(共73张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课时作业1
Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2019·全国卷Ⅰ]The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn't reaching the top.
2．[2019·北京卷]By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
3．[2019·江苏卷]The 65?year?old Steve Goodwin was found suffering from early Alzheimer's.
4．[2019·北京卷]Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to_gather (gather) a group of the most talented individuals.
5．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]After supper, we would play card games of all sorts (sort) in the sitting room.
6．[2018·江苏卷]Failing (fail) to find any other way out, they decided to make a walking journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers' guide.
7．[2017·天津卷]It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
8．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too violent for use at the table.
9．[2015·天津卷]If you have any doubts about your health, you'd better consult (consult) your doctor at once.
10．[2015·安徽卷]It is_reported (report) that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
[2019·江西景德镇一中期末]I don't consider myself to be a vegetarian, at least not in the strictest sense of the term.The two rules I follow as a semi?vegetarian are that I never cook meals at home using meat, nor do I order meat dishes when dining out.Obviously, these aren't the only occasions when I have meals.My friends sometimes throw dinner parties and I don't want to force my dietary beliefs upon them.So I eat whatever they prepare.
I'm not offended by the taste of meat at all.Actually, I grew up eating meat.As an adult, however, I became more conscious of my eating habits.I started to eat less and less meat, until one day I found that I could go for months without eating any meals containing meat at all. I began to explore the idea of giving up animal?based foods altogether, just to see how I would get on.
Soon enough, a whole new world of food opened up to me.I started eating a lot of vegetables.What I discovered is that maintaining a vegetarian diet is not only healthy, delicious and inexpensive, it's also abundant in variety.
Even with all the health benefits of a vegetarian diet — lower risk of heart attack, prevention of high blood pressure, reduced rates of cancer － there still seems to be a complete lack of vegetarian restaurants and a shortage of vegetarian options at most restaurants.I began to wonder if people were simply addicted to meat.That may be true for some, but for others who might give vegetarianism a try.I realized that there was something else in the way—the culture of vegetarianism appeared to be unpleasant.It seems that there are too many vegetarians who believe that their way of eating is superior to any other.They aren't just vegetarians ; they're better people, or so they think.This is rather offensive.
So, I propose that we, the vegetarians of the world, should become more relaxed about our meat?eating friends.Perhaps, if vegetarianism is seen to be an attractive option, more people might try it.I suppose, for vegetarianism to take_root in society for all to enjoy, it needs to change its image to one that is fun, inviting and worth following.
【语篇解读】 主题：人与自我(生活)；话题：素食主义者。本文是一篇议论文。作者对于“素食主义者”进行了论述。作者认为，尽管素食饮食对健康有好处，但是要使素食主义在社会中生根，它就需要改变，成为一种有趣、诱人和值得效仿的形象。
1．Why does the author eat whatever his friends prepare?
A．He has no choice.
B．The food is appealing.
C．He wants to be a polite guest.
D．It doesn't break any of his rules.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“My friends sometimes throw dinner parties and I don't want to force my dietary beliefs upon them.So I eat whatever they prepare.”可知，作者之所以要吃他朋友准备的东西，是因为他想成为一个有礼貌的客人。
2．How did the author give up meat?
A．Through a gradual process.
B．With the help of other vegetarians.
C．By cooking vegetarian meals at home.
D．By setting himself a goal of eating no meat.
答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I started to eat less and less meat, until one day I found that I could go for months without eating any meals containing meat at all.”可知，作者是通过一个渐进的过程放弃吃肉的。
3．What does the author think is the main problem with vegetarians?
A．They are aggressive. B．They are prideful.
C．They are unsocial. D．They are rude.
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It seems that there are too many vegetarians who believe that their way of eating is superior to any other.They aren't just vegetarians; they're better people, or so they think.”可知，作者认为素食主义者的主要问题是他们是高傲的。
4．The phrase “take root” in the last paragraph refers to vegetarianism becoming more “________”．
A．valuable B．fashionable
C．exciting D．established
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“I suppose, for vegetarianism to take root in society for all to enjoy, it needs to change its image to one that is fun, inviting and worth following.(我认为，素食主义要想在社会中扎根，让所有人都能享受它，就需要把它的形象转变成一种有趣、诱人、值得效仿的形象)”可知，最后一段中的take root一词指的是素食主义变得根深蒂固。
Ⅲ.完形填空
[2019·浙江卷]There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.Usually, the __1__ the idea is, the more it gets noticed.And that's precisely why one __2__ Frenchman has caught our attention.
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving __3__ on discarded (丢弃) food.The three?month, 1,900?mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet's __4__ of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.
