(共46张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas课时作业16
Unit 6 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]Wang Shu, a 49 year old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28.
2．[2019·天津3月卷]Whenever he was within view, I would run away in fear.
3．[2018·天津卷]So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared (scare)．
4．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Fortunately (fortunate), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner.
5．[2019·天津卷]The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction (extinct)．
6．[2019·天津卷]It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to/towards life.
7．[2019·天津3月卷]The captain of the ship was advised to turn back due to a sudden heavy storm.
8．[2018·北京卷]But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
9．When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut off from the world.
10．[2019·全国卷Ⅲ]Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at
Ⅱ.阅读理解
[2019·安徽宿州十三校期末]The words “protect animals” appear everywhere in books and on screens, because some animals are even in danger of dying out. But sometimes the reality can be a little different from what people read or watch.
About 300 black bears were killed in Florida, the US, in October, 2015. It's been the first bear hunt in the state since 1994. Local officers explained that the black bear population had grown to 3,500 and become a menace to local people. In the past two years, bears have hurt at least four people in Florida.
Months ago, the Swiss government allowed locals to kill a wolf. This was because the wolf killed 38 sheep, and it was a great loss to some local farmers. Days ago in China, three old men were caught by the police for killing a serow (鬣羚), a kind of protected animal. They said they killed the animal because it ate the plants they grew.
However, these stories don't always mean that animal protection stops because of human interests especially when it is related to economic development. A man named Zhou Weisen set up a wild animal base in Guilin, Guangxi. He saved over 170 tigers and about 300 bears. His base also offered jobs to local people.
“There may never be a standard answer to the question of whether we should give more attention to the environment or human development，” said Robert May, a British expert at Oxford University. “But we shouldn't push either one to the side, as the future is uncertain.”
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了世界范围内动物保护的现状。
1．What does the underlined word “menace” in the second paragraph mean
A．Threat. B．Chance.
C. Bargain. D．Treasure.
答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后面的“In the past two years, bears have hurt at least four people in Florida.”可知，在过去的两年，佛罗里达至少有四人被熊所伤，黑熊数量的增长已经对当地人构成威胁，所以A项正确。
2．What does the author intend to tell us by mentioning Zhou Weisen's story
A．Protecting animals needs hard work.
B．Zhou was good at feeding wild animals.
C．Zhou had a good relationship with local people.
D．Protecting animals can bring economic development.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“However，these stories don't always mean that animal protection stops because of human interests especially when it is related to economic development.”以及最后一句“His base also offered jobs to local people.”可知，作者想通过周伟森的故事告诉我们，保护动物可以带来经济发展。
3．Which of the following statements might Robert May agree with
A．Human development should be considered first.
B．We should pay more attention to animal protection.
C．We should consider both the environment and human interests.
D．It's difficult to find proper ways to solve environmental problems.
答案与解析：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Robert May”说的话可知，他认为对于是更多地关注环境，还是更多地关注人类发展的问题来说，没有标准的答案，但是我们不应该偏重任何一方。因为未来是未知的。由此可知，Robert May可能会同意环境与人类利益并重的观点。
Ⅲ.完形填空
[2019·安徽淮北一中期中]Mr. Glen is a millionaire. Years ago, after returning from abroad to his motherland, he __1__ his company. Speaking of success, Glen often tells us a story about his extra expensive “school” fee. He always __2__ his success to it.
At that time, Glen, who already got a Ph. D. degree, __3__ to return home, starting a company. Before leaving, he bought an expensive watch with the __4__ made through years. At the airport he had to accept the routine Customs (海关) check. The watch on his wrist was also required to be taken down for __5__ . Glen knew that carrying such goods out had to pay the tax, and he was __6__ about paying the tax for his watch. So while checked, he told a lie that his watch was a __7__ fake. When he was __8__ of his “smarts”， immediately, in the __9__ of Glen, the officers hit the watch, which cost nearly 100,000 yuan, into pieces __10__ hearing Glen's words. Glen was __11__ . Before he understood why, he was taken to the office to be examined __12__ . For many times of entry－exit __13__ he knew that only those people in the “blacklist” would “enjoy” this special treatment. The officers looked over everything carefully, and __14__ him no matter what time of entry and exit he must accept the check and if __15__ reusing and carrying fake goods, he would be __16__ by law! Suddenly, his face turned red, and he had nothing in mind after __17__ the plane for long.
