人教版高中英语必修4 Unit2 Working the land 全单元课件（共94张ppt）

(共94张PPT)
Lead-in
What are they doing?
They are planting the rice.
What are they doing?
seeding
fertilizing(施肥)
transplanting (插秧)
irrigating (灌溉)
What are they doing?
harvesting
winnowing ( 扬 谷 )

rice
Enjoy a Poem
By Li Shen
Farmers weeding at noon,
Sweat down the field soon.
Who knows food on a tray,
Due to their toiling day.
wheat
corn
rice
soybean
cotton
broomcorn

??????????????????????????????

Terrace
Drought
Irrigated land
Greenhouse
Hunger
Hunger
Hunger
Do something to help end hunger in the world!!!
In the late 1990s, Brown, an American scholar, came up with the theory of Chinese Menace(威胁), which said that in the 2030s, Chinese population will add up to 1.6 billion, and had the question who would feed the large population in China as well as in the world.
Just at that time, a Chinese scientist declared to the world that China can solve the problem by himself and help to solve the same problem in the world.
Yuan Longping
“Father of Hybrid Rice”
Unit 2
Father of Hybrid Rice
Yuan Longping
A Pioneer for All People
Learning Goals
Knowledge Goals
Topic
Important people, history and methods of agriculture
Words and Expressions
Words:

Statistics, root, output, expand, mineral, sun burnt, decade, super, crop, hunger, equip, chemical, regret, focus, soil, skim, bacteria, struggle, occupation, rid, grain, export, nutrition, comment, freedom, reduce, discovery, confuse, circulate, expand, nationality, disturbing, therefore, summary, underline, battle.
Expressions:

in many ways, struggle for, make it, possible to…, search for, thanks to, rid …of, be satisfied with, care little about, equip…with…, no longer, awake from, be suitable for, take turns, refer to, insist on, exchange…with…
Have you ever grown any plants?
If so, what did you do to grow them?
First we ploughed the soil deep.
Second we put the seeds into the tunnel.
Finally we covered the deeds by ploughing again.
They are ploughing the soil.
International Facts on Hunger
and Poverty(2002)
Every eight seconds, a child somewhere in the world dies from starvation. More than 6 million children under the age of 5 die from starvation every year.
More than 800 million people in the world suffer from chronic malnutrition—799 million of them are from the developing world. More than 153 million of them are under the age of 5.
Some 700,000 central Americans are suffering from hunger today, including 6,000 children at risk of starving to death.
The African countries suffering most severely from food shortage are Malawi, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Reading
Look at the title of the passage and listen to it. How do you know about the grain condition in the world?
1.Who is the person?
Yuan Longping
Task 1 Skimming
2.What did he do?/ What is he doing?
a. He searched for a way to increase rice output without expanding the area of fields.
b. He is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvest.
a farmer named Yuan Longping
how Yuan Longping became rich and famous
C. an agricultural pioneer named Yuan Longping who worked hard to produce a new strain of rice
D. a new strain of rice which is called super hybrid rice
Which of the following statements tells the main idea of the text? It ’s about____
What is the main idea of each paragraph?
Para1
Para2
Para3
para4
His dreams
His personality
How he thinks of himself and his achievement
His biography




Task 2 Scanning
Para1-2:
A. is among the first to go into an area to live
or work there.
B. goes into unknown regions, such as outer space.
C. is the first to study a new area of knowledge.
A pioneer is a person who
super hybrid rice

a high output

This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one third more of the crop in the same fields.

a. He was born into a poor farmer’s family .
b. He graduated from Southwest Agriculture college.
c. In 1950,Chinese farmers produced 5.5 billion
tons of rice.
d. 20 billon tons of rice was produced by growing
his hybrid rice.
e. He searched a way to increase rice outputs
without expanding the area of fields.
f. He helps rid the world of hunger by circulating
his knowledge in less developed countries.
Proper order:










Put Dr Yuan’s biography in right order.

a

c

b

e

d

f
What kind of life is Dr Yuan?

Dr Yuan is leading a simple life, doing his research, listening to his music and riding his motor-bike.
Which of the following description about Dr
Yuan’s personality（个性） is not true?

He is satisfied with his life because he is
now rich and famous.
B. He cares little about money and fame（名声）.
C. He would rather work than lead a
comfortable life.
D. He enjoys a simpler life than most rich
and famous people.

What were his dreams?
1. To produce a kind of rice to feed more people

Rice plant as tall as sorghum
Ear of rice as big as ear of corn
Grain of rice as huge as a peanut
2. To see his rice grown
all over the world
1.What does “Wishing for things, however, costs nothing” mean?