As you can __5__， the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants __6__ tons of food each year, much of it remains inaccessible because of __7__ garbage containers, health regulations, or business policies.Only about one in ten places __8__ him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal __9__， most restaurants have a policy against __10__ food waste.“Some people have even __11__ their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.
What's __12__ interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet's cause.Berlin has been the __13__ while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There, he had to __14__ at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The __15__ is all the more serious when you consider the __16__ exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
“I have to get food __17__ because after all the biking I am tired and I need the __18__，” Dubanchet explained. “Is my __19__ full or empty? That is the most important thing, not what I am eating.”
He aims to __20__ his journey by mid?July.With any luck, he'll turn a few more heads in the process.
【语篇解读】 主题：人与社会(社会服务与人际沟通)；话题：骑行倡导节约食物。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了为提高人们节约食物的意识，法国人Dubanchet骑行穿越欧洲，途中靠人们丢弃的食物为生，并介绍了不同城市对食物垃圾的态度不同。该语篇旨在激发考生对食物浪费这一现象的思考。有的地区人们吃不饱，有的地区却存在着食物浪费现象，如何解决这一矛盾也是我们打赢脱贫攻坚战、实现共同富裕应该思考的问题。
1．A.cleverer B．older
C．stranger D．simpler
答案与解析：C 下文语境题。引起人们对一项事业的关注有很多种方式。通常来说，想法越奇怪(stranger)，得到的关注也越多。根据下文所述，骑行过程中以垃圾为食是一种奇怪行为。clever聪明的；old年纪大的；simple简单的。
2．A.garbage?eating B．sports?loving
C．food?wasting D．law?breaking
答案与解析：A 下文语境题。根据第二段的surviving...on discarded food(以丢弃的食物为食)可知，这个法国人靠捡垃圾为食。这就是一个吃垃圾的(garbage?eating)法国人引起我们注意的原因。sports?loving热爱运动的；food?wasting浪费食物的；law?breaking违法的。
3．A.secretly B．finally
C．entirely D．probably
答案与解析：C 上下文语境题。Baptiste Dubanchet骑行穿越欧洲，途中完全(entirely)靠吃人们丢弃的食物为生。secretly秘密地；finally最后；probably很可能。
4．A.purpose B．way
C．opinion D．dream
答案与解析：B 上文语境题。由第一段第一句“There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.(引起人们对一项事业的关注有很多种方式)”可知，从巴黎到华沙，历时三个月，骑行1 900英里，这就是Dubanchet引起欧洲和世界对食物浪费这一现象的关注的方式(way)。purpose目的；opinion观点；dream梦想。
5．A.observe B．imagine
C．suggest D．remember
答案与解析：B 上下文语境题。正如你能想象(imagine)的，这趟骑行之旅并不容易。observe观察；suggest建议；remember记起。
6．A.store B．cook
C．shop for D．throw away
答案与解析：D 上下文语境题。根据上下文可知，饭店每年都要丢掉(throw away)大量的食物。store存储；cook做饭；shop for购买。
7．A.locked B．damaged
C．connected D．abandoned
答案与解析：A 上下文语境题。虽然饭店每年都会丢掉大量的食物，但由于垃圾箱被锁(locked)、健康法规或商业政策的限制，大部分被丢弃的食物是不容易获得的。damage损坏；connect连接；abandon抛弃。
8．A.bought B．offered
C．ordered D．sold
答案与解析：B 上下文语境题。只有大约十分之一的地方为他提供了(offered)会丢弃的食物。buy买；order预订；sell卖。
9．A.reasons B．rights
C．fees D．aids
答案与解析：A 下文语境题。根据下文可知，送给别人被丢弃的食物是法律不允许的，因此此处指“出于法律原因(reasons)”。right权利；fee费用；aid援助。
10．A.begging for B．giving away
C．hiding D．causing
答案与解析：B 上下文语境题。大多数饭店都有政策禁止送给(give away)别人被丢弃的食物。beg for乞求；hide隐藏；cause导致，造成。
11．A.did B．kept
C．accepted D．risked
答案与解析：D 上下文语境题。有些人冒着丢掉工作的风险(risk)给“我”食物。do做；keep保持；accept接受。
12．A.hardly B．usually
C．particularly D．merely
答案与解析：C 上下文语境题。特别(particularly)有趣的是，各个城市对Dubanchet事业的态度。hardly几乎不；usually通常；merely仅仅。
13．A.easiest B．nearest
C．biggest D．richest
答案与解析：A 下文语境题。根据后面的while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen可知，前面应该是与最困难的对比，因此柏林是最容易(easiest)得到食物的城市。near距离近的；big大的；rich富裕的。
14．A.work B．shout
C．ask D．jump
答案与解析：C 上下文语境题。在最难获得食物的镇上，他要询问(ask)大约50家不同的商店或餐馆，才能找到食物。work工作；shout大喊；jump跳跃。
15．A.competition B．conversation
C．conflict D．challenge
答案与解析：D 上下文语境题。大约50家商店或餐馆一家家询问有没有食物，对骑行者来说是一个挑战(challenge)。competition竞争；conversation对话；conflict矛盾。
