趣味导引
Traveling Light中文名称为《轻装前行》，是一首由Joel Hanson演唱的乡村风格歌曲。这首歌曲是很轻松的音乐，思绪在缥缈的旋律中尽情地放纵，往事在悠悠的曲子里隐现，动听的旋律勾起的总是最美好的回忆。就像在夕阳下，迎着柔和的阳光，卸下身上重重的行囊，奔向远方去旅行！
Traveling Light
By Joel Hanson
Well I was doubling over the load on my shoulders
Was a weight I carried with me everyday
Crossing miles of frustrations① and rivers a raging
Picking up stones I found along the way
I staggered② and I stumbled③ down
Pathways of trouble
I was hauling④ those souvenirs⑤ of misery
And with each step taken my back was breaking
Till I found the One who took it all from me
Down by the riverside
(Down by the riverside)
I laid my burdens down
Now I’m traveling light
My spirit lifted high
(I found my freedom now)
I found my freedom now
And I’m traveling light
Through the darkest alleys and loneliest valleys
I was dragging⑥ those heavy chains of doubt and fear
Then with the one word spoken the locks were broken
Now He’s leading me to places
Where there are no tears
Down by the riverside
(Down by the riverside)
I laid my burdens down
Now I’m traveling light
My spirit lifted high
(I found my freedom now)
I found my freedom now
And I’m traveling light
轻装前行
乔伊·汉森
如双倍的重量压在肩上
感觉自己每日在负重前行
走过挫折的道路，穿越伤痛的河流
不断俯拾寻找路旁的卵石
我摇晃着，坎坷前行
眼前是充满烦恼的路
我拖曳着这些痛苦的负重
每一步都感觉后背要被压垮
直到我发现了他
卸下了我全部的负重
走在河滩上
我卸下了负重
现在我轻装前行
我的精神在升腾
我找到了自由
我轻装前行
在黑暗的隧道和孤独的山谷里
我曾背负那些沉重的锁链
充满不安和恐惧
可现在一句简单的话语，锁链已打开
他引导我来到了再也不要流泪的地方
走在河滩上
我卸下了负重
现在我轻装前行
我的精神在升腾
我找到了自由
我轻装前行
[词海拾贝]
frustration[fr?'streI?n]n.挫折；挫败
stagger['st?ɡ?(r)]vi.蹒跚；动摇
stumble['st?mbl]vi.跌跌撞撞地走，蹒跚
haul[h??l]v.拖，拉
souvenir[su?v?'nI?(r)]n.纪念品；礼物
drag[dr?ɡ]v.拖拽；吃力地往前拉
Section Ⅰ Warm-up & Lesson 1—Comprehending
Can we take the heat?
In the last few decades①， scientists have reached consensus② and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate—something previously seen as beyond our control③. They claim④ that in the last 50 years, gases pumped into⑤ the Earth’s atmosphere by the factories and vehicles have been speeding up⑥ the process of global warming and affecting our climate. Looking ahead⑦， scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century⑧ .But what exactly is global warming, why is it seen as⑨ a danger, and how is it relevant⑩ to our lives?
Global warming refers to? an average increase in the Earth’s temperature that, in turn?， leads to? climate change. Scientists found that the temperature of the Earth is controlled by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which trap heat from the sun in the Earth’s atmosphere?. Without these naturally occurring gases, the sun’s rays? would bounce? back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on?. When the presence of these gases in the atmosphere increases, however, more heat is trapped? and the Earth’s temperature rises.
①此处意为：在过去几十年里，与现在完成时连用。in可以换为over或during。
②consensus [k?n'sens?s] n．一致的意见
③beyond one’s control超出某人的控制
seen as...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰something。
④claim [kleIm] vt.声称
⑤pump into...注入，此处是过去分词作后置定语，修饰gases。
⑥speed up加速； slow down减速
⑦look ahead展望未来，向前看
⑧此处是现在分词作后置定语，修饰problems。
⑨be seen as...被看作……
⑩relevant ['rel?v?nt] adj.有关的
be relevant to...与……相关
?refer [rI'fз?] to 指，意即
?in turn 依次，反过来；in return作为回报
?lead to 导致，to是介词。
?which引导定语从句，修饰gases。
?ray [reI] n．光线
?bounce [ba?ns] vi.反弹
?此处是现在分词短语作结果状语。
?trap vt.包裹，困住
我们受得了这么热吗？
在过去的几十年里，科学家们一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化——这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。他们声称，在过去的50年里，工厂和车辆排入地球大气层中的气体加速了全球变暖的进程，影响了我们的气候。展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖可能是21世纪面临的最严重的环境问题之一。但是，确切地说，什么是全球变暖？ 为什么把它视为一种危险？ 它如何与我们的生活相关呢？
全球变暖指的是地球温度平均增长，继而导致气候变化。科学家们发现地球的气温受温室气体如二氧化碳的控制，这些气体能将来自太阳的热量留在地球的大气层里。如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光线将会被反射回太空中去，地球将处于寒冷之中，生命也就不可能在地球上存活。然而，当大气层中的这些气体的浓度不断增加时，更多的热量被留在地球，造成地球气温上升。
Over the last 100 years, the global average temperature has increased by 1°F and many experts insist? that the blame for this global warming can mostly be pinned on? human activities. As a result of( increased industry, agriculture(, the cutting down of forests, the increase in transport and the burning of fuels, nearly 6 tonnes of carbon dioxide goes into the atmosphere every year for every one of the Earth’s 6 billion people. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen by more than 30% in the last 250 years with half of this increase occurring( since 1960. Given this data, it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence(.
A temperature increase of 1°F may not sound like a lot, but if we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge quantities( , we are condemning( life on Earth and should expect severe consequences(. Recent reports warned that global warming will cause terrible climate changes including more frequent flooding, heat waves and droughts(. Serious diseases will spread and industries that rely on( nature such as fishing will be badly affected. Increased temperatures will also cause the polar ice to melt, raising sea levels and flooding many islands and cities(. How can we stop these disasters from( happening?
Governments all over the world have a responsibility to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which their countries are producing(. If less carbon dioxide goes into the atmosphere, global warming will slow down(. This is no easy task, however, and some governments, for example, the USA’s federal( government, express reservations( about whether global warming is really caused by human activities( .Many people believe that they are simply not prepared to sacrifice( the amount of money they make from industry to save the Earth. But why wait around for governments to take action( ? Experts advocate( that each person play their part(. They suggest making small changes like taking public transport, recycling(, using low-flow shower heads, and buying light bulbs that use less energy. Even simple things like using recycled paper or switching off( the lights when you leave a room can help. If we add up( all these small changes made by everyone worldwide(, they won’t be such small changes. They could be the changes that save our future. After all(, there’s no substitute( for our Earth. It’s all we’ve got to live on(.
?insist vt.作“坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气；作“坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。
?pin [pIn] on 把责任加在某人身上；pin blame on归咎于……
as a result of 因为……； as a result 结果
agriculture ['?ɡrI?k?lt??] n．农业
此处是with复合结构，其中现在分词作宾补。
coincidence [k??'InsId?ns] n．巧合
that引导主语从句，it作形式主语。
in huge quantities大量
condemn [k?n'dem] vt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地
consequence n．结果，后果； as a consequence结果
drought [dra?t] n．旱灾
rely on 依靠
此处是现在分词短语表示结果。
stop...from...阻止……做某事；from可以省略。
此处的which引导定语从句，修饰carbon dioxide。
slow down减慢
federal ['fed?r?l] adj.联邦的
reservation [?rez?'veI??n] n．保护
whether引导宾语从句。
sacrifice ['s?krIfaIs] vt.& vi.牺牲；献出
take action采取行动
advocate ['?dv?keIt] vt.主张，提倡
play one’s part起到某人的作用
recycle [?ri?'saIk?l] vt.回收利用
switch off关闭
add up 把……加起来
此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰changes。
after all毕竟，终究
substitute ['s?bstItju?t] n．代替品，代用品
live on以……为生；住在……上
在过去的100年里，全球的平均温度上升了1 华氏度，许多专家坚持认为，在很大程度上，人类的活动是导致全球变暖的重要原因。随着工业、农业规模的不断扩大，成片成片的森林被砍伐，交通运输日益频繁，燃料消耗不断增长，每年有接近6吨的二氧化碳被释放到供地球上60亿人中的每一个人呼吸的空气中。在过去的250年里，大气中的二氧化碳含量已经增加了30%以上，而其中的一半是在1960年以后增加的。考虑到这一数据，人类活动与正在上升的全球温度之间的关联似乎不仅仅是一个巧合。
气温升高1华氏度也许听起来无关紧要，但是如果我们继续制造如此多的二氧化碳和其他气体，我们将毁灭地球上的生命，后果将非常严重。近期的报告警告说，全球变暖将导致气候急剧变化，包括更加频繁的洪水、热浪和干旱。严重的疾病将四处扩散，自然产业如渔业将会受到严重影响。温度升高还会引起极地冰山融化，海平面上升，从而淹没许多岛屿和城市。我们怎样才能防止这些灾难发生呢？
世界上的每一个政府都有责任降低自己国家二氧化碳的排放量。如果少向大气中释放二氧化碳，全球变暖就会慢下来。然而，这是一项非常艰巨的任务。一些政府，例如美国的联邦政府，对于全球变暖是否真的是由人类活动引起的仍持保留意见。许多人认为他们只是不愿意牺牲自己从工业中赚到的钱来拯救地球。但是为什么要等待政府来采取行动呢？专家主张每个人都发挥作用。他们建议做一些小的改变，比如搭乘公共交通工具，回收利用，使用节水淋浴喷头，购买节能灯泡。甚至是一些非常简单的事情，如使用再生纸或离开房间时关上灯，都会有用。如果把全世界每个人做的小改变累加起来，它们就不是小的改变了，而是拯救我们未来的改变。毕竟，我们的地球是不可替代的，它是我们必须赖以生存的全部。
[学生用书P6]
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which is one of the biggest environmental problems in the 21st century?
A．Raising sea level.
B．Global warming.
C．More and more factories.
D．Floods and droughts.
Scientists found that the temperature is controlled by ．
A．the sunshine
B．the gas from the Earth
C．the greenhouse gases
D．the Earth’s climate
What results in the increase of the global average temperature?
A．Human activities. B．Burning fuels.
C．Planting trees. D．Bush fires.
What is the main idea for the last paragraph?
A．The USA should play an important part in reducing carbon dioxide.
B．Everyone should try his best to save energy and reduce carbon dioxide.
C．We must study hard and often do experiments.
D．We are suggested that the pupils should turn off the lights.
答案：1—4.BCAB
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．A temperature increase of 1? may not sound like a lot, but if we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge quantities, we are condemning life on Earth and should expect severe consequences.
本句是一个由but连接的 。第二个并列分句中if引导 ， we are condemning...是 。
[尝试翻译] 气温升高1华氏度也许 ， 但是如果我们 的二氧化碳和其他气体， 我们 ， 后果将非常严重。
答案：并列句；条件状语从句；主句；听起来无关紧要；继续制造如此多；将毁灭地球上的生命
2．They suggest making small changes like taking public transport, recycling, using low-flow shower heads, and buying light bulbs that use less energy.
本句的主干是They suggest making small changes。介宾短语like taking...作 ， 四个并列的动名词作介词like的宾语， that use less energy是 ，修饰先行词light bulbs。
[尝试翻译] 他们建议 ， 比如 ， 回收利用， 使用 ， 购买 灯泡。
答案：后置定语；定语从句；做一些小的改变；搭乘公共交通工具；节水淋浴喷头；节能
A卷[学生用书P77(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
There are a few fresh book-group ideas for improving your gatherings. Start one of your own or join one that surprises and delights you.
The Under-One-Hour-of-Reading Club
Joanna Goddard always wanted to join a reading club, but she knew she was a slow reader and that she’d never finish a 300-page novel. Her idea? Start a club based on something that takes only 45 minutes to read. She says, “Articles are real-life, which makes them easier to relate to.”And the ideas discussed in those articles from magazines tend to be controversial, which leads to lots of fun, even heated debate.
The Choose-Your-Own-Novel Club (with a Side of Pizza)
If you’re the kind of person who buys many novels but you’re still trying to finish the book you started in 2004, this club is for you. Tiffany Sun just couldn’t find the time, energy or willpower to read. She and a friend decided to approach reading like “dieting, where you have a friend who keeps you on track with your eating plan, because she’s doing it, too”. Once everyone finishes three books, the group will go out for pizza to talk about their choices and experiences. “Frankly speaking, without the pizza, I don’t think any of us would make it all the way to ‘The End’ month after month，” Sun says.
The Club That Shares the Same DNA
When your family are on holiday together, try presenting each member with the same book. As the family hang by the fire at night or stay around the coffeepot in the morning, they’ll read. At night, over dinner, the group will also have something relatively safe and attractive to discuss, as opposed to talking about exactly how dry the turkey is.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个别具一格的读书俱乐部。
1．How does Joanna Goddard solve her reading problem?
A．By reading short articles.
B．By changing her reading club.
C．By making herself more patient.
D．By improving her reading speed.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一个读书俱乐部描述中的Start a club based on something that takes only 45 minutes to read.可知，她选择的是碎片化的阅读，即不用花太多时间就可读完的短篇文章。
2．Tiffany Sun compares reading to dieting in that both of them ．
A．benefit our health
B．cause physical pains
C．require time and energy
D．need outside motivation
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二个读书俱乐部描述中的like “dieting, where you have a friend who keeps you on track with your eating plan, because she’s doing it, too”可知，读书与减肥的共同点就在于两者都可以有一个做同样事情的朋友，相互监督，相互鼓励，才能坚持下去。
3．What is the main feature of the last reading club?
A．All members are strangers.
B．All members read the same book.
C．Its members never talk about food at mealtimes.
D．Its members often go on holiday with family members.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一个读书俱乐部描述中的When your family are on holiday...the same book.可知，其主要特点就是大家同读一本书，这样大家就有了共同的话题。
B
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources: land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example，a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
There are two main reasons for this. Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However，fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking(萎缩的) rainforests.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了热带雨林在人们生活中的重要作用。号召大家保护雨林，不要乱砍滥伐。
4．Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they ．
A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B．bring about high rainfall throughout the world
C．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃
D．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.可知，热带雨林对气候有很大的影响。故选D项。
5．What does the underlined word “this” in the third paragraph refer to?
A．We will lose much more than we can gain.
B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests.
C．People have a strong desire for resources.
D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.
A 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段最后一句People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.可知，人们这样做会得不偿失的。故下一段的画线单词指的是“我们会失去更多”。
6．It can be inferred from the text that ．
A．we can get enough resources without rainforests
B．there is great medicine potential in rainforests
C．we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land
D．the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests... It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking(萎缩的) rainforests.可知，热带雨林里有很多药用植物可供我们开发利用。故选B项。
7．What might be the best title for the text?
A．How to Save Rainforests
B．How to Protect Nature
C．Rainforests and the Environment
D．Rainforests and Medical Development
C 解析：标题归纳题。本文在第一段就点出了主题：热带雨林对气候的影响很大。下文介绍了具体的情况。故选C项。
C
Mexican weddings are deep in customs and traditions. Many customs still repeat in Mexican weddings as far back as seven centuries. Weddings are usually held in a Roman Catholic Church. The bride and groom stand or kneel at the church. Family and Godparents play a leading role in the ceremony.
In Mexico, the couple choose those who would be “mentors” for themselves during the wedding. They are usually people who have played a powerful role in the life of the bride and groom or their parents. Sometimes, in most popular houses or towns, the couple also choose the “sponsors” who can support them and pay partly for the wedding.
Mexican brides have various choices for their wedding dress. Wedding dresses can vary from simple cotton silk to embroidery(刺绣) fabric. But some brides prefer a traditional wedding. There is a tradition where the bride sews three ribbons, yellow, blue, and red in her underwear for good luck. The ribbons are meant to ensure food, money and passion in the coming years, and yes, no one else can see, but it is a part of the traditions and preparations. In more modern families, the bride would only wear a blue color.
In a tradition dating back to ancient Rome, the groom gives the bride 13 coins at the ceremony. The gift of the pieces is blessed by the priest(牧师) in Catholic ceremonies and is supposed to represent the groom’s promise to support his wife throughout their life together and the acceptance means her promise to take care of him.
In most traditional cities, the wedding menu may include chicken or pork, fresh dishes of rice, and beans. But menus can get very fancy if the budget allows. In weddings and social events in the Huasteca region, a large tamale called zacahuili is cooked overnight in a hole in the ground and then distributed between 50 and 150 people. It is made of corn powder, butter, peppers and the ground pork.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了墨西哥婚礼的一些风俗习惯。
8．Who are most likely to be chosen as “mentors”？
A．Educated people who can take charge of the wedding.
B．Rich people who can pay for the whole wedding.
C．People who mean a lot to the new couple.
D．People who have a high social position.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的They are...their parents.可知，这些人通常是对这对新人或者他们的父母很重要的人。
9．How would a bride ensure good luck?
A．By wearing a beautiful wedding dress.
B．By choosing a traditional wedding.
C．By avoiding wearing blue clothes.
D．By sewing ribbons in her underwear.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的There is...good luck.可知，新娘的贴身衣物上会缝制三条丝带，以求好运。
10．What do the 13 coins at the ceremony stand for?
A．Responsibility. B．Wealth.
C．Loyalty. D．Health.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的is supposed to...take care of him可推测，13枚硬币代表着夫妻间的“责任”。
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to attend a Mexican wedding.
B．Various facts about Mexican weddings.
C．Changes Mexican weddings have experienced.
D．What people eat and drink at a Mexican wedding.
B 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了墨西哥婚礼的一些风俗习惯。
七选五
Because of work, school or family responsibilities, many people have no time to take an extended vacation. 1. Therefore, there is one popular choice for them—a mini vacation.
A mini vacation is a one to three days’ getaway. Unlike the standard vacation, it doesn’t require weeks of planning and needn’t cost much. 2. You will have the chance to get your mind off work and take a break from your regular routine.
Quite often, a mini vacation is scheduled around an official holiday or school break, in order to avoid taking too many personal days off from work or having to pull children out of classes. A typical long weekend could start after work or school on Friday and end the night before a regular schedule comes again. Time is really limited. 3.
An overnight trip to an amusement park nearly could be considered a mini vacation. It has advantages. People can enjoy an inexpensive vacation from the stresses of work or school. 4. Many people are surprisingly unaware of interesting attractions located within a few hours of their hometowns, but local hotels and visitor centers often have lots of informational booklets on local attractions.
