人教版新课标选修六 Unit 4 Global warming 单元综合测评 含答案详解

Unit 4 Global warming
单元综合测评
(时间:100分钟 分值:120分)
选择题部分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
The number of buses, taxis and other vehicles on Kenya’s roads is growing every day. Now, the country’s first electric-powered motorbikes are coming into the market. The bike is designed to cut down on pollution and aimed at low-income communities. Most motorbikes used in Kenya depend on gasoline as fuel, but not this new motorbike.
Three university students developed the new ecotype bike. It catches the sun’s energy, stores it in batteries and uses it to charge the electric motor. Robert Achoge is one of the student inventors. “Our hope is that by the fifth year, we will be able to cover the whole of Kenya with the electric motorcycle so as to conserve the environment and provide affordable transport.”
The students have set up a charging station for the motorbikes in Nairobi. Riders can plug the bikes into any electrical outlet. The small battery can run for 70 kilometres when fully charged. Once the power is used up, the motorbike has to return to the station while another charged battery is connected to the bike. The US African Development Foundation (USADF) is providing finance for two solar-powered charging stations in the Kenyan port of Kisumu.
Each ecotype bike costs about $700. One taxi operator says the new motorbike costs less to operate than that running on traditional gasoline. “When it comes to buying gasoline, there’s no need. It’s basically good for various things. As long as you won’t take quite a heavy load(装载量), you can go with it anywhere. Otherwise, it may break down halfway. But now people still have a preference to the gas-powered bikes.”
A Nairobi dealership is selling the ecotype bikes. Businessman Kennedy Kusimba hopes they will become popular. We also know they are more reliable compared to the gas-powered bikes.
1.What do we know about the ecotype bike?
A.It was developed by the USADF.
B.Its energy comes from the sunlight.
C.It can charge itself while running.
D.It does more harm to the environment.
2.What do people think of the ecotype bike?
A.It’s better not to use it to carry too much.
B.It is a good choice for the long-distance journey.
C.It will take the place of gas-powered bikes soon.
D.It is much more expensive than a traditional motorbike.
3.Where does the text probably come from?
A.A research plan. B.An advertisement.
C.A government report. D.A science magazine.
B
Several years ago, the mayor of Chicago, Illinois, visited Germany, a leader in green roof design. Former Mayor Richard Daley later decided to have vegetation planted on Chicago City Hall. Today, the tops of many other buildings also look like parks. In Canada, the Coast Plaza Hotel in Vancouver has a forest on its roof. New York City has an unusual demonstration farm for hydroponics(水培).The farm is on a boat called the Science Barge. Rainwater and purified river water are used to grow lettuces, tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers. The farm shows the possibilities for designing rooftop systems.
Green roofs are designed to save energy and capture rainwater. Rooftops covered with plants help keep buildings cool. They can extend the life of a roof. And they can reduce water running off into streets and storming water systems.
Experts say green roofs usually do not get much above twenty-seven degrees Celsius. So temperatures might not be a problem for growing. But rooftop gardeners have to be careful not to put too much weight on the roof. This is true whether plants are grown in soil or water.
Earlier in 2008, researchers in Texas reported that green roofs can reduce a building’s air conditioning costs by about one fifth compared to blacktop roofs. But they also reported that not all green roofs perform equally well. They found that designs differ in their ability to keep buildings cool and to capture rainwater. The researchers put experimental roofs on top of metal insulated boxes, to recreate green roof conditions. The study compared products from six companies to help businesses understand how to improve their designs. Each rooftop had sixteen different kinds of plants native to Texas. The researchers said the presence of native plants likely helped all the green roofs capture water better compared to sedums. Sedums are plants that need little water and often are used on green roofs. The native plants could take in more water and release more of it to the atmosphere.
4.The author writes Paragraph 1 to 　　　　. ?
A. tell us what is the green roof design
B. tell us Germany is the country that leads or guides the green roof design
C. introduce some famous hotels in the world
D. lead to the topic of the passage
5.The underlined word “storming” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “　　　　”. ?
A. attacking B.controlling
C.attracting D.managing
6.According to the passage, which conclusion is WRONG?
