Unit 1 Helping those in need
getting ready
raise v.筹募 raise money意为“募集钱款”。
The students are raising money for the people who lost homes in the earthquake.
v.增加；提高
How can we raise English levels in a short time? 提高英语水平
【提示】raise是一个及物动词，后可直接跟宾语。其常见的释义和用法还有：
(1)使上升；使升起：We can see soldiers raise the national flag on Tian'anmen Square every morning.
(2)提及；提起：The book raises many questions for readers to think about．
(3)抚养；养育；培养：Father raised the family.
(4)饲养；喂养：I want to raise a dog as my pet．
【辨析】 raise与rise
raise，及物动词，“使上升；使升起”。一般指日常生活中的事物上升。如：举起了杯子、提高了租金.
rise，不及物动词,(rise-rose-risen)。说明一些自然现象的升起。如：日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价以及人的职位等.
【小试】?
I.?用上述动词的正确形式完成下列句子。
He?_________?his?head?to?look at me.?
The?people’s?living?standard?has?greatly?been?______.?
Her?temperature?is?still?______.?
II.?从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。?
The?prices?are?______?fast?these?days.?Nobody?can?get?the?prices?down.
A.?going?down ?B.?rising
C.?raising ???????????D.?brought?down.?
They’ve?______?up?to?20,000yuan?for?the?Hope?Project.?
A.?rose?????????B.?raise????? C.?raised??? ??D.?risen?????
permission n.准许；批准 不可数名词
Jim took the laptop without permission.
ask permission意为“报请批准”。如：
How many times have I reminded you that you need to ask permission first?
我们可以用ask permission to do sth表示“征得同意做某事’．如：
She asked permission to leave work early because her daughter was ill.
give sb. permission to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”，与allow sb. to do something意思相近。
Give yourself permission to take a break, even a little one．
【链接】permit v.允许；准许；使有可能
We hope to visit the school if time permits．如果时间允许
Helping those in need帮助那些有困难的人
in need意为“有困难的”，常位于名词后作后置定语。如：
We are collecting money for families in need.
A friend in need is a friend indeed．（谚语）患难中的朋友才是真正的朋友。
我们用in need of表示“需要……”。如：
The building is in need of repair．
Read three students' reports on their voluntary work.
voluntary work意为“义务性工作”。如：
In her spare time she does voluntary work．她在业余时间做义工。
voluntary为形容词，意为“志愿的；无偿的”。名词形式为volunteer，意为 “志愿者”。
serious adj.严重的
He has a serious illness. There is nothing serious.
Everyone knows how serious the danger is．大家都明白情况有多危险。
【提示】serious还有如下的常见含义及用法：
(1)认真的：He is a serious student and works very hard. 认真
(2)严肃的：Be serious, John! Don't make fun of me. 严肃点，约翰！别拿我开玩笑。
【链接】seriously adv.严重地 He is seriously ill．他病得很重。
illness n.（某种）病, 是可数名词,复数形式为illnesses.
He died of a serious illness．他死于重病。
【辨析】sick与ill
sick
作表语
生病的，恶心的
His wife was sick in bed with a cold.
作定语
生病的
I helped sick children.
ill
作表语
生病的
She has been ill for a month.
organize v.组织；筹备
In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter．复活节
【链接】organization n.组织 organizer n.组织者
pain n.痛苦；苦恼
The death of his father gave him great pain．父亲的死使他很痛苦。
His unkind words caused her much pain．他说话很刻薄，弄得她很难受。
(谚语)No pains, no gains. 没有付出，就没有收获。
【链接】pain n．（身体上的）疼痛 painful adj.痛苦的；苦恼的
lonely adj.孤独的；寂寞的
The darkness makes me feel so lonely.夜色让我如此孤寂。
【比较】lonely与alone
alone
副词。“独自地；单独地”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。
I like to work alone．
形容词。一般与be动词连用，在句中作表语。 She is alone at home．
lonely
lonelier
loneliest
表语。表示“孤独的；寂寞的”之意，带有浓厚的感彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的意思。
I never feel lonely when I am with my friends.
定语。lonely用作定语时，意为“无人烟的；荒凉的；偏僻的”
That's a lonely island．
I was alone but I didn't feel lonely．
(江苏无锡中考)Though his grandmother lives______, she never feels______.
A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely C. alone ; lonely D. lonely; alone
peace n.平静;宁静
I hope to find a little peace of mind.我渴望找寻到一丝内心的平静。
Everything was at peace here.在这里，一切都很平静。
【链接】peaceful adj.平静的；和平的 peacefully adv. 平静地;和平地
hurt v. (hurt，hurt)（使）疼痛；受伤
Jack hurt himself while he was trying to escape from the police．
He hurt his back in an accident．
【提示】动词hurt还有以下一些常见的释义和用法：
(1)（身体某部位）感到疼痛：My eyes hurt.
(2)伤害（感情）；使伤心：He is afraid of hurting Betty's feelings.
language points
a child without parents意为“孤儿”，相当于orphan。它是一个介词短语作后置定语的结构，即 without parents作定语修饰名词child。类似的结构还有:
the dogs in danger有危险的狗 families with only one child独生子女家庭
Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.
offer to do something意为“主动提出做某事”。如：
Nick offered to help Jack with his Maths homework.
offer的主要用法有：
offer sth
提出某事
I offered a good plan for our holiday.
offer to do sth
（主动）提出做某事
Tom offered to drive us to the bus station.
offer sb. sth=offer sth to sb.
