(共55张PPT)
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
课时作业7
Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2018·江苏卷]It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables，” given that they're profitable.
2．Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.
3．Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment (equip)with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.
4．But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid?1980s.
5．They help the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infections.
6．To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing (represent)one person.
7．On a daily basis, she reminded me that life goes on.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
Many places around the world host marathons that aim to provide their runners with a special experience. If you're planning to run a race, check out some of these beautiful marathon destinations.
Inca Trail Marathon
Are you up for a challenge? Hosted at Cusco, Peru, the Inca Trail Marathon is regarded as one of the most difficult marathons in the world. With Cusco's rich history of being once the capital of the Inca Empire, participants can explore several ancient archeological sites. During the run, participants will get to see the surprising landscape of the “Lost City of the Incas”， Machu Picchu, and the Sacred Valley.
Athens Marathon
Held in Greece, the Athens Marathon is perfect for those of you who are interested in history, mythology(神话), and architecture. There are many tourist spots and historic sites to visit like the Parthenon and the Acropolis of Athens. During the race, audience will be cheering on the participants creating an atmosphere similar to the Olympics.
Big Sur International Marathon
Held at Carmel, California, the Big Sur International Marathon is known as the world's largest rural marathon. Before the race, participants generally visit the world?famous Monterey Bay Aquarium (水族馆), which owns rich animals. The Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park is another attraction stretching from 3,000?foot mountain ridges to underwater canyons and rocky seaside cliffs.
Big Five Marathon
Located at Limpopo, South Africa, participants can explore and check out the wildlife of the African savannah. The marathon is held in one of the “Big Five” game reserves in Africa. There are no fences or rivers that separate the runners from the African wildlife. Make sure to keep your mind clear. You might find an elephant or even find yourself running alongside giraffes.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了四个与众不同的马拉松比赛：印加古道马拉松、雅典马拉松、大瑟尔国际马拉松赛和非洲五大猛兽马拉松。
1．What can participants do at the Inca Trail Marathon?
A．They can make the best performance.
B．They can enjoy ancient architecture.
C．They can learn about the Inca Empire.
D．They run through the Sacred Valley.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“With Cusco's rich history of being once the capital of the Inca Empire, participants can explore several ancient archeological sites.”可知，在Inca Trail Marathon上，参赛者可以亲临几个考古遗址，了解印加帝国的历史。
2．What do participants often do before the Big Sur International Marathon starts?
A．They go up 3,000?foot mountain ridges.
B．They see all kinds of sea creatures.
C．They visit underwater canyons.
D．They climb rocky seaside cliffs.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Before the race, participants generally visit the world?famous Monterey Bay Aquarium, which owns rich animals.”可知，比赛前选手通常会参观世界著名的蒙特利湾水族馆。
3．Which are you advised to take part in if you are interested in buildings?
A．The Athens Marathon.
B．The Inca Trail Marathon.
C．The Big Sur International Marathon.
D．The Big Five Marathon.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“...the Athens Marathon is perfect for those of you who are interested in history, mythology, and architecture.”可知，在Athens Marathon中，选手可以了解到历史、神话以及建筑。
4．What should runners do when participating in the Big Five Marathon?
A．Protect the wild animals.
B．Avoid meeting wild animals.
C．Keep watch for wild animals.
D．Be careful not to fall into rivers.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文中最后一段可知，因为Big Five Marathon并没有把选手与野生动物用栅栏隔开，因此选手在奔跑的过程中随时会遇见野生动物，所以选手跑的时候要当心野生动物。
Ⅲ.完形填空
[2019·河南郑州月考]Susan was a shy but clever girl. She __1__ thick glasses, which was often made fun of by her classmates. The __2__ thing was that Lewis had started calling her “Four Eyes”， and the nickname had become very __3__. Now everyone knew her as “Suzy Four Eyes”．
One day, the class went to visit some famous caves. When walking to the caves, Lewis put his right __4__ in a hole and slipped (滑倒). While __5__， he caught Susan, who was walking next to him, and they both fell into the hole.
They __6__ in a dark cave. There was only a ray of light coming from the cave roof. Susan and Lewis shouted for help, __7__ no one came. Sitting together in the cold, dark cave, they__8__ a long night.
The next morning, they still hadn't been __9__. Lewis continued shouting for help, __10__ to look for a way out. But nothing was found.
