趣味导引
We are the champions是皇后乐队(Queen)最著名的单曲之一，发行于1978年初，由乐队主唱Freddie Mercury作曲。这首歌昂扬向上、震撼人心，因此常用于各种体育赛事以弘扬体育精神。
We are the champions
I’ve paid my dues
Time after time
I’ve done my sentence
But committed① no crime
And bad mistakes
I’ve made a few
I’ve had my share of sand
Kicked in my face
But I’ve come through②
And I need to go on and on and on and on
We are the champions my friends
And we’ll keep on fighting till the end
We are the champions
We are the champions
No time for losers
’Cause we are the champions of the world
I’ve taken my bows
And my curtain calls
You’ve bought me fame and fortune③
And everything that goes with it
I thank you all
But it’s been no bed of roses
No pleasure cruise④
I consider it a challenge before the whole human race
And I ain’t gonna lose
And I need to go on and on and on and on
We are the champions my friends
And we’ll keep on fighting till the end
We are the champions
We are the champions
No time for losers
’Cause we are the champions of the world
我们是冠军
我已付出了代价
一次又一次
我服了刑
但没有犯罪
我犯过了一些
严重的错误
我自作自受
但我都熬过来了
我要继续
我们是冠军，我的朋友们
我们会一直战斗到最后
我们是冠军
我们是冠军
这世界不属于失败者
因为我们是世界冠军
我鞠躬谢幕
将落下帷幕
你们给我带来名誉和财富
和随之而来的一切
我感谢你们
但是这里并不是天堂
也并不是一次愉快的旅程
我认为这是一个摆在全人类面前的挑战
而我绝不会输
我要继续
我们是冠军，我的朋友们
我们会一直战斗到最后
我们是冠军
我们是冠军
这世界不属于失败者
因为我们是世界冠军
[词海拾贝]
commit [k?'m?t] vt. 犯罪；做错事
come through 实现诺言；传来；(健康)回复
fortune ['f??t?u?n] n．财富；幸运；命运
cruise [kru?z]n. 巡航；巡游；漫游
Section Ⅰ Warm-up & Lesson 1—Comprehending
Hannah Jones looks into① the future.
I love talking about the future—and I am not the only one. Over the centuries, people have always wondered about the future. Some like to read fantasy stories and imagine what the world will be like in 10, 50 or even 1，000 years’ time②.Others write about the future themselves. In the 18th and 19th centuries, especially the latter③， the most common theme in science fiction novels was the future. Some authors even predicted things that have since happened④， for example, landing on the moon! But for some people, thinking about the future⑤ is not just for fun. They plan the future of the world for a living. These people are called futurologists⑥.
This weekend, hundreds of futurologists are meeting at Newcastle University. The seminar⑦ starts on Friday and the experts will be discussing⑧the endless possibilities of the future. The future is now big business and many people will attend the seminar with dreams of starting new enterprises⑨based on the predictions they will hear this weekend⑩.I clicked?into the websites of a few futurologists and here’s what they’re predicting?：
①look into窥视；调查
②此处what引导宾语从句。
③latter ['l?t?] n．后者
former n．前者
④此处that引导定语从句，修饰things。
⑤此处是动名词作主语。
⑥futurologist [?fju?t??'r?l?d??st] n．未来学家
⑦seminar ['sem?nɑ?] n．研讨会
⑧will be discussing是将来进行时，表示在将来某个时间正在进行的动作。
⑨enterprise ['ent?pra?z] n．事业；企业
⑩此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰enterprises；they will hear this weekend是定语从句，修饰the predictions。
?click [kl?k] vi.点击
?此处的what引导表语从句。
汉娜琼斯展望未来。
我喜欢谈论未来——而且我不是仅有的一个。很多世纪以来，人们对未来总是充满好奇。有些人喜欢阅读幻想故事，想象世界在10年、50年甚至1 000年后会变成什么样。其他人写关于自己未来的事。在18世纪和19世纪， 特别是后者，科幻小说最普遍的主题就是未来。一些作者甚至预测到此后所发生的事情，例如登陆月球！但是对一些人来说，思考未来不仅仅是为了有趣。他们以设计世界的未来为生，这些人被称为未来学家。
这个周末，数百个未来学家将在纽卡斯尔大学举行会议。会议于星期五开始，专家们将会讨论未来的无数个可能。现在，“未来”是笔大生意，许多人怀揣梦想参加研讨会——在本周末将要听到的预测的基础上开创新事业。我登陆了一些未来学家的网站，以下是他们的预言：
In the next few years, computers will become handier?.Shortly? all of us are going to use our voices to give instructions to computers. We will be able to download? any file or update? our computers just by saying a few words.
By the year 2015, the clothing industry will have produced? new types of material that will remain stainless?no matter what you spill on them?.Red wine stains? will no longer ruin clothes. Garments will also be so strong that they will never get old and worn.
By the year 2025, no one will die of starvation because there will be food for everyone. No one will have to live on welfareas everyone will have jobs and discrimination will be a part of the past. There will therefore no longer be any conflict and people will be able to live together in peace and equality.
By the year 2030, development in biochemistry and medical science will have made it theoretically possible for us to live for at least 150 years.Tiny, insect-like robots may be sent around the cells of our bodies to assess our health and carry out repairs to keep us healthy.
By the middle of the century, computers that are millions of times smarter than uswill have been developed. We will be linking our brains to these computers and a huge database.A new type of electronic human might have developed!
By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for livingand we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
I’ll be there in Newcastle this weekend. At nine o’clock on Saturday morning, I’ll be sitting in the front row and listening to the great Professor Willard talking about the future of my brain. If you can’t beat the future, join it—it’s the dawn of a new world.
?handy ['h?ndi] adj. 方便使用的
?shortly ['???tli] adv.不久；很快
shortly after...在……之后不久
?download [da?n'l??d] vt.下载
?update [??p'de?t ] vt.更新
?此处是将来完成时，表示到将来某个时刻已经完成的动作。
?stainless ['ste?nl?s] adj.无污迹的
?no matter引导让步状语从句，意为：无论……
?stain [ste?n] n．污迹；污点
garment ['ɡɑ?m?nt] n．衣服
worn [w??n] adj.磨损的
starvation [stɑ?'ve???n] n．饥饿；starve vi.挨饿
welfare ['welfe?] n．福利
discrimination [d??skr?m?'ne???n] n．歧视；识别力
conflict ['k?nfl?kt ] n．争执；冲突
equality [?'kw?l?ti] n．平等；equal adj.公平的
此处it作形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式to live...。
cell [sel] n．细胞
assess [?'ses] vt.评估；评价；assessment n．评价
carry out执行
此处的不定式表示目的。
此处的that引导定语从句，修饰computers。
database ['de?t??be?s] n．数据库；资料库
electronic [?lek'tr?n?k ] adj.电子的
suitable for living 是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰system。
beat v．此处表示抗拒。
dawn [d??n] n．开端；拂晓
若干年后，计算机将会变得更加方便。不久以后我们所有人都将使用声音对计算机发出指令。我们能够仅通过说几句话来下载任何文件，或者更新我们的电脑。
到2015年，服装行业将生产出新型的材料，不论你将什么东西洒在上面，都不会留下污点。红酒渍将不再破坏衣物。衣服也将很牢固结实，永远不会变旧或磨损。
到2025年，没有人会死于饥饿，因为人人都会有食物。没有人会不得不依靠福利生活，因为每一个人都会有工作，歧视将成为历史。因此世界上不再有任何冲突，人们将能够在和平与平等中一起生活。
到2030年，生物化学和医学的发展将会使我们在理论上至少能活150岁。可以把微小的、如昆虫一样大的机器人放置于人体细胞中，评估我们的健康状况并进行修复工作以保持我们的健康。
到本世界中叶，比我们聪明几百万倍的电脑将被研制出来。我们将把自己的大脑与这些计算机和一个庞大的数据库相连接，一种新型的电子人可能诞生！
到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适于人类居住的星球，并将发现更远空间探索的方法。
这个周末我将在纽卡斯尔。星期六上午9点钟，我将坐在前排，聆听伟大的维拉德教授谈论关于大脑的未来。如果你不能抗拒未来，就来加入吧，这是一个新世界的开始。
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which people of the following can be called futurologists?
A．People who like to read fantasy stories.
B．People who write about the future themselves.
C．People who plan the future of the world for a living.
2．What was the most common theme in science fiction novels in 19th century?
A．Adventure. B．Future. C．Love.
3．The futurologists will hold a seminar，aiming to________．
A．discuss the endless possibilities of the future
B．solve some problems about energy and natural sources
C．study the chances of people living on other planets
4．Why will many people want to attend the seminar?
A．Because they are curious about the future.
B．Because they want to make friends with futurologists.
C．Because they dream of starting new enterprises based on the predictions made by futurologists.
答案：1－4.CBAC
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The future is now big business and many people will attend the seminar with dreams of starting new enterprises based on the predictions they will hear this weekend.
本句是一个由and连接的________。 第一个分句用的是一般现在时；第二个分句用的是一般将来时。 在第二个分句中， with dreams of...this weekend作状语；其中过去分词短语based on the predictions...作定语修饰new enterprises; they will hear this weekend是________从句， 修饰predictions, 引导词因在从句中作hear的宾语而省略了。
[尝试翻译] ___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：并列句；定语；现在， “未来”是笔大生意， 许多人怀揣梦想参加研讨会——在本周末将要听到的预测的基础上开创新事业。
2．By the year 2030, development in biochemistry and medical science will have made it theoretically possible for us to live for at least 150 years.
本句是一个简单句。 By the year 2030是______；it在句中作形式宾语；不定式to live for at least 150 years是真正宾语。 possible 在句中作________。
[尝试翻译] ____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：时间状语；宾补；到2030年， 生物化学和医学的发展将会使我们在理论上至少能活150岁。
A卷
阅读理解
A
When we do the same movements with our bodies over and over again，we overuse some muscles.And the overuse can lead to strain(压力) and injury.Sometimes those problems can come from doing sports.But there is another cause of muscle problems：hand-held technology devices.
Staring down at your phone or tablet for long periods of time puts great tension on your neck.Experts say this posture puts strain on the entire upper body.Muscle strain linked to hand-held technology has become such a common condition that it now has a name：tech__neck．
Common symptoms of tech neck are neck pain，loss of feelings in your hands and fingers，headaches—both mild and severe—and poor posture.In the worst cases of tech neck，you can lose the strength of your hands and fingers.
You can take simple steps to improve tech neck.Take breaks from using your technology.Stand up and stretch your legs often.Also，give your eyes a break by closing them now and then throughout the day.Do neck exercises.Experts at the website Spine Universe recommend these three neck stretches.
1．Chin(下巴) Stretch
Move your chin towards your chest.Hold for 5 seconds.The stretch should be comfortable from your neck to the base of your skull.Repeat 10 times.
2．Side Lean
Lean your head to the right.Bring your ear close to the shoulder.Hold for 20 seconds.Bring your head back to the center，and then lean it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.
3．Side-to-Side Head Turning
Turn your chin towards your right shoulder.Hold for 20 seconds.Bring your head back to the center，and then turn it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.
And if your tech neck symptoms get worse，see a health care professional.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“科技颈”及其症状和危害，并给出了应对建议。
1．What does the underlined phrase “tech neck” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Neck pain caused by sports.
B．Cure for diseases by technology.
C．Protection against problems with certain devices.
D．Neck problems caused by technology devices.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Muscle strain linked to hand-held technology has become such a common condition that it now has a name”可知，“tech neck”指的是与便携式科技设备有关的肌肉紧张，并且已经成为一种常见的疾病，同时结合该段首句中的“great tension on your neck”可知，选项D“科技设备造成的颈部问题”意思与之相近。所以选D。
2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The harm of tech neck.
B．The meaning of tech neck.
C．The treatment of tech neck.
D．The worst result of tech neck.
A 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是首句中的“Common symptoms of tech neck”和第二句中的“worst”以及“you can lose”可知，本段主要讲述的是“tech neck”的常见症状和危害，所以选A。
3．Which of the following shows one of the correct gestures of “Side Lean”？
B 解析：细节理解题。根据2.Side Lean部分的“Lean your head to the right...Bring your head back to the center，and then lean it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.”可知，该部分叙述的动作是把头靠向肩膀，让耳朵贴近肩膀，故选项B所示的姿势正确。所以选B。
4．What do the first and third neck exercises have in common?
A．Shaking the head.
B．Touching the chest.
C．Moving the chin.
D．Turning in the same direction.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一个练习中的“Move your chin towards your chest.”和第三个练习中的“Turn your chin towards your right shoulder.”可知，这两套动作都涉及下巴的移动，所以选C。
B
Pollution’s serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.
As we know, the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.
The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity(生物多样性), improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live there.
The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.
Careful site selection is important to minimize(使减少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.
Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.
Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection, recycling and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, water power and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。
5．What can we know about green buildings?
A．Producing no waste.
B．Only using clean energy.
C．Being made of new materials.
D．Being environment-friendly.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。
6．What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?
A．Large. B．Small.
C．Green. D．Low.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。
7．What is the purpose of using green roofs?
A．To fit the environment.
B．To keep warm.
C．To collect nature water.
D．To reduce costs.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．Promoting energy efficiency.
B．Environmental benefits.
C．Green buildings.
D．Ecosystems and biodiversity.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的关键词“green buildings”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。
C
(2018·长春十一中高二模拟) In today’s world of smart phones and notebook computers, most people have at least one time-telling thing with them. Since these digital products are so common, is time running out for the 500-year-old watch? According to some consumers, the answer is yes. New Jersey teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is “an extra piece of equipment with no necessary fun_ction”. Many young adults think so and use their smart phones to tell time. It is said that fewer young people wear watches today than ten years ago. As a result, some people say that the watch industry is at a crossroads.
However, watchmakers optimistically say that watches regain popularity when consumers reach their 20s and 30s. By then, they are willing to spend money on a quality watch that doesn’t just keep good time. Fifty years ago, watchmakers took pride in their products’ accuracy. But in recent years, the watch industry has changed itself into an accessory(附属的) business. And today, the image a watch communicates has become more important than the time it tells.
“Complications”—features that go beyond simple timekeeping—are an important part of a watch’s image. Today’s watches offer lots of features that meet almost any personality. These features include compasses, USB drivers, and even other functions.
Creativity also plays a key role in designing today’s watches. For example, Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash makes watches that don’t even look like watches. The company’s popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell time. It looks more like a fashionable bracelet(手镯) than a watch.
Whether a watch communicates fashion sense, creative talent or a love of sports, consumers want their watches to stand out. Nowadays, everyone has the same kind of gadget(配件) in their bags, so people want to make a statement with what’s on their wrists. Will this interest in wrist fashion last? Only time will tell!
【解题导语】 随着科技的进步，手表的主要功能——显示时间，已经成为了附属功能。科技赋予手表更多的功能和时尚。
9．What can we know from the first paragraph?
A．As most people see, watches are out of fashion.
B．The watch industry will close down sooner or later.
C．Some people feel that watches have been of no use.
D．There are so many choices of watches for teenagers today.
C 解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的New Jersey teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is “an extra piece of equipment with no necessary fun_ction.” Many young adults think so and use their smart phones to tell time.可知一些人认为手表已经没有用了。
10．Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to________.
A．tell that today’s watches need more imagination
B．show why Shinshoku watches are popular
C．advertise Shinshoku watches made by Tokyoflash
D．make a comparison between watches and bracelets
A 解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段的The company’s popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell time. It looks more like a fashionable bracelet(手镯) than a watch.可知，只有设计上进行创新，富有想象力才能使手表不过时。
11．What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．Japanese Watches Stand Out
B．Watches Tell More than Time
C．Watch Industry Is in a Bad Situation
D．Watches Are Becoming Less Popular
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据本文的大意可知，手表现在增加了越来越多的功能，不仅仅是告诉人们时间，因此选B项。
七选五
Last week the electricity in my flat went out. 1.________My typical evening is spent watching TV and scrolling(滚动) through social media. That night this wasn’t possible. My roommate and I weren’t prepared with candles and matches. We just rely on electricity.
So for me it was an early night. 2.________That night, losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity, as basic as running water. But really, electricity is a luxury that we’ve grown to take for granted. I use electricity all the time, even when it’s not really necessary. 3.________And as I’m writing this, I have my lights on, even in the middle of the day when I don’t really need them.
4．________It contributes to global warming. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it. Not only that, but if we continue to use the same large amount of energy, we will soon run out of it.
How would we survive in a world without electricity? Our daily lives go around it. We wouldn’t be able to fun_ction. 5.________So, shouldn’t we start preparing for it now? Cutting down on our use of electricity would save energy resources so that they could last for longer. And if everyone does it, we can make a big difference.
A．Yet we know one day we will run out of it.
B．Our overuse of electricity is a big problem.
C．This left me in complete darkness the whole night.
D．It is a real problem to cut down on the use of electricity.
E．I know for sure I could cut down on my use of electricity.
F．I couldn’t help but think, do we rely too much on electricity?
G．I turn on the TV in the background even when I’m not watching it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。上周的停电对“我”的生活造成了很大影响，让“我”意识到珍惜电力资源的重要意义。过度用电会导致全球变暖，从而对环境有害，所以在不必要用电时我们应当节约用电。本文体现了学科核心素养中的“环保意识和节约意识”的文化品格。
1．C 解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，该句承上启下；由空处前一句“Last week the electricity in my flat went out.”，结合该段倒数第二句“My roommate and I weren’t prepared with candles and matches.”可知，上个星期“我”的公寓停电了，室友和“我”都没有准备蜡烛和火柴；据此可知，这导致“我”一整个晚上都在黑暗中度过，故C项正确。
2．F 解析：根据第一段最后一句“We just rely on electricity.”可知，我们只能依靠电，结合空处后一句“That night, losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity, as basic as running water.”可知，断电就如失去了水这一基本的生活必需品一样；据此可以判断，在遭遇断电后，“我”禁不住想到，我们是不是太依赖电了，故F项正确。
3．G 解析：根据空处前一句“I use electricity all the time, even when it’s not really necessary.”可知，“我”一直用电，即使在没有必要时；据此可以判断，空处具体陈述“我”浪费电的不良习惯，故G项符合语境。
4．B 解析：根据上文提到的“我”浪费的不良习惯，结合该段第二至三句“It contributes to global warming. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it.”可推知，过度用电导致了全球变暖，对我们的环境有害。据此可知，该段主要陈述过度用电这一问题，故B项正确。
5．A 解析：根据空处后两句“So, shouldn’t we...longer.”可知，减少用电将节约能源，这样电力资源就能供我们使用更长时间；据此可推知，空处说明我们必须节约用电的原因：然而终有一天我们将用完电力资源，故A项正确。
B卷
阅读理解
Some people are so rude!
Who sends an e－mail or a text message that just says “Thank you”？ Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on Google? Don’t these people realize that they’re wasting your time?
Maybe I’m the rude one for not appreciating life’s little politeness. But many social agreed standards just don’t make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
In texts, you don’t have to declare who you are or even say hello.E－mail, too, is slower than a text. Voice mail is a now impolite way of trying to connect.
My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages, none of which I listened to. Exasperated，he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls.“Why are you leaving him voice mail？”my sister asked. “Just text him.”
In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask once－acceptable questions about：the weather forecast, a business’s phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, which can be easily found on Google Maps. But people still ask these things. And when you answer, they respond with a thank－you e－mail.
How to handle these differing standards? Easy. Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank－you message. Others, like me, want no reply.
The anthropologist(人类学家) Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here’s hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time－wasting forms of communication do.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如今在智能手机时代，人们应该选择何种方式进行沟通。
1．What does the underlined word “Exasperated” mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．Worried. B．Surprised.
C．Annoyed. D．Tired.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句中的“he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls”可知，作者的父亲对作者不给自己回电话很不满，由此可推知Exasperated意思是“恼怒的，生气的”，故选C。
2．Why didn’t the writer reply to his father?
A．He liked text messages better.
B．He enjoyed checking his voice mail.
C．He didn’t receive any voice mail messages.
D．He didn’t want to talk with his father.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“‘Why are you leaving him voice mail？’my sister asked.‘Just text him.’”可推知，作者不喜欢用语音信箱，更偏爱发短信，故选A。
3．Which of the following does the writer agree to?
A．People needn’t learn from one another in traditional societies.
B．Dealing with voice mail should vary with each individual.
C．People needn’t turn to Google for help when in trouble.
D．Declaring who you are or saying hello in texts is necessary.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第七段的内容可推知，标准是变化的，处理方式应该因人而异，而不是一刀切，语音信箱的使用亦是如此，故选B。
4．What’s the best title of this passage?
A．Nowadays：What Should We Do with Text Messages?
B．Nowadays：Do You Like Leaving Others a Voice Message?
C．Nowadays：What Means Should We Use in Communication?
D．Nowadays：Do You Need a Thank-you Message?
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据对文章内容的整体理解可知，第三段引入本文话题，最后两段点题总结，本文主要讨论的是如今(在智能手机时代)我们应该用何种方式沟通，故选C项。
完形填空
Just out of college, he began working for the Ford Motor Company as a student engineer. He began to __1__ how cars were put together. However, he was__2__marketing more. One year later, Lee Iacocca, the son of an Italian, was promoted(提升) to a salesman.
In 1956, sales were __3__ at Ford. To help improve the sales, Iacocca __4__ the idea of installment(分期付款). His __5__ proved to be a great success. After years of hard work, in 1970，he __6__ the president of Ford Motor Company, second in command under Henry Ford Ⅱ.However，__7__ lay ahead.Henry Ford Ⅱ began to worry that Lee Iacocca would __8__ his family business. Therefore，Iacocca was __9__ and had to look for another job.
It wasn’t long before he was __10__ the position of president of Chrysler Corporation. When Chrysler announced the hiring of Lee Iacocca, they also announced their worst__11__ difficulty in history on the same day. The company might break down.__12__， Iacocca went to the U．S. government to seek loans(贷款). His request was refused at first, __13__ Iacocca didn’t quit. He argued if Chrysler failed, it would __14__ the country 2.75 billion dollars because of unemployment alone. His speech was so __15__ that Chrysler got the money. In his fight for the __16__ of the company, Lee cut his own salary to $1 a year. Later, the company began an advertisement campaign for their new car. __17__， the car soon became popular and the company was __18__．
Iacocca had the __19__ of never giving up and the willingness to take whatever measures for his company. His __20__ qualities are worthy of learning.
【解题导语】 Lee Iacocca曾担任福特汽车公司的总裁，后又担任克莱斯勒汽车公司的总裁，把这家濒临倒闭的公司从危境中拯救过来。
1．A.see B．notice
C．imagine D．learn
D 解析：根据前后文可知Lee Iacocca在大学毕业后在福特汽车公司当一个实习生，学习汽车装配的有关知识。故选learn。
2．A.interested in B．surprised at
C．aware of D．careful with
A 解析：根据下文可知，他对市场营销更感兴趣。故选interested in。
3．A.holding B．realizing
C．rising D．dropping
D 解析：根据语境可知，1956年福特公司销售量下滑，Lee Iacocca提出了分期付款的销售策略，促进汽车销量大增。故选dropping。
4．A.put forward B．made up
C．analyzed D．collected
A 解析：Lee Iacocca提出了分期付款的销售策略。put forward表示“提出(建议，计划等)”。
5．A.conclusion B．permission
C．suggestion D．protection
C 解析：此处表示他分期付款销售的建议后来取得了成功。
6．A.became B．visited
C．helped D．left
A 解析：根据语境可知，因为辛勤的工作和突出的业绩，Lee Iacocca成了福特公司的总裁，职位仅次于Henry Ford Ⅱ。故选became。
7．A.luck B．trouble
C．danger D．opportunity
B 解析：从前文可知，Lee Iacocca成为福特公司的总裁，但是倒霉的事即将来临，后文交代了怎么回事。故选trouble。
8．A.turn in B．put off
C．give up D．take over
D 解析：Henry Ford Ⅱ担心Lee Iacocca权力过于强大，会抢走他的家族产业。
9．A.blamed B．defeated
C．fired D．rejected
C 解析：因为Henry FordⅡ的担忧，Lee Iacocca被辞退了。故选fired。
10．A.promised B．offered
C．shown D．applied
B 解析：不久，克莱斯勒公司就提供了总裁的职位给Lee Iacocca。
11．A.production B．management
C．financial D．technical
C 解析：根据下文．..Iacocca went to the U．S. government to seek loans(贷款)．可知，Lee Iacocca去向政府申请贷款，由此判断Chrysler公司当时面临着史上最严重的财政困难，故选financial。
12．A.However B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．Instead
B 解析：公司因为经济困境可能破产倒闭，因此，Lee Iacocca去向政府申请贷款。故选Therefore。
13．A.so B．and
C．but D．or
C 解析：他的贷款申请一开始被拒绝了，但他并没有放弃。故选but。
14．A.save B．cost
C．give D．bring
B 解析：Lee Iacocca说，如果Chrysler公司倒闭了，国家仅仅失业救济金就得支付27.5亿美元。故选cost。
15．A.convincing B．amusing
C．boring D．disappointing
A 解析：根据前后文可知，Iacocca在向政府申请贷款时的发言是如此地令人信服，以致Chrysler公司得到了贷款。故选convincing。
16．A.reason B．contribution
C．situation D．survival
D 解析：前文提到Chrysler公司面临破产，可推测出此处为：Lee Iacocca为了这家公司的生存，他将他本人的工资消减到一年只拿一美元。故选survival。
17．A.Strictly B．Luckily
C．Strangely D．Carefully
B 解析：根据下文the car soon became popular可知，此处应选Luckily表示“幸运的是”。
18．A.changed B．stopped
C．saved D．created
C 解析：根据语境可知，克莱斯勒公司拿到了贷款，新车的销售也很成功，因此，公司得救了。故选saved。
19．A.attitude B．comment
C．concern D．career
A 解析：此处表示Lee Iacocca永不放弃的态度，故选attitude。comment“评论”；concern“关心，忧虑”；career“职业，事业”。
20．A.different B．changeable
C．hopeful D．excellent
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处应表示Lee Iacocca优秀的品质，故选excellent。
语法填空
Can knots(结) be a form of art? It is in China. There is a long history of using knots for decoration on clothing or to hang from the ceiling or on a wall. Skilled knot 1.____________(art) make complex knots that you can take back with you as souvenirs. They have a long history and a symbolic meaning even today.
People may have 2.____________(initial) made them to record information and convey messages 3.__________people started to write. One－hundred－thousand－year－old tools have been discovered that were probably used 4.____________(tie) and untie knots, and there is a 5.____________(refer) to knots in ancient literature. But it isn’t known when they started to be used symbolically or woven for art.
It is known that they 6.____________(use) for artistic decoration and to symbolize and express thoughts and feelings in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Empire was a large one 7.____________(cover) most of the regions of modern China, and the 8.____________(tradition) art form was carried on by succeeding generations 9.____________part of their culture.
Even today, Chinese knots are rich in symbolic meanings, and they therefore hold emotional value when given as gifts 10.____________passed down through families.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了结的发展历史和今天结的作用。
1．artists 解析：考查名词。根据该句中的“make complex knots that you can take back with you as souvenirs”可知，“Skilled knot____________”作主语，其中Skilled knot对空处进行修饰，此处缺名词，表示“人”，故可以确定应用名词artist；该词为可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故此处应用复数。
2．initially 解析：考查副词。根据该句中的动词“made”可知，空处修饰该动词，故用副词形式。
3．before 解析：考查连词。在开始用文字书写之前，人们起初可能用它们去记录和传递信息。before意为“在……之前”，符合语境。
4．to tie 解析：考查动词不定式。be used to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被用来做某事”。
5．reference 解析：考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词“a”并结合语境可知，此处表示“一本关于结的参考书”，故用refer的名词形式。
6．were used 解析：考查被动语态和时态。根据该句中的时间状语“in the Tang Dynasty”可知，此处陈述的事情发生在唐朝，故用一般过去时；根据语境可知，结在唐朝被用作艺术装饰并被用来表达思想情感；主语they和动词use之间是被动关系，故填were used。
7．covering 解析：考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，a large one和动词cover是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。
8．traditional 解析：考查形容词。根据空后的“art form”可知，空处修饰该名词短语，表示“传统的艺术形式”，故用形容词形式。
9．as 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，该处表示作为他们文化的一部分，这种传统的艺术形式被代代相传。as表示“作为”，符合语境。
10．or 解析：考查连词。由空前的“given as gifts”和空后的“passed down through families”可知，空处为选择关系，故填or。
课件34张PPT。Unit 20 New FrontiersUnit 20 New FrontiersUnit 20 New FrontiersUnit 20 New FrontiersUnit 20 New FrontiersUnit 20 New FrontiersUnit 20 New FrontiersUnit 20 New FrontiersUnit 20 New Frontiers本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
阅读理解
A
When we do the same movements with our bodies over and over again，we overuse some muscles.And the overuse can lead to strain(压力) and injury.Sometimes those problems can come from doing sports.But there is another cause of muscle problems：hand-held technology devices.
Staring down at your phone or tablet for long periods of time puts great tension on your neck.Experts say this posture puts strain on the entire upper body.Muscle strain linked to hand-held technology has become such a common condition that it now has a name：tech__neck．
Common symptoms of tech neck are neck pain，loss of feelings in your hands and fingers，headaches—both mild and severe—and poor posture.In the worst cases of tech neck，you can lose the strength of your hands and fingers.
You can take simple steps to improve tech neck.Take breaks from using your technology.Stand up and stretch your legs often.Also，give your eyes a break by closing them now and then throughout the day.Do neck exercises.Experts at the website Spine Universe recommend these three neck stretches.
1．Chin(下巴) Stretch
Move your chin towards your chest.Hold for 5 seconds.The stretch should be comfortable from your neck to the base of your skull.Repeat 10 times.
2．Side Lean
Lean your head to the right.Bring your ear close to the shoulder.Hold for 20 seconds.Bring your head back to the center，and then lean it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.
3．Side-to-Side Head Turning
Turn your chin towards your right shoulder.Hold for 20 seconds.Bring your head back to the center，and then turn it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.
And if your tech neck symptoms get worse，see a health care professional.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“科技颈”及其症状和危害，并给出了应对建议。
1．What does the underlined phrase “tech neck” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Neck pain caused by sports.
B．Cure for diseases by technology.
C．Protection against problems with certain devices.
D．Neck problems caused by technology devices.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Muscle strain linked to hand-held technology has become such a common condition that it now has a name”可知，“tech neck”指的是与便携式科技设备有关的肌肉紧张，并且已经成为一种常见的疾病，同时结合该段首句中的“great tension on your neck”可知，选项D“科技设备造成的颈部问题”意思与之相近。所以选D。
2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The harm of tech neck.
B．The meaning of tech neck.
C．The treatment of tech neck.
D．The worst result of tech neck.
A 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是首句中的“Common symptoms of tech neck”和第二句中的“worst”以及“you can lose”可知，本段主要讲述的是“tech neck”的常见症状和危害，所以选A。
3．Which of the following shows one of the correct gestures of “Side Lean”？
B 解析：细节理解题。根据2.Side Lean部分的“Lean your head to the right...Bring your head back to the center，and then lean it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.”可知，该部分叙述的动作是把头靠向肩膀，让耳朵贴近肩膀，故选项B所示的姿势正确。所以选B。
4．What do the first and third neck exercises have in common?
A．Shaking the head.
B．Touching the chest.
C．Moving the chin.
D．Turning in the same direction.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一个练习中的“Move your chin towards your chest.”和第三个练习中的“Turn your chin towards your right shoulder.”可知，这两套动作都涉及下巴的移动，所以选C。
B
Pollution’s serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.
As we know, the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.
The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity(生物多样性), improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live there.
The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.
Careful site selection is important to minimize(使减少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.
Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.
Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection, recycling and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, water power and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。
5．What can we know about green buildings?
A．Producing no waste.
B．Only using clean energy.
C．Being made of new materials.
D．Being environment-friendly.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。
6．What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?
A．Large. B．Small.
C．Green. D．Low.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。
7．What is the purpose of using green roofs?
A．To fit the environment.
B．To keep warm.
C．To collect nature water.
D．To reduce costs.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．Promoting energy efficiency.
B．Environmental benefits.
C．Green buildings.
D．Ecosystems and biodiversity.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的关键词“green buildings”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。
C
In today’s world of smart phones and notebook computers, most people have at least one time-telling thing with them. Since these digital products are so common, is time running out for the 500-year-old watch? According to some consumers, the answer is yes. New Jersey teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is “an extra piece of equipment with no necessary fun_ction”. Many young adults think so and use their smart phones to tell time. It is said that fewer young people wear watches today than ten years ago. As a result, some people say that the watch industry is at a crossroads.
However, watchmakers optimistically say that watches regain popularity when consumers reach their 20s and 30s. By then, they are willing to spend money on a quality watch that doesn’t just keep good time. Fifty years ago, watchmakers took pride in their products’ accuracy. But in recent years, the watch industry has changed itself into an accessory(附属的) business. And today, the image a watch communicates has become more important than the time it tells.
“Complications”—features that go beyond simple timekeeping—are an important part of a watch’s image. Today’s watches offer lots of features that meet almost any personality. These features include compasses, USB drivers, and even other functions.
Creativity also plays a key role in designing today’s watches. For example, Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash makes watches that don’t even look like watches. The company’s popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell time. It looks more like a fashionable bracelet(手镯) than a watch.
Whether a watch communicates fashion sense, creative talent or a love of sports, consumers want their watches to stand out. Nowadays, everyone has the same kind of gadget(配件) in their bags, so people want to make a statement with what’s on their wrists. Will this interest in wrist fashion last? Only time will tell!