5． It includes minimal(最少的) packing and little gas. Other costs may include entry fees of the attractions, hotel reservations, meals and souvenirs. Some vacationers on limited budgets may be able to stay overnight with relatives or friends. They can also save money by purchasing inexpensive meals at local stores or fast food restaurants.
A．Stop at any scenic spot that looks interesting.
B．A mini vacation generally calls for less money.
C．But it will still provide the same basic content of any trip.
D．A mini vacation is also sometimes annoying to prepare for.
E．So people usually look for destinations within a few hours of their homes.
F．Besides, they are still able to drive back home for emergencies if necessary.
G．Others may have the time, but not have the money to travel for a week or longer.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了当下受人们欢迎的迷你假期。
1．G 解析：此空设于段中，与前文形成对比。前文说许多人没有时间去度长假，故选项Others may...week or longer.符合语境，说明有的人不能度长假是由于没有足够的钱。
2．C 解析：此空设于段中，与前文形成转折关系。前文说迷你假期不需要数周的计划且花费少，故选项But it...any trip.符合语境，说明虽与长假不同，但迷你假期也可以有跟长假一样的乐趣。
3．E 解析：此空设于段尾，与前文形成因果关系。前文说迷你假期时间有限。故选项So people usually...their homes.符合语境，说明人们由于时间有限通常会选择离家较近的目的地。
4．F 解析：此空设于段中，与前文形成递进关系。前文说迷你假期经济实惠且同样能让人放松心情。选项Besides，they are...if necessary.符合语境。除此之外，人们还可以在紧急情况出现时立即返回家中。这都是迷你假期的好处。
5．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容主要介绍了迷你假期的费用，且说明了迷你假期不需要花费很多钱。故选项A mini...less money.符合语境。
B卷[学生用书P79(单独成册)]
阅读理解
In some minutes, I will arrive at the airport to start the long trip to Santiago in Chile and then on down to Puerto Williams at the bottom of South America. From there it will be a two-day sail across the Drake Passage to Antarctica.
I have been looking forward to this expedition(探险) for a long time. We’ll be flexible to operate in the best light of the day and to explore the places we choose. Being the first expedition of the season means we would encounter really fantastic ice and snow conditions on the Peninsula. If you follow my blog, then you will know I’ve written a series of long articles on How to Choose a Photographic Expedition to Antarctica over the past months. Everything about this expedition has been designed with the photographer in mind first and foremost.
I like to do a post of what equipment I am taking with me on an expedition. After much soul searching, and a lot of hesitation, I have decided not to take my underwater housing and Polecam system with me on this expedition. Simply put, I don’t feel I have enough experience with the underwater system now to maximize any opportunities to present them.
Antarctica is a difficult place to operate and photograph, and trying to work with equipment with which you are unfamiliar is at best problematic and at worst a complete waste of time. It would certainly result in missing other opportunities. Underwater work in Antarctica is simply going to have to wait until such time as I have become more familiar with the housing controls and the slight difference in working underwater. Without the burden of the underwater equipment, I can focus on work on land and bring a good range of equipment to work with.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者即将去南极摄影和探险，描述了选择带什么样的设备的心理过程。
1．Where was this article most probably finished?
A．At home.
B．At the airport.
C．On board the plane.
D．On the way to the airport.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的In some minutes, I will arrive at the airport to start可推断，作者写这篇文章的时候应该是在去往机场的路上。
2．What do we learn about the author’s expedition?
A．It’s the first expedition in her life.
B．She can’t choose her destinations.
C．It’s mainly to explore and photograph.
D．She doesn’t know what to expect out of it.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的We’ll be flexible to operate in the best light of the day and to explore the places we choose.以及后文的内容，可推断作者去南极主要是去探险和摄影的。
3．What does the author most probably like doing in her spare time?
A．Writing posts on her blog.
B．Designing camping equipment.
C．Publishing books about Antarctica.
D．Teaching others how to photograph.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的If you follow my blog, then you will know I’ve written a series of long articles以及第三段的I like to do a post of what equipment可知，作者喜欢在空闲时间写博客。
4．Why will the author give up taking her underwater housing and Polecam system?
A．Because she wants to keep it safe.
B．Because she isn’t skilled at using them.
C．Because she cannot take much equipment.
D．Because she has already got other equipment.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的I don’t feel I have enough experience以及第四段的trying to work with equipment with which you are unfamiliar...waste of time可知，作者不带水下作业设备是因为自己并不熟悉它们，不擅长使用它们。
完形填空
Imagine what your life would be like if all of the things that most of us take for granted(理所当然的) were not there. Then imagine that you were a young child living in that environment with no hope and no end of 1 ．
Liz Murray spent her childhood living in such a(n) 2 . Her parents were drug addicts and AIDS patients.
Liz 3 ， from a very young age, that she was not only going to take care of herself but also her parents. Her parents’ income was always spent on drugs.
When Liz was six, her mother died from AIDS. When she was 15, Liz became 4 and spent the next several years living on the street, or sleeping in subways all night in order to stay 5 ．
Living in such an environment made it impossible for Liz to 6 school at all.
7 she got turned down by many high schools, Liz continued to 8 for an education and was finally 9 into the Humanities Preparatory Academy in Manhattan where she was befriended by two 10 teachers.
When it was time for Liz to 11 college, a teacher suggested that she consider Harvard. He told her, “Sure it would be a 12 ， but it’s not impossible.” What happened next was not fiction but 13 . Liz was accepted by Harvard.
Liz stopped her education at Harvard in 2001 to 14 for her father who was sick with AIDS until he died. Liz later 15 to Harvard and graduated in 2009.
She now travels internationally and is a highly sought-after 16 speaker. She is the founder and director of a company that inspires adults to achieve 17 things in their lives, as Liz has.
Her life story was 18 for an original film, Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story.
She is an inspiration to everyone who is 19 enough to cross paths with her. The next time you doubt your 20 to accomplish something that is very important to you, think again. Think of Liz.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Liz Murray童年饱尝苦难，一度流落街头，然而她勇敢而博爱，一直照顾着自己患病的父母，经过不懈努力考上了哈佛大学。她的故事被改编成电影《风雨哈佛路》，激励着全世界的人们砥砺前行。
1．A.sickness B．hardness
C．happiness D．loneliness
B 解析：根据第一段中all of the things that most of us take for granted(理所当然的) were not there以及与此空并列的no hope可知，此处为无尽的“苦难(hardness)”。
2．A.background B．emotion
C．environment D．area
C 解析：根据第一段中environment可知，Liz正处在上文所述的恶劣的“环境(environment)”里。
3．A.insisted B．learned
C．required D．suggested
B 解析：根据第二、三段可知，Liz的父母为瘾君子，从小她就“知道(learned)”她不仅要照顾自己还要照顾父母。
4．A.worthless B．hopeless
C．homeless D．independent
C
5．A.warm B．clear
C．alone D．awake
A 解析：根据第四段可知，15岁的时候，Liz“无家可归(homeless)”，常常流落街头，在地下人行道里过夜来“取暖(warm)”。
6．A.graduate from B．know about
C．leave D．attend
D 解析：根据上下文可知，Liz的生活环境如此窘迫，几乎不可能“上(attend)”学。
7．A.Because B．Although
C．Until D．Since
B 解析：根据下文可知，Liz经过努力继续学业。因此，“尽管(Although)”很多学校拒绝接收她，她依然没有放弃。
8．A.struggle B．make
C．stand D．wait
A
9．A.attracted B．invited
C．accepted D．appointed
C 解析：根据第六段可知，Liz经过不断的“努力(struggle)”，最终被一所高中“接受(accepted)”。
10．A.curious B．inspiring
C．satisfying D．serious
B
11．A.access B．apply to
C．appeal to D．visit
B
12．A.reach B．secret
C．difficulty D．puzzle
A 解析：根据第七段可知，老师建议她在“申请(apply to)”大学的时候选择哈佛大学，告诉她虽然这所学校对她来说有些“距离(reach)”，但这不是不可能，由此可知，这里的老师“启发(inspiring)”了她。
13．A.belief B．relief
C．reality D．challenge
C 解析：根据最后她被哈佛大学录取可知，申请学校之后所发生的事不是小说故事，而是“事实(reality)”。
14．A.act B．care
C．look D．allow
B
15．A.returned B．preferred
C．took D．stuck
A 解析：根据上文可知，Liz很有孝心和爱心。在哈佛大学上学期间，她中途休学去“照顾(care for)”患病的父亲，直到他去世后才“返回(returned)”哈佛大学继续学业。
16．A.practical B．motivational
C．political D．technical
B
17．A.effective B．different
C．basic D．uncommon
D 解析：根据倒数第三段可知，Liz毕业后到世界各地去演讲，成为备受人们推崇的“励志(motivational)”演说家，而且创办了公司，旨在激励人们创造“非凡的(uncommon)”成就。
18．A.admitted B．devoted
C．adapted D．used
C
19．A.suitable B．fortunate
C．interesting D．energetic
B
20．A.quality B．safety
C．ability D．identity
C 解析：根据最后两段可知，Liz的故事被“改编(adapted)”成电影，对每个“有幸(fortunate)”遇见她的人来说都是一种鼓励。下次当你怀疑自己“能力(ability)”的时候，想想Liz的奋斗历程吧。
语法填空
If you’re like most teenagers, you will probably love to listen to music. Some teenagers like to listen to music when they are studying. But can music help them think 1. improve their memory?
Some scientific studies show that 2. (baby) respond to music even before they’re born. Bringing classical music 3. children’s life at an early age can help their brains develop and make them 4. (smart) than those who don’t listen to music.
Scientists who 5. (study) the phenomenon over the years come to different conclusions. Some scientists believe it may 6. (part) depend upon what you’re studying and what type of music you are listening to. Music can help with reading and speaking skills by 7. (improve) the listener’s ability to recognize the difference between sounds and better understand language patterns. So music might help you with language arts. But what should you listen to? Some scientists say classical music might be a good choice, as it can tend 8. (calm) the nerves(神经) and help you focus. On 9. other hand, listening to loud music that is distracting(分散精力的) can negatively affect you because your mind may 10. (occupy) by the music rather than the matter at hand.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了音乐对于思维或者记忆的影响。
1．or 解析：考查连词。用在疑问句中，表示选择，用并列连词or。
2．babies 解析：考查名词。根据谓语动词形式可判断，主语为复数形式。
3．into 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，指将音乐引入孩子的生活中。
4．smarter 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的than those who don’t listen to music可判断，用形容词的比较级。
5．have studied 解析：考查动词的时态。over the years意为“这些年来”，表示从现在算起的过去几年，通常与现在完成时连用。
6．partly 解析：考查副词。修饰后面的动词depend，用副词形式。
7．improving 解析：考查非谓语动词。跟在介词by后面，用动名词形式。
8．to calm 解析：考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth.意为“倾向于做某事”。
9．the 解析：考查冠词。固定搭配on the other hand意为“另一方面”。
10．be occupied 解析：考查动词的语态。这里表示被动关系，大脑被音乐所占据，情态动词的被动语态为：情态动词＋be done。
课件48张PPT。Unit 22 Environmental ProtectionUnit 22 Environmental ProtectionUnit 22 Environmental ProtectionUnit 22 Environmental ProtectionUnit 22 Environmental ProtectionUnit 22 Environmental ProtectionUnit 22 Environmental ProtectionUnit 22 Environmental ProtectionUnit 22 Environmental ProtectionUnit 22 Environmental Protection本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
阅读理解
A
There are a few fresh book-group ideas for improving your gatherings. Start one of your own or join one that surprises and delights you.
The Under-One-Hour-of-Reading Club
Joanna Goddard always wanted to join a reading club, but she knew she was a slow reader and that she’d never finish a 300-page novel. Her idea? Start a club based on something that takes only 45 minutes to read. She says, “Articles are real-life, which makes them easier to relate to.”And the ideas discussed in those articles from magazines tend to be controversial, which leads to lots of fun, even heated debate.
The Choose-Your-Own-Novel Club (with a Side of Pizza)
If you’re the kind of person who buys many novels but you’re still trying to finish the book you started in 2004, this club is for you. Tiffany Sun just couldn’t find the time, energy or willpower to read. She and a friend decided to approach reading like “dieting, where you have a friend who keeps you on track with your eating plan, because she’s doing it, too”. Once everyone finishes three books, the group will go out for pizza to talk about their choices and experiences. “Frankly speaking, without the pizza, I don’t think any of us would make it all the way to ‘The End’ month after month，” Sun says.
The Club That Shares the Same DNA
When your family are on holiday together, try presenting each member with the same book. As the family hang by the fire at night or stay around the coffeepot in the morning, they’ll read. At night, over dinner, the group will also have something relatively safe and attractive to discuss, as opposed to talking about exactly how dry the turkey is.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个别具一格的读书俱乐部。
1．How does Joanna Goddard solve her reading problem?
A．By reading short articles.
B．By changing her reading club.
C．By making herself more patient.
D．By improving her reading speed.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一个读书俱乐部描述中的Start a club based on something that takes only 45 minutes to read.可知，她选择的是碎片化的阅读，即不用花太多时间就可读完的短篇文章。
2．Tiffany Sun compares reading to dieting in that both of them ．
A．benefit our health
B．cause physical pains
C．require time and energy
D．need outside motivation
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二个读书俱乐部描述中的like “dieting, where you have a friend who keeps you on track with your eating plan, because she’s doing it, too”可知，读书与减肥的共同点就在于两者都可以有一个做同样事情的朋友，相互监督，相互鼓励，才能坚持下去。
3．What is the main feature of the last reading club?
A．All members are strangers.
B．All members read the same book.
C．Its members never talk about food at mealtimes.
D．Its members often go on holiday with family members.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一个读书俱乐部描述中的When your family are on holiday...the same book.可知，其主要特点就是大家同读一本书，这样大家就有了共同的话题。
B
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources: land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example，a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
There are two main reasons for this. Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply.
Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However，fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking(萎缩的) rainforests.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了热带雨林在人们生活中的重要作用。号召大家保护雨林，不要乱砍滥伐。
4．Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they ．
A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B．bring about high rainfall throughout the world
C．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16℃
D．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate.可知，热带雨林对气候有很大的影响。故选D项。
5．What does the underlined word “this” in the third paragraph refer to?
A．We will lose much more than we can gain.
B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests.
C．People have a strong desire for resources.
D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests.
A 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段最后一句People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.可知，人们这样做会得不偿失的。故下一段的画线单词指的是“我们会失去更多”。
6．It can be inferred from the text that ．
A．we can get enough resources without rainforests
B．there is great medicine potential in rainforests
C．we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land
D．the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests... It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking(萎缩的) rainforests.可知，热带雨林里有很多药用植物可供我们开发利用。故选B项。
7．What might be the best title for the text?
A．How to Save Rainforests
B．How to Protect Nature
C．Rainforests and the Environment
D．Rainforests and Medical Development
C 解析：标题归纳题。本文在第一段就点出了主题：热带雨林对气候的影响很大。下文介绍了具体的情况。故选C项。
C
Mexican weddings are deep in customs and traditions. Many customs still repeat in Mexican weddings as far back as seven centuries. Weddings are usually held in a Roman Catholic Church. The bride and groom stand or kneel at the church. Family and Godparents play a leading role in the ceremony.
In Mexico, the couple choose those who would be “mentors” for themselves during the wedding. They are usually people who have played a powerful role in the life of the bride and groom or their parents. Sometimes, in most popular houses or towns, the couple also choose the “sponsors” who can support them and pay partly for the wedding.
Mexican brides have various choices for their wedding dress. Wedding dresses can vary from simple cotton silk to embroidery(刺绣) fabric. But some brides prefer a traditional wedding. There is a tradition where the bride sews three ribbons, yellow, blue, and red in her underwear for good luck. The ribbons are meant to ensure food, money and passion in the coming years, and yes, no one else can see, but it is a part of the traditions and preparations. In more modern families, the bride would only wear a blue color.
In a tradition dating back to ancient Rome, the groom gives the bride 13 coins at the ceremony. The gift of the pieces is blessed by the priest(牧师) in Catholic ceremonies and is supposed to represent the groom’s promise to support his wife throughout their life together and the acceptance means her promise to take care of him.
In most traditional cities, the wedding menu may include chicken or pork, fresh dishes of rice, and beans. But menus can get very fancy if the budget allows. In weddings and social events in the Huasteca region, a large tamale called zacahuili is cooked overnight in a hole in the ground and then distributed between 50 and 150 people. It is made of corn powder, butter, peppers and the ground pork.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了墨西哥婚礼的一些风俗习惯。
8．Who are most likely to be chosen as “mentors”？
A．Educated people who can take charge of the wedding.
B．Rich people who can pay for the whole wedding.
C．People who mean a lot to the new couple.
D．People who have a high social position.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的They are...their parents.可知，这些人通常是对这对新人或者他们的父母很重要的人。
9．How would a bride ensure good luck?
A．By wearing a beautiful wedding dress.
B．By choosing a traditional wedding.
C．By avoiding wearing blue clothes.
D．By sewing ribbons in her underwear.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的There is...good luck.可知，新娘的贴身衣物上会缝制三条丝带，以求好运。
10．What do the 13 coins at the ceremony stand for?
A．Responsibility. B．Wealth.
C．Loyalty. D．Health.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的is supposed to...take care of him可推测，13枚硬币代表着夫妻间的“责任”。
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to attend a Mexican wedding.
B．Various facts about Mexican weddings.
C．Changes Mexican weddings have experienced.
D．What people eat and drink at a Mexican wedding.
B 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了墨西哥婚礼的一些风俗习惯。
七选五
Because of work, school or family responsibilities, many people have no time to take an extended vacation. 1. Therefore, there is one popular choice for them—a mini vacation.
A mini vacation is a one to three days’ getaway. Unlike the standard vacation, it doesn’t require weeks of planning and needn’t cost much. 2. You will have the chance to get your mind off work and take a break from your regular routine.
Quite often, a mini vacation is scheduled around an official holiday or school break, in order to avoid taking too many personal days off from work or having to pull children out of classes. A typical long weekend could start after work or school on Friday and end the night before a regular schedule comes again. Time is really limited. 3.
An overnight trip to an amusement park nearly could be considered a mini vacation. It has advantages. People can enjoy an inexpensive vacation from the stresses of work or school. 4. Many people are surprisingly unaware of interesting attractions located within a few hours of their hometowns, but local hotels and visitor centers often have lots of informational booklets on local attractions.
5． It includes minimal(最少的) packing and little gas. Other costs may include entry fees of the attractions, hotel reservations, meals and souvenirs. Some vacationers on limited budgets may be able to stay overnight with relatives or friends. They can also save money by purchasing inexpensive meals at local stores or fast food restaurants.