（主动）给某人提供某物
We should offer others our help.
The children there all suffer from serious illnesses. 那里的孩子都遭受着重病的折磨。
suffer v.（因疾病等）受苦；受折磨
She suffered greatly as a child. 她童年深受苦难。
suffer from意为“因……受苦；受折磨”。如：
Many teenagers are suffering from the computer games.
His child is suffering from a bad cold.
This country often suffers from floods and drought.
I met a girl called Cindy.
句中called Cindy是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a girl,意为“名叫辛迪的”.called也
可用named来代替。
The Kings have a daughter called/named Jessica． (姓金一家)
【拓展】①作定语是过去分词的用法之一，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。
I like the songs sung by Liu Huan．
②过去分词（短语）作定语相当于一个定语从句。
I like the books written by Lu Xun. = I like the books that were written by Lu Xun.
(兰州中考)--What are on show in the museum?
--Some photos ______by the children of Yushu, Qinghai.
A. have been taken B. were taken C. are taken D. taken
This helps them express their feelings.这有助于他们表达自己的情感。
express v.表达；表露
He expressed to us his ideas about the new teacher．他向我们表达了他对新老师的看法。
【提示】当express表示“表达；表露”之意时，通常不接双宾语。如：
他对她表示了他的谢意。
(×) He expressed her his thanks. (√) He expressed his thanks to her.
【链接】expression n.表达;表情
express one's feelings意为“表达某人的情感；抒发某人的感情”。如：
Mother's Day gives people a chance to express their feelings toward their mum．
We spent time with a girl called Vivien.
spend time with意为“与……共度；陪伴”。如：
While in Hawaii，Mr. Hill spent time with his wife．
I spent time with my son and talked to him a lot．
【拓展】【拓展】①spend还可以表示“花费”。
How much money如you spend each week? 你每星期花多少钱？
②常见搭配：
sb. +spend (s)+money/time+(in) doing sth 某人花费金钱／时间做某事
sb.十spend (s)+money/time+ on sth某人在某事／某物上花费金钱／时间
They spend a lot of time watching TV every day.
He doesn't spend much money on food.
(2013．山东潍坊) --Do you often get online?
--Yes. I_______ lots of time on it. It's a good way to kill time.
A. cost B. spend C. take D. use
She needs friendship.
need此处用作 实义动词，意为“需要”，可构成: need sth; need to do sth。
They don't need any help. He needs to have a good rest.
而need doing sth,表示被动意义。 These flowers need watering.
【拓展】need作情态动词时,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
You needn't become very nervous.
--Must I bring my homework now? --No, you needn't. You can bring it tomorrow.
(No, you needn’t. = No, you don’t have to. 不，不必。)
My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien.
continue to do sth意为“继续做某事”。如：
After reading Lesson 9, he continued to read Lesson 10．
Though Peter is very busy, he will continue to help children at the local hospital.
They have difficulty walking or moving.
difficulty n.困难；费劲
difficulty
difficult
adj.困难的
不可数名词 困难；费劲
I had no difficulty (in) learning English．
可数名词 表示具体的困难，意为“难事；难点；困境；难处”
In face of so many difficulties，we were never afraid．
have difficulty (in) doing something表示“做某事有困难”。如：
The students have difficulty (in) understanding the sentence.
若后接名词，则常用have difficulty with sth的结构。如：
Some students in this class have difficulty with English pronunciation．
【拓展】类似的结构还有：
have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有麻烦 have problems (in) doing sth做某事有问题
have fun (in) doing sth做某事有乐趣
(2013．山东聊城)-I have great_____ in finishing the work by myself. Could you help me?
-No problem.
A. fun B. success C. advice D. difficulty
A person with courage is usually not afraid of something dangerous or difficult.
be afraid of意为“害怕，不敢” 后可接名词、代词或动名词。
She is afraid of snakes. I was afraid of going through the woods
【拓展】①be afraid还可按不定式结构，即be afraid to do sth.，意为“害怕做某事”。
He is afraid to go out at night.
② be afraid 还可以接that从句，表示“担心／害怕……”
He was afraid that he would lose.
③I’m afraid… 可翻译成“恐怕……”，属于口语中的委婉用语，表示遗憾、惋惜、判断或
表示因不愿做某事面显得语气缓和些，其否定形式为I’m afraid... not...
I’m afraid that I can't help you.我恐怕不能帮助你。
运用前缀(prefixes)猜词义
大多数形容词前加un-
happy—unhappy lucky—unlucky fortunate—unfortunate fair—unfair
important—unimportant healthy—unhealthy prepared—unprepared
以c-, e-开头的形容词，多加in-：correct—incorrect expensive—inexpensive
definite—indefinite
以p开头的形容词，多加im-：possible—impossible polite—impolite
以r-开头的形容词，多加ir-：regular—irregular
有些形容词加dis-：honest—dishonest
【拓展】含有加前缀构成的反义形容词的句子不属于否定句。在改为反意疑问句时，附加问句部分仍用否定形式。 He is unhappy today, isn’t he?