Hours later, Susan noticed that the light was __11__ into the hole in a straight line. Quickly, she gathered some leaves. __12__ her glasses as a magnifying glass (放大镜), she focused the __13__ onto the leaves until a little flame came out. Lewis watched all this with __14__ and excitement. __15__ the light from fire, they began to explore the cave.
__16__， they found a way out and Lewis gave Susan his sincere thanks. Now he __17__ having named Susan “Four Eyes”， __18__ after seeing that it was her glasses that had __19__ them both. Lewis told everyone what had __20__ and said, “I couldn't have been with a better friend than Laser Light Suzy ！”
And from that day there was no longer any Four Eyes at their school, but Laser Light Suzy instead.
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。Susan戴着眼镜，所以她的同班同学Lewis叫她“四只眼”来嘲笑她。结果在一次探险活动中，正是Susan的眼镜救了他们。
1．A.made B．sold
C．wore D．took
答案与解析：C Susan经常被同班同学嘲笑，因为她戴着(wore)厚厚的眼镜。
2．A.best B．least
C．most D．worst
答案与解析：D 起外号是最糟的(worst)事情。
3．A.funny B．popular
C．interesting D．successful
答案与解析：B 根据下文“Now everyone knew her as ‘Suzy Four Eyes’．”可知，人人皆知她的外号，所以她的外号传开了(popular)。
4．A.foot B．hand
C．fingers D．arm
答案与解析：A Lewis的脚(foot)被洞绊住，滑倒了。
5．A.walking B．jumping
C．falling D．catching
答案与解析：C 根据前面的“Lewis put his right __4__ in a hole and slipped.”可知，此处是指他摔倒(falling)的时候。
6．A.stopped B．landed
C．left D．moved
答案与解析：B 根据上文可知，他们俩掉进洞底，所以是落地了(landed)。
7．A.since B．because
C．but D．so
答案与解析：C 他们呼救但没有人来，上下文是转折关系，所以填but。
8．A.shared B．passed
C．entered D．missed
答案与解析：B 他们掉进洞里出不来，只能在洞里过(passed)夜。
9．A.found B．reached
C．followed D．solved
答案与解析：A 根据下文中继续呼救可知，他们没有被发现(found)。
10．A.failing B．managing
C．trying D．preferring
答案与解析：C 根据下文可知，他试图(trying)找到出去的路。
11．A.growing B．building
C．recovering D．shining
答案与解析：D 根据in a straight line可知，光线照(shining)进洞里。
12．A.Turning B．Knowing
C．Putting D．Using
答案与解析：D Susan用(using)她的眼镜当作放大镜。
13．A.eye B．hole
C．light D．fire
答案与解析：C 根据上文及物理学知识可知，放大镜可以聚焦光线(light)。
14．A.surprise B．sadness
C．patience D．anger
答案与解析：A 他嘲笑的人做出的事情是他想不到的，所以他吃惊(surprise) 地看着。
15．A.For B．With
C．From D．Or
答案与解析：B 此处用with表示手段或工具。
16．A.Strangely B．Suddenly
C．Luckily D．Usually
答案与解析：C 在困境中找到了出路，所以非常幸运(luckily)。
17．A.enjoyed B．remembered
C．forgot D．regretted
答案与解析：D 经过这件事，他很后悔(regretted)叫Susan“四只眼”。
18．A.generally B．especially
C．gradually D．normally
答案与解析：B 尤其(especially)是看到正是她的眼镜救了他们。
19．A.escaped B．organized
C．saved D．kept
答案与解析：C 根据上文可知，他们得救了(saved)。
20．A.happened B．imagined
C．witnessed D．spent
答案与解析：A Lewis告诉每个人发生的(happened)事情。
Ⅳ.七选五
[2019·福建莆田月考]
How to Sleep Better
If you're having trouble getting good sleep through the night (turning, waking up more than once, for example), this text will tell you what you can do to ensure a peaceful night's sleep.
Get up on time. Changing your sleeping time by more than an hour can severely disturb(干扰) your sleep quality. __1__ For example, if you normally wake up at 6 a．m. on weekdays to get to work, you might go to bed around 10 p．m., because that's when you start to feel sleepy, and it's also a good time to ensure 8 hours of sleep. If, on the weekend, you sleep until 9 a．m., you probably won't be able to fall asleep that night until 1 a．m..