【解题导语】 随着科技的进步，手表的主要功能——显示时间，已经成为了附属功能。科技赋予手表更多的功能和时尚。
9．What can we know from the first paragraph?
A．As most people see, watches are out of fashion.
B．The watch industry will close down sooner or later.
C．Some people feel that watches have been of no use.
D．There are so many choices of watches for teenagers today.
C 解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段的New Jersey teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is “an extra piece of equipment with no necessary fun_ction.” Many young adults think so and use their smart phones to tell time.可知一些人认为手表已经没有用了。
10．Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to________.
A．tell that today’s watches need more imagination
B．show why Shinshoku watches are popular
C．advertise Shinshoku watches made by Tokyoflash
D．make a comparison between watches and bracelets
A 解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段的The company’s popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell time. It looks more like a fashionable bracelet(手镯) than a watch.可知，只有设计上进行创新，富有想象力才能使手表不过时。
11．What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．Japanese Watches Stand Out
B．Watches Tell More than Time
C．Watch Industry Is in a Bad Situation
D．Watches Are Becoming Less Popular
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据本文的大意可知，手表现在增加了越来越多的功能，不仅仅是告诉人们时间，因此选B项。
七选五
Last week the electricity in my flat went out. 1.________My typical evening is spent watching TV and scrolling(滚动) through social media. That night this wasn’t possible. My roommate and I weren’t prepared with candles and matches. We just rely on electricity.
So for me it was an early night. 2.________That night, losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity, as basic as running water. But really, electricity is a luxury that we’ve grown to take for granted. I use electricity all the time, even when it’s not really necessary. 3.________And as I’m writing this, I have my lights on, even in the middle of the day when I don’t really need them.
4．________It contributes to global warming. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it. Not only that, but if we continue to use the same large amount of energy, we will soon run out of it.
How would we survive in a world without electricity? Our daily lives go around it. We wouldn’t be able to fun_ction. 5.________So, shouldn’t we start preparing for it now? Cutting down on our use of electricity would save energy resources so that they could last for longer. And if everyone does it, we can make a big difference.
A．Yet we know one day we will run out of it.
B．Our overuse of electricity is a big problem.
C．This left me in complete darkness the whole night.
D．It is a real problem to cut down on the use of electricity.
E．I know for sure I could cut down on my use of electricity.
F．I couldn’t help but think, do we rely too much on electricity?
G．I turn on the TV in the background even when I’m not watching it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。上周的停电对“我”的生活造成了很大影响，让“我”意识到珍惜电力资源的重要意义。过度用电会导致全球变暖，从而对环境有害，所以在不必要用电时我们应当节约用电。本文体现了学科核心素养中的“环保意识和节约意识”的文化品格。
1．C 解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，该句承上启下；由空处前一句“Last week the electricity in my flat went out.”，结合该段倒数第二句“My roommate and I weren’t prepared with candles and matches.”可知，上个星期“我”的公寓停电了，室友和“我”都没有准备蜡烛和火柴；据此可知，这导致“我”一整个晚上都在黑暗中度过，故C项正确。
2．F 解析：根据第一段最后一句“We just rely on electricity.”可知，我们只能依靠电，结合空处后一句“That night, losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity, as basic as running water.”可知，断电就如失去了水这一基本的生活必需品一样；据此可以判断，在遭遇断电后，“我”禁不住想到，我们是不是太依赖电了，故F项正确。
3．G 解析：根据空处前一句“I use electricity all the time, even when it’s not really necessary.”可知，“我”一直用电，即使在没有必要时；据此可以判断，空处具体陈述“我”浪费电的不良习惯，故G项符合语境。
4．B 解析：根据上文提到的“我”浪费的不良习惯，结合该段第二至三句“It contributes to global warming. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it.”可推知，过度用电导致了全球变暖，对我们的环境有害。据此可知，该段主要陈述过度用电这一问题，故B项正确。
5．A 解析：根据空处后两句“So, shouldn’t we...longer.”可知，减少用电将节约能源，这样电力资源就能供我们使用更长时间；据此可推知，空处说明我们必须节约用电的原因：然而终有一天我们将用完电力资源，故A项正确。
B卷
阅读理解
Some people are so rude!
Who sends an e－mail or a text message that just says “Thank you”？ Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on Google? Don’t these people realize that they’re wasting your time?
Maybe I’m the rude one for not appreciating life’s little politeness. But many social agreed standards just don’t make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
In texts, you don’t have to declare who you are or even say hello.E－mail, too, is slower than a text. Voice mail is a now impolite way of trying to connect.
My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages, none of which I listened to. Exasperated，he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls.“Why are you leaving him voice mail？”my sister asked. “Just text him.”
In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask once－acceptable questions about：the weather forecast, a business’s phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, which can be easily found on Google Maps. But people still ask these things. And when you answer, they respond with a thank－you e－mail.
How to handle these differing standards? Easy. Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank－you message. Others, like me, want no reply.
The anthropologist(人类学家) Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here’s hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time－wasting forms of communication do.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如今在智能手机时代，人们应该选择何种方式进行沟通。
1．What does the underlined word “Exasperated” mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．Worried. B．Surprised.
C．Annoyed. D．Tired.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句中的“he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls”可知，作者的父亲对作者不给自己回电话很不满，由此可推知Exasperated意思是“恼怒的，生气的”，故选C。
2．Why didn’t the writer reply to his father?
A．He liked text messages better.
B．He enjoyed checking his voice mail.
C．He didn’t receive any voice mail messages.
D．He didn’t want to talk with his father.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“‘Why are you leaving him voice mail？’my sister asked.‘Just text him.’”可推知，作者不喜欢用语音信箱，更偏爱发短信，故选A。
3．Which of the following does the writer agree to?
A．People needn’t learn from one another in traditional societies.
B．Dealing with voice mail should vary with each individual.
C．People needn’t turn to Google for help when in trouble.
D．Declaring who you are or saying hello in texts is necessary.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第七段的内容可推知，标准是变化的，处理方式应该因人而异，而不是一刀切，语音信箱的使用亦是如此，故选B。
4．What’s the best title of this passage?
A．Nowadays：What Should We Do with Text Messages?
B．Nowadays：Do You Like Leaving Others a Voice Message?
C．Nowadays：What Means Should We Use in Communication?
D．Nowadays：Do You Need a Thank-you Message?
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据对文章内容的整体理解可知，第三段引入本文话题，最后两段点题总结，本文主要讨论的是如今(在智能手机时代)我们应该用何种方式沟通，故选C项。
完形填空
Just out of college, he began working for the Ford Motor Company as a student engineer. He began to __1__ how cars were put together. However, he was__2__marketing more. One year later, Lee Iacocca, the son of an Italian, was promoted(提升) to a salesman.
In 1956, sales were __3__ at Ford. To help improve the sales, Iacocca __4__ the idea of installment(分期付款). His __5__ proved to be a great success. After years of hard work, in 1970，he __6__ the president of Ford Motor Company, second in command under Henry Ford Ⅱ.However，__7__ lay ahead.Henry Ford Ⅱ began to worry that Lee Iacocca would __8__ his family business. Therefore，Iacocca was __9__ and had to look for another job.
It wasn’t long before he was __10__ the position of president of Chrysler Corporation. When Chrysler announced the hiring of Lee Iacocca, they also announced their worst__11__ difficulty in history on the same day. The company might break down.__12__， Iacocca went to the U．S. government to seek loans(贷款). His request was refused at first, __13__ Iacocca didn’t quit. He argued if Chrysler failed, it would __14__ the country 2.75 billion dollars because of unemployment alone. His speech was so __15__ that Chrysler got the money. In his fight for the __16__ of the company, Lee cut his own salary to $1 a year. Later, the company began an advertisement campaign for their new car. __17__， the car soon became popular and the company was __18__．
Iacocca had the __19__ of never giving up and the willingness to take whatever measures for his company. His __20__ qualities are worthy of learning.
【解题导语】 Lee Iacocca曾担任福特汽车公司的总裁，后又担任克莱斯勒汽车公司的总裁，把这家濒临倒闭的公司从危境中拯救过来。
1．A.see B．notice
C．imagine D．learn
D 解析：根据前后文可知Lee Iacocca在大学毕业后在福特汽车公司当一个实习生，学习汽车装配的有关知识。故选learn。
2．A.interested in B．surprised at
C．aware of D．careful with
A 解析：根据下文可知，他对市场营销更感兴趣。故选interested in。
3．A.holding B．realizing
C．rising D．dropping
D 解析：根据语境可知，1956年福特公司销售量下滑，Lee Iacocca提出了分期付款的销售策略，促进汽车销量大增。故选dropping。
4．A.put forward B．made up
C．analyzed D．collected
A 解析：Lee Iacocca提出了分期付款的销售策略。put forward表示“提出(建议，计划等)”。
5．A.conclusion B．permission
C．suggestion D．protection
C 解析：此处表示他分期付款销售的建议后来取得了成功。
6．A.became B．visited
C．helped D．left
A 解析：根据语境可知，因为辛勤的工作和突出的业绩，Lee Iacocca成了福特公司的总裁，职位仅次于Henry Ford Ⅱ。故选became。
7．A.luck B．trouble
C．danger D．opportunity
B 解析：从前文可知，Lee Iacocca成为福特公司的总裁，但是倒霉的事即将来临，后文交代了怎么回事。故选trouble。
8．A.turn in B．put off
C．give up D．take over
D 解析：Henry Ford Ⅱ担心Lee Iacocca权力过于强大，会抢走他的家族产业。
9．A.blamed B．defeated
C．fired D．rejected
C 解析：因为Henry FordⅡ的担忧，Lee Iacocca被辞退了。故选fired。
10．A.promised B．offered
C．shown D．applied
B 解析：不久，克莱斯勒公司就提供了总裁的职位给Lee Iacocca。
11．A.production B．management
C．financial D．technical
C 解析：根据下文．..Iacocca went to the U．S. government to seek loans(贷款)．可知，Lee Iacocca去向政府申请贷款，由此判断Chrysler公司当时面临着史上最严重的财政困难，故选financial。
12．A.However B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．Instead
B 解析：公司因为经济困境可能破产倒闭，因此，Lee Iacocca去向政府申请贷款。故选Therefore。
13．A.so B．and
C．but D．or
C 解析：他的贷款申请一开始被拒绝了，但他并没有放弃。故选but。
14．A.save B．cost
C．give D．bring
B 解析：Lee Iacocca说，如果Chrysler公司倒闭了，国家仅仅失业救济金就得支付27.5亿美元。故选cost。
15．A.convincing B．amusing
C．boring D．disappointing
A 解析：根据前后文可知，Iacocca在向政府申请贷款时的发言是如此地令人信服，以致Chrysler公司得到了贷款。故选convincing。
16．A.reason B．contribution
C．situation D．survival
D 解析：前文提到Chrysler公司面临破产，可推测出此处为：Lee Iacocca为了这家公司的生存，他将他本人的工资消减到一年只拿一美元。故选survival。
17．A.Strictly B．Luckily
C．Strangely D．Carefully
B 解析：根据下文the car soon became popular可知，此处应选Luckily表示“幸运的是”。
18．A.changed B．stopped
C．saved D．created
C 解析：根据语境可知，克莱斯勒公司拿到了贷款，新车的销售也很成功，因此，公司得救了。故选saved。
19．A.attitude B．comment
C．concern D．career
A 解析：此处表示Lee Iacocca永不放弃的态度，故选attitude。comment“评论”；concern“关心，忧虑”；career“职业，事业”。
20．A.different B．changeable
C．hopeful D．excellent
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处应表示Lee Iacocca优秀的品质，故选excellent。
语法填空
Can knots(结) be a form of art? It is in China. There is a long history of using knots for decoration on clothing or to hang from the ceiling or on a wall. Skilled knot 1.____________(art) make complex knots that you can take back with you as souvenirs. They have a long history and a symbolic meaning even today.
People may have 2.____________(initial) made them to record information and convey messages 3.__________people started to write. One－hundred－thousand－year－old tools have been discovered that were probably used 4.____________(tie) and untie knots, and there is a 5.____________(refer) to knots in ancient literature. But it isn’t known when they started to be used symbolically or woven for art.
It is known that they 6.____________(use) for artistic decoration and to symbolize and express thoughts and feelings in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Empire was a large one 7.____________(cover) most of the regions of modern China, and the 8.____________(tradition) art form was carried on by succeeding generations 9.____________part of their culture.
Even today, Chinese knots are rich in symbolic meanings, and they therefore hold emotional value when given as gifts 10.____________passed down through families.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了结的发展历史和今天结的作用。
1．artists 解析：考查名词。根据该句中的“make complex knots that you can take back with you as souvenirs”可知，“Skilled knot____________”作主语，其中Skilled knot对空处进行修饰，此处缺名词，表示“人”，故可以确定应用名词artist；该词为可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故此处应用复数。
2．initially 解析：考查副词。根据该句中的动词“made”可知，空处修饰该动词，故用副词形式。
3．before 解析：考查连词。在开始用文字书写之前，人们起初可能用它们去记录和传递信息。before意为“在……之前”，符合语境。
4．to tie 解析：考查动词不定式。be used to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被用来做某事”。
5．reference 解析：考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词“a”并结合语境可知，此处表示“一本关于结的参考书”，故用refer的名词形式。
6．were used 解析：考查被动语态和时态。根据该句中的时间状语“in the Tang Dynasty”可知，此处陈述的事情发生在唐朝，故用一般过去时；根据语境可知，结在唐朝被用作艺术装饰并被用来表达思想情感；主语they和动词use之间是被动关系，故填were used。
7．covering 解析：考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，a large one和动词cover是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。
8．traditional 解析：考查形容词。根据空后的“art form”可知，空处修饰该名词短语，表示“传统的艺术形式”，故用形容词形式。
9．as 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，该处表示作为他们文化的一部分，这种传统的艺术形式被代代相传。as表示“作为”，符合语境。
10．or 解析：考查连词。由空前的“given as gifts”和空后的“passed down through families”可知，空处为选择关系，故填or。
Section Ⅱ Lesson 1—Language Points
1．software n． 软件
2．mass n. 质量；物质
3．radioactive adj. 放射性的
4．recreation n. 消遣；娱乐
5．download vt. 下载
6．update vt. 更新
7．conflict__n. 争执；冲突
8．assist vt.帮助；协助→assistance n．协助；援助→assistant n．助手
9．technical adj.技术上的→technology n．技术；工艺；术语
10．latter n．后者→late adj.晚的；迟到的→lately adv.近来
11．shortly adv.不久；很快→short adj.短的
12．worn adj.磨损的→wear v. 磨损； 穿着， 戴着
13．starvation n．饥饿→starve v．挨饿；饿死
14．equality n．平等→equal adj.平等的→equally adv.同样地；平等地
15．assess vt.评估；评价→assessment n．评价
16．electronic adj.电子的→electricity n．电； 电流， 静电
1．look__into 调查；朝……里看
2．for__fun 为了好玩
3．be__based__on 以……为基础
4．die__of 死于……
5．live__on 靠……生活
6．carry__out 执行
1．what引导宾语从句
Some like to read fantasy stories and imagine what__the__world__will__be__like(世界将是什么样子) in 10, 50 or even 1，000 years’ time.
2．“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
By the year 2015，the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no__matter__what__you__spill__on__them(不论你将什么东西洒到这些材料上)．
3．so...that...句型
Red wine stains will no longer ruin clothes.Garments will also be so__strong__that(如此结实以至于) they will never get old and worn.
4．倍数的表达法
By the middle of the century，computers that are millions__of__times__smarter(聪明百万倍) than us will have been developed.
mass n．质量；物质；团；块；堆
adj.大批的；数量极多的；广泛的
①(经典例句)On his desk is a mass of books and papers.
他的书桌上有大堆的书籍和文件。
②Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.
一些人或许认为花园仅仅是植物、花和很多的颜色。
a mass of/masses of 大量；大批；众多
the masses 群众
the mass of 大部分的
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)They will hold a meeting to discuss the problem of mass(mass) unemployment.
(2)Our cause needs the support of the masses(mass)．
(3)Masses(mass) of people attended the meeting that day.
(4)The mass of the population could not afford such goods.
assist vt.帮助；协助
①(经典例句)These tools can assist you with problem resolution.
这些工具可以帮助你解决问题。
②During the absence of my secretary，she came to my assistance.
我的秘书不在时，她来帮助我。
(1)assist sb.to do/in doing... 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n. 帮助，援助，协助
come to one’s assistance 帮助某人
with the assistance of 在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助理，助手；售货员
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)在朋友的帮助下，我逐渐适应了新学校。
With__the__assistance__of__my__friend，I gradually adapted to the new school.
(2)我会让我的助理去机场接你。
I will have__my__assistant__to__pick__you__up at the airport.
look into 展望； 向……里面看； 调查
①(教材P20)Hannah Jones looks into the future.
汉娜·琼斯展望未来。
②The committee is looking into the cause of the accident.
委员会正在调查事故的原因。
③Police are looking into the case of the disappearance of two children.
警察正在调查两个孩子失踪的案子。
look back on/upon 回顾
look down upon 看不起
look up to sb. 尊敬/钦佩某人
look through 浏览； 仔细检查； 识破
look up 查阅
look out 当心
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)那些老战士们喜欢回忆在部队的那些难忘的日子。
The old soldiers like to look__back__on those unforgettable days in the army.
(2)很多人看不起比自己穷的人。
Many people look__down__upon the poorer people.
(3)当你遇到一些新单词时， 不要总查词典。
When you come across some new words, you mustn’t look__up them in the dictionary all the time.
latter n．后者 adj.后者的，最后的
①(教材P20)In the 18th and 19th centuries, especially the latter，the most common theme in science fiction novels was the future.
在18世纪和19世纪，特别是后者，科幻小说最普遍的主题就是未来。
②He did well in both school work and sport and won a number of medals in the latter. 他在学业和体育两方面都表现得很好， 在后者上还赢得了数枚奖牌。
the latter 后者
the former...the latter... 前者……后者……
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)这位老人在后半生中对音乐很感兴趣。
The old man was interested in music in__his__latter__years．
(2)他们养马和牛， 前者供乘骑， 后者供食用。
They keep horses and cattle, the former for riding, the__latter__for__food．
latter
n.(两者中的)后者；adj.后期的， 后面的， 最后的。 常构成短语： the former...the latter...“前者……后者……”
late
adj.& adv.晚的(地), 迟的(地)
lately
同recently “近来， 最近”， 多与现在完成时连用， 也可与一般过去时连用
later
(1)单独使用， 意为： 后来， 以后， 用于过去时或将来时；
(2)还可意为： 后期的， 较后的， 晚期的。 例如： his later works；later on;
(3)时间段＋later, 用于过去时态， 意为： ……之后
latest
adj.& adv.最新的(地), 最迟的(地)
Ann and Hank arrived almost 4 hours later than planned.Later, the latter went to see the latest movie late that evening.
starvation n．饥饿；饿死
①(教材P20)By the year 2025，no one will die of starvation because there will be food for everyone.
到2025年，没有人会死于饥饿，因为人人都会有食物。
②Millions are threatened by starvation and disease each year. 每年都有数以百万的人受到饥饿和疾病的威胁。
(1)starve vt.& vi. (使)饿死； 饿得要死
starve to death 饿死
starve for sth. 渴望获得某物； 缺乏某物
starve sb.into doing sth. 用饥饿迫使某人做某事
(2)starved adj. 缺乏的； 挨饿的
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)His pet dog died of starvation(starve) ten days ago.
(2)The woman had been away for a long time and her child was starved__to__death at home.
(3)The homeless are all starving__for__love and attention.
(4)I’m feeling starved(starve) of intelligent conversation.
live on 继续生活或生存； 以……为主食
①(教材P20)No one will have to live on welfare as everyone will have jobs and discrimination will be a part of the past. 没有人会不得不依靠福利生活，因为每一个人都会有工作，歧视将成为历史。
②Mrs.Woods lived on for nearly 20 years after her husband died.
伍兹夫人在她丈夫去世后继续生活了将近20年。
live through 经历……还活着
live up to 遵守； 实践； 符合
live a...life 过着……样的生活
live for 为……而活着
live with 寄宿在……； 忍受
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)我们学会了靠我妻子挣得的一点钱生存。
We learned to live__on__the little money my wife earned.
(2)这位老人经历了两次世界大战。
The old man lived__through both world wars.
(3)对于许多人来讲为钱而活是不对的。
It is not right for many people to live__for money.
conflict n．冲突；矛盾；争执 vi.发生冲突
①(教材P20)There will therefore no longer be any conflict and people will be able to live together in peace and equality.
因此世界上不再有任何冲突， 人们将能够在和平与平等中一起生活。
②Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people.
其他文化领域的人们或许以其他方式使用沉默，特别是在处理人们之间的冲突时。
(1)come into conflict with... 与……发生争执
be in conflict with...over... 与……在……方面
有争执
(2)conflict with... 与……有冲突
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)The man often comes into conflict with__his wife.
(2)She is in conflict with her employer__over sickness pay.
(3)Our views on childcare often conflict(conflict)．
equality n．平等
①(教材P20)There will therefore no longer be any conflict and people will be able to live together in peace and equality. 因此世界上不再有任何冲突， 人们将能够在和平与平等中一起生活。
②Countless people have died trying to achieve basic equality for women.
无数人为争取女性基本的平等权利献出了生命。
(1)equal adj. 平等的； 相等的； 能胜任的
v. 等于； 比得上
be equal to... 和……相等； 能胜任……
be equal in... 在……比得上
(2)equally adv. 平等地； 公平地
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)One unit of alcohol is equal__to__one small glass of wine.
(2)I’m sure that the young man will be equal to the job.
(3)The leader agreed to treat all the cases__equally(equal)．
assess vt.评价；评估
①(教材P20)Tiny，insect?like robots may be sent around the cells of our bodies to assess our health and carry out repairs to keep us healthy.
可以把微小的、如昆虫一样大的机器人放置于人体细胞中，评估我们的健康状况并进行修复工作以保持我们的健康。
②We tried to assess his suitability for the job.
我们想评估一下他是否适合这个工作。
③The value of your property will be assessed by our agent next week.
下周我们的经纪人将评估你的财产价值。
assessment n． 评估； 评价
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)It is improper for us to assess(assessment) his work according to the standard.
(2)The investigation was reopened after careful__assessment(assess) of new evidence.
[能力提升]——完成句子
(3)我们将对洪灾造成的损失进行评估。
We__will__assess__the__damages__caused by the flood.
(4)她看了看房子并估算了其市场价值。
She looked at the house and assessed__its__market__value．
①(教材P20)Tiny，insect?like robots may be sent around the cells of our bodies to assess our health and carry out repairs to keep us healthy.
可以把微小的、如昆虫一样大的机器人放置于人体细胞中，评估我们的健康状况并进行修复工作以保持我们的健康。
②I do believe that you will carry out your promise.
我确实相信你会实现你的诺言。
③We carried out her instructions to the letter.
我们不折不扣地执行了她的指示。
carry away 拿走，运走； 使失去自制力
carry back 运回，拿回
carry on/with 继续开展，坚持下去
carry through 进行(到底); 贯彻；
使渡过(困难、危险等)
carry off 获得(奖赏)，夺去
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)如果约翰继续这样工作， 他迟早会累垮的。
If John carries__on working like this, he’ll break down sooner or later.
(2)他的勇气将帮助他渡过难关。
His courage will carry__him__through the difficulties.
(3)这位著名的女演员在典礼上夺得了大奖。
The famous actress carried__off__the big prize at the ceremony.
(教材P20)By the year 2015，the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.
到2015年，服装行业将生产出新型的材料，不论你将什么东西洒在上面，都不会留下污点。
(1)no matter what在这里引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”。
(2)“no matter＋how/when/where/who/which”一般只用于引导让步状语从句；whatever/whichever/whoever既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句；whenever/wherever用于引导让步状语从句，whenever还可以引导时间状语从句，wherever还可以引导地点状语从句，但两者不能引导名词性从句。
①No matter what books you may read, just remember to absorb what is of value.
不管你读什么书， 记住吸收有价值的内容。
②We will complete the project on time, no matter what happens.
无论发生什么事情， 我们都将按时完成这项工程。
③No matter when(＝Whenever) you come, we will give you a warm welcome.
无论你什么时候来， 我们都热烈欢迎你。
[基础练习]——完成句子
(1)事实上， 他是谁并不重要。
As a matter of fact, whoever__he__is doesn’t matter.
(2)导游说， 你可以拿你喜欢的任何东西。
The guide said that you could take whatever__you__like．
[能力提升]——指出下列句子表达的正(T)误(F)
(3)No matter where you are, I will be waiting here for you.(T)
(4)No matter who breaks the law will be punished.(F)
(5)Could I speak to no matter who is in charge of this company？(F)
(6)Whoever arrives late will have to pay the bill.(T)
(教材P20)Garments will also be so strong that they will never get old and worn.
衣服也将很牢固结实，永远不会变旧或磨损。
句中的so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
(1)so...that...常用于如下结构：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that...
so＋many/much/little/few＋可数名词复数或不可数名词＋that...
(2)such...that...也可引导结果状语从句，常用于如下结构：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that...
such＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋that...
such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that...
①I was so excited that I decided to tell them the good news.
我是如此激动以至于决定告诉他们那个好消息。
②The film When We Were Young was so nice a film that we all liked it.
电影《不朽的时光》是如此好的电影， 我们都喜欢它。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)There are__so__many people in the meeting room that I can’t find one seat to sit on.
(2)He is such a good student that all teachers like him.
(3)So worried was the woman that she couldn’t say a word.
在so...that..., such...that...句子中， 当so/such位于句首时， 其后的句子需倒装， 而that后的句子不需倒装。
(教材P20)By the middle of the century，computers that are millions of times smarter than us will have been developed. 到本世纪中叶，比我们聪明几百万倍的电脑将被研制出来。
句中的millions of times smarter than表示倍数， 是“A＋be＋倍数＋形容词比较级＋than＋B”结构。常见的倍数的表达：
(1)A＋be＋倍数＋形容词比较级＋than＋B
(2)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as＋B
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/length/width/weight/height...)＋of＋B
The house is exactly twice bigger than that one.
这座房子比那座恰好大两倍。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Your handwriting is 100 times better(good) than mine.
(2)His apartment is three times as large as that of mine.
(3)The earth is 49 times__the__size of the moon.
品句填词
1．The websites offer varieties of free software for Internet users to ____________(下载)．
答案：download
2．____________(不久) after you left, a man came into the office looking for you.
答案：Shortly
3．Both sides realized that they should settle the __________(冲突) peacefully.
答案：conflict
4．In spite of all our efforts, the ____________(企业) ended in failure.
答案：enterprise
5．Workers regularly check the machines and replace the ____________(磨损的) parts.
答案：worn
6．The milkman gets up before ____________(拂晓) every day to deliver milk along streets.
答案：dawn
7．This small case is ____________(方便使用的) for use when you are traveling.
答案：handy
8．One can travel there by ship or plane but most people choose the ____________(后者)．
答案：latter
9．Over three hundred people have died of ____________(饥饿) since the beginning of the year.
答案：starvation
10．Before you close the electronic document, you need to ____________(点击) the “save” button.
答案：click
单句改错
1．The mass of the population in this town is willing to move to a new place.
____________________
答案：is→are
2．An equal acceptable solution could surely be found elsewhere.____________________
答案：equal→equally
3．The man has made so a terrible mistake that he will be fired. ____________________
答案：so→such
4．The old man told us that this river was twice as longer as that one.____________________
答案：longer→long
5．I myself will firmly carry away this plan. ____________________
答案：away→out
完成句子
1．这条路是那条路的三倍宽。
The road is ______________________________________________________________
that one.
答案：three times as wide as/three times the width of
2．她使这项计划的实施成为可能。
She ________________ to carry out the plan.
答案：made it possible
3．老师给我们一个如此难的问题以至于没有人能解出来。
Our teacher gave us ______________________________ nobody could solve it.
答案：so difficult a problem that
4．无论做什么工作， 你都要坚持完成。
________________________， you must keep on until you have finished it.
答案：Whatever/No matter what work you do
5．会议竟然取消了， 我们都感到很遗憾。
We all thought ________________ the conference should have been cancelled.
答案：it a pity that
课文语法填空
Nowadays, masses of people wonder about the future.Some imagine 1.____________ the world will be like in the future.Some authors even predicted things that have since happened.However, for some people, 2.____________(think) about the future is not just for fun.They plan the future of the world for a living, 3.____________ are called futurologists.A seminar 4.____________(hold) at Newcastle this weekend.Lots of people will attend it with the hope of starting new enterprises 5.____________(base) on the predictions they will hear at the meeting.I clicked into the websites of a few futurologists and learnt some 6.____________(predict)．Here are some:
By the year 2025, no one will die of 7.____________(starve) because there will be food for everyone.
By the year 2030, people can live 8.____________ at least 150 years.Tiny robots may be sent around the cells of our bodies to assess our health and carry out repairs to keep us 9.____________(health)．
In the next few years, computers will become 10.____________(handy)．
答案：1.what 2.thinking 3.who 4.will be held
5．based 6.predictions 7.starvation 8.for 9.healthy
10．handier
A卷
单句语法填空
1．We asked him to assist us in ____________(design) a new bridge.
答案：designing
2．I prefer the ____________(late) picture to the former.
答案：latter
3．They crowned the new king shortly ____________ his father’s death.
答案：after
4．The book is ____________(wear) out and has ink stain on its cover.
答案：worn
5．Many sheep died of ____________(starve) in the thick snow.
答案：starvation
6．Your statement is in conflict ____________ other evidence.
答案：with
7．We must send someone to look ____________ the matter.
答案：into
8．The value of this property ____________(assess) at one million dollars.
答案：was assessed
9．A gentleman should not be down on others ____________ happens.
答案：whatever
10．The population of this city is twice ____________(large) than that of that city.
答案：larger
阅读理解
Lately a popular bookstore in Hefei，Anhui Province，has risen__to__fame because it becomes the world’s first shared bookstore，in a move meant to encourage more reading among Chinese citizens.
It comes to people’s attention as more than 200，000 visitors flooded the store on its first day as a shared bookstore on July 16 this year，a record high since it was reopened to the public in 2013. Some 4，000 books were brought home on the first day，Thepaper.cn reported.
Customers are allowed to borrow up to two books valued at under 150 yuan per visit after registering with an app and paying the 99 yuan deposit(押金)．
All books on sale in the bookstore are available for sharing. Returned books that are damaged are sold at a discount. The bookstore also provides a bonus for bookworms. People who finish reading 12 books in three months receive eight percent of their deposit back，and members can be rewarded with one yuan for every book read.
“We want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books，” Xu Xinwei，who helps run the bookstore，told Thepaper.cn.
Some parents buy a lot of books for their children，but they usually end up collecting dust as their children grow up. Similarly，some popular novels for young people also fall out of fashion，according to Xu. “Books are more effectively circulated when they’re shared.”
【解题导语】 本文介绍了安徽省合肥市成立的世界上第一家共享书店，该书店鼓励人们阅读更多的书。
1．The bookstore becomes a shared one________．
A．to make more money
B．to make more room for new books
C．to inspire more people to read
D．to recommend new books
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “it becomes the world’s first shared bookstore，in a move meant to encourage more reading”可知，这个书店成为一家共享书店是为了更好地推广阅读。故选C项。
2．What does the underlined phrase “risen to fame” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Become well-known.
B．Settled down.
C．Broken up.
D．Taken over.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“popular” 一词，以及第二段中的“more than 200，000 visitors...public”可知，这家书店应该很受欢迎。rise to fame意为“出名”。故选A项。
3．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The bookstore was once the best in Anhui Province.
B．The books that are sold here can’t be borrowed.
C．More than 4，000 books were taken home on July 16 in 2013.
D．The cost of reading can be reduced by sharing the books.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“We want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books”可推知，共享图书可能会降低阅读成本，这样人们可以阅读更多书。故选D项。
4．What does the bookstore do to attract more readers?
A．The bookstore encourages parents to buy more books for their children.
B．The readers are allowed to borrow the books unconditionally.
C．The readers who are members can receive one yuan for every book read.
D．The bookstore is considering offering a bonus for anyone who likes reading.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“and members can be rewarded with one yuan for every book read”可知，共享书店的会员每读一本书可以得到一元钱的奖励。故选C项。
完形填空
When I joined a private football league a few years ago, the sport meant everything to me. My coach(教练) said that I had lots of potential(潜力), and I became captain of my __1__. That was before all the fun was taken out of __2__．
At first, everyone on the team got __3__ playing time. Then the team moved up to the top division after winning all its games, and the __4__ started. Some parents, who had paid the coach extra so their children could have __5__ one-to-one training, got angry when the coach didn’t give them more playing time in our __6__. The coach was replaced.
The new coach, however, took all the fun out of the game. All we did during practice was __7__. I always wished to God that it would rain so we would not have the __8__. Of course, all teams run drills; they were __9__. But we ran so much that, afterwards, we had trouble __10__．Younger people shouldn’t be doing exercises __11__ for 18-year-olds.
I was very thin __12__ I started football, but as a member of this team I wouldn’t eat much, because I was afraid of being too __13__ to run. I feared making mistakes, and the added pressure caused me to make more than my usual __14__．
Is all this pressure necessary? I __15__ up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, and two of them stopped playing football completely. That’s __16__， because they had so much potential. They were just burned-out with all the pressure they __17__ from the coach or their parents.
I continued playing football at school and __18__ my love for it. I joined a private team coached by my school coach. When I started playing __19__ him, he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous. After I __20__ down, I played better. When you enjoy something, it’s a lot easier to do it well.