课堂练习
用新单词完成下面的句子。如有必要,须改变单词的形式。
I hope that our school will _____________ more outings in the future.
We have been friends for nearly ten years. I hope our _____________will last forever.
The doctor said to William's mother, "It isn't a_____________ illness. Give him enough water to drink and soon he will feel better. "
We mustn't laugh at the_____________ and we should try our best to help them.
The manager said to all the staff members, "I will_________ all your salary because you all have
done a good job. "
You have helped me with the project so much. I don't know how to ______________ my thanks.
I don't think I have any _________ in working out the problem. It’s so easy.
You shouldn't touch the machines without my _____________.
If you want to make a public speech, you need not only good English but also _____________. That is to say, you should be brave.
It was raining hard when I left the office. Mr. Smith, my boss, _________me a ride in his car home.
选择适当的词组完成下列句子。如有必要，须改变形式。每个词组仅使用一次。
ask permission raise money in need voluntary work offer to
suffer from spend time with continue to have difficulty raise one's spirits
My grandfather has _______________a serious heart disease for a long time.
My friend____________ drive me to the airport because it was raining hard and I couldn't find a taxi.
The students_____________ completing the project. So most of them asked their parents for help.
I think you need to____________ before you use Wendy's computer.
We should use the money to help those people____________.
I don't want to go to Paris for such a short holiday. I'd rather stay at home and________ my kids.
Cheer up, Simon! Drink a cup of coffee now and it may ____________.
The students at Mayfield School will____________ for the children in Africa next week.
Nowadays, more and more teenagers take part in __________ to help people they don't know at all.
After Judy completed her Maths homework, she ____________ do more Physics exercises.
Reading comprehension．
Dear Kitty,
I am sorry that I did not write to you earlier. I was helping with a charity show because I wanted to raise money for Project Green Hope.
I felt very happy when the organizers chose me to be the host. It was exciting but I was also very nervous because of the TV cameras. I knew that lots of people would watch the show and many famous pop stars would come too.
We started working on the show two months ago. It was my job to introduce each star. I had many other duties too. It was hard work but I was happy.
We practiced a lot before the show. I had to remember to look at the right camera at the right time. At the beginning I thought it would be difficult. Slowly, everything became a little bit easier.
The big day came very fast and suddenly it was the night before the big event. I couldn’t sleep all night because I was so excited.
Twenty minutes before the show, the doors opened and many people came into the theatre. “No time to be nervous any more. This is it.”I told myself. A lot of people came to the show. The fans of the pop stars were making a lot of noise. I had to speak loudly because of the noise.
Everything seemed to be happen so fast and now it is all over. Many people donated money to Project Green Hope. I hope we can have more events like this to raise money for charities.
I hope to see you soon.
Ricky
判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示。
( ) 1. The TV' cameras made Ricky feel nervous.
( ) 2. Ricky started working on the show three months ago.
( ) 3. It was Ricky's job to talk to each star.
( ) 4. Ricky had a lot of things to do.
( ) 5. The doors closed twenty minutes before the show.
( ) 6. Many people gave money to Project Green Hope.
( ) 7. Ricky hopes there will be more charity shows.
根据短文内容，将左右两栏中的句子正确配对。
( ) 1. Ricky helped with the charity show a. he wanted to help raise money for Project
because Green Hope.
( ) 2. The organizers chose Ricky to be the b. they started working on it two months ago.
host of the show and
( ) 3. They needed to practise a lot before c. he could not sleep the night before the
the show so show.
( ) 4. Ricky was worried and afraid d. because of the TV cameras.
( ) 5. Ricky was so excited that e. the noise from the fans.
( ) 6. Ricky had to speak loudly because of f. he felt very happy and nervous as well.
Translation。
我们可以通过唱歌、朗读诗歌来表达我们的感情。(express one's feelings)
__________________________________________________________
萨姆举起手来，想征得允许离开教室。(ask permission to do something)
__________________________________________________________
温迪从自行车上摔了下来，伤到了自己。(hurt)
__________________________________________________________
西蒙的爷爷独自居住，但他从不觉得孤独。(alone, lonely)
__________________________________________________________
她主动提出要帮母亲拿盒子。(offer to do something)
__________________________________________________________
那些青少年正在操场上开心地打着篮球。( teenager)
__________________________________________________________
长期的疾病让他变得很瘦，我都认不出来了。(illness, so…that)
__________________________________________________________
年前她遭遇了车祸，从那以后她经常背疼。(suffer from, pain)
__________________________________________________________
口语技巧——谈论计划与安排
我们可以用am/is/are going to表达确定的打算或意图。如：
She's going to buy a new dress.
Cindy's parents are going to fly home.
我们也可以用am/ is/are planning to表示计划和打算。
We are planning to have a picnic in the forest park this Saturday.
I am planning to teach the children to sing.
我们可以用think of/about表示不确定的意图，即表示有想法，但不一定能实现。
I’m thinking of going to watch a film.
We’re thinking about starting a Music Club.