After that, he often told the story to his family and his employees. He said that this made a deep __18__ on him, because the additional high “school” fee that he had ever paid made him realize the value of __19__ , which he would remember as the __20__ of his success forever.
【语篇解读】 俗话说“占小便宜吃大亏”，在生活中诚信很重要。本文通过描述Mr. Glen的亲身经历说明了这一道理。
1．A.went up B．set up
C．took up D．picked up
答案与解析：B 数年前，Mr. Glen从国外回到祖国之后创建(set up)了自己的公司。
2．A.honors B．mentions
C．brings D．owes
答案与解析：D 说起成功，Glen经常告诉我们一个关于他的额外昂贵“学费”的故事。他总是把自己的成功归功(owes)于它。owe...to...意为“把……归功于……”。
3．A.objected B．refused
C．decided D．asked
答案与解析：C 当时，Glen已经拿到了博士学位，决定(decided)回国，创办一家公司。
4．A.books B．things
C．pounds D．savings
答案与解析：D 离开之前，他用他多年的积蓄(savings)买了一块昂贵的手表。
5．A.inspection B．look
C．test D．experiment
答案与解析：A 在机场，他要接受海关的例行检查，他手腕上的表也要被检查(inspection)。
6．A.worried B．curious
C．particular D．excited
答案与解析：A Glen知道带这样的货物出关是要交税的，他担心(worried)他的手表也要交税。
7．A.careless B．priceless
C．hopeless D．worthless
答案与解析：D 所以当接受检查的时候，他撒谎说这块手表是不值钱的(worthless)假货。
8．A.afraid B．ashamed
C．proud D．hard
答案与解析：C 当他还在为自己的“小聪明”沾沾自喜时。be proud of以……而自豪。
9．A.danger B．process
C．presence D．sense
答案与解析：C 警察一听到Glen的话，当着Glen的面(presence)，把这价值接近100 000元的表摔成了碎片。in the presence of当着……的面。
10．A.at B．on
C．in D．by
答案与解析：B on/upon doing sth.一……就……，此处表示“一听到Glen的话”，故答案为B。
11．A.shocked B．delighted
C．disappointed D．satisfied
答案与解析：A 因为手表被摔成碎片，所以Glen感到震惊(shocked)。
12．A.closely B．quietly
C．quickly D．curiously
答案与解析：A 他还没有明白怎么回事，就被带到办公室仔细(closely)检查。后文“The officers looked over everything carefully...”处有提示。
13．A.conditions B．chances
C．experiments D．experiences
答案与解析：D 多次出入境的经历(experiences)让他知道只有那些被列入“黑名单”的人会“享受”这种特殊的待遇。
14．A.stopped B．warned
C．urged D．hoped
答案与解析：B 警官仔细检查了每样东西，警告(warned)他无论什么时候出入境，他必须接受检查，如果发现再使用和携带假冒伪劣商品，他会受法律指控(charged)。根据句意可知答案为B。
15．A.found out B．came out
C．sent out D．set out
答案与解析：A 此句是省略句if (he was) found out...。find out发现；查明。
16．A.hit B．charged
C．praised D．blamed
答案与解析：B 见14题解析。
17．A.boarding B．getting off
C．flying D．observing
答案与解析：A 突然他的脸红了，登机(boarding)后很长时间，他脑海里一片空白。board the plane登机。
18．A.expression B．idea
C．thought D．impression
答案与解析：D 从那之后，他经常把这个故事讲给他的家人和员工。他说这给他留下了深刻印象(impression)。make a deep impression on sb.给某人留下深刻印象。
19．A.lies B．honesty
C．goods D．bravery
答案与解析：B 这笔额外高昂的学费让他意识到诚实(honesty)的重要性。
20．A.choice B．lesson
C．secret D．belief
答案与解析：C 他将永远把诚实(honesty)当作是他成功的秘诀，which代指前面的honesty。
Ⅳ.七选五
[2019·河北石家庄一中高一期末]Are you a happy person or an unhappy person If you're an unhappy person, please remember that happiness is a choice. __1__ What you need to do is to make some changes.
Unhappy people are more likely to believe that life is hard. They see themselves as victims of life when something bad happens to them. Yes, as is known to all, life can be hard. __2__
Unhappy people are more likely to believe that most people can't be trusted. They don't think strangers can be trusted. Unfortunately, this thought slowly starts to prevent them from meeting new people. __3__ In this way, you can make more friends, who can increase your happiness.
Unhappy people like comparing themselves with others and feel jealous. __4__ This is wrong. Instead you should get inspired and try to achieve more. Learn to believe in unlimited possibilities. Don't get upset and think that somebody's luck limits your possible outcome in life.