__2__ Wait at least three hours after dinner before going to sleep. Digestion (消化) slows down while asleep, and a full stomach may interrupt (打搅) sleep. Similarly, you should avoid going to bed on an empty stomach, as a completely empty stomach may equally disturb your sleeping patterns (模式)．
__3__ Exposure (暴露) to light during the time when you're supposed to be sleeping can disrupt your body's internal clock. Turn your light off, or use a very dim night light. __4__ They include windows, LED clocks, computer lights and cable boxes.
Change your sleeping position. You may think that it's impossible to control what position you sleep in since you don't fully understand what you are doing, but it is possible and it can make a big difference. __5__
A．Try to avoid all sources of light.
B．Keep the room as dark as possible.
C．Make note of unusual circumstances (状况)．
D．Be mindful of what you eat or drink before bed.
E．Sleep is considered to be adequate only when there is no daytime sleepiness.
F．In other words, sudden change of sleeping time will affect your “biological (生物的) clock”．
G．If you wake up in the middle of the night, make an effort to have a comfortable position.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。作者通过这篇文章给出了一些保证良好睡眠的方法和建议。
1．答案与解析：F 本段的标题为“准时起床”。根据上文提到的“Changing your sleeping time by more than an hour can severely disturb your sleep quality.”可知，F项“换句话说，睡眠时间的突然改变会影响你的‘生物钟’”是对上一句的解释。
2．答案与解析：D 根据下文提到的“Wait at least three hours after dinner before going to sleep.”可知，D项“注意睡前吃或喝的东西”可作为该段的标题。
3．答案与解析：B 根据下文提到的“Exposure to light during the time when you're supposed to be sleeping can disrupt your body's internal clock.”可知，光照会打乱你的生物钟，故B项“(当你睡觉时)尽可能保持房间黑暗”可概括本段内容。
4．答案与解析：A 根据上文提到的“Turn your light off, or use a very dim night light.”，再结合下文的“They include windows, LED clocks, computer lights and cable boxes.”可知，空格处表示“尽力避免所有的光源”。
5．答案与解析：G 本段的标题为“改变你的睡姿”。下文叙述睡姿会对你产生很大的影响。G项“如果你在午夜醒来，努力保持一个舒适的姿势”与本段中心词sleeping position意义一致。
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(共38张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Using language
课时作业8
Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Using language
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2019·北京卷]No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved (involve) in various activities on Earth Day.
2．[2019·天津卷]The captain of the ship was advised to turn back due to a sudden heavy storm.
3．[2018·江苏卷]Keep track of children's use of social media.
4．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Whether you're looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.
5．[2018·北京卷]Not everyone acts the same in response (respond)to events, and that is why what triggers (触动) one person may or may not trigger another.
6．For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting your biological clock to the destination's time.
Ⅱ.用括号中动词的适当形式填空
1．[2019·天津卷]I took notes during the meeting, but I haven't had a chance to_write (write) them into a report so far.
2．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]He is the first Chinese citizen to_win (win) this award.
3．[2018·江苏卷]Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to_focus (focus), plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
4．[2018·天津卷]She was too upset to_spend (spend) much time at the real museum.
5．I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to_catch (catch)．
6．Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to_find (find) it didn't fit.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
[2019·浙江余姚中学高一期末]Going to the gym can be something that many people find a tiring experience. For some, there's nothing more boring than running endless miles on a treadmill or doing repeated sets in weight?related exercises. But what if there were a way to ease the boredom of exercise while still getting a good workout？Luckily for us, there's virtual reality (VR虚拟现实)．
Many VR games are played while standing. In order to play properly, the player is forced to move around swinging their arms or using their legs. After an hour of this on a regular enough basis, many people unexpectedly find themselves a little fitter. There are already a number of VR games which result in their player “getting a good sweat on” if played for enough time. For example, there's a first person shooter which forces the player to sidestep, duck and avoid incoming objects.
The potential for VR to help people get fit has been noticed by one company. They want to take the whole experience into the gym. They are making a resistance machine used in combination with a VR headset. Players challenge a virtual opponent in a series of games, which results in a 30?minute full?body workout. However, the cost of the equipment is expensive and there are safety concerns to be worked out, says J．P. Gownder from the consultancy Forrester. So don't hang up your gym shorts (体操短裤) just yet.
Although it's early days, for those of us who struggle to overcome the boredom of exercise, a new solution could be coming. And a world where a person can exercise and have fun at the same time might be something that many people would want — virtual or not.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了既有趣又能保持健康的虚拟现实游戏。
1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Why VR games gain popularity.