1．A.class B．club
C．team D．board
C 解析：从上文“I joined a private football league”可知，后来“我”成为了该队的队长。
2．A.playing B．living
C．learning D．working
A 解析：那都是发生在踢球的乐趣被剥夺之前的事，playing在此指“踢球”这件事。
3．A.great B．equal
C．right D．extra
B 解析：一开始，大家上场踢球的时间是一样多的。
4．A.business B．struggle
C．attempt D．pressure
D 解析：下文开始讲孩子们的压力来源。
5．A.free B．private
C．good D．basic
B 解析：有些父母额外付费，以使他们的孩子获得私下里一对一的训练。
6．A.matches B．courses
C．lessons D．programs
A 解析：当教练不给那些(额外付费的)孩子更多比赛上场的时间时，他们的父母就生气了。
7．A.jump B．play
C．run D．shoot
C 解析：由下文可知，“我们”所做的练习就是：跑。
8．A.duty B．meeting
C．operation D．training
D 解析：training “训练”。
9．A.necessary B．boring
C．scientific D．practical
A 解析：这些训练是必须的。
10．A.speaking B．moving
C．sleeping D．breathing
D 解析：跑的训练进行了那么多，后来“我们”气都喘不上来。
11．A.used B．intended
C．made D．described
B 解析：exercises intended for 18-year-olds(“我们”进行的)训练是为18岁的孩子准备的。
12．A.till B．since
C．before D．because
C 解析：在开始踢球之前。
13．A.full B．tired
C．lazy D．big
A 解析：full表示“吃饱的”。
14．A.size B．share
C．space D．state
B 解析：share在此用作名词，“平均；均分”；句意为：“我”害怕犯错误，而额外的这些压力却使“我”比平时犯的错误还多。
15．A.gave B．kept
C．ended D．picked
C 解析：end up doing“以做某事而告终”；指离开足球队。
16．A.sad B．shameful
C．silly D．serious
A 解析：真是令人感到悲伤的事。
17．A.received B．suffered
C．brought D．felt
D 解析：她们因为感受到来自于教练或父母的压力而疲惫不堪。
18．A.reconsidered B．rediscovered
C．reformed D．replaced
B 解析：重新找到了对足球的热爱。
19．A.at B．by
C．for D．around
C 解析： 当“我”开始为教练踢球的时候，教练告诉“我”要放松。
20．A.fell B．stepped
C．slowed D．calmed
D 解析：calm down“平静/镇定下来”。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later？Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least.
“This is an animal study，but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important—not just for physical development，but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive(认知的) development during ageing，”says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto，Canada. “In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默病)，possibly to the point of preventing it.”
Wojtowicz’s team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups，and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks. Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box. When placed in the box, they froze with fear.
Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations：exactly the same box in the same room，the same box with the room arranged differently，and a completely different box in a different room.
The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations，suggesting they couldn’t remember which one was dangerous. But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.
“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when we’re young，at least for rats，has influence on the brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we’re older，”says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston，who has found that，in humans，exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，从而得出早期锻炼对大脑终身有好处的结论。
1．The study shows that________．
A．physical activity is important for physical health
B．using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats’ growth
C．physical activity can prevent humans’ Alzheimer’s disease
D．the more exercise a rat has when young，the better memory it will possess when older
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容尤其是第二句“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least.”可知，早期锻炼似乎对大脑终身有好处，至少对老鼠来说是这样的。故选D项。
2．How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes.
B．By giving an example.
C．By describing the process.
D．By showing differences.
C 解析：写作手法题。根据第三段内容和第四段的“Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。C项意为“通过描述过程”，故选C项。
3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Exercise. B．Development.
C．Benefit. D．Study.
A 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的“but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important”及“In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默病)”可知，身体活动很重要，对人类来说，它可能会推迟阿尔茨海默病的出现。因此 “it” 在文中指的是“physical activity”，A项与其同义，故选A项。
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the animal study?
A．Negative. B．Objective.
C．Critical. D．Doubtful.
B 解析：观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果，并引用数据进行说明，由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。B项意为“客观的”，故选B项。
B
Peter Owen was born in Wales in 1771.At the age of ten he went to work.His employer had a large private library so Owen was able to educate himself.He read a lot in his spare time and at nineteen he was given the job of superintendent(监工) at a Manchester cotton mill.He was so successful there that he persuaded his employer to buy the New Lanark mill in Scotland.
When he arrived at New Lanark it was a dirty little town with a population of 2，000 people.Nobody paid any attention to the workers’ houses or their children’s education.The conditions in the factories were very bad.There was a lot of crime and the men spent most of their wages on alcoholic drinks.
Owen improved the houses.He encouraged people to be clean and save money.He opened a shop and sold the workers’ cheap, well-made goods to help them.He limited the sale of alcoholic drinks.Above all, he fixed his mind on the children’s education.In 1816 he opened the first free primary school in Britain.
People came from all over the country to visit Owen’s factory.They saw that the workers were healthier and more efficient than in other towns.Their children were better fed and better educated.Owen tried the same experiment in the United States.He bought some land there in 1825, but the community was too far away.He could not keep it under control and lost most of his money.
Owen never stopped fighting for his idea.Above all he believed that people are not born good or bad.He was a practical man and his ideas were practical.“If you give people good working conditions，” he thought, “they will work well and, the most important thing of all, if you give them the chance to learn, they will be better people.”
【解题导语】 本文介绍了Peter Owen的奋斗史。 他从小家境贫寒， 十岁开始打工， 在雇主的私人图书馆里读了很多书， 后来成为成功人士， 致力于改善一些地方的教育情况。他始终相信，改善人们的工作条件， 会让人们更好地工作。
5．For Owen, his greatest achievement in New Lanark was ________．
A．improving workers’ houses
B．helping people to save money
C．preventing men from getting drunk
D．providing the children with a good education
D 解析：细节理解题。 根据文中第三段的Above all, he fixed his mind on the children’s education.可知， 他最大的成就就是给孩子们提供了好的教育。
6．From the passage we may infer that Owen was born ________．
A．in a rich family
B．in a noble family
C．in a poor family
D．in a middle class family
C 解析：推理判断题。 根据文中第一段的Peter Owen was born in Wales in 1771.At the age of ten he went to work.可知， 他十岁就开始打工， 家境一定很贫寒。 故选C项。
7．Owen’s experiment in the United States failed because ________．
A．he lost all his money
B．he did not buy enough land
C．people who visited it were not impressed
D．it was too far away for him to organize it properly
D 解析：细节理解题。 根据文中倒数第二段的．..but the community was too far away.He could not keep it under control and lost most of his money.可知， 失败的原因是距离他太远了， 所以无法适当地管理。
8．We may infer from the passage that no children in Britain could enjoy free education until ________．
A．1771 B．1816
C．1825 D．1860
B 解析：细节理解题。 根据文中第三段的In 1816 he opened the first free primary school in Britain.可知， 从1816年开始， 英国的孩子才开始享受免费教育。
七选五
China has been the birthplace of many of the world’s greatest inventions.It was，for example，the first country to produce paper money.Before the invention of paper money and coins，people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling.1.________This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering.
2．________In 1200 BC，people in China began to use shells(贝壳) as money.Usually the shells used as money were very small.This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances，and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country.
In the years which followed this invention，many other countries around the world began to do the same.3.________
The next development was in 1000 BC，when China started making bronze and copper shells.It wasn’t long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.4.________By 500 BC，metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece，and later in the Roman Empire.
About 1，000 years later，leather was used as money in China，and in 806 AD，the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people.5.________
A．People also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs.
B．However，as economies developed，such exchanges became impractical.
C．It was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.
D．They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.
E．As time went by，trade between countries increased.
F．During that time，for example，buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.
G．The very first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要按照时间顺序讲述了中国和世界上其他国家货币发展的历史。
1．F 解析：根据空前的“people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling”及空后的“This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering.”可知，此处主要讲的是“物物交换”，F项中的“buying a chicken might cost several potatoes”是“物物交换”的一个例子，符合上下文文意，故选F项。
2．B 解析：本文第一段讲的是“物物交换”；根据空后的“In 1200 BC，people in China began to use shells(贝壳) as money.Usually the shells used as money were very small.”可知，第二段讲的是“贝壳作为货币使用”，故此空的作用是承上启下。B项中的“such exchanges”与第一段最后一句中的“This exchange”相呼应，且B项中的“However”以及“impractical”表明“物物交换”有局限性，所以出现了更加方便携带的贝壳货币，符合上下文文意，故选B项。
3．D 解析：根据第二段内容及空前的“many other countries around the world began to do the same”可知，许多其他国家也开始这样做了。“to do the same”指的就是“也开始用贝壳作为买卖的货币”，故D项“他们也使用小贝壳作为货币进行买卖”符合上下文文意，故选D项。
4．G 解析：根据空前的“It wasn’t long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.”可知，中国出现了金属制成的圆形钱币；根据空后的“By 500 BC，metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece，and later in the Roman Empire.”可知，到公元前500年这种金属钱币开始在其他国家出现。故空处应是解释这种金属钱币在其他国家出现的原因。故选G项“这种首次出现的钱币上通常有孔以便人们把它们串起来”。
5．C 解析：根据空前的“the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people”可知，此处讲到了纸币首先由中国人创造，故C项“很多年后纸币才出现在欧洲”与此处衔接紧密，故选C项。
短文改错
Dear Lucy，
I am very excited to learn that you’re coming to Xi’an for travel. Both my parents missed you a lot. So is our friend, Ruby. April is best time of the year to visit Xi’an. There is only a few rain and the weather is neither too hot or too cold. There are so many place of interest I wanted to take you to after I finish my work like a volunteer in the local charity. When you come, you can stay with ourselves. My house is about three kilometers far away from Xi’an Moslem Street where is full of local foods.
Best regards，
Janet
答案：
Dear Lucy，
I am very excited to learn that you’re coming to Xi’an for travel. Both my parents you a lot. So our friend, Ruby. April is best time of the year to visit Xi’an. There is only a rain and the weather is neither too hot too cold. There are so many of interest I wanted to take you to after I finish my work a volunteer in the local charity. When you come, you can stay with . My house is about three kilometers away from Xi’an Moslem Street is full of local foods.
Best regards，
Janet
课件46张PPT。Section Ⅱ Lesson 1—Language PointsUnit 20 New Frontierssoftware massradioactiverecreationdownloadupdate conflict assist technicallattershortlywornstarvationequalityassesselectronic look into for funbe based ondie oflive oncarry outwhat the world no matter will be likewhat you spill on themso strong thatmillions of times smartermassmassesMassesTheWith the assistance of my friendhave my assistant to pick you uplook back onlook down uponlook upin his latter yearsthe latter for foodstarvationto forstarvedlive onlived throughlive forwithoverconflicttotoequallyassessassessmentwill assess the damagesassessed its market valuecarries oncarry him throughcarried offwhoever he iswhatever you likeTFFTsosuchwasbetteras the本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．The websites offer varieties of free software for Internet users to ____________(下载)．
答案：download
2．____________(不久) after you left, a man came into the office looking for you.
答案：Shortly
3．Both sides realized that they should settle the __________(冲突) peacefully.
答案：conflict
4．In spite of all our efforts, the ____________(企业) ended in failure.
答案：enterprise
5．Workers regularly check the machines and replace the ____________(磨损的) parts.
答案：worn
6．The milkman gets up before ____________(拂晓) every day to deliver milk along streets.
答案：dawn
7．This small case is ____________(方便使用的) for use when you are traveling.
答案：handy
8．One can travel there by ship or plane but most people choose the ____________(后者)．
答案：latter
9．Over three hundred people have died of ____________(饥饿) since the beginning of the year.
答案：starvation
10．Before you close the electronic document, you need to ____________(点击) the “save” button.
答案：click
单句改错
1．The mass of the population in this town is willing to move to a new place.
____________________
答案：is→are
2．An equal acceptable solution could surely be found elsewhere.____________________
答案：equal→equally
3．The man has made so a terrible mistake that he will be fired. ____________________
答案：so→such
4．The old man told us that this river was twice as longer as that one.____________________
答案：longer→long
5．I myself will firmly carry away this plan. ____________________
答案：away→out
完成句子
1．这条路是那条路的三倍宽。
The road is ______________________________________________________________
that one.
答案：three times as wide as/three times the width of
2．她使这项计划的实施成为可能。
She ________________ to carry out the plan.
答案：made it possible
3．老师给我们一个如此难的问题以至于没有人能解出来。
Our teacher gave us ______________________________ nobody could solve it.
答案：so difficult a problem that
4．无论做什么工作， 你都要坚持完成。
________________________， you must keep on until you have finished it.
答案：Whatever/No matter what work you do
5．会议竟然取消了， 我们都感到很遗憾。
We all thought ________________ the conference should have been cancelled.
答案：it a pity that
课文语法填空
Nowadays, masses of people wonder about the future.Some imagine 1.____________ the world will be like in the future.Some authors even predicted things that have since happened.However, for some people, 2.____________(think) about the future is not just for fun.They plan the future of the world for a living, 3.____________ are called futurologists.A seminar 4.____________(hold) at Newcastle this weekend.Lots of people will attend it with the hope of starting new enterprises 5.____________(base) on the predictions they will hear at the meeting.I clicked into the websites of a few futurologists and learnt some 6.____________(predict)．Here are some:
By the year 2025, no one will die of 7.____________(starve) because there will be food for everyone.
By the year 2030, people can live 8.____________ at least 150 years.Tiny robots may be sent around the cells of our bodies to assess our health and carry out repairs to keep us 9.____________(health)．
In the next few years, computers will become 10.____________(handy)．
答案：1.what 2.thinking 3.who 4.will be held
5．based 6.predictions 7.starvation 8.for 9.healthy
10．handier
A卷
单句语法填空
1．We asked him to assist us in ____________(design) a new bridge.
答案：designing
2．I prefer the ____________(late) picture to the former.
答案：latter
3．They crowned the new king shortly ____________ his father’s death.
答案：after
4．The book is ____________(wear) out and has ink stain on its cover.
答案：worn
5．Many sheep died of ____________(starve) in the thick snow.
答案：starvation
6．Your statement is in conflict ____________ other evidence.
答案：with
7．We must send someone to look ____________ the matter.
答案：into
8．The value of this property ____________(assess) at one million dollars.
答案：was assessed
9．A gentleman should not be down on others ____________ happens.
答案：whatever
10．The population of this city is twice ____________(large) than that of that city.
答案：larger
阅读理解
Lately a popular bookstore in Hefei，Anhui Province，has risen__to__fame because it becomes the world’s first shared bookstore，in a move meant to encourage more reading among Chinese citizens.
It comes to people’s attention as more than 200，000 visitors flooded the store on its first day as a shared bookstore on July 16 this year，a record high since it was reopened to the public in 2013. Some 4，000 books were brought home on the first day，Thepaper.cn reported.
Customers are allowed to borrow up to two books valued at under 150 yuan per visit after registering with an app and paying the 99 yuan deposit(押金)．
All books on sale in the bookstore are available for sharing. Returned books that are damaged are sold at a discount. The bookstore also provides a bonus for bookworms. People who finish reading 12 books in three months receive eight percent of their deposit back，and members can be rewarded with one yuan for every book read.
“We want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books，” Xu Xinwei，who helps run the bookstore，told Thepaper.cn.
Some parents buy a lot of books for their children，but they usually end up collecting dust as their children grow up. Similarly，some popular novels for young people also fall out of fashion，according to Xu. “Books are more effectively circulated when they’re shared.”
【解题导语】 本文介绍了安徽省合肥市成立的世界上第一家共享书店，该书店鼓励人们阅读更多的书。
1．The bookstore becomes a shared one________．
A．to make more money
B．to make more room for new books
C．to inspire more people to read
D．to recommend new books
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “it becomes the world’s first shared bookstore，in a move meant to encourage more reading”可知，这个书店成为一家共享书店是为了更好地推广阅读。故选C项。
2．What does the underlined phrase “risen to fame” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Become well-known.
B．Settled down.
C．Broken up.
D．Taken over.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“popular” 一词，以及第二段中的“more than 200，000 visitors...public”可知，这家书店应该很受欢迎。rise to fame意为“出名”。故选A项。
3．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The bookstore was once the best in Anhui Province.
B．The books that are sold here can’t be borrowed.
C．More than 4，000 books were taken home on July 16 in 2013.
D．The cost of reading can be reduced by sharing the books.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“We want to bring down the cost of reading so people could read more books”可推知，共享图书可能会降低阅读成本，这样人们可以阅读更多书。故选D项。
4．What does the bookstore do to attract more readers?
A．The bookstore encourages parents to buy more books for their children.
B．The readers are allowed to borrow the books unconditionally.
C．The readers who are members can receive one yuan for every book read.
D．The bookstore is considering offering a bonus for anyone who likes reading.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“and members can be rewarded with one yuan for every book read”可知，共享书店的会员每读一本书可以得到一元钱的奖励。故选C项。
完形填空
When I joined a private football league a few years ago, the sport meant everything to me. My coach(教练) said that I had lots of potential(潜力), and I became captain of my __1__. That was before all the fun was taken out of __2__．
At first, everyone on the team got __3__ playing time. Then the team moved up to the top division after winning all its games, and the __4__ started. Some parents, who had paid the coach extra so their children could have __5__ one-to-one training, got angry when the coach didn’t give them more playing time in our __6__. The coach was replaced.
The new coach, however, took all the fun out of the game. All we did during practice was __7__. I always wished to God that it would rain so we would not have the __8__. Of course, all teams run drills; they were __9__. But we ran so much that, afterwards, we had trouble __10__．Younger people shouldn’t be doing exercises __11__ for 18-year-olds.
I was very thin __12__ I started football, but as a member of this team I wouldn’t eat much, because I was afraid of being too __13__ to run. I feared making mistakes, and the added pressure caused me to make more than my usual __14__．
Is all this pressure necessary? I __15__ up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, and two of them stopped playing football completely. That’s __16__， because they had so much potential. They were just burned-out with all the pressure they __17__ from the coach or their parents.
I continued playing football at school and __18__ my love for it. I joined a private team coached by my school coach. When I started playing __19__ him, he told me I needed to relax because I looked nervous. After I __20__ down, I played better. When you enjoy something, it’s a lot easier to do it well.
1．A.class B．club
C．team D．board
C 解析：从上文“I joined a private football league”可知，后来“我”成为了该队的队长。
2．A.playing B．living
C．learning D．working
A 解析：那都是发生在踢球的乐趣被剥夺之前的事，playing在此指“踢球”这件事。
3．A.great B．equal
C．right D．extra
B 解析：一开始，大家上场踢球的时间是一样多的。
4．A.business B．struggle
C．attempt D．pressure
D 解析：下文开始讲孩子们的压力来源。
5．A.free B．private
C．good D．basic
B 解析：有些父母额外付费，以使他们的孩子获得私下里一对一的训练。
6．A.matches B．courses
C．lessons D．programs
A 解析：当教练不给那些(额外付费的)孩子更多比赛上场的时间时，他们的父母就生气了。
7．A.jump B．play
C．run D．shoot
C 解析：由下文可知，“我们”所做的练习就是：跑。
8．A.duty B．meeting
C．operation D．training
D 解析：training “训练”。
9．A.necessary B．boring
C．scientific D．practical
A 解析：这些训练是必须的。
10．A.speaking B．moving
C．sleeping D．breathing
D 解析：跑的训练进行了那么多，后来“我们”气都喘不上来。
11．A.used B．intended
C．made D．described
B 解析：exercises intended for 18-year-olds(“我们”进行的)训练是为18岁的孩子准备的。
12．A.till B．since
C．before D．because
C 解析：在开始踢球之前。
13．A.full B．tired
C．lazy D．big
A 解析：full表示“吃饱的”。
14．A.size B．share
C．space D．state
B 解析：share在此用作名词，“平均；均分”；句意为：“我”害怕犯错误，而额外的这些压力却使“我”比平时犯的错误还多。
15．A.gave B．kept
C．ended D．picked
C 解析：end up doing“以做某事而告终”；指离开足球队。
16．A.sad B．shameful
C．silly D．serious
A 解析：真是令人感到悲伤的事。
17．A.received B．suffered
C．brought D．felt
D 解析：她们因为感受到来自于教练或父母的压力而疲惫不堪。
18．A.reconsidered B．rediscovered
C．reformed D．replaced
B 解析：重新找到了对足球的热爱。
19．A.at B．by
C．for D．around
C 解析： 当“我”开始为教练踢球的时候，教练告诉“我”要放松。
20．A.fell B．stepped
C．slowed D．calmed
D 解析：calm down“平静/镇定下来”。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later？Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least.
“This is an animal study，but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important—not just for physical development，but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive(认知的) development during ageing，”says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto，Canada. “In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默病)，possibly to the point of preventing it.”
Wojtowicz’s team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups，and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks. Around four months later—when the rats had reached middle age—the team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box. When placed in the box, they froze with fear.
Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations：exactly the same box in the same room，the same box with the room arranged differently，and a completely different box in a different room.
The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times in each of these situations，suggesting they couldn’t remember which one was dangerous. But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.
“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when we’re young，at least for rats，has influence on the brain and cognitive health—in the form of better memories—when we’re older，”says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston，who has found that，in humans，exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，从而得出早期锻炼对大脑终身有好处的结论。
1．The study shows that________．
A．physical activity is important for physical health
B．using the running wheels is of benefit to the rats’ growth
C．physical activity can prevent humans’ Alzheimer’s disease
D．the more exercise a rat has when young，the better memory it will possess when older
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容尤其是第二句“Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least.”可知，早期锻炼似乎对大脑终身有好处，至少对老鼠来说是这样的。故选D项。
2．How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes.
B．By giving an example.
C．By describing the process.
D．By showing differences.
C 解析：写作手法题。根据第三段内容和第四段的“Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。C项意为“通过描述过程”，故选C项。
3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Exercise. B．Development.
C．Benefit. D．Study.
A 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的“but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important”及“In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默病)”可知，身体活动很重要，对人类来说，它可能会推迟阿尔茨海默病的出现。因此 “it” 在文中指的是“physical activity”，A项与其同义，故选A项。
4．What is the author’s attitude towards the animal study?
A．Negative. B．Objective.
C．Critical. D．Doubtful.
B 解析：观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果，并引用数据进行说明，由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。B项意为“客观的”，故选B项。
B
Peter Owen was born in Wales in 1771.At the age of ten he went to work.His employer had a large private library so Owen was able to educate himself.He read a lot in his spare time and at nineteen he was given the job of superintendent(监工) at a Manchester cotton mill.He was so successful there that he persuaded his employer to buy the New Lanark mill in Scotland.
When he arrived at New Lanark it was a dirty little town with a population of 2，000 people.Nobody paid any attention to the workers’ houses or their children’s education.The conditions in the factories were very bad.There was a lot of crime and the men spent most of their wages on alcoholic drinks.
Owen improved the houses.He encouraged people to be clean and save money.He opened a shop and sold the workers’ cheap, well-made goods to help them.He limited the sale of alcoholic drinks.Above all, he fixed his mind on the children’s education.In 1816 he opened the first free primary school in Britain.
People came from all over the country to visit Owen’s factory.They saw that the workers were healthier and more efficient than in other towns.Their children were better fed and better educated.Owen tried the same experiment in the United States.He bought some land there in 1825, but the community was too far away.He could not keep it under control and lost most of his money.
Owen never stopped fighting for his idea.Above all he believed that people are not born good or bad.He was a practical man and his ideas were practical.“If you give people good working conditions，” he thought, “they will work well and, the most important thing of all, if you give them the chance to learn, they will be better people.”
【解题导语】 本文介绍了Peter Owen的奋斗史。 他从小家境贫寒， 十岁开始打工， 在雇主的私人图书馆里读了很多书， 后来成为成功人士， 致力于改善一些地方的教育情况。他始终相信，改善人们的工作条件， 会让人们更好地工作。
5．For Owen, his greatest achievement in New Lanark was ________．
A．improving workers’ houses
B．helping people to save money
C．preventing men from getting drunk
D．providing the children with a good education
D 解析：细节理解题。 根据文中第三段的Above all, he fixed his mind on the children’s education.可知， 他最大的成就就是给孩子们提供了好的教育。
6．From the passage we may infer that Owen was born ________．
A．in a rich family
B．in a noble family
C．in a poor family
D．in a middle class family
C 解析：推理判断题。 根据文中第一段的Peter Owen was born in Wales in 1771.At the age of ten he went to work.可知， 他十岁就开始打工， 家境一定很贫寒。 故选C项。
7．Owen’s experiment in the United States failed because ________．
A．he lost all his money
B．he did not buy enough land
C．people who visited it were not impressed
D．it was too far away for him to organize it properly
D 解析：细节理解题。 根据文中倒数第二段的．..but the community was too far away.He could not keep it under control and lost most of his money.可知， 失败的原因是距离他太远了， 所以无法适当地管理。
8．We may infer from the passage that no children in Britain could enjoy free education until ________．
A．1771 B．1816
C．1825 D．1860
B 解析：细节理解题。 根据文中第三段的In 1816 he opened the first free primary school in Britain.可知， 从1816年开始， 英国的孩子才开始享受免费教育。
七选五
China has been the birthplace of many of the world’s greatest inventions.It was，for example，the first country to produce paper money.Before the invention of paper money and coins，people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling.1.________This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering.
2．________In 1200 BC，people in China began to use shells(贝壳) as money.Usually the shells used as money were very small.This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances，and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country.
In the years which followed this invention，many other countries around the world began to do the same.3.________
The next development was in 1000 BC，when China started making bronze and copper shells.It wasn’t long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.4.________By 500 BC，metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece，and later in the Roman Empire.
About 1，000 years later，leather was used as money in China，and in 806 AD，the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people.5.________
A．People also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs.
B．However，as economies developed，such exchanges became impractical.
C．It was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.
D．They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.
E．As time went by，trade between countries increased.
F．During that time，for example，buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.
G．The very first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要按照时间顺序讲述了中国和世界上其他国家货币发展的历史。
1．F 解析：根据空前的“people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling”及空后的“This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering.”可知，此处主要讲的是“物物交换”，F项中的“buying a chicken might cost several potatoes”是“物物交换”的一个例子，符合上下文文意，故选F项。
2．B 解析：本文第一段讲的是“物物交换”；根据空后的“In 1200 BC，people in China began to use shells(贝壳) as money.Usually the shells used as money were very small.”可知，第二段讲的是“贝壳作为货币使用”，故此空的作用是承上启下。B项中的“such exchanges”与第一段最后一句中的“This exchange”相呼应，且B项中的“However”以及“impractical”表明“物物交换”有局限性，所以出现了更加方便携带的贝壳货币，符合上下文文意，故选B项。
3．D 解析：根据第二段内容及空前的“many other countries around the world began to do the same”可知，许多其他国家也开始这样做了。“to do the same”指的就是“也开始用贝壳作为买卖的货币”，故D项“他们也使用小贝壳作为货币进行买卖”符合上下文文意，故选D项。
4．G 解析：根据空前的“It wasn’t long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.”可知，中国出现了金属制成的圆形钱币；根据空后的“By 500 BC，metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece，and later in the Roman Empire.”可知，到公元前500年这种金属钱币开始在其他国家出现。故空处应是解释这种金属钱币在其他国家出现的原因。故选G项“这种首次出现的钱币上通常有孔以便人们把它们串起来”。
5．C 解析：根据空前的“the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people”可知，此处讲到了纸币首先由中国人创造，故C项“很多年后纸币才出现在欧洲”与此处衔接紧密，故选C项。
短文改错
Dear Lucy，
I am very excited to learn that you’re coming to Xi’an for travel. Both my parents missed you a lot. So is our friend, Ruby. April is best time of the year to visit Xi’an. There is only a few rain and the weather is neither too hot or too cold. There are so many place of interest I wanted to take you to after I finish my work like a volunteer in the local charity. When you come, you can stay with ourselves. My house is about three kilometers far away from Xi’an Moslem Street where is full of local foods.
Best regards，
Janet
答案：
Dear Lucy，
I am very excited to learn that you’re coming to Xi’an for travel. Both my parents you a lot. So our friend, Ruby. April is best time of the year to visit Xi’an. There is only a rain and the weather is neither too hot too cold. There are so many of interest I wanted to take you to after I finish my work a volunteer in the local charity. When you come, you can stay with . My house is about three kilometers away from Xi’an Moslem Street is full of local foods.
Best regards，
Janet
Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
PIONEERS OF SCIENCE
If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real dilemma ① on your hands.In just 100 years, the world changed completely. Amazing discoveries were made②in medicine, communications and transport, not to mention③ our knowledge of the world and space. Medical advances ranged from④ discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes⑤ to surgical procedures ⑥ replacing diseased organs⑦ with donated ⑧ ones. Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones and the way we correspond ⑨went from writing letters to emailing.We started flying around the world and meanwhile⑩ , scientists figured out? how to split?the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe?.
Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery?， it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century. Here are five of them.
①dilemma [d?'lem?] n．困境，进退两难的窘境
②make a discovery 发现
③not to mention更不用说
④range from...to...范围从……到……
⑤microscope ['ma?kr?sk??p] n．显微镜
⑥procedure [pr?'si?d??] n．步骤；程序
⑦organ ['??ɡ?n] n．器官
⑧donate [d??'ne?t] vt.捐赠，此处是过去分词表被动，作前置定语。
⑨correspond [?k?r?'sp?nd] vi.通信；符合
correspond with sb.与某人通信
the way后接定语从句we correspond。意为：我们通信的方式。
meanwhile ['mi?nwa?l] adv.同时
?figure out弄清楚
?split [spl?t] vi.分开，分离
?此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰atom。
?although引导让步状语从句；it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to choose...。
科学发现的先驱者
如果你必须选择20世纪最重要的一个发现，你将会面对一个真正的难题。仅仅100年，世界就完全变了。医学、通讯和交通运输方面都有了惊人的发现，更不用说我们对世界和空间的了解了。医学的进步包括从在显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官的外科手术程序。通讯随着移动电话的引入而改变，我们通信的方式也从写信变成发电子邮件。我们开始在世界各地飞行，同时，科学家们发现了怎样分离原子，而原子以前被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
虽然不可能选择最重要的发现，但是挑选出20世纪的几个先驱者是可能的。以下是他们中的五位。
One of the 20th century’s premier?scientists was Albert Einstein. In the summer of 1905, this outspoken? young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired?.“E＝mc2” was born.E＝mc2 showed how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy. Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant—they change according to? our experience of them.
Einstein had already become world-famous when a young ex-lawyer, returning from the First World War?， started work in California. Using the most high-powered telescope? of the time, he began the long, slow process of exploring our galaxy. Edwin Hubble was about tomake astronomy’s greatest breakthrough of the century. He discovered small areas of mistwhich were in fact galaxies like our own，millions of light years away from us，which proved that the universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought.
?premier ['prem??] adj.最重要的
?outspoken [a?t'sp??k?n] adj.直言的，坦率的
?此处是was doing...when...句型，意为：正在做……这时……
?according to 根据
?returning from the First World War在此处作后置定语。
?telescope ['tel?sk??p] n．望远镜
Using the most...是现在分词作方式状语。
galaxy ['ɡ?l?ksi] n．星系
be about to do...即将做……
mist [m?st] n．薄雾
which引导定语从句，修饰small areas of mist。
which引导非限制性定语从句，指代上文的整件事情。
20世纪最重要的科学家之一是阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。1905年的夏天，这个直率的年轻人正在摇着他一岁大的孩子，突然灵感就产生了。“E＝mc2”诞生了。“E＝mc2”显示出来质量很小的物质怎样能产生出令人难以置信的巨大能量。之后爱因斯坦又在他的相对论中表明，甚至连时间、质量和长度也不是持久不变的——根据我们对它们的了解，它们也会有所改变。
就在爱因斯坦的名字响彻全世界时，从第一次世界大战的战场回来的一个年轻律师，开始了他在加利福尼亚的工作。用一台在当时倍数最高的望远镜，他开始了漫长的对我们的星系的探索。埃德温·哈勃即将实现本世纪最大的突破。他发现小的雾区实际上是像我们自己的星系一样的星系，离我们有几百万光年之远。这个发现证明了宇宙比我们以前想象的要大得多。
In 1929, another far-reaching finding was made by the son of a Scottish shepherd. Before he went on holiday, biologist Alexander Fleming left a dish with bacteria in it in his laboratory. When he came back, he noticed something strange. He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed.This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin, which Fleming realised could be used to kill bacteria.
A few years later, penicillin was being mass-produced.and helping to save the lives of millions. Fleming remained modest about the amazing outcome of his discovery.“Nature made penicillin，” he said, “I just found it.”