Unhappy people consider their future with worry and fear. __5__ Unhappy people fill the head space with worry and fear. How can you be happy if you are always in worry or fear When fear or worry crosses your mind, ask yourself if there is action you can take to prevent your fear or worry from happening. If there isn't, just lay it down because worry or fear does you no good at all.
Everyone will probably swim in negative waters once in a while, but what matters is how long you stay there. Follow the ways mentioned above and then you will be much happier.
A．You can choose to be happy.
B．Unhappiness is also a choice.
C．There is only so much space between your ears.
D．They believe that someone else's luck is stolen from their own.
E．You should try to be kind to others in order to make more friends.
F．But you should have a positive attitude towards life instead of complaining all the time.
G．Instead, you should believe in the good in people and stay open and friendly towards those you meet.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。快乐是一种选择，如果你想快乐，你就能变得快乐。每个人都有不快乐的时候，关键是你的快乐能持续多久。
1．答案与解析：A 根据上文的“If you're an unhappy person，please remember that happiness is a choice.”可知，快乐是一种选择，A项“你可以选择快乐”与上文衔接最好。
2．答案与解析：F 根据上文的“They see themselves as victims of life when something bad happens to them. Yes, as is known to all, life can be hard.”可知，生活出现困难的时候，一个人不能把自己当作生活的受害者，F项“但是你应该对生活持积极的态度，而不是一直抱怨”符合语境。
3．答案与解析：G 根据上文的“Unhappy people are more likely to believe that most people can't be trusted. They don't think strangers can be trusted.”可知，那些不开心的人往往不信任人，认为陌生人是不可信任的，G项“相反，你应该相信人的善良，对你遇到的人保持开放和友好的态度”最合题意。
4．答案与解析：D 根据上文的“Unhappy people like comparing themselves with others and feel jealous.”可知，不开心的人喜欢和别人比较，而且会感到妒忌，再结合下文的“This is wrong.”可知，选项D“他们相信，别人的运气是从自己身上偷来的”衔接最好。
5．答案与解析：C 根据下文的“Unhappy people fill the head space with worry and fear.”可知，不开心的人脑中总是充满了害怕和忧虑。C项“你的两只耳朵之间只有这么大的空间”可引出下文。(共47张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language课时作业17
Unit 6 Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2017·天津卷]He is a devoted(devote) father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.
2．[2018·北京卷]In order to deliver a clear presentation(present), I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail.
3．[2019·天津3月卷]More and more people joined me and two dozen Cuddle Buddies branches were_established(establish) across the nation.
4．[2018·天津卷]Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.
5．[2018·全国Ⅲ卷]Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.
6．[2013·天津卷]For example, outdoor lighting severely(severe) affects migrating (迁徙的) birds.
7．[2019·江苏卷]His music deserved preserving/to_be_preserved(preserve) in the family.
8．[2014·江苏卷]Before I was two, I was_adopted(adopt) by an Anglo couple.
9．[2018·北京卷]Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to_reduce(reduce) it.
10．[2019·浙江卷]Usually, the stranger(strange) the idea is, the more it gets noticed.
11．[2019·北京卷]With her dad's permission(permit), she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth friendly.
12．[2018·北京卷]Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self driving minibus.
Ⅱ.用括号中动词的适当形式填空
1．[2019·江苏卷]It's an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known (know) to international students.
2．[2018·天津卷]I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken(take)．
3．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left(leave)．
4．[2019·浙江卷]Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded (crowd) with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)．
5．[2018·天津卷]Suddenly I sensed a man standing (stand) behind me.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
[2019·广东佛山一中高一期末]
Emily Urich 18 years old Canada
A lot of teens aren't responsible, and that's where I'm different. Not just about school but everyday things, like being able to pay my own credit card (信用卡) bills on time.
The first time I got a cartoon book was on my third birthday. From then on, I fell in deep love with it. And can you guess how many cartoon books I've read I don't really know the exact number. But I have three full boxes of them under my bed.
Joe Miller 16 years old America
I'm proud of doing things in my own way. So whenever somebody wants me to do something or whatever it is, I feel like they're all other people's thoughts, not really mine. But like others , I love reading, too.
When I first took skiing lessons, I found it exciting. For skiing racing, there's no question that I'm better than most boys. I think it's fun. I mean, it is a challenge. It's where I picked up the idea of needing a challenge always in my life. In order to improve my skiing skills，I have read many books and magazines about it.