2.What did Dr Yuan’s rice look like in his dream?




3.Dr Yuan has dreams not only when he is _____ but also when he is______.
asleep

awake
Dreams are free and everybody can have ideas about what they would like their future life to be.
The rice plants were as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.
4. Dr Yuan thinks that a person with too
much money has more rather than fewer
troubles. Do you agree or disagree? Why?
I mostly agree. I think being rich can cause a lot of problem, but it really depends on the life and attitude of the person who is rich. People who are rich certainly have different problems from people who are not.
Discussing 1:
Even if Dr. Yuan’s dreams come true, can this really solve starvation?
Discuss in groups of four. What advantages and disadvantages do you see in Yuan Longping’ s life? Would you like to have a life like his? Why or why not?
2:
3:
How to solve hunger?
Making good use of the waste land;
Developing the technology to…
Inventing a new kind of food…
Improving the quality of the soil;
Preventing the pests from eating our crops;
adj. 化学的；关于化学的
n. 生产；制造
n. 细菌
n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟
n. 营养；滋养；食物
n. 矿物；矿石

Words preview
chemical
production
bacteria
pest
nutrition
mineral

Words preview
skim
underline
summary
comment
vt. 浏览；略读
vt. 画底线标出；强调
n. 总结；摘要；概要
n. 评论；议论
vi.& vt. 表达意见;
做出评论
n. 发现；发觉
n. 焦点；中心点
vt. 集中；聚焦
n. 土壤
vt. 减少；减缩
n. 根；根源

Words preview
discovery
focus

soil
reduce
root
逐渐增强; 建立; 开发
导致; 造成 (后果)
集中 (注意力，精力等) 于
使…免受(影响，伤害等)；
使…不含(有害物)

Expressions preview
build up
lead to
focus on
keep… free
from/of
To do or doing?
try
manage
be used to
suggest
mind
stop
go on
be worth
advise
to do/doing
to do
doing/to do
doing
doing
doing / to do
doing / to do
doing
sb. to do/doing

Brainstorming
consider
regret
devote…to
miss
It’s no good
begin
give up
enjoy
feel like
allow
need
doing
to do / doing
doing
doing
doing
to do/doing
doing
doing
doing
sb. to do/doing
to do/ doing=to be done
To do or doing?

Brainstorming
Organic Farming
Listen this passage
Click here!
Long-term use of chemical fertilizers can
cause damage to the land and people’s
health.
Farmers and customers turn to organic
farming.
Other methods to keep the soil fertile.

Skimming
Problems caused by chemical fertilizers
Main idea
P1.
P2.
P3.
P4.
Read the passage and answer the following questions.
1.What is the main idea of this passage?
This passage tells us something about
organic farming. It means growing crops
without chemical fertilizers which damage
the soil. The organic farmers keep the
soil rich and healthy in several ways.

Scanning
2.What are genetically-modified foods?
The term GM foods or GMOs (genetically- modified organisms) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques.
These plants have been modified in the laboratory to enhance desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content very rapidly and with great accuracy. For example, plant geneticists can isolate a gene responsible for drought tolerance and insert that gene into a different plant. The new genetically-modified plant will gain drought tolerance as well.
3.What are some of the advantages of GM foods?
The world population has topped 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming population is going to be a major challenge in the years to come.
GM foods promise to meet this need in a number of ways:
(1)Pest resistance;
(2)Disease resistance;
(3)Cold tolerance;
(4)Droughttolerance/salinitytolerance;
(5)Nutrition.
Thirteen countries grew genetically-engineered crops commercially in 2000, and of these, the U.S. produced the majority.
In 2000, 68% of all GM crops were grown by U.S. farmers. In comparison, Argentina, Canada and China produced only 23%, 7% and 1%, respectively. Soybeans and corn are the top two most widely grown crops (82% of all GM crops harvested in 2000).
4.What are some of the criticisms against GM foods?
Environmental hazards, human health risks, and economic concerns.