During the Second World War, when Fleming’s discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.The navy turned to Eckert, an engineer, and Mauchly, a physicist, to wrestle with the problem and produce a machine to do the job. Although they only finished after the war in 1946, it did not matter. This huge machine was the world’s first computer, but it was nothing like our computers today.It measured 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30 tonnes. With 18，000 tubes, thousands of circuits and 6，000 switches, it used so much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town went out！
far-reaching adj.影响深远的；广泛的
double-check v．再检查
mould [m??ld] n．霉；霉菌
此处是“around＋which”引导定语从句。
penicillin [?pen?'s?l?n] n．青霉素，盘尼西林
which引导定语从句，修饰penicillin。
mass-produce vt.大量生产
outcome ['a?tk?m] n．后果，结果
cure [kj??] vt.治愈；cure sb. of...治愈某人……
when在此引导定语从句，修饰the Second World War。
navy ['ne?vi] n．海军
turn to...向……求助
wrestle ['res?l] vi.努力解决；摔跤；搏斗
circuit['s??k?t] n．电路
go out 熄灭
1929年，又一个意义深远的发现诞生了，发现者是一个苏格兰牧羊人的儿子。去度假之前，生物学家亚历山大·弗莱明把一个带有细菌的盒子放在实验室里。回来时，他注意到不同寻常的东西。他再检查了一下，发现盘子里有青色的霉斑，其周围的细菌都被消灭了。实际上这些青色的霉斑正是青霉素的自然形态，弗莱明意识到青霉素可能被用来杀死细菌。
若干年后，青霉素被大规模生产，帮助挽救了数百万人的生命。他的发现具有令人难以置信的成效，但是弗莱明对此很谦虚。“大自然创造了青霉素，”他说，“我只是发现了它。”
第二次世界大战期间，当弗莱明的发现第一次被用于帮助治疗人类(疾病)时，美国海军正致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。海军方面向工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利寻求帮助，请他们解决这一难题并制造一台能完成该工作的机器。虽然他们直到战后的1946年才研制出这台机器，但这无关紧要。这台巨大的机器是世界上第一台计算机，但是它一点儿也不像我们今天的计算机。它长100英尺，高10多英尺，重30多吨。内含18 000个电子管，几千块电路板和6 000个开关。它消耗的能量特别多，以至于一开机当时镇上的灯都会熄灭！
These pioneers of the 20th century were all dedicated to improving the quality of human life on earth, but sometimes breakthrough discoveries that have affected our lives todayhappened by mistake！For example, we are all grateful forthe handy microwave oven that allows us to prepare meals in minutes and we have Percy Spencer to thank. This inventor, with 120 patents to his name, discovered microwaves when he was experimenting with radars and noticed a chocolate melting in his pocket.
There is no doubtabout it. Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world as we know it today would have beena completely different place.
be dedicated to...致力于……
that引导定语从句，修饰discoveries。
by mistake 由于错误
be grateful for...因为……而感激
microwave ['ma?kr?we?v] n．微波炉
that引导定语从句，修饰microwave oven。
experiment with...做……的实验
notice...doing sth.注意到……正在做某事
There is no doubt...毫无疑问……
此处是省略句，完整句为：whether it was lucky or it was planned。
as引导方式状语从句，意为：正如我们今天知道的。
would have been是虚拟语气，前面由 without引出虚拟条件句。从句为过去式，主语用would have done...
这些20世纪的先驱者们都致力于提高地球上人类生活的质量，但是，有时候，影响我们今天生活的突破性发现却是由于错误而发生！例如，我们都很感激方便的微波炉使我们能够在几分钟之内准备好饭菜，对此我们要感谢珀西·斯宾塞。这个名下拥有120个专利权的发明家在用雷达做实验时注意到自己口袋里的一块巧克力在融化，从而发现了微波炉。
这一点是毫无疑问的，如果没有这些科技先驱者们的突破，不管是由于幸运还是有所计划，我们今天所熟悉的这个世界将会是个完全不同的世界。
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?
A．Great discoveries were made only in medicine and communications in the last 100 years.
B．People can’t replace diseased organs with donated ones now.
C．The atom can’t be split because it is the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
D．It is difficult to choose the most important discovery of the 20th century.
2．This text mainly tells us ________．
A．some pioneers of science
B．an introduction to Albert Einstein
C．an introduction to Alexander Fleming
D．the world’s first computer
3．We can learn about the first computer that ________．
A．it was Eckert who invented the first computer
B．it was finished in 1946
C．it was very large but used little energy
D．it was invented to improve communication condition
答案：1－3.DAB
1．autonomous adj. 自主的；自治的
2．rescue vt. 拯救， 救援
3．dilemma n. 困境， 进退两难的窘境
4．correspond vi. 通信；符合
5．meanwhile adv. 同时
6．outspoken adj. 直言的， 坦率的
7．outcome n. 后果， 结果
8．cure vt. 治愈
9．wrestle vi. 努力解决；摔跤；搏斗
10．present vt.主持(电视或广播节目)；呈现→presentation n．呈现；颁发
11．disconnect v．使不连接；切断→connect vt.连接
12．original adj.起初的；最早的→ origin n．起源
13．donate vt.捐赠；赠送→donation n．捐赠
1．in__advance 预先
2．give__away 泄露(秘密)
3．take__over 接收， 接管
4．get__across 使……被理解
5．come__out 出来；出版
6．vary__from...to... 从……到……范围变动
7．figure__out 计算出；理解
8．turn__to 求助于；转向
1．even though即使， 引导让步状语从句
The woman enjoyed the film, even__though(即使) it was shown a long time ago.
2．现在分词短语作结果状语
I was so angry that I walked out, leaving__him(留下他)sitting there shocked and white-faced.
3．if引导的虚拟语气
If you had__to__choose__(不得不选择) the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real dilemma on your hands.
4．was/were doing...when...句型
In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was__rocking__his__one-year-old__baby__when(正在摇着他一岁的孩子这时) he was suddenly inspired.
5．“介词＋which”引导定语从句
He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around__which(其周围) the bacteria had been destroyed.
present vt.主持(电视或广播节目)；授予；呈现 n．礼物
adj.现在的， 目前的；出席的， 到场的
(教材P133)She presents the news twenty-four hours a day on Ananova.com.
她在Ananova.com上全天24小时主持广播新闻。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中present的含义
(1)His grandmother brings him some presents every time she comes to see him.礼物
(2)He presented the meeting in the absence of the manager.主持
(3)Finally the mayor presented the medals to the winners.授予
(4) His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time.呈现
(5)The present situation cannot be allowed to continue.现在的
(6)The people present at the meeting were very active.在场的
(1)present sb.with sth.＝present sth.to sb.
呈现给某人某物，
赠予某人某物
(2)be present at 出席
(3)at present 目前， 现在
At present, the girl present at the meeting is considering asking her father for the book that has just been presented to him as a birthday present.
in advance 预先；提前
①(教材P22)What I’m trying to say is that we sent the questions to her programmers in advance.
我想说的是我们提前把问题发送给了她的程序员。
②We require the student’s full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance.
我们要求学生的所有航班细节信息至少提前四周上交。
(1)advance n． 前进， 进展
in advance of 在……前， 超过
on the advance 在上涨
with the advance of 随着……的增加
(2)advance v. 前进；预付；增长；推进
advance on/towards/upon 朝……前进
(3)advanced adj. 先进的；高级的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)His ideas were in advance of his times, and only a few people could understand him.
(2)China is advancing on/towards/upon the developed country.
(3)Thanks to the__advanced(advance) technology, we are leading an easier life.
[能力提升]——句型转换
(4)I should warn you ahead of time that we may be delayed.
→I should warn you in__advance that we may be delayed.
(5)They had moved forward 20 miles by nightfall.
→They had advanced 20 miles by nightfall.
get across 使……被理解，把……讲清楚；通过
①(教材P23)We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.
我们必须明白一个简单的事实——毒品是危险的。
②What message are you trying to get across to the consumers?
你要向消费者传达什么样的信息？
get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事
get in 收集；收割
get into 陷入；投入
get over 解决；克服；控制；从(疾病、 失败、
震惊中)恢复过来
get through 穿过， 通过；用完；接通
(电话)
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)After lunch we got down to discussing(discuss) the problem.
(2)The boy got__into__the bad habit about two years ago.
(3)I had been dialing the number, but I couldn’t get__through．
give away 泄露(秘密)；赠送；出卖；放弃(机会等)
①(教材P23)It is reported that the millionaire has decided to give away all his money to charities.
据报道这位百万富翁已经决定将他所有的钱都捐给慈善机构。
②They felt like they were giving away company secrets.
他们觉得自己正在泄露公司的机密。
give back (归)还；使返回；恢复
give in 屈服；让步
give off 发出(气味、热、光等)
give out 分发；发出(热、光等)；
公布；耗尽；精疲力尽
give up 放弃
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)一旦接受了一个想法， 他们就永远不会放弃。
Once they get an idea into their heads, they never give__up．
(2)那个冠军没有认输， 而是继续拿下了那一局。
The champion refused to give__in__and went on to win the set.
(3)关于事故的细节在九点钟的新闻中播报了。
Details of the accident were given__out on the nine o’clock news.
give away
come out 出来，长出；显露，公开；(消息)传出；
出版；开花，发芽
(教材P23)It came out that some government officials received money from the company.
一些政府官员收受该公司的钱款的事情暴露了出来。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中come out的含义
(1)The gardener went into his garden to see if the flowers had come out.(花)开放
(2)It was several weeks before the truth of the matter came out.显露；泄露
(3)The news came out that Bob came out first in the contest.(消息)传出
(4)The sun came out from behind the clouds late in the afternoon.(太阳等)出来；出现
come about 发生
come across 偶遇；碰到；被理解
come to 共计，达到；苏醒过来，恢复
come up 走近；升起；长出；被提出
come up with 赶上；提出
[巧学活用]——完成句子
会上一定会讨论这个问题。
The question is bound to come__up at the meeting.
come out作“出版”讲时，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；而publish“出版”为及物动词，可用于被动语态。
①(教材P23)His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.
他向该公司投资的唯一原因就是接管它。
②After his father retired, Tom took over the family business.
他的父亲退休以后， 汤姆接管了家族生意。
take on 承担(工作、 责任等)；雇用(工人)；
接纳(学生)；呈现出
take up 拿起；占用；接受(建议或挑战)；
开始工作
take in 吸收；留(某人)寄宿；看到， 注意到；
完全明白；欺骗(某人)
take apart 彻底搜查；拆开；严惩
take down 放下；取下；拆掉；把……记录下来
take off 脱下；起飞；事业腾飞
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)他被分配到我们的总店去接管新的销售部门。
He was sent to our central office to take__over the new sales department.
(2)课外活动太多， 占用了我们很多宝贵的学习时间。
Too many after-class activities take__up__too much of our precious time for study.
(3)学生们发现老师所教的东西很容易理解。
The students found it easy to take__in__what their teacher had taught.
rescue vt.拯救；救援 n．营救，求援
①(教材P134)Dave also goes outside the ship to rescue Frank, and HAL refuses to let him back in.
戴夫也去飞船外营救弗兰克，哈尔拒绝让他回来。
②Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
现在，电击训练和医学治疗正在帮助拯救这些大鸟。
(1)rescue...from... 把……从……救出
(2)come/go to one’s rescue 对某人进行救援
(3)rescuer n. 救援人员
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)When memory fails, he has his notes to come to his rescue.
(2)To save the villagers, some of the rescuers(rescue) were injured.
donate vt.捐赠；赠送
①(经典例句)Luckily, many people and organizations donate a lot of money to help them receive college education smoothly.
幸运的是，许多人和组织捐了一大笔钱帮助他们顺利地接受大学教育。
②It is reported that Bill Gates donates a large amount of money to charity every year.
据报道比尔盖茨每年捐一大笔钱给慈善机构。
③The businessman made a donation of a lot of money to my school.
那个商人给我校捐了很多钱。
(1)donate...to... 把……捐赠给……
(2)donation n. 捐献； 捐赠； 捐款；捐赠物
make a donation to... 向……捐赠
(3)donator n. 捐赠者
[巧学活用]——句式升级
这位老人为学校捐赠了很多钱，让学生们重返教室。
(1)普通表达
The old man donated__a__lot__of__money__to the school.It enables the students to return to their classroom.
(2)高级表达
The__old__man__donated__a__lot__of__money__to__the__school，enabling__the__students__to__return__to__their__classroom.(分词作状语)
correspond vi.通信；相当；相称；相等；一致；符合
①(教材P24)Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing.
通讯随着移动电话的引入而改变，我们通信的方式也从写信变成发电子邮件。
②If their statements correspond, we will have no trouble.
如果他们的话一致， 我们就不会有麻烦。
(1)correspond with sb. 和某人通信
correspond to/with sth. 与某事物相一致
correspond to sth. 与……相当/相称/相等
(2)correspondence n. 通信；联系
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Her actions do not correspond__with her words.
(2)He corresponded__with leading European scholars.
(3)We have been in correspondence(correspond) with each other for many years.
(4)His expense doesn’t correspond to his income.
cure vt.治愈；矫正，改正 n．治疗；疗法；纠正
①(教材P25)During the Second World War，when Fleming’s discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.
第二次世界大战期间，当弗莱明的发现第一次被用于帮助治疗人类(疾病)时，美国海军正致力于寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。
②The doctors managed to cure the little girl who was injured in the fire.
医生们设法治好了在火灾中受伤的小女孩。
③A cure for poverty is badly needed now.
现在急需解决贫困问题的方法。
(1)cure sb.of... 治愈某人的……
(2)a cure for ……的治疗方法
[巧学活用]——单句改错
(1)When I arrived there, the doctors were treating her of her injury.of→for
(2)Could you tell me how I can cure my little son for his bad habit？for→of
cure
意为“治愈， 治好”， 可直接跟人或疾病作宾语， 有时用来指突然地、 出乎意料地痊愈；也用于引申指人的生活习惯的纠正、 矫正等， 与介词of搭配， 强调结果
treat
普通用语， 指医疗、 治疗， 常跟人作宾语， 与for搭配， 强调动作
The doctors who treated her for the cancer held a meeting to discuss how to cure her of the disease.
turn to 求助于；转向；翻到；查阅；变成
①(教材P25)The navy turned to Eckert，an engineer，and Mauchly，a physicist, to wrestle with the problem and produce a machine to do the job.
海军方面向工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利寻求帮助，请他们解决这一难题并制造一台能完成该工作的机器。
②When you get into trouble, you can turn to him for help.
当你陷入困境时， 可以向他求助。
③She turned to teaching at a technical school and later moved into the library.
她转到一所技术学校教学， 后来到了图书馆。
turn against 背叛
turn back 折回
turn down 调低(音量等)；拒绝
turn off 关上(开关)
turn on 打开(开关)
turn out 证明是，结果是；关掉(电灯、
煤气等)；生产
turn up 调大(音量等)；出现， 来到
turn in 交上， 归还
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)退伍时必须上交你的制服。
You must turn__in your uniform before you leave the army.
(2)结果表明我一直是正确的。
It turns__out__that I was right all along.
(3)我们约定七点半在电影院门口见面， 但是他没来。
We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7：30, but he failed to turn__up．
(教材P23) I was so angry that I walked out, leaving him sitting there shocked and white-faced. 我气得出去了， 留他一个人坐在那里， 一脸惊愕， 面色苍白。
(1)句中的leaving him sitting there...是现在分词短语作结果状语。 现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示意料、 情理之中的结果， 而不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
(2)句中shocked and white-faced是形容词短语作伴随状语， 表示主语的状态。 形容词(短语)作状语， 还可以表示原因、 时间、 地点、 条件和让步等。
①The glass fell off the table, breaking into pieces.
杯子从桌子上掉下来， 摔成了碎片。
②It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
大雨滂沱， 造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。
③He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.
他迅速切断了电源， 防止了一起意外事故。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)Satisfied (satisfy) with the boy, the boss patted him on the shoulder.
(2)He arrived home three days later, hungry and__tired(tire)．
[能力提升]——完成句子
(3)汤姆到达车站， 却发现火车已经开走了。
Tom got to the station only__to__find the train had gone.
(4)好一会儿， 她站在那里， 一句话也说不出来。
For a moment she stood there, unable__to__say a word.
(5)玛丽， 很高兴接受这个建议， 所以就点头同意了。
Mary, glad__to__accept the suggestion, nodded her agreement.
(教材P24)If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century, you would have a real dilemma on your hands. 如果你必须选择20世纪最重要的一个发现，你将会面对一个真正的难题。
这是一个虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句用have的过去式，主句用would＋动词原形形式。
(1)在虚拟条件句中，主句和从句之间有时态对应关系。
对何情
况虚拟
条件句
主句
现在
动词的过去式
(be用were)
would/could/might/
should＋动词原形
过去
过去完成时
would/could/might/
should＋have done
将来
should＋动词原形；
动词的过去式
(be用were);
were to＋动词原形
would/could/might
＋动词原形
(2)有时虚拟条件句不用if从句而用without，but for，but等介词或介词短语来替代，这样的虚拟条件句叫作含蓄条件句。
①If I had got to the station 5 minutes earlier, I would have caught the train.
如果我早到达车站5分钟， 我就赶上那列火车了。 (与过去事实相反)
②If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
如果我知道答案就告诉你了。 (与现在事实相反)
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)没有你的帮助， 我就不会通过考试。
Without your help, I wouldn’t__have__passed__the__exam．
(2)我本想帮助你的， 但当时我太忙了。
I would__have__helped you, but I was too busy then.
(教材P24)In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.
1905年的夏天，这个直率的年轻人正在摇着他一岁大的孩子，突然灵感就产生了。
when是并列连词， 连接两个并列分句， 相当于and then或and just at that time。
be doing sth.when... 正在做某事这时……
be about to do...when... 正要……这时(突然)……
be on the point of doing...when...
正要……这时(突然)……
had (just) done...when... 刚刚做完……这时
(突然)……
The boy was playing football when his mobile phone rang.
男孩正在踢足球，这时他的手机响了。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)We were about to leave when a big noise came from the next room.
(2)He had just made up his mind when George came and told him something new.
品句填词
1．Jim went to answer the phone.____________(同时), his wife started to prepare lunch.
答案：Meanwhile
2．A ____________(困境) is a difficult situation in which you have to choose between two or more alternatives.
答案：dilemma
3．Marlin is getting along very well with his ____________(同事)．
答案：colleagues
4．There are four emergency ____________(出口) in the department store.
答案：exits
5．A major air-sea ____________(营救) is under way.
答案：rescue
6．I think you should go back to your ____________(最早的) plan.
答案：original
7．The company has decided it must ____________(呈现) a more modern image.
答案：present
8．Searching hand luggage at airports is now standard ____________(程序)．
答案：procedure
9．Public interest centres on the ____________(结果) of next week’s by-election.
答案：outcome
10．Germs are very small，and can only be seen with the aid of ____________(显微镜)．
答案：microscope
单句改错
1．It is said that her new album will be come out next month.____________________
答案：去掉be
2．How many people were present from the meeting last week？____________________
答案：from→at
3．I would have gone to see her if I had enough time.____________________
答案：had前加had
4．They were chatting happily on the Internet while the power was cut off.
____________________
答案：while→when
5．The young man rushed out, left his girlfriend crying there.____________________
答案：left→leaving
完成句子
1．我们刚要出发， 这时天开始下雨了。
We were about to start ____________________．
答案：when it began to rain
2．我们刚刚入睡， 突然铃声响了起来。
We __________________ when the bell rang.
答案：had just fallen asleep
3．我正在做作业， 灯突然灭了。
I __________ my homework __________ the light went out.
答案：was doing；when
4．这个人在车祸中丧生， 撇下了妻子和儿子。
The man was killed in a traffic accident, __________________________．
答案：leaving his wife and his son
5．我如果看过这场电影， 我就把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had seen the film, I ______________________ you about it.
答案：would have told
课文语篇改错
One of the 20th century’s premier scientist was Albert Einstein. In summer of 1905, he was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. So “E＝mc2” was born. Then he showed in his “theory of relativity” what not even time, mass or length are constant.Edwin Hubble, that returned from the First World War, started work in California. Later he proved that the universe was vastly large than had previously been thought.In 1929 Alexander Fleming discover the natural form of penicillin, which was mass-produced and helped to save the lives of millions. An engineer name Mauchly invented the world’s first computer. However, it used such much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town was went out. It was by mistake which Pervy Spencer discovered microwave, which improved the quality of human life on earth.
答案：
One of the 20th century’s premier was Albert Einstein. In summer of 1905, he was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. So “E＝mc2” was born. Then he showed in his “theory of relativity” not even time, mass or length are constant.Edwin Hubble, returned from the First World War, started work in California. Later he proved that the universe was vastly than had previously been thought.In 1929 Alexander Fleming the natural form of penicillin, which was mass-produced and helped to save the lives of millions. An engineer Mauchly invented the world’s first computer. However, it used much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town went out. It was by mistake Pervy Spencer discovered microwave, which improved the quality of human life on earth.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．I ____________(watch) TV when I heard a knock on the door.
答案：was watching
2．If he ____________(come) here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.
答案：had come
3．It ____________(report) that there was a collision between two trains this morning.
答案：was reported
4．They presented him ____________ a bunch of flowers.
答案：with
5．She made a __________(donate) of $5，000 to the Children’s Hospital.
答案：donation
6．The copy does not correspond ____________ the original.
答案：with
7．In ____________ meanwhile I’ll visit an old friend of mine.
答案：the
8．Can you help to cure her son ____________ his bad habits?
答案：of
9．Last year he was chosen to attend a conference of ____________(advance) workers.
答案：advanced
10．When she fell ill her daughter took ____________ the business from her.
答案：over
阅读理解
A
Every ocean lover knows the dangers of getting caught in a rip current(离岸流). Experienced swimmers know it is relatively easy to escape the narrow channel of the fast moving water by floating and allowing it to drag you further into the ocean or by swimming alongside the shore. However, inexperienced beachgoers often panic, and try to swim to land, placing themselves at risk of drowning due to tiredness. According to the U．S. National Ocean Service, the currents kill about 100 Americans each year and account for 80% of all lifeguard rescues. These scary statistics may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to Clever Girl, a smart buoy(浮标) that warns swimmers of the presence of deadly rip currents.
The smart device is the brainchild of Australian teenager Maddison King, who created Clever Girl as a project for her Grade 12 Design and Technology class. The 18－year－old, who works as a lifeguard during her spare time, came up with the brilliant idea after discovering that most children were unable to detect rip currents.
The basketball－sized plastic buoy, which can be attached to a chain of similar devices or the ocean floor, is fitted with a small propeller(螺旋桨). When the water travels at the speed of over 70 centimeters per second, it spins the propeller fast enough to power the light atop the buoy, warning swimmers to stay clear of the area.
Though it sounds simple enough, the youngster had to overcome numerous design challenges. For instance, she picked a red light since it is easy to see in the bright sunlight and also because the color serves as a universal warning sign for tourists that do not speak the local language. The device’s smooth surface and high handles ensure swimmers do not get hurt, while the black, white, and red striped underside, keeps sharks and other animals at bay.
Future versions might include something like a warning siren, which would provide sound warnings of rip currents. Besides, the present model costs about D|S 300 to make. “That’s beyond my purse，” she laughs, “the cost has to be cut down.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。在海洋游泳时，一些无经验的游泳者遇到高速离岸流时常常感到恐惧，并试图游向陆地，最终因疲劳而溺水身亡。受到做临时救生员的工作经历的启发，Maddison King发明了一种装置，能在离岸流达到一定速度时发出预警，从而避免人们误入高速洋流。
1．Which of the following is the right way to escape the rip current?
A．Waiting for rescues.
B．Swimming to the shore.
C．Moving fast in the water.
D．Floating with the water.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Experienced swimmers...the shore.”可知，有经验的游泳者知道，通过在快速流动的水中漂浮，让流水带着身体流入海洋或沿着海岸游泳是逃离离岸流的有效方式，故D项正确。
2．Why did Maddison decide to invent Clever Girl?
A．She wanted to challenge her creativity.
B．She was motivated by her working experience.
C．She was supposed to complete it for her class.
D．She was scared by the statistics of the government.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，18岁的Maddison King在业余时间做了一位救生员，她发现大多数孩子都无法察觉到离岸流，于是想出了这个绝妙的主意。据此可知，她的发明受到自己做救生员的工作经历的启发，故B项正确。
3．What do we know about the present version of Clever Girl?
A．It’s not available on the market.
B．It’s quite attractive for sea animals.
C．It’s based on a complex theory.
D．It can give warnings in different ways.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，每年大约有100个美国人死于离岸流，但这些可怕的统计数据可能很快成为过去，这多亏了警告浮标装置——Clever Girl。结合最后一段可知，这种装置的成本很高，且未形成成品；据此可以判断，其目前版本还没有投放市场，故A项正确。
4．What could the future version of Clever Girl be like?
A．Safer and greener.
B．Cheaper and safer.
C．Greener and more effective.
D．Cheaper and more effective.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Besides，...cut down.’”可知，这种产品目前的版本成本大约是300美元，在将来成本可能下降；根据最后一段第一句可知，未来版本可能会装有警笛一类的东西以警告人们；据此可以判断，未来版本价格将降低，效果将更佳，故D项正确。
B
You’ll probably never go to Mars or sing on the stage with the Rolling Stones. But if virtual reality (VR) ever lives up to its promise, you might be able to do all these things—and many more—without even leaving your home. Unlike real reality, virtual reality means simulating(模仿)bits of our world. Apart from games and entertainment, it’s long been used for training airline pilots and surgeons and for helping scientists to figure out complex problems such as the structure of protein molecules(分子). Then how does it work?
Close your eyes and think of virtual reality and you probably picture something like this：a man wearing a wrap-around headset and data gloves wired into a powerful workstation or supercomputer. What distinguishes VR from an ordinary computer experience is the nature of the input and output. Where an ordinary computer uses things like a keyboard, a mouse, or speech recognition for input, VR uses sensors that detect how your body is moving. And where a PC displays output on a screen, VR uses two screens (one for each eye), surround-sound speakers, and maybe some forms of touch and body feedback as well.
VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors, dentists, engineers, architects, archaeologists, and the military for about the last 30 years. Difficult and dangerous jobs are hard to train for. How can you safely practice taking a trip to space, making a parachute jump, or carrying out brain surgery? All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.
Like any technology, virtual reality has both good and bad points. Critics always raise the risk that people may be addicted to alternative reality to the point of ignoring their real-world lives—but that criticism has been leveled on everything from radio and TV to computer games and the Internet. Like many technologies, VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you don’t have to use it if you don’t want to.
【解题导语】 文章向我们介绍了什么是虚拟现实，以及虚拟现实在我们现实生活中的广泛应用，最后介绍了作者对虚拟现实的看法和态度。
5．What equipment do we probably need for virtual reality?
A．A keyboard, a headset and a supercomputer.
B．A headset, data gloves and speech recognition.
C．A headset, data gloves and a supercomputer.
D．A keyboard, a mouse and speech recognition.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“a man wearing a wrap-around headset and data gloves wired into a powerful workstation or supercomputer”可知，虚拟现实需要的装备有连接着工作站或超级电脑的贴面式耳机和数据手套。故选C项。
6．Paragraph 3 is mainly about________．
A．the principles of virtual reality
B．the applications of virtual reality
C．the history of virtual reality
D．the influences of virtual reality
B 解析：段落大意题。由该段的主题句“VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors...military for about the last 30 years.”及最后一句“All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.”可知，该段讲述的是虚拟现实的应用。
7．According to the passage, virtual reality means________．
A．imagining beautiful things in our mind
B．creating something that doesn’t exist
C．experiencing things that don’t really exist
D．cloning something that has died out
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“You’ll probably never go to Mars or sing...without even leaving your home.”可知，利用虚拟现实，你可以不出家门就体验登陆火星、与滚石乐队同台演唱，即所谓的虚拟现实就是体验不存在的、模仿现实世界的东西。
8．What is the writer’s attitude towards VR?
A．Appreciative. B．Cautious.
C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent.
A 解析：观点态度题。文章先介绍了什么是虚拟现实，然后向我们介绍虚拟现实的广泛应用，客观地介绍了虚拟现实的利弊，最后对批评的声音进行了驳斥，阐明了作者自己的观点“VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you don’t have to use it if you don’t want to”。由此可见，作者对VR持赞赏态度。故选A。
七选五
One of my earliest memories was watching my mom talk on our old phone.I was fascinated that she could talk to someone who wasn’t actually in the room with her.1.________ I was wondering how she managed to talk with someone she couldn’t see.
2．________Later，we had mobile phones that could be carried around the room.Then came computers and smart phones.These days I can send an e-mail around the world in a second.My daughter’s smart phone has a hundred apps and a dozen social media accounts.She stores all of her information in a mysterious place known as“the cloud”，where she can take it out at any time.It seems that we are more connected in this world than ever before.
3．________Few take the time to talk face to face.Instead of looking into the eyes of our loved ones，we stare at our screens.It seems as if the most connected generations are also the loneliest.
Don’t let technology take our time and ruin our life.Make the time to meet，to pray and to communicate with each other.Take a walk on the beach with a friend.Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on.4.________
Remember that we are here to love each other，help each other and make this world a better place.5.________But when it can’t，turn it off.
A．That was a long time ago.
B．Connect offline as well as online.
C．Smart phones have both advantages and disadvantages.
D．We should communicate with each other with phones off.
E．When your technology can help to do these things，then use it.
F．However，what bothers me is that we rarely associate with each other nowadays.
G．When she left the room，I slowly walked over to the phone and stared at it for a while.
【解题导语】 本文作者描述了家中通信工具的变化，指出人们现在很少互相见面交流，并建议人们合理利用科技，创造更美好的生活。
1．G 解析：根据空处前一句可知，作者对于妈妈能够和一个与她不在同一个房间的人说话感到很好奇，这吸引了作者。故G项“当她离开房间的时候，我慢慢地走到电话那儿并盯着看了一会儿”符合文意，故选G项。
2．A 解析：根据空后的“Later，we had mobile phones...Then came computers and smart phones.These days I can send an e-mail”可知，作者阐述了随着时间的变化，家中的通信工具也发生了改变。故A项“那是很久之前的事儿了”符合文意，故选A项。
3．F 解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为段落主题句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述现在我们很少面对面交流了。故F项“然而，令我感到担心的是，我们现在很少互相交流了”能很好地概括段意，故选F项。
4．B 解析：根据上文可知，作者认为不能让科技占据我们太多的时间，摧毁我们的生活，我们应该花时间互相见面交流。故B项“既要在网上联系也要在网络之外联系”符合文意，故选B项。
5．E 解析：空处前一句提到我们来到这个世界是为了相互关爱，相互帮助，使世界变得更美好；后一句提到当科技不能(帮助你)做到这些时，就关掉它。所以空处应表示当科技能够帮助你做到这些时就使用它，故E项符合文意。
B卷
阅读理解
I look around and can’t recognize where I am.It seems familiar but distant.I see my friends gather by a stage where music is playing and I run over.As I begin running towards them，they become further and further away.I keep calling them，but no one hears me.I start hearing a distant alarm-like sound and I am transported away.I woke up in a daze(茫然) sitting in my bed.
“Oh，it was only a dream，” I said to myself. I have always had vivid and intense dreams.Sometimes，it feels like I haven’t even slept because I have been living in my dreams during my sleep.
Today，dreaming is being studied even more than ever.Some say that dreams are how your receptors(感受器)make sense of random thoughts while you sleep.Some say that you can’t dream of a face you have never seen before，so everyone you see in your dreams is whom you have at least laid eyes on at one time or another.
Other people think dreams are ways of expressing stress or internal feelings you may be experiencing.A lot of people say that they have dreams about being chased(追逐)．
A common interpretation of the “being chased” dream is that you are feeling threatened.Some dream interpretation sites say you should try to reflect on what or who is chasing you to get a better idea of what is making you feel this way.
Another dream that is often experienced is flying.This dream has a much more positive interpretation，which is that you are feeling free or have broken out of a bad situation such as a relationship turning sour or a job you hate.
Unfortunately，you may forget half of your dream within five minutes of waking up and within 10 minutes，you usually forget 90 percent of it.
Dreamologists，people who devote time to the study and interpretation of dreams，suggest if you want to try to remember and study your dreams you should keep a diary beside your bed and write down what you dreamt as soon as you wake up so you can reflect on it later.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，作者通过讲述自己做的梦来引出话题，分析了梦所代表的意义。
1．Dreams of “being chased” occur because________．
A．you are feeling threatened
B．you just quit a job you hate
C．your friends are far away from you when you are in need
D．your receptors are always thinking while you sleep
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“A common interpretation of the ‘being chased’ dream is that you are feeling threatened.”可知，对于梦中“被追逐”的常见解读是你正感觉受到威胁。故选A项。
2．Why should we keep a diary beside our bed to reflect on dreams?
A．We need to chase those people who appeared in our dreams.
B．We usually forget 90 percent of a dream within 10 minutes.
C．It can help us get out of the intense dreams.
D．It can help us sleep well without dreams.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“you may forget half of your dream within five minutes of waking up and within 10 minutes，you usually forget 90 percent of it”可知，人可能会在醒来后5分钟内忘掉一半的梦，10分钟内，往往已经忘掉了90%。因此我们可以在床边放一本日记本，方便醒来后马上把梦写下来。故选B项。
3．Where can we read this article?
A．In a poster.
B．In a physics book.
C．In a traveling magazine.
D．In a science newspaper.
D 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文对梦进行了分析，并对梦中“被追逐”和“飞翔”进行了解读，因此本文属于科学范畴，故选D项。
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Why Am I Always Dreaming
B．How Is My Dream Created
C．What Do My Dreams Mean
D．How to Avoid Dreams
C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文并根据第三段中的“Some say that dreams are how your receptors(感受器) make sense of random thoughts while you sleep.”及第四段中的“Other people think dreams are ways of expressing stress or internal feelings you may be experiencing.”可知，本文对梦所代表的意义进行了分析，故选C项。
完形填空
I love the feeling of exchanging goods with my parents. When we visit them, we often end up __1__ home more things than we brought with us. After packing up at the end of our most __2__ visit, and after the last __3__ and sounding of the car horn(喇叭), I took a quick look at the back __4__ of our car. At the top of the pile, folded __5__ and smartly, were a 50-year-old baby blanket, several doilies(装饰垫) __6__from generations of women in my family, and two small __7__．
These creative quilts, looking __8__ but quite lovingly worn, remind me of my great-grandmothers who were always __9__ hard. I think of the pieces of cloth __10__ over the floors of their living rooms. I think of their __11__ hands and the regular pattern of __12__ from their sewing machines. I think of their laughter, their smiles and the wisdom found in the corners of their eyes.