An Qi 15 years old China
I'm different because I prefer to drop out of the world to create my own world. I'd like to build a house on a mountain.And I choose to live without electricity, a telephone, or even indoor plumbing (水管装置) .
I have many hobbies such as traveling, reading, writing and spending time with children. I love children because they are smart and creative. They always have many strange ideas. It makes me excited.
I want to do something for Project Hope and become a country school teacher.
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了三个喜欢读书但有不同爱好的学生。
1. Which hobby do the three students all have
A．Writing. B．Skiing.
C．Traveling. D．Reading.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。通读全文，结合文中对三个学生喜好的介绍可知，这三个学生均喜欢读书，故选D项。
2. What can we infer according to Emily
A. Other people trust her.
B. She does sports at weekends.
C. She laughs at other people.
D. She gets up late on Sundays.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一则信息里的“Not just about school but everyday things, like being able to pay my own credit card bills on time.”可知，Emily是个值得信赖的人。
3. What do we know about Joe Miller
A. He doesn't like to follow others.
B. He thinks skiing is too dangerous.
C. He does well in drawing cartoons.
D. He enjoys living somewhere quiet.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第二则信息里的“I'm proud of doing things in my own way. So whenever somebody wants me to do something or whatever it is, I feel like they're all other people's thoughts, not really mine.”可知，Joe Miller很有个性，不喜欢随波逐流。
4. Why does An Qi want to be a country school teacher
A. She wants to travel.
B. Her parents are teachers.
C. She loves children.
D. She comes from the countryside.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三则信息里的“I love children because they are smart and creative. They always have many strange ideas. It makes me excited.”可知，An Qi想当老师是因为她喜欢孩子。
Ⅳ.完形填空
[2019·黑龙江双鸭山一中高一月考]Life will be peaceful if you always do kind things. I teach my daughters to develop a habit of __1__ others. The little acts of __2__ give you chances to provide service for others. They can make you feel how __3__ it is to be kind and helpful.
We __4__ in a rural (乡村的) area. Most of what we __5__ is beautiful nature. One of the exceptions to the __6__ is the rubbish that some people throw out of their car windows as they drive along the rural roads. One of the few __7__ of living there is short of __8__ public services, such as rubbish collection, which is common in the __9__ .
A helping behaviour that I practise regularly with my daughters is __10__ rubbish in our neighbourhood. My daughters often have a match to see who can collect the most rubbish. They will often say to me in a(n) __11__ voice, “There's some rubbish, Daddy— __12__ the car！” And if we have time, we will often get out of our car and pick it up. __13__ it may seem strange，we do it. In fact, we __14__ it. We pick up rubbish in parks, on sidewalks, almost anywhere.
One day I saw a stranger picking up rubbish on the road. I stopped. He __15__ his head and smiled, “I saw you doing this with your family, It's a good __16__ to protect our environment.”
There are many other ways to __17__ kindness for others. You may share a dinner with a beggar, visit __18__ old people in the nursing home, or help the blind __19__ the street. You can think of something that can be finished __20__ but helpful. It is fun, self satisfying, and what's more, it can set a good example. Helping others is helping yourself.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过全家捡垃圾保护环境的故事，建议我们做一些力所能及的善事，树立好的榜样。帮助别人就是帮助自己。
1．A.watching B．helping
C．welcoming D．teaching
答案与解析：B 与上文中的do kind things意思一致，作者推崇做好事，所以教育女儿养成帮助(help)别人的习惯。
2．A.carefulness B．peace
C．kindness D．interest
答案与解析：C 此处指帮助别人这种善良(kindness)的举动给了你为别人提供服务的机会。
3．A.great B．unusual
C．easy D．sad
答案与解析：A 帮助别人，给别人提供服务会让你感觉到友善和帮助是多么伟大(great)。
4．A.work B．travel
C．live D．stay