口语操练：
--What are you going to do on Saturday? --(tidy my room)
definite:
indefinite:
--What are you going to do on Sunday? --(visit my grandmother)
definite:
indefinite:
--What are you going to do next Saturday? –(help mum clean the room)
definite:
indefinite:
Unit 1 Helping those in need
一、知识导航：
知
识
目
标
必记单词
1. raise v. 筹集 raise money=collect money v. 增加，提高 raise one’s voice 提高某人的声音
raise price 提高价格 V. 举起；抬起raise your hand 举手 2. permission=agreement n. 准许，批准 permit v. 许可，准许，默许 permit/allow doing; permit sb to do sth.=allow sb. to do sth 3. disabled adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的 enable v. 使能够 enable sb. To do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事 mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍 4. offer v. 主动提出 offer to do 5. suffer v. （因疾病等）受苦，受折磨 suffer from 因...受苦，受折磨 6. organize v. 组织，筹备 organization n.组织；机构；团体 organizer n. 组织者 7. express v. 表达，表露 expression n. 表情;表达，表示 8. lonely adj. 孤独的，寂寞的 9. difficulty n. 困难，费劲 have difficulty (in) doing sth. in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难
difficult adj. 困难的 10. joy n. 愉快，喜悦 to one’s joy 令人高兴的是，使某人高兴的是enjoy v. 享有，享受;欣赏;喜欢;使过得快活 enjoyable adj. 愉快的 joyful adj. 快乐的，高兴的;令人开心的，使人喜悦的 11. courage n. 勇气；勇敢 encourage v. 鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 encouragement n. 鼓励，激励 12. pay off 偿清（债务）；支付（债务）的全部数额 pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 去参观，拜访 pay for 为……付款
13. teenager n. 青少年 serious adj. 严重的 illness n. （某种）病 ill adj. 生病的；坏的；fall ill 病倒了; feel ill 感觉不舒服; speak ill of sb. 说某人的短处 pain n. 痛苦，苦恼 lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 friendship n. 友谊 peace n. 平静；宁静 peaceful adj. 和平的；爱好和平的；安静的；平静的 hurt v. (使）疼痛，受伤 spirits n. 情绪，心情 community n. 社区
常考短语
ask permission 报请批准 2. voluntary work 义务性工作 volunteer n. 志愿者 voluntary adj. 自愿的；自发的；无偿的 3. in need 需要帮助的 4. suffer from 因...受苦，受折磨 5. raise one’s spirits 使振奋；使鼓起勇气 6. in order to 目的在于，为了 7. give sb. a hand = help sb. 帮助某人 8. take photos of 给...拍照 9. in the future 在将来 10. be afraid of 害怕 11. so that 为的是，以便 12. in hospital 生病住院 13. take part in参加 14. millions of 数百万的 15. because of 因为 16. since then 从那时起 17. close to 靠近
经典句型
1. Cindy is in hospital because she suffered from serious illnesses.
2. They have difficulty walking or moving.
3. Would you like to take part in the competition?
4. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely.
重点语法
动词不定式
教学策略
1. 在教学中以学生为主导，通过学生自己的回忆复习发现其存在的薄弱环节，教师进行针对性的讲解
2. 歌诀助记: 接动词不定式作宾语的动词3. 歌诀助记：need的用法和不定代词的用法
知识技能目标
1. 熟练掌握Unit 1重点单词，短语，句型 2. 掌握动词不定式用法
二、要点全解：
1. raise (v) 筹募 （钱）；增加，提高；举起；提出； 养育(raise = keep 有“饲养，抚养”的意思)
第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising
1. We raised some money for the Project of Hope.
2. If you answer the teacher’s questions, you must raise your hand.
3. The book raises many important questions.
4. The local government raised the price of house.
5. They were both raised in a poor family.
搭配：raise one’s voice 提高嗓门；raise a family 养家糊口；raise money 筹款； raise price 提高价格；
raise one’s spirits 打起精神；raise cattle = keep cattle（饲养牲口）；raise children（抚养孩子）
辨析：raise, rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别:
(1) 这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。
raise是及物动词，其主语通常是人；而rise是不及物动词，其主语通常是物。
例如：The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起，普照大地。
(2) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同, raise是人为增加或提高，而rise是自然增加或提高。
例如：The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。（政府或厂家主动行动）
The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。（市场调节）
2. permission (n.) 允许 = agreement 准许；批准
例如：Without permission, you mustn’t enter the teachers’ office.
同根词：permit v. 许可，准许；默许 permit --- permitted ---- permitted
permit sb. to do sth. = allow sb. to do sth 允许某人做某事
例如: The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.
辨析：permit, allow, let的区别：
permit / allow doing sth. 允许做某事
permit / allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
allow与permit在很多情况下意义是相同的,可换用。但allow侧重听任或默许，即不加阻止，语气较轻；
permit通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许，指给予做某事的权利，如通过法令和正式条文“允许”做某事，语气较重；
let指允许某人做某事，含有不加限制之意，多用于口语中，后面接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
3. I helped sick children. sick adj. 生病的 a sick man/the sick 病人
【辨析】sick and ill：
sick adj. (1)作表语，生病的，恶心的 His wife was sick in bed with a cold.
(2)作定语，生病的 Jack is looking after his sick mother.
ill adj. (1)作表语，生病的 He has been ill for about a month.