A．Stop at any scenic spot that looks interesting.
B．A mini vacation generally calls for less money.
C．But it will still provide the same basic content of any trip.
D．A mini vacation is also sometimes annoying to prepare for.
E．So people usually look for destinations within a few hours of their homes.
F．Besides, they are still able to drive back home for emergencies if necessary.
G．Others may have the time, but not have the money to travel for a week or longer.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了当下受人们欢迎的迷你假期。
1．G 解析：此空设于段中，与前文形成对比。前文说许多人没有时间去度长假，故选项Others may...week or longer.符合语境，说明有的人不能度长假是由于没有足够的钱。
2．C 解析：此空设于段中，与前文形成转折关系。前文说迷你假期不需要数周的计划且花费少，故选项But it...any trip.符合语境，说明虽与长假不同，但迷你假期也可以有跟长假一样的乐趣。
3．E 解析：此空设于段尾，与前文形成因果关系。前文说迷你假期时间有限。故选项So people usually...their homes.符合语境，说明人们由于时间有限通常会选择离家较近的目的地。
4．F 解析：此空设于段中，与前文形成递进关系。前文说迷你假期经济实惠且同样能让人放松心情。选项Besides，they are...if necessary.符合语境。除此之外，人们还可以在紧急情况出现时立即返回家中。这都是迷你假期的好处。
5．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容主要介绍了迷你假期的费用，且说明了迷你假期不需要花费很多钱。故选项A mini...less money.符合语境。
B卷
阅读理解
In some minutes, I will arrive at the airport to start the long trip to Santiago in Chile and then on down to Puerto Williams at the bottom of South America. From there it will be a two-day sail across the Drake Passage to Antarctica.
I have been looking forward to this expedition(探险) for a long time. We’ll be flexible to operate in the best light of the day and to explore the places we choose. Being the first expedition of the season means we would encounter really fantastic ice and snow conditions on the Peninsula. If you follow my blog, then you will know I’ve written a series of long articles on How to Choose a Photographic Expedition to Antarctica over the past months. Everything about this expedition has been designed with the photographer in mind first and foremost.
I like to do a post of what equipment I am taking with me on an expedition. After much soul searching, and a lot of hesitation, I have decided not to take my underwater housing and Polecam system with me on this expedition. Simply put, I don’t feel I have enough experience with the underwater system now to maximize any opportunities to present them.
Antarctica is a difficult place to operate and photograph, and trying to work with equipment with which you are unfamiliar is at best problematic and at worst a complete waste of time. It would certainly result in missing other opportunities. Underwater work in Antarctica is simply going to have to wait until such time as I have become more familiar with the housing controls and the slight difference in working underwater. Without the burden of the underwater equipment, I can focus on work on land and bring a good range of equipment to work with.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者即将去南极摄影和探险，描述了选择带什么样的设备的心理过程。
1．Where was this article most probably finished?
A．At home.
B．At the airport.
C．On board the plane.
D．On the way to the airport.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的In some minutes, I will arrive at the airport to start可推断，作者写这篇文章的时候应该是在去往机场的路上。
2．What do we learn about the author’s expedition?
A．It’s the first expedition in her life.
B．She can’t choose her destinations.
C．It’s mainly to explore and photograph.
D．She doesn’t know what to expect out of it.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的We’ll be flexible to operate in the best light of the day and to explore the places we choose.以及后文的内容，可推断作者去南极主要是去探险和摄影的。
3．What does the author most probably like doing in her spare time?
A．Writing posts on her blog.
B．Designing camping equipment.
C．Publishing books about Antarctica.
D．Teaching others how to photograph.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的If you follow my blog, then you will know I’ve written a series of long articles以及第三段的I like to do a post of what equipment可知，作者喜欢在空闲时间写博客。
4．Why will the author give up taking her underwater housing and Polecam system?
A．Because she wants to keep it safe.
B．Because she isn’t skilled at using them.
C．Because she cannot take much equipment.
D．Because she has already got other equipment.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的I don’t feel I have enough experience以及第四段的trying to work with equipment with which you are unfamiliar...waste of time可知，作者不带水下作业设备是因为自己并不熟悉它们，不擅长使用它们。
完形填空
Imagine what your life would be like if all of the things that most of us take for granted(理所当然的) were not there. Then imagine that you were a young child living in that environment with no hope and no end of 1 ．
Liz Murray spent her childhood living in such a(n) 2 . Her parents were drug addicts and AIDS patients.
Liz 3 ， from a very young age, that she was not only going to take care of herself but also her parents. Her parents’ income was always spent on drugs.
When Liz was six, her mother died from AIDS. When she was 15, Liz became 4 and spent the next several years living on the street, or sleeping in subways all night in order to stay 5 ．
Living in such an environment made it impossible for Liz to 6 school at all.
7 she got turned down by many high schools, Liz continued to 8 for an education and was finally 9 into the Humanities Preparatory Academy in Manhattan where she was befriended by two 10 teachers.
When it was time for Liz to 11 college, a teacher suggested that she consider Harvard. He told her, “Sure it would be a 12 ， but it’s not impossible.” What happened next was not fiction but 13 . Liz was accepted by Harvard.
Liz stopped her education at Harvard in 2001 to 14 for her father who was sick with AIDS until he died. Liz later 15 to Harvard and graduated in 2009.
She now travels internationally and is a highly sought-after 16 speaker. She is the founder and director of a company that inspires adults to achieve 17 things in their lives, as Liz has.
Her life story was 18 for an original film, Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story.
She is an inspiration to everyone who is 19 enough to cross paths with her. The next time you doubt your 20 to accomplish something that is very important to you, think again. Think of Liz.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Liz Murray童年饱尝苦难，一度流落街头，然而她勇敢而博爱，一直照顾着自己患病的父母，经过不懈努力考上了哈佛大学。她的故事被改编成电影《风雨哈佛路》，激励着全世界的人们砥砺前行。
1．A.sickness B．hardness
C．happiness D．loneliness
B 解析：根据第一段中all of the things that most of us take for granted(理所当然的) were not there以及与此空并列的no hope可知，此处为无尽的“苦难(hardness)”。
2．A.background B．emotion
C．environment D．area
C 解析：根据第一段中environment可知，Liz正处在上文所述的恶劣的“环境(environment)”里。
3．A.insisted B．learned
C．required D．suggested
B 解析：根据第二、三段可知，Liz的父母为瘾君子，从小她就“知道(learned)”她不仅要照顾自己还要照顾父母。
4．A.worthless B．hopeless
C．homeless D．independent
C
5．A.warm B．clear
C．alone D．awake
A 解析：根据第四段可知，15岁的时候，Liz“无家可归(homeless)”，常常流落街头，在地下人行道里过夜来“取暖(warm)”。
6．A.graduate from B．know about
C．leave D．attend
D 解析：根据上下文可知，Liz的生活环境如此窘迫，几乎不可能“上(attend)”学。
7．A.Because B．Although
C．Until D．Since
B 解析：根据下文可知，Liz经过努力继续学业。因此，“尽管(Although)”很多学校拒绝接收她，她依然没有放弃。
8．A.struggle B．make
C．stand D．wait
A
9．A.attracted B．invited
C．accepted D．appointed
C 解析：根据第六段可知，Liz经过不断的“努力(struggle)”，最终被一所高中“接受(accepted)”。
10．A.curious B．inspiring
C．satisfying D．serious
B
11．A.access B．apply to
C．appeal to D．visit
B
12．A.reach B．secret
C．difficulty D．puzzle
A 解析：根据第七段可知，老师建议她在“申请(apply to)”大学的时候选择哈佛大学，告诉她虽然这所学校对她来说有些“距离(reach)”，但这不是不可能，由此可知，这里的老师“启发(inspiring)”了她。
13．A.belief B．relief
C．reality D．challenge
C 解析：根据最后她被哈佛大学录取可知，申请学校之后所发生的事不是小说故事，而是“事实(reality)”。
14．A.act B．care
C．look D．allow
B
15．A.returned B．preferred
C．took D．stuck
A 解析：根据上文可知，Liz很有孝心和爱心。在哈佛大学上学期间，她中途休学去“照顾(care for)”患病的父亲，直到他去世后才“返回(returned)”哈佛大学继续学业。
16．A.practical B．motivational
C．political D．technical
B
17．A.effective B．different
C．basic D．uncommon
D 解析：根据倒数第三段可知，Liz毕业后到世界各地去演讲，成为备受人们推崇的“励志(motivational)”演说家，而且创办了公司，旨在激励人们创造“非凡的(uncommon)”成就。
18．A.admitted B．devoted
C．adapted D．used
C
19．A.suitable B．fortunate
C．interesting D．energetic
B
20．A.quality B．safety
C．ability D．identity
C 解析：根据最后两段可知，Liz的故事被“改编(adapted)”成电影，对每个“有幸(fortunate)”遇见她的人来说都是一种鼓励。下次当你怀疑自己“能力(ability)”的时候，想想Liz的奋斗历程吧。
语法填空
If you’re like most teenagers, you will probably love to listen to music. Some teenagers like to listen to music when they are studying. But can music help them think 1. improve their memory?
Some scientific studies show that 2. (baby) respond to music even before they’re born. Bringing classical music 3. children’s life at an early age can help their brains develop and make them 4. (smart) than those who don’t listen to music.
Scientists who 5. (study) the phenomenon over the years come to different conclusions. Some scientists believe it may 6. (part) depend upon what you’re studying and what type of music you are listening to. Music can help with reading and speaking skills by 7. (improve) the listener’s ability to recognize the difference between sounds and better understand language patterns. So music might help you with language arts. But what should you listen to? Some scientists say classical music might be a good choice, as it can tend 8. (calm) the nerves(神经) and help you focus. On 9. other hand, listening to loud music that is distracting(分散精力的) can negatively affect you because your mind may 10. (occupy) by the music rather than the matter at hand.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了音乐对于思维或者记忆的影响。
1．or 解析：考查连词。用在疑问句中，表示选择，用并列连词or。
2．babies 解析：考查名词。根据谓语动词形式可判断，主语为复数形式。
3．into 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，指将音乐引入孩子的生活中。
4．smarter 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据后面的than those who don’t listen to music可判断，用形容词的比较级。
5．have studied 解析：考查动词的时态。over the years意为“这些年来”，表示从现在算起的过去几年，通常与现在完成时连用。
6．partly 解析：考查副词。修饰后面的动词depend，用副词形式。
7．improving 解析：考查非谓语动词。跟在介词by后面，用动名词形式。
8．to calm 解析：考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth.意为“倾向于做某事”。
9．the 解析：考查冠词。固定搭配on the other hand意为“另一方面”。
10．be occupied 解析：考查动词的语态。这里表示被动关系，大脑被音乐所占据，情态动词的被动语态为：情态动词＋be done。
Section Ⅱ Lesson 1—Language Points
[学生用书P6]
1．trap vt. 使困住
2．principle n. 原则， 道德准则
3．beyond prep. 超出
4．coincidence n. 巧合
5．condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地
6．sacrifice vt.& vi. 牺牲； 献出
7．advocate vt. 主张， 提倡
8．recycle vt. 回收利用
9．hurricane n. 飓风
10．botanical adj. 植物的→botany n. 植物
11．reserve n. 保护区→reservation n．保护，预订
12．corrupt adj. 贪污受贿的， 腐败的→corruption n. 贪污， 腐败
13．conservation n. 保护→conserve v．保护
14．relevant adj. 有关的→relevance n．关联
15．threaten vt. 威胁→threat n．威胁
1．a number of 一些
2．beyond one’s control 超出……的控制，
不受……的控制
3．look ahead 展望未来
4．in turn 依次
5．lead to 引起， 导致
6．take action 采取行动
7．ahead of 在……前面
8．speed up 加速
1．分词短语作后置定语
In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate—something previously seen as beyond our control(被认为是超出我们控制能力的)．
2．虚拟语气/分词短语作状语
Without these naturally occurring gases, the sun’s rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold(就会反射回太空中去，地球将处于寒冷之中) and impossible to live on.
3．with的复合结构
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen by more than 30% in the last 250 years with half of this increase occurring since 1960(其中的一半是在1960年以后增加的)．
4．分词式介词短语
Given this data(考虑到这一数据), it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.
5．介词的宾语从句
This is no easy task, however, and some governments, for example, the USA’s federal government, express reservations about whether global warming is really caused by human activities(全球变暖是否真的是由人类活动引起的)．
[学生用书P7]
trap v．储存， 留存； 使落入圈套(或困境)
n．陷阱； 诡计； 困境
①(教材P5)Because of the greenhouse effect，the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.
由于温室效应，被困在大气中的气体会使地球变暖。
②(牛津词典)She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.
她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。
(1)be/get trapped in 被困在……中
trap sb.into (doing) sth. 诱骗某人做某事
(2)set a trap for 为……设下圈套
fall into/be caught in a trap 掉进陷阱；落入圈套
表示“被困于……中”的短语还有：be/get caught in；be/get stuck in等。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
(1)The bomb exploded, trapping(trap) victims in the building.
(2)Because of the greenhouse effect, the earth is warmed by gases trapping in the atmosphere.trapping→trapped
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
回到家以后，她发现自己被骗而购买了那些无用的药。
(3)(普通表达)After she returned home, she found that she was trapped into buying the useless medicines.
(4)(高级表达)Returning home, she found herself trapped into buying the useless medicines.(现在分词短语作状语；find＋宾语＋宾补)
reserve n．保护区 vt.保留； 预订
①(教材P5)Breweries are often built in nature reserves.
啤酒厂经常建在自然保护区内。
②Keep a few pounds in reserve to cover unexpected costs.
留出几镑以备不时之需。
(1)in reserve 备用的
without reserve 毫无保留地
(2)reserve...for sb./sth. 为某人/某物保留/预订……
(3)reservation n. 保留； 预订；保护
make a reservation 预订(房间、 座位等)
without reservation 直率地， 坦白地， 无条件地；毫无保留
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Say all you know and say it without reserve.
(2)This section of the car park is reserved(reserve) for visitors.
(3)I have made a reservation(reserve) for you on the morning flight.
beyond prep.超出 adv.在更远处，另外
①(教材P6)In the last few decades，scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate—something previously seen as beyond our control. 在过去的几十年里，科学家们一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化——这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。
②Beyond a certain point, though, further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown.
但是超出一定限度，更大的压力只会导致疲劳、疾病、最终崩溃。
beyond belief 难以置信的
beyond compare 无与伦比的， 不可及的
beyond recognition 认不出来
beyond description 无法形容的
beyond one’s reach 某人够不到
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)The light switch was beyond the child’s reach.
(2)这个城市的中心已经变得认不出来了。
The centre of the city has changed beyond recognition．
(3)那儿的风景美丽得无法形容。
The scenery there was beautiful beyond description．
relevant adj.有关的
①(教材P6)But what exactly is global warming, why is it seen as a danger, and how is it relevant to our lives?
但是， 确切地说， 什么是全球变暖？ 为什么把它视为一种危险？ 它如何与我们的生活相关呢？
②I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.
我完成了计算机基础的高等课程，还有五门相关的大学预科课程。
(1)be relevant to... 与……相关
(2)relevantly adv. 相关地
(3)relevance n. 相关； 关联
be of/with relevance to... 与……相关
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)I don’t think his remarks are relevant to our discussion.
(2)Today’s exam is relevantly(relevant) easy.
(3)This is a humor with relevance(relevant) to school life.
(4)The course covers areas of relevance to modern life.
refer to 指的是，意即；涉及；提及；适用；参考
(教材P6)Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth’s temperature that，in turn，leads to climate change.
全球变暖指的是地球温度平均增长，继而导致气候变化。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中refer to的含义
(1)When giving the lecture，he referred to his note from time to time.参考
(2)The new law does not refer to farmland.涉及
(3)President Xi Jinping referred to “The China Dream” many times in his speech.提及
refer sb./sth.to sb./sth. 将……送交给……(以求获得帮助等)；归功于/归咎于
refer to...as... 把……称作……
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)My doctor referred me to a specialist.
(2)As far as I know，he is referred to as a living Lei Feng.
①(教材P6)Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth’s temperature that，in turn，leads to climate change.
全球变暖指的是地球温度平均增长，继而导致气候变化。
②The students clean their classroom every day in turn.
学生们每天轮流打扫他们的教室。
by turns 轮流，交替地
take turns doing/to do sth. 轮流做某事
it’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
(2)He gets cheerful and depressed by turns.
(3)The pupils took turns reading(read) out their compositions.
lead to 引起；导致；通向
①(教材P6)Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth’s temperature that，in turn，leads to climate change.
全球变暖指的是地球温度平均增长，继而导致气候变化。
②There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness.
毫无疑问， 压力会导致生理疾病。
(1)lead sb. to some place 带领某人去某地
lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
(2)lead to的to为介词， 后加名词或动名词作宾语； 类似用法的短语有：
look forward to 盼望
turn to 求助于；转向
pay attention to 注意
stick to 坚持
get down to 开始认真干
object to 反对
belong to 属于
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)This is a path leading(lead) to the small hut.
(2)The girls are looking forward to seeing(see) the star.
condemn vt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地
①(教材P6)A temperature increase of 1°F may not sound like a lot，but if we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge quantities，we are condemning life on Earth and should expect severe consequences.
气温升高1华氏度也许听起来无关紧要，但是如果我们继续制造如此多的二氧化碳和其他气体，我们将毁灭地球上的生命，后果将非常严重。
②She knew that society would condemn her for abandoning her children.
她知道世人会因她遗弃孩子而谴责她。
condemn sb. for sth. 因某事而谴责某人
be condemned/sentenced to death
被判处死刑
condemn sb. to do sth./condemn sb. to sth.
使某人不得不……
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)He was found guilty and condemned to death.
(2)His occupation condemned him to spend(spend) long periods of time away from his family.
sacrifice vt.&vi.牺牲，献出 n．牺牲品；牺牲
①(教材P6)Many People believe that they are simply not prepared to sacrifice the amount of money they make from industry to save the Earth.
许多人认为他们只是不愿意牺牲自己从工业中赚到的钱来拯救地球。
②Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices.
几乎每个祖父母都想和他或她的孙辈在一起，愿意去做出牺牲。
(1)sacrifice...for... 为了……牺牲……
sacrifice...to do sth. 为做某事而牺牲……
(2)make sacrifices/a sacrifice 做出牺牲
at the sacrifice of... 以牺牲……为代价
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)He sacrificed his promising career to look (look) after his disabled daughter.
(2)She made a big sacrifice for her position today.