A. Sometimes green roofs may break down the house.
B. Not all the green roofs can reduce the building’s air conditioning costs equally.
C. Different designs of green roofs have different effects on buildings.
D. Sedums are a kind of plants native to Texas.
C
The Antarctic’s ice-white environment is going green and facing other unexpected threats. Scientists say that as temperatures go up in the polar region, invading (入侵) plants and insects, including the flies, cause a major threat.
More and more of these invaders, in the form of larvae (幼虫) or seeds, are surviving in coastal areas around the South Pole, where the temperature has risen by more than 3℃ over the past three decades. Glaciers have retreated, exposing more land which has been occupied by mosses that have been found to be growing more quickly and thickly than ever before—providing potential green homes for invaders.
“The common house flies are a perfect example of the problem the Antarctic now faces from invading species,” said Dominic Hodgson of the British Antarctic Survey. “It comes in on ships, where it exists in kitchens and then at bases on the continent. It now has an increasing chance of surviving in the Antarctic as it warms up, and that is a worry. Insects like the house flies carry bacteria that could have a deadly effect on native life forms.”
The Antarctic has several native species of insects. Together with its native mosses, these are now coming under the increased threat from three major sources: visiting scientists, increasing numbers of tourists and global warming. However, it is global warming that is the main driver of the greening of the Antarctic.
In 2015, more than 38,000 tourists visited the Antarctic. “These tourists are often very careful about not leaving waste or having mud. But they could carry seeds or larvae on their boots when they set foot on the Antarctic,” said Hodgson.
More and more invasive insects and plants have been found on the Antarctic and have required removal. “The insects and plants that are native to the Antarctic have survived there for thousands of years,” said Hodgson. “We have got to act now if we want to save the environment.”
7.What does the underlined word “mosses” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A kind of plants.
B. House flies.
C. Coastal areas.
D. A kind of animals.
8.What is the main cause of the Antarctic going green?
A. Scientists’ coming.
B. Global warming.
C. A growing number of visitors.
D. The rapid spread of native planting.
9.What do we know about the house flies in the Antarctic?
A. They are native to the Antarctic.
B. They will disappear due to the cold climate.
C. They seriously affected the Antarctic native species.
D. They directly fly to the Antarctic from nearby islands.
10.What’s the best title for the text?
A. The Antarctic is faced with various threats
B. The Antarctic is becoming green and energetic
C. More and more scientists get to explore the Antarctic
D. Global warming has caused the temperature in the Antarctic to rise up
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
However difficult you find it to arrange your time, it will pay off in the long run if you set aside a certain part of the day for study—and stick to it.　11　 But don’t forget to make sure that you have enough time left for recreational activities (娱乐活动) or simply to be with yourself: reading a novel or watching a television programme.?
As part of your weekly schedule, it is also advisable to consider exactly what you have to do in that week, and make sure that you handle the most significant tasks first. 　12　?
On a physical level, make sure you have an area or space for study. 　13　 If you always study in the same place, preferably a room of your own, you will find it easier to adjust mentally to the activity when you enter that area. You should have everything that you might need at hand.?
Make sure that all the physical equipment that you use such as a desk is at good height for you. If you use a personal computer, there are plenty of guidelines available from the movement on angles to lighting.　14　?
If you are working on the topic your teacher has set but finding it hard to concentrate, it may be that you actually need to take your mind right off it for a period of time. 　15　 After a period away from the work, not thinking about it at all, you may return to it refreshed and full of ideas.?
A.Don’t do it just anywhere.
B.It is best to make a weekly schedule.
C.Make use of equipment that is available to you.
D.“Emptying the mind” can work wonders sometimes.
E.Consult these and avoid the typical student aches and pains.
F.It’s easy to read something and then forget where it came from.
G.It’s wise to leave the easier or less urgent areas of your work until later.
Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was in the seventh grade, I was a volunteer at a local hospital in my town.Most of the 　16　 I spent there was with Mr Gillespie.He never had any visitors and nobody seemed to care about his 　17　.?
I spent many days there holding his hand and talking to him, 　18　 anything that needed to be done.He became a close friend of mine, 　19　 he responded with only an occasional squeeze(捏) of my 　20　.Mr Gillespie was in a coma(昏迷).?