(2)作定语，坏的 The ill boy loves playing tricks on his elder brother.
4. I taught disabled children to sing.
disabled 英 [d?s'e?bld] adj.残废的；有缺陷的用作形容词 (adj.)
同根词：disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使无能力；使残废，使伤残
enable v. = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使（某人）能够做某事
teach sb. to do. sth. 教某人做某事
invite sb to do sth（邀请某人做事）, persuade sb to do sth（成功劝说某人做某事）, teach sb to do sth（教某人做某事）, tell sb to do sth（告诉某人做某事）, want sb to do sth（想要某人做某事）, wish sb to do sth（希望某人做某事）
5. Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.
offer to do sth. （主动）提出做某事 Tom offered to drive us to the bus station.
offer sth. 提出某事 He offered a good plan for our holiday.
offer sb. Sth./offer sth. to sb. （主动）给某人提供某物 We should offer others our help.
（1）辨析：provide, offer的区别：
provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用
的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。
offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。
例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。
（2）辨析：during, in与for
during
用于某事是在某一段时间之内发生时，强调动作或状态的持续性
During those three months he asked a lot of questions.
in
一般情况下可与 “during”互换，但表示某一动作发生在某一时间段内时，宜用in
We usually take a holiday in July.
for
用于某事持续多久时
Tom was in school for only three months.
6. The children there all suffer from serious illnesses. suffer(名词）suffering
suffer from sth. 因某事受苦、受折磨，其后常接表示疾病、痛苦、寒冷、饥饿悲伤等的词语
Many teenagers are suffering from the computer games.
suffer (vt.) 和suffer from的区别：suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等，但suffer from指长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。
suffer ：1. 感到疼痛、痛苦 He died very quickly, he didn't suffer much. 他死得很快,没有多少痛苦.
2. 承受,遭受 You must be prepared to suffer consequences. 你要准备承担后果.
suffer from： 1. 患有（疾病等） She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病
2. 为...所苦,因...而吃苦头 I'm suffering from a real lack of time this week. 我这周为时间不够用而苦。
suffer the result /heavy losses /injuries承受结果/遭受大损失/负伤
suffer from headache/illness 遭受头痛/疾病的困扰
7. We taught them to tell stories. tell v. 讲述，告诉 tell stories 讲故事
【辨析】tell, talk, speak, say：
Tell, 告诉，讲述 表示把某件事或某条信息传达给别人，也可以表示“讲故事”，“说谎话”（tell a lie)
Talk, 交谈，谈话 talk to/with sb. 与某人交谈 talk about 谈论
Speak，说，发言 常用来指说某种语言，也可以指发言等 speak English
Say, 说， 强调说的内容
Eg: (1) He likes to tell jokes. (2) The teacher talked to him just now.
(3) He can speak Japanese and Chinese. (4) Can you say it in English?
8. help them express their feeling: 帮助他们表达感受
Help sb do (to do) sth: 帮助某人做某事
E.g.：I always help my mother clean the house on Sundays.
express v. 表达；表露。同根词：expression n. 表现，表示，表达；表情
E.g.：This helps them express their feelings. 这有助于他们表达他们的情感。
She gave expression to her sadness. 她流露出了悲伤之情。
9. We spend time with a girl called Vivien. spend v. 度过，消磨
spend time with sb: 和某人一起, 与某人度过时光； 花费时间和某人在一起；
spend time / money in doing sth: 花费时间/金钱做某事
spend time / money on sth: 花费时间/金钱在某事上
【拓展】四花费（spend, pay, cost, take）的用法：
人+spend (spent) +时间/金钱+ on sth./ (in) doing sth. 人+pay(paid) +钱+for+物
物+cost (cost) +sb. +金钱 It takes (took) sb. some time to do sth.
E.g.：I spent 200 yuan on the bag.= I paid 200 yuan for the bag.= I bought the bag for 200 yuan.
跟踪练习
1. They spend too much time the report.
A. writing B. to write C. on writing D. write
2. --Will you please for my dinner Peter? --Sure!
A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take
3. It will me too much time to read this book.
A. take B. cost C. spend D. pay
4. This science book ____ me a great amount of?money.
A. took B. cost C. used D. spent
5. --The T-shirt looks nice on you! How much does it ____?
--I just _____ ten dollars for it.
A. take; afforded B. cost; paid C. cost; spent D. costs; spend
10. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely.
(1) die v. 死 dying，现在分词 dead adj. 死去的 the dead 死人 death n. 死亡
(2) unhappy adj. 伤心的，不快乐的
【拓展】构词法讲解：前缀
大多数形容词加un- 构成反义词 (un)able, (un)friendly
以c或者e开头的形容词通常加in- 构成形容词 (in)correct, (in)expensive
以p开头的形容词通常加im- 构成形容词 (im)polite, (im)possible
以r开头的形容词通常加ir- 构成形容词 (ir)regular
有些形容词加dis- 构成反义词 (dis)honest
lonely adj. 孤独的，寂寞的 He led a lonely life with few friends.
【辨析】lonely，alone的用法区别：
【一言辨异】 I was travelling alone in the lonely mountain. I didn’t feel lonely though I was alone.
lonely
形容词
表语
孤独的；寂寞的
定语
偏僻的；荒凉的
alone
形容词
表语
孤单的；孤独的
副词
状语
单独地；独自地
跟踪练习：
Though his grandparent lives____, he never feel _____.