(3)It’s unwise to make money at the sacrifice of one’s health.
substitute n．代用品；代替品 vt.用……替代/顶替
adj.代替的；代用的；替补的
①(教材P6)After all，there’s no substitute for our Earth.
毕竟，我们的地球是不可替代的。
②We used to live on the money my wife earned by substitute teaching.
我们过去曾靠我妻子代课赚得的钱生活。
(1)a substitute for sb./sth. 某人/某物的代替者/代用品
(2)substitute A for B＝substitute B with/by A
用A代替B
A substitute for B A取代B
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1) If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5”．
(2)You can substitute tea with coffee when the guests arrive.
(3)We substituted a red ball for the blue one to see if the baby would notice.
(教材P6)Without these naturally occurring gases，the sun’s rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.
如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光线将会被反射回太空中去，地球将处于寒冷之中，生命也就不可能在地球上存活。
(1)句中的without these naturally occurring gases是介词短语作状语， 表示假设， 相当于含蓄虚拟条件， 所以可改为if there were not these naturally occurring gases。除了without 外， 介词短语but for, but that, in case of, or else等，以及表示转折意义的连接词otherwise, or等常用于表示含蓄条件。
(2)句中的leaving the Earth cold and...是现在分词短语作结果状语。“leave＋宾语＋宾补” 的复合结构有：
leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词
leave＋宾语＋介词短语
leave＋宾语＋现在分词
leave＋宾语＋过去分词
①I didn’t know that he was a cheat，or else I wouldn’t have believed him.
我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。
②But for her help, he would have failed.
要不是有她的帮助， 他就会失败了。
现在分词作结果状语， 表示自然而然的结果， 有时在前面加上thus。不定式也可作结果状语， 但通常表示意料之外的结果， 前面通常加上only表示强调。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)A few hours earlier, and you would have seen(see) the famous writer.
(2)You’d better not leave the man waiting(wait) there.
(3)She went on a trip, leaving(leave) half the work unfinished.
(4)An accident happened there, thus causing(cause) the traffic jam.
(5)I went to see him, only to find(find) that he had gone out.
(教材P6)Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence. 考虑到这一数据，人类活动与正在上升的全球温度之间的关联似乎不仅仅是一个巧合。
(1)句中given表示“假如， 考虑到， 鉴于” , 是介词而不是过去分词， 后接名词； 也可作连词， 后接状语从句， 意为：假如， 考虑到， 既然。
(2)considering prep. 考虑到； 既然
seeing (that)．.. 鉴于； 考虑到
provided/providing (that)．.. 如果；假设，
在……条件下
suppose/supposing (that)．.. 假定；假设
Given his young age, the boy did a good job.
鉴于年龄小， 这小男孩干得不错。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Considering(consider) the strength, we did well to score two goals.
(2)Seeing(see) he refused to help us, there’s no reason why we should now help him.
(3)Supposing/Suppose(suppose) you were failing in the coming exam, what should you do?
[学生用书P10]
品句填词
1．Tom sees robots making a positive (贡献) to society.
答案：contribution
2．The racial problem will greatly (威胁) the peace in the Middle East.
答案：threaten
3．The hunter set a (圈套) for the rabbits in the forest.
答案：trap
4．The experts (提倡) higher salaries for teachers.
答案：advocated
5．One misunderstanding I addressed was about social (牺牲)．
答案：sacrifice
6．It’s OK to (代替) vegetable oil for butter.
答案：substitute
7．The worker’s deed was (超出) the call of duty.
答案：beyond
8．Their lack of qualifications (使陷于不幸的境地) them to do a lifetime of boring work.
答案：condemned
9．Consider whether you have all of the (有关的) information.
答案：relevant
10．It was a mere (巧合) that they saw eye to eye on that point.
答案：coincidence
单句改错
1．What did you do when the old man was trapping in the fire？
答案：trapping→trapped
2．I’d like to reserve a table to three people for eight o’clock.
答案：第二个to改为for
3．The soldier saved the child for the sacrifice of his life.
答案：for→at
4．What led the girl to taking up acting as a career？
答案：taking→take
5．The accident condemned him for a life in an armchair.
答案：for→to
完成句子
1．这个年轻人喜欢在夏天开着窗户睡觉。
The young man likes falling asleep in summer.
答案：with the windows open
2．如果得到他的支持， 我想我们会赢得这次选举。
，I think we’ll win the election.
答案：Given his support
3．没有你的帮助， 我们不会按时完成任务的。
Without your help, we the task on time.
答案：wouldn’t have completed
4．你不用时， 不要让发动机开着。
You shouldn’t when you don’t use it.
答案：leave the engine running
5．只要情况允许， 我们下周将举行会议。
circumstances permit, we shall hold the meeting next week.
答案：Provided that
课文语法填空
Can we take the heat?
In the last few decades, scientists 1. (report) that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate, which was considered 2. our control. They claim that in the last 50 years, gases pumped into the Earth’s atmosphere 3. (speed) up the process of global warming and affecting our climate. Global warming, 4. is seen as one of the 5. (big) environmental problems facing the 21st century, is a danger to our lives. The temperature of the Earth 6. (control) by greenhouse gases. When the 7. (present) of these gases in the atmosphere increases, the Earth’s temperature rises. Over the last 100 years, human activities 8. (cause) global warming. If it continues to rise, human beings 9. (suffer) severe consequences. How can we stop these disasters from happening? Governments all over the world have a responsibility to reduce greenhouse gases. Some governments express reservations about 10. global warming is really caused by human activities. Even every average person can play their part. They can make small changes, which can be added up to save our future. After all, there’s no substitute for our Earth.
答案：1.have reported 2.beyond 3.have been speeding 4.which 5.biggest 6.is controlled 7.presence 8.have caused 9.will suffer 10.whether
A卷[学生用书P81(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1． (give) that we were robbed, we could dial 110.
答案：Given
2．But for the rain, they (have) a pleasant journey.
答案：should have had
3．The beauty of the waterfall is beyond (describe)．
答案：description
4．We condemned him his bad conduct.
答案：for
5．Laziness contributed his failure in the exam.
答案：to
6．The receptionist will lead you the meeting room.
答案：to
7．I’m busy.Could you substitute me at the meeting?
答案：for
8．Men’s traditional role in the family would (threat)．
答案：be threatened
9．A number of satellites (be) now circling the earth.
答案：are
10．English is referred to a universal language.
答案：as
阅读理解
After graduating from high school, I still didn’t have much work experience. Without hesitation, I applied for a volunteer position with Canada World Youth. They arranged a team of young women from across Canada to help and learn in Central America. We lived in a small town in the mountains of the Esteli region. We were split into seven pairs and placed with seven different host families. We went through a week of pre-training in Toronto. Though we had received some training, things didn’t go as well as we had expected.
The biggest barrier was language. Many of us were told that our host families would speak English. As such, it was quite a shock to be dropped off at our host family’s home to find they spoke absolutely no English at all. My roommate was from Quebec and she spoke fluent French. No wonder her transition(过渡) to learning Spanish was much easier.
The culture shock was much more evident in Nicaragua, as everything was very different from my home in Canada. My biggest struggle overall was handling illness. My stomach couldn’t handle the changes in food and water, and this，combined with the heat left me feeling very sick for about a week. This was made even more difficult by the fact that I could not properly communicate to my host family what was wrong, or what I needed. They were very kind, regardless of my inability to communicate, and made sure I was feeling better.
Though things were not easy, I learned so much from the people I met. To anyone considering traveling abroad: Just do it! It forces you to leave your comfort zone and step out of your shell. These experiences taught me so much about myself while broadening my world view. These experiences are the reason I have fallen in love with travel.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在中美洲做志愿者时的生活经历。
1．The author applied for a volunteer position because she ．
A．hoped to help poor people
B．needed to practice her language skills
C．wished to learn about different cultures
D．wanted to gain some practical experience
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段I still didn’t have much work experience. Without hesitation, I applied for...可知，作者出于积累实践经验的目的而申请参加了志愿活动。
2．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that in Nicaragua, the author ．
A．didn’t like her host family
B．really enjoyed the local food
C．missed her life back in Canada
D．found it hard to adapt to the new life
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段The culture shock was...different from my home in Canada.及后面作者生病且很难与寄宿家庭沟通等信息可推断，作者发现自己很难适应那里的生活。
3．What does the author think of her stay in Central America?
A．Relaxing. B．Disappointing.
C．Beneficial. D．Special.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的I learned so much from the people I met...broadening my world view.可知，作者认为自己在中美洲的生活经历很有益。
4．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A．Reasons to travel abroad.
B．The volunteer work she did.
C．Her experience living abroad.
D．Some customs in Central America.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知，作者主要讲述了她在国外生活的经历。
完形填空
My daughter had signed an organ donor card, but my husband and I did not know it. We learned about our daughter’s decision after she was 1 injured in a car crash. Doctors 2 on her for 20 hours and couldn’t save her life. Finally, the doctor 3 told us our daughter was brain dead. Did we want to 4 organ donation?
I was already in shock. The 5 of donating my daughter’s organs was another shock and I was 6 about my 15-year-old twin grandsons. They had just lost their mother and we had lost our daughter. The doctor 7 the organ harvesting procedure, but I did not want to hear it.
We 8 to organ donation and signed the legal papers. The twins said their last goodbye to their mother and the images of their sorrow are 9 in my mind until now. Two days later we received a 10 from the organ donor organization. Our daughter’s organs had 11 three lives. Thanks to her generosity, two strangers now see.
Weeks later, we received a certificate from the organ donor organization in 12 of our daughter. The twins received individual certificates and hardly 13 at them. I fully understood their 14 . They did not want any certificates, they wanted their mother 15 and we wanted our daughter.
The sadness associated with organ donation is a 16 thing. First, it makes the ending of death all too clear. Secondly, I find a measure of comfort in the 17 that my daughter was an organ donor. My daughter cared about others and this caring 18 after her death.
Organ donation did not give me a sense of control, 19 it did give me a sense of giving. 20 is more caring than signing an organ donor card. I also know my family will find comfort in my daughter’s generosity.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了一位母亲在女儿因车祸去世并捐献身体器官后的经历和感受。
1．A.partly B．slightly
C．severely D．hardly
C 解析：根据下句语境可知作者的女儿车祸时受了重伤。
2．A.insisted B．turned
C．waited D．operated
D 解析：根据语境，医生为作者的女儿做手术达20小时之久，但未能挽救她的生命。
3．A.in need B．in charge
C．in trouble D．in danger
B 解析：做完手术后，主治医生告诉作者她的女儿已经脑死亡。
4．A.go on with B．compare with
C．mix with D．deal with
A 解析：根据上文语境，既然作者的女儿在器官捐献卡上签过字， 那么下一步就涉及是否继续进行器官捐献。
5．A.knock B．difficulty
C．response D．thought
D 解析：女儿的去世已经让作者悲痛不已，再想到要把女儿的器官捐献出去，这无疑是雪上加霜。
6．A.certain B．pleased
C．worried D．excited
C 解析： 根据语境作者的女儿有两个未成年的双胞胎孩子，为此作者十分担忧。
7．A.described B．learned
C．praised D．regretted
A 解析： 在医生描述器官移植的具体流程时，作者根本没有心思听。
8．A.stuck B．agreed
C．referred D．objected
B 解析：根据下文语境，作者同意捐献女儿的器官。
9．A.cloudy B．unknown
C．dark D．clear
D 解析：在向他们的母亲做最后的道别时，作者的两个外孙十分悲伤，至今作者仍对此情此景记忆犹新。
10．A.call B．passport
C．handbag D．gift
A 解析：作者在两天后收到了来自器官移植机构的一个电话。
11．A.created B．lost
C．saved D．taken
C 解析：根据下文语境，由于作者女儿的慷慨，她拯救了三个人的生命，其中两个陌生人重见光明。
12．A.danger B．recognition
C．search D．case
B 解析：几周之后，作者收到了器官移植机构的一份证书，以表示对作者女儿捐献器官的认可和赞赏。
13．A.laughed B．pointed
C．wondered D．glanced
D 解析：作者的两个外孙也分别收到了器官移植机构的证书，但由于悲伤他们几乎没有心情去看上一眼。
14．A.reaction B．trick
C．decision D．suggestion
A 解析：作者对孩子们的这种反应非常理解。
15．A.away B．off
C．back D．in
C 解析：此时此刻，对孩子们来说，他们不想要什么证书，他们想要他们的妈妈能够回到自己的身边。
16．A.clumsy B．strange
C．popular D．different
B 解析：在器官捐赠时的那种悲痛是捉摸不定的。
17．A.place B．reason
C．cause D．fact
D 解析：作者从女儿是一位捐赠者这一事实中获得一丝安慰。
18．A.continues B．finishes
C．decreases D．begins
A 解析：作者的女儿生前关心他人，通过捐赠器官这一方式，去世后这份关爱仍在继续。
19．A.so B．and
C．but D．because
C 解析：这次器官捐献让作者没有支配的感觉而是一种给予的感觉。
20．A.Anything B．Nothing
C．Something D．Everything
B 解析：作者认为没有什么比在器官捐献卡上签字更能表达一个人的爱心。
B卷[学生用书P83(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
In the movie, The Day After Tomorrow, many climate changes including an ice age are caused by global warming. Much of the science in the movie has been questioned by people. However, there may be some truth to the idea in the movie that global warming could cause an ice age.
The theory starts with an understanding of why Europe and Scandinavia are not colder already. After all, other places at the same latitude(纬度) are covered with ice. The ocean current called the Gulf Stream brings warm waters from the Caribbean to the UK and Europe. These waters warm the countries around their path. This is why the UK, Europe and Scandinavia have a warmer climate than Alaska. Global warming has nothing to do with this. Global warming is significant. It could slow the Gulf Stream, or even stop it. If this were to happen, the cold waters would stay in the area of Europe, the UK, Scandinavia and the North-eastern US. It could mean an ice age for those regions.
Some weaknesses in the Gulf Stream could happen for different reasons. These days, it could happen due to global warming, caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels.
If a new ice age happened, it would probably be caused by the melting of the polar ice. This will lead large quantities of cold and fresh water to come into the ocean, which would disrupt the Gulf Stream and cause the cooling of many areas that now have a mild climate.
Scientists have gathered a lot of data from the oceans and the land to try to determine whether an ice age could be caused by global warming. With all this information at hand, it appears that it is indeed possible that global warming could lead to an ice age.
【解题导语】 本文以一部电影引入话题。讨论了全球变暖现象。分析了英国和欧洲等地暖和的原因； 分析了冰河时代到来的可怕后果， 对人们提出了警告。
1．According to the text, which of the following statement is TRUE?
A．Global warming has created a warmer climate in the UK, Europe and Scandinavia.
B．The Gulf Stream plays an important role in the warm climate of the UK, Europe and Scandinavia.
C．Only the burning of fossil fuels can cause global warming.
D．The climate of Alaska is also affected by the Gulf Stream.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的The ocean current called the Gulf Stream brings warm waters from the Caribbean to the UK and Europe... This is why the UK, Europe and Scandinavia have a warmer climate than Alaska.可知， the Gulf Stream在英国等国家的温暖气候中起着重要作用。故选B项。
2．By saying “Global warming is significant.” the author means the following EXCEPT ．
A．the Gulf Stream will be slowed down or stopped
B．the cold water will stay in the ocean of these areas
C．people don’t have to suffer from cold
D．an ice age is just waiting to happen in some areas
C 解析：细节理解题。根据下文的It could slow the Gulf Stream, or even stop it. If this were to happen, the cold waters would stay in the area of Europe, the UK, Scandinavia and the North-eastern US. It could mean an ice age for those regions. 可知， C项并不在列举的内容里。故选C项。
3．What is the meaning of the underlined word “current” in Paragraph 2?
A．In common or general use.
B．Of the present time.
C．Stream of water.
D．Flow of electricity.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据文中的．..brings warm waters from the Caribbean to the UK and Europe. These waters warm the countries around their path.可知， 此处的画线单词意为：洋流。故选C项。
4．What’s the main purpose of this passage?
A．To warn people of the dangerous effects of global warming.
B．To prove that the polar ice will disappear.
C．To prove that a new ice age is no way to come.
D．To introduce the causes and effects of the Gulf Stream.
A 解析：写作意图题。通过文章的第三段、 第四段和第五段的内容可知， 本文分析了全球变暖现象可能导致的可怕后果， 是为了给人们提出警告。故选A项。
B
Over the years I’ve taught yoga(瑜伽) to every age from 3-year-olds to 90-year-olds. In each class, no matter how old or young, I see an amazing change happen.
Recently, I taught yoga to a group of teenage girls. They were shy at first. Several announced: “Oh, I’m sure I hate yoga” before we even started. I instantly recalled my first yoga class: I was 14 years old. I sat down, having no idea how to do the poses(姿势) correctly. I felt awkward.
However, a door opened for me that day. At the time I had an eating disorder. I ate little every day, and would look in the mirror with disgust(厌恶). And then I came to yoga; I closed my eyes and breathed. That moment I started on a journey of reconnecting with my body. For so long I’d numbed my body as a way to avoid the emotional pain, and in yoga, I began to reconnect.
And fast forward to today, I can proudly say, I don’t look in the mirror with disgust. I actually like my body. I eat in a healthy way, and I have balance. It’s my gift back to the world. Now I get to help others connect with their bodies. I get to help them let out the emotions that we store inside our cells. I help them love their bodies, and love themselves.
I now know that we all have the ability to turn our shadows and struggles into our greatest light. I began to see this period of my life as a gift, appreciating all that it taught me, and I was finally free from the chains. The world would be a pretty amazing place. We’d see love where pain used to be. It all starts with accepting your story rather than pushing it away. You’re not alone in your darkness, and there is so much light on the other side.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己通过练习瑜伽从而从厌食症中解脱出来，接纳自己的过程。
5．How did the author feel about in her first yoga class?
A．She hated it.
B．She felt excited.
C．She felt discouraged.
D．She found it easy to learn.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的I instantly recalled my first yoga class和I felt awkward.可知，作者刚开始学瑜伽的时候没有信心。
6．How did the yoga class influence the author?
A．She lost weight.
B．She became famous.
C．She made many friends.
D．She began to love herself.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的That moment I started on a journey of reconnecting with my body.和第四段中的I don’t look in the mirror with disgust. I actually like my body.可知，作者通过学习瑜伽，学会自爱。
7．What lesson does the author want to tell us?
A．We should be ready to help others.
B．Every cloud has a silver lining.
C．We should accept ourselves.