I wish I could go back in time and watch them __13__ these quilts, and I cherish the quilts my great-grandmothers __14__. I love knowing that the women who __15__ the way for my own path through life have left behind touchable expressions of themselves. __16__ I touch the worn cloth of each creation, I will always remember the women whose hands brought them into __17__. I will be ever __18__ for the strong women in my family who have lived __19__ me and with me, who have left behind unbelievable examples to __20__ and lovely quilts to pass on.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了“我”由曾祖母辈留下来的东西想到：这些东西传递给我们后辈的不仅是亲情和爱，更是长辈的热爱劳动热爱生活的精神。
1．A.leaving B．buying
C．taking D．returning
C 解析：根据上文中的“I love the feeling of exchanging goods with my parents.”和下文内容可知，我们常常从父母那里收到东西带回家。此处“taking”与空后的“brought”形成对比，符合语境。leave“离开”；buy“买”；take“带走”；return“返回”。
2．A.official B．regular
C．special D．recent
D 解析：此处表示在最近的一次拜访结束时，我们打包完之后。most recent 表示“最近的”，符合语境。official“官方的”；regular“有规律的”；special“特殊的”。
3．A.hugs B．handshakes
C．nods D．greetings
A 解析：根据语境可知，我们打包完之后准备走，故此处表示在与父母拥抱过后。hug“拥抱”；handshake“握手”；nod“点头”；greeting“问候”。
4．A.door B．window
C．wheel D．seat
D 解析：根据下文中的“At the top of the pile”可知，我们的车子里堆了很多要从父母那带走的物品，故应是“我”快速地朝车后座看了一眼。door“门”；window“窗户”；wheel“轮子”；seat“座位”。
5．A.closely B．neatly
C．loosely D．quickly
B 解析：根据空后的“and smartly”的提示可知，此处表示在那堆东西的上面，一条有50年之久的婴儿毯整洁漂亮地叠放在那儿。closely“紧密地”；neatly“整洁地”；loosely“松散地”；quickly“快速地”。
6．A.taken down B．given away
C．passed down D．put away
C 解析：根据下文中的“remind me of my great-grandmothers who were always ________ hard”的提示可知，这些东西是从“我”曾祖母辈传下来的。take down“记下”；give away“泄露(秘密等)，赠送”；pass down“把……向下传递”；put away“把……收起来”。
7．A.quilts B．parcels
C．cloths D．machines
A 解析：根据下文中的“These creative quilts”的提示可知，此处说的是被子。quilt“被褥”；parcel“包裹”；cloth“布”；machine“机器”。
8．A.shabby B．delicate
C．ugly D．old
B 解析：此处表示这些具有创意的被子，虽然用旧了，但看起来仍然精美。根据空后的“but”可知，空处所填词与空后“worn”表示的含义形成转折，应是表示积极含义的，故“delicate”符合语境。shabby“破旧的”；delicate“精美的”；ugly“丑陋的”；old“旧的”。
9．A.working B．learning
C．playing D．feeling
A 解析：这些具有创意的被子让“我”想起了总是辛勤劳动的“我”的曾祖母们。此处work hard表示“努力工作，辛勤劳动”。
10．A.thrown B．kept
C．covered D．spread
D 解析：根据上文中的“folded ________ and smartly, were a 50-year-old baby blanket, several doilies(装饰垫)”的提示可知此处为“我”想起了那块铺在她们起居室地面的布。throw“扔”；keep“保存”；cover“覆盖”；spread“铺开”。
11．A.warm B．wrinkled
C．smooth D．soft
B 解析：根据上文中的“remind me of my great-grandmothers who were always ________ hard”可知，多年辛勤劳动的曾祖母她们的手是有皱纹的。warm“温暖的”；wrinkled“有皱纹的”；smooth“光滑的”；soft“柔软的”。
12．A.threads B．actions
C．sounds D．pictures
C 解析：根据空后的“from their sewing machines”可知此处指的是缝纫机发出的有规律的声音。thread“线”；action“动作”；sound“声音”；picture“照片”。
13．A.make B．invent
C．clean D．check
A 解析：“我”希望能及时回到过去看她们制作这些被子。make“做”；invent“发明”；clean“清理”；check“检查”。
14．A.brought B．sent away
C．delivered D．left behind
D 解析：根据上文中的“________ from generations of women in my family, and two small ________”可知，“我”很珍惜曾祖母们留下来的这些被子。bring“带来”；send away“送出，派出”；deliver“递送”；leave behind“留下，遗留”。
15．A.pushed B．felt
C．paved D．changed
C 解析：“我”很高兴地知道那些为“我”的人生道路创造条件的女性留下了对她们自身的动人表达。push“推”；pave“铺设”；change“改变”。
16．A.If B．When
C．Once D．Though
B 解析：当“我”触摸她们留下来的那些物品上的破旧的布的时候，“我”总会想起正是这些女性的手让这些东西得以产生。when“当……的时候”符合语境。
17．A.existence B．life
C．power D．practice
A 解析：参见上题解析。bring into existence“使产生，使形成”。
18．A.regretful B．convinced
C．thankful D．respected
C 解析：根据下文中的“who have left behind unbelievable examples to ________ and lovely quilts to pass on”可知，“我”很感激家族中那些坚强的女性。regretful“后悔的”；convinced“确信的”；thankful“感激的”；respected“受尊敬的”。
19．A.through B．before
C．by D．for
B 解析：本文主要讲述“我”对曾祖母们的回忆，所以此处为家族中那些在“我”之前的女性，before“在……之前”符合语境。
20．A.replace B．build
C．set D．follow
D 解析：那些女性为“我”留下了学习的榜样以及那些充满爱意的被子。此处follow“以……为榜样，效仿”符合语境。
语法填空
As you know, science plays 1.____________very important role in our education. Do you want to keep up 2.____________the latest research and discoveries in science? There are many good websites 3.____________you can check out the latest in the science world.
One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news 4.____________(cover) a wide range of subjects. The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site 5.____________(suit) for them as well. Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day, 6.____________(call) Science Daily. The site is 7.____________(constant) updated with news, often about exciting 8.____________(finding) that change how we view the world.
These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they 9.____________(post) earlier. That way you can find articles just about anything that 10.____________(be) related to the science fields you are interested in.
【解题导语】 众所周知，科学在我们的教育中充当了一个很重要的角色。文章向我们介绍了几个方便查询最新科技信息的网站。
1．a 解析：考查冠词。play an important role in...为固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)”，因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的very，故填冠词a。
2．with 解析：考查介词。你想跟上科技的最新研究和发现吗？keep up with为固定结构，意为“跟上，不落在……后面”。
3．where 解析：考查定语从句。先行词为websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，相当于on which。
4．covering 解析：考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，该句中已经有谓语动词(reports)，提示词cover和其所修饰的名词news之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用cover的v.-ing形式作后置定语，在此相当于which covers。
5．suitable 解析：考查形容词。这里构成“find＋宾语＋形容词(宾补)”结构，所以用suit的形容词形式。
6．is called 解析：考查语态和时态。另一个“我”每天查看的精彩的网站被称作Science Daily。 one that I check out every day是主语Another wonderful site的同位语，且主语和call构成被动关系，再结合全文的时态，确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。
7．constantly 解析：考查副词。修饰动词updated，作状语，故用副词。
8．findings 解析：考查名词的数。finding为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且定语从句中谓语动词为“change”，为复数概念，所以应用复数形式。
9．posted 解析：考查动词的时态。这里指的是the past articles(以前的文章)，也就是说是以前发布的，所以用一般过去时。
10．is 解析：考查主谓一致。关系代词that指代的是先行词anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填is。
课件78张PPT。Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3Unit 20 New Frontiersautonomousrescuedilemma correspondmeanwhileoutspokenoutcomecure wrestlepresentdisconnectoriginaldonatein advancegive awaytake overget acrosscome outvary from...to...figure outturn toeven thoughleaving himhad to choose was rocking around whichhis one-year-old baby when礼物主持授予呈现现在的在场的ofon/towards/uponadvancedin advanceadvanceddiscussingintoget throughgive upgive ingiven out (花)开放显露；泄露(消息)传出(太阳等)出来；出现come uptake overtake uptake incomerescuersdonated a lot of money to withwithcorrespondencetoof→forfor→ofturn inturns outturn upSatisfiedtiredonly to findunable to sayglad to acceptwouldn’t have passed the examwould have helpedwhenwhen本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Jim went to answer the phone.____________(同时), his wife started to prepare lunch.
答案：Meanwhile
2．A ____________(困境) is a difficult situation in which you have to choose between two or more alternatives.
答案：dilemma
3．Marlin is getting along very well with his ____________(同事)．
答案：colleagues
4．There are four emergency ____________(出口) in the department store.
答案：exits
5．A major air-sea ____________(营救) is under way.
答案：rescue
6．I think you should go back to your ____________(最早的) plan.
答案：original
7．The company has decided it must ____________(呈现) a more modern image.
答案：present
8．Searching hand luggage at airports is now standard ____________(程序)．
答案：procedure
9．Public interest centres on the ____________(结果) of next week’s by-election.
答案：outcome
10．Germs are very small，and can only be seen with the aid of ____________(显微镜)．
答案：microscope
单句改错
1．It is said that her new album will be come out next month.____________________
答案：去掉be
2．How many people were present from the meeting last week？____________________
答案：from→at
3．I would have gone to see her if I had enough time.____________________
答案：had前加had
4．They were chatting happily on the Internet while the power was cut off.
____________________
答案：while→when
5．The young man rushed out, left his girlfriend crying there.____________________
答案：left→leaving
完成句子
1．我们刚要出发， 这时天开始下雨了。
We were about to start ____________________．
答案：when it began to rain
2．我们刚刚入睡， 突然铃声响了起来。
We __________________ when the bell rang.
答案：had just fallen asleep
3．我正在做作业， 灯突然灭了。
I __________ my homework __________ the light went out.
答案：was doing；when
4．这个人在车祸中丧生， 撇下了妻子和儿子。
The man was killed in a traffic accident, __________________________．
答案：leaving his wife and his son
5．我如果看过这场电影， 我就把电影内容告诉你了。
If I had seen the film, I ______________________ you about it.
答案：would have told
课文语篇改错
One of the 20th century’s premier scientist was Albert Einstein. In summer of 1905, he was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. So “E＝mc2” was born. Then he showed in his “theory of relativity” what not even time, mass or length are constant.Edwin Hubble, that returned from the First World War, started work in California. Later he proved that the universe was vastly large than had previously been thought.In 1929 Alexander Fleming discover the natural form of penicillin, which was mass-produced and helped to save the lives of millions. An engineer name Mauchly invented the world’s first computer. However, it used such much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town was went out. It was by mistake which Pervy Spencer discovered microwave, which improved the quality of human life on earth.
答案：
One of the 20th century’s premier was Albert Einstein. In summer of 1905, he was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired. So “E＝mc2” was born. Then he showed in his “theory of relativity” not even time, mass or length are constant.Edwin Hubble, returned from the First World War, started work in California. Later he proved that the universe was vastly than had previously been thought.In 1929 Alexander Fleming the natural form of penicillin, which was mass-produced and helped to save the lives of millions. An engineer Mauchly invented the world’s first computer. However, it used much energy that when it was turned on, the lights in the local town went out. It was by mistake Pervy Spencer discovered microwave, which improved the quality of human life on earth.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．I ____________(watch) TV when I heard a knock on the door.
答案：was watching
2．If he ____________(come) here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.
答案：had come
3．It ____________(report) that there was a collision between two trains this morning.
答案：was reported
4．They presented him ____________ a bunch of flowers.
答案：with
5．She made a __________(donate) of $5，000 to the Children’s Hospital.
答案：donation
6．The copy does not correspond ____________ the original.
答案：with
7．In ____________ meanwhile I’ll visit an old friend of mine.
答案：the
8．Can you help to cure her son ____________ his bad habits?
答案：of
9．Last year he was chosen to attend a conference of ____________(advance) workers.
答案：advanced
10．When she fell ill her daughter took ____________ the business from her.
答案：over
阅读理解
A
Every ocean lover knows the dangers of getting caught in a rip current(离岸流). Experienced swimmers know it is relatively easy to escape the narrow channel of the fast moving water by floating and allowing it to drag you further into the ocean or by swimming alongside the shore. However, inexperienced beachgoers often panic, and try to swim to land, placing themselves at risk of drowning due to tiredness. According to the U．S. National Ocean Service, the currents kill about 100 Americans each year and account for 80% of all lifeguard rescues. These scary statistics may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to Clever Girl, a smart buoy(浮标) that warns swimmers of the presence of deadly rip currents.
The smart device is the brainchild of Australian teenager Maddison King, who created Clever Girl as a project for her Grade 12 Design and Technology class. The 18－year－old, who works as a lifeguard during her spare time, came up with the brilliant idea after discovering that most children were unable to detect rip currents.
The basketball－sized plastic buoy, which can be attached to a chain of similar devices or the ocean floor, is fitted with a small propeller(螺旋桨). When the water travels at the speed of over 70 centimeters per second, it spins the propeller fast enough to power the light atop the buoy, warning swimmers to stay clear of the area.
Though it sounds simple enough, the youngster had to overcome numerous design challenges. For instance, she picked a red light since it is easy to see in the bright sunlight and also because the color serves as a universal warning sign for tourists that do not speak the local language. The device’s smooth surface and high handles ensure swimmers do not get hurt, while the black, white, and red striped underside, keeps sharks and other animals at bay.
Future versions might include something like a warning siren, which would provide sound warnings of rip currents. Besides, the present model costs about D|S 300 to make. “That’s beyond my purse，” she laughs, “the cost has to be cut down.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。在海洋游泳时，一些无经验的游泳者遇到高速离岸流时常常感到恐惧，并试图游向陆地，最终因疲劳而溺水身亡。受到做临时救生员的工作经历的启发，Maddison King发明了一种装置，能在离岸流达到一定速度时发出预警，从而避免人们误入高速洋流。
1．Which of the following is the right way to escape the rip current?
A．Waiting for rescues.
B．Swimming to the shore.
C．Moving fast in the water.
D．Floating with the water.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Experienced swimmers...the shore.”可知，有经验的游泳者知道，通过在快速流动的水中漂浮，让流水带着身体流入海洋或沿着海岸游泳是逃离离岸流的有效方式，故D项正确。
2．Why did Maddison decide to invent Clever Girl?
A．She wanted to challenge her creativity.
B．She was motivated by her working experience.
C．She was supposed to complete it for her class.
D．She was scared by the statistics of the government.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，18岁的Maddison King在业余时间做了一位救生员，她发现大多数孩子都无法察觉到离岸流，于是想出了这个绝妙的主意。据此可知，她的发明受到自己做救生员的工作经历的启发，故B项正确。
3．What do we know about the present version of Clever Girl?
A．It’s not available on the market.
B．It’s quite attractive for sea animals.
C．It’s based on a complex theory.
D．It can give warnings in different ways.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知，每年大约有100个美国人死于离岸流，但这些可怕的统计数据可能很快成为过去，这多亏了警告浮标装置——Clever Girl。结合最后一段可知，这种装置的成本很高，且未形成成品；据此可以判断，其目前版本还没有投放市场，故A项正确。
4．What could the future version of Clever Girl be like?
A．Safer and greener.
B．Cheaper and safer.
C．Greener and more effective.
D．Cheaper and more effective.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Besides，...cut down.’”可知，这种产品目前的版本成本大约是300美元，在将来成本可能下降；根据最后一段第一句可知，未来版本可能会装有警笛一类的东西以警告人们；据此可以判断，未来版本价格将降低，效果将更佳，故D项正确。
B
You’ll probably never go to Mars or sing on the stage with the Rolling Stones. But if virtual reality (VR) ever lives up to its promise, you might be able to do all these things—and many more—without even leaving your home. Unlike real reality, virtual reality means simulating(模仿)bits of our world. Apart from games and entertainment, it’s long been used for training airline pilots and surgeons and for helping scientists to figure out complex problems such as the structure of protein molecules(分子). Then how does it work?
Close your eyes and think of virtual reality and you probably picture something like this：a man wearing a wrap-around headset and data gloves wired into a powerful workstation or supercomputer. What distinguishes VR from an ordinary computer experience is the nature of the input and output. Where an ordinary computer uses things like a keyboard, a mouse, or speech recognition for input, VR uses sensors that detect how your body is moving. And where a PC displays output on a screen, VR uses two screens (one for each eye), surround-sound speakers, and maybe some forms of touch and body feedback as well.
VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors, dentists, engineers, architects, archaeologists, and the military for about the last 30 years. Difficult and dangerous jobs are hard to train for. How can you safely practice taking a trip to space, making a parachute jump, or carrying out brain surgery? All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.
Like any technology, virtual reality has both good and bad points. Critics always raise the risk that people may be addicted to alternative reality to the point of ignoring their real-world lives—but that criticism has been leveled on everything from radio and TV to computer games and the Internet. Like many technologies, VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you don’t have to use it if you don’t want to.
【解题导语】 文章向我们介绍了什么是虚拟现实，以及虚拟现实在我们现实生活中的广泛应用，最后介绍了作者对虚拟现实的看法和态度。
5．What equipment do we probably need for virtual reality?
A．A keyboard, a headset and a supercomputer.
B．A headset, data gloves and speech recognition.
C．A headset, data gloves and a supercomputer.
D．A keyboard, a mouse and speech recognition.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“a man wearing a wrap-around headset and data gloves wired into a powerful workstation or supercomputer”可知，虚拟现实需要的装备有连接着工作站或超级电脑的贴面式耳机和数据手套。故选C项。
6．Paragraph 3 is mainly about________．
A．the principles of virtual reality
B．the applications of virtual reality
C．the history of virtual reality
D．the influences of virtual reality
B 解析：段落大意题。由该段的主题句“VR has been routinely used by scientists, doctors...military for about the last 30 years.”及最后一句“All these things are obvious candidates for virtual reality applications.”可知，该段讲述的是虚拟现实的应用。
7．According to the passage, virtual reality means________．
A．imagining beautiful things in our mind
B．creating something that doesn’t exist
C．experiencing things that don’t really exist
D．cloning something that has died out
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“You’ll probably never go to Mars or sing...without even leaving your home.”可知，利用虚拟现实，你可以不出家门就体验登陆火星、与滚石乐队同台演唱，即所谓的虚拟现实就是体验不存在的、模仿现实世界的东西。
8．What is the writer’s attitude towards VR?
A．Appreciative. B．Cautious.
C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent.
A 解析：观点态度题。文章先介绍了什么是虚拟现实，然后向我们介绍虚拟现实的广泛应用，客观地介绍了虚拟现实的利弊，最后对批评的声音进行了驳斥，阐明了作者自己的观点“VR takes little or nothing away from the real world: you don’t have to use it if you don’t want to”。由此可见，作者对VR持赞赏态度。故选A。
七选五
One of my earliest memories was watching my mom talk on our old phone.I was fascinated that she could talk to someone who wasn’t actually in the room with her.1.________ I was wondering how she managed to talk with someone she couldn’t see.
2．________Later，we had mobile phones that could be carried around the room.Then came computers and smart phones.These days I can send an e-mail around the world in a second.My daughter’s smart phone has a hundred apps and a dozen social media accounts.She stores all of her information in a mysterious place known as“the cloud”，where she can take it out at any time.It seems that we are more connected in this world than ever before.
3．________Few take the time to talk face to face.Instead of looking into the eyes of our loved ones，we stare at our screens.It seems as if the most connected generations are also the loneliest.
Don’t let technology take our time and ruin our life.Make the time to meet，to pray and to communicate with each other.Take a walk on the beach with a friend.Have a long conversation with the phones off and the hearts on.4.________
Remember that we are here to love each other，help each other and make this world a better place.5.________But when it can’t，turn it off.
A．That was a long time ago.
B．Connect offline as well as online.
C．Smart phones have both advantages and disadvantages.
D．We should communicate with each other with phones off.
E．When your technology can help to do these things，then use it.
F．However，what bothers me is that we rarely associate with each other nowadays.
G．When she left the room，I slowly walked over to the phone and stared at it for a while.
【解题导语】 本文作者描述了家中通信工具的变化，指出人们现在很少互相见面交流，并建议人们合理利用科技，创造更美好的生活。
1．G 解析：根据空处前一句可知，作者对于妈妈能够和一个与她不在同一个房间的人说话感到很好奇，这吸引了作者。故G项“当她离开房间的时候，我慢慢地走到电话那儿并盯着看了一会儿”符合文意，故选G项。
2．A 解析：根据空后的“Later，we had mobile phones...Then came computers and smart phones.These days I can send an e-mail”可知，作者阐述了随着时间的变化，家中的通信工具也发生了改变。故A项“那是很久之前的事儿了”符合文意，故选A项。
3．F 解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为段落主题句。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述现在我们很少面对面交流了。故F项“然而，令我感到担心的是，我们现在很少互相交流了”能很好地概括段意，故选F项。
4．B 解析：根据上文可知，作者认为不能让科技占据我们太多的时间，摧毁我们的生活，我们应该花时间互相见面交流。故B项“既要在网上联系也要在网络之外联系”符合文意，故选B项。
5．E 解析：空处前一句提到我们来到这个世界是为了相互关爱，相互帮助，使世界变得更美好；后一句提到当科技不能(帮助你)做到这些时，就关掉它。所以空处应表示当科技能够帮助你做到这些时就使用它，故E项符合文意。
B卷
阅读理解
I look around and can’t recognize where I am.It seems familiar but distant.I see my friends gather by a stage where music is playing and I run over.As I begin running towards them，they become further and further away.I keep calling them，but no one hears me.I start hearing a distant alarm-like sound and I am transported away.I woke up in a daze(茫然) sitting in my bed.
“Oh，it was only a dream，” I said to myself. I have always had vivid and intense dreams.Sometimes，it feels like I haven’t even slept because I have been living in my dreams during my sleep.
Today，dreaming is being studied even more than ever.Some say that dreams are how your receptors(感受器)make sense of random thoughts while you sleep.Some say that you can’t dream of a face you have never seen before，so everyone you see in your dreams is whom you have at least laid eyes on at one time or another.
Other people think dreams are ways of expressing stress or internal feelings you may be experiencing.A lot of people say that they have dreams about being chased(追逐)．
A common interpretation of the “being chased” dream is that you are feeling threatened.Some dream interpretation sites say you should try to reflect on what or who is chasing you to get a better idea of what is making you feel this way.
Another dream that is often experienced is flying.This dream has a much more positive interpretation，which is that you are feeling free or have broken out of a bad situation such as a relationship turning sour or a job you hate.
Unfortunately，you may forget half of your dream within five minutes of waking up and within 10 minutes，you usually forget 90 percent of it.
Dreamologists，people who devote time to the study and interpretation of dreams，suggest if you want to try to remember and study your dreams you should keep a diary beside your bed and write down what you dreamt as soon as you wake up so you can reflect on it later.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，作者通过讲述自己做的梦来引出话题，分析了梦所代表的意义。
1．Dreams of “being chased” occur because________．
A．you are feeling threatened
B．you just quit a job you hate
C．your friends are far away from you when you are in need
D．your receptors are always thinking while you sleep
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“A common interpretation of the ‘being chased’ dream is that you are feeling threatened.”可知，对于梦中“被追逐”的常见解读是你正感觉受到威胁。故选A项。
2．Why should we keep a diary beside our bed to reflect on dreams?
A．We need to chase those people who appeared in our dreams.
B．We usually forget 90 percent of a dream within 10 minutes.
C．It can help us get out of the intense dreams.
D．It can help us sleep well without dreams.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“you may forget half of your dream within five minutes of waking up and within 10 minutes，you usually forget 90 percent of it”可知，人可能会在醒来后5分钟内忘掉一半的梦，10分钟内，往往已经忘掉了90%。因此我们可以在床边放一本日记本，方便醒来后马上把梦写下来。故选B项。
3．Where can we read this article?
A．In a poster.
B．In a physics book.
C．In a traveling magazine.
D．In a science newspaper.
D 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文对梦进行了分析，并对梦中“被追逐”和“飞翔”进行了解读，因此本文属于科学范畴，故选D项。
4．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Why Am I Always Dreaming
B．How Is My Dream Created
C．What Do My Dreams Mean
D．How to Avoid Dreams
C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文并根据第三段中的“Some say that dreams are how your receptors(感受器) make sense of random thoughts while you sleep.”及第四段中的“Other people think dreams are ways of expressing stress or internal feelings you may be experiencing.”可知，本文对梦所代表的意义进行了分析，故选C项。
完形填空
I love the feeling of exchanging goods with my parents. When we visit them, we often end up __1__ home more things than we brought with us. After packing up at the end of our most __2__ visit, and after the last __3__ and sounding of the car horn(喇叭), I took a quick look at the back __4__ of our car. At the top of the pile, folded __5__ and smartly, were a 50-year-old baby blanket, several doilies(装饰垫) __6__from generations of women in my family, and two small __7__．
These creative quilts, looking __8__ but quite lovingly worn, remind me of my great-grandmothers who were always __9__ hard. I think of the pieces of cloth __10__ over the floors of their living rooms. I think of their __11__ hands and the regular pattern of __12__ from their sewing machines. I think of their laughter, their smiles and the wisdom found in the corners of their eyes.
I wish I could go back in time and watch them __13__ these quilts, and I cherish the quilts my great-grandmothers __14__. I love knowing that the women who __15__ the way for my own path through life have left behind touchable expressions of themselves. __16__ I touch the worn cloth of each creation, I will always remember the women whose hands brought them into __17__. I will be ever __18__ for the strong women in my family who have lived __19__ me and with me, who have left behind unbelievable examples to __20__ and lovely quilts to pass on.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了“我”由曾祖母辈留下来的东西想到：这些东西传递给我们后辈的不仅是亲情和爱，更是长辈的热爱劳动热爱生活的精神。
1．A.leaving B．buying
C．taking D．returning
C 解析：根据上文中的“I love the feeling of exchanging goods with my parents.”和下文内容可知，我们常常从父母那里收到东西带回家。此处“taking”与空后的“brought”形成对比，符合语境。leave“离开”；buy“买”；take“带走”；return“返回”。
2．A.official B．regular
C．special D．recent
D 解析：此处表示在最近的一次拜访结束时，我们打包完之后。most recent 表示“最近的”，符合语境。official“官方的”；regular“有规律的”；special“特殊的”。
3．A.hugs B．handshakes
C．nods D．greetings
A 解析：根据语境可知，我们打包完之后准备走，故此处表示在与父母拥抱过后。hug“拥抱”；handshake“握手”；nod“点头”；greeting“问候”。
4．A.door B．window
C．wheel D．seat
D 解析：根据下文中的“At the top of the pile”可知，我们的车子里堆了很多要从父母那带走的物品，故应是“我”快速地朝车后座看了一眼。door“门”；window“窗户”；wheel“轮子”；seat“座位”。
5．A.closely B．neatly
C．loosely D．quickly
B 解析：根据空后的“and smartly”的提示可知，此处表示在那堆东西的上面，一条有50年之久的婴儿毯整洁漂亮地叠放在那儿。closely“紧密地”；neatly“整洁地”；loosely“松散地”；quickly“快速地”。
6．A.taken down B．given away
C．passed down D．put away
C 解析：根据下文中的“remind me of my great-grandmothers who were always ________ hard”的提示可知，这些东西是从“我”曾祖母辈传下来的。take down“记下”；give away“泄露(秘密等)，赠送”；pass down“把……向下传递”；put away“把……收起来”。
7．A.quilts B．parcels
C．cloths D．machines
A 解析：根据下文中的“These creative quilts”的提示可知，此处说的是被子。quilt“被褥”；parcel“包裹”；cloth“布”；machine“机器”。
8．A.shabby B．delicate
C．ugly D．old
B 解析：此处表示这些具有创意的被子，虽然用旧了，但看起来仍然精美。根据空后的“but”可知，空处所填词与空后“worn”表示的含义形成转折，应是表示积极含义的，故“delicate”符合语境。shabby“破旧的”；delicate“精美的”；ugly“丑陋的”；old“旧的”。
9．A.working B．learning
C．playing D．feeling
A 解析：这些具有创意的被子让“我”想起了总是辛勤劳动的“我”的曾祖母们。此处work hard表示“努力工作，辛勤劳动”。
10．A.thrown B．kept
C．covered D．spread
D 解析：根据上文中的“folded ________ and smartly, were a 50-year-old baby blanket, several doilies(装饰垫)”的提示可知此处为“我”想起了那块铺在她们起居室地面的布。throw“扔”；keep“保存”；cover“覆盖”；spread“铺开”。
11．A.warm B．wrinkled
C．smooth D．soft
B 解析：根据上文中的“remind me of my great-grandmothers who were always ________ hard”可知，多年辛勤劳动的曾祖母她们的手是有皱纹的。warm“温暖的”；wrinkled“有皱纹的”；smooth“光滑的”；soft“柔软的”。
12．A.threads B．actions
C．sounds D．pictures
C 解析：根据空后的“from their sewing machines”可知此处指的是缝纫机发出的有规律的声音。thread“线”；action“动作”；sound“声音”；picture“照片”。
13．A.make B．invent
C．clean D．check
A 解析：“我”希望能及时回到过去看她们制作这些被子。make“做”；invent“发明”；clean“清理”；check“检查”。
14．A.brought B．sent away
C．delivered D．left behind
D 解析：根据上文中的“________ from generations of women in my family, and two small ________”可知，“我”很珍惜曾祖母们留下来的这些被子。bring“带来”；send away“送出，派出”；deliver“递送”；leave behind“留下，遗留”。
15．A.pushed B．felt
C．paved D．changed
C 解析：“我”很高兴地知道那些为“我”的人生道路创造条件的女性留下了对她们自身的动人表达。push“推”；pave“铺设”；change“改变”。
16．A.If B．When
C．Once D．Though
B 解析：当“我”触摸她们留下来的那些物品上的破旧的布的时候，“我”总会想起正是这些女性的手让这些东西得以产生。when“当……的时候”符合语境。
17．A.existence B．life
C．power D．practice
A 解析：参见上题解析。bring into existence“使产生，使形成”。
18．A.regretful B．convinced
C．thankful D．respected
C 解析：根据下文中的“who have left behind unbelievable examples to ________ and lovely quilts to pass on”可知，“我”很感激家族中那些坚强的女性。regretful“后悔的”；convinced“确信的”；thankful“感激的”；respected“受尊敬的”。
19．A.through B．before
C．by D．for
B 解析：本文主要讲述“我”对曾祖母们的回忆，所以此处为家族中那些在“我”之前的女性，before“在……之前”符合语境。
20．A.replace B．build
C．set D．follow
D 解析：那些女性为“我”留下了学习的榜样以及那些充满爱意的被子。此处follow“以……为榜样，效仿”符合语境。
语法填空
As you know, science plays 1.____________very important role in our education. Do you want to keep up 2.____________the latest research and discoveries in science? There are many good websites 3.____________you can check out the latest in the science world.
One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news 4.____________(cover) a wide range of subjects. The articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site 5.____________(suit) for them as well. Another wonderful site, one that I check out every day, 6.____________(call) Science Daily. The site is 7.____________(constant) updated with news, often about exciting 8.____________(finding) that change how we view the world.
These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they 9.____________(post) earlier. That way you can find articles just about anything that 10.____________(be) related to the science fields you are interested in.
【解题导语】 众所周知，科学在我们的教育中充当了一个很重要的角色。文章向我们介绍了几个方便查询最新科技信息的网站。
1．a 解析：考查冠词。play an important role in...为固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)”，因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的very，故填冠词a。
2．with 解析：考查介词。你想跟上科技的最新研究和发现吗？keep up with为固定结构，意为“跟上，不落在……后面”。
3．where 解析：考查定语从句。先行词为websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，相当于on which。
4．covering 解析：考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，该句中已经有谓语动词(reports)，提示词cover和其所修饰的名词news之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用cover的v.-ing形式作后置定语，在此相当于which covers。
5．suitable 解析：考查形容词。这里构成“find＋宾语＋形容词(宾补)”结构，所以用suit的形容词形式。
6．is called 解析：考查语态和时态。另一个“我”每天查看的精彩的网站被称作Science Daily。 one that I check out every day是主语Another wonderful site的同位语，且主语和call构成被动关系，再结合全文的时态，确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。
7．constantly 解析：考查副词。修饰动词updated，作状语，故用副词。
8．findings 解析：考查名词的数。finding为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且定语从句中谓语动词为“change”，为复数概念，所以应用复数形式。
9．posted 解析：考查动词的时态。这里指的是the past articles(以前的文章)，也就是说是以前发布的，所以用一般过去时。
10．is 解析：考查主谓一致。关系代词that指代的是先行词anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填is。
课件49张PPT。Section Ⅳ Communication Workshop, Language Awareness 5 &
Culture CornerUnit 20 New Frontiersoutwardsfadeprimitiveoverheaddeclareexplorationpermanent initial permitripen presspoisonoussend outend withdrop offas a result ofset uprather thanin conclusionlead towith the US putting a manin caseas long asall of whichsent awaysend it backsent downsend forfaded awayfade intofade out 让……下车下降打盹减少dropped outdrop indrop behinddrop awaywithout afromresulted in this terrible accidentresulted from the driver’s carelessnesscleaningapartsets asideset downgootherconclusionwithfromto smokesmokingpermissionagainstto ensureondeclared againstwas declared openarisingboughtto solveIn that caseIn no casewhomofits cover is very nicewhose cover is very nicethe cover of which is very of which the cover is very nicenice本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放Section Ⅳ Communication Workshop, Language Awareness 5 &
Culture Corner
1．outwards adv. 向外地
2．fade vi. 逐渐变弱
3．primitive adj. 原始的
4．overhead adj. 头顶上的
5．declare vt. 宣告；宣布
6．exploration n. 探测；探险→explore vt.探索
7．permanent adj.长久的， 永久的→permanently adv.永久地
8．initial adj.最初的， 开始的→ initially adv.最初地
9．permit vt.允许， 许可→permission n．允许，许可
10．ripen vi.(使)成熟→ ripe adj.成熟的
11．press vt.按；压→pressure n．压力
12．poisonous adj.有毒的→poison n．毒药；毒物
1．send__out 发送；派遣；放出
2．end__with 以……结束
3．drop__off 下降， 减少；打盹；让……下车
4．as__a__result__of 因为……
5．set__up 建立
6．rather__than 而不是
7．in__conclusion 总之
8．lead__to 导致
1．with＋宾语＋现在分词作宾补
This marked the beginning of the “space race” between the US and the USSR, which ended with__the__US__putting__a__man(美国将人送到) on the moon in 1969.