A. alone; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. lonely; alone
11. She needs friendship.
need: 此处为实义动词，意为“需要”。后面可接名词、代词或动词不定式。
E.g.: They don’t need any help. / He needs to have a good rest.
【注意】need后接动词-ing形式时表示被动意义。 The flowers need watering.
【拓展】need 作情态动词时，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
You needn’t become very nervous.
Must I bring my homework now? – No, you needn’t. You can bring it tomorrow.
Need 的用法总结
实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。Need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。
情态动词表“需要”，没有时态、数、人称。其后直接跟动词，用于疑问和否定。
12. My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien.
Continue vt. continue to do/continue doing 继续做某事 They continued to read/reading the book.
vi. 继续，连续，延伸 The snow continued for two days.
continue with sth. 使某事物继续存在或不断发生 You can continue with your work.
13. They have difficulty walking or moving.
have difficulty (in) doing/have difficulty with sth.
I have difficulty in (solving) the problem.
【拓展】have trouble (in) doing 做某事有麻烦;
have problems (in) doing 做某事有问题;
have fun (in) doing 做某事有乐趣
跟踪练习
I have great trouble in ____________(finish) the work by myself. Could you help me?
14. I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace.
bring: 及物动词，意为“带来”。
【辨析】bring, take, get, carry
bring
从某处将某人或某物“带来”，后面常接双宾语
→来
Remember to bring me the pictures.
take
将某人或某物从说话人处“带到”另一处
去→
I won’t take you there.
get
去某处将某人或某物“带到”说话人处
去
来
Please get some paper for me.
carry
强调“负重”或“搬运”
无
He carried a baby on his back.
跟踪练习 Please ______ the book to Mr. Black when you go to see him, OK?
A. take B. bring C. get D. carry
15. We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits.
like 介词，像 Teenagers want to be famous like Liu Xiang.
look like 看起来像; sound like 听起来像; feel like doing想做某事
动词，喜欢 like doing/like to do
16. I will continue to do voluntary work in the future.
in the future在将来 in future=from now on从今以后
17. in good health 身体健康 healthy adj.
18. A person with courage is usually not afraid of something dangerous or difficult.
（1）courage n. 勇气；勇敢 He showed great courage and determination. 他表现得十分勇敢和果断。
同根词：encourage v. 鼓励，鼓舞；支持；促进；鼓动
My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud. 我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。
（2）be afraid of: 害怕。。。
19. make friends with sb. 和...交朋友；exchange seats 交换座位; shake hands with... 与...握手; take turns to do轮流做某事
20. He used to love sports until he hurt his legs in an a accident.
(1) Until 直到...的时候，直到...为止，一般可与 “till”替换（not…until：直到。。。才）
We walked until it got dark. The supermarket is open until at 9 .
The little girl didn’t stop crying until she saw her mother.
(2) hurt v. = injure 使疼痛；受伤
Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has lots of courage. 提姆在一次事故中伤了腿，但他很勇敢。
同根词：hurt adj. 受伤的；痛苦的；（受）损坏的
They did not seem to be badly hurt. 他们看起来没有受重伤。
搭配：hurt oneself 受伤 Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？
跟踪练习Tigers wait _____ it is dark, and then go out to find their food.
A. since B. until C. as D. because
21. Thanks for your help. Thanks / Thank you for doing/sth.
22. I am thinking about playing tennis.
think about 考虑，想; think of 想，想起，认为; think over 认真考虑，仔细考虑
E.g.: He is thinking about a problem.
The old picture made me think of my childhood./What do you think of the book?
Think over the question before you answer it./ Let me think it over.
23. be able to do 不能做某事 / be unable to do能够做某事
24. Eight-three per cent/percent of them were girls.
E.g.: Thirty per cent of students in our class take buses to school.
In China, seventy percent of drinking water is from groundwater.
25. Because of this, the CCTF launched the Spring Bud Projects to help them.
Because of由于，因为
【辨析】because of， because
Because of + 名词、代词、动名词 He didn’t pass the exam because of his carelessness. =
Because + 句子 He didn’t pass the exam because he was careless.
26. Since then, the project has helped millions of girls return to school. Return， 回来；返回
since then, 从那时起，常用于现在完成时
return to回到...; return from.从...回来;
return=giveback I borrowed a book from the school library, I haven’t returned it yet.
27. Now I work as a teacher at a Spring Bud school here in Guangxi. as 介词，作为
as 介词，作为，He came to China as a tourist five years ago.
副词，同样地，通常用于as...as句型中， He is as old as me.
连词，像...一样，按照，如同；当时 Do as I do. I saw him as he was getting off the bus.