B．What equipment VR games need.
C．How VR games keep players healthier.
D．What health conditions VR games require.
答案与解析：C 段落大意题。根据第二段第一、二句“Many VR games are played while standing. In order to play properly, the player is forced to move around swinging their arms or using their legs.”可知，本段主要介绍的是虚拟现实游戏如何使选手更健康。
2．What do we know about the resistance machine?
A．It may be unsafe to use.
B．It must be unfit for outdoor use.
C．It provides weight?related exercise.
D．It involves real?person competition.
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“However, the cost of the equipment is expensive and there are safety concerns to be worked out...”可知，这种器械有安全问题。
3．What is the author's attitude toward VR games?
A．Doubtful. B．Negative.
C．Uncaring. D．Positive.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句“And a world where a person can exercise and have fun at the same time might be something that many people would want — virtual or not.”可知，作者对此持肯定的态度。
Ⅳ.完形填空
At the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris, the sport of canoe racing (划艇比赛) was added to the list of international competitions. The favorite team in the four man canoe __1__ was the United States team. One member of that team was a young man named Bill Havens.
As the __2__ for the Olympics neared, it became clear that Bill's wife would give __3__ to their first child at about the same time, so Bill __4__ himself in a dilemma (左右为难的困境). Should he go to Paris or should he stay at home with his family and __5__ about the Olympics？After all, competing in the Olympics was one of his lifelong __6__.
Bill, after a great deal of thinking, decided to withdraw from the competition.
__7__ it turned out, the United States four?man canoe team won the gold medal in Paris, and Bill's wife was __8__ in giving birth to their child. She was __9__late, in fact, that Bill could have __10__ in the event and returned home in time.
It was a shame, but Bill said that he had no __11__. Bill knew what was the most important to him and he __12__ what he believed was the best. Not everybody has the __13__ of character to say no to something that he or she __14__ wants in order to say yes to something that truly __15__.
There was a(n) __16__ end to Bill's story. The child __17__ born to Bill and his wife was a boy whom they __18__ Frank. Twenty?eight years later, in 1952, Bill __19__ a telegram from Frank. It was sent from Helsinki, Finland, where the 1952 Olympics were being held. The telegram __20__：“Dad, I won. I'm bringing home the gold medal you lost the chance to win while waiting for me to be born.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文中的主人公比尔是一位即将参加奥运会的划艇运动员。为了等待孩子的出生，他放弃了奥运会的参赛权。多年以后，他的儿子弗兰克为他赢得了那枚他原本有机会赢得的金牌。下面让我们一起来阅读这个感人的故事，领悟如何面对生活中的取舍。
1．A.contest B．race
C．sport D．game
答案与解析：B 由前面的canoe racing可确定此处为race。canoe race意为“划艇比赛”。
2．A.year B．deadline
C．time D．chance
答案与解析：C 根据空格后面的动词neared可以看出，此处指“随着奥运会时间的临近”。
3．A.birth B．baby
C．help D．hand
答案与解析：A give birth to为固定短语，表示“生(孩子)”。
4．A.found B．put
C．thought D．trapped
答案与解析：A find oneself in...为习惯搭配，表示“发现自己处于(某种状态)”。
5．A.expect B．compete
C．think D．forget
答案与解析：D A、B两项不能与about搭配。think about意为“考虑”，forget about意为“忘记”。由空格前的“should he stay at home with his family”可知，比尔在犹豫是否应该待在家里陪伴家人，忘记奥运会。
6．A.promises B．dreams
C．journeys D．businesses
答案与解析：B 作为运动员，能参加奥运会一定是他一生的梦想之一。
7．A.What B．As
C．So D．That
答案与解析：B as此处表示“正如”。as it turned out意为“结果是”。
8．A.early B．lucky
C．late D．miserable
答案与解析：C 由后文的“Bill could have __10__ in the event and returned home in time”可以推知，比尔妻子的分娩时间推迟了，也就是“晚了，迟了”。
9．A.very B．too
C．so D．much
答案与解析：C so与该句中的that构成so... that...结构，表示“如此……以至于……”。