16．A.adequate B．rewarding
C．demanding D．suitable
答案与解析：C 下文语境题。从法国到波兰，对人来讲应该是费力的(demanding)锻炼。adequate充足的；rewarding有益的，值得做的；suitable合适的。
17．A.again B．alone
C．later D．fast
答案与解析：D 上下文语境题。“我”不得不很快(fast)获得食物，因为骑行之后，“我”很累，需要……。again再一次，又一次；alone单独；later后来。
18．A.spirit B．energy
C．time D．effort
答案与解析：B 上文语境题。骑行之后很累，需要补充能量(energy)。spirit精神；time时间；effort努力。
19．A.stomach B．hand
C．pocket D．basket
答案与解析：A 上下文语境题。“我的肚子(stomach)是不是饱了？”这是最重要的，而不是“我”在吃什么。hand手；pocket口袋；basket篮子。
20．A.arrange B．restart
C．report D．finish
答案与解析：D 上下文语境题。他打算在7月中旬完成(finish)他的旅行。arrange安排；restart重新开始；report报道。
Ⅳ.七选五
[2019·辽宁实验中学高一期末]Have you promised that you are going to get healthier? Maybe you want to lose weight, get stronger and have more energy.Maybe you are under the doctor's orders to eat right and take exercise more.__1__.But with so many choices, it can be hard to get started.So here are healthy tips that you can follow.
Eat right.Healthy eating is harder than before.Now many supermarkets or restaurants are packed with unhealthy choices that cause weight gain and weaken energy.Over time, making poor food choices can cause illness.__2__.Eat natural and organic foods as often as possible.Cut out the junk food.
Keep healthy.__3__.So take exercise at once. Once you get started, you will be more likely to stick to it.
Reduce stress.It is said that in the US, about 77% of the people often experience physical stress.__4__.You can manage stress by taking exercise, getting enough rest and cleaning bad relationships from your life.
__5__.Sure, some people are naturally happier than others.But there are things you can consciously do to be happier.And guess what, they are all free.So if you want to be happier, there are a few things to do, for example, express thanks, help others, or meditate.
A．Sleep well
B．Choose happiness
C．Well, those all sound great
D．But you don't have to be concerned about it
E．That is not a group you want to be a part of
F．So tell someone you love how you feel about them
G．People who often take exercise are generally happier and healthier than people who don't
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了使自己更加健康的几种方法。
1．答案与解析：C 前一句提到医生关于正确饮食和多锻炼的忠告，后一句提到面对那么多选择，我们往往很难开始实践。因此，此空的内容是对前一句医生的那些忠告进行的一个评价，故选C。
2．答案与解析：D 这一段讲的是“正确饮食”，提到现在超市和餐馆里的食品很难让人有正确的选择，而长期不当的选择又会导致疾病。对于这样的问题，我们很难解决，于是作者给出了自己的建议：不必担心此事，尽量吃自然的和有机的食物就可以了，故选D。
3．答案与解析：G 这一段介绍的是锻炼和身体健康的关系。在所有的选项中只有G项提到了锻炼和健康的关系。这里强调的是锻炼会让人更加健康和快乐，故选G。
4．答案与解析：E 这一段介绍减少压力对健康的重要性。作者认为，你若不想成为其中的一员，就要通过锻炼等方式来减压，故选E。
5．答案与解析：B 这一段介绍的是快乐和健康的关系，并提出了如何成为一个更加快乐的人，故选B。
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(共48张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
课时作业2
Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.选词并用适当形式填空：be able to, dare, have to, had better, need
1．She dare not go out alone at night as a timid girl.
2．It's quite warm here so we need not turn the heating on.
3．You had_better arrive early so that you will not miss anything.
4．He had_to walk home yesterday because his car broke down.
5．Neither my wife nor I am_able_to persuade my daughter to change her mind now.
6．He was_able_to play the piano when he was 5 years old.
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．[2017·天津卷]My room is a mess, but I needn't_clean_it (没必要打扫它)before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.
2．Everyone in the office complains that he smells awful, but nobody dares_(to)_mention_it_to_him (敢跟他说)．
3．I will_be_able_to_speak German (将会说德语) in another two months.
4．You had_better_go_home (最好回家) now before the rain starts.