28. interview sb. 采访某人；have an interview with sb. 采访某人，和某人交谈
三、语法专项：动词不定式的用法。
1. 基本结构：to + 动词原形（有时可省略to） not to + 动词原形（否定形式）
2. 可在句子中充当成分：主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
3. 主要用法归纳：
（1）作宾语：常作及物动词的宾语。常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：want, wish, hope, manage, pretend, decide, learn, agree, expect, demand, long, ask, care, choose, dare, fail, offer, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, desire, happen, appear, intend, like等。
接动词不定式作宾语的动词
想要拒绝莫忘记(want, refuse, forget)
需要努力就学习(need, try, learn)
喜欢同意加帮助(like, agree, help)
希望决定后开始(hope, decide, begin, start)
【拓展】 A. 当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后接宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后。 I find it difficult to learn Japanese well.
B. 当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to.
He began to read and write after dinner.
（2）作宾语补足语：动词不定式做作宾语补足语，放在宾语后面，表示宾语时什么或怎么样。常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, like, love, hate, would like, order, teach, want, wish, advise等。
ask sb to do sth 让某人做某事 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
【拓展】 动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to，在被动语态中应加上to。
I saw Li Lei fall down from his bike. / The boss made the workers work over ten hours a day in the past.
这些动词可归纳为:“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)(即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无)”。
记忆口诀：“感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。”
（3）作目的状语：动词不定式表目的时，可放在句子的前面，也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前面时，动词不定式常用逗号与句子隔开，而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。
To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.
He goes there to enjoy the fresh air.
【拓展】为了强调目的，有时可以在不定式前加in order或so as。
In order to get there on time, we set out at five in the morning.
常用结构：too + adj./adv. + to do sth.：太。。。而不能。
The child is too young to go to school.
（4）疑问词+动词不定式：疑问代词who, what, which等和疑问副词when, where, how等后面跟不定式，构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。
1. Where to go is still a question. 到哪里去还是个问题。（作主语）
2. I know where to find the boy. 我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。（作动词know的宾语）
3. The question is how to learn English well. 问题是怎样学好英语。（作表语）
【拓展】“疑问词+动词不定式（短语）”作宾语时，相当于一个宾语从句。
I don’t know what to do next time. = I don’t know what I should do next time.
Li Ping doesn’t know why to learn English. = Li Ping doesn’t know why he should learn English.
Which to choose is important. = Which we should choose is important.
The question is where to go. = The question is where we should go.
（5）固定句式中动词不定式的用法：
常见固定句式中的动词不定式考点：had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/
Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。
（6）动词不定式专项训练题：
一、单项选择。
1. Tom find _______ difficult to work out the Maths problem.
A. This B. That C. It D. Its
2. We decided _______ at the end of this month.
A. travel B. not start out C. to leave D. going
3. They have no paper_______.
A. to write B. to write with C. write on D .to write on
4. Let him _______ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.
A. has B. have C. to have D. having
5. _______the computer is a problem.
A. How to use B. What to use C. Where to use D. Which to use
6. The teacher told us _______in bed.
A. don’t read B. read not C. to not read D. not to read
7. The old man was _______angry _______ say a word.
A. so, that B. as, as C. too, to D. very, to
8. Why _______home tomorrow?
A. not go B. not going C. not to go D. didn’t go
二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. They want _______(save) time by using shorter words and phrases.
2. Kitty’s classmate Daniel taught himself how _______(make) a home page.
3. He put his photos on it for everyone _______(look) at.
4. Help him _______(put) the photos in the correct order.
5. He made the girl _______(cry) yesterday.
6. I’d like _______(go) to the Temple of Heaven.
Homework
一、背诵课后单词。
二、熟读课文。
三、练习：
1. 按照要求写单词。
raise (v.) ---- （过去式）----- （过去分词） hurt (v.) ---- （过去式）---- （过去分词）
meet (v. ) ---- （过去式） ---- （过去分词） teach (v.) ---- （过去式）---- （过去分词）
permit (v.) --- （过去式）--- （过去分词） permit (v.) ---- (n. 准许，许可)
organize (v.) ---- (n.组织) express (v.) --- (n.表达)
pain (n.) ---- (adj.疼痛的) joy (n.) ---- (adj.欢乐的)
peace (n.) --- (adj.和平的) voluntary (adj.) ---- (n.志愿者)
ill (adj.) ---- (n.疾病) difficult （adj.）---- (n.困难)
friend (n.) 朋友---- (n友谊) courage (n.) ---- (v鼓励)
2. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
1. The old man fell off his bike and ____________ his knee（膝盖）.
2. Let’s do something for the old people in the __________(社区）.
3. I p_______ thirty yuan for the book last week.
4. We saw a ___________(严重的）accident yesterday.
5. _____________(友谊）is important in our life.
6. Tell him to ask my p____________ before he borrows something.
7. They are ___________(筹集）money for the people who lost homes in the earthquake.
8. He is __________ from a bad cold.
9. Bill is not afraid to _____________(表达）his opinions.
10. I have ____________ in solving the problem.
11. We should ____________(鼓励）the d____________ to raise their ___________.
12. Tom is in hospital because of a serious ___________(疾病）.
13. They had to stay at home b__________ of a heavy snow.
3. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. ___________ (help) others make me happy.