I left for a week to vacation with my parents, and when I came back, Mr Gillespie was 　21　.I didn’t have the 　22　 to ask any of the nurses where he was, for fear that they might 　23　 me he had died.?
Several 　24　 later, when I was a senior in high school, I was at the gas station when I noticed a familiar face.When I 　25　 who it was, my eyes filled with tears.He was 　26　! I got up the nerve to ask him if his name was Mr Gillespie. With an uncertain look 　27　 his face, he replied yes.I 　8　 how I knew him and that I had spent many days talking with him in the hospital.His eyes welled up with tears, and he gave me the warmest hug I had ever 　29　.?
He began to tell me that 　30　 he lay there comatose(昏迷的), he could hear me talking to him and could 　31　 me holding his hand the whole time. Mr Gillespie 　32　 believed that it was my voice and 　33 　 that had kept him alive.?
Although I haven’t seen him since, he fills my heart with 　34　 every day.I know that I made a(n) 　35　 between his life and his death.?
16. A.time B.energy C.effort D.money
17. A.interest B.request C.condition D.opinion
18. A.talking about B.looking after
C.pointing out D.helping with
19. A.so that B.even though C.soon after D.as if
20. A.hand B.head C.nose D.arm
21. A.killed B.lost C.gone D.changed
22. A.energy B.chance C.courage D.time
23. A.cheat B.tell C.remind D.warn
24. A.days B.weeks C.months D.years
25. A.recognized B.wondered C.heard D.asked
26. A.well B.alive C.happy D.alone
27. A.at B.on C.behind D.in
28. A.apologized B.remembered C.explained D.admitted
29. A.dreamed B.seen C.wanted D.received
30. A.because B.if C.unless D.although
31. A.notice B.feel C.imagine D.watch
32. A.hardly B.quickly C.firmly D.nearly
33. A.humour B.duty C.touch D.success
34. A.sorrow B.excitement C.regret D.joy
35. A.effort B.wish C.difference D.decision
非选择题部分
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 36. 　　　　they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 37. 　　　　(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000—25,000 polar bears worldwide.?
Modern methods 38. 　　　　tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 39. 　　　　(perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut
40. 　　　　(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 41. 　　　(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 42. 　　　　 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are
43. 　　　　(high) than they actually are. Of 44. 　　　　nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 45. 　　　　(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.?
Ⅳ.写作 (共两节,满分40分)
第一节　应用文写作(满分15分)
全球气候变暖是目前人类面临的最大环境问题。假如你叫李华,请你根据以下提示,给某报社写一篇英语倡议书,为“节能减排”献计献策。
背景:随着经济的发展,更多的温室气体被排放,其中大约70%为二氧化碳(CO2),这也是全球变暖的主要原因之一。
后果:海平面上升;自然灾害频繁。
措施:1.多使用清洁能源,少用煤、油;
2.在可能的情况下以步代车;
3.……
要求:1.短文必须包括以上提到的所有内容要点,可适当发挥;
.词数80左右。
Dear Editor,
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Yours,
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第二节　概要写作(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Nowadays, it is most probable that you have an electronic device loaded with hundreds or even thousands of your favourite songs. At any moment in time, you can fill your headphones with the sounds of a particular song that suits your mood at that exact time.
Music is so common. But have you realized the power of it? Are you getting ready for a big soccer match or do you need to get excited? Maybe some hip hop with a strong beat will do the trick! Besides, you might be ready to study for a big exam the next day. To help you study better, a little bit of Mozart might make you remember things better.
We may all have been moved by particular songs that spoke to us in some situations. But is there any scientific evidence showing that music really has such effect on people? Of course, there is! Scientists have long recognized the power of music. Over the years, many studies have been done to examine in greater depth the nature and extent of the effects music has on people.
For example, scientists at the University of Missouri have found that listening to music can have positive effects on your mood. Their research gives scientific credibility(可靠性)to the behaviour that many people have already experienced on their own: listening to upbeat music can brighten your day and boost your mood.
