(共40张PPT)
Book 4 unit 2 working the land
Period 3 extensive reading
Chemical or organic farming?
Learn about organic farming and chemical farming
Master the language points in this passage .
Learning objectives
Food
is
the prime want.
(主要的)
Lead-in
主食
staple food
fruit
vegetable
What is your favorite fruit?
Navel orange 脐橙
grow into
plant
Fruitful tree
What does the farmer put on/into the soil to make crops grow?
It is fertilizer (肥料)
chemical fertilizers
natural fertilizers
Natural waste(废物)
from animal
Which kind of fertilizer do farmers use when they are doing farming?
Q1: What is organic farming?
Q2: What are the advantages of chemical farming?
Q3: What are the advantages of organic farming?
Organic farming is farming without using any chemicals
It will increase the production(产量)
The products(农产品) are healthier, more delicious
discussion
Chemical or Organic Farming?
Skim the passage and find out the topic sentence for each paragraph.
Reading
1. Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health.
2. What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.
3. With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.
4. Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.
1. Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health.
Topic sentence
Common use of chemical fertilizers in farming
2. What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.
Topic sentence
Problems caused by chemical fertilizers
3. With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.
Topic sentence
Introduction to organic farming
4. Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.
Other methods to keep the soil fertile
Common use of chemical fertilizers in farming
Problems caused by chemical fertilizers
Introduction to organic farming
Other methods to keep the soil fertile
Part I: chemical farming
Part 2: organic farming
Chemical or organic farming?
Read para. 1-2 carefully and answer the questions.
1. Why are chemical fertilizers so popular in farming today?
Reading
2. What problems can be caused by using chemical fertilizers?
1. Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health.
2. What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.
1. Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health.
chemical fertilizers are so popular because they can and .
stop crop disease
increase production
2. What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.
What problems can be caused by using chemical fertilizers?
What problems can be caused by using chemical fertilizers?
the land
Lead to or .
The crops are less .
damage
cancer
other illnesses
nutritious
Read para.3-4 carefully and fill in some blanks
Methods
in
Organic
farming ◆Using _____________as fertilizer
◆ Changing _____________ in each field every few years
◆ Using _____________ of soil to plant crops
◆ Planting _____ between crops
Reading
3. With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.
4. Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.
3. With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.
Use as fertilizer
natural waste from animals
4. Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.
Methods
in
Organic
farming ◆Using
as fertilizer
◆ Changing _________________in each field every few years
◆ Using ________________of soil to plant crops
◆ Planting _______ between crops
the kind of crops
different levels
grass
Goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.
natural waste from animals
Over the past half century, using chemical
fertilizers has become very common in farming.(L1)
在过去的半个世纪中,在农业中使用化肥已经是很普遍的。
1. “Over+一段时间”表示“在…期间”,句子需用现在完成时。
2. V-ing 形式做主语
so far, up to now, already, since, recently, ever, never,yet, in/during/over+一段时间
Language points
In the past few years, China (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
(read) aloud is very helpful.
has made
Reading
练一练
主句
状语
make的现在分词形式making在句中做结果状语,翻译时为使句意顺畅,增加“从而”
Language points
2. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil,
作物,如豌豆或大豆把重要的矿产资源放回土地,从而为 小麦或玉米等需要丰富肥沃土壤的作物做好准备。
making it ready for
crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. (Para 4 Line 3)
(
)
2. Wheat or corn 先行词,that 引导的定语从句
现在分词形式做何种状语(结果、伴随、原因、条件、时间、让步等)
Working hard, you will succeed
Not knowing how to work out the problem, he asked the teacher for help
Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off.
条件状语
原因状语
让步状语
辨一辨
结果状语
3. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. (Para 4 Line 6)
一些有机耕种的农夫喜欢在作物之间种草以防止风或水将土壤带走,
Language points
并让草留在地里成为来年作物的天然肥
prefer doing sth
prevent ….from doing sth
3. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. (Para 4 Line 6)
一些有机耕种的农夫喜欢在作物之间种草以防止风或水将土壤带走,
Language points
并让草留在地里成为来年作物的天然肥
结构:主(farmers)+谓(prefer)+并列宾(planting…+leaving…)
3. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. (Para 4 Line6)
结构:主(farmers)+谓(prefer)+并列宾(planting…+leaving…)
一些有机耕种的农夫喜欢在作物之间种草以防止风或水将土壤带走,
并让草留在地里成为来年作物的天然肥
Language points
考一考
The painter(画家) does not paint the objects (物体) as we see with our eyes, but instead (concentrate) on certain qualities of the object.
concentrates
Review the words and the language points in this passage.
Find more information about organic farming
Homework
THANK YOU!