5．I have_to_admit (不得不承认), the idea of marriage scares me.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
[2019·山东期中]A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night's sleep.But now a study has found it does help people nod off(打瞌睡)—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proved to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.
Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cow milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who have trouble falling asleep at night.
Previous(以前的) studies have also shown that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了夜间挤的牛奶和睡眠的关系。夜间挤的牛奶包含更多的褪黑激素，这种物质可以帮助睡眠。
1．According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk ________.
A．started sleep more easily B．were more anxious
C．were less active D．woke up later
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第四段“Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime...”可知，喂夜间挤的牛奶的那些老鼠比喂白天挤的牛奶的老鼠活跃性要低，焦虑也少。故喂白天挤的牛奶的老鼠更焦虑，故选B。
2．Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?
A．It's been tested on mice for ten years.
B．It can make people more energetic.
C．It exists in milk in great amount.
D．It's used in sleeping drugs.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who have trouble falling asleep at night”可知， melatonin可以用于睡眠药物，故选D项。
3．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Night Milk and Sleep
B．Fat, Sugar and Health
C．An Experiment on Mice
D．Milk Drinking and Health
答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文讲的是晚上挤的牛奶与睡眠的关系，故A项符合题意。
4．How does the author support the theme of the text?
A．By giving examples.
B．By stating arguments.
C．By explaining statistical data.
D．By providing research results.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But now a study has found it does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.”可知，作者接下来详细介绍了此次研究的过程与结果；最后一段还交代了以前的研究结果。故作者是通过提供研究结果来支持文章主题的，故选D。
Ⅳ.完形填空
[2019·河北月考]At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds.I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to __1__ bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate.Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of __2__but nothing worked.I came to believe that I could do nothing about my __3__.
When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me __4__.I didn't want to live the rest of my life with this __5__ weight any more.
That year, I __6__ a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.A seminar leader shared her __7__ story—she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25, 000 for homeless children.
__8__ by her story, I created the As We Heal, the World Heals __9__.My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50, 000 __10__ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world __11__ me as the perfect solution.
__12__ I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would __13__ the same difficulties that beat me before.While the __14__ hung over my head, there were also signs that I was headed down the right __15__.I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project.It worked perfectly.Donations began __16__ in from hundreds of people.
Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight.I consulted with a physician, I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and __17__ meals.My fund?raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise __18__.
A year later, I __19__ my goal：I lost 150 pounds and raised $50, 000！I feel that I've been given a second life to devote to something that is __20__ and enormous.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己深受体重的困扰，后来决心改变自己，通过创办一个项目，在使自己的体重降下来的同时，还募集了很多资金，帮助了别人。
1．A.add B．mix
C．kill D．share
答案与解析：C 考查动词。根据下文中的“to make myself feel better”可知，此处应填kill，表示“用食物来消除负面情绪(kill bad feelings)”。
2．A.diets B．drinks
C．fruits D．dishes
答案与解析：A 考查名词。根据上文提到的“I weighed 370 pounds”以及food, health可知，此处是说“我尝试了很多不同的节食(diets)方法”。
3．A.height B．ability
C．wisdom D．weight
答案与解析：D 考查名词。上文提到尝试了很多不同的节食方法，下文接着提到weight problem，所以此处表示“我对自己的体重(weight)束手无策”。height高度；ability能力；wisdom智慧。
4．A.temporarily B．recently
C．seriously D．secretly
答案与解析：C 考查副词。根据后句“I didn't want to live the rest of my life...”可知，体重问题开始严重地(seriously)影响了“我”。temporarily暂时地；recently最近；secretly秘密地。
5．A.ideal B．extra
C．normal D．low
答案与解析：B 考查形容词。此处是说“我不想再带着这些额外的体重度过我的余生”，所以应填extra。ideal理想的；normal正常的；low低的。
6．A.attended B．organized
C．recommended D．mentioned
