八年级下册外研版Module 4 seeing the doctors学案（无答案）

八年级下册外研版Module 4 seeing the doctors
【语法点】现在完成时（三）
基本用法：现在完成时用来表示某个动作或某种状态从过去开始，一直持续到现在。通常用since 或for来引导的时间状语修饰。
1.since 用作连词时引导的是时间状语从句，从句用的是一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；since用作介词时，引导的时间状语，since后面跟时间点。
如：I have known my best friend since we were four years old .
Tony has known Daming since September 2012.

2.for 后跟一段时间，for本身不表示什么意义，只是用来表示时间段。若动作或状态持续到现在（即包含现在在内），for引导的时间状语用于现在完成时。
Betty and Tony have studied Chinese for a year .
My father has worked in this factory for more than 20 years .

3.现在完成时中就since或for引导的时间状语提问时用how long “多久”。
-How long have you studied English?
-For a year ./ Since a year ago .

难点突破：现在完成时的谓语动词有终止性东西和延续性动词。
1.终止性也叫非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须用连续性动词和时间段连用。
常见的终止性动词有begin，borrow，buy， come，die，find，join，become，finish，leave，lend ,lose，stop，start，end等。观察下列句子的表述。
回忆开始了半小时了。
The meeting has been on for half an hour .(√)
The meeting began half an hour ago .(√)
The meeting has begun for half an hour .(×)
这本字典我买了两周了。
I have had the dictionary for two weeks .(√)
I bought the dictionary two weeks ago .(√)
I have bought the dictionary for two weeks .(×)

2.出现表示一段时间的时间状语时，可把终止性动词变为延续性动词。
若没有相对应的延续性动词，则用状态来表示动词的意义，和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
常见的非延续性东西和延续性动词或状态的转换：
buy-have , borrow-keep , open –be open ,
close –be closed , begin/start—be on , come – be here ,
go /leave –-be away , finish – be over , die – be dead ,
catch a cold –have a cold , put on –wear
get up—be up , wake up –be awake , fall asleep—be asleep 等

3.使用终止性动词和非延续动词要注意的问题
（1）并不是说终止性动词不用于现在完成时，而是终止性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
My brother has joined the army .
My brother has been in the army for two years .
The pet dog has died .
The pet dog has been dead for a few days .
(2)终止性动词的否定形式可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
For a few days she hasn’t borrowed any books .
He hasn’t joined any club since last year.

语法专练：
一、用for或since填空。
1.-Tony’s father has worked in Beijing __________2009.
-So he has worked in the city __________ several years .
2.-How long have you been in the club ?
-__________three months ; __________January.
3.-We have waited at the station__________ six o’clock this morning .
-The train is late .You have to wait __________ another ten minutes .
4.He has been away from the city __________he graduated form college .
5.Lei Feng has been dead __________ many years ,but his spirit is still encouraging us .

二、句型转换。
6.We began to learn English four years ago .(同义句转换)
We have learned English __________ __________ __________ .
7.She borrowed the book a week ago .(同义句转换)
She __________ __________ the book for a week .
8. I have known my best friend since we were six years old .(对画线提问)
__________ __________ __________ you known your best friend?
9.Betty and Tony entered Beijing International School a year ago .(同义句转换)
Betty and Tony __________ __________ __________ Beijing International School for a year .
10.The bus has been away for half an hour .(对画线提问)
__________ __________ __________the bus been away ?