答案与解析：C 根据下文living there可知，此处指“我们”居住(live)在乡村，故选C。
5．A.dream B．see
C．need D．develop
答案与解析：B 在乡下“我们”看到(see)的多数是美丽的自然，beautiful nature是看到的东西。
6．A.environment B．weather
C．area D．beauty
答案与解析：D 与beautiful nature呼应，指美丽自然(beauty)中的一个例外就是随手扔的垃圾。
7．A.disadvantages B．favourites
C．wishes D．answers
答案与解析：A 根据下文的“is short of __8__ public services”可知，此处指住在乡下的缺点(disadvantage)之一是缺少公共服务。
8．A.comfortable B．necessary
C．modern D．excellent
答案与解析：B 此处指必要的(necessary)公共服务，像收集垃圾。
9．A.sky B．village
C．city D．street
答案与解析：C 根据常识可知，垃圾收集在城市(city)中是很平常的公共服务，故选C。
10．A.picking up B．looking for
C．taking away D．laughing
答案与解析：A 根据下文提示“collect the most rubbish”可知，“我”和女儿们经常做的有帮助的行为是在附近捡(pick up)垃圾。
11．A.surprised B．tired
C．excited D．angry
答案与解析：C 因为是和孩子们比赛看谁捡的垃圾多，所以女儿们看到垃圾后会很激动(excited)，会大喊。
12．A.speed B．start
C．move D．stop
答案与解析：D 此处指孩子们看到垃圾后，会喊叫着让父亲停车(stop)。下句中“get out of our car and pick it up”是停车后的活动。
13．A.Although B．But
C．And D．Since
答案与解析：A “我们”去捡垃圾尽管(although)似乎很奇怪，但“我们”坚持去做。
14．A.understand B．experience
C．forget D．enjoy
答案与解析：D 此处指“我们”很享受(enjoy)捡垃圾这个过程。
15．A.covered B．lowered
C．shook D．raised
答案与解析：D “我”看到一个陌生者在捡垃圾，“我”停下后，他抬头(raise)向“我”微笑。
16．A.sport B．idea
C．result D．question
答案与解析：B 此处指捡垃圾是一个保护环境的好主意(idea)。
17．A.describe B．buy
C．provide D．make
答案与解析：C 有许多方式向别人提供友善，根据下面的例子可知是帮助别人，提供(provide)友善。
18．A.puzzled B．successful
C．healthy D．lonely
答案与解析：D 根据the nursing home可知是去看望养老院的孤独 (lonely)老人。
19．A.clean B．cross
C．repair D．draw
答案与解析：B 此处指帮助盲人过(cross)马路。
20．A.suddenly B．impossibly
C．easily D．hardly
答案与解析：C 此处指做一些容易(easily)完成却有益的事，指上文提到的那些善举。
Ⅴ.语法填空
[2018·河南八市联考高二学业测试]Hidden camera shows are popular all over the world. But the 1.________ (origin) concept started way back in the 1940s with Candid Camera.
Candid Camera 2.________(create) and produced by Allen Funt. It started out on radio in 1947, but ended up on TV in 1948. The idea for the show was simple. Hidden cameras would film ordinary people in unusual 3.________ (situation) . When the joke was revealed, the victims would be told the show's catch phrase, “Smile! You're on Candid Camera.”
The humour was based on putting real people in fake situations. There 4.________(be) many versions of the show since then，including Just For Laughs Gags and Trigger Happy TV, but Candid Camera was the 5.________(begin)．
There was bad news for the show in 2001. Philip Zelnick, 35, 6.________ of the victims of the show, started a lawsuit (诉讼) 7.________ Peter Funt (the son of the founder) . Zelnick claimed he was injured during one of the show's tricks. As part of this prank (恶作剧) , Funt was posing as a security guard at 8.________ airport. He instructed passengers 9.________ (go) through a fake X－ray machine. When Zelnick was getting off the conveyor belt, he got injured in the leg. The jury (陪审团) awarded Zelnick a total of $ 300, 000, with Peter Funt and the show 10.________ (order) to pay $150, 000 each.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了隐藏相机秀流行于全世界，但是有时候它也会惹来麻烦。
1．答案与解析：original 用形容词修饰名词concept。
2．答案与解析：was created Candid Camera与create是被动关系，用被动语态；这是发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
3．答案与解析：situations 由语境可知此处是复数意义。
4．答案与解析：have been 表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态，用现在完成时，句中的时间状语since then也是提示。
5．答案与解析：beginning 冠词后使用名词。
6．答案与解析：one “one of＋可数名词复数”表示“……之一”。
7．答案与解析：against Philip提起诉讼反对Peter Funt。against表示“反对”。
8．答案与解析：an Funt在一个机场伪装成安保人员的样子。泛指“一个机场”，且airport的首字母发音是元音，故用an。
9．答案与解析：to go instruct sb. to do sth.指示某人做某事。
10．答案与解析：ordered 此处是with复合结构，Peter Funt and the show与order是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。(共62张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Developing ideas,
Presenting ideas & Reflection课时作业18
Unit 6 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas, Presenting ideas & Reflection
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2016·天津卷]The majority (major) of them take an online language test before starting their programme.