D．No pains, no gains.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据末段中的It all starts with accepting your story rather than pushing it away.可知，作者通过亲身经历告诉读者一个经验：自爱。
8．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Becoming a Yoga Coach
B．Yoga Is Good for Your Health
C．My Struggle Against an Eating Disorder
D．How to Turn Your Struggle into Your Gift
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本篇文章讲述作者如何从厌食症中解脱出来，重新找到自信，接纳自己的过程，故标题D能恰当概括全文。
七选五
How to Ride a Bicycle in Traffic
Cycling in traffic is something that seems dangerous but can be quite safe as long as you obey the rules of the road and exercise alertness(机敏) and common sense. Here are some tips for you.
Wear a helmet. The wearing of helmets is a requirement in many countries. A helmet won’t prevent accidents. 1. That’s why it’s always safer to wear it when cycling.
Prepare yourself. 2. So always have lights if it is not very bright out, and if you cycle in the evening, reflective clothing is a great idea. The more obvious you are to drivers, the less likely they are to hit you.
3． If you’re an inexperienced cyclist, it is not a good idea to throw yourself in the heavy traffic. Pick some quiet back streets and get used to being around cars and other road traffic. Gradually build up your stamina(耐力) on larger roads by practicing on them on quiet days.
Obey the rules of the road. Always ride with the traffic. Stay off sidewalks, stop for red lights, stop at stop signs, and obey all other traffic signs. Don’t run red lights no matter how many other cyclists do it. 4.
Avoid distractions. If you need to talk on your cellphone, stop and pull over. Don’t listen to an MP3 player or radio. 5. Some cars are very difficult to hear, so you need to pay careful attention to not get run over by them.
A．Carefully pass walkers.
B．Start from the easy streets.
C．Make sure you are comfortable with your bike.
D．Your good habits can help improve others’ safety awareness.
E．Most accidents happen when drivers haven’t noticed a cyclist.
F．These will affect your ability to hear cars coming up behind you.
G．But it can save you from serious head injuries if you are in an accident.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何在车流中安全骑行。
1．G 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。前一句提到头盔不会阻止车祸的发生，后一句指出戴头盔骑行更安全，可知此空应使用转折语气指出戴头盔的好处。
2．E 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句，引出下文。下文提到如何保持显眼以免被车撞，可推测此空应指出骑行时保持显眼的原因。
3．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。后文提到练习骑行要从小街道开始适应再到大路上练习，说明骑车时要先从容易的街道开始。
4．D 解析：此空设于段尾，与上文相呼应。上文告诉骑车者要遵守交通规则，不要跟随其他闯红灯的车骑行，可推测此空应指出这样做的好处。
5．F 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。上文提到不要在骑行时打电话、听音乐及广播，下文提到需要保持专注以免发生车祸，可推测此空应指出骑行时分心的危害。
短文改错
I am in a local hamburger shop today when a couple of teenagers came in order some hamburgers. They each ordered a small hamburger for themselves. On addition, they each ordered three large hamburgers to be delivered to the fire department, that was having a training night. They asked the delivery person to include a note thanking the member of the fire department. They had written the note in person before come to the shop. They all wanted to thank those brave men for helping our friend when he was in a seriously accident. Though actual I didn’t know these teenagers, but I was proud of them.
答案：
I in a local hamburger shop today when a couple of teenagers came in order some hamburgers. They each ordered a small hamburger for themselves. addition, they each ordered three large hamburgers to be delivered to the fire department, was having a training night. They asked the delivery person to include a note thanking the of the fire department. They had written the note in person before to the shop. They all wanted to thank those brave men for helping friend when he was in a accident. Though I didn’t know these teenagers, I was proud of them.
课件61张PPT。Unit 22 Environmental Protectiontrap principle beyond coincidence condemn sacrifice advocate recycle hurricane botanical reserve corrupt conservation relevant threaten a number of beyond one’s controllook aheadin turnlead totake actionahead ofspeed upseen as beyondour controlwould bounce back into space leaving the Earth coldwith half of thisincrease occurring since 1960Given this datawhether global warming is really caused by human activitiestrappingtrapping→trappedwas trapped into buyingReturning home, she found herself trapped into buying the useless medicineswithout is reservedreservationbeyond beyond recognitionbeyond descriptiontorelevantlyrelevanceto参考涉及提及to as in by readingleadingseeingto to spendto lookfor of for with for would have seenwaitingleavingcausingto findConsideringSeeingSupposing/Suppose本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Tom sees robots making a positive (贡献) to society.
答案：contribution
2．The racial problem will greatly (威胁) the peace in the Middle East.
答案：threaten
3．The hunter set a (圈套) for the rabbits in the forest.
答案：trap
4．The experts (提倡) higher salaries for teachers.
答案：advocated
5．One misunderstanding I addressed was about social (牺牲)．
答案：sacrifice
6．It’s OK to (代替) vegetable oil for butter.
答案：substitute
7．The worker’s deed was (超出) the call of duty.
答案：beyond
8．Their lack of qualifications (使陷于不幸的境地) them to do a lifetime of boring work.
答案：condemned
9．Consider whether you have all of the (有关的) information.
答案：relevant
10．It was a mere (巧合) that they saw eye to eye on that point.
答案：coincidence
单句改错
1．What did you do when the old man was trapping in the fire？
答案：trapping→trapped
2．I’d like to reserve a table to three people for eight o’clock.
答案：第二个to改为for
3．The soldier saved the child for the sacrifice of his life.
答案：for→at
4．What led the girl to taking up acting as a career？
答案：taking→take
5．The accident condemned him for a life in an armchair.
答案：for→to
完成句子
1．这个年轻人喜欢在夏天开着窗户睡觉。
The young man likes falling asleep in summer.
答案：with the windows open
2．如果得到他的支持， 我想我们会赢得这次选举。
，I think we’ll win the election.
答案：Given his support
3．没有你的帮助， 我们不会按时完成任务的。
Without your help, we the task on time.
答案：wouldn’t have completed
4．你不用时， 不要让发动机开着。
You shouldn’t when you don’t use it.
答案：leave the engine running
5．只要情况允许， 我们下周将举行会议。
circumstances permit, we shall hold the meeting next week.
答案：Provided that
课文语法填空
Can we take the heat?
In the last few decades, scientists 1. (report) that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate, which was considered 2. our control. They claim that in the last 50 years, gases pumped into the Earth’s atmosphere 3. (speed) up the process of global warming and affecting our climate. Global warming, 4. is seen as one of the 5. (big) environmental problems facing the 21st century, is a danger to our lives. The temperature of the Earth 6. (control) by greenhouse gases. When the 7. (present) of these gases in the atmosphere increases, the Earth’s temperature rises. Over the last 100 years, human activities 8. (cause) global warming. If it continues to rise, human beings 9. (suffer) severe consequences. How can we stop these disasters from happening? Governments all over the world have a responsibility to reduce greenhouse gases. Some governments express reservations about 10. global warming is really caused by human activities. Even every average person can play their part. They can make small changes, which can be added up to save our future. After all, there’s no substitute for our Earth.
答案：1.have reported 2.beyond 3.have been speeding 4.which 5.biggest 6.is controlled 7.presence 8.have caused 9.will suffer 10.whether
A卷
单句语法填空
1． (give) that we were robbed, we could dial 110.
答案：Given
2．But for the rain, they (have) a pleasant journey.
答案：should have had
3．The beauty of the waterfall is beyond (describe)．
答案：description
4．We condemned him his bad conduct.
答案：for
5．Laziness contributed his failure in the exam.
答案：to
6．The receptionist will lead you the meeting room.
答案：to
7．I’m busy.Could you substitute me at the meeting?
答案：for
8．Men’s traditional role in the family would (threat)．
答案：be threatened
9．A number of satellites (be) now circling the earth.
答案：are
10．English is referred to a universal language.
答案：as
阅读理解
After graduating from high school, I still didn’t have much work experience. Without hesitation, I applied for a volunteer position with Canada World Youth. They arranged a team of young women from across Canada to help and learn in Central America. We lived in a small town in the mountains of the Esteli region. We were split into seven pairs and placed with seven different host families. We went through a week of pre-training in Toronto. Though we had received some training, things didn’t go as well as we had expected.
The biggest barrier was language. Many of us were told that our host families would speak English. As such, it was quite a shock to be dropped off at our host family’s home to find they spoke absolutely no English at all. My roommate was from Quebec and she spoke fluent French. No wonder her transition(过渡) to learning Spanish was much easier.
The culture shock was much more evident in Nicaragua, as everything was very different from my home in Canada. My biggest struggle overall was handling illness. My stomach couldn’t handle the changes in food and water, and this，combined with the heat left me feeling very sick for about a week. This was made even more difficult by the fact that I could not properly communicate to my host family what was wrong, or what I needed. They were very kind, regardless of my inability to communicate, and made sure I was feeling better.
Though things were not easy, I learned so much from the people I met. To anyone considering traveling abroad: Just do it! It forces you to leave your comfort zone and step out of your shell. These experiences taught me so much about myself while broadening my world view. These experiences are the reason I have fallen in love with travel.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在中美洲做志愿者时的生活经历。
1．The author applied for a volunteer position because she ．
A．hoped to help poor people
B．needed to practice her language skills
C．wished to learn about different cultures
D．wanted to gain some practical experience
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段I still didn’t have much work experience. Without hesitation, I applied for...可知，作者出于积累实践经验的目的而申请参加了志愿活动。
2．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that in Nicaragua, the author ．
A．didn’t like her host family
B．really enjoyed the local food
C．missed her life back in Canada
D．found it hard to adapt to the new life
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段The culture shock was...different from my home in Canada.及后面作者生病且很难与寄宿家庭沟通等信息可推断，作者发现自己很难适应那里的生活。
3．What does the author think of her stay in Central America?
A．Relaxing. B．Disappointing.
C．Beneficial. D．Special.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的I learned so much from the people I met...broadening my world view.可知，作者认为自己在中美洲的生活经历很有益。
4．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A．Reasons to travel abroad.
B．The volunteer work she did.
C．Her experience living abroad.
D．Some customs in Central America.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章大意可知，作者主要讲述了她在国外生活的经历。
完形填空
My daughter had signed an organ donor card, but my husband and I did not know it. We learned about our daughter’s decision after she was 1 injured in a car crash. Doctors 2 on her for 20 hours and couldn’t save her life. Finally, the doctor 3 told us our daughter was brain dead. Did we want to 4 organ donation?
I was already in shock. The 5 of donating my daughter’s organs was another shock and I was 6 about my 15-year-old twin grandsons. They had just lost their mother and we had lost our daughter. The doctor 7 the organ harvesting procedure, but I did not want to hear it.
We 8 to organ donation and signed the legal papers. The twins said their last goodbye to their mother and the images of their sorrow are 9 in my mind until now. Two days later we received a 10 from the organ donor organization. Our daughter’s organs had 11 three lives. Thanks to her generosity, two strangers now see.
Weeks later, we received a certificate from the organ donor organization in 12 of our daughter. The twins received individual certificates and hardly 13 at them. I fully understood their 14 . They did not want any certificates, they wanted their mother 15 and we wanted our daughter.
The sadness associated with organ donation is a 16 thing. First, it makes the ending of death all too clear. Secondly, I find a measure of comfort in the 17 that my daughter was an organ donor. My daughter cared about others and this caring 18 after her death.
Organ donation did not give me a sense of control, 19 it did give me a sense of giving. 20 is more caring than signing an organ donor card. I also know my family will find comfort in my daughter’s generosity.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了一位母亲在女儿因车祸去世并捐献身体器官后的经历和感受。
1．A.partly B．slightly
C．severely D．hardly
C 解析：根据下句语境可知作者的女儿车祸时受了重伤。
2．A.insisted B．turned
C．waited D．operated
D 解析：根据语境，医生为作者的女儿做手术达20小时之久，但未能挽救她的生命。
3．A.in need B．in charge
C．in trouble D．in danger
B 解析：做完手术后，主治医生告诉作者她的女儿已经脑死亡。
4．A.go on with B．compare with
C．mix with D．deal with
A 解析：根据上文语境，既然作者的女儿在器官捐献卡上签过字， 那么下一步就涉及是否继续进行器官捐献。
5．A.knock B．difficulty
C．response D．thought
D 解析：女儿的去世已经让作者悲痛不已，再想到要把女儿的器官捐献出去，这无疑是雪上加霜。
6．A.certain B．pleased
C．worried D．excited
C 解析： 根据语境作者的女儿有两个未成年的双胞胎孩子，为此作者十分担忧。
7．A.described B．learned
C．praised D．regretted
A 解析： 在医生描述器官移植的具体流程时，作者根本没有心思听。
8．A.stuck B．agreed
C．referred D．objected
B 解析：根据下文语境，作者同意捐献女儿的器官。
9．A.cloudy B．unknown
C．dark D．clear
D 解析：在向他们的母亲做最后的道别时，作者的两个外孙十分悲伤，至今作者仍对此情此景记忆犹新。
10．A.call B．passport
C．handbag D．gift
A 解析：作者在两天后收到了来自器官移植机构的一个电话。
11．A.created B．lost
C．saved D．taken
C 解析：根据下文语境，由于作者女儿的慷慨，她拯救了三个人的生命，其中两个陌生人重见光明。
12．A.danger B．recognition
C．search D．case
B 解析：几周之后，作者收到了器官移植机构的一份证书，以表示对作者女儿捐献器官的认可和赞赏。
13．A.laughed B．pointed
C．wondered D．glanced
D 解析：作者的两个外孙也分别收到了器官移植机构的证书，但由于悲伤他们几乎没有心情去看上一眼。
14．A.reaction B．trick
C．decision D．suggestion
A 解析：作者对孩子们的这种反应非常理解。
15．A.away B．off
C．back D．in
C 解析：此时此刻，对孩子们来说，他们不想要什么证书，他们想要他们的妈妈能够回到自己的身边。
16．A.clumsy B．strange
C．popular D．different
B 解析：在器官捐赠时的那种悲痛是捉摸不定的。
17．A.place B．reason
C．cause D．fact
D 解析：作者从女儿是一位捐赠者这一事实中获得一丝安慰。
18．A.continues B．finishes
C．decreases D．begins
A 解析：作者的女儿生前关心他人，通过捐赠器官这一方式，去世后这份关爱仍在继续。
19．A.so B．and
C．but D．because
C 解析：这次器官捐献让作者没有支配的感觉而是一种给予的感觉。
20．A.Anything B．Nothing
C．Something D．Everything
B 解析：作者认为没有什么比在器官捐献卡上签字更能表达一个人的爱心。
B卷
阅读理解
A
In the movie, The Day After Tomorrow, many climate changes including an ice age are caused by global warming. Much of the science in the movie has been questioned by people. However, there may be some truth to the idea in the movie that global warming could cause an ice age.
The theory starts with an understanding of why Europe and Scandinavia are not colder already. After all, other places at the same latitude(纬度) are covered with ice. The ocean current called the Gulf Stream brings warm waters from the Caribbean to the UK and Europe. These waters warm the countries around their path. This is why the UK, Europe and Scandinavia have a warmer climate than Alaska. Global warming has nothing to do with this. Global warming is significant. It could slow the Gulf Stream, or even stop it. If this were to happen, the cold waters would stay in the area of Europe, the UK, Scandinavia and the North-eastern US. It could mean an ice age for those regions.
Some weaknesses in the Gulf Stream could happen for different reasons. These days, it could happen due to global warming, caused by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels.
If a new ice age happened, it would probably be caused by the melting of the polar ice. This will lead large quantities of cold and fresh water to come into the ocean, which would disrupt the Gulf Stream and cause the cooling of many areas that now have a mild climate.
Scientists have gathered a lot of data from the oceans and the land to try to determine whether an ice age could be caused by global warming. With all this information at hand, it appears that it is indeed possible that global warming could lead to an ice age.
【解题导语】 本文以一部电影引入话题。讨论了全球变暖现象。分析了英国和欧洲等地暖和的原因； 分析了冰河时代到来的可怕后果， 对人们提出了警告。
1．According to the text, which of the following statement is TRUE?
A．Global warming has created a warmer climate in the UK, Europe and Scandinavia.
B．The Gulf Stream plays an important role in the warm climate of the UK, Europe and Scandinavia.
C．Only the burning of fossil fuels can cause global warming.
D．The climate of Alaska is also affected by the Gulf Stream.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的The ocean current called the Gulf Stream brings warm waters from the Caribbean to the UK and Europe... This is why the UK, Europe and Scandinavia have a warmer climate than Alaska.可知， the Gulf Stream在英国等国家的温暖气候中起着重要作用。故选B项。
2．By saying “Global warming is significant.” the author means the following EXCEPT ．
A．the Gulf Stream will be slowed down or stopped
B．the cold water will stay in the ocean of these areas
C．people don’t have to suffer from cold
D．an ice age is just waiting to happen in some areas
C 解析：细节理解题。根据下文的It could slow the Gulf Stream, or even stop it. If this were to happen, the cold waters would stay in the area of Europe, the UK, Scandinavia and the North-eastern US. It could mean an ice age for those regions. 可知， C项并不在列举的内容里。故选C项。
3．What is the meaning of the underlined word “current” in Paragraph 2?
A．In common or general use.
B．Of the present time.
C．Stream of water.
D．Flow of electricity.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据文中的．..brings warm waters from the Caribbean to the UK and Europe. These waters warm the countries around their path.可知， 此处的画线单词意为：洋流。故选C项。
4．What’s the main purpose of this passage?
A．To warn people of the dangerous effects of global warming.
B．To prove that the polar ice will disappear.
C．To prove that a new ice age is no way to come.
D．To introduce the causes and effects of the Gulf Stream.
A 解析：写作意图题。通过文章的第三段、 第四段和第五段的内容可知， 本文分析了全球变暖现象可能导致的可怕后果， 是为了给人们提出警告。故选A项。
B
Over the years I’ve taught yoga(瑜伽) to every age from 3-year-olds to 90-year-olds. In each class, no matter how old or young, I see an amazing change happen.
Recently, I taught yoga to a group of teenage girls. They were shy at first. Several announced: “Oh, I’m sure I hate yoga” before we even started. I instantly recalled my first yoga class: I was 14 years old. I sat down, having no idea how to do the poses(姿势) correctly. I felt awkward.
However, a door opened for me that day. At the time I had an eating disorder. I ate little every day, and would look in the mirror with disgust(厌恶). And then I came to yoga; I closed my eyes and breathed. That moment I started on a journey of reconnecting with my body. For so long I’d numbed my body as a way to avoid the emotional pain, and in yoga, I began to reconnect.
And fast forward to today, I can proudly say, I don’t look in the mirror with disgust. I actually like my body. I eat in a healthy way, and I have balance. It’s my gift back to the world. Now I get to help others connect with their bodies. I get to help them let out the emotions that we store inside our cells. I help them love their bodies, and love themselves.