Other studies have shown that upbeat music isn’t the only type of music that can be helpful, however. When people are sad or have suffered a personal loss, sad music can be helpful because the tone and lyrics of the music can resonate (引起共鸣)with the listeners. Likewise, people under a lot of stress or experiencing upsetting situations can benefit from listening to angry music. Although angry music might not help you if you’re in a normal mood, its tone can benefit you when you are dealing with stressful and upsetting situations.
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单元综合测评参考答案
Ⅰ.第一节
A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,肯尼亚第一辆电动摩托车就要上市了,文章介绍了这种摩托车的优势及缺点,这种摩托车使用太阳能,非常环保但装载量小。
1.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It catches the sun’s energy, stores it in batteries and uses it to charge the electric motor.”可知这种新型的电动摩托车主要使用太阳能。故B项正确。
2.A　 细节理解题。根据第四段第五句“‘…As long as you won’t take quite a heavy load (装载量), you can go with it anywhere…’”可知这种电动摩托车不能装载太重的物品。故A项正确。
3.D　 推理判断题。肯尼亚第一辆电动摩托车就要上市了,本文主要介绍了这种摩托车的优势及缺点,这种摩托车使用太阳能,非常环保但装载量小。本文不可能是广告、研究计划和政府报告,应该是与发明创造相关的科学杂志里的内容。故D项正确。
B
【文章大意】 本文主要介绍了一种新型环保设施——绿色屋顶。
4.D　 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知,第一段通过举例引出“绿色屋顶”的话题,为进一步阐述该话题做准备。
5.A　 词义猜测题。根据句子结构可知,and连接两个并列成分,再根据前面的running off into streets可知这里的storming也用作动词,意为“侵袭”。
6.D　 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“…rooftop gardeners have to be careful not to put too much weight on the roof.”可知A项正确;根据最后一段中的“But they also reported that not all green roofs perform equally well.”可知B项正确;根据最后一段中的“They found that designs differ in their ability to keep buildings cool and to capture rainwater.”可知C项正确;根据最后一段倒数第二、三句可知sedums不是得克萨斯州当地的植被。
C
【文章大意】 由于全球变暖,南极洲面临着各种威胁。其中昆虫和植物入侵对南极洲构成了重大威胁。
7.A　 推理判断题。由第二段“…that have been found to be growing more quickly and thickly than ever before—providing potential green homes for invaders.”可知,……被发现比以往任何时候都生长得更快、更茂密,这为入侵者提供了潜在的绿色家园。由此可推知画线词指的是一种植物。故A选项正确。
8.B　 细节理解题。由第四段“However, it is global warming that is the main driver of the greening of the Antarctic.”可知,全球变暖是南极洲变绿的主要驱动力。所以南极洲变绿的主要原因是全球变暖。故B选项正确。
9.C　 细节理解题。由第三段“‘…Insects like the house flies carry bacteria that could have a deadly effect on native life forms.’”可知,像家蝇这样的昆虫携带的细菌可能会对当地的生命形式产生致命的影响。所以南极洲的家蝇严重影响了南极洲本土的物种。故C选项正确。
10.A　主旨大意题。由第一段“The Antarctic’s ice-white environment is going green and facing other unexpected threats.”可知,南极洲冰雪覆盖的环境正在变绿,并面临着其他意想不到的威胁。短文是按照总分的结构展开的,所以判断出短文的最佳标题为“南极洲面临着各种各样的威胁”。故A选项正确。
第二节
【文章大意】 本文针对如何高效、健康地学习给出了一些建议。
11.B　上文提到如果你每天能坚持留出一些时间来学习,你一定会有所收获,下文提到了周计划表。B项承上启下,说最好是做一个周计划表。
12.G　上文提到你应该先处理最重要的事情,因此把容易的、不紧急的事情放在后面是明智的。
13.A　上文提到应该有一个固定的学习地方,故A项(不要随便找个地方就学习)符合语境。
14.E　上文提到要给自己提供一个舒适的学习环境,要确保桌椅高度、电脑角度、光线等是合适的,对此你要进行相关查阅以避免出现各种常见病痛。
15.D　由上文中的“…take your mind right off it…”和下文中的“…refreshed and full of ideas.”可知,适当地脱离学习是很有用的,故选D项。
Ⅱ.【文章大意】 文章讲述作者在医院做志愿者的时候,曾照顾过一个昏迷的人。在离开一段时间回来时,发现这个人不在了,作者害怕他已经死了,也不敢询问他的情况。但是几年后,他们意外地在加油站见面,Gillespie先生向作者表示感谢,作者也觉得很快乐。