10．A.taken B．finished
C．fought D．competed
答案与解析：D compete in表示“参加……比赛”。比尔原本能参加完比赛再回家探望妻子的。
11．A.regrets B．advantages
C．disappointments D．choices
答案与解析：A 结合本句中的It was a shame可以看出，此事在别人看来是一种遗憾。句中的but表明比尔并不后悔。
12．A.did B．paid
C．made D．admitted
答案与解析：A 比尔做了他认为最好的事情。do在此处为实义动词，表示“做”。
13．A.origin B．strength
C．reason D．energy
答案与解析：B origin“起源，源头”；strength“力量”；reason“原因，理由”；energy“精力，能源”。由语境可以看出，能够对自己梦想的事情说不，这需要一个人个性的力量。
14．A.clearly B．truly
C．finally D．seemingly
答案与解析：B clearly“清晰地，明显地”；truly“真正地”；finally“最后，最终”；seemingly“看似”。阅读上文可知，对于比尔来说，参加奥运会是他真正想要做的事情，而在妻子分娩时能陪伴在她的身边对他来说是真正重要的事情。不是每个人都有勇气对自己真正想要的东西说不。truly want“真正想要的”。
15．A.wants B．needs
C．values D．matters
答案与解析：D matter此处为动词，指“要紧，有重大关系”。that truly matters为定语从句，修饰something。对比尔来说，真正重要的事情是能陪在即将分娩的妻子身边。
16．A.expected B．annoying
C．interesting D．disappointing
答案与解析：C 这个故事有一个有趣的结局：在比尔错过参加奥运会的28年后，他的儿子弗兰克为他赢得了那枚他原本有机会赢得的金牌。
17．A.finally B．luckily
C．actually D．gradually
答案与解析：A finally“最终”；luckily“幸运地”；actually“事实上”；gradually“逐渐地”。由前文可知，比尔的儿子推迟了一段时间后才出生，故用finally最恰当。
18．A.named B．marked
C．expected D．loved
答案与解析：A 该句中whom指代前文的boy，即比尔的儿子。他们为孩子取名弗兰克。name作动词时表示“给……取名”。
19．A.sent B．accepted
C．mailed D．received
答案与解析：D 比尔收到了来自儿子弗兰克的电报。accept“接受”，而receive表示“收到”。
20．A.showed B．read
C．told D．wrote
答案与解析：B 表示“……写的是”不用write而用read。
Ⅴ.语法填空
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of 1.________ (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 2.________ (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3.________ (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 4.________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 5.________ possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 6.________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7.________ (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8.________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 9.________ (bring) your work home. It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, 10.________ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。如果在工作中感觉压力很大，你不妨先后退一步，把手头的工作分一下轻重缓急，优先处理最重要的工作，这样你就能获得一种成就感。关于减少工作压力的方法以及工作的技巧，作者还提出了不少建议，大家快读一下吧！
1．答案与解析：greater and连接并列成分，由and后的less可知，空格处也要用形容词的比较级。great的比较级是greater。
2．答案与解析：achievement 介词of后要用名词形式，achieve的名词是achievement。
3．答案与解析：is 单个的动名词短语leaving...作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式，又因为文章主体时态是一般现在时，故填is。
4．答案与解析：on focus on集中于，聚焦于，是固定搭配。句意：我们大多数人在上午比在一天的晚些时候更能集中精力工作。
5．答案与解析：as as... as possible意为“尽可能……”，是固定句式。句意：因此，早点儿开始，在午餐前尽可能高效。
6．答案与解析：studies 谓语动词为show，故空格处应填study的复数形式studies。
7．答案与解析：regularly 空格处修饰动词短语take short breaks，故用副词。regular的副词形式是regularly。
8．答案与解析：a for a while片刻，一会儿，是固定搭配。
9．答案与解析：to bring be likely to do sth.可能做某事。句意：如果你发现在办公室之外有喜欢做的事情，你把工作带回家的可能性就小了。
10．答案与解析：make 分析破折号后的句子结构可知，whatever引导让步状语从句，make sure...部分是主句。这里用动词原形开头构成祈使句。
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Section Ⅲ Developing ideas,
Presenting ideas & Reflection
课时作业9
Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas, Presenting ideas & Reflection
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．[2019·天津3月卷]My fear disappeared (disappear) gradually, and my muscles relaxed.
2．[2019·江苏卷]It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful (power)animal on earth.
3．[2018·江苏卷]Raynor ached (ache) all over and desired a bath.
4．[2018·天津卷]The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to_explore (explore)the outer space.
5．The idea is that white coats are associated with scientists, who are in turn thought to have close attention to detail.
6．She began to host “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to_contribute (contribute) to the cause.