2．[2019·天津3月卷]People can be given the information earlier and take steps to_improve (improve) their health before it's too late.
3．[2019·全国卷Ⅱ改编]Doing (do) volunteer work gives her a sense of duty.
4．[2018·北京卷]．.. it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene (聚乙烯)．
5．[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]Today $ 8 or $ 10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens.
6．[2016·全国Ⅲ卷]People probably cooked their food in large pots, using twigs (树枝) to_remove (remove) it.
7．[2019·江苏卷]The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should take people's essential needs into account.
8．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]I never felt an urge to_learn (learn) any sign language before.
9．[2019·江苏卷]He felt concerned about his illness.
10．[2019·浙江卷]Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.
11．[2018·天津卷]It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
12．[2018·北京卷]Traveling along the old Silk Road is (be) an interesting and rewarding experience.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
[2019·浙江卷]California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)．
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)．
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)．
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The seriousness of big tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
答案与解析：A 段落大意题。根据文章第二段中“The number of trees... declined by 50 percent... more than 55 percent... 75 percent”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加州森林中大树急剧减少了的严重性，故选A项。
2．Which of the following is well intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire control... compete with big trees for resources (资源)”可知，声势浩大的森林防火措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树争抢资源，从而导致大树数量减少，故选D项。
3．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Sine the 1930s, McIntyre said... have been rising temperatures... reduces the water supply”可知，McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温，故选C项。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章主要讲述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。
B
A man who broke his neck outdoors in freezing conditions survived lying in snow for nearly 20 hours thanks to his dog, who kept him warm through the night and barked for help.
The Michigan man, named only as Bob, was alone when he left his farmhouse on New Year's Eve to collect firewood. Predicting a journey of only several metres, Bob was wearing just long jeans, a shirt and slippers when he went outside, despite the temperature being around 4 ℃. However, he slipped and broke his neck.
“I was screaming for help but my nearest neighbour is about a quarter mile away and it was 10：30 p．m., but my Kelsey came，” said Bob. Kelsey is Bob's five－year－old Golden Retriever. She kept Bob warm by lying on top of him, and kept him awake by licking (舔) his hands and face. Bob said, “She kept barking for help but never left my side. She kept me warm and awake. I knew I had to persevere through this and that it was my choice to stay alive.” “By the next morning my voice was gone and I couldn't yell for help, but Kelsey didn't stop barking.” “She was letting out this screeching howl that alerted my neighbour. He found me at 6：30 a．m. on New Year's Day.”
Bob's neighbour eventually discovered him after hearing Kelsey's howls and called the emergency services. When Bob arrived at the hospital, his core temperature was below 21℃. “I was surprised to find out that I didn't have any frost bite，” said Bob. “I am sure it was because of Kelsey's determination to keep me warm and safe.” And to the surprise of doctors, Bob made a quick recovery from his neck injury.
“I am so thankful for my two heroes，” Bob said. “Kelsey kept me warm, alert, and never stopped barking for help. Dr Colen saved my life and gave me the ability to move. They are truly heroes and I will be grateful.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一只金毛猎犬在冰天雪地里救护主人的故事。
5．Why did Bob wear very few when he went outside
A．He was alone and poor.
B．He had no enough clothes.
C．The firewood was very close.
D．The temperature outside was hot.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据“Predicting a journey of only several metres...”可知，木柴离得很近，所以选C项。
6．How did Kelsey keep Bob warm
A．By licking his hands and face.
B．By making use of her own body.
C．By lifting Bob on top of her.
D．By keeping barking all the time.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据“She kept Bob warm by lying on top of him...”可知，金毛猎犬用身体给主人保暖。
7．Which of the following is the closest in meaning with the word “alerted”？
A．Warned. B．Visited.
C．Confused. D．Scared.
答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据“She was letting out this screeching howl...”可知，金毛猎犬发出声音是为了引起人们的注意，alert意为“使警觉”，故选A。
8．What can we learn from Kelsey
A．Clever and brave.
B．Grateful and honest.
C．Helpful and confident.
D．Royal and determined.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。金毛猎犬在冰天雪地里保护主人，表明了她的忠诚，结合“Kelsey's determination to keep me warm and safe”可知，D项正确。
Ⅲ.完形填空
My husband, Tom, has always been good with animals, but I was still amazed when he befriended a female grouse. It's __1__ for a grouse to have any contact (接触) with people. In fact, they're hard to spot, __2__ they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.