Reading
Chemical farming
advantages problems cause




stop crop
disease

increase
production

damage the
land
by killing…
affect crops…
by staying…
lead to cancer
/illnesses
by building up…
have less
nutrition
by growing
too fast
Language Points
1. Have you ever grown any plants? If so, what did you do to grow them?
if so=if you have ever grown some plants.
so 表示“像那样的，如前所说的”，用于代替已陈述的事。如：
—can you pass the exam?
—I hope so.
(1) 辨析because, for,since,as
because表示理由充分,有必然因果关系,
能回答以why引起的问句因果语气最强。
2. He wants everyone to call him a farmer, for that’s how he regards himself.
— Why aren’t you coming with us to the concert?
— Because I have got a bad headache.
— 你为何不与我们一起去听音乐会？
— 因为我头痛。
since(既然）,一般表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由，全句中心在主句，语气比 because弱;as(由于）,表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱;for(因为，其理由是）,是个并列连词，只能放在另一个并列句后面，表示推理或解释，或用作附加说明，表示新的情况，而不是指理由或原因，语气最弱，一般不放在句首。如:
Since you are ill, I'll go alone.
As it is snowing, we shall not go to the park.
The day breaks, for the birds are singing.
____ he says so, it must be true.
___ it was late, I made haste to go.
The day breaks _______ the sun rises.
The day breaks, ___ the birds are singing.

Since
As
because
for
注意：for表示因果关系时，可以同because交替使用，但for前须用逗号，而because则不必。如：
You couldn't have seen him because he wasn't there.
= You couldn't have seen him, for he wasn't there.
当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since，且多放在句首。如：
Since/ As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
a quiz
(2) regard
regard...as...; 将......认为
We regarded her as the best writer among us.
in/ with regard to sb./sth. 关于,至于
a country’s laws in regard to human rights
一个国家关于人权的法律
3. works the land
work vi./ vt. 经营,管理
　 He works a big farm.
他经营着一个大的农场。
4. In many ways, he is one of them, and he has struggled for the past five decades to help them.
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
(1) already, yet, ever, just, recently, lately, never, before (adv.)
The boy has already/just got home.
I haven’t heard from him yet /recently /lately.
I have seen the old man somewhere before.
I haven’t heard from him yet /recently /lately.
I have seen the old man somewhere before.
(2) since/for
I have lived in Beijing since 2000.
I have lived in Beijing since I arrived here.
I have lived in Beijing for 5 years.
struggle vi. 搏斗, 挣扎, 努力, 拼搏
They were struggling to get out the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。
struggle against 与……斗争，为反对……而斗争
struggle for 为争取……而斗争
5. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.
it 在句中作形式宾语, 真正的宾语为to produce…, 结构为: 动词(make, feel, think, regard…)+it +adj+ to do.如：
We think it important to learn English well.
6. Thanks to his research, the UN has
more tools in the battle to rid the
world of hunger.
(1)thanks to表示“幸亏,多亏”多用于表达正面意思, 表示原因, 后接名词或名词性的短语在句中作状语。如:
Thanks to your help，much trouble was saved.
多亏你的帮助, 减少了许多麻烦。
Animals’ living environments have been getting worse ___ the increase in industrial pollution. A. thanks to B. because C. as D. since
(2) rid…of … 使……摆脱/清除……
rid a house of mice 清除室内老鼠
rid oneself of debt 还清债务
[类似用法的动词]：
inform/ warn/ cure…of…,
The sales manager asked his men to inform him of everything concerning the sales in time.
销售部经理让他手下的人把关于销售量的情况及时报告他。
Learning about Language
1. Words
chemical rid regret hunger statistics expand Vietnam struggle super crop disturbing circulate
decade equip production pest nutrition summary focus mineral root skim underline discovery bacteria
nationality confuse output battle
comment therefore export sunburn
would rather build up
focus on rid…of
thanks to lead to
be satisfied with keep…free from/of
make it possible to … care little about
equip…with… take turns

2. Expressions
Fill in the blanks with correct phrases.
cause/do damage to, wash off, lead to, build up,
in addition (to), keep…free from/of, focus on,
avoid doing
1. His mistakes _____ his failure.
2. These chemicals in the food supply______
in people’s bodies over time.
3.
4. Please _____ your mind___ the following problem.
5. Children should ______________ violence.
led to
build up
focus
on
All roads _______ Rome.
lead to
be kept free from
cause/do damage to, wash off, lead to, build up,
in addition (to), keep…free from/of, focus on,
avoid doing
6. He likes basketball. ___________, he likes football.
He likes basketball _____________football.
7. Little Tom stuck to ________ the mud ____ his
shoes by himself before he came in.
8. I tried to ______________(meet) him because
he always bores me.
9. The storm on May 3 ___________ great __________ people in Burma so far.
In addition
in addition to
washing
off
avoid meeting
has caused
damage to
3. Structures
Usage of v - ing form as subject and object
LOVE
——By John Lennon