2. in case 意为“万一”， 引导条件状语从句
...so as to research life in space and provide a stepping stone__in__case (万一) future manned flights are sent out.
3．as long as 意为“只要”， 引导条件状语从句
The possibilities for the future are endless and__as__long__as__(只要) people remain interested, we will keep exploring the world overhead.
4．“不定代词＋of which”引导非限制性定语从句
On the border of England and Wales, it is full of beauty, with high hills, wooded countryside and picturesque towns and villages, all__of__which__(所有这一切) makes it an ideal place to visit.
①(教材P26) They’re going to send out cameras to find places like Earth.
他们要发送相机去寻找像地球一样的地方。
②We sent out 300 invitations to our gallery opening.
我们发出了300 份参加我们画廊开业典礼的请柬。
send away 把……打发走
send back 退还；送回
send down 使坐牢
send for 派人去请
send in 派人去；呈交
send off 邮寄；安排……出去
send out for... 订购
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)他的律师被保安打发走了。
His lawyer was sent__away by the security guards.
(2)如果你不满意， 可以随时退还。
If you’re not happy with it, you can always send__it__back．
(3)他因为犯罪而被判刑五年。
He has been sent__down for five years for his crime.
(4)我认为我们应该尽快派人去请医生来。
I think that we should send__for__a doctor as soon as possible.
fade vi.逐渐变弱
①(教材P26)After this，interest faded and the number of manned flights dropped off. 在这之后，人们的兴趣开始减退， 载人飞行的数量也减少了。
②The laughter faded when they saw Karl’s face.
他们一看到卡尔的脸色， 笑声就消失了。
fade away 逐渐消失；病重死亡
fade into... 在……中逐渐消失
fade in (声音、 形象等)逐渐明显起来；淡入
fade out (声音、 形象等)逐渐消失；淡出
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)她的脚步声向楼梯下移去， 慢慢消失了。
Her footsteps faded__away down the staircase.
(2)他们听见有人经过房门的脚步声， 后来声音逐渐消失在远处。
They heard footsteps go past the room, then fade__into the distance.
(3)如果可以的话， 我愿意淡出你的生活。
If possible, I would like to fade__out from your life.
drop off 下降，减少；打盹；让……下车
(教材P26)After this，interest faded and the number of manned flights dropped off. 在这之后，人们的兴趣开始减退，载人飞行的数量也减少了。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中drop off的含义
(1)Can you drop the kids off at school this morning？让……下车
(2)Her popularity has dropped off recently.下降
(3)He usually drops off in front of the TV set.打盹
(4)Traffic in the town has dropped off since the by-pass opened.减少
drop out 辍学
drop away 逐渐下降；减少
drop in 拜访
drop behind/back 落后；掉队
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)詹姆斯开始攻读工程学学位， 但仅一年后就辍学了。
James started an engineering degree but dropped__out after only a year.
(2)我曾想路过时顺便来看看你。
I thought I’d drop__in on you while I was passing.
(3)我们可承担不起落后于竞争对手的后果。
We can’t afford to drop__behind our competitors.
(4)他的支持开始下降了。
Support for him has begun to drop__away．
as a result of... 由于……
①(教材P26)Recently there has been another burst of interest in space as a result of the Hubble Telescope.
最近，由于哈勃望远镜的发明，人们对探索太空的兴趣进入了另一个高潮。
②The child had to be brought up by his uncle as a result of his parents’ death.
由于父母双亡， 这孩子不得不由他叔叔抚养。
③Sara wasn’t at school last week, with the result that she missed an important test.
萨拉上星期没上学， 结果错过了一次重要的考试。
(1)as a result 结果， 因此
without result 毫无结果；徒劳
with the result that 为此；因此
(2)result from 因为， 源于
result in 结果为， 终归；导致
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)Parvati, his wife, sought him everywhere without result.
(2)As__a__result, we have to water the vegetable garden.
(3)In my opinion, his failure resulted__from__his laziness.
[能力提升]——一句多译
这个司机的粗心导致了这次可怕的事故。
(4)The driver’s carelessness__resulted__in__this__terrible__accident．
(5)This terrible accident__resulted__from__the__driver’s__carelessness．
set up 建立；设立；创建；开办
①(教材P26)The next step will be to send astronauts into the Earth’s orbit in order to set up space stations to conduct experiments.
接下来要做的就是将宇航员送入地球轨道来建立空间站进行实验。
②The old man set up his own company about twenty years ago. 这位老人在大约20年前建立了自己的公司。
set about doing sth. 开始做某事
set apart 使与众不同
set aside 留出；把……置于一旁
set back 耽搁
set down 记下
set off 出发
set out to do sth. 开始做某事
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)When she got home, she set about__cleaning(clean) the room.
(2)Her talent set her apart from other tennis players.
[能力提升]——完成句子
(3)这个老太太每月存一些钱以备养老。
The old woman sets__aside__some money every month for her old age.
(4)你把老教授说的话记下来了吗？
Have you set__down what the old professor had said?
rather than 而不是
①(教材P26)Due to China’s rapidly developing space programme, this could be sooner rather than later.
由于中国空间项目的快速发展， 这可能会变得更早而不是更晚。
②Whatever it is，make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.无论它是什么，务必保证它是让你释放日常压力而不是让你担忧的事。
(1)rather than用于连接两个并列成分， 当后接不定式时常省略to。
(2)rather than连接两个主语时， 谓语动词的单复数形式由rather than前面的主语决定。
(3)more than 超过；不仅仅是；非常
less than 少于
other than 除了
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)He preferred to stay at home rather than go(go) to the concert.
(2)Do you have any special interests__other__than your job?
in conclusion 总之，最后
①(教材P26)In conclusion, we are only really in the initial stages of exploring space...
总之， 我们在探索太空的过程中还处于初级阶段……
②In conclusion, I would like to thank anyone who has helped me.
最后， 我要感谢所有帮助过我的人。
③She came to the conclusion that her husband was only interested in himself.
她得出结论： 她丈夫只关心自己。
(1)draw/come to/arrive at/reach/
lead to/make a conclusion 得出结论
bring...to conclusion 使……结束
(2)conclude v. 推断出；使结束
conclude sth.with... 就某事与……
达成协议；
以……结束
conclude sth.from... 从……推断
出……
to conclude 最后
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)The sooner the war is brought to conclusion(conclude) the better.
(2)The author concludes the chapter__with__a brief summary of her research.
(3)We can conclude from his speech that he is very excellent.
permit vt.允许；准许 n．许可证
①(教材P27)You are not permitted to work if you are on a student visa.
如果你持学生签证是不允许去工作的。
②You can’t enter a military base without a permit.
你没有许可证不得擅入军事基地。
(1)permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 许可做某事
(2)permission n. 许可；允许
ask permission 请求许可
with one’s permission 在某人的允许下
without one’s permission 未经某人许可
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)You are not permitted__to__smoke(smoke) here.
(2)The rules of the club do not permit smoking(smoke)．
(3)Nobody can hurt me without my permission(permit)．
The couple don’t permit their daughter to go out at night.They often tell their daughter that she can’t go out without their permission.So when the girl has to go out sometimes, she must ask her parents’ permission.
press vt.&vi.按；压；逼迫；压碎
①(经典例句)Press here to open. 请按此处打开。
②If you press the button, the machine will start.
如果你按这个按钮的话， 机器就会发动。
press...against... 压在……上
press sb.to do sth. 强求某人做某事
press on 迫使某人接受想法、 意见、
东西等
press...out of/from... 把……从……中挤出
press through... 挤过……
press...into/onto... 把……塞进/压入
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)He pressed his back__against the door.
(2)Managers are being pressed__to__ensure(ensure) safety standards are met.
(3)He tried to press his opinion__on__us.
declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
①(经典例句)The chairman was about to declare the conference open when there was a failure power.
主席正要宣布会议开始这时停电了。
②The United States declared its independence from Britain in 1776.
美国于1776年正式宣布脱离英国而独立。
declare sb./sth.to be 宣布某人或某事……
declare to sb. 对某人宣布、声明
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对……
declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战
declare sth.open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)在会议上他反对这项计划，这使我们都很吃惊。
He declared__against the plan at the meeting，which surprised us all.
(2)奥运会一宣布开幕，全世界都沸腾了。
The moment the Olympic Games was__declared__open，the whole world cheered.
(教材P26)This marked the beginning of the “space race” between the US and the USSR, which ended with the US putting a man on the moon in 1969.
这标志着美国和前苏联“太空竞赛”的开始，最终以美国于1969年将人送到月球而告终。
with复合结构在句中常作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、伴随等，其构成是：
with＋n.＋
With no money in his pocket，he left with disappointment.
由于口袋里没钱，他失望地离开了。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)With many problems arising(arise), he didn’t know what to do next.
(2)With all the things bought(buy), she went home happily.
(3)With too many problems to__solve(solve)，the new manager is on pins and needles.
(教材P26)．..so as to research life in space and provide a stepping stone in case future manned flights are sent out.
……(建空间站)为的是研究太空生命并为将来发送载人客机提供落脚地。
(1)in case 以免， 万一， 引导条件状语从句。 in case也可引导目的状语从句。 in case引导状语从句时， 可使用一般现在时表示将来。
(2)in case of 介词短语， 意为： 万一，表示条件；意为： 以防， 表示目的。
(3)in any case 无论如何
in no case 决不(置于句首时， 要用部
分倒装结构)
in this/that case 如果这样/那样
Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck.
劳瑞告诉她，他已经扑灭了火，她不该动以防伤着脖子。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)那样的话，我们最好对这一问题展开讨论。
In__that__case,__we’d better hold a discussion about the problem.
(2)教室里决不允许吸烟。
In__no__case shall we allow smoking in the classroom.
(教材P29)On the border of England and Wales，it is full of beauty，with high hills，wooded countryside and picturesque towns and villages, all of which makes it an ideal place to visit.
在英格兰与威尔士的交界处，到处都是美景——群山耸立、乡村内树木繁茂、村镇内风景如画，这一切使它成了一个理想的旅游胜地。
本句为主从复合句， all of which引导非限制性定语从句， all of which属于“不定代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构。
(1)“the＋名词＋of＋which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句时， 相当于“whose＋名词”(当先行词为人时， 只能用whom；当先行词为物时， 只能用which)；也可以转换为“of which/whom＋the＋名词”来引导。
(2)“the＋形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”可以引导非限制性定语从句。
(3)“数词＋of＋which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句时， 也可以把“of＋which/whom”置于数词前。
①Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of which has been proved.
关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。
②The child was saved by a man, whose name was not known.
＝The child was saved by a man, the name of whom was not known.
＝The child was saved by a man, of whom the name was not known.
这个孩子被一位不知姓名的男子救了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)Two ladies were walking towards us, the taller of whom was my aunt.
(2)There are sixty students in our class, of__whom two-fifths are girls.
[能力提升]——一句多译
这个教授有一本好书， 书的封面也很美。
(3)The professor has a good book and__its__cover__is__very__nice．
(4)The professor has a good book, whose__cover__is__very__nice．
(5)The professor has a good book, __the__cover__of__which__is__very__nice．
(6)The professor has a good book, of__which__the__cover__is__very__nice．
品句填词
1．The doctor doesn’t ____________(允许) the patient to go upstairs until her leg is better.
答案：permit
2．The impression she had made on me seemed to ____________(逐渐变弱) gradually from my mind.
答案：fade
3．The ____________(现象) that rivers freeze in cold winter is common in this area.
答案：phenomenon
4．The black did not know which part of Africa their ____________(祖先) had come from.
答案：ancestors
5．Police dogs are used to ____________(嗅) out unlawful drugs which are hidden somewhere.
答案：sniff
6．Don’t ____________(压) this ball hard; otherwise you will get it blown up.
答案：press
7．Modern international business is believed to come from this ____________(最初的) trade form.
答案：initial
8．The language ____________(障碍) can’t prevent these engineers from cooperating well.
答案：barrier
9．The thick clouds passed ____________(在头顶上)．It seemed that rain would soon pour down.
答案：overhead
10．I must ____________(宣布) that I have nothing to do with the affair.
答案：declare
单句改错
1．The noise of the children in the street was faded away.____________________
答案：去掉was
2．No one is permitted leave the building without his permission.____________________
答案：leave前加to
3．When did England declare war to the small country？____________________
答案：to→on
4．She failed in the exam as a result her carelessness that time.____________________
答案：result后加of
5．The students rather than the teacher is looking forward to the ceremony.
____________________
答案：is→are
完成句子
1．这里有16名女学生，她们中一半人已经通过了考试。
There are 16 girl students here，______________________________ the test.
答案：half of whom have passed
2．应该为此事负责的是他而不是你。
He ______________ you ________ responsible for the event.
答案：rather than；is
3．被敌人抓住后，刘胡兰宁死不屈。
Liu Hulan ____________________ give in after she was caught by the enemy.
答案：would rather die than
4．小偷被捆绑着双手带进了派出所。
The thief was forced into the police station ____________________．
答案：with his hands tied
5．这家商店卖的手表都是正品，而且种类还特别多。
This shop sells a wide range of watches，__________________ are the quality goods.
答案：all of which
A卷
单句语法填空
1．With many things ____________(deal) with, I have to work day and night.
答案：to deal
2．His speech started ____________ a funny short story.
答案：with
3．Many people are at a loss as to what to do in case ____________ a real fire.
答案：of
4．He gives up French so as to ____________(take) up English.
答案：take
5．The accident resulted ____________ the death of two passengers.
答案：in
6．If I do drop ____________， wake me as soon as Martin arrives, won’t you?
答案：off
7．____________ conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe and available form of exercise.
答案：In
8．How dare you borrow it without my ____________(permit)?
答案：permission
9．In Japan this custom is slowly fading ____________．
答案：out
10．With so many people ____________(communicate) in English, it will become more important to learn English.
答案：communicating
阅读理解
For many years，Bruce Bexler dreamed of going where no human had gone before.He wanted to cut a path through unexplored lands and discover rare，exotic species.
That might sound like an impossible dream，but Bexler turned it into a reality.
In December 2015，he and a team of Australian and American scientists ventured into an isolated tropical rain forest on the island of New Guinea.They were the first people ever to enter the mist-covered region.“As time was limited，we were dropped in by helicopter.Once we were on the ground，there were no trails anywhere；it was really hard to get around，” Bexler says.
Within minutes of landing，the team spotted a black chicken-like bird with strange orange skin hanging from its neck.The scientists soon determined that the unusual creature was a type of honeyeaters—the first new bird species to be sighted on New Guinea in 60 years.
The honeyeater wasn’t the only surprise for the scientists.They discovered more than 40 previously unknown plant and animal species—13 birds of paradise，20 frogs，four butterflies，and five palms.“We__were__like__kids__in__a__candy__store，” Bexler recalls.“Everywhere we looked，we saw amazing things we had never seen before.”
The newfound species didn’t shy away from the scientists.Two long-nosed echidnas—primitive egg-laying mammals—let the visitors pick them up and take them back to camp to study them.An echidna looks like a hedgehog and is also called a spiny anteater.
Bexler thinks the animals weren’t scared because they had never seen humans before.“In almost all parts of New Guinea，animals are hunted for food, and because of this，they are very cautious of people，”he explains.“This area gives scientists a place where they can go to study the behaviours of animals that have not yet learned to be afraid of people.”
Scientists believe the area is probably the largest untouched forest in Asia.Local people called Kwerba hunt and collect plants from the outer-edges of the forest but told Bexler that not even their ancestors had gone so far into the woods.The wooded area is approximately a 10-day walk from the nearest village.
Bexler and his team did not have enough time during the expedition to study the area completely.They hope to return and expect to record many more undiscovered species.“We just scratched the surface，” Bexler says.“Anyone who goes there will come back with a mystery.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Bruce Bexler梦想去人类从未到过的地方，而后来他与澳大利亚和美国的科学家在新几内亚岛发现了一些新物种的故事。
1．Which word best describes Bruce Bexler?
A．Adventurous. B．Cautious.
C．Optimistic. D．Careful.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，Bruce Bexler梦想去人类从未到过的地方，开辟一条未经探索的路并且发现罕见的奇异物种。因此可以推断Bruce Bexler是一个具有冒险精神的(Adventurous)人，故选A项。
2．What does Bruce Bexler mean in Paragraph 5 when he says “We were like kids in a candy store”？
A．They didn’t have enough food and were hungry.
B．They were very excited about what they saw.
C．They were misbehaving like naughty children.
D．They knew that if they kept searching，they’d find sugar.
B 解析：句意理解题。根据第五段中的“Everywhere we looked，we saw amazing things we had never seen before.”可知，我们对之前从未见过的事物感到惊奇。因此“We were like kids in a candy store”指的是Bruce Bexler在这个杳无人烟的地方因为发现了许多未曾见过的新物种而非常激动。故选B项。
3．Why did some of the animals allow the scientists to pick them up?
A．The scientists seemed to be very friendly.
B．The scientists were skilled in handling animals.
C．The animals had been well-trained by the local people.
D．The animals had no experience or fear of people.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第七段中的“Bexler thinks the animals weren’t scared because they had never seen humans before.”可知，一些动物允许科学家把它们抱起来是因为它们之前没有见过人类，它们不害怕人类。故选D项。
4．What can we conclude about the area Bruce Bexler explored?
A．The best way to explore the area is by helicopter.
B．The area has not been visited by scientists for many years.
C．The area still contains many plants and animals unknown to science.
D．The locals are unwilling to allow the scientists to enter the deep woods.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They hope to return and expect to record many more undiscovered species.”可知，他们希望还能回到这个地区并期待发现、记录更多未被发现的物种。故选C项“这个地区仍然有很多科学上未知的动植物”。
完形填空
Grady threw down his backpack and slammed the car door shut.
“This is going to be a really__1__week，” he said unhappily to no one__2__．He looked around the campground.Hundreds of blue-green fir trees，some as tall as church towers，__3__the mountainside，giving it the appearance of a lush green carpet.The sun would be setting soon.Then，Grady thought，maybe the__4__wouldn’t feel so bad.Even up here in the__5__，the hot stickiness of July clung to him.
Grady hated camping，but it was something his family __6__every summer.His father liked cooking over an open fire，telling stories about how to __7__things like bear attacks and swarms of bees.His mother and younger brother Jared liked to hike and take__8__ of animals.Jared had a collection of bug pictures that he’d__9__to the walls in his half of their room.Grady thought they were just scary and considered them proof that Jared was a__10__kid.
They set up camp—two__11__，one for his parents and one for himself and Jared.While everyone else started __12__ dinner，Grady，looking for some place to cool down，set off for the nearby stream，which was deep enough to__13__in.
As he__14__the stream，something caught his eye.There was a(n)__15__black bear cub—no more than two feet tall with a lovely face.It was playing__16__at the water’s edge，__17__its surroundings.Grady moved closer to get a__18__look.Then Grady heard a sound behind him.He__19__his father saying that bear cubs would never be__20__．Then he turned around and saw the cub’s mother moving swiftly towards him...
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是Grady和家人一起露营，由于天气太热，Grady独自一人去找小溪乘凉，却遇到了黑熊的故事。
1．A.long B．interesting
C．peaceful D．risky
A 解析：根据空后的“unhappily”可知，此处应用long表示这一周会很漫长。long“漫长的”；interesting“有趣的”；peaceful“和平的，平静的”；risky“危险的，冒险的”。
2．A.in advance B．in brief
C．in particular D．in silence
C 解析：他不高兴地自言自语道：“这将是很漫长的一周。” Grady并没有特别地对某个人说，因此，C项符合语境。in silence“安静地，无声地”。
3．A.blocked B．covered
C．reflected D．scarred
B 解析：数以百计的蓝绿色冷杉树，有些像教堂塔一样高，覆盖着山坡，使山坡呈现出一个郁郁葱葱的像绿色地毯的外观。从下文的“carpet”可知，数以百计的冷杉树覆盖着山坡。block“阻止，阻塞”；cover“覆盖”；reflect“反射，映出”；scar“结疤，给……留下伤痕”。
4．A.dust B．campground
C．heat D．sun
C 解析：根据上文中的“The sun would be setting soon.”及下文中的“the hot stickiness of July clung to him”可知，Grady认为太阳下山后就不会那么热了。故C项heat“高温”符合语境。dust“尘土”；campground“野营地”。
5．A.mountain B．river
C．sky D．tower
A 解析：即使在山上，7月的炎热依旧如影随形。根据上文中的“mountainside”可知，作者的野营地在山上。故选A项。
6．A.believed in B．insisted on
C．came across D．lived through
B 解析：Grady讨厌野营，但是这是他家人每年夏天坚持的事情。根据空前的转折词but可知，Grady的家人和他的想法相反。believe in“相信”；insist on“坚持”；come across“偶遇”；live through“经历过”。故选B项。
7．A.encourage B．explore
C．recognize D．survive
D 解析：他的父亲喜欢在户外的火上做饭，讲关于如何在类似熊和蜜蜂的攻击下生存下来的故事。根据空后的“bear attacks and swarms of bees”可知，这些故事是关于如何在类似熊和蜜蜂攻击下生存的。survive“幸存，生还”符合语境。encourage“鼓励”；explore“探索”；recognize“认识，认出”。
8．A.care B．control
C．pictures D．examples
C 解析：根据后一句中的“Jared had a collection of bug pictures”可知，本空指给动物拍照。take pictures of“拍……的照片”，为固定搭配。
9．A.guided B．pinned
C．taken D．thrown
B 解析：根据空后的“to the walls”可知，这些照片是被钉在墙上的。guide“指导，引导”；pin“(用钉等)钉住”；take“携带”；throw“扔”。
10．A.sensitive B．smart
C．tough D．strange
D 解析：根据语境可知，Grady认为这些(虫子的照片)非常吓人，并且把它们当作证明Jared是一个奇怪的孩子的证据。sensitive“敏感的”；smart“聪明的”；tough“坚强的”；strange“奇怪的”。
11．A.beds B．rooms
C．tents D．plates
C 解析：根据空前的“camp”可知，此处是搭起两个帐篷。bed“床”；room“房间”；tent“帐篷”；plates“盘子”。故选C项。
12．A.altering B．hunting
C．ordering D．preparing
D 解析：根据空后的“dinner”及常识可知，此处表示准备晚餐。alter“改变”；hunt“打猎”；order“点菜”；prepare“准备”。
13．A.dig B．swim
C．hide D．sink
B 解析：当其他人都在开始准备晚餐的时候，Grady想要寻找清凉的地方，于是动身去附近的小溪。这条小溪足够深，可以在里面游泳。根据本句中的“looking for some place to cool down”可知，Grady想在小溪里游泳凉快一下。dig“挖”；swim“游泳”；hide“躲藏”；sink“沉没”。
14．A.crossed B．imagined
C．left D．neared
D 解析：根据上文中的“set off for the nearby stream”可知，Grady朝小溪走去，因此此处表示离小溪越来越近。near“靠近(某地方)”符合语境。
15．A.adorable B．aggressive
C．injured D．large
A 解析：根据空后的“no more than two feet tall with a lovely face”可知，小黑熊很可爱。adorable“可爱的”；aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的”；injured“受伤的”。故选A项。
16．A.cautiously B．joyfully
C．forcefully D．nervously
B 解析：小黑熊在水边快乐地玩耍，忽视了它周围的环境。cautiously“小心地，谨慎地”；joyfully“高兴地”；forcefully“强有力地”；nervously“紧张地”。故选B项。
17．A.attacking B．destroying
C．hating D．ignoring
D 解析：参见上题解析。attack“攻击，进攻”；destroy“破坏”；hate“讨厌”；ignore“忽视，不顾”。
18．A.better B．brighter
C．fixed D．lasting
A 解析：Grady走近了一点，想看得更清楚一些。get a better look“看得更清楚”。
19．A.found B．learned
C．remembered D．misunderstood
C 解析：这时Grady听到后面传来一阵声音，Grady记起父亲说过熊的幼仔不会单独出行的。find“发现”；learn“学会，了解到”；remember“记得”；misunderstand“误解”。
20．A.alone B．awake
C．cute D．scared
A 解析：根据空后的“Then he turned around and saw the cub’s mother moving swiftly towards him...”可知，小黑熊的妈妈正朝Grady迅速地走来。因此，此处表示熊的幼仔从来不会单独出行。alone“独自的”；awake“醒着的”；cute“漂亮的，聪明的”；scared“恐惧的，惊恐的”。
B卷
阅读理解
A
It is the ideal way for travellers to ensure they wake up with the perfect view—a portable Ecocapsule that can be set up anywhere in the world. The innovative, egg-shaped pods ensure travellers can camp in the most extreme corners of the world, with all the luxury of a hotel room.
Looking like something in a sci-fi movie, the pod is equipped with solar panels, and a retractable wind turbine, which guarantee solar and wind energy as its power. In this way, the tiny home can let you live comfortably wherever you travel. It even has its own shower and toilet, sleeping area for two, and a small kitchen. It may look like a camp, but at least with the Ecocapsule you can look forward to a hot shower and running water on your travels.
The 3，306 lb pods can be transported on your travels in a sea-container or can be towed on a trailer, meaning the possibilities are endless.
Bratislava-based Nice Architects are behind the extraordinary Ecocapsules and said they initially designed them for people who stay in the nature for a long time. However, it quickly became apparent that they could be opened up to the wider public and even used in urban areas to combat high rent, and placed on roofs for studio space or living quarters. The Ecocapsule can serve as a cottage, a pop-up hotel or even as a charging station for electric cars.
The Ecocapsules could even be quickly imported for housing for emergency teams who have been quickly deployed to help with natural disasters that have destroyed nearby infrastructure. Described by the website as a “Swiss Army knife”—it packs everything you need, the self-contained unit can sustain long periods of time without external resources.
The 86 sqft pods are able to sleep two people for up to a year and for those worried about a cold night’s sleep, the Ecocapsule has a thick layer of efficient heat isolation and energy restoration which significantly reduce heat loss.
The pod is designed to withstand harsh weather conditions due to its innovative design and materials used. No wonder the Nice Architects are so confident about its prospect and the producers are receiving heavy orders.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇产品说明文，主要介绍了一种便携式产品——Ecocapsule的功能、设计原理、大小、技术构造等情况。该产品配有太阳能电池板和可伸缩的风力发电涡轮机为其提供太阳能和风能，可以让两人同时入住，有良好的保暖效果。
1．Where does the Ecocapsule get power?
A．From solar panels and a retractable wind turbine.
B．From a portable battery.
C．From an electric generator.
D．From its shower.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，看起来就如科幻电影中的某种东西一样，该产品里装着太阳能电池板和可伸缩的风力发电涡轮机，它们能为其提供太阳能和风能。据此可知，该产品由太阳能电池板和风力发电涡轮机提供能源，故A项正确。
2．Whom may be the Ecocapsule initially designed for?
A．Campers. B．Office ladies.
C．Field biologists. D．Homeless people.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“they initially designed them for people who stay in the nature for a long time”可知， 该产品是为长期待在野外的人设计的，C项意为“野外生物学家”，故C项正确。
3．Why don’t the Ecocapsule’s users worry about coldness during their night’s sleep?
A．Because there is a retractable wind turbine in it.
B．Because it has an air conditioner in it.
C．Because it is a self-contained unit.
D．Because it is equipped with a thick layer to reduce heat loss.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“for those...reduce heat loss”可知，对于那些担心夜晚寒冷的人来说，该产品有一层厚的高效隔热和能量恢复层，可以有效减少热量损失。故D项正确。
4．How do the designers view the Ecocapsule’s future market?
A．Negative. B．Optimistic.
C．Worried. D．Doubtful.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后一句可知，Nice Architects对该产品很自信，生产商也收到了大量的订单；结合本文描述的该产品的功能和高科技特点等可以判断，该产品设计者对此产品的市场前景持积极的态度，故B项正确。
B
Psychology tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.
Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn’t have the fear to move on. This is because they have failed a few times in their lives. Please step out and don’t let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on! In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human nature provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances.
Risk-taking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories. This__attitude has become a part of our modern culture. Riding a roller coaster is a common risk-taking activity. Even each person seems to enjoy the risk although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological connection creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.
Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too. We need to take risks so that we can complete many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a spacecraft; however, the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take risks when they buy parts of a company; however, without doing that, they could not make more money.
We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking risks. It is all part of the game. It’s one of the most important parts of life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，通过介绍生活中充满冒险，告诉人们：没有冒险就没有收获。
5．Some people don’t want to take risks, mainly because ________．
A．they are too lazy to move on
B．they feel pleased with the present life
C．they have failed several times before
D．they show little interest in the strange world outside
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This is because they have failed a few times in their lives.”可知，一些人不想去冒险主要是因为他们曾经失败过几次。
6．What does the underlined part “This attitude” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Taking risks.
B．Fighting off enemies.
C．Discovering new territories.
D．Becoming stronger and stronger.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Risk-taking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories.”可知，冒险使得我们的祖先变得越来越强壮，使得他们能够击退敌人，发现新领地。画线部分所在句意为“这种态度已经成为我们现代文化的一部分”，由此可知，画线部分指的是冒险。
7．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Daily life is full of risks.
B．The safest place has the greatest risk.
C．People should take risks when they are young.
D．We can always achieve our goals by taking risks.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too...Businessmen take risks when they buy parts of a company; however, without doing that, they could not make more money.”可知，生活中充满了风险。
8．What would be the title for the passage?
A．Taking Risks Is Easier Said than Done
B．Risks Taken by Ancestors
C．Live Our Life to the Fullest
D．No Risk, No Gain
D 解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段提到当我们想要达到某个目标时，冒险对我们是有利的；又根据最后一段第一句“We need to take risks so that we can gain something.”可知，本文的主旨是没有冒险就没有收获。
语法填空
Whales look like fish and swim like fish. But they aren’t fish at all. They are mammals.
Whales can’t stay in the 1.____________ (deep) of the sea all the time as fish do. They have to come up for air from time to time. They breathe through blowholes at the top of their heads. When their warm breath hits the much 2.____________ (cold) air outside, it makes a cloud of mist 3.____________(call) a “spout(水柱)”. You can spot a whale by its spout.
Fish can’t make sounds but whales can. They make sounds 4.____________ (communicate) with each other.
5．____________ biggest whale of all is the blue whale. It is 6.____________ (absolute) huge.It can be 110 feet long and weigh more than 150 tons. That’s more than ten buses put together!
Finding food is a simple matter for blue whales. They just swim along 7.____________ their huge mouths open, and thousands of tiny sea creatures flow in. But blue whales have no teeth. Instead, they have strings of hardened skin like our fingernails, 8.____________ hang from the roof of the mouth. This hardened skin 9.____________ (use) as a strainer(过滤器) to let out the water while 10.____________(hold) back the trapped sea creatures.
1．depths 解析：考查名词。the depths of the sea意为“海洋深处”。
2．colder 解析：考查形容词比较级。由语境可知，外面的空气比鲸鱼呼出的气冷，且其前有much修饰，故填colder。
3．called 解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。a cloud of mist后跟后置定语，call与a cloud of mist之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且call所表示的动作已发生，故填called。
4．to communicate 解析：考查不定式作状语的用法。鲸鱼们发出声音的目的是彼此交流，故填to communicate。
5．The 解析：考查定冠词。形容词最高级前面要用定冠词，故填The。
6．absolutely 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰形容词huge，故填副词absolutely。
7．with 解析：考查介词。此处是with复合结构作状语。
8．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明strings of hardened skin，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
9．is used 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。由语境可知，此处用一般现在时，又因skin与use之间是被动关系，故填is used。
10．holding 解析：考查动词-ing形式作状语的用法。while与设空处构成“连词＋分词”结构，因主语This hardened skin与hold back之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填holding。
短文改错
When I was young, I lived in the countryside. At that time, the trees there were very green, that left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it gets dark, the air was cooler than it in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends but ran along the village happily. As the moon rose highly in the sky, the village was lighting. When I looked up, I could see the moon and a few star. They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside were so wonderful.
答案：
When I was young, I lived in the countryside. At that time, the trees there were very green, left a deep impression on me and the water there was so clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it dark, the air was cooler than in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends ran along the village happily. As the moon rose in the sky, the village was . When I looked up, I could see the moon and a few . They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside so wonderful.
品句填词
1．The doctor doesn’t ____________(允许) the patient to go upstairs until her leg is better.
答案：permit
2．The impression she had made on me seemed to ____________(逐渐变弱) gradually from my mind.
答案：fade
3．The ____________(现象) that rivers freeze in cold winter is common in this area.
答案：phenomenon
4．The black did not know which part of Africa their ____________(祖先) had come from.
答案：ancestors
5．Police dogs are used to ____________(嗅) out unlawful drugs which are hidden somewhere.
答案：sniff
6．Don’t ____________(压) this ball hard; otherwise you will get it blown up.
答案：press
7．Modern international business is believed to come from this ____________(最初的) trade form.