7．California condors (秃鹰) attract researchers' interest because they almost died out in the 1980s.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
[2019·青海西宁四中高一月考]All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy and happy, and to live longer.
Many people like to watch others play games. They buy tickets or turn on their TVs to watch the games. Often they get very excited when “their” player or team wins.
Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for(参加) them. Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers. What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake, whether in China, Egypt or Italy! And think of people in cold countries. Think how many people love to skate or ski(滑雪) in Japan, Norway or Canada.
Some sports or games go back thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese wushu, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. They are about one hundred years old. People are inventing new sports or games all the time. Water?skiing is one of the newest in the family of sports.
People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game together they often become good friends. Sports help to train (培养，训练) a person's character (性格，品格). One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace (胜不骄，败不馁)．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了运动的相关知识、不同运动的起源，并说明了人们喜欢运动的原因，运动还能够促进人与人之间的友谊等。
1．Why do people all over the world enjoy sports?
A．Because they want to keep healthy.
B．Because they are happy.
C．Because they want to live longer.
D．All the above.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy and happy, and to live longer.(全世界的人都喜欢运动，运动帮助人们保持健康、使人们高兴并活得更长久)”可知A、B、C三项都符合，故选D。
2．Some people get excited when they watch a game because ____________.
A．their favorite team wins
B．they win the game
C．they get the good news
D．they can't help themselves
答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“Often they get very excited when ‘their’ player or team wins.”可知，他们最喜欢的运动员或队伍获胜是他们兴奋的原因。
3．Which of the sports has a long history?
A．Water?skiing. B．Basketball.
C．Volleyball. D．Jumping.
答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some sports or games go back thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese wushu, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new.”(一些运动可以追溯到几千年前，像跑或跳。比如中国的武术就有着非常悠久的历史，而篮球和排球就属于很新的运动)可知答案。
4．People from different countries often become friends after a game together because ________.
A．they train their character in the game
B．they understand each other
C．they are friendly to each other
D．they help each other
答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game together they often become good friends.”(来自不同国家的人们或许不能互相理解，但一起比赛之后他们经常会成为好朋友)可推测，在一场比赛后，人们通常就可以相互理解了。
B
[2019·湖南醴陵二中、醴陵四中高一期末]Teenagers' fitness is now a major concern, to which physical exercise is very important. It reduces stress and improves fitness. Exercise makes your body strong, and helps you to keep the right body weight. Sports scientist Dr. Helen Lopez offers the following advice to teenagers：“First, you need to find out your present level of fitness. Then you can design a programme that will help you become healthier.”
Dr. Lopez suggests that there are three levels of fitness that need a change of lifestyle. “Overweight” means that the person gets very little exercise and often has a serious weight problem. “Inactive” means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight. “Active” refers to people who take part in sports and other physical activities, but do not have a high fitness level.
According to Dr. Lopez, overweight teenagers should keep active to keep healthy. “Ride a bike, play volleyball or basketball for a while, and go for a twenty?minute walk each day. All these will help to burn calories.” Inactive teenagers should do similar activities, but add some bending and stretching exercises, such as push?ups and sit?ups, starting with twenty of each a day. “Inactive people can take a little more exercise than overweight people because their bodies are stronger，” said Dr. Lopez. The same principle applies to active teenagers.
Dr. Lopez suggests one hour a week or more on running and other forms of intensive exercise, together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities. “These are really important in order to prevent injuries，” Dr. Lopez said. Some weight?training and other body?strengthening exercises could also be planned in the programme in order to increase the person's strength.
【语篇解读】 在“青少年健康”这个话题上，体育锻炼非常重要。它可以减少压力并改善身体状况。锻炼可使人身体强壮，有助于保持体形。
5．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Active people always have a high fitness level.
B．Overweight people always take more exercise.
C．Inactive teenagers are not seriously overweight.
D．Keeping fit means changing teenagers' lifestyle.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句“‘Inactive’ means that the person does not join in many physical activities, but is not seriously overweight.”可知，C项正确。
6．What kind of exercise can you do in order to prevent injuries?
A．Walking. B．Stretching and bending.
