初级中学中考英语介词专题讲解与练习（无答案）

初级中学介词专题讲解与练习
介词是一种虚词,不能独立充当句子成分,需与动词、形容词和名词搭配,才能在句子中充当成分。所以在动词（v），名词（n），形容词（adj）前用哪些介词(pre)是有它的固定搭配的。
一．介词at/ in /on
1.表示时间：
1).表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/ 年龄
at six o’clock at noon at that time
at the moment at the age of at night
2)in表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时)
in the morning/afternoon /evening
in spring /in 2007/in March
in the twenty-first century
in his fifties
3)on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.
On Monday on New Year’s Day
on Sunday morning on a rainy night
on the evening of April 1st ,2007
2表地点:
1)at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置
at the station at the cinema
2)in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里.
in China in the classroom
3)on 指在某物体的表面上.
on the desk
注意:
写街道时,若有门牌号用at ,否则用on / in 都可.
He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street.
二.介词in /on / to 表方位
1.in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系)
Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China .
2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)
Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan .
3.to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)
Japan is _____ the east of China .
三. between / among 在……之间
1.between :指两者之间. 在…….之间.
2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在……之中.
You sit _____ him and me .
The song is popular ______ the students.
四.after / in 在……之后 before / in 在……之前
1. after
1)after + 时间段. 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后, 用于过去时.
2)after 作介词. after doing sth.
2.in +一段时间. 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时.
He came back ______ two days .
He will go home___finishing his homework .
He will come back _____ two days .
3. before 多用于时间点或一件事之前发生，即“先于……;在……之前”
He left the office bofore I got there. I’ll be back before five o’clock.
4. ago 时间段+ ago 表示“多久之前”时态通常用：一般过去时 I met Tom two days ago.
五.with / in / by 表示 “用……”
1.with 表示 “用…” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人体器官.
He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife .
注: with 表伴随, “带有,含有”
He came in _____ a big smile on his face .
2.in表示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.
Can you say it _____English ?
He wrote a letter ____ blue ink .
3.by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法
I study for a test _____ working with a group .
He makes a living ____ selling newspapers .
注意: 同义词组
1).by phone = on the phone
2).by car = in a car
3).in pen = with a pen = with pens
六.across / through / over / by 经过
1.across 指横穿,穿过. 表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.
2.through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.
3.over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.
4.by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.
Can you swim ______ the river ?
the elephant is so big that it can’t go _____ the gate .
I don’t think anyone can jump ___ the fence.
I walked _____ the bank of China yesterday .
七.in front of / in the front of
1.in the front of 表示在…….内部的前面
2.in front of 表示在……外面的前面
There is a desk in _____ front of our classroom .
There is a big tree in _____ front of our classroom.
八．其它介词的用法：
1.at的其它用法.
1).表示 “从事或正在做某事”,其后加的名词往往不加冠词.
She is at work now = She is working now .
2)at表示 “价格或速度”
The train ran at 120 kilometers an hour .
2.in的其它用法:
1)in表示 “在……方面”
词组:do well in = be good at
be weak in
2)in 表示 “穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服.
词组: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服
3)in作副词, “在家” = at home
3.like 的用法:
1).像/和……一样. 常与系动词连用.
词组: look like sound like
2).与what 连用, “是什么样子, 怎样”.
What is he like ? He is kind .
4.off的用法:
1).从……下来, 脱离某物体.
词组: fall off
2). “休假”通常放在时间名词之后.
词组: have +时间+ off
He hasn’t had a night off for two hours .
5.except / besides
1).except 除了…….之外, 都……. . 不包括在范围之内.
注: nothing but … 除了……之外,什么也没有.
2).besides除了……之外,还有…… . 包括在范围之内.
We all went swimming ______ Lucy .
There is _______ a letter in the box .
We study Japanese and French____ English .