三、单项填空
11. –Is this your camera ?
-Yes , I __________ it for two weeks .
A. bought B. had C. have had D. have bought
2. I __________ this magazine for three months .
A. have bought B. have had C. have borrowed
3. –What do you think of your junior school life ?
-It __________ some sweet memories in my heart in the past three years .
A. leave B. left C. has left D. will leave
4.-Hurry up, the movie Wolf Warrior __________for 10 minutes .
-OK ,I’m coming right now .
A. began B. has begun C. has been on
5.It is said that the number of forest parks in Guangdong __________ to more than 1000 so far .
A. increase B. increased C. has increased D. will increased

【基本点】
【考点1】How can I help you ?
How can I help you?相当于What can I do for you ?或May/Can I help you ?
在饭店里面还经常用May I take you order ?用来询问顾客“可以点菜了吗？”
【中考链接】（2018昆明中考）-__________?
-Yes , I’d like some beef noodles .
A. May I take your order B. May I borrow your ruler
C. What club do you want to join D. What size would you like

【考点2】ill
Ill做形容词，意为“不健康的，有病的”，只做表语，不做定语
He’s got a cold and is ill in hospital now .
【考点拓展】illness做名词，意为“病，疾病”，是以ill 为词根加后缀ness构成的名词。
考点辨析：ill 和sick
Ill 表示“有病的”，只做表语
sick 表示“有病的”，可以做表语，也可以做定语
【中考链接】（海南中考）- I _______ sick . I may have a fever .
-You’d better go to see a doctor .
A. feel B. look C. sound

【考点3】hurt
【用法分析】hurt用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛，受伤”，后面不能跟宾语。
表示“伤害”时用作及物动词，hurt oneself 受伤。
【注意】表示身体受到的伤害很重要用badly修饰
精神、感情受到创伤用very much /rather /deeply 修饰
【中考链接】用所给词的适当形式填空
（2018上海中考）Fortunately , no one was _________(serious ) hurt in the earthquake several weeks ago .

【考点4】since
Since用作介词，意为“自……以来”。用作介词时后面接时间点，since引导的时间状语常用于现在完成时。
He has lived in China since 2000.
【考点拓展】since +过去的时间点或“since+一般过去时的句子”和“for引导的时间段”三者都可以用于完成时。
【固定搭配】since then 自那以后 ever since 从那时起
【中考链接】（2018梧州中考）Millie _____ in this factory since 1990.
A. works B. works C. has worked D. have worked

【考点5】for的用法
【用法分析】for 引导一段时间，用作介词，意为“计，达”，常用于现在完成时
【中考链接】（2018青海中考）-It ‘s said that all the train tickets during the holidays were sold out .
-Don’t worry . I ______ two for us .
A. get B. got C. have got

【考点6】I don’t think so
I don’t think so 意为“我想不是这样”
【考点拓展】believe ,hope ,guess ,imagine 等动词都可以用于这样的句型
【中考链接】（2018昆明中考）-Reading a good book makes me happy .
-__________ .It also helps a lot .
A. I don’t think so B. I thinks so C. I’m afraid not D. No way

【考点7】exercise
【用法分析】exercise 做名词，意为“锻炼”，通常用作不可数名词，但表示“练习，体操”时是可数名词。
【考点拓展】exercise 用作动词，意为“锻炼，训练，练习”
【中考链接】（2018抚顺中考）Tom is not here . He ________ in the health club .
A. is exercising B. was exercising C. exercises D. exercised

【考点8】harmful
Harmful做形容词，意为“有害的”，反义词为harmless ,意为“无害的”
Be harmful to 意为“对……有害”，同义短语be bad for
【中考链接】根据句意及首字母提示补全单词
（2018日照中考）Too much sweet can be h_________ to kids’ teeth .

【考点9】health的用法
Health做名词，意为“健康，健康状况”
【考点拓展】healthy 形容词：健康的 unhealthy 形容词：不健康的
Healthily 副词：健康地 unhealthily 副词：不健康地
【中考链接】根据汉语提示完成句子
（2018孝感中考）My grandfather keeps ________(健康的) by eating well and exercising regularly .

【考点10】well
Well做形容词，意为“健康的”，用来表示身体状况时可以做表语，同fine。
【考点辨析】well ,good
well 做形容词，指人的身体好、健康只做表语
做副词，修饰动词、形容词和副词
good 做形容词，常指人的品行好，或事物的质地好，也常用来想别人问好
-How is your father ? –He’s very well .
He speak English well .
Miss Gao is a good teacher .
Your picture is very good .