C．Riding. D．Weight?training.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段的第一、二句中“together with fifteen minutes a day spent on stretching and bending activities.‘These are really important in order to prevent injuries，’”可知，伸展和弯腰运动可防止受伤。
7．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Doing exercise B．Teenagers' fitness
C．Different lifestyles D．Overweight teenagers
答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。文章的第一句“Teenagers' fitness is now a major concern, to which physical exercise is very important.”是主题句，由此可知，B项为最佳标题。
Ⅲ.完形填空
[2019·浙江师大附中高一期中]I never thought I would be a “runner”. I was the girl who __1__ slowest in the PE class. A few years ago, I was walking with a group of __2__ in the Race for the Cure, a 5?km race designed to __3__ money for the fight against breast cancer (癌), __4__ one lady caught my __5__.
She was one of the weakest?looking women I've ever seen. She must have been close to seventy years old, __6__ a T?shirt with the word “Survivor”. She was so small that it seemed as if she could even be __7__ by a strong wind. But, she was running. And she was __8__ me and my group of friends. She ran slowly, but __9__ — as if each step pushed her cancer further into her past. Right at that moment, I __10__ that in the next Race for the Cure, I'd be running along with her.
A week later, I found myself in the __11__， running on the treadmill (跑步机). Three minutes after I started, my face was bright red. I felt like my lungs were going to burst. I __12__ slow down to a walk. I thought of the __13__ at the race. I kept it up. I was able to go a little __14__ each time. Three and a half minutes. Four minutes. Five.
A year later, I was __15__ at the Race for the Cure, but this time, I __16__ with the runners. When the race started, the other runners passed me by. I ran forward. I __17__ if I'd be able to do it. But then, I remembered the __18__ woman. I ran as fast as I could until I finally crossed that finishing line. I had just __19__ my first race! I looked down at my legs, amazed. They had done something I'd never thought __20__. I have never felt stronger than at that moment. And I knew that I wanted to do it again.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者被一位女士激发了跑步的兴趣，决定下一年与那位女士一起参加为抗击乳腺癌而募捐的跑步活动。于是作者开始练习跑步，一年之后作者参加了那个跑步活动。这告诉我们“只要坚持，什么事情都有可能”。
1．A.talked B．walked
C．ran D．swam
答案与解析：C 根据上文中runner及下文提到的在体育课上可知，“我”是跑(ran)得最慢的女孩。
2．A.friends B．teachers
C．students D．patients
答案与解析：A 根据下文my group of friends可知，“我”和一群朋友(friends)在散步。
3．A.save B．use
C．make D．raise
答案与解析：D 根据for the fight against breast cancer可知这个跑步活动是为抗击乳腺癌募捐(raise)钱而举行的。
4．A.while B．when
C．until D．before
答案与解析：B 根据上文I was walking可知，用when。be doing sth.... when...意为“……正在做某事，这时……”。
5．A.breath B．hand
C．arm D．eye
答案与解析：D 考查固定搭配及语境理解。catch one's eye引起某人的注意。
6．A.wearing B．holding
C．pulling D．waving
答案与解析：A 根据动宾搭配可知，她穿着(wearing)一件写着Survivor的T恤衫。
7．A.turned down B．turned over
C．taken over D．taken down
答案与解析：B 她是如此瘦小，好像能被强风吹翻(turned over)。turn down拒绝；take over接管；take down取下，记下。
8．A.passing B．watching
C．seeing D．calling
答案与解析：A 根据上文语境可知，她正从“我”和“我”的朋友身边经过(passing)。
9．A.strangely B．determinedly
C．excitedly D．anxiously
答案与解析：B 前后为转折关系，她跑得非常慢，但是非常坚定(determinedly)。
10．A.agreed B．learned
C．decided D．explained
答案与解析：C 从下文作者的行动来看，在那一刻作者决定(decided)下次跑步要跟着她一起跑。
11．A.shop B．street
C．park D．gym
答案与解析：D 根据常识可知，作者是在健身房(gym)的跑步机上跑步。
12．A.had to B．preferred to
C．got to D．liked to
答案与解析：A “我”感觉“我”的肺要爆炸了，所以“我”不得不放慢速度。故选had to(不得不)。
13．A.prize B．survivor
C．plan D．woman
答案与解析：D “我”想起了跑步活动中的那位女士(woman)。