16.A　根据语意可知most of the time表示大多数时间,故选A。
17.C　似乎没人关心他的状况,故选C。
18.D　 这里指帮助他做任何需要做的事情,故选D。
19.B　 “我”跟他成了好朋友,尽管他只靠偶尔捏“我”的手回应“我”,故选B。
20.A　 这里指的是捏“我”的手,故选A。
21.C　 这里指的是当“我”回来的时候他已经不在了,故选C。
22.C　“我”没有勇气问护士他去了哪里,因为“我”怕听到他去世的消息,故选C。
23.B　 “我”怕她们告诉“我”他已经去世了,故选B。
24.D　 由“我”上了高中可知,是几年以后了,故选D。
25.A　 当“我”认出了他是谁,“我”的眼睛充满了泪水,故选A。
26.B　 这里指的是他还活着,故选B。
27.B　 on his face在他的脸上。用介词on,故选B。
28.C　 他并没有见过“我”,所以“我”在解释“我”是如何知道他的,故选C。
29.D　 这是“我”曾经收到的最温暖的拥抱,故选D。
30.D　 他告诉“我”尽管他当时是昏迷的,但他能够听到“我”跟他讲话,故选D。
31.B　 他能感觉到“我”的手在一直握着他的手,故选B。
32.C　 他很坚定地认为是“我”的声音和触摸使他活了下来,故选C。
33.C　 这里指的是触摸他的手,故选C。
34.D　 他使“我”的心每天都充满快乐,故选D。
35.C　 make a difference有影响,起作用。这里表示“我知道是我改变了他的生死”,故选C。
Ⅲ.【文章大意】 本文为科普类说明文。文章向我们介绍了目前北极熊的生存现状。近年来,在人类居住的地方看到北极熊的次数有所增加,这导致人们错误地认为北极熊的数量在增加,可事实并非如此。
36.that　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。
37.poorly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied,故填poorly。
38.of/for　考查介词。此处tracking polar bear populations作modern methods的定语。methods of/for doing sth意为“做某事的方法”。故填of/for。
39.to perform　考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语(主语+be+adj.+to do)。跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代中期开始采用。在如此巨大的区域内持续采用这些方法是很昂贵的。故填to perform。
40.have reported　考查动词时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,句中需用现在完成时。故填have reported。
41.belief　考查词形转换。由其空前的不定冠词和其后that引导的同位语从句可知,空处需填名词形式。故填belief。
42.noting　考查非谓语动词。对此,科学家们的回应是饥饿的北极熊可能正聚集在人类聚居地的周围。note在此处为动词,意为“指出”。介词by后填动名词形式,此处表示主动,故填noting。
43.higher　考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处需用形容词的比较级,故填higher。
44.the　考查定冠词。此处特指“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”。故填定冠词the。
45.are　考查主谓一致和时态。根据three are declining可知six后需用复数形式,时态为一般现在时。故填are。
Ⅳ.第一节
One possible version:
Dear Editor,?
With the development of the economy, more and more greenhouse gases are being discharged into the air.CO2 makes up about 70% of the greenhouse gases, which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming.It has harmful effects, causing the sea level to rise and many natural disasters to strike.
So we must take effective measures to save our planet.Firstly, we should use more clean energy and less coal and oil.Secondly, we should go to work on foot or by bus instead of driving a car if possible.Thirdly, we should plant more trees to beautify and purify the environment, because plants can turn CO2 into oxygen.More importantly, we should form the habit of saving energy in our daily life.
Yours,
Li Hua?
第二节
One possible version:
Nowadays, with modern devices, music to your taste is easily accessible. (要点1) Yet, the power, which might benefit you, is not fully realized. (要点2) Scientists have researched into the nature and extent of music’s effects on humans.(要点3) For instance, scientists at the University of Missouri have proven upbeat music can cheer you up. (要点4) Besides, sad music and angry music have also been found to be helpful.(要点5)