This grouse came into our lives in __3__. Tom was working out in the field when he __4__ her walking around at the edge of the field. She was __5__ unafraid and seemed to be __6__ about what he was doing.
Tom saw the __7__ bird several times, and she got more comfortable around him. We quickly grew __8__ of the bird and decided to call her Mildred.
One day, as Tom was working, Mildred came within a few feet of him to watch. Tom __9__ he didn't see her and kept working to see what she would do next.
Apparently, she didn't like to be __10__ . She'd run up and peck (啄) at Tom's hands, and then __11__ off to see what he would do. This went on for about 20 minutes, until Mildred became tired of the __12__ and left.
As spring went and summer came, Mildred started to __13__ more and more often. __14__ Mildred felt comfortable enough to jump up on Tom's leg and stay long enough for me to get a __15__ of the two of them together. This friendly grouse soon felt __16__ not just with our family, but with anybody who walked or drove by.
When hunting season opened, we put a __17__ at the end of our driveway asking __18__ not to shoot our pet grouse. My father, who lived down the road, __19__ warned people not to shoot her. __20__， hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的丈夫在地里干活时，无意中发现了一只松鸡。令人称奇的是，这只松鸡根本不怕人，逐渐与作者一家成了好朋友。而且周围的人们，包括猎人们，也都很喜欢她。
1．A.interesting B．reasonable
C．impossible D．unusual
答案与解析：D 根据下文“In fact，they're hard to spot...”可知，平时很难看到松鸡，与人主动接触更是罕见。
2．A.though B．because
C．unless D．until
答案与解析：B 上下文之间是因果关系，所以用because引导原因状语从句。因为松鸡听到有人靠近就会飞走，所以人们很难看到他们。
3．A.spring B．summer
C．autumn D．winter
答案与解析：A 根据倒数第二段第一句中的“As spring went and summer came...”可知，这只松鸡是在春天出现在他们生活中的。
4．A.got B．kept
C．noticed D．imagined
答案与解析：C 作者的丈夫正在地里干活，这时他注意到一只松鸡在田边走来走去。notice sb./sth. doing sth.表示“注意到某人或某物正在做某事”。
5．A.naturally B．certainly
C．normally D．surprisingly
答案与解析：D 上文提到，松鸡听到有人靠近通常就会飞走，但令人惊讶的是，这只松鸡一点儿也不怕人。naturally“自然地”；certainly“当然；的确”；normally“正常地”；surprisingly“令人惊讶地”。
6．A.crazy B．curious
C．concerned D．cautious
答案与解析：B 根据第四段第一句中的“Mildred came within a．..watch”可知，这只松鸡似乎对作者丈夫的工作很好奇。be curious about“对……感到好奇”。
7．A.shy B．awkward
C．friendly D．elegant
答案与解析：C 这只松鸡很愿意与人接触，因此看起来很友好。根据倒数第二段最后一句也能得出答案。其他形容词不符合语境。shy“害羞的”；awkward“尴尬的”；elegant“优雅的”。
8．A.careful B．tired
C．fond D．sick
答案与解析：C 作者一家人越来越喜欢这只松鸡，并且给她取了一个名字。grow/be fond of“喜爱”。
9．A.supposed B．realized
C．hoped D．pretended
答案与解析：D 根据语境可知，作者的丈夫假装没有看到这只松鸡，继续在地里干活，想看看接下来这只松鸡会做什么。
10．A.ignored B．observed
C．amazed D．disturbed
答案与解析：A 根据下文描述的松鸡的动作可知，这只松鸡很不喜欢被别人忽视，于是主动上前啄作者丈夫的手。
11．A.put B．back
C．set D．take
答案与解析：B 松鸡跑上前，用嘴啄汤姆的手，然后向后退，想看看汤姆会怎么做。back off“后退”。
12．A.game B．work
C．place D．man
答案与解析：A 上文描述的松鸡的行为就好像是与汤姆做一种游戏。后来，松鸡厌倦了这种游戏，走开了。
13．A.give up B．come out
C．turn over D．fly by
答案与解析：B 根据下文内容可知，这只松鸡出现的次数越来越频繁，与汤姆的关系越来越亲近。
14．A.Eventually B．Suddenly
C．Constantly D．Presently
答案与解析：A 事情的发展越来越有趣，最后，这只松鸡居然跳到汤姆的腿上玩耍。
15．A.chance B．dream
C．picture D．sense
答案与解析：C 作者把松鸡跳到丈夫腿上玩耍的镜头拍摄下来，于是有了一张他俩的合影。
16．A.comfortable B．guilty
C．anxious D．familiar
答案与解析：A 很快，这只松鸡不但感到与作者一家人相处很轻松，而且与任何从她旁边经过的人都相处得很自在。
17．A.lantern B．sign
C．gun D．loudspeaker
答案与解析：B 狩猎季节到了，作者一家在自家车道的尽头竖了一块牌子，请求猎人们不要射杀这只松鸡。
18．A.drivers B．farmers
C．hunters D．tourists
答案与解析：C 因为上文提到“hunting season opened，”显然此处是针对猎人们竖立的牌子。
19．A.just B．yet
C．thus D．also
答案与解析：C 由上文内容可知，作者的父亲也警告人们不要射杀这只松鸡。
20．A.In fact B．For long
C．On the contrary D．By the way
答案与解析：A 事实上，作者一家的担心是多余的，猎人们经常会停下来和这只松鸡一起拍照，因为他们从来没有看到像这只松鸡一样有趣的动物。单元写作
写作五步成文(概要写作)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
[2019·浙江卷]Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire (发生回火；事与愿违) and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.
Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“ We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, ”says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case by case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
步骤一：把握关键，定位各段主题句
第一段：Too_much_praise_can_backfire_and,_when_given_in_a_way_that's_insincere,_make_kids_afraid_to_try_new_things_or_take_a_risk_for_fear_of_not_being_able_to_stay_on_top_where_their_parents'_praise_has_put_them.
第二段：Not_giving_enough_praise_can_be_just_as_damaging_as_giving_too_much.
第三段：Experts_say_that_the_quality_of_praise_is_more_improtant_than_the_quantity.
第四段：But_whatever_it_is,_praise_should_be_given_on_a_case by case_basis_and_be_proportionate_to_the_amount_of_effort_your_child_has_put_into_it.
步骤二：删除细节，提炼核心词语
1．too much praise can backfire
2．as damaging as giving too much
3．the quality of praise is more important than the quantity
4．the amount of effort your child has put into it
步骤三：尊重原文主旨，同义替换，变化表达方式
1．家长表扬孩子目的是提高孩子们的自信心。(主谓宾状)
Parents_praise_their_children_to_promote_their_confidence.
2．表扬孩子太多会产生相反的结果。(lead to)
Praising_children_too_much_can_lead_to_an_opposite_effect.
3．表扬不足也有害，因为这使孩子失去动力。(as引导的原因状语从句)
Not_enough_praise_is_also_harmful_as_it_drives_kids_to_lose_motivation.
4．重要的是表扬的质量而不是数量。(主谓)
The_quality_of_praise_rather_than_the_quantity_matters.
5．表扬应该真诚并关注过程而不是结果。(and连接两个谓语)
Praise_should_be_sincere_and_concentrate_on_the_process_rather_than_the_result.
6．表扬提供了鼓励和认可。(主谓宾)
Praise_offers_encouragement_and_recognition.
7．你给出表扬的数量要基于他们的努力程度。(定语从句)
The_amount_of_praise_you_give_depends_on_how_hard_they_work.
步骤四：斟酌打磨——句式升级造亮点
1．把第1、2句变成but连接的并列句
Parents_praise_their_children_to_promote_their_confidence,_but_over praise_may_lead_to_an_opposite_effect.
2．把第3句变成含which引导的限制性定语从句的复合句
Inadequate_praise_is_also_harmful_which_drives_kids_to_lose_motivation.
3．把第4句和第5句变成含主语从句和非限制性定语从句的复合句
What_really_matters_is_the_quality_of_praise_rather_than_the_quantity,_which_should_be_sincere_and_concentrate_on_the_process_rather_than_the_result.
4．把第6句和第7句合成一个含though引导的让步状语从句的复合句
Though_praise_offers_encouragement_and_recognition,_the_amount_of_praise_you_give_depends_on_how_hard_they_work.
步骤五：连句成文——逻辑衔接连成篇
Parents praise their children to promote their confidence, but over praise may lead to an opposite effect. (要点1) However, inadequate praise is also harmful which drives kids to lose motivation. (要点2) Actually, what really matters is the quality of praise rather than the quantity, which should be sincere and concentrate on the process rather than the result. (要点3) Though praise offers encouragement and recognition, the amount of praise you give depends on how hard they work. (要点4) (72 words)