6.with / without
1).with具有,含有 反义词: without 没有
词组: with the help of = with one’s help =because of = thanks to
without one’s help
2).without 的用法:
A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物
B).without + doing sth . He left here without____(say ) “Goodbye”to us
C). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句.
If there is no water , we can’t live .= We can’t live ______ _______ .
7.on the tree /in the tree
on the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上.
in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.
There are some apples _____ the tree .
There is a boy ____ the tree.
8.表示 “数量的介词”
about , round around , over
1). about , round around表示 “大约……”
2).over 表示 “超过”= more than.
9.inside / outside
Inside 在……里面 ------反义词:outside在….外面
10.in the wall /on the wall
in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上” on the wall 表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”
九.不用介词的情况:
1).当时间状语为: tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时,不用介词.
What are you going to do tonight ?
2).含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every/each day等时间状语.
He went to Wuhan last week . I drink milk every day.
3).以all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词.
He has worked all day .
4).以some ,any, one 等构成的时间状语前不用介词.
He met a bad man one cold morning. = He met a bad man on a cold morning.
介词巩固练习
一、单项选择题。
( )1. The desks and chairs are made ________ wood.
A. from B. of C. by D. in
( ) 2. China is famous ________ her Great Wall.
A. as B. for C. to D. of
( ) 3. What do you mean ________ saying so?
A. with B. of C. for D. by
( )4. Taiwan is ________ the southeast of China.
A. in B. to C. on D. at
( ) 5. No one can stop her ________ leaving for China.
A. of B. from C. to D. for
( ) 6. The woman ________ a red dress is my aunt.
A. in B. at C. of D. on
( )7. A new bridge was built ________ the river.
A. on B. over C. in D. of
( )8.Yesterday it snowed.Now the roads are covered____snow.
A.with B.by C.for D. of
( ) 9. Poor Tom fell ________ the ladder ________ the ground.
A. off, into B. down, into C. down, onto D. off, onto
( )10. My father has gone to New York. He’ll be back ________ four months.
A. after B. in C. later D. for
( ) 11.Our teachers are not only strict__their work,but also strict___their students.
A.in,with B.with, in C.in,in D.with, with
( ) 12.There is a big lake___the foot ___the mountain.
A.on,to B. of,of C.at ,of D.on, of
( ) 13.The two rooms are___the same size.
A.at B.for C.of D.on
( )14.Mr.Brown sat back___a smile __his face.
A.with ,on B.with,in C.for ,on D.for, in
( ) 15.My uncle lives____105 Beijing Street.
A.on B.at C.to D.in
( ) 16.The plane is flying____the clouds.
A.on B.above C.over D.through
( ) 17.I have a few other friends___you.
A.beside B.expect C.except for D.besides
( ) 18.Hainan Island is ___the south of China.
A.in B.to C.at D. for
( ) 19.It's not an important party,you needn't_____
A.pay for it B.wear it out C.dress up for it D.put on for it
( ) 20. Marx began to learn Russian ________ his fifties.
A. in B. at C. for D. since
( )21. It’s very important ________ me to say something ________ you.
A. for, for B. to, to C. for, to D. to, for
( )22. There is a big hole ______ the front wall and two beautiful pictures ______ the back wall.
A. in, in B. in, on C. on, on D. on, in
( ) 23. The man turned the key ________ the lock and opened the door.
A. to B. in C. on D. with
( )24. The boat is passing ________ the bridge.
A. across B. through C. into D. cross
( ) 25. My room is ________ the second floor.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
( ) 26. Mr. Brown taught English in Japan ________ 1980.
A. for B. since C. in D. at
( ) 27. his special school has had more than 1, 000 students ________ 1990.
A. for B. since C. in D. during
( )28. Bill heard ________ his friends. They told him to study hard.
A. from B. of C. to D. at
( ) 29. Eat ________ your food on the plate.
A. on B. up C. away D. in
( )30. We are leaving ________ London next week.
A. from B. to C. for D. at




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