答案与解析：A 考查动词。根据下文中的“we were asked to...”可知，此处应是“我参加了(attended)一个研讨会”。organize组织；recommend推荐；mention提及。
7．A.folk B．success
C．adventure D．science
答案与解析：B 考查名词。根据下文中的“she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000”可知，分享的应是一个成功(success)故事。
8．A.Surprised B．Amused
C．Influenced D．Disturbed
答案与解析：C 考查动词。根据上下文可知，此处指作者深受影响(influenced), 自己创办了一个项目。surprise使惊讶；amuse逗笑；disturb打扰。
9．A.project B．business
C．system D．custom
答案与解析：A 考查名词。根据上文中的“we were asked to create a project”可知，此处应填project(项目)。business生意；system系统；custom风俗。
10．A.in search of B．in need of
C．in place of D．in support of
答案与解析：D 考查介词短语。用募集到的这5万美元来支持(in support of)一个30年前成立的旨在消除饥饿的运动。in search of寻找；in need of需要；in place of代替。
11．A.scared B．considered
C．confused D．struck
答案与解析：D 考查动词。这种治愈自己与治愈世界的结合，让“我”感到这是一个完美的解决办法。strike突然出现(在脑海里)，strike sb.as sth.意为“给某人以某种印象”。scare吓唬；consider考虑；confuse使困惑。
12．A.As B．Until
C．If D．Unless
答案与解析：A 考查连词。当开始执行自己的个人减肥计划时，“我”充满了恐惧……此处用as引导时间状语从句。
13．A.get over B．run into
C．look for D．put aside
答案与解析：B 考查动词短语，根据空前的fear和空后的“difficulties that beat me before”可知，此处表示“遇到(run into)同样的困难”。get over解决，克服；look for寻找；put aside把……放下，不考虑。
14．A.excitement B．joy
C．anger D．fear
答案与解析：D 考查名词。根据上文中的“I was filled with the fear”可知，此处应填fear。
15．A.row B．hall
C．path D．street
答案与解析：C 考查名词。根据下文中的“It worked perfectly.”可知，在“我”被恐惧笼罩的同时，也有了“我”正朝着正确的轨道(path)前进的迹象。row排，行；hall大厅；street街道。
16．A.breaking B．flooding
C．jumping D．stepping
答案与解析：B 考查动词短语。数百人的捐款如潮水般涌来(flooding in)。break in破门而入；jump in突然插话；step in插手。
17．A.heavy B．full
C．expensive D．healthy
答案与解析：D 考查形容词，“我”也采取了一些切实可行的措施来减肥。“我”咨询内科医生，雇用健身教练，开始吃少量而有益健康的(healthy)食物。heavy重的；full满的；expensive昂贵的。
18．A.regularly B．limitlessly
C．suddenly D．randomly
答案与解析：A 考查副词。“我”对筹款的关注也给了“我”新的动力去经常(regularly)锻炼。limitlessly无限地；suddenly突然；randomly随意地。
19．A.set B．reached
C．missed D．dropped
答案与解析：B 考查动词。联系上文第四段中的“My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000...”和本段中的“...I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000！”可知，“我”实现了(reached)“我”的目标。set树立，创立；miss错过，怀念；drop停止，放弃。
20．A.stressful B．painful
C．meaningful D．peaceful
答案与解析：C 考查形容词。通读整篇文章可知，作者本人通过减肥这件事，身心发生了很大的变化，所以此处是作者的感悟：“我”感觉自己被给予了第二次生命，以致力于做有意义(meaningful)而伟大的事情。stressful充满压力的；painful令人痛苦的；peaceful宁静的。
Ⅴ.语法填空
[2019·浙江6月卷]There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea.First of all, uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they belong to a particular group.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody 1.________ (have) to worry about fashion (时尚)．Everybody wears 2.________ same style of clothes.Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth 3.________ gives off light in the dark.When the children are walking or 4.________ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can 5.________ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer 6.________ this question is not clear.One study in America found that students' grades 7.________ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.But some students didn't want 8.________ (wear) the uniform.Other American studies showed no 9.________ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are 10.________ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy.However, uniforms are still popular.Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了校服受欢迎的原因以及各地校服的特点。
1．答案与解析：has/will have 考查时态和主谓一致。空格前面的从句用了一般现在时，主句应该用一般现在时或者一般将来时。而主句主语nobody是第三人称单数，所以当句子为一般现在时态时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。
2．答案与解析：the 考查定冠词的用法。此处特指校服的款式相同，the same...意为“相同的……”。
3．答案与解析：that/which 考查定语从句的引导词。空格后面的内容用来修饰a piece of cloth，而且引导词在从句中作主语，所以用that或which来引导。
4．答案与解析：cycling 考查现在进行时态。因为连词or前面用的是walking，所以空格处应与之并列，用cycle的?ing形式。
5．答案与解析：easily 考查副词。此处修饰动词see，用easy的副词形式
6．答案与解析：to 考查固定搭配中介词的使用。the answer to...意为“……的答案”。
知识链接：与the answer to类似的结构：
the key to...……的钥匙；……的关键；the entrance to...……的入口；the solution to...……的解决办法；the way to...去……的路；the door to...……的门；the access to...……的通道；……的机会；notes to...……的注释
7．答案与解析：improved 考查时态。主句谓语动词是found，用了一般过去时， 此处时态应该与之保持一致。
8．答案与解析：to wear 考查动词不定式作宾语。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。
9．答案与解析：connection/connections 考查名词。no用来修饰名词，此处用单复数形式均可。
10．答案与解析：traditional 考查形容词。此处形容词作表语，用来说明主语school uniforms的特点。
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Section Ⅲ Developing ideas,
Presenting ideas & Reflection
课时作业3
Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas, Presenting ideas & Reflection
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2019·浙江卷]The students feel that they belong to a particular group.