答案：initial
8．The language ____________(障碍) can’t prevent these engineers from cooperating well.
答案：barrier
9．The thick clouds passed ____________(在头顶上)．It seemed that rain would soon pour down.
答案：overhead
10．I must ____________(宣布) that I have nothing to do with the affair.
答案：declare
单句改错
1．The noise of the children in the street was faded away.____________________
答案：去掉was
2．No one is permitted leave the building without his permission.____________________
答案：leave前加to
3．When did England declare war to the small country？____________________
答案：to→on
4．She failed in the exam as a result her carelessness that time.____________________
答案：result后加of
5．The students rather than the teacher is looking forward to the ceremony.
____________________
答案：is→are
完成句子
1．这里有16名女学生，她们中一半人已经通过了考试。
There are 16 girl students here，______________________________ the test.
答案：half of whom have passed
2．应该为此事负责的是他而不是你。
He ______________ you ________ responsible for the event.
答案：rather than；is
3．被敌人抓住后，刘胡兰宁死不屈。
Liu Hulan ____________________ give in after she was caught by the enemy.
答案：would rather die than
4．小偷被捆绑着双手带进了派出所。
The thief was forced into the police station ____________________．
答案：with his hands tied
5．这家商店卖的手表都是正品，而且种类还特别多。
This shop sells a wide range of watches，__________________ are the quality goods.
答案：all of which
A卷
单句语法填空
1．With many things ____________(deal) with, I have to work day and night.
答案：to deal
2．His speech started ____________ a funny short story.
答案：with
3．Many people are at a loss as to what to do in case ____________ a real fire.
答案：of
4．He gives up French so as to ____________(take) up English.
答案：take
5．The accident resulted ____________ the death of two passengers.
答案：in
6．If I do drop ____________， wake me as soon as Martin arrives, won’t you?
答案：off
7．____________ conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe and available form of exercise.
答案：In
8．How dare you borrow it without my ____________(permit)?
答案：permission
9．In Japan this custom is slowly fading ____________．
答案：out
10．With so many people ____________(communicate) in English, it will become more important to learn English.
答案：communicating
阅读理解
For many years，Bruce Bexler dreamed of going where no human had gone before.He wanted to cut a path through unexplored lands and discover rare，exotic species.
That might sound like an impossible dream，but Bexler turned it into a reality.
In December 2015，he and a team of Australian and American scientists ventured into an isolated tropical rain forest on the island of New Guinea.They were the first people ever to enter the mist-covered region.“As time was limited，we were dropped in by helicopter.Once we were on the ground，there were no trails anywhere；it was really hard to get around，” Bexler says.
Within minutes of landing，the team spotted a black chicken-like bird with strange orange skin hanging from its neck.The scientists soon determined that the unusual creature was a type of honeyeaters—the first new bird species to be sighted on New Guinea in 60 years.
The honeyeater wasn’t the only surprise for the scientists.They discovered more than 40 previously unknown plant and animal species—13 birds of paradise，20 frogs，four butterflies，and five palms.“We__were__like__kids__in__a__candy__store，” Bexler recalls.“Everywhere we looked，we saw amazing things we had never seen before.”
The newfound species didn’t shy away from the scientists.Two long-nosed echidnas—primitive egg-laying mammals—let the visitors pick them up and take them back to camp to study them.An echidna looks like a hedgehog and is also called a spiny anteater.
Bexler thinks the animals weren’t scared because they had never seen humans before.“In almost all parts of New Guinea，animals are hunted for food, and because of this，they are very cautious of people，”he explains.“This area gives scientists a place where they can go to study the behaviours of animals that have not yet learned to be afraid of people.”
Scientists believe the area is probably the largest untouched forest in Asia.Local people called Kwerba hunt and collect plants from the outer-edges of the forest but told Bexler that not even their ancestors had gone so far into the woods.The wooded area is approximately a 10-day walk from the nearest village.
Bexler and his team did not have enough time during the expedition to study the area completely.They hope to return and expect to record many more undiscovered species.“We just scratched the surface，” Bexler says.“Anyone who goes there will come back with a mystery.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Bruce Bexler梦想去人类从未到过的地方，而后来他与澳大利亚和美国的科学家在新几内亚岛发现了一些新物种的故事。
1．Which word best describes Bruce Bexler?
A．Adventurous. B．Cautious.
C．Optimistic. D．Careful.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，Bruce Bexler梦想去人类从未到过的地方，开辟一条未经探索的路并且发现罕见的奇异物种。因此可以推断Bruce Bexler是一个具有冒险精神的(Adventurous)人，故选A项。
2．What does Bruce Bexler mean in Paragraph 5 when he says “We were like kids in a candy store”？
A．They didn’t have enough food and were hungry.
B．They were very excited about what they saw.
C．They were misbehaving like naughty children.
D．They knew that if they kept searching，they’d find sugar.
B 解析：句意理解题。根据第五段中的“Everywhere we looked，we saw amazing things we had never seen before.”可知，我们对之前从未见过的事物感到惊奇。因此“We were like kids in a candy store”指的是Bruce Bexler在这个杳无人烟的地方因为发现了许多未曾见过的新物种而非常激动。故选B项。
3．Why did some of the animals allow the scientists to pick them up?
A．The scientists seemed to be very friendly.
B．The scientists were skilled in handling animals.
C．The animals had been well-trained by the local people.
D．The animals had no experience or fear of people.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第七段中的“Bexler thinks the animals weren’t scared because they had never seen humans before.”可知，一些动物允许科学家把它们抱起来是因为它们之前没有见过人类，它们不害怕人类。故选D项。
4．What can we conclude about the area Bruce Bexler explored?
A．The best way to explore the area is by helicopter.
B．The area has not been visited by scientists for many years.
C．The area still contains many plants and animals unknown to science.
D．The locals are unwilling to allow the scientists to enter the deep woods.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They hope to return and expect to record many more undiscovered species.”可知，他们希望还能回到这个地区并期待发现、记录更多未被发现的物种。故选C项“这个地区仍然有很多科学上未知的动植物”。
完形填空
Grady threw down his backpack and slammed the car door shut.
“This is going to be a really__1__week，” he said unhappily to no one__2__．He looked around the campground.Hundreds of blue-green fir trees，some as tall as church towers，__3__the mountainside，giving it the appearance of a lush green carpet.The sun would be setting soon.Then，Grady thought，maybe the__4__wouldn’t feel so bad.Even up here in the__5__，the hot stickiness of July clung to him.
Grady hated camping，but it was something his family __6__every summer.His father liked cooking over an open fire，telling stories about how to __7__things like bear attacks and swarms of bees.His mother and younger brother Jared liked to hike and take__8__ of animals.Jared had a collection of bug pictures that he’d__9__to the walls in his half of their room.Grady thought they were just scary and considered them proof that Jared was a__10__kid.
They set up camp—two__11__，one for his parents and one for himself and Jared.While everyone else started __12__ dinner，Grady，looking for some place to cool down，set off for the nearby stream，which was deep enough to__13__in.
As he__14__the stream，something caught his eye.There was a(n)__15__black bear cub—no more than two feet tall with a lovely face.It was playing__16__at the water’s edge，__17__its surroundings.Grady moved closer to get a__18__look.Then Grady heard a sound behind him.He__19__his father saying that bear cubs would never be__20__．Then he turned around and saw the cub’s mother moving swiftly towards him...
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是Grady和家人一起露营，由于天气太热，Grady独自一人去找小溪乘凉，却遇到了黑熊的故事。
1．A.long B．interesting
C．peaceful D．risky
A 解析：根据空后的“unhappily”可知，此处应用long表示这一周会很漫长。long“漫长的”；interesting“有趣的”；peaceful“和平的，平静的”；risky“危险的，冒险的”。
2．A.in advance B．in brief
C．in particular D．in silence
C 解析：他不高兴地自言自语道：“这将是很漫长的一周。” Grady并没有特别地对某个人说，因此，C项符合语境。in silence“安静地，无声地”。
3．A.blocked B．covered
C．reflected D．scarred
B 解析：数以百计的蓝绿色冷杉树，有些像教堂塔一样高，覆盖着山坡，使山坡呈现出一个郁郁葱葱的像绿色地毯的外观。从下文的“carpet”可知，数以百计的冷杉树覆盖着山坡。block“阻止，阻塞”；cover“覆盖”；reflect“反射，映出”；scar“结疤，给……留下伤痕”。
4．A.dust B．campground
C．heat D．sun
C 解析：根据上文中的“The sun would be setting soon.”及下文中的“the hot stickiness of July clung to him”可知，Grady认为太阳下山后就不会那么热了。故C项heat“高温”符合语境。dust“尘土”；campground“野营地”。
5．A.mountain B．river
C．sky D．tower
A 解析：即使在山上，7月的炎热依旧如影随形。根据上文中的“mountainside”可知，作者的野营地在山上。故选A项。
6．A.believed in B．insisted on
C．came across D．lived through
B 解析：Grady讨厌野营，但是这是他家人每年夏天坚持的事情。根据空前的转折词but可知，Grady的家人和他的想法相反。believe in“相信”；insist on“坚持”；come across“偶遇”；live through“经历过”。故选B项。
7．A.encourage B．explore
C．recognize D．survive
D 解析：他的父亲喜欢在户外的火上做饭，讲关于如何在类似熊和蜜蜂的攻击下生存下来的故事。根据空后的“bear attacks and swarms of bees”可知，这些故事是关于如何在类似熊和蜜蜂攻击下生存的。survive“幸存，生还”符合语境。encourage“鼓励”；explore“探索”；recognize“认识，认出”。
8．A.care B．control
C．pictures D．examples
C 解析：根据后一句中的“Jared had a collection of bug pictures”可知，本空指给动物拍照。take pictures of“拍……的照片”，为固定搭配。
9．A.guided B．pinned
C．taken D．thrown
B 解析：根据空后的“to the walls”可知，这些照片是被钉在墙上的。guide“指导，引导”；pin“(用钉等)钉住”；take“携带”；throw“扔”。
10．A.sensitive B．smart
C．tough D．strange
D 解析：根据语境可知，Grady认为这些(虫子的照片)非常吓人，并且把它们当作证明Jared是一个奇怪的孩子的证据。sensitive“敏感的”；smart“聪明的”；tough“坚强的”；strange“奇怪的”。
11．A.beds B．rooms
C．tents D．plates
C 解析：根据空前的“camp”可知，此处是搭起两个帐篷。bed“床”；room“房间”；tent“帐篷”；plates“盘子”。故选C项。
12．A.altering B．hunting
C．ordering D．preparing
D 解析：根据空后的“dinner”及常识可知，此处表示准备晚餐。alter“改变”；hunt“打猎”；order“点菜”；prepare“准备”。
13．A.dig B．swim
C．hide D．sink
B 解析：当其他人都在开始准备晚餐的时候，Grady想要寻找清凉的地方，于是动身去附近的小溪。这条小溪足够深，可以在里面游泳。根据本句中的“looking for some place to cool down”可知，Grady想在小溪里游泳凉快一下。dig“挖”；swim“游泳”；hide“躲藏”；sink“沉没”。
14．A.crossed B．imagined
C．left D．neared
D 解析：根据上文中的“set off for the nearby stream”可知，Grady朝小溪走去，因此此处表示离小溪越来越近。near“靠近(某地方)”符合语境。
15．A.adorable B．aggressive
C．injured D．large
A 解析：根据空后的“no more than two feet tall with a lovely face”可知，小黑熊很可爱。adorable“可爱的”；aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的”；injured“受伤的”。故选A项。
16．A.cautiously B．joyfully
C．forcefully D．nervously
B 解析：小黑熊在水边快乐地玩耍，忽视了它周围的环境。cautiously“小心地，谨慎地”；joyfully“高兴地”；forcefully“强有力地”；nervously“紧张地”。故选B项。
17．A.attacking B．destroying
C．hating D．ignoring
D 解析：参见上题解析。attack“攻击，进攻”；destroy“破坏”；hate“讨厌”；ignore“忽视，不顾”。
18．A.better B．brighter
C．fixed D．lasting
A 解析：Grady走近了一点，想看得更清楚一些。get a better look“看得更清楚”。
19．A.found B．learned
C．remembered D．misunderstood
C 解析：这时Grady听到后面传来一阵声音，Grady记起父亲说过熊的幼仔不会单独出行的。find“发现”；learn“学会，了解到”；remember“记得”；misunderstand“误解”。
20．A.alone B．awake
C．cute D．scared
A 解析：根据空后的“Then he turned around and saw the cub’s mother moving swiftly towards him...”可知，小黑熊的妈妈正朝Grady迅速地走来。因此，此处表示熊的幼仔从来不会单独出行。alone“独自的”；awake“醒着的”；cute“漂亮的，聪明的”；scared“恐惧的，惊恐的”。
B卷
阅读理解
A
It is the ideal way for travellers to ensure they wake up with the perfect view—a portable Ecocapsule that can be set up anywhere in the world. The innovative, egg-shaped pods ensure travellers can camp in the most extreme corners of the world, with all the luxury of a hotel room.
Looking like something in a sci-fi movie, the pod is equipped with solar panels, and a retractable wind turbine, which guarantee solar and wind energy as its power. In this way, the tiny home can let you live comfortably wherever you travel. It even has its own shower and toilet, sleeping area for two, and a small kitchen. It may look like a camp, but at least with the Ecocapsule you can look forward to a hot shower and running water on your travels.
The 3，306 lb pods can be transported on your travels in a sea-container or can be towed on a trailer, meaning the possibilities are endless.
Bratislava-based Nice Architects are behind the extraordinary Ecocapsules and said they initially designed them for people who stay in the nature for a long time. However, it quickly became apparent that they could be opened up to the wider public and even used in urban areas to combat high rent, and placed on roofs for studio space or living quarters. The Ecocapsule can serve as a cottage, a pop-up hotel or even as a charging station for electric cars.
The Ecocapsules could even be quickly imported for housing for emergency teams who have been quickly deployed to help with natural disasters that have destroyed nearby infrastructure. Described by the website as a “Swiss Army knife”—it packs everything you need, the self-contained unit can sustain long periods of time without external resources.
The 86 sqft pods are able to sleep two people for up to a year and for those worried about a cold night’s sleep, the Ecocapsule has a thick layer of efficient heat isolation and energy restoration which significantly reduce heat loss.
The pod is designed to withstand harsh weather conditions due to its innovative design and materials used. No wonder the Nice Architects are so confident about its prospect and the producers are receiving heavy orders.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇产品说明文，主要介绍了一种便携式产品——Ecocapsule的功能、设计原理、大小、技术构造等情况。该产品配有太阳能电池板和可伸缩的风力发电涡轮机为其提供太阳能和风能，可以让两人同时入住，有良好的保暖效果。
1．Where does the Ecocapsule get power?
A．From solar panels and a retractable wind turbine.
B．From a portable battery.
C．From an electric generator.
D．From its shower.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，看起来就如科幻电影中的某种东西一样，该产品里装着太阳能电池板和可伸缩的风力发电涡轮机，它们能为其提供太阳能和风能。据此可知，该产品由太阳能电池板和风力发电涡轮机提供能源，故A项正确。
2．Whom may be the Ecocapsule initially designed for?
A．Campers. B．Office ladies.
C．Field biologists. D．Homeless people.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“they initially designed them for people who stay in the nature for a long time”可知， 该产品是为长期待在野外的人设计的，C项意为“野外生物学家”，故C项正确。
3．Why don’t the Ecocapsule’s users worry about coldness during their night’s sleep?
A．Because there is a retractable wind turbine in it.
B．Because it has an air conditioner in it.
C．Because it is a self-contained unit.
D．Because it is equipped with a thick layer to reduce heat loss.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“for those...reduce heat loss”可知，对于那些担心夜晚寒冷的人来说，该产品有一层厚的高效隔热和能量恢复层，可以有效减少热量损失。故D项正确。
4．How do the designers view the Ecocapsule’s future market?
A．Negative. B．Optimistic.
C．Worried. D．Doubtful.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后一句可知，Nice Architects对该产品很自信，生产商也收到了大量的订单；结合本文描述的该产品的功能和高科技特点等可以判断，该产品设计者对此产品的市场前景持积极的态度，故B项正确。
B
Psychology tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.
Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn’t have the fear to move on. This is because they have failed a few times in their lives. Please step out and don’t let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on! In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human nature provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances.
Risk-taking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories. This__attitude has become a part of our modern culture. Riding a roller coaster is a common risk-taking activity. Even each person seems to enjoy the risk although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological connection creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.
Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too. We need to take risks so that we can complete many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a spacecraft; however, the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take risks when they buy parts of a company; however, without doing that, they could not make more money.
We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or do anything else without taking risks. It is all part of the game. It’s one of the most important parts of life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，通过介绍生活中充满冒险，告诉人们：没有冒险就没有收获。
5．Some people don’t want to take risks, mainly because ________．
A．they are too lazy to move on
B．they feel pleased with the present life
C．they have failed several times before
D．they show little interest in the strange world outside
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This is because they have failed a few times in their lives.”可知，一些人不想去冒险主要是因为他们曾经失败过几次。
6．What does the underlined part “This attitude” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Taking risks.
B．Fighting off enemies.
C．Discovering new territories.
D．Becoming stronger and stronger.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Risk-taking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories.”可知，冒险使得我们的祖先变得越来越强壮，使得他们能够击退敌人，发现新领地。画线部分所在句意为“这种态度已经成为我们现代文化的一部分”，由此可知，画线部分指的是冒险。
7．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Daily life is full of risks.
B．The safest place has the greatest risk.
C．People should take risks when they are young.
D．We can always achieve our goals by taking risks.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too...Businessmen take risks when they buy parts of a company; however, without doing that, they could not make more money.”可知，生活中充满了风险。
8．What would be the title for the passage?
A．Taking Risks Is Easier Said than Done
B．Risks Taken by Ancestors
C．Live Our Life to the Fullest
D．No Risk, No Gain
D 解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段提到当我们想要达到某个目标时，冒险对我们是有利的；又根据最后一段第一句“We need to take risks so that we can gain something.”可知，本文的主旨是没有冒险就没有收获。
语法填空
Whales look like fish and swim like fish. But they aren’t fish at all. They are mammals.
Whales can’t stay in the 1.____________ (deep) of the sea all the time as fish do. They have to come up for air from time to time. They breathe through blowholes at the top of their heads. When their warm breath hits the much 2.____________ (cold) air outside, it makes a cloud of mist 3.____________(call) a “spout(水柱)”. You can spot a whale by its spout.
Fish can’t make sounds but whales can. They make sounds 4.____________ (communicate) with each other.
5．____________ biggest whale of all is the blue whale. It is 6.____________ (absolute) huge.It can be 110 feet long and weigh more than 150 tons. That’s more than ten buses put together!
Finding food is a simple matter for blue whales. They just swim along 7.____________ their huge mouths open, and thousands of tiny sea creatures flow in. But blue whales have no teeth. Instead, they have strings of hardened skin like our fingernails, 8.____________ hang from the roof of the mouth. This hardened skin 9.____________ (use) as a strainer(过滤器) to let out the water while 10.____________(hold) back the trapped sea creatures.
1．depths 解析：考查名词。the depths of the sea意为“海洋深处”。
2．colder 解析：考查形容词比较级。由语境可知，外面的空气比鲸鱼呼出的气冷，且其前有much修饰，故填colder。
3．called 解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。a cloud of mist后跟后置定语，call与a cloud of mist之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且call所表示的动作已发生，故填called。
4．to communicate 解析：考查不定式作状语的用法。鲸鱼们发出声音的目的是彼此交流，故填to communicate。
5．The 解析：考查定冠词。形容词最高级前面要用定冠词，故填The。
6．absolutely 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰形容词huge，故填副词absolutely。
7．with 解析：考查介词。此处是with复合结构作状语。
8．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明strings of hardened skin，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
9．is used 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。由语境可知，此处用一般现在时，又因skin与use之间是被动关系，故填is used。
10．holding 解析：考查动词-ing形式作状语的用法。while与设空处构成“连词＋分词”结构，因主语This hardened skin与hold back之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填holding。
短文改错
When I was young, I lived in the countryside. At that time, the trees there were very green, that left a deep impression on me and the water there was so much clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it gets dark, the air was cooler than it in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends but ran along the village happily. As the moon rose highly in the sky, the village was lighting. When I looked up, I could see the moon and a few star. They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside were so wonderful.
答案：
When I was young, I lived in the countryside. At that time, the trees there were very green, left a deep impression on me and the water there was so clear that I even could see the fish swimming. When it dark, the air was cooler than in the daytime. People liked to walk out their houses to chat together. I liked to play games with my friends ran along the village happily. As the moon rose in the sky, the village was . When I looked up, I could see the moon and a few . They were so close to me. It seemed that I could touch them. The life in the countryside so wonderful.
Section Ⅴ Grammar & Writing
将来完成时和将来进行时&代词
单句语法填空
1．We will__have__finished(finish) most of the work by the end of next month.
2．Tomorrow morning grandma will__be__sitting(sit) in the kitchen with us.
3．By the time he gets to school , the lecture will__have__been__(be) on for 30 minutes.
4．It is said that the weather is better in Guangzhou than__that in the west.
5．When they set off for the party, their mother asked them to behave__themselves(they)．
一、将来完成时和将来进行时
(一)将来完成时
1．构成：该时态由“shall/will＋have＋过去分词”构成。
2．用法：将来完成时表示在未来的某个日期或某个动作发生之前将要完成的动作，也可以用来表示一种假设。
形式
用法
例句
系表型
will/shall＋have been＋表语
表示某事继续到将来某一时间为止一直存在的状态
The old couple will have been married for 40 years by the end of the month.
到这个月末这对老夫妇结婚就有四十年了。
动词型
will/shall＋have＋过去分词
表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作
By the end of this month，we shall have completed the project.
我们将在本月底前完成这项工程。
被动结构
will＋have been＋过去分词
表示到将来某一时刻已经被完成的动作
The bridge will have been finished by the end of 2019.
到2019年末这座桥就被修完了。
by the time/by the end接将来时间，主句就用将来完成时；若接过去时间，主句就用过去完成时。在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则用现在完成时表示。
The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.
孩子们放学后回到家就开始做作业。
(二)将来进行时
1．构成：将来进行时由“shall/will＋be＋现在分词”构成。
2．用法：表示要在将来某个时间开始，并继续下去的动作，也可表示在将来某段时间正在进行的动作。
I’ll be doing my homework at 9 o’clock tonight.
今晚9点钟我会在做作业。
You needn’t cook supper，Mum.I shall be cooking dinner tonight. 妈妈，你不用做晚饭了。今晚的饭我来做。
How long will he be staying in his hometown?
他将在他的故乡待多久？二、代词
在句中代替名词或相当于名词的词、词组、短语或句子的词称为代词。根据指代对象的不同，代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。在句中代词可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等句子成分。
(一)人称代词
1．人称代词的主格通常作主语，宾格作宾语；作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，口语中尤其如此。
He has finished his homework.
他已经完成了作业。
2．作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，通常用宾格。
—I like English. ——我喜欢英语。
—Me，too. ——我也喜欢。
3．在than，as后用主格、宾格都可以。
I’m taller than 我比她高。
4．强调句中人称代词的使用应该视其具体所作的成分而定。
It is he who helped me out of trouble.
是他帮助我脱离困境的。
(二)不定代词
1．both，all，either，any，neither，none的用法
意义
范围
都
任何
都不
两者
both
either
neither
三者或三者以上
all
any
none
Both of us are from the countryside.
我们两个都来自农村。
All of us were excited at the news.
听到这则消息我们大家都兴奋了。
You can take either of the books as you like.
你可以随意从这两本书中拿一本。
—Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
——周一和周二你哪天能来？
—I’m afraid neither day is possible.
——恐怕(这两天)哪天都不行。
2．none，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法
单词
意义
指代
范围
特/
泛指
回答问
句类型
谓语
单复
数
能否
与of
连用
none
一个
(点)也
没有
人或物
特指
how many/
much引导
的疑问句
单/
复数
能
nothing
什么也
没有
物
泛指
what引
导的疑
问句
单数
不能
nobody/
no one
一个人
也没有
人
泛指
who引
导的疑
问句
单数
不能
—How much money do you have？ ——你有多少钱？
—None. ——一点也没有。
—What are you doing？ ——你在做什么？
—Nothing. ——什么也没做。
3．every，either，any的用法
单词
意义
应用
与not连用
every
侧重三个或三个以上的“每一个”，侧重全体，强调“无一例外”
修饰名词
(单数)
not every或every...not
表部分否定
either
代指两个人或事物中的任意一个，表选择
单独应用，修饰名词(单数)，后接of短语
not either＝
neither
表全部否定
any
代指三个或三个以上的“任何，任何一个”，表选择
单独应用，修饰名词(单数)，后接of短语
not any＝
no/none
表全部否定
Every man is not honest.＝Not every man is honest.
并非每个人都诚实。
(三)所有格代词
所有格代词(物主代词)是用来表示所有关系的。分为形容词性和名词性两类。
类别
人称
数
形容词性
物主代词
名词性物主代词
单
数
第一人称
my
mine
第二人称
your
yours
第三人称
his
his
her
hers
its
its
复
数
第一人称
our
ours
第二人称
your
yours
第三人称
their
theirs
(四)指示代词
指示代词有this，these，that，those，such，the same(同样的)，so等，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
1．指示代词this和that的区别：
(1)this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
这是我的课桌，那是你的。
(2)this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
我想告诉你这件事：英语晚会要在星期六下午举行。
He hurt his leg yesterday.That’s why he didn’t come.
昨天他的腿受伤了。那就是他没有来的原因。
2．打电话时通常用this表示自己，that表示对方。
3．that与those可代替前面所提过的名词，以避免重复，不可数名词和单数可数名词用that，复数可数名词用those代替，这种情况一般不用this和these。
The climate of Shandong is much better than that of Fujian.
山东的天气比福建好多了。
4．one，ones，that，those的用法区别：
(1)one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an＋单数名词。
(2)ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，也是泛指概念。
(3)that用来替代前面出现的同名同物的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数单数概念，也可以是不可数，为特指概念。
(4)those用来替代复数名词，是特指概念，相当于the＋复数名词，但多用于两者间的另一方。
(五)反身代词
表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加-self或-selves构成，第三人称的反身代词由人称代词的宾格加-self或-selves构成。
人称
数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself/herself/itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
(六)关系代词
关系代词指的是引导定语从句的that，which，who，whom，whose，as等。例如：
The radio that he bought yesterday is not expensive.
他昨天买的收音机不贵。
He is the man who lives next door to ours.
他就是住在我们隔壁的人。
单句语法填空
1． The meeting will be held in September, but ____________ knows the date for sure.
答案：nobody
2. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ____________ contained any useful suggestions.
答案：neither
3． Niki is always full of ideas, but ____________ is useful to my knowledge.
答案：none
4． The quality of education in this small school is better than ____________ in some larger schools.
答案：that
5． To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ____________．
答案：other
6．We ____________(learn) 12 Units by the end of this term.
答案：will have learned
7．—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
—Sure.I ____________(write) at home.
答案：will be writing
8．I am sure he ____________(leave) Paris by this time tomorrow.
答案：will have left
9．The president ____________(meet) the foreign delegation at the airport then.
答案：will be meeting
10．By the end of next year some of you ____________(enter) the college.
答案：will have entered
单句改错
1．When we get home tomorrow, my mother have finished cooking.____________________
答案：have前加will
2．The students will watching TV at seven this evening.____________________
答案：will后加be
3．I have decided to stay here for other two days to deal with something.____________________
答案：other→another
4．The weather here is much better than it in Guangzhou.____________________
答案：it→that
5．There are some tall trees on either sides of the street.____________________
答案：sides→side
语法与写作
1．这个男孩匆忙到教室去拿他忘记了的书。
The boy hurried to the classroom to get the book__________________________．
答案：that he had forgotten
2．今天天气很好。有些人在公园里散步，其他人在跳舞。
It is sunny today. Some people are walking in the park, __________________．
答案：and others are dancing
3．明天下午三点，我会在开会。
I ______________________ at three o’clock tomorrow afternoon.
答案：will be having a meeting
4．当他到家时，他的儿子将已经结婚了。
When he gets home , his son____________________．
答案：will have got married
5．在你明天来之前，我将完成全部作业。
I ________________all the work before you come tomorrow.
答案：will have finished
如何写主题介绍类作文
文体感知
主题介绍类书面表达属于说明文的写作范畴， 写作过程中应该注意以下几点：
1．抓住中心，分清主次。首先要仔细阅读文字提示或观察图表，确定文章的中心内容。再根据内容把文章分成几个段落，每段都要拟定一个主题句。然后确定中心人称和主体时态。
2．列全要点，扩编句子。以拟定的主题句为中心，选择恰当的词和句型组织材料，编写句子，形成段落。
3．布局谋篇，连段成文。按照一定的逻辑顺序，用适当的过渡词把已经写好的段落串连成一篇完整的文章。
常用句式
1．Since...，people have always enjoyed...
自……以来，人们就很喜欢……
2．The history of...goes back...
……的历史要追溯到……
3．Recent developments in the field include...
这个领域的最新发展包括……
4．In my opinion，there will be a return to...
在我看来，将会回到……
5．Many experts predict that...
许多专家预言……
6．In conclusion/In a word/In all/In brief，...
总之，……
写作要求
随着科技的发展，机器人的作用日益重要。假如你们学校正在征集关于机器人构想方面的作文，你想象中的机器人主要是能够用来帮助幼儿和老年人的，因为他们需要更多的帮助，用英语写一篇100词左右的文章阐明自己的观点。
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
说明文
话题
介绍机器人
时态
一般现在时为主
人称
第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①接收；接管 ________________
②例外 ________________
③陈列；展现 ________________
④做某事有困难 ________________
⑤从……中获益 ________________
答案：①take over ②exception ③display ④have difficulty in doing sth. ⑤benefit from
2．句式
①我相信机器人在未来将起重要作用。机器人将接管很多困难的工作，使人们的生活更轻松。
一般表达：I believe the robots will play a very important role in the future.The robots will take over many difficult jobs and make people’s life easier.
高级表达：(用现在分词改写句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②人们希望机器人将在照看老人和儿童方面展示它们的技能。老人和儿童比其他人更需要帮助。
一般表达：It is hoped that the robots will display their skills in looking after the younger and the elder people.The younger and the elder people need other’s help more than any other group.
高级表达：(用who改为定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①I believe the robots will play a very important role in the future，taking over many difficult jobs and making people’s life easier.
②It is hoped that the robots will display their skills in looking after the younger and the elder people，who need other’s help more than any other group.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Nowadays the science of robot has developed rapidly.I believe the robots will play a very important role in the future, taking over many difficult jobs and making people’s life easier.People have their own different ideas about robots.
In my opinion, it is hoped that the robots will display their skills in looking after the younger and the elder people, who need other’s help more than any other group.For example, the robots are expected to be able to teach the younger children the basic knowledge.Besides that, the elder people who have difficulty in moving and communicating can also benefit from the robots.
In a word, the science of robot will help us more.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．Hopefully after four years at university I ____________(mature)．
答案：will have matured
2．When we get there，she ____________(go) to work.
答案：will have gone
3．I expect you ____________(change) your mind by tomorrow.
答案：will have changed
4．We ____________(marry) for a year on Sunday of next week.
答案：will have been married
5．He ____________(finish) writing his novel by the end of next year.
答案：will have finished
6．They enjoyed ____________(them) in the party.
答案：themselves
7．This novel is more interesting than ____________ you read a few days ago.
答案：that
8．These new books are not ____________(our)，but theirs.
答案：ours
9．There are two pens on the desk.One is red；____________ is blue.
答案：the other
10．Some students are from China; ____________ are from America.
答案：the others
阅读理解
A
Researchers have created a backpack that has a computer and medicines in it that can help even untrained soldiers save the lives of wounded troops. Wounded soldiers have a better chance of survival if they get help soon after being hurt and are quickly taken to a hospital or clinic. But soldiers who do not have medical training may not know how to help their injured friends.
Doctors and engineers have developed what they call an “intelligent backpack”. It has a computer and electronic measuring devices. The backpack also has robotic instruments and medicines ready to be given to injured troops.
About 16 doctors and engineers from the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University and several other places are working on the project. The U．S. Department of Defense has given money to the project.
Ron Poropatich leads the project. He is a retired Army surgeon. He says the backpack will help soldiers care for those who are injured. The devices included in the backpack can monitor a person’s heart rate and blood pressure. The robotic instruments can even tell whether the soldier has a collapsed lung.
The intelligent backpack’s computer can compare information gathered about the injured soldier with thousands of similar cases, and quickly tell the best methods to save the soldier’s life.
Sometimes, it is not always possible to quickly remove the injured soldier from the battlefield. So, Dr. Poropatich says, the researchers hope to create a backpack that will have devices that can keep a soldier alive for a long time. Dr. Poropatich hopes the backpack and its instruments will be ready for testing on animals in about three years.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究者发明的一种“智能背包”，内有电脑、药物等，可以及时救助伤员。
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Soldiers should have taken medical training.
B．Most of the soldiers can’t use the backpack correctly.
C．The backpack can play a big part in the battlefield.
D．Wars or battles have brought harm to the world.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Wounded soldiers have a better chance of survival if they get help soon after being hurt and are quickly taken to a hospital or clinic.”可以推测出，这种“智能背包”能够在战场上发挥重要作用。
2．How many kinds of items are mentioned in the backpack?
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．5.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It has a computer and electronic measuring devices. The backpack also has robotic instruments and medicines ready to be given to injured troops.”可知，“智能背包”里的物品有四种，故选C。
3．What can we know according to Ron Poropatich?
A．The project got support from the whole world.