Love is real; real is love. Love is ________; ________ love. Love is ________ to be loved.
Love is touch; touch is love. Love is ________; ________ love. Love is ________ to be loved.
Love is you, you and me. Love is ________ we can be. Love is free; free is love. Love is ________; ________ love. Love is ________ to be loved.
feeling
feeling
wanting
reaching
reaching
asking
knowing
leaving
leaving
needing
(1)性质：
它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。

（2）语法特征：
动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。
一般式：
①动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。
②动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
③动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。
完成式：
动词-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
（3）时态和语态：
被动形式：
动词-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。
否定形式：
动词-ing形式的否定形式由not加动词-ing形式构成。
注意：在need, want, require, be worth等词（短语）后，作宾语的-ing常用主动形式来表示被动意义。
但是作为非谓语动词的-ing形式就其语法功能和动作意义的不同与强弱，一般又分为动名词（Gerund）和现在分词(Present Partciple)。
它们在形式上都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中，这两种形式同视为“-ing形式”。 它们都是由动词变化而成的，都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，从而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。如：
Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .
（现在分词短语，作状语）他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public.
（动名词短语，作宾语）她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
动名词和现在分词的区别
动名词表达的动作意义不如现在分词强，因为动名词已将动作名词化了，它不再强调动作本身，而把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情。动名词其实就是名词化了的动词，名词在句中的语法功能与作用它一般都具备。如：
Climbing up the mountain will make you exhausted. （作主语）
Stop talking please.（作宾语）
正由于动名词在某种意义上相当于名词、代词，所以它前面也可有名词的“所有格形式”或是物主代词的所有格作修饰语。如：
Would you mind my smoking here
We extended a warm welcome to Mr. Rieder's coming to our party.
动名词在句中通常可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语等那些名词可以充当的成分。而现在分词（或短语）则相当于形容词或副词,它其实是形容词或副词化了的动词,在句中作定语或者状语。所以当-ing形式出现在句中作主语、宾语和同位语时,它肯定是动名词；当-ing形式在句中作状语时,它肯定是现在分词。如：
Listening to the music he went in.（现在分词作状语）
Stop listening to the music.（动名词作宾语）
难于区别主要在于其作表语及定语时。但是我们都知道，争既然名词和形容词都能作表语，那么，当其意义或特征相当于名词时便是动名词，相当于形容词时则肯定是现在分词。如：
The news is very inspiring.(现在分词)
One of the best exerises is swimming.(动名词)
动名词和现在分词作定语时的区别其实也是很明显的。动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。如：? ?
a sleeping bag(用途)=a bag for sleeping（动名词）
? ? a sleeping child= a child is sleeping (child是sleep的主语,sleep是child发出的动作)（现在分词）
? ? a swimming girl（现在分词）
? ? a swimming pool（动名词）
本课我们重点学习动词的-ing形式作主语和宾语，也即动名词作主语和宾语。
动名词作主语
动名词作主语与不定式作主语在语序上相似，但在表达意思上有差异。动名词作主语时，已将动作名词化了，它把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情，动作意义很弱，比较抽象。而不定式作主语的动作意义较强，多指“要是去做某事”，这种动作往往是“要发生的一次性动作”,比较具体。如：
Breathing became difficult at that altitude.
Cheating on an exam ruins one‘s character .
区别：
It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office .
It needs time to make three copies of it .
动名词作主语时，也常用“It is …”和“There is …”两种句型。“It is …”的句型常用于说明“某种活动或是某件事情是如何”，强调事物的性质、特征等。常用于It is后面的词有：no good , no use , useless , a waste, worthwhile , dangerous等。句型“There is …”用于说明“不允许、禁止某种活动或某件事情发生或存在”，类似一种建议、命令等。如：
归纳：常用的句型有：
It +be +a waste of time doing
做……是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doing
做……是没益/用处的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing
做……不值得
There is no doing
无法……， 不允许……
There is no sense in doing
做……没有道理
It is no use waiting for him any longer .
等他是没有用的。
It is no good learning without practice .
学而不实践是没好处的。
动名词前通常还可以用形容词的物主代词及名词的所有格来构成其逻辑上的主语。如：
我姐姐病了，使我很担心。
My sister's being ill made us worried.
你正确未必就意味着我错了。
Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong.
动名词作宾语
1.常用的可跟动名词作宾语的及物动词或动词短语有：
avoid (避免) , cease (停止) , can‘t help (忍不住) , consider (考虑) , deny (抵赖) , delay (拖延) , enjoy (喜欢) , endure (忍受) , escape (逃离) , excuse (原谅) , finish (完成) , give up (放弃) , imagine (想象) , keep on (继续) , leave off (结束、省去) , mind (介意、反对) , miss (错过) , need (需要) , postpone (推迟) , practice (练习) , put off (推迟) , require (需要) , risk (冒险) , stop (停止) , suggest (建议) 等。如：
I enjoy playing tennis.
He has postponed visiting Beijing.
2.有些及物动词后既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，差别不大。常见的有：
attempt (打算) , begin (开始) , can‘t afford (花不起) , can’t bear (无法容忍) , continue (继续) , deserve (值得) forget (忘记) , hate (不喜欢) , intend (打算) , like（喜欢） , love (爱) , neglect (忽略) , need (需要) , prefer (宁愿) , propose (提议) , want (需要)等。如：
I like playing ( to play ) chess with you.
When did you begin learning(to learn) English?
3.有些及物动词后既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语，但是两种结构在意义上存在一定的差别：
(1)在like , love , hate , prefer等词后，若表示强调“某种爱好、一般性的倾向”，需用动名词作宾语；如指某次将要发生的具体行为，则多用不定式作宾语。
（2）在remember, regret后面，接动名词表示"已发生过的动作"；接不定式表示"现在发生或将要发生的动作"
（3）在begin , start , 和cease之后，接动名词表示“强调有意识地开始或停止某动作”；不定式则表示“自然、突然地发生的动作”。
（4）stop后接动名词表示"要开始动名词表示的动作"，而后接不定式则表示"终止不式表示的动作" ；try后接动名词表示"试着干某事"，而后接不定式则表示"尽力干某事" 。