【考点11】active
Active做形容词，意为“积极的，活跃的”，副词actively 意为“积极地，活跃地”
【固定搭配】active的搭配
take an active part in 积极参加 be active in doing sth 积极做某事
play an active role/part in 在……中扮演积极、主动的角色
have an active mind 思维活跃
【中考链接】（2018宜昌中考）-How are you getting on with your cousin ?
-Very well .He is really __________ and joins in all kinds of activities in his spare time .
A. polite B. strict C. active D. careful

【考点12】decide
用法分析：decide 做动词，意为“决定，决心”
常见用法：decide to do sth 决定做某事
decide +特殊疑问词+to do sth 决定……做某事
decide +that 从句 决定……
Her parents decided to have a talk with her teacher .
Have you decided when to start?
He decided that he had to tell the truth .
【中考链接】翻译句子
（2018苏州中考）我已经决定读一些书并游览一些名胜古迹。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

【考点13】take part in
Take part in 意为“参加，参与”，后接动词时要用动名词形式。
【考点辨析】join ,join in ,take part in
join 常指“参军，入团，入党”，指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其成员
Join sb in doing sth 意为“和某人一起做某事”
Join in 参加小规模的活动，如“球赛，娱乐，游戏”等，常用于日常口语
Take part in 参加会议或群众性活动等，并在活动中发挥作用
例：When did your brother join the army ?你哥哥什么时候参军？
He’ll join us in singing the song .他将和我们一起唱这首歌。
Come along ,and join in the ball game .快，来参加球赛。
We’ll take part in social practice during the summer vacation .
暑假期间我们将参加社会实践。
【中考链接】（2018阜康、米泉中考）Anyone who is good at singing can _______ the activity in our school .
A. take part in B. take off C. take out D. take care of

【考点14】suggest
Suggest 做动词，意为“建议，提议”
后面如果跟动词要用动词ing
名词形式suggestion ，是可数名词，意为“提议，建议”
【注意】suggest 后面不能直接接to do
（2）suggest +that 从句意为“建议……”
【中考链接】根据汉语意思完成句子
（2018自贡中考）昨天我妈妈建议假期里到海边去放松一下。
My mother _________ _________ on the beach for vacation yesterday .

【考点15】perhaps
Perhaps做副词，意为“也许，可能”，常位于句首
【考点辨析】maybe ,perhaps , probably
Maybe “可能，也许”可能性不大，较为随便和不正式，通常位于句首
Perhaps “可能”，可能性也不十分大，较为常用也较为正式，它可以表示建议或要求，也可以表示以礼貌的方式下命令，通常位于句首
probably “很可能，大概”，可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思，通常位于be 动词、助动词或情态动词后，实意动词前
He didn’t feel quite right ; maybe he got sunstroke .他感觉不太好；也许他中暑了。
Perhaps you will kindly give us a hand when we are in trouble .
当我们陷入困境时，也许你会善意地帮我们一把。
There is probably some kind of living matter on some other worlds ,but we don not know yet .
很可能在其他的世界存在着一些另类的生物，只是我们尚不知道。

【中考链接】翻译句子
（枣庄中考）他可能是个科学家。（maybe）
____________________________________________________________________________________________

【考点16】too ……to
【用法分析】too ……to意为“太……而不能……”
To 后面接动词原形。
【考点拓展】Too ……to可转化为“not+形容词/副词+enough to do sth ”
和“so ……that ……not ”句型
如：He’s too weak to climb the mountain .
=He’s so weak that he can’t climb the mountain .
=He is not strong enough to climb the mountain .
【中考链接】（2018无锡中考）It’s not _________ to be friendly .You have to be a friend .
Go and talk to Sam .
A. good enough B. late enough C. too good D. too late


一、根据所给汉语提示及句意完成句子。
1.-Do you have a __________(头痛)？
-Yes , my head often hurts .
2.The boy is too __________(虚弱的) to carry the heavy box .
3.With the help of our government ,we have greatly improved the living __________(状况).
4.Perhaps you have a fever ;please take your __________(温度) first .
5.-What do you think of Mike ?
-He is an __________(积极的) boy .