2. Daming has great difficulty ___________(speak) English.
3. In order _____________ (learn) Japanese, he went to Japan.
4. Do you know the girl ___________(call) Lily?
5. Shenzhen has a population of over ten ____________(million).
6. The teacher is _____________(friendship) to us.
7. Our teacher encourage us _________________ (not give) up when we meet difficulties.
8. He is __________(able) from voting.
9. The children there all suffer from serious ___________(ill).
10. She gave ____________(express) to her sadness.
11. It felt like the ___________(alone) place in the world.
12. I had no _________ (difficult) making myself understood.
13. Evening in the country is a very__________(peace) time.
14. I taught them to sing because music can bring them _________(enjoy) and peace.
15. What do you know about our __________(organize) ?
4. 单项选择。
( )1. Peter offered to teach them water-skiing.
A. is willing B. is not willing to C. is ready D. is not ready
( )2. Is there _________ in today’s newspaper?
A. special something B. something special C. special anything D. anything special
( )3. The teacher speaks very loudly ______ all the students can hear her.
A. so that B. because C. since D. When
( )4. --How much did you _____ for the computer? --4,000 yuan.
A. Spend B. Cost C. pay D. take
( )5. Sam’s parents died in an accident. He feels very_________.
A. tired B. busy C. shy D. lonely
( )6. “What are you going to do this weekend?” “I’d like my parents.”
A. to visit B. visit C. visiting D. visits
( )7. — What’s your plan for the summer holidays?
— I’ve no idea, but I’ve decided at home.
A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying
( )8. Last week our geography teacher told us more information about how to protect the environment.
A. get B. got C. to get D. getting
( )9. Our headmaster asked us a report on how to protect wild animals.
A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote
( )10. — How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?
—It makes me very proud.
A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel
( )11. It took her half an hour the Water Park by bus last Sunday.
A. gets to B. get to C. to get to D. getting to
( )12. It’s dangerous for you that tall tree.
A. climb B. to climb C. climbing D. climbed
( )13. —My brother is ill in hospital.—I’m sorry that.
A. hear B. hearing C. heard D. to hear
( )14. The TV set is too loud. Will you please _______?
A. turn down it B. turn it down C. to turn it down D. to turn down it
( )15. It’s cold outside. You had better _______ your coat.
A. to put on B. putting on C. puts on D. put on
5. 阅读理解。
It was a very hot day. Two farmers, Jack and Jim, sat in the shade of a large neem tree. Both of them were eating chapattis (印度薄饼) for lunch. Jack had three pieces of the flat, round Indian bread while Jim had five. As they were about to begin their meal, a young nobleman (贵族) went by.
"Good day! Good sirs!" said the nobleman. The nobleman looked very hungry and tired, so Jack and Jim invited the man to eat with them.
"How can we divide these eight chapattis into three equal parts among the three of us?" asked Jack.
"Let us stack (叠起来) them up and cut the chapattis into three equal parts," suggested Jack.
After cutting the chapattis, they shared the parts equally, and no one ate more or less than anyone else.
After they finished the meal, the nobleman insisted on (坚持) paying for his meal. He put six coins in Jack's hand and ten coins into Jim's hand. And the two men were both very glad!
( ) 1. How many people are there in this story?
A. Two. B. Four. C. Five. D. Three.
( ) 2. What does the underlined word "divide" mean in Chinese?
A．把……切割 B．把……丢弃 C．把……留给 D．把……分成
( ) 3. How did they divide the eight chapattis into three equal parts?
A. They stacked them up and cut them into three equal parts.
B. They weighed them and cut them into three equal parts.
C. They numbered them and divided them into three equally.
D. All three people ate two chapattis and left the rest.
( ) 4. The nobleman paid _________ for his meal in all.
A. six coins B. ten coins C. sixteen coins D. four coins
( ) 5. Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A. There are nine pieces of the flat, round Indian bread in all. B. The nobleman didn't look hungry and tired at all.
C. Jim thought of a good idea to cut the chapattis equally. D. All the three people shared the parts equally at last.
6. 完型填空。
Are you ready for the adventure of your lifetime? Do you love to travel and ___1___ new people?
If your answer ___2____ these questions is "Yes", then read on.
Have you ever lived and studied in ___3____ country? No? Well, now it is your chance!
Student exchange (交换) is fun, exciting and will teach ___4___ new things. It gives you the chance to experience a ___5___ culture and learn a new language. You will never have another experience like this!
There are two stages (阶段) in every student exchange, a hosting stage and a visiting sage. For hosting stage, an exchange student will travel to your hometown and ___6___ with your family for three months. Then, you will travel to the hometown of your exchange partner and live with his or her family for three months ___7___ the visiting stage. You will go to school there and live just like a member of the host family.
____8___ can go on a student exchange? All secondary school students can go on an exchange if you have done ___9___ in your class this year. You should be 14-17, and you would like to learn the language, culture, history, geography and the way of life in another country. And you should have your application (申请) approved (批准) by the head teacher.
So, what are you ___10___ for? Apply today!
( ) 1. A. watch B. talk C. meet D. look
( ) 2. A. to B. of C. with D. for
( ) 3. A. others B. the other C. other D. another
( ) 4. A. your B. you C. his D. our
( ) 5. A. different B. same C. strange D. usual
( ) 6. A. study B. learn C. help D. live
( ) 7. A. after B. before C. during D. between
( ) 8. A. Who B. What C. Which D. When
( ) 9. A. good B. nice C. well D. hard
( ) 10. A. waiting B. living C. playing D. inviting