B．The robotic instruments can monitor lungs.
C．The injured’s heart disease can be cured.
D．The devices can adjust soldiers’ blood pressure.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The robotic instruments can even tell whether the soldier has a collapsed lung.”可知，这种装置可以指出士兵的肺是否萎陷，即这种装置可以监测肺的情况。故选B项。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Researchers and Their Wonderful Discovery
B．Medical Care Tested on the Wounded Soldiers
C．Robotic Devices Used in the Battlefield
D．Emergency Medical Care in a Backpack
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以及时向伤员提供紧急医疗救助的“智能背包”，故选D。
B
The most common problem that worries all of us today is the fear of insecurity.Life has become so competitive that every now and then we are struck by the fear of the unknown.With every new turn of events our self-confidence takes a blow.The biggest challenge before every person today is not to lose confidence in one’s ability.
There are several reasons that affect a person’s self-confidence.The most important reason is lack of success.Not being able to succeed affects one’s self-confidence greatly.This is when one begins to doubt his own ability.In many cases one’s self-confidence is low when he feels rejected by society.For example, a person who loses his job gives__a__wide__berth__to other people for fear of being questioned about his work.However, this isn’t right at all.One needs to think along positive lines in spite of failures.After all it is your life and you have every right to live your life as you wish.
The challenge lies in not allowing your self-confidence to decrease.It is very important to believe in yourself.Self-belief is the secret to success.When success doesn’t come to you, you should not allow your self-belief to be affected.Always keep in mind that success is sure to come in time.So, there is nothing wrong with your ability.Whenever lack of success causes you to doubt your ability, don’t forget to remind yourself that quick success does not last long.Also remember not to compare yourself to others.These tips will do a world of good to your confidence.
In order to be self-confident, you need to have a lifestyle that is right for you.Create one and live a life as you want to.Leave others to themselves.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了在这个竞争激烈的社会中， 不要对自己的能力失去信心是非常重要的。
5．According to the text, what causes people to fear the unknown?
A．The low abilities.
B．The lack of security.
C．The loss of self-confidence.
D．The severe competition in life.
D 解析：细节理解题。 根据文中第一段的Life has become so competitive that every now and then we are struck by the fear of the unknown.可知， 人们害怕未知的事物是因为社会的竞争非常激烈， 故选D项。
6．What does the underlined phrase “gives a wide berth to” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Introduces something to.
B．Holds a birthday party for.
C．Makes friends with.
D．Keeps away from.
D 解析：词义猜测题。 根据上文的In many cases one’s self-confidence is low when he feels rejected by society.可知， 此处句子a person who loses his job gives__a__wide__berth__to other people for fear of being questioned about his work的意思是： 一个失去工作的人因为害怕别人问及他工作而会远离别人。 故选D项。
7．What is the fun_ction of the first paragraph?
A．To explain the meaning of self-confidence.
B．To explain why self-confidence is important.
C．To show the main topic—to be self-confident.
D．To show the reasons that affect one’s self-confidence.
C 解析：推理判断题。 根据本段的最后一句话The biggest challenge before every person today is not to lose confidence in one’s ability.是本段的主题句， 所以本段的作用是为了引出主题。
8．In the author’s opinion, it’s important that one ________．
A．should not forget his failures
B．should follow others’ advice
C．should not lose heart
D．should believe life
C 解析：推理判断题。 根据最后两段的内容可知， 在作者看来， 最重要的是不要失去信心。 故选C项。
语法填空
Many people may think the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum, is 1.____________ outstanding and old－fashioned museum. But, in recent years, the museum has been working hard 2.____________(promote) Chinese cultural heritage among young people.
The museum’s online store now offers special cultural and 3.____________(create) products. For example, in 2014, it started to make T－shirts that look like an emperor’s coat. It also 4.____________(sell) earphones that look like the necklaces worn by ancient officials, which brought 5.____________ about 1 billion yuan in sales in 2016, reported China Youth Daily.
Last year, a documentary(纪录片) 6.____________(title) Masters in Forbidden City became popular online. The documentary is about the people 7.____________ job is to repair the relics in the museum. Many of these workers are young, and some are even in their 8.____________(twenty)．
Some other 9.____________(museum) across the country, such as the National Museum of China, 10.____________(inspire) by the Palace Museum’s efforts and are working on similar projects of their own.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了故宫博物院向年轻人宣传中国文化遗产，其他一些博物馆也纷纷效仿的故事。
1．an 解析：考查冠词。根据文意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词；又因为空后单词“outstanding”的发音以元音音素开头，故用冠词an。
2．to promote 解析：考查非谓语动词。近年来，故宫博物院一直为了向年轻人宣传中国文化遗产在努力。此处动词不定式用作目的状语。
3．creative 解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰空后的名词。
4．sold 解析：考查动词时态。本句承接上文，讲述2014年发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
5．in 解析：考查介词。bring in意为“赚得，挣”。故宫博物院也售卖看起来像古代官员佩戴的颈饰一样的耳机，据中国青年报报道，这在2016年挣了大约十亿元人民币。
6．titled 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处动词过去分词用作名词的后置定语，意为“名为……的”。
7．whose 解析：考查定语从句。空处用作定语，修饰后面的名词job，表示所属关系，并引导定语从句。故填whose。
8．twenties 解析：考查固定搭配。in one’s twenties为固定用法，意为“在某人二十多岁的时候”。
9．museums 解析：考查名词复数。由空前的“Some other”可知，此处应用可数名词museum的复数形式。下文的“are working on similar projects”也提示此处用名词复数。
10．are inspired 解析：考查被动语态。空处作谓语动词，根据句意和空后的“by”可知，此处应用被动语态；下文的“are working on similar projects”提示此处应用一般现在时和复数形式，故填are inspired。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Petrol and diesel cars may still dominate our roads，but their days are numbered.A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 per cent of daily car journeys in the U．S.That figure could rise to 98 per cent by 2020.
One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety”—drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey.While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems，the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed.That said，charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the U．S.A.
Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years.Not that long ago，electric cars were met with distrust，and their large price tags drove customers away.Thanks to improvements in battery capacity，recharging times，performance and price，the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics.Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine models a run for their money.
As well as advancements on the road，electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies.Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel，having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over.Now，the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back.Steps towards electric air travel are also being made，with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery powered planes.The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.
Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions.Were the U．S. to act on the study’s findings and replace 87 per cent of its cars with electric vehicles，it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent.However，because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles，they cannot claim to be completely emission free.That said，as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources，electric vehicles will become even cleaner.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了汽油和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。
1．Which is the best title for this passage?
A．My Dream Car
B．History of Electric Cars
C．Problems with Petrol Cars
D．Driving into the Future
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了汽油和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。D项“驶向未来”形象地概括了文章的主旨，故选D项。
2．As used in Paragraph 2，the underlined word “hurdle” means________．
A．aim B．barrier
C．consequence D．step
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey”可知，司机担心在路上没电的问题。因此，这是电动汽车普及的一个障碍，故选B项。
3．In the past，why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars?
A．They were not good value.
B．They were very poorly made.
C．They were not widely promoted.
D．They couldn’t travel at a high speed.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Not that long ago，electric cars were met with distrust，and their large price tags drove customers away.”可知，人们是被当时这种电动汽车的价格吓跑的；根据该段中的“Thanks to improvements in battery capacity，recharging times，performance and price，the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics.”可知，随着电池容量、可充电次数的增加、汽车性能的改善和价格的优化，这一代电动汽车已经开始吸引消费者购买了。这说明以前的电动汽车在各方面还不够完善，人们认为不值那个价钱。故选A项。
4．What is the fun_ction of Paragraph 4?
A．To introduce the history of electric travel.
B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars.
C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars.
D．To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies”可知，除了在公路上，其他地方也可以使用电动交通工具。故选D项。
B
It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rain forest.Without it we would not have grown into primates(灵长目动物)．Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat.Without competition，Columbus wouldn’t have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.
The friendship，like all relationships between two people，involves competition.It isn’t competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prizes.Perhaps the ecological definition—the simultaneous(同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources，such as nutrients，living space，or light—better explains it.
As in nature，high school life is governed by a set of laws，similar to a shortened version of Darwin’s theory of evolution，overpopulation，and competition.There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them，ranking and categorizing(分类) take place.In high school，friendship coexists with competition even though at times the relationship is rough.In fact，in some circumstances，competition is too much of a burden for friendship to bear，causing it to fall apart.College admission is the final high school objective.Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades，and a student’s fate is determined not only by these achievements，but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve similar recognition.
Nevertheless，by necessity，competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork.Healthy，friendly competition can have only benefits，but when it becomes too fierce，jealousy(妒忌)can tear friendship apart.Yet，despite all this，without competition，we would be lost.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了友谊和竞争之间的关系，健康的竞争促进友谊，而恶性的竞争则破坏友谊。
5．What does the ecological definition mainly explain?
A．How friends compete with each other.
B．How to win the competition.
C．What the result of competition is.
D．What competition exactly is.
D 解析：细节理解题。分析第二段最后一句可知，该句的主干是Perhaps the ecological definition better explains it，其中“it”指代的是前一句中的“competition”。两个破折号之间的内容解释“the ecological definition”。句意：两个或更多的生物体同时对有限的生态环境资源有需求，如营养物质、生存空间、光——这一生态学定义更好地解释了竞争(的含义)。故选D项。
6．According to the author，what causes the high school students to compete?
A．The number of them is too large.
B．Friendship is a burden for them.
C．They know the laws of nature well.
D．They are divided into different groups.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，高中生活与自然界一样有一系列的规则，这与达尔文关于进化、人口过多和竞争的理论相似。也正是因为学生人数众多，为了区分，所以对学生进行了排名、分类。再加上考大学这一高中生活的最终目标的压力，高中生之间的竞争就不可避免地产生了。故选A项。
7．Which best describes the relationship of friendship and competition?
A．Friendship is always based on competition.
B．The degree of competition is vital to friendship.
C．Competition is terribly harmful to friendship.
D．Competition is a result of lost friendship.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Healthy，friendly competition can have only benefits，but when it becomes too fierce，jealousy(妒忌) can tear friendship apart.”可知，健康的、友好的竞争对友谊有好处，而过于激烈的、存在妒忌的竞争会使友谊破裂。因此竞争的度对友谊是至关重要的。故选B项。
8．What does the author think of “competition”？
A．The results of competition are out of control.
B．Competition becomes fiercer in high school.
C．Competition is certain to happen in high school.
D．Friendship is not as important as competition in high schools.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Nevertheless，by necessity，competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.”可知，作者认为高中生活的各个方面存在竞争是必然的。故选C项。
短文改错
As we all know, we can meet with various challenges in our life. Facing with challenges, how should we do?
Last month, our class climbed Mount Tai, which was more than 1，500 meters above sea level. Lacking exercises, I thought that this activity was great challenge for me. I felt very exhausted halfway that I wanted to give up. See this, my classmates and even some strangers encouraged me. In the end, I managed to reach on the top of the mountain.
Therefore，don’t give up in the face of challenges. If you are determined enough, it’s certainly that you can overcome it.
答案：
As we all know, we can meet with various challenges in our life. with/Facing challenges, should we do?
Last month, our class climbed Mount Tai, which more than 1，500 meters above sea level. Lacking ， I thought that this activity was great challenge for me. I felt exhausted halfway that I wanted to give up. this, my classmates and even some strangers encouraged me. In the end, I managed to reach the top of the mountain.
Therefore，don’t give up in the face of challenges. If you are determined enough, it’s that you can overcome .
书面表达
假设你是李华，你的美国笔友 Kate 即将完成学业，不久前给你发邮件就是否到中国工作询问你的意见，请根据以下提示回一封电子邮件：
1．建议她可以来中国；
2．阐述你的理由；
3．承诺可提供帮助。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．文章开头和结尾已给出， 不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Kate,
I’m glad to have received the letter you sent me last week.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Kate，
I’m__glad__to__have__received__the__letter__you__sent__me__last__week.I have been thinking about the question you asked me. From my point of view, you can choose to come to China after finishing your studies.
For one reason, China’s development over the past 30 years offers quantities of job opportunities for the young. What’s more, what you are studying is badly needed in China nowadays. In fact, many big companies in my city are hoping to hire people like you. For another reason, China is a country with such different cultures and traditions from the past that many foreigners enjoy living and working here. Why not come and join them? I’m sure you’ll adapt to the environment quickly. If you come, I will do what I can to help you. So what are you waiting for?
Best__wishes!
Yours，
Li__Hua
课件44张PPT。Unit 20 New Frontierswill have finishedwill be sittingwill have beenthat themselves本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
单句语法填空
1．Hopefully after four years at university I ____________(mature)．
答案：will have matured
2．When we get there，she ____________(go) to work.
答案：will have gone
3．I expect you ____________(change) your mind by tomorrow.
答案：will have changed
4．We ____________(marry) for a year on Sunday of next week.
答案：will have been married
5．He ____________(finish) writing his novel by the end of next year.
答案：will have finished
6．They enjoyed ____________(them) in the party.
答案：themselves
7．This novel is more interesting than ____________ you read a few days ago.
答案：that
8．These new books are not ____________(our)，but theirs.
答案：ours
9．There are two pens on the desk.One is red；____________ is blue.
答案：the other
10．Some students are from China; ____________ are from America.
答案：the others
阅读理解
A
Researchers have created a backpack that has a computer and medicines in it that can help even untrained soldiers save the lives of wounded troops. Wounded soldiers have a better chance of survival if they get help soon after being hurt and are quickly taken to a hospital or clinic. But soldiers who do not have medical training may not know how to help their injured friends.
Doctors and engineers have developed what they call an “intelligent backpack”. It has a computer and electronic measuring devices. The backpack also has robotic instruments and medicines ready to be given to injured troops.
About 16 doctors and engineers from the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University and several other places are working on the project. The U．S. Department of Defense has given money to the project.
Ron Poropatich leads the project. He is a retired Army surgeon. He says the backpack will help soldiers care for those who are injured. The devices included in the backpack can monitor a person’s heart rate and blood pressure. The robotic instruments can even tell whether the soldier has a collapsed lung.
The intelligent backpack’s computer can compare information gathered about the injured soldier with thousands of similar cases, and quickly tell the best methods to save the soldier’s life.
Sometimes, it is not always possible to quickly remove the injured soldier from the battlefield. So, Dr. Poropatich says, the researchers hope to create a backpack that will have devices that can keep a soldier alive for a long time. Dr. Poropatich hopes the backpack and its instruments will be ready for testing on animals in about three years.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究者发明的一种“智能背包”，内有电脑、药物等，可以及时救助伤员。
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Soldiers should have taken medical training.
B．Most of the soldiers can’t use the backpack correctly.
C．The backpack can play a big part in the battlefield.
D．Wars or battles have brought harm to the world.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Wounded soldiers have a better chance of survival if they get help soon after being hurt and are quickly taken to a hospital or clinic.”可以推测出，这种“智能背包”能够在战场上发挥重要作用。
2．How many kinds of items are mentioned in the backpack?
A．2. B．3.
C．4. D．5.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It has a computer and electronic measuring devices. The backpack also has robotic instruments and medicines ready to be given to injured troops.”可知，“智能背包”里的物品有四种，故选C。
3．What can we know according to Ron Poropatich?
A．The project got support from the whole world.
B．The robotic instruments can monitor lungs.
C．The injured’s heart disease can be cured.
D．The devices can adjust soldiers’ blood pressure.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The robotic instruments can even tell whether the soldier has a collapsed lung.”可知，这种装置可以指出士兵的肺是否萎陷，即这种装置可以监测肺的情况。故选B项。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Researchers and Their Wonderful Discovery
B．Medical Care Tested on the Wounded Soldiers
C．Robotic Devices Used in the Battlefield
D．Emergency Medical Care in a Backpack
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以及时向伤员提供紧急医疗救助的“智能背包”，故选D。
B
The most common problem that worries all of us today is the fear of insecurity.Life has become so competitive that every now and then we are struck by the fear of the unknown.With every new turn of events our self-confidence takes a blow.The biggest challenge before every person today is not to lose confidence in one’s ability.
There are several reasons that affect a person’s self-confidence.The most important reason is lack of success.Not being able to succeed affects one’s self-confidence greatly.This is when one begins to doubt his own ability.In many cases one’s self-confidence is low when he feels rejected by society.For example, a person who loses his job gives__a__wide__berth__to other people for fear of being questioned about his work.However, this isn’t right at all.One needs to think along positive lines in spite of failures.After all it is your life and you have every right to live your life as you wish.
The challenge lies in not allowing your self-confidence to decrease.It is very important to believe in yourself.Self-belief is the secret to success.When success doesn’t come to you, you should not allow your self-belief to be affected.Always keep in mind that success is sure to come in time.So, there is nothing wrong with your ability.Whenever lack of success causes you to doubt your ability, don’t forget to remind yourself that quick success does not last long.Also remember not to compare yourself to others.These tips will do a world of good to your confidence.
In order to be self-confident, you need to have a lifestyle that is right for you.Create one and live a life as you want to.Leave others to themselves.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了在这个竞争激烈的社会中， 不要对自己的能力失去信心是非常重要的。
5．According to the text, what causes people to fear the unknown?
A．The low abilities.
B．The lack of security.
C．The loss of self-confidence.
D．The severe competition in life.
D 解析：细节理解题。 根据文中第一段的Life has become so competitive that every now and then we are struck by the fear of the unknown.可知， 人们害怕未知的事物是因为社会的竞争非常激烈， 故选D项。
6．What does the underlined phrase “gives a wide berth to” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Introduces something to.
B．Holds a birthday party for.
C．Makes friends with.
D．Keeps away from.
D 解析：词义猜测题。 根据上文的In many cases one’s self-confidence is low when he feels rejected by society.可知， 此处句子a person who loses his job gives__a__wide__berth__to other people for fear of being questioned about his work的意思是： 一个失去工作的人因为害怕别人问及他工作而会远离别人。 故选D项。
7．What is the fun_ction of the first paragraph?
A．To explain the meaning of self-confidence.
B．To explain why self-confidence is important.
C．To show the main topic—to be self-confident.
D．To show the reasons that affect one’s self-confidence.
C 解析：推理判断题。 根据本段的最后一句话The biggest challenge before every person today is not to lose confidence in one’s ability.是本段的主题句， 所以本段的作用是为了引出主题。
8．In the author’s opinion, it’s important that one ________．
A．should not forget his failures
B．should follow others’ advice
C．should not lose heart
D．should believe life
C 解析：推理判断题。 根据最后两段的内容可知， 在作者看来， 最重要的是不要失去信心。 故选C项。
语法填空
Many people may think the Forbidden City, or the Palace Museum, is 1.____________ outstanding and old－fashioned museum. But, in recent years, the museum has been working hard 2.____________(promote) Chinese cultural heritage among young people.
The museum’s online store now offers special cultural and 3.____________(create) products. For example, in 2014, it started to make T－shirts that look like an emperor’s coat. It also 4.____________(sell) earphones that look like the necklaces worn by ancient officials, which brought 5.____________ about 1 billion yuan in sales in 2016, reported China Youth Daily.
Last year, a documentary(纪录片) 6.____________(title) Masters in Forbidden City became popular online. The documentary is about the people 7.____________ job is to repair the relics in the museum. Many of these workers are young, and some are even in their 8.____________(twenty)．
Some other 9.____________(museum) across the country, such as the National Museum of China, 10.____________(inspire) by the Palace Museum’s efforts and are working on similar projects of their own.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了故宫博物院向年轻人宣传中国文化遗产，其他一些博物馆也纷纷效仿的故事。
1．an 解析：考查冠词。根据文意可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词；又因为空后单词“outstanding”的发音以元音音素开头，故用冠词an。
2．to promote 解析：考查非谓语动词。近年来，故宫博物院一直为了向年轻人宣传中国文化遗产在努力。此处动词不定式用作目的状语。
3．creative 解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词修饰空后的名词。
4．sold 解析：考查动词时态。本句承接上文，讲述2014年发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
5．in 解析：考查介词。bring in意为“赚得，挣”。故宫博物院也售卖看起来像古代官员佩戴的颈饰一样的耳机，据中国青年报报道，这在2016年挣了大约十亿元人民币。
6．titled 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处动词过去分词用作名词的后置定语，意为“名为……的”。
7．whose 解析：考查定语从句。空处用作定语，修饰后面的名词job，表示所属关系，并引导定语从句。故填whose。
8．twenties 解析：考查固定搭配。in one’s twenties为固定用法，意为“在某人二十多岁的时候”。
9．museums 解析：考查名词复数。由空前的“Some other”可知，此处应用可数名词museum的复数形式。下文的“are working on similar projects”也提示此处用名词复数。
10．are inspired 解析：考查被动语态。空处作谓语动词，根据句意和空后的“by”可知，此处应用被动语态；下文的“are working on similar projects”提示此处应用一般现在时和复数形式，故填are inspired。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Petrol and diesel cars may still dominate our roads，but their days are numbered.A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 per cent of daily car journeys in the U．S.That figure could rise to 98 per cent by 2020.
One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been “range anxiety”—drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey.While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems，the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed.That said，charging points are becoming increasingly common throughout the U．S.A.
Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years.Not that long ago，electric cars were met with distrust，and their large price tags drove customers away.Thanks to improvements in battery capacity，recharging times，performance and price，the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics.Plug-in cars will soon give internal combustion engine models a run for their money.
As well as advancements on the road，electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies.Electric boats are among the oldest methods of electric travel，having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over.Now，the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back.Steps towards electric air travel are also being made，with Airbus and NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery powered planes.The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.
Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions.Were the U．S. to act on the study’s findings and replace 87 per cent of its cars with electric vehicles，it would reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent.However，because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles，they cannot claim to be completely emission free.That said，as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy sources，electric vehicles will become even cleaner.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了汽油和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。
1．Which is the best title for this passage?
A．My Dream Car
B．History of Electric Cars
C．Problems with Petrol Cars
D．Driving into the Future
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了汽油和柴油车将逐步被电动汽车代替以及电动交通工具在未来的发展。D项“驶向未来”形象地概括了文章的主旨，故选D项。
2．As used in Paragraph 2，the underlined word “hurdle” means________．
A．aim B．barrier
C．consequence D．step
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“drivers’ concerns about running out of juice on a journey”可知，司机担心在路上没电的问题。因此，这是电动汽车普及的一个障碍，故选B项。
3．In the past，why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars?
A．They were not good value.
B．They were very poorly made.
C．They were not widely promoted.
D．They couldn’t travel at a high speed.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Not that long ago，electric cars were met with distrust，and their large price tags drove customers away.”可知，人们是被当时这种电动汽车的价格吓跑的；根据该段中的“Thanks to improvements in battery capacity，recharging times，performance and price，the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics.”可知，随着电池容量、可充电次数的增加、汽车性能的改善和价格的优化，这一代电动汽车已经开始吸引消费者购买了。这说明以前的电动汽车在各方面还不够完善，人们认为不值那个价钱。故选A项。
4．What is the fun_ction of Paragraph 4?
A．To introduce the history of electric travel.
B．To explain why the world needs more electric cars.
C．To show why more people have interest in electric cars.
D．To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段中的“electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies”可知，除了在公路上，其他地方也可以使用电动交通工具。故选D项。
B
It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rain forest.Without it we would not have grown into primates(灵长目动物)．Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat.Without competition，Columbus wouldn’t have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.
The friendship，like all relationships between two people，involves competition.It isn’t competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prizes.Perhaps the ecological definition—the simultaneous(同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources，such as nutrients，living space，or light—better explains it.
As in nature，high school life is governed by a set of laws，similar to a shortened version of Darwin’s theory of evolution，overpopulation，and competition.There is an abundance of high school students and to distinguish them，ranking and categorizing(分类) take place.In high school，friendship coexists with competition even though at times the relationship is rough.In fact，in some circumstances，competition is too much of a burden for friendship to bear，causing it to fall apart.College admission is the final high school objective.Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades，and a student’s fate is determined not only by these achievements，but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve similar recognition.
Nevertheless，by necessity，competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork.Healthy，friendly competition can have only benefits，but when it becomes too fierce，jealousy(妒忌)can tear friendship apart.Yet，despite all this，without competition，we would be lost.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了友谊和竞争之间的关系，健康的竞争促进友谊，而恶性的竞争则破坏友谊。
5．What does the ecological definition mainly explain?
A．How friends compete with each other.
B．How to win the competition.
C．What the result of competition is.
D．What competition exactly is.
D 解析：细节理解题。分析第二段最后一句可知，该句的主干是Perhaps the ecological definition better explains it，其中“it”指代的是前一句中的“competition”。两个破折号之间的内容解释“the ecological definition”。句意：两个或更多的生物体同时对有限的生态环境资源有需求，如营养物质、生存空间、光——这一生态学定义更好地解释了竞争(的含义)。故选D项。
6．According to the author，what causes the high school students to compete?
A．The number of them is too large.
B．Friendship is a burden for them.
C．They know the laws of nature well.
D．They are divided into different groups.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，高中生活与自然界一样有一系列的规则，这与达尔文关于进化、人口过多和竞争的理论相似。也正是因为学生人数众多，为了区分，所以对学生进行了排名、分类。再加上考大学这一高中生活的最终目标的压力，高中生之间的竞争就不可避免地产生了。故选A项。
7．Which best describes the relationship of friendship and competition?
A．Friendship is always based on competition.
B．The degree of competition is vital to friendship.
C．Competition is terribly harmful to friendship.
D．Competition is a result of lost friendship.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Healthy，friendly competition can have only benefits，but when it becomes too fierce，jealousy(妒忌) can tear friendship apart.”可知，健康的、友好的竞争对友谊有好处，而过于激烈的、存在妒忌的竞争会使友谊破裂。因此竞争的度对友谊是至关重要的。故选B项。
8．What does the author think of “competition”？
A．The results of competition are out of control.
B．Competition becomes fiercer in high school.
C．Competition is certain to happen in high school.
D．Friendship is not as important as competition in high schools.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Nevertheless，by necessity，competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life.”可知，作者认为高中生活的各个方面存在竞争是必然的。故选C项。
短文改错
As we all know, we can meet with various challenges in our life. Facing with challenges, how should we do?
Last month, our class climbed Mount Tai, which was more than 1，500 meters above sea level. Lacking exercises, I thought that this activity was great challenge for me. I felt very exhausted halfway that I wanted to give up. See this, my classmates and even some strangers encouraged me. In the end, I managed to reach on the top of the mountain.
Therefore，don’t give up in the face of challenges. If you are determined enough, it’s certainly that you can overcome it.
答案：
As we all know, we can meet with various challenges in our life. with/Facing challenges, should we do?
Last month, our class climbed Mount Tai, which more than 1，500 meters above sea level. Lacking ， I thought that this activity was great challenge for me. I felt exhausted halfway that I wanted to give up. this, my classmates and even some strangers encouraged me. In the end, I managed to reach the top of the mountain.
Therefore，don’t give up in the face of challenges. If you are determined enough, it’s that you can overcome .
书面表达
假设你是李华，你的美国笔友 Kate 即将完成学业，不久前给你发邮件就是否到中国工作询问你的意见，请根据以下提示回一封电子邮件：
1．建议她可以来中国；
2．阐述你的理由；
3．承诺可提供帮助。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．文章开头和结尾已给出， 不计入总词数；
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Kate,
I’m glad to have received the letter you sent me last week.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Kate，
I’m__glad__to__have__received__the__letter__you__sent__me__last__week.I have been thinking about the question you asked me. From my point of view, you can choose to come to China after finishing your studies.
For one reason, China’s development over the past 30 years offers quantities of job opportunities for the young. What’s more, what you are studying is badly needed in China nowadays. In fact, many big companies in my city are hoping to hire people like you. For another reason, China is a country with such different cultures and traditions from the past that many foreigners enjoy living and working here. Why not come and join them? I’m sure you’ll adapt to the environment quickly. If you come, I will do what I can to help you. So what are you waiting for?
Best__wishes!
Yours，
Li__Hua
starvation n． 饥饿；饿死
(1)starve vt.& vi. (使)饿死；饿得要死
starve to death 饿死
starve for sth. 渴望获得某物；缺乏
某物
starve sb.into doing sth. 用饥饿迫使某人做某事
(2)starved adj. 缺乏的；挨饿的
conflict n. 争执； 冲突；矛盾
vi. 发生冲突
(1)come into conflict with... 与……发生争执
be in conflict with...over...
与……在……方面有争执
(2)conflict with... 与……有冲突
equality n. 平等
(1)equal adj. 平等的；相等的；能胜
任的
v. 等于；比得上
be equal to ……和……相等；能胜
任……
be equal in... 在……比得上
(2)equally adv. 平等地；公平地
assist vt. 帮助；协助
(1)assist sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb.in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb.to__do sth. 帮助某人做某事
(2)assistance n. 援助， 帮助
come to one’s assistance 帮助某人
correspond vi. 通信；相当；相称；相等；一
致；符合
correspond with sb. 和某人通信
correspond to/with sth. 与某事物相一致
correspond to sth. 与……相当/相称/相等
fade vi. 逐渐变弱
fade away 逐渐消失；病重死亡
fade into... 在……中逐渐消失
fade in (声音、 形象等)逐渐明显起来； 淡入
fade out (声音、 形象等)逐渐消失； 淡出
permit vt. 允许；许可
n. 许可证
(1)permit sb.to__do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 许可做某事
(2)permission n. 许可， 准许
ask permission 请求许可
with one’s permission 在某人的允许下
without one’s permission 未经某人许可
look__into 展望；向……里面看；调查
look back on/upon 回顾
look down__upon 看不起
look through 浏览；仔细检查；识破
look up 查阅
look out 当心
carry__out 实行， 执行
carry away 拿走， 运走；使失去自
制力
carry back 运回， 拿回
carry on 继续开展， 坚持下去
carry through 进行(到底); 贯彻； 使渡过(困难、危
险等)
carry off 获得(奖赏)
take__over 接收， 接管
take on 承担；雇用(工人)；
呈现出
take up 拿起；占用； 开始工作
take in 吸收； 欺骗(某人)
take apart 拆开；严惩
take down 放下； 把……记录下来
get__across 使……被理解，
把……讲清楚；通过
get in 收集；收割
get into 陷入；投入
get over 解决；克服
get through 通过；用完；接通(电话)
give__away 泄露(秘密)；赠送；出卖；放弃(机会
等)
give back (归)还；使返回；恢复
give in 屈服；让步
give off 发出(气味、 热、 光等)
give out 分发；发出(热、 光等)；精疲力尽
give up 放弃
turn__to 求助于；转向；翻到；查阅；
变成
turn down 调低(音量等)；拒绝
turn in 上交
turn off 关上(开关)
turn on 打开(开关)
turn out 证明是， 结果是；关掉
(电灯、 煤气等)；生产
turn up 调大(音量等)；出现，
来到
drop__off 下降， 减少；打盹；让……
下车
drop out 辍学
drop away 逐渐下降， 减少
drop in 拜访
drop behind/back 落后， 掉队
1．“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
By the year 2015, the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.
【仿写】 不管你什么时候来看我， 我都不介意的。
No__matter__when you come to see me, I won’t mind.
2．倍数的表达法
By the middle of the century, computers that are millions of times smarter than us will have been developed.
【仿写】 这条绳子比那条长三倍。
This rope is three__times__longer than that one.
3．现在分词短语作结果状语
I was so angry that I walked out, leaving him sitting there shocked and white-faced.
【仿写】 他匆忙离开了家， 留下妻子在那里哭。
He hurried off his home, leaving__his__wife__crying there.
4．was/were doing...when...句型
In the summer of 1905, this outspoken young man was rocking his one-year-old baby when he was suddenly inspired.
【仿写】 我正在做作业， 这时有人拍我的肩膀。
I was__doing__my__homework__when someone patted me on the shoulder.
5．as long as 意为“只要”， 引导条件状语从句
The possibilities for the future are endless and__as long as people remain interested, we will keep exploring the world overhead.
【仿写】 只要你认真做作业， 今天晚上你就可以看电视剧。
You may watch the TV play__as__long__as__you__do__your homework carefully.
1．Will you have__known(know) Kevin for 10 years next month?
2．By the time you get home, I will__have__cleaned(clean) the house from top to bottom.
3．I will__be__seeing(see) a friend off at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
4．We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of ours(us)．
5．We were all very tired, but none of us would like to have a rest.
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文， 并背诵成文。
1．一个年轻人接管了父亲的公司， 变得非常富有。 (take over)
2．他很善良， 他经常赠送很多钱给残疾人。 (give away)
3．这件事经常导致他和妻子的冲突。 (lead to; conflict)
4．无论他妻子说什么， 他都没有放弃。 (no matter...)
5．他还经常和一个叫做李平的男孩通信， 帮助他的学习。 (correspond; assist)
6．李平学习很努力， 后来他成为村里第一个被重点大学录取的人。 (the first one to do...)
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One possible version：
A young man took over his father’s company and became very rich.He was so kind that he often gave away much money to the disabled.It led to his conflict with his wife.No matter what his wife said, he didn’t give up.He also often corresponded with a boy named Li Ping and assisted him with his study.Li Ping worked very hard and later he became the first one to be admitted to a key university in his village.
课件22张PPT。starvationstarvetoforintoconflict withoverwithequalityto inequallyassistwithinto docorrespondwith tofadeawayoutpermitto do doingpermissionwithwithoutlook into down uponthrough upoutcarry outbackonthroughoff take overupapartdownget acrossinintooverthroughgive awaybackoffoutturn todownoff onoutdrop off outawayinNo matter whenthree times longerleaving his wife was doing my homework when as long as you dohave knownwill have cleanedwill be seeingoursnone本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