I now know that we all have the ability to turn our shadows and struggles into our greatest light. I began to see this period of my life as a gift, appreciating all that it taught me, and I was finally free from the chains. The world would be a pretty amazing place. We’d see love where pain used to be. It all starts with accepting your story rather than pushing it away. You’re not alone in your darkness, and there is so much light on the other side.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己通过练习瑜伽从而从厌食症中解脱出来，接纳自己的过程。
5．How did the author feel about in her first yoga class?
A．She hated it.
B．She felt excited.
C．She felt discouraged.
D．She found it easy to learn.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的I instantly recalled my first yoga class和I felt awkward.可知，作者刚开始学瑜伽的时候没有信心。
6．How did the yoga class influence the author?
A．She lost weight.
B．She became famous.
C．She made many friends.
D．She began to love herself.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的That moment I started on a journey of reconnecting with my body.和第四段中的I don’t look in the mirror with disgust. I actually like my body.可知，作者通过学习瑜伽，学会自爱。
7．What lesson does the author want to tell us?
A．We should be ready to help others.
B．Every cloud has a silver lining.
C．We should accept ourselves.
D．No pains, no gains.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据末段中的It all starts with accepting your story rather than pushing it away.可知，作者通过亲身经历告诉读者一个经验：自爱。
8．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Becoming a Yoga Coach
B．Yoga Is Good for Your Health
C．My Struggle Against an Eating Disorder
D．How to Turn Your Struggle into Your Gift
D 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本篇文章讲述作者如何从厌食症中解脱出来，重新找到自信，接纳自己的过程，故标题D能恰当概括全文。
七选五
How to Ride a Bicycle in Traffic
Cycling in traffic is something that seems dangerous but can be quite safe as long as you obey the rules of the road and exercise alertness(机敏) and common sense. Here are some tips for you.
Wear a helmet. The wearing of helmets is a requirement in many countries. A helmet won’t prevent accidents. 1. That’s why it’s always safer to wear it when cycling.
Prepare yourself. 2. So always have lights if it is not very bright out, and if you cycle in the evening, reflective clothing is a great idea. The more obvious you are to drivers, the less likely they are to hit you.
3． If you’re an inexperienced cyclist, it is not a good idea to throw yourself in the heavy traffic. Pick some quiet back streets and get used to being around cars and other road traffic. Gradually build up your stamina(耐力) on larger roads by practicing on them on quiet days.
Obey the rules of the road. Always ride with the traffic. Stay off sidewalks, stop for red lights, stop at stop signs, and obey all other traffic signs. Don’t run red lights no matter how many other cyclists do it. 4.
Avoid distractions. If you need to talk on your cellphone, stop and pull over. Don’t listen to an MP3 player or radio. 5. Some cars are very difficult to hear, so you need to pay careful attention to not get run over by them.
A．Carefully pass walkers.
B．Start from the easy streets.
C．Make sure you are comfortable with your bike.
D．Your good habits can help improve others’ safety awareness.
E．Most accidents happen when drivers haven’t noticed a cyclist.
F．These will affect your ability to hear cars coming up behind you.
G．But it can save you from serious head injuries if you are in an accident.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何在车流中安全骑行。
1．G 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。前一句提到头盔不会阻止车祸的发生，后一句指出戴头盔骑行更安全，可知此空应使用转折语气指出戴头盔的好处。
2．E 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句，引出下文。下文提到如何保持显眼以免被车撞，可推测此空应指出骑行时保持显眼的原因。
3．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。后文提到练习骑行要从小街道开始适应再到大路上练习，说明骑车时要先从容易的街道开始。
4．D 解析：此空设于段尾，与上文相呼应。上文告诉骑车者要遵守交通规则，不要跟随其他闯红灯的车骑行，可推测此空应指出这样做的好处。
5．F 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。上文提到不要在骑行时打电话、听音乐及广播，下文提到需要保持专注以免发生车祸，可推测此空应指出骑行时分心的危害。
短文改错
I am in a local hamburger shop today when a couple of teenagers came in order some hamburgers. They each ordered a small hamburger for themselves. On addition, they each ordered three large hamburgers to be delivered to the fire department, that was having a training night. They asked the delivery person to include a note thanking the member of the fire department. They had written the note in person before come to the shop. They all wanted to thank those brave men for helping our friend when he was in a seriously accident. Though actual I didn’t know these teenagers, but I was proud of them.
答案：
I in a local hamburger shop today when a couple of teenagers came in order some hamburgers. They each ordered a small hamburger for themselves. addition, they each ordered three large hamburgers to be delivered to the fire department, was having a training night. They asked the delivery person to include a note thanking the of the fire department. They had written the note in person before to the shop. They all wanted to thank those brave men for helping friend when he was in a accident. Though I didn’t know these teenagers, I was proud of them.
Section Ⅲ Lesson 2 & Lesson 3
[学生用书P11]
Nature is turning on us
The last few years have seen① environmental disasters on a grand②scale③， and experts are predicting far worse to come. Jin Li reports on our Earth’s changeable④ weather patterns.
A
In the last decade, thunderstorms⑤， floods, earthquakes, typhoons⑥， volcanic eruptions, tsunamis⑦ and forest fires have become increasingly⑧ common. There has been terrible flooding in Asia, Africa, America and Oceania. Even Europe has suffered and large areas have been underwater. Storms have been getting⑨ worse everywhere too, with a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US⑩， and Central America. Reduced rainfall? has affected large areas of Africa for years leaving irrigation? canals dry and many other zones are becoming drier. For example, the Yellow River, once famous for flooding?， failed to reach the sea at all for 226 days in 1997.A number of? nations have already been in armed? conflict? over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in? huge forest fires.
B
Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes have always been a threat? in certain parts of the world. A volcanic eruption nearly wiped out? the small island of Montserrat in 1997，and there have been serious earthquakes in many parts of Asia, Europe and South America. In the last three years, Indonesia has had a rough? time, suffering several killer quakes( and it is still recovering from the Asian tsunami caused by an offshore(earthquake on December 26th, 2004(. The tsunami killed 132，000 Indonesians and another 100，000 people of other nationalities. This catastrophe( is still very fresh in the minds of people worldwide who have not yet got over( their separation( from loved ones lost in the tsunami(.
C
So why is nature beginning to turn on( us？One answer is overpopulation. The population of the world is growing at the disturbing rate of( 10，000 people an hour，nearly 90 million a year, with most of the growth in the developing world.People in agricultural areas, without any means( to earn their living(, move to the cities，and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find( on poor clay( soil.These homes, seldom made of bricks(, can easily fall down( in earthquakes or slip( and slide( downhill in landslides, especially in mountainous( areas. On top of that, add global warming.This has mainly been caused by the huge amounts of carbon dioxide produced by factories and vehicles，and the destruction of the world’s forests(. As a result(, a hotter ocean causes more powerful winds.Atlantic hurricanes—their howling( winds with speeds of over 300 kilometres an hour—are 40% stronger now than they were 30 years ago.
D
Volcanoes and earthquakes are even more dangerous than in the past as around half the world’s population now lives in cities(. There are more than 300 active volcanoes, about fifty of which erupt each year(, and more than 500 million people now live within the range of( a volcanic eruption.Because these natural disasters occur at random( times, it is difficult to warn people in advance(. In May 2006，thousands of Indonesians living near Mt Merapi( (which means mountain of fire) had to flee( as they thought it was about to erupt.An even greater number of people live at risk(, to some degree(, from earthquakes which have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years(.
E
Most disaster experts believe there is the potential( that things could get a lot worse(. Professor Hou Ming, of Beijing University studies volcanoes and he warns that the world has not seen the worst nature can do.The worst eruption in human history was probably Mt Tambora in 1815, in Indonesia.Dust( from the volcano rolled( across the Earth’s skies and pretty much cancelled the following summer in Europe and America.But evidence shows that 73，000 years ago there was a much greater eruption.“It reduced temperatures by maybe 6℃ in some places and the whole planet was sent into winter for years.And there are about two of these events every 100，000 years ...”
①see vt.见证；经历，常用物作主语。
②grand [ɡr?nd] adj.巨大的
③scale [ske?l] n．规模，范围；on a large/grand scale大规模的
④changeable ['t?e?nd??b?l] adj.多变的
⑤thunderstorm ['θ?nd?st??m] n．雷暴，雷雨
⑥typhoon [?ta?'fu?n] n．台风
⑦tsunami [ts?'nɑ?m?] n．海啸
⑧increasingly adv.越来越多地，相当于more and more。
⑨此处是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直到现在的动作。
⑩此处是with复合结构，其中现在分词作宾补。
?rainfall ['re?nf??l] n．降雨量
?irrigation [??r?'ɡe???n] n．灌溉
?此处是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰the Yellow River。
?a number of 许多，后接可数名词复数。
?arm [ɑ?m] vt.武装；armed adj.武装的
?conflict n．冲突；战斗；be in conflict有冲突
?result in 导致；result from因为
?threat n．威胁；恐吓
?wipe out彻底毁灭；除去
?rough [r?f] adj.艰难的
quake [kwe?k] n．地震
此处是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
offshore [??f'???] adj.在近海岸的
此处的caused by...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰tsunami。
catastrophe [k?'t?str?f?] n．巨大的灾难
get over克服
separation [?sep?'re???n] n．分离，分开
此处的lost in the tsunami作后置定语，修饰ones。该从句是who引导的定语从句，修饰people。
turn on突然攻击
at the rate of...以……的速度；disturbing adj.令人不安的
means [mi?nz] n．方法(单复数同形)
earn one’s living 谋生
此处的whatever引导宾语从句，作介词from的宾语。
clay [kle?] n．黏土
brick [br?k] n．砖，砖块
fall down倒下
slip [sl?p] vi.滑落
slide [sla?d] vi.滑行
mountainous ['ma?nt?n?s] adj.多山的
此处的produced by...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰carbon dioxide。
as a result结果
howl [ha?l] vi.咆哮，怒吼
此处的as引导原因状语从句。
此处是“数词＋ of which”引导定语从句，修饰volcanoes。
within the range of...在……的范围之内
random adj. 随意地
in advance 提前
此处的living near...是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰Indonesians。
flee [fli?] vt.&vi.逃走
at risk处于危险中
to some degree 在某种程度上
此处的which引导定语从句，修饰earthquakes。
potential [p?'ten??l] n．可能性，潜在性
此处的that引导同位语从句，说明了potential的具体内容。
dust [d?st] n．尘土，灰尘
roll [r??l] vi.(平稳地)移动，滚动
大自然正在报复我们
在过去的几年里人们已经见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将到来。金莉报道了关于地球多变天气的模式。
A
在过去十年里，雷雨、洪水、地震、台风、火山爆发、海啸和森林火灾变得越来越频繁。亚洲、非洲、美洲和大洋洲都发生过非常严重的洪涝灾害。甚至欧洲也遭受了损失，大片地区已被淹没。暴风雨愈发肆虐，越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。多年来降雨量减少影响了非洲的大片地区，使得灌溉渠道干涸，而许多其他地方则变得更加干旱。例如，曾经因洪水而闻名的黄河，在1997年中有226天没有到达大海。有些国家已经因为水的问题而发生武装冲突，而美国西部由于降水减少已经导致了森林火灾。
B
火山爆发和地震对世界上某些地区一直构成威胁。1997年的一次火山爆发几乎抹去了蒙特塞拉特这个小岛，而亚洲、欧洲和南美洲很多地方都发生了大地震。在过去的三年里，印度尼西亚饱受自然灾害之苦，它遭受了几次致命的地震，至今未能从2004年12月26日发生的亚洲海啸所造成的创伤中恢复过来，那次海啸是由一次近海地震引起的。它使132 000个印尼人和100 000个其他不同国籍的人丧生。在世界许多人的心目中，这场灾难仍然记忆犹新。他们还没有从与海啸中丧生的亲人分离的打击中恢复过来。
C
那么，为什么大自然开始和我们过不去呢？ 一个答案是人口过剩。世界人口正在以令人不安的每小时10 000人的速度增加，每年(增长)接近9 000万人，而大多数新增长的人口来自发展中国家。农业地区的人们因为没有办法谋生而流向城市。然后，他们在贫瘠的土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。这些房屋很少是由砖块制成，很容易在地震中倒塌或者在山体滑坡时滑下山坡，特别是在山区。除此之外，还有全球变暖。这主要是由工厂和汽车所排放的大量二氧化碳以及世界上的森林遭到破坏引起的。结果，温度升高了的海洋产生更加猛烈的风。大西洋飓风——它们咆哮的风速超过每小时300千米——比30年前的强度增加了40%。
D
因为现在世界上约一半人口生活在城市里，火山和地震带来的危害比过去更加严重。300多座活火山中大约有50座火山每年都要喷发，有5亿多人现在生活在火山喷发的范围之内。由于这些自然灾害不定时发生，所以很难提前警告人们。2006年5月，住在默拉皮山(意思是“火之山”)附近的成千上万的印尼人不得不逃离家园，因为他们认为火山要喷发了。从某种程度上说，有更多的人生活在地震的危险中，在过去的几百年间，地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。
E
大多数研究灾难的专家认为情况可能会变得更加糟糕。北京大学的火山专家侯明教授警告人们，自然对人类的最大灾难还没有降临。人类历史上最大的火山爆发可能要数1815年印度尼西亚博拉火山的爆发。来自火山的尘埃席卷了地球的上空，以至于第二年欧洲和美洲都没有了夏天。但有数据表明，73 000年前有一次大得多的火山爆发。“它使某些地方的气温降低了大概6摄氏度，整个地球多年中都陷入冬季，而每隔10万年就有大约两次这样的事件……”
[学生用书P13]
Read the passage on P10 and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the reporter’s attitude towards our future?
A．Worried.
B．Optimistic.
C．Doubtful.
D．Unconcerned.
2．Which of the following is NOT right?
A．Large areas of Africa are becoming drier.
B．A growing number of hurricanes have struck the U．S.
C．Many armed conflicts happened in many countries because of lack of water.
D．Reduced rainfall in the east of America has caused huge forest fires.
3．The reason why nature is beginning to turn on us is that ．
A．the growing population of the world
B．the destruction of the forest
C．the huge amount of carbon dioxide produced by factories and vehicles
D．all of the above
4．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．Many disaster experts believe that things could get a lot worse.
B．Many countries have suffered great loss because of the natural disasters.
C．Many countries have taken measures to fight against nature.
D．The environmental disasters are partly due to the human activities.
答案：1—4.ADDC
[学生用书P14]
1．seize vt. 依法没收； (用武力)夺取
2．behalf n. 代表
3．grand adj. 巨大的
4．arm vt. 武装
5．means n. 方法
6．slip vi. 滑落
7．slide vi. 滑行
8．flee vi.& vt. 逃走
9．potential n. 可能性， 潜在性
10．changeable adj.多变的→change vt. 改变
11．irrigation n. 灌溉→irrigate v. 灌溉
12．rough adj.艰难的→roughly adv. 粗略地
13．separation n．分离， 分开→separate v．使分离
14．construct vt. 建造→construction n. 建造
15．mountainous adj.多山的→mountain n. 山
1．apart from 除……以外
2．answer for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任
3．call for an end to sth. 要求结束……
4．wrap up 结束
5．on somebody’s behalf 代表……
6．carry off 掠去， 夺走
7．all in all 总的来说
8．result in 导致
1．虚拟语气和whatever引导的主语从句
If all the beasts were gone, men would die from(就会死于) a great loneliness of spirit, for whatever happens to the beasts(发生在动物身上的事) also happens to the man.
2．时间作主语表示见证
The last few years have seen(在过去的几年里人们已经见证了) environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.
3．with复合结构
Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with a growing number of hurricanes hitting(越来越多的飓风袭击) the US, and Central America.
4．to some degree作插入语
An even greater number of people live at risk, to some degree(从某种程度上说), from earthquakes which have claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.
5．that引导同位语从句
Most disaster experts believe there is the potential that things could get a lot worse(情况可能会变得更加糟糕)．
[学生用书P14]
①(教材P132)Apart from the few found in zoos, pandas live only in the central bamboo forests of mainland China.
除了在动物园看到的几只外， 熊猫只生活在中国大陆的竹林里。
②Apart from his nose, he’s quite good-looking.
他除了鼻子外， 其他都很好看。
take apart 拆卸
tell...apart 区分， 分辨
tear...apart 撕裂
fall apart 土崩瓦解； 散架
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)除了几处语法错误之外， 你这篇作文写得不错。
Apart from a few grammatical mistakes, this composition of yours is well written.
(2)罗布喜欢拆钟表， 然而他从来都不能把它们再组装起来。
Rob loves taking apart clocks. However, he never manages to put them together again.
(3)这兄弟俩长得太像了， 连他们的母亲都难以辨别。
The two brothers are so much alike that their mother can hardly tell them apart．
seize vt.依法没收； 扣押； 抓住； 夺取； 攻占； 理解
①(教材P132) Every year police seize bags of tiger parts and arrest illegal hunters but sadly, many never get caught.
警方每年都会缴获大量的虎制品， 并逮捕非法的狩猎者， 不幸的是， 很多未被抓到。
②The elephant seized a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.
大象抓住了附近的一个树枝并把它放到嘴里。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中seize的含义
(1)The enemy seized the city after a violent attack. 攻占
(2)I can’t quite seize what you said just now. 理解
(3)If you don’t pay your debt, your property will be seized. 没收
seize the chance 抓住机会
seize sb. by the＋身体部位 抓住某人的某个部位
be seized with... 受到……侵袭
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)他决定抓住机会向她求婚。
He decided to seize the chance and ask her to marry him.
(2)警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。
The policeman seized the thief by the arm．
(3)这个孩子昨天晚上生病了。
The child was seized with an illness last night.
call for an end to sth. 要求结束某事
①(教材P132)To save these beautiful animals, we need to call for an end to illegal hunting...
为了挽救这些美丽的动物， 我们需要结束违法捕猎……
②People all over the world call for an end to war and long for peace.
全世界的人要求结束战争， 渴望和平。
call back 召唤某人回来； 再访； 回电话
call for 需要， 要求； 接(人或物)
call in 邀请； 请来； 收回
call on 拜访(人); 号召
call off 取消
call out 叫喊， 大声地说
call up 使回忆起； 打电话
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)This kind of job calls for patience and determination.
(2)I’ll be out for some time. In case anything important happens, call me up immediately.
carry off 成功地对付； 夺去……的生命； 获得(奖品等)
①(教材P132)．..and sometimes carry off farm animals.
……并且有时夺去家畜。
②John carried off all the prizes in the contest.
