以及哈夏音乐会等重要活动；并简要介绍了这座城市的风景名胜。第三部分做了总结与城市的展望。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是现在时，中心人称是第三人称it；
注意文中be located in；is known as；be famous for的应用；
2. 采用说明文写作方法，对家乡的特色、风景名胜等进行了说明；
3. 在最后一部分做了总结，并邀请读者到你的家乡看一看。【写作要点与提示】 模拟训练阅读写作-4 家乡介绍 专项写作模拟训练 【哈工大附中 专项写作模拟训练】 请你介绍一你熟悉的城市The Ice City, Harbin
Harbin, a beautiful ice city, the capital of Heilongjiang Province. It is located in the northeast of China. As you known, Harbin has had "Oriental small Paris", "Oriental Moscow" and the “Pearls under the swan” reputation. The city is very famous not only for the history and culture but also for the beauty scenery. The summer here is cool, the winter here is beautiful and covered with white snow. Every season has its special features. 模拟训练阅读写作-4 家乡介绍 专项写作模拟训练 In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful glittering view of ice lantern. The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival is one of the world's four largest ice and snow festivals. If you come Harbin in winter, you should go to the Harbin Ice and Snow World, where is on the north part of Songhua Rive. People from all over the world come here to celebrate the festival at that time. You will have a lot of fun with the ice and snow there. Covering a big area of 1150 square meters, the Snow Cartoon Castle takes will take you to enter into a fairy world.
This is Harbin, the famous beautiful ice city. 【写作顺序与方法】
全文分三个部分。第一自然段为第一部分，介绍了家乡哈尔滨的概况。 通过“东方小巴黎”、“东方莫斯科”、“天鹅项下的珍珠”("Oriental small Paris"； "Oriental Moscow" ；“Pearls under the swan” ) 对家乡的整体特色进行了渲染。第二部分是第二自然段，介绍了哈尔滨的冰雪节与冰雪大世界。第三部分用简介的文字做了总结。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是现在时，中心人称是第三人称it；
注意文中The city is very famous not only for the history and culture but also for the beauty scenery的应用；
2. 采用说明文写作方法，对哈尔滨冬天的特色进行了说明；
3. 在最后一部分做了总结。【写作要点与提示】 巩固训练请写一篇在海边度假的短文【写作练习一】Dalian A Good City with Beautiful Seaside
Last summer, I went Dalian with my family to spend a nice seaside holiday. On our arriving at Dalian, we were all filled with excitement, since this was our first trip to the seaside. Dalian is an excellent seaside resort indeed. There the sky was clean and bright, the wind was mild and pleasant, the sandy beach was soft and comfortable, and the sea was so magnificent. We felt refreshed at that moment. It seemed as if we traveled in the heaven.巩固训练请写一篇在海边度假的短文【写作练习一】Dalian A Good City with Beautiful Seaside
We did many kinds of activities at the seaside. My brother went surfing and swimming in the sea; my dad dived underwater; my mother had a walk along the seashore; my grand parents and I were bathing in the sunshine on the beach, which was really an enjoyable thing. We took many photos of the beautiful scenery on the beach. All of us had a happy time.
The beautiful sea scenery deeply attracted us. We all expected for our next coming. And I should tell you the truth that the seaside holiday was both relaxing and wonderful.巩固训练【写作练习二】Translate the following into Chinese 1. Harbin is located in the northeast of China, which is the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang province.
2. In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful view of ice lantern.
3. The ice and snow cartoon castle will take you to enter into a fairy world. 哈尔滨位于祖国的东北部，是黑龙江省的政治、经济、文化中心。 在冬天，你可以欣赏到冰灯的美妙奇景。 冰雪卡通城堡会把带你进入一个美妙的童话世界。 这座城市是历史和现代的融合，历史悠久、文化丰富。 4. The city is historical and modern, it has a long history and rich culture. 巩固训练这座城市有许多风景名胜。 5. There are many places of interest in the city. 【写作练习二】Translate the following into Chinese 这处景点充满了厚重的历史文化。 6. This place of interest is heavy with history and culture. 宝塔的影子倒立在水里。 7. The pagoda is reflected upside down in the water. 巩固训练我家乡的那条小河流传着一个古老的传说。 8. There an ancient legend in the river of our hometown. 【写作练习二】Translate the following into Chinese 沿着这条江，我们可以欣赏到许多著名的美丽景点。 9. Along with the river, we can enjoy a number of beautiful places of interest. 那可真是一个非常好的避暑胜地，海天一色，碧水蓝天。 10. It is a very good summer resort. The sea was as blue as the sky. 巩固训练【写作练习三】The sun is setting behind the white pagoda when they stand on the deck to enjoy the beautiful scenery. 1. 当他们粘在甲板上欣赏美丽的景色时，西阳正从白塔后面落下。 There was so much history along the Yangtze River. 2. 长江的历史源远流长。 Every rock looked like a person, an animal or a plant. 3. 每一块岩石形象各异，像人、像动物、又像植物。 Translate the following into English 巩固训练Every stream that joined the great river carried its legends. 4. 每一条河流都流淌着传奇的故事。 Every hill was heavy with the past. 5. 每一座山岗都承载着厚重的历史。 We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. It was beautiful. 6. 我们能欣赏到西阳在白塔后面沉下，很美。 We made a detour up the beautiful river to see some of the smaller gorges. 7. 我们溯流而上、绕道这条美丽之河，观赏了几处小峡谷。 【写作练习三】Translate the following into English 巩固训练The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 8. 太阳从东边生起，从西边落下。 The hills reflected upside down in the water. 9. 小山岗倒映在水中。 The climate is pleasant, the sunshine is bright, the air is fresh and comfortable. 10. 那里气候宜人，阳光明媚，空气清新，令人心情舒畅。 【写作练习三】Translate the following into English 感谢欣赏