14．A.earlier B．longer
C．harder D．farther
答案与解析：B 根据下文“Three and a half minutes. Four minutes. Five.”可知，“我”坚持下来，每次“我”跑的时间更长(longer)。
【易错项分析】本题容易选D。单独理解本句“I was able to go a little __14__ each time.”我们可能会认为是谈论跑步距离的远近。而下文提到作者在计时，故应是谈论跑步的时间。解完形填空题时，一定要结合上下文语境考虑，避免断章取义。
15．A.even B．again
C．ever D．still
答案与解析：D 结合上文可知一年后“我”还是(still)参加了跑步活动。
16．A.watched B．traveled
C．stood D．waited
答案与解析：C 因为是参加活动，所以作者和选手们站(stood)在一起。
17．A.wandered B．witnessed
C．wished D．wondered
答案与解析：D 联系语境可知，作者想知道(wondered)自己是否能做到。
18．A.kind B．brave
C．generous D．honest
答案与解析：B 根据上文对这位女士的描述“She ran slowly, but determinedly — as if each step pushed her cancer further into her past.”可知，作者想起了那位勇敢的(brave)女士。
19．A.finished B．won
C．entered D．missed
答案与解析：A “我”冲到终点线，终于完成了(finished)“我”的第一次跑步比赛。
20．A.good B．right
C．possible D．necessary
答案与解析：C 根据上文以及amazed可知作者认为自己的两条腿做了自己从来不认为有可能的(possible)事情。
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单元写作
写作五步成文(应用文)
[2018全国卷Ⅲ书面表达]假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括：
1．学校的体育场馆；
2．主要的运动项目；
3．你喜欢的项目。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
步骤一：审题构思——分析透彻是前提
一、审题
1．确定体裁：本文为应用文(介绍学校的体育运动情况)。
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称为第一、三人称。
3．确定时态：以一般现在时为主。
二、构思
第一段：表达心情。
第二段：介绍学校体育运动(体育场，开展的运动，自己喜欢的项目及原因)。
第三段：客套语。
步骤二：精挑细选——核心词汇想周全
1．hear_from 收到……的来信
2．ask..._about 询问……的情况
3．build_up 建成
4．become_a_landmark 成为地标
5．a_wide_range_of_sports 许多体育项目
6．enjoy_great_popularity 很受欢迎
7．be_interested_in 对……感兴趣
8．give_me_strength_to_confront_the_challenges
给我迎接挑战的力量
步骤三：遣词造句——由词扩句雏形现
1．你在上一封信中询问我们学校体育运动的情况。(主谓宾状)
You_asked_me_in_your_last_letter_about_the_physical_exercise_in_our_school.
2．下面的信息可能会给你一个粗略的概况。(主谓间宾直宾)
The_following_information_may_give_you_a_rough_sketch.
3．一个大型新的体育场建成了。(被动语态)
A_big_new_stadium_has_been_built_up.
4．它成为我们学校的新地标。(主系表)
It_has_become_the_new_landmark_in_our_school._
5．此外，随着体育场的建立，可以开展许多体育运动。(被动语态)
Moreover,_with_the_stadium_set_up,_a_wide_range_of_sports_events_are_able_to_be_held.
6．乒乓球、足球和赛跑很受欢迎。(主谓宾)
Ping?pong,_football_as_well_as_running_competitions_enjoy_great_popularity.
7．我对篮球感兴趣。(主系表)
I'm_interested_in_basketball.
8．它给了我迎接生活中挑战的力量。(主谓宾状)
It_has_been_giving_me_strength_to_confront_the_challenges_in_my_life.
步骤四：斟酌打磨——句式升级造亮点
1．用and把第1、2句升级为并列句
You_asked_me_in_your_last_letter_about_the_physical_exercise_in_our_school_and_the_following_information_may_give_you_a_rough_sketch.
2．用which把第3、4句升级为含定语从句的复合句
A_big_new_stadium_has_been_built_up,_which_has_become_the_new_landmark_in_our_school.
3．用of which把第5、6句升级为含非限制性定语从句的复合句
Moreover,_with_the_stadium_set_up,_a_wide_range_of_sports_events_are_able_to_be_held,_of_which_ping?pong,_football_as_well_as_running_competitions_enjoy_great_popularity.
4．用since把第7、8句升级为含原因状语从句的复合句
I'm_interested_in_basketball_since_it_has_been_giving_me_strength_to_confront_the_challenges_in_my_life.
步骤五：连句成文——逻辑衔接连成篇(可能会用到to begin with, moreover, as for me, all in all等词语)
Dear Peter，
I am very delighted to hear from you. You asked me in your last letter about the physical exercise in our school and the following information may give you a rough sketch.
To begin with, a big new stadium has been built up, which has become the new landmark in our school. Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which ping?pong, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity. As for me, I'm interested in basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life.
All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.
Yours，
Li Hua
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