约翰获得了比赛的全部奖品。
carry on 继续下去， 坚持下去； 从事， 开展
carry out 执行， 贯彻， 完成
carry over 使继续下去； 使延伸
carry through 实现， 完成， 使渡过难关
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Henry wants to carry on a business himself.
(2)They will carry out their plan with steel determination.
(3)Ten days later, he carried through the work.
all in all 总的来说； 从各方面考虑
①(教材P133)Well, all in all, if we help protect...
总的来说， 如果我们帮助保护……
②All in all it had been a great success.
总的说来， 那是个极大的成功。
in all 总共
at all 根本； 究竟
not at all 一点也不
above all 最重要的是
after all 毕竟
first of all 首先
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)他虽有缺点， 但总的说来， 他是一个好帮手。
He has his faults, but, all in all, he is a good helper.
(2)一定不要丧失信心。最重要的是， 我们要相信自己。
Never lose heart. Above all, we must believe in ourselves.
(3)别再责备他了。毕竟， 他不是故意这样做的。
Don’t blame him any more. After all, he didn’t do it on purpose.
(4)首先， 我要欢迎你们来参加这次会议。
First of all, I’d like to welcome you to the meeting.
arm vt.武装
①(教材P10)A number of nations have already been in armed conflict over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires.
有些国家已经因为水的问题而发生武装冲突， 而美国西部由于降水减少已经导致了森林火灾。
②The Party led a series of armed struggles during that time.
在那段时间里，党领导了一系列的武装斗争。
(1)arm sb. with sth. 为某人配备某物
(2)armed adj. 武装的
be armed with... 带有……
(3)in one’s arms 在某人的怀抱中
take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
arm in arm 臂挽臂
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)在正式与他们见面之前， 我需要了解所有的事实。
I’ll need to arm myself with all the facts before meeting them formally.
(2)据说那个抢劫犯带有手枪。
It is said that the robber was armed with a handgun.
(3)恋人们臂挽臂在河边散步。
The lovers walked arm in arm by the river.
①(教材P10)A number of nations have already been in armed conflict over water, and reduced rainfall in the west of the US has resulted in huge forest fires.
有些国家已经因为水的问题而发生武装冲突， 而美国西部由于降水减少已经导致了森林火灾。
②Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.
紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。
result from... 由于……的原因
as a result of... 因为……
as a result 结果
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Her failure resulted from her laziness.
(2)He lost his friends as a result of his foolish behavior.
separation n．分离； 分开
①(教材P10)This catastrophe is still very fresh in the minds of people worldwide who have not yet got over their separation from loved ones lost in the tsunami.
在世界许多人的心目中，这场灾难仍然记忆犹新。他们还没有从与海啸中丧生的亲人分离的打击中恢复过来。
②For love, imagination is often more beautiful than reality. The same with meeting also with separation.
爱情总是想象比现实美丽， 相逢如是， 告别亦如是。
(1)separation from... 从……的分离
(2)separate v. 使分开
adj. 分开的； 单独的
separate...from... 使……与……分离
(3)separable adj. 可分离的
separate
构成短语：separate...from..., 表示“将……与……分开” , 指把原来连在一起或接近的部分分隔开来
divide
构成短语：divide...into...，往往是指把某个整块分割为若干部分
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)This examination is intended to separate the sheep from the goats.
(2)The male and female of the species are separable(separate) by their color.
means n．方法； 手段
①(教材P10)People in agricultural areas, without any means to earn their living, move to the cities, and then construct shabby homes from whatever materials they can find on poor clay soil.
农业地区的人们因为没有办法谋生而流向城市。然后，他们在贫瘠的土地上用可以找到的任何材料搭建起破烂的房屋。
②There is no doubt that Wechat is an important means of communication.
毫无疑问，微信是一种重要的交流工具。
(1)a means of communication 一种通讯/交流工具
(2)by this means 通过这种方法
by means of 用……办法；借助……
by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以
by no means 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
[巧学活用]——完成句子/句式升级
此外，惩罚绝不是一个帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。(means)
(1)普通表达：
In addition，punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.
(2)高级表达：
Besides，by no means is punishment a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒装)
flee vt.&vi.(fled, fled)逃走； 逃避； 远离
①(教材P11)In May 2006, thousands of Indonesians living near Mt Merapi (which means mountain of fire) had to flee as they thought it was about to erupt.
2006年5月， 住在默拉皮山(意思是“火之山”)附近的成千上万的印尼人不得不逃离家园， 因为他们认为火山要喷发了。
②Police caught up with one of the gangsters, but the other three fled.
警方抓住了一个匪徒， 但其余三人逃跑了。
flee to... 逃往……
flee away 逃跑
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Earthquake victims have been forced to flee(flee) their homes.
(2)The war broke out, and the whole family fled to France.
(3)He never flees away at the first sight of danger.
(教材P9)If all the beasts were gone，men would die from a great loneliness of spirit, for whatever happens to the beasts also happens to the man.
如果所有的动物都灭绝了， 人类就会死于精神上的寂寞， 因为发生在动物身上的事同样也会发生在人类身上。
(1)本句为由两个复合句组成的并列句，由for连接。第一个分句包含if引导的虚拟条件句，第二个分句中whatever引导主语从句。
(2)虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法：
从句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
现在
did/were
would/should/could/might＋do
过去
had done
would/should/could/might＋have done
将来
did/were to do/ should do
could/should/would/might＋do
If they had taken everything into account，they would not have made such a mistake.
如果他们把一切都考虑在内，就不会犯这样的错误了。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)If you had dressed(dress) neatly yesterday，you would have got the job.
(2)I would certainly go if I had(have) time.
(3)If it rained/should rain/were to rain(rain) tomorrow, I should not drive my car.
(教材P10)Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US, and Central America.
暴风雨愈发肆虐， 越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。
with a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US是with的复合结构， 形式为with＋宾语＋宾语补足语。“with＋宾语＋宾补” 结构在句中可作伴随状语、方式状语、原因状语、时间状语等， 也可作后置定语。with复合结构常见形式：
(1)with＋宾语＋介词短语/形容词/副词
(2)with＋宾语＋doing(表主动、进行)
(3)with＋宾语＋done(表被动、完成)
(4)with＋宾语＋to do(表将来)
The teacher with a book in his hand is our new English teacher. 手里拿着书的那位老师是我们的新英语老师。
在 “with＋宾语＋宾补” 结构中， 用不定式作宾补时， 常用主动形式表示被动含义。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)With all the things she needed bought(buy), she went home happily.
(2)With so much work to do(do), I have no time for a holiday.
品句填词
1．The hospital was (建造) by our company.
答案：constructed
2．The company’s (宏伟的)ambition was to become the first and biggest airline.
答案：grand
3．The villagers (逃走) to the higher place because of the flood.
答案：fled
4．Wet roads increase the (可能性) for an accident.
答案：potential
5．We express our thought by (方法) of talking.
答案：means
6．If you break the traffic rules, the police have rights to (没收) your car.
答案：seize
7．We were reunited after a (分离) of more than 20 years.
答案：separation
8．Buildings made of (砖) are strong enough to stand in the earthquake.
答案：bricks
9．New Yorkers build their city on a grand (规模)．
答案：scale
10．The baby pandas have a new home after a (艰苦的) start to life.
答案：rough
单句改错
1．I was walking in the street when someone seized me by my arm.
答案：my→the
2．Arming with some good tools, the young man started his journey.
答案：Arming→Armed
3．Every means have been tried to solve the terrible problem.
答案：have→has
4．It is hard to separate the bad apples into the good ones.
答案：into→from
5．At last the man admitted that his careless driving resulted from the accident.
答案：from→in
完成句子
1．如果你提前告诉我的话，我就能在机场遇到他了。
If you had told me in advance, I at the airport.
答案：would have met him
2．过去的三十年见证了中国发生的变化。
the great changes taking place in China.
答案：The last thirty years has seen
3．有着太多问题要考虑， 新经理担忧得吃不下任何东西。
，the new manager was too worried to eat anything.
答案：With so many problems to consider
4．她叫你干什么你就干什么，那你就太平了。
Do and you’ll have peace.
答案：whatever she tells you
5．有消息传来，这个村子里要建造一所新的学校。
Word came ．
答案：that a new school will be built in this village
A卷
单句语法填空
1．If you had studied harder last term, you (pass) the exam.
答案：could have passed
2．He felt more uneasy with the whole class (stare) at him.
答案：staring
3．The reform has resulted great changes in our country.
答案：in
4．I think he will manage to carry the honours.
答案：off
5．That night, she called for end to our love.
答案：an
6．It didn’t occur him that she would refuse his invitation.
答案：to
7．The mother seized her child the arm.
答案：by
8．You should focus your attention your work.
答案：on
9．All the afternoon he worked with the door (lock)．
答案：locked
10．The train is a safe (mean) of transportation.
答案：means
阅读理解
A
Mexico City sits on an inland plateau(高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live here.
In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting(颁布) a temporary ban on private and federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban.
Mexico City isn’t the first urban centre to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser; it was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area’s 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides.
Mexico City’s temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world’s dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases.
Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good, if short-lived, results. The day after the vehicle-use restrictions(限制) were lifted, and the blue faded back to gray. And then there is the London congestion(拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality.
For now, Mexico City—named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992—can look forward to the start of the region’s rainy season, when daily showers will help to clean the air.
【解题导语】 由于墨西哥所处的位置，使得它的空气质量问题很严重，政府为了解决空气污染的问题，开始禁止使用机动车辆等，同时北京和印度也存在着空气污染的问题。
1．What makes the air quality of Mexico City a concern for citizens?
A．Its population.
B．Its location.
C．Its public transportation.
D．Its government action.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文中第一段Mexico City sits on an inland plateau(高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live here.可知，由于墨西哥的地理位置，使得市民更多的关注空气质量。所以选B。
2．Which is TRUE about the rule enacted in April in Mexico City?
A．It will come into effect forever.
B．Federal vehicles are not included in the ban.
C．The rule prevents people from driving on Saturdays each month.
D．It’s a decisive measure toward reducing air pollution.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文中In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting(颁布) a temporary ban on private and federal vehicles in the city. 可知，这项禁令旨在提高空气质量，即减少空气污染。所以选D。
3．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Two more places are mentioned which dealt with air pollution besides Mexico City.
B．The Indian government started a 47% sales tax on new-car purchases in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games.
C．The action Beijing took has got good results for a very long time.
D．As for Mexico City, rainy season can help to improve the air quality.
D 解析：细节理解题。 根据最后一段可知，雨季可以改善空气质量。所以选D。
4．Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word “lifted”？
A．removed B．raised
C．approved D．clarified
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据文中The day after the vehicle-use restrictions (限制) were lifted, and the blue faded back to gray.这项指令被移除后，蓝色的天空又变成了灰色，所以这里是移除的意思，所以选A。
B
Louisville－based online company Cuddle Clones Inc.is in the business of creating custom－made stuffed replicas(填充复制品) of house pets for animal lovers. Their customers are mostly people who are looking for a Cuddle Clone to replace their dead pets. According to founder Jennifer Graham, her customers just want to hug their dog or cat again, even if it’s just an incredibly realistic replica.
Graham said she got the idea for Cuddle Clones a few years ago when she was resting her head on her pet Rufus, a Great Dane. At the time, she thought it would be nice to have a life－size version of Rufus. She took the idea to a few business plan competitions, and encouraged by the positive feedback(反馈), she decided to turn it into a reality.
If you want a Cuddle Clone of your very own, all you need to do is send them a picture of the pet you want to clone. Just upload the picture on their online store, choose the ear and tail positions, and add any other key characteristics you want the clone to have. Once you’ve made the payment, the company starts the process of creating the clone. The stuffed dolls are made from high－quality plush(长毛绒) materials that are specifically chosen to match your animal.
Graham said that she manages the business by talking with operation managers every night via Skype. “We are trying to get them to understand the high－quality design needed for our products and to build up a large inventory(库存) of plush materials.” They haven’t advertised much, but Graham said that simple word－of－mouth marketing is proving very effective．
“From sending someone a Cuddle Clone to hug to cope with the loss of their pet to sending a teenager off to college with a plush version of their best friend, we really are creating big smiles，” she said. “As pet lovers ourselves, it makes us happy knowing that our customers are happy.”
【解题导语】 心爱的宠物去世，如何化解心中的那份思念？一家“克隆”宠物的公司能让你感受再度拥抱去世宠物的温暖。
5．Cuddle Clones Inc.offers services mainly to customers who ．
A．miss their dead pets
B．wish to protect animals
C．refuse to raise live pets
D．want to follow the fashion
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Their customers are mostly...hug their dog or cat again...realistic replica.可知，Cuddle Clones Inc.主要为思念去世宠物的人提供服务。
6．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How Graham becomes successful.
B．The market demand for pets at present.
C．The development of Cuddle Clones Inc.
D．What inspired Graham to set up her company.
D 解析：段落大意题。第二段主要介绍了Graham创建“克隆”宠物公司的缘由。
7．The underlined part in Paragraph 4 implies that Graham ．
A．considers it ineffective to make advertisements
B．thinks many customers hate advertisements
C．has spent most money buying the materials
D．believes good reputation is very important
D 解析：句意理解题。根据第四段画线句语境可知，Graham觉得口碑营销已见成效，由此可知她认为产品口碑十分重要。
8．According to the last paragraph, Graham thinks her products ．
A．are perfectly designed
B．are facing great challenges
C．bring customers great pleasure
D．have much room for improvement
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段we really are creating big smiles...our customers are happy.可知，Graham认为她的产品为顾客们带来了快乐。
七选五
It is very important for kids to be courageous. A brave child is more likely to withstand negative peer pressure, say no to temptations(诱惑) and fight the good fight.1. It boosts kids’ resilience(适应力), confidence and willpower as well as their learning, performance and school engagement. Here are several ways to develop kids’ courage：
Set a model of courage. Kids who watch their parents stick their necks out to do the right thing are more likely to do the same. 2. Then express how good it feels when you conquer your fears instead of taking a shortcut. Your kids will learn how to take on the tough challenge they face by witnessing how you tackle your fears.
3． Research finds that kids are more likely to be courageous if they believe that their parents encourage them to support those in need. Discuss bravery with your kids.Tell them “Courage is making the choice to do what you know is right even if you are afraid.”
Ask your kids to share their acts of bravery. Learning to be brave takes practice, so encourage your children to do something courageous every day. 4. A mom I talked to had her kids share their brave deeds at dinner time.
Teach your kids how to reduce their fears. If not kept under control, fears can be powerful. 5. You might encourage positive self-talk, such as saying “I can handle this” or “I have courage to do this”. Or teach your children to take slow, deep breaths to find courage.
A．Talk about values and courage.
B．Courage has other surprising benefits.
C．The good news is that courage can be taught.
D．Teach your children simple strategies to be brave.
E．Let your children see you step out of your comfort zone.
F．In today’s uncertain world, kids will need courage and confidence.
G．Then take time to focus on their courageous breakthroughs.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个培养孩子勇气的方法。
1．B 解析：根据上文可知，一个勇敢的孩子更能承受压力、拒绝诱惑，更能够为了信仰和原则而斗争；根据空处后一句可知，勇气能提高孩子的适应力、信心和毅力。据此可以判断，空处承上启下，说明勇气还有其他的益处，故B项正确。
2．E 解析：本段讲述榜样的作用。根据空处后一句“Then express how good it feels when you conquer your fears instead of taking a shortcut.”可知，要向你的孩子表达克服恐惧而非走捷径的感觉是多么棒。据此可以判断，空处说明要让你的孩子看到你走出舒适区，故E项正确。
3．A 解析：根据该空位置可知，该空为该段的主题句。通读该段内容，尤其是该段最后一句可知，要与你的孩子讨论勇气，告诉他们勇气是即使你害怕也选择去做你认为正确的事。据此可知，该段主要陈述培养勇气的方法：和孩子讨论价值观和勇气，故A项正确。
4．G 解析：根据空处后一句“A mom I talked to had her kids share their brave deeds at dinner time.”可知，一位“我”与之交谈过的母亲让她的孩子晚饭时分享他们自己的勇敢行为。据此可知，空处陈述与此对应的父母的做法：要花时间专注于孩子的勇敢突破，故G项正确。
5．D 解析：根据空处后一句可知，你可能会鼓励孩子进行积极的自我对话，比如说，“我可以处理这件事”或“我有勇气做这件事”。据此可以判断，空处是说要教会你的孩子变得勇敢的一些简单的方法，故D项正确。
B卷
阅读理解
How do you feel about socks? Depending on how you view them, they can either be a necessity—in which case black, blue or grey will do—or they are a window to the way you can show off your personality and attitudes different from others’. Sounds too dramatic and crazy? Well, a new study has found the crazy socks you choose not only say a lot about you, but also say a lot about how people see you.
Despite our traditional attitudes, the study published in The Journal of Consumer Research confirmed the theory that people who are nonconformists(不墨守成规的人) can potentially be viewed as having higher status and more competent(能干的) than those who obey social rules. So what does this say about your choice of wearing bright neon or rainbow－striped socks?
Well, it found people who have shown to deliberately(故意地) choose to wear strange socks, are seen as having increased status and competency in the eyes of others.
“We believed that, under certain conditions, nonconforming behaviors can be more beneficial to someone than simply trying to fit in. In other words, when it looks deliberate, a person can appear to have higher status and a sense of competency，” stated authors of the study, Silvia and Francesca Gino from Harvard University.
Dr.Adam, a social psychologist from the Northwestern University, conducted a study that showed what we wear affects the way we think, feel and act. And this includes our socks. When we put on our silly and crazy socks, we are, in part, showing off our uniqueness and our confidence. It’s this belief that helps us to skillfully achieve more success without lack of bravery or confidence.
So, if you’re a lover of fun and unusual socks, then go out into the world and embrace them. Not only will you give people an insight into your nonconforming, unique personality, but they will hold you in good status as a result!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项对人们穿的袜子的研究。研究表明穿奇怪袜子的人更有勇气和自信，更容易获得成功。
1．How do people view those who wear unusual socks?
A．They hate social rules.
B．They appear silly and crazy.
C．They are much wealthier.
D．They are more outstanding and talented.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的．..people who are nonconformists(不墨守成规的人)．..more competent...以及第三段的Well, it found people...are seen as having increased status and competency in the eyes of others.可知，在别人眼里，穿奇怪袜子的人更出色、更有才干。
2．What is Silvia’s attitude to nonconforming behaviors?
A．Supportive.
B．Doubtful.
C．Unconcerned.