2．[2019·江苏卷]To enjoy the convenience (convenient) of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
3．[2018·浙江卷]Uncle Paul, my dad's friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
4．[(2018·浙江卷]In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published (publish) in Britain.
5．[2017·天津卷]Driverless cars may end up being (be) a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own.
6．[2017·浙江卷]Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
7．[2016·浙江卷]In other words, gossip is satisfying (satisfy) because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.
8．[2013·山东卷]The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
If you are having trouble falling asleep, you are not alone.About 65% of the Americans say they have sleeping problems, according to a recent study by the National Sleep Foundation.Sleeping too little can lead to a higher risk of becoming overweight and getting depressed (沮丧的)．But before you go to a doctor for advice, you should examine your sleeping habits.The following habits may have something to do with the sleeping problems.
Setting a bright alarm clock (闹钟)．
The light of your bright alarm clock can stop you from falling asleep.You can make your room as dark as possible.Cover the bright light with something or consider changing it for another clock.
Counting sheep.
When you just can't fall asleep, it's useless to stay in bed to count sheep.If you've been trying to fall asleep for more than 30 minutes, the National Sleep Foundation suggests you get up to do some reading or watch TV for a while.Such activities will make you sleepy.Before you know it, you'll be going to bed really tired.
Exercising late at night.
Daytime exercise will keep you full of energy for hours.But it is not a good idea to exercise within three hours of hitting_the_sack.Fierce(剧烈的) physical activity can raise your body temperature and pump your energy level － both are bad for a good night's sleep.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章列举了一些可能导致睡眠问题的几个不好的习惯。
1．What can we learn from the first sentence of the first paragraph?
A．It's not good to get too little sleep at night.
B．Few people have sleeping problems.
C．Some people have sleeping problems.
D．You should find someone to talk to if you can't fall asleep.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。由第一段的第一句“并不只有你一人，有入睡困难的问题。”可知选C。
2．The underlined part “hitting the sack” in the last paragraph means “________”．
A．going back home B．going to bed
C．going to the gym D．falling asleep
答案与解析：B 词义猜测题。最后一段第一句提到白天锻炼能让人精力充沛。由第二句以连词but开始可知，后面和前面是相对的，能够推测到说的是夜晚锻炼对入睡是不利的，特别是在睡觉前三个小时内，故选B。
3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Getting too little sleep can lead to bad results.
B．The bright alarm clock keeps you awake.
C．Exercise late at night can prevent you from falling asleep.
D．Why watching TV and reading books make people sleepy.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。A项内容在第一段提到；B项内容在“The light of your bright alarm clock can stop you from falling asleep.”中提到；C项内容在最后一段中提到；D项内容在文章中只提到了这种现象，没有提到具体的原因，故选D。
4．What does the writer mainly want to tell us by writing the passage?
A．People may solve their sleeping problems by kicking some habits.
B．How to enjoy a good night's sleep.
C．Sleeping problems are troubling more and more people.
D．Why so many people can't sleep well at night.
答案与解析：A 主旨大意题。第一段最后两句讲的是睡眠问题的产生可能与自己的生活习惯有关系，随后列举了三个导致入睡困难的生活习惯。如果改掉这些习惯，睡眠问题或许能够解决，故选A。
B
[2019·河北高一期末]Public Health England (PHE) is targeting pizzas, ready meals, ready meat and takeaways.The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.
It is all part of an effort to cut calorie(卡路里 ) intake by 20% by 2024.The target will point to 13 different food groups, which are equal to about a fifth of the calorie taken by children.If action is not taken, PHE said, it would be prepared to ask the government to pass laws.
PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties.The government is also organizing a program encouraging adults to consume(吃) 400 calories at breakfast and 600 each at lunch and dinner.
At present, adults consume between 200 and 300 calories more than they should each day.PHE chief nutritionist Dr.Alison Tedstone said the 400?600?600 tip would make it easier for people to make healthier choices by being able to judge what they should eat in each sitting.
How many calories should we eat? It is suggested that women eat no more than 2, 000 calories a day, while men should limit their intake to 2, 500.For children, it depends on age.A four?year?old should consume no more than 1, 300, while for teens aged 17 and 18, it is about 3, 000, but overweight children are eating up to 500 calories more than that.