go on to do
go on doing
接着做（另一件事）
继续做（同一件事）
stop to do
stop doing

停下来去做
停止做
remember to do
remember doing

记住要做
记得曾做过
1）
2）
3）
一些常见的表达法及其意义区别如下：
4）

forget to do
forget doing
忘记要做
忘了曾经做过
5）


6）
regret to do
regret doing
很遗憾／抱歉地去做
后悔做了
try to do
努力做
try doing
试着做
7）

mean to do
打算做
mean doing
意味着做
4.动名词还可用作介词的宾语，并与介词一起构成介短语在句子里担当定语、状语和表语等。如：
I’m looking forward to your coming next time .
The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad .
They are against using so many animals in experiments .
Using Language
Listening
Speaking
Jia Sixie’s work was written 1,600 years ago. Is it still at all useful today? In pairs, discuss the following questions and take notes on your conclusions.
1. What ideas in Qi Min Yao Shu are still in farming today?
2. What problems do we have today in modern farming that Jia Sixie did not have in his time?
Reading and Writing
Use the ideas you discussed above to write a report about how useful Jia Sixie’s ideas are for modern times.
Summing up
重点单词：
equip, chemical, regret, focus, soil, skim, bacteria, struggle, occupation, rid, grain, export, nutrition, comment, freedom, reduce, discovery, confuse
重点短语：
thanks to, rid …of, be satisfied with, care little about, equip…with…
语法：
话题：
功能：
Important people, history and methods of agriculture
说服，劝说（persuasion）
动词的-ing形式作主语和宾语
一、单词拼写。根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。
1. ____________ vt. & vi.斗争；n.努力　　
2. ____________ adj.感到满意的
3.____________ n.自由；自主
4.____________ vt.& vi.配备；装备
5._____________ n.产量，输出量
6._____________vt.输出 n.出口
7._____________Vt.搞乱，使糊涂
8._____________补给；vt.提供
struggle
satisfied
freedom
equip
output
export
confuse
supply
Exercises
二、单词运用。根据句子的结构和意义，或首字母提示或汉语提示，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。
1. We had a ___________(努力) to stop the criminal.
2. The document will be _____________(传阅)to all members.
3. I’ll type your report if you’ll baby-sit in
______________.
4. Our farm ___________the market with fruits and vegetables.
5. We should _____________ the results of the exam briefly and report to the headmaster.
summarize
struggle
circulated
exchange
supplies
三、词语派生。用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. He has a ________ (hungry) for knowledge.
2. Yuan Long ping is famous for ___________ (supply) the farmers with super hybrid rice seeds.
3. Some organic farmers prefer ________ (plant) grass between to ________ (prevent)　wind or water from carrying away the soil.
4. Mr. Brook cares little about spending the money on himself or ___________ (lead) a comfortable life.
5. My mother doesn’t like me wearing short skirts to church , for she doesn’t think that ________ (suit).
hunger　
supplying
prevent
planting
leading
suitable
bye bye