二、单项选择
1.The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times __________day and spend less time in front of __________computer .
A. /;the B. a; the C. a;/ D. the ;a
2.Have you __________your computer for long ?
-Yes , it is very old, but it still works well.
A. borrowed B. bought C. lost D. had
3.- __________has Hong Kong been back to our mother-land ?
-For 20 years . How time flies !
A. How soon B. How long C. How often
4. How long has Julia __________ a cold ?
A. have B. had C. catch D. caught
5. The boy likes planes very much and he often goes to see planes land and __________.
A. take care of B. take off C. take after D. take down
6.I’m looking after Tom today .He’s been in my house __________8:00 this morning .
A. at B. since C. for D. till
7. Her grandfather __________ a car in 2007.He __________ the car for 10 years .
A. buy; has bought B. bought; has had C. buys; has had D. bought; has bought
8. I’m going to Hong Kong next month. What about you ,Jenny ?
-I will __________ social practice .
A. take part in B. take place C. take off D. take action
9.Why don’t you __________ us in __________ the speaking competition?
A. join; joining B. take part in ; taking part in C. take part in ;joining D. join ; taking part in
10. I felt __________last night, and then I fell __________ quickly .
A. sleepy ;asleep B. asleep ;asleep C. sleepy; sleepy D. asleep ;sleepy
11.To keep fit , you should take more __________, such as doing morning __________and running .
A. exercise; exercise B. exercises ;exercises C. exercise ;exercises D. exercises; exercise
12. Li Hong has __________ the army for 2 years .
A. joined B. joined to C. been in D. joined in
13. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________.
A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago
14.Reading in the sun is __________your eyes .
A. harmful to B. harm for C. harmful for D. harm to
15.Please stop __________ and tell me what’s wrong .
A. cry B. to cry C. cried D. crying
16. The boy is too weak __________ any more .
A. to go B. going C. goes D. went
17.-How do you learn English ,Toby ?
-I often practice English __________chatting with my American friend .
A. in B. by C. of D. with

三、用括号内的所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Julia had a __________(head ) and couldn’t fall asleep .
2.Most people need to do more __________(exercise).
3.Aunt Mary __________(ill) for more than three days .
4.Bob stayed up late last night and now he feels __________(sleep).
5.E-payment service is now widely used in our__________(day) life .
6. I __________(do) much housework since my mother was ill.
7.Nick can’t go swimming with us because of his __________(ill).
8.Scientists often __________(suggestion) that farmers use natural ways to grow fruits .

四、句型转换
1.PM 2.5 does harm to people’s health and the environment .(同义句转换)
PM 2.5 is __________ __________ people’s health and the environment .
2.Emma helped the old lady with her housework once a week last year .(对画线部分提问)
__________ __________ did Emma help the old lady with her housework last year ?
3. We have known each other since ten years ago .(同义句转换)
We have known each other __________ __________ __________ .
4. Dave has learned table tennis for three months .(对画线部分提问)
__________ __________ __________Dave __________ table tennis ?
5. I bought the bike two years ago .(改为同义句)
I __________ __________ the bike for two years.

五、 根据汉语提示完成句子。
1.你像这样已经多久了？
How long __________ you __________ __________ this ?
2.你已经量了体温了吗？
__________you __________ your __________?
3.哦，不用担心。这不严重。
Well , don’t worry . __________ __________ __________.
4.从那时起。它成为了我生活中的一部分。
__________ __________ , it has become part of my life .
5.我们的老师就是教练，她也和我们一起训练。
Our teacher is the coach , and she also __________ __________ __________ the training with us .

六、习作
请以“How to keep healthy ”为题写一篇短文。从良好的生活习惯、适当的锻炼以及健康的饮食习惯等方面提出建议。
参考词汇： stay up 熬夜； junk food垃圾食品； keep a balanced diet 均衡饮食
have meals regularly .按时饮食