Prof Russell Viner, of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, said it was a necessary move.He said, “Over the past 40 years, there had been a slow growth in food sizes, with pizzas and hamburgers simply much bigger than they were in our parents' time.” The convenience of fast food at pocket money prices and the advertisement of unhealthy food and drinks to children add to the problem.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了英国公共卫生部门要求食品行业开始使用更健康的食品，并鼓励公众选择低卡路里食物。
5．What does the underlined word “opt” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Choose. B．Sell.
C．Refuse. D．Inspect.
答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。由画线词所在的句子“The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.”可知，政府还要求食品行业开始使用更健康的食品，并鼓励公众选择低热量的食品。故可猜测opt意为“选择”。choose意为“选择”；sell意为“销售”；refuse意为“拒绝”；inspect意为“检查”，故答案选A。
6．What will happen to a company if it encourages high calorie foods?
A．It will be punished by customers.
B．It will be forced to stop producing foods.
C．It will be punished by Public Health England.
D．It will be asked to throw away all the food.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。由第三段第一句“PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties.”可知，如果一家公司鼓励高热量食品，它将受到英国公共卫生部门的惩罚，故答案选C。
7．What can be learned from the text?
A．The government has passed laws about using healthier food.
B．PHE is concerned about the British health problems.
C．Men should eat no more than 2, 000 calories.
D．Hamburgers are not bigger than before.
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。由文章内容可知英国公共卫生部门很关注英国人的健康问题，故答案选B。
Ⅲ.完形填空
[2019·黑龙江大庆铁人中学高一期中]My mother and I started our morning by rushing into the local grocery store.I waited in line at the Starbucks counter while she __1__ around to pick up a few things.
As I was __2__ there I noticed an elderly woman, wearing layers (层) __3__ layers of old torn clothing, moving behind me in line.
She had a few toiletries (化妆品) and seemed to want the Starbucks cashier to __4__ since our queue was shorter than the grocery store queues were.
At some point I became __5__ of her moving closer behind me—it was __6__ than I was comfortable with! I instinctively (本能地 ) __7__ a hand over my purse and drew it closer to me.My fear and imagination raced creating a wild __8__ about this homeless woman who might try to __9__ from me.
Then it was my __10__ to order.As the cashier rang up my total, I discovered I was 37 cents __11__.I called to my mother but she was hard of hearing.She asked me to __12__ what I said but she still couldn't __13__ me out.
At that point, a long gray arm, with __14__ in its sleeves, __15__ over from behind me.She laid 37 cents out on the counter, saying, “Here.We all need some __16__ sometimes.”
I was __17__！ Here was a woman who clearly had very little to __18__ and was in great need herself.I had judged her __19__and she had reached out, voluntarily, to help me!
What an amazing gift and a lesson this woman gave me about __20__ others.Thank you, God!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过自身的故事告诉我们不可以貌取人。
1．A.traveled B．shopped
C．flew D．searched
答案与解析：B 前面已经提到the local grocery store, “我”在星巴克柜台排队等候，而她四处转转选了几样东西。根据句意知选B。
2．A.sitting B．lying
C．resting D．standing
答案与解析：D 根据语境，应该是“当我站在那儿的时候，我注意到了一个老太太”，故选D。
3．A.upon B．after
C．of D．in
答案与解析：A upon指的是“在……上”。layers upon layers指老太太的衣服穿了一层又一层。根据句意选A。
4．A.ring up B．make up
C．put up D．take up
答案与解析：A ring up意为“用收银机记录(收入的钱)”，这里指星巴克收银员用收银机记录(收入的钱)，根据句意选A。
5．A.ashamed B．afraid
C．aware D．embarrassed
答案与解析：C become aware of意为“知道，意识到”。在某一时刻，“我”意识到她在“我”后面更加靠近，根据句意选C。
6．A.further B．slower
C．quicker D．closer
答案与解析：D 根据前面的“At some point I became ______ of her moving closer behind me...”可以得出答案。这里指靠得很近以至于让“我”感到不舒服。故选D。