D．Cautious.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段We believed that...can be more beneficial to someone than simply trying to fit in.可知，Silvia认为在某些情况下，非墨守陈规行为可能更有好处。
3．What does the author advise people to do?
A．Wear the socks they like.
B．Have fun and enjoy the life.
C．Hold good status in the world.
D．Let people have their own personality.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段So, if you’re a lover of fun and unusual socks, then go out into the world and embrace them.可知，如果你喜欢奇形怪状的袜子，那你就穿上。
4．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Trying to fit in will help you have higher status.
B．Unusual socks are fashionable in society.
C．People should avoid wearing silly socks.
D．What we wear may affect who we are.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知你选择的袜子可以反映你的个性、态度，因此我们的穿着可能会影响我们是怎样的人。
完形填空
It was a hot Saturday at the community center. I sat in the chair, and closely watched my 1 area. Suddenly, a little girl 2 the water slide (水滑道). I noticed her 3 was under the water. Soon I was in the water with the girl in my arms.
The other lifeguards congratulated me on my first 4 . I thought back to the day I first started working here. Would I have been able to 5 as quickly as I did just now?
“Corinne, we need to talk，” my boss said six months ago, with a 6 look on her face. “You’re a nice girl， 7 you need to be more focused on what you are doing and pay attention to your 8 ，” she said. Tears forming, I feared I would 9 my job. Then, she said, “I’m going to give you another chance.” I sighed with 10 ．
After that, I realized I wasn’t paying attention when I was 11 . That was the turning point not only in my 12 career but my entire life. I began to 13 . When the next training came I was 14 to find I had been announced “Employee of the Month”. 15 this award made me work even harder. Soon after that I was asked to be a head lifeguard, which made me realize that I had not only got out of my 16 habits but I was now trusted to make very important 17 for myself and others as well.
I can announce that I have been 18 all throughout my job experience. The insights(见识) I have gained from my job have 19 so many aspects of my life. The experience has not only made me a better lifeguard but a more 20 person.
【解题导语】 作者是一名救生员，一开始工作时她不够专注，受到老板严肃的批评，幸好老板又给了她一次机会。通过自己的努力作者成为了一名优秀的救生员。
1．A.play B．reception
C．pool D．dining
C 解析：根据下文“the water slide (水滑道)”可知，作者注视着自己的水池区域。pool水池。故选C。
2．A.flew down B．kept off
C．played on D．looked at
A 解析：根据下文“under the water”可知，我注意到一个小女孩沿着水滑道冲下来。fly down滑下来。故选A。
3．A.leg B．head
C．parent D.friend
B 解析：根据下文“Soon I was in the water with the girl in my arms.”可知，女孩的头在水下，有危险。head头。故选B。
4．A.job B．attempt
C．experience D．rescue
D 解析：根据上文“Soon I was in the water with the girl in my arms.”可知，这是作者第一次救援(rescue)。故选D。
5．A.turn B.lead
C.respond D.belong
C 解析：句意：我能像刚刚那样迅速做出反应吗？respond做出反应。故选C。
6．A.calm B．serious
C．funny D.nervous
B 解析：根据上文“Corinne, we need to talk”可知，老板说这句话的时候表情很严肃。serious严肃的。故选B。
7．A.so B．and
C．but D.though
C 解析：上文的You’re a nice girl和下文的you need to be more focused on what you are doing 是转折关系，用but。故选C。
8．A.water B．study
C．colleague D.research
A 解析：根据上文“sat in the chair, and closely watched my area”可知，老板让作者密切关注自己的水域。water水域。故选A。
9．A.find B．lose
C．keep D.dislike
B 解析：根据上文“Tears forming, I feared”可知，作者害怕失去这份工作。lose失去。故选B。
10．A.care B．fear
C．relief D．pleasure
C 解析：根据上文“I’m going to give you another chance.”可知，老板又给了作者一次机会，她松了一口气。relief宽慰，安心。故选C。
11．A.on duty B．on average
C．on business D．on holiday
A 解析：句意：我意识到我在值班的时候没有全神贯注。on duty值班。故选A。
12．A.teaching B．swimming
C．managing D.lifeguarding
D 解析：根据上文“The other lifeguards”可知，那不仅在我救生员的生涯而且在我的一生中都是转折点。lifeguarding救生员的。故选D。
13．A.follow B.relax
C．focus D.exercise
C 解析：根据上文“pay attention to”可知，作者当班的时候开始专注。focus专注。故选C。
14．A.sure B．upset
C．ready D.surprised
D 解析：根据下文“to find I had been announced ‘Employee of the Month’”可知，作者被授予Employee of the Month的荣誉，她感到惊讶。surprised惊讶的。故选D。
15．A.Presenting B．Wanting
C．Receiving D．Expecting
C 解析：根据上文“to find I had been announced ‘Employee of the Month’”可知，收到这个奖励让我工作更加努力了。receiving接受。故选C。
16．A.bad B.daily
C．common D．unusual
A 解析：根据上文“Soon after that I was asked to be a head lifeguard”可知，作者意识到她已经克服了坏习惯。bad坏的。故选A。
17．A.appointments B.comments
C．preparations D.decisions
D 解析：句意：我现在被信任可以为自己和他人做重要的决定了。decision决定。故选D。
18．A.self-centered B.self-balanced
C．self-protected D.self-motivated
D 解析：根据上文“made me work even harder”可知，作者在工作经历中一直是自我激励的。self-motivated自我激励的。故选D。
19．A.avoided B.affected
C．formed D.tested
B 解析：句意：我从工作中得到的见识影响了我生活中的很多方面。affect影响。故选B。
20．A.responsible B．flexible
C．admirable D.available
A 解析：句意：这次经历不仅让我成为更好的救生员而且成为更负责任的人。responsible负责任的。故选A。
语法填空
There is no doubt 1. the world climate has been changing in recent years. Many people blame this change on gases such as carbon dioxide. Animals and humans produce carbon dioxide when they 2. (breath). However, many other human 3. (activity) also let off carbon gases. Anytime something 4. (burn), carbon is put into the atmosphere. Cars and other vehicles burn petrol in their engines, and electrical power plants most often burn fuels such 5. coal and oil in order to produce electricity. Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the 6. carbon we are letting off.
One thing we can all do to help solve this problem is to walk or use 7. bicycle when possible. At home, you should use as little energy as possible. Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air 8. (produce) oxygen. 9. (plant) a small tree is cheap and easy, and two decades from now, when you look at what will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of 10. (satisfy) knowing that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.
1．that 解析：考查名词性从句。此处that引导同位语从句。There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
2．breathe 解析：考查词性转换。此处是作谓语，故用动词。breathe vi.呼吸。
3．activities 解析：考查名词单复数。此处被many修饰，故用名词复数形式。
4．is burnt 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：任何时候烧东西。由此可知是被动意义。
5．as 解析：考查介词的用法。such as例如……
6．more 解析：考查固定句型。the ＋ 比较级．..，the ＋比较级．..，意为：越……越……
7．a 解析：考查冠词的用法。从此表示泛指，用冠词a。
8．to produce 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。
9．Planting 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是动名词作主语。
10．satisfaction 解析：考查词性转换。介词of后接名词。satisfaction n．满足。
课件93张PPT。Unit 22 Environmental Protectionseize behalf grand arm means slip slide flee potential changeable irrigation rough separation construct mountainous apart fromanswer forcall for an end to sth.wrap upon somebody’s behalfcarry offall in allresult inwould die fromwhatever happensto the beastsThe last few years have seenwith a growing number of hurricanes hittingto some degreethat things could get a lot worseApart fromtaking aparttell them apart攻占理解没收seize the chanceby the armwas seized withfor up on out through all in allAbove allAfter allFirst of allarm myself withwas armed witharm in armfrom as from separableis by no means a wise choiceby no means is punishment a wise choiceto fleeto away had dressedhadrained/should rain/were to rainboughtto do本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．The hospital was (建造) by our company.
答案：constructed
2．The company’s (宏伟的)ambition was to become the first and biggest airline.
答案：grand
3．The villagers (逃走) to the higher place because of the flood.
答案：fled
4．Wet roads increase the (可能性) for an accident.
答案：potential
5．We express our thought by (方法) of talking.
答案：means
6．If you break the traffic rules, the police have rights to (没收) your car.
答案：seize
7．We were reunited after a (分离) of more than 20 years.
答案：separation
8．Buildings made of (砖) are strong enough to stand in the earthquake.
答案：bricks
9．New Yorkers build their city on a grand (规模)．
答案：scale
10．The baby pandas have a new home after a (艰苦的) start to life.
答案：rough
单句改错
1．I was walking in the street when someone seized me by my arm.
答案：my→the
2．Arming with some good tools, the young man started his journey.
答案：Arming→Armed
3．Every means have been tried to solve the terrible problem.
答案：have→has
4．It is hard to separate the bad apples into the good ones.
答案：into→from
5．At last the man admitted that his careless driving resulted from the accident.
答案：from→in
完成句子
1．如果你提前告诉我的话，我就能在机场遇到他了。
If you had told me in advance, I at the airport.
答案：would have met him
2．过去的三十年见证了中国发生的变化。
the great changes taking place in China.
答案：The last thirty years has seen
3．有着太多问题要考虑， 新经理担忧得吃不下任何东西。
，the new manager was too worried to eat anything.
答案：With so many problems to consider
4．她叫你干什么你就干什么，那你就太平了。
Do and you’ll have peace.
答案：whatever she tells you
5．有消息传来，这个村子里要建造一所新的学校。
Word came ．
答案：that a new school will be built in this village
A卷
单句语法填空
1．If you had studied harder last term, you (pass) the exam.
答案：could have passed
2．He felt more uneasy with the whole class (stare) at him.
答案：staring
3．The reform has resulted great changes in our country.
答案：in
4．I think he will manage to carry the honours.
答案：off
5．That night, she called for end to our love.
答案：an
6．It didn’t occur him that she would refuse his invitation.
答案：to
7．The mother seized her child the arm.
答案：by
8．You should focus your attention your work.
答案：on
9．All the afternoon he worked with the door (lock)．
答案：locked
10．The train is a safe (mean) of transportation.
答案：means
阅读理解
A
Mexico City sits on an inland plateau(高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live here.
In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting(颁布) a temporary ban on private and federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban.
Mexico City isn’t the first urban centre to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser; it was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area’s 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides.
Mexico City’s temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world’s dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases.
Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good, if short-lived, results. The day after the vehicle-use restrictions(限制) were lifted, and the blue faded back to gray. And then there is the London congestion(拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality.
For now, Mexico City—named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992—can look forward to the start of the region’s rainy season, when daily showers will help to clean the air.
【解题导语】 由于墨西哥所处的位置，使得它的空气质量问题很严重，政府为了解决空气污染的问题，开始禁止使用机动车辆等，同时北京和印度也存在着空气污染的问题。
1．What makes the air quality of Mexico City a concern for citizens?
A．Its population.
B．Its location.
C．Its public transportation.
D．Its government action.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文中第一段Mexico City sits on an inland plateau(高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live here.可知，由于墨西哥的地理位置，使得市民更多的关注空气质量。所以选B。
2．Which is TRUE about the rule enacted in April in Mexico City?
A．It will come into effect forever.
B．Federal vehicles are not included in the ban.
C．The rule prevents people from driving on Saturdays each month.
D．It’s a decisive measure toward reducing air pollution.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文中In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting(颁布) a temporary ban on private and federal vehicles in the city. 可知，这项禁令旨在提高空气质量，即减少空气污染。所以选D。
3．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Two more places are mentioned which dealt with air pollution besides Mexico City.
B．The Indian government started a 47% sales tax on new-car purchases in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games.
C．The action Beijing took has got good results for a very long time.
D．As for Mexico City, rainy season can help to improve the air quality.
D 解析：细节理解题。 根据最后一段可知，雨季可以改善空气质量。所以选D。
4．Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word “lifted”？
A．removed B．raised
C．approved D．clarified
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据文中The day after the vehicle-use restrictions (限制) were lifted, and the blue faded back to gray.这项指令被移除后，蓝色的天空又变成了灰色，所以这里是移除的意思，所以选A。
B
Louisville－based online company Cuddle Clones Inc.is in the business of creating custom－made stuffed replicas(填充复制品) of house pets for animal lovers. Their customers are mostly people who are looking for a Cuddle Clone to replace their dead pets. According to founder Jennifer Graham, her customers just want to hug their dog or cat again, even if it’s just an incredibly realistic replica.
Graham said she got the idea for Cuddle Clones a few years ago when she was resting her head on her pet Rufus, a Great Dane. At the time, she thought it would be nice to have a life－size version of Rufus. She took the idea to a few business plan competitions, and encouraged by the positive feedback(反馈), she decided to turn it into a reality.
If you want a Cuddle Clone of your very own, all you need to do is send them a picture of the pet you want to clone. Just upload the picture on their online store, choose the ear and tail positions, and add any other key characteristics you want the clone to have. Once you’ve made the payment, the company starts the process of creating the clone. The stuffed dolls are made from high－quality plush(长毛绒) materials that are specifically chosen to match your animal.
Graham said that she manages the business by talking with operation managers every night via Skype. “We are trying to get them to understand the high－quality design needed for our products and to build up a large inventory(库存) of plush materials.” They haven’t advertised much, but Graham said that simple word－of－mouth marketing is proving very effective．
“From sending someone a Cuddle Clone to hug to cope with the loss of their pet to sending a teenager off to college with a plush version of their best friend, we really are creating big smiles，” she said. “As pet lovers ourselves, it makes us happy knowing that our customers are happy.”
【解题导语】 心爱的宠物去世，如何化解心中的那份思念？一家“克隆”宠物的公司能让你感受再度拥抱去世宠物的温暖。
5．Cuddle Clones Inc.offers services mainly to customers who ．
A．miss their dead pets
B．wish to protect animals
C．refuse to raise live pets
D．want to follow the fashion
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Their customers are mostly...hug their dog or cat again...realistic replica.可知，Cuddle Clones Inc.主要为思念去世宠物的人提供服务。
6．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How Graham becomes successful.
B．The market demand for pets at present.
C．The development of Cuddle Clones Inc.
D．What inspired Graham to set up her company.
D 解析：段落大意题。第二段主要介绍了Graham创建“克隆”宠物公司的缘由。
7．The underlined part in Paragraph 4 implies that Graham ．
A．considers it ineffective to make advertisements
B．thinks many customers hate advertisements
C．has spent most money buying the materials
D．believes good reputation is very important
D 解析：句意理解题。根据第四段画线句语境可知，Graham觉得口碑营销已见成效，由此可知她认为产品口碑十分重要。
8．According to the last paragraph, Graham thinks her products ．
A．are perfectly designed
B．are facing great challenges
C．bring customers great pleasure
D．have much room for improvement
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段we really are creating big smiles...our customers are happy.可知，Graham认为她的产品为顾客们带来了快乐。
七选五
It is very important for kids to be courageous. A brave child is more likely to withstand negative peer pressure, say no to temptations(诱惑) and fight the good fight.1. It boosts kids’ resilience(适应力), confidence and willpower as well as their learning, performance and school engagement. Here are several ways to develop kids’ courage：
Set a model of courage. Kids who watch their parents stick their necks out to do the right thing are more likely to do the same. 2. Then express how good it feels when you conquer your fears instead of taking a shortcut. Your kids will learn how to take on the tough challenge they face by witnessing how you tackle your fears.
3． Research finds that kids are more likely to be courageous if they believe that their parents encourage them to support those in need. Discuss bravery with your kids.Tell them “Courage is making the choice to do what you know is right even if you are afraid.”
Ask your kids to share their acts of bravery. Learning to be brave takes practice, so encourage your children to do something courageous every day. 4. A mom I talked to had her kids share their brave deeds at dinner time.
Teach your kids how to reduce their fears. If not kept under control, fears can be powerful. 5. You might encourage positive self-talk, such as saying “I can handle this” or “I have courage to do this”. Or teach your children to take slow, deep breaths to find courage.
A．Talk about values and courage.
B．Courage has other surprising benefits.
C．The good news is that courage can be taught.
D．Teach your children simple strategies to be brave.
E．Let your children see you step out of your comfort zone.
F．In today’s uncertain world, kids will need courage and confidence.
G．Then take time to focus on their courageous breakthroughs.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四个培养孩子勇气的方法。
1．B 解析：根据上文可知，一个勇敢的孩子更能承受压力、拒绝诱惑，更能够为了信仰和原则而斗争；根据空处后一句可知，勇气能提高孩子的适应力、信心和毅力。据此可以判断，空处承上启下，说明勇气还有其他的益处，故B项正确。
2．E 解析：本段讲述榜样的作用。根据空处后一句“Then express how good it feels when you conquer your fears instead of taking a shortcut.”可知，要向你的孩子表达克服恐惧而非走捷径的感觉是多么棒。据此可以判断，空处说明要让你的孩子看到你走出舒适区，故E项正确。
3．A 解析：根据该空位置可知，该空为该段的主题句。通读该段内容，尤其是该段最后一句可知，要与你的孩子讨论勇气，告诉他们勇气是即使你害怕也选择去做你认为正确的事。据此可知，该段主要陈述培养勇气的方法：和孩子讨论价值观和勇气，故A项正确。
4．G 解析：根据空处后一句“A mom I talked to had her kids share their brave deeds at dinner time.”可知，一位“我”与之交谈过的母亲让她的孩子晚饭时分享他们自己的勇敢行为。据此可知，空处陈述与此对应的父母的做法：要花时间专注于孩子的勇敢突破，故G项正确。
5．D 解析：根据空处后一句可知，你可能会鼓励孩子进行积极的自我对话，比如说，“我可以处理这件事”或“我有勇气做这件事”。据此可以判断，空处是说要教会你的孩子变得勇敢的一些简单的方法，故D项正确。
B卷
阅读理解
How do you feel about socks? Depending on how you view them, they can either be a necessity—in which case black, blue or grey will do—or they are a window to the way you can show off your personality and attitudes different from others’. Sounds too dramatic and crazy? Well, a new study has found the crazy socks you choose not only say a lot about you, but also say a lot about how people see you.
Despite our traditional attitudes, the study published in The Journal of Consumer Research confirmed the theory that people who are nonconformists(不墨守成规的人) can potentially be viewed as having higher status and more competent(能干的) than those who obey social rules. So what does this say about your choice of wearing bright neon or rainbow－striped socks?
Well, it found people who have shown to deliberately(故意地) choose to wear strange socks, are seen as having increased status and competency in the eyes of others.
“We believed that, under certain conditions, nonconforming behaviors can be more beneficial to someone than simply trying to fit in. In other words, when it looks deliberate, a person can appear