7．A.hid B．placed
C．cleaned D．opened
答案与解析：B 这里指“我”本能地摸了摸“我”的钱包，故选B。
8．A.joke B．story
C．lie D．problem
答案与解析：B 句意：我的恐惧和想象力让“我”产生了她要偷“我”钱包的想法。根据语境选B。
9．A.take B．catch
C．steal D．pick
答案与解析：C 这里指作者在想：她可能试图偷我的钱包，故选C。
10．A.turn B．advice
C．decision D．hope
答案与解析：A It's one's turn to do sth.意为“轮到某人做某事”。故选A。
11．A.lost B．short
C．missing D．enough
答案与解析：B 此处指营业员结账的时候，“我”发现还差(short)37美分，故选B。
12．A.replay B．rewrite
C．repeat D．record
答案与解析：C 前面提到作者母亲听力有障碍，所以她要求“我”重复“我”所说的话，故选C。
13．A.break B．put
C．drop D．make
答案与解析：D make out意为“理解”。句意：她让我重复我说的话，但她仍然听不清楚。根据句意选D。
14．A.designs B．colors
C．lines D．holes
答案与解析：D 句意：在那时，一个灰色的长手臂，袖子上有好多洞……，根据句意应选D。
15．A.pushed B．threw
C．stopped D．reached
答案与解析：D reach over意为“伸手拿”。这里指那个老太太从“我”后面伸出手来，故选D。
16．A.care B．concern
C．help D．attitude
答案与解析：C 句意：给你，有时候我们都需要一些帮助。故选C。
17．A.frightened B．shocked
C．encouraged D．excited
答案与解析：B 根据上下文来看，作者一直看不起这个老太太，所以此时此刻这个老太太的行为使作者很震惊，故选B。
18．A.give B．send
C．report D．take
答案与解析：A give给予；send送；report报道；take拿。句意：很明显，这个老太太能给予的并不多，而且这些对她来说更为需要。根据句意选A。
19．A.wrongly B．naturally
C．sharply D．clearly
答案与解析：A 这里指作者错误地判断。根据句意选A。
20．A.offering B．accepting
C．judging D．thanking
答案与解析：C 此处表示这个老太太在如何评判别人方面给“我”上了一课。根据句意选C。
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单元写作
如何保持健康
假设你是李华，针对目前中学生存在的不良饮食习惯，你们学校将举行以“How to Eat in a Healthy Way”为题的演讲比赛，请你准备一篇80词左右的演讲稿。
注意：开头结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
As we all know, we are what we eat.Therefore, it's very important for us to develop healthy eating habits.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
That's all.Thank you!
步骤一：审题构思——分析透彻是前提
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为演讲稿。
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称为第一、第三人称。
3．确定时态：以一般现在时为主。
二、构思
第一段：说明健康饮食的重要性以及目前存在的问题。
第二段：列举应该如何健康饮食。
第三段：发表个人观点。
步骤二：精挑细选——核心词汇想周全
1.important 重要的
2.common 普遍的，共同的
3.habit 习惯
4.breakfast 早餐
5.particular 挑剔的
6.harm 害处
7.various 各种各样的
8.include 包括
9.strong 强壮的
10.energy 精力
步骤三：遣词造句——由词扩句雏形现
1.众所周知，食物塑造了我们。(表语从句)
As_we_all_know,_we_are_what_we_eat.
2.对于我们来说养成健康的饮食习惯是非常重要的。(it作形式主语)
It's_very_important_for_us_to_develop_healthy_eating_habits.
3.不良的饮食习惯在我们学生中仍然很常见。(同位语结构)
Bad_eating_habits_are_still_very_common_among_us__students.
4.我们中的一些人经常不吃早餐就上学。(without结构)
Some_of_us_often_go_to_school_without_breakfast.
5.所有这些坏习惯肯定会损害我们的健康。(主谓宾结构)
All_these_bad_habits_will_surely_do_harm_to_our__health.
6.为了保持健康，我们应该有各种各样的健康饮食。(不定式短语作目的状语)
To_keep_fit,_we_should_have_various_healthy_diets.
7.健康饮食通常包括适量的鱼、肉、蔬菜、水果以及主食。(主谓宾结构)
Healthy_diets_generally_include_proper_amounts_of_fish,_meat,_vegetables,_fruit_as_well_as_main_food.
8.我们最好规律饮食。(主谓宾结构)
We'd_better_have_meals_regularly.
9.我们应该努力养成健康的饮食习惯以炼就强壮的身体。(不定式短语作目的状语)
We_should_try_to_develop_healthy_eating_habits_to___build_up_a_strong_body.
10.只有这样我们才能有足够的精力更好地学习。(only位于句首的倒装结构)
Only_in_this_way_can_we_have_enough_energy_to__study_better.
步骤四：斟酌打磨——句式升级造亮点
将6、7句合并为复合句
To_keep_fit,_we_should_have_various_healthy_diets,_which_generally_include_proper_amounts_of_fish,_meat,_vegetables,_fruit_as_well_as_main_food.
步骤五：连句成文——逻辑衔接连成篇
Dear friends,
As we all know, we are what we eat.Therefore, it's very important for us to develop healthy eating habits.However, bad eating habits are still very common among us students.Some of us often go to school without breakfast; some others are particular about food...All these bad habits will surely do harm to our health.
To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as main food.Besides, we'd better have meals regularly.
In my opinion, we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body.Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.
That's all.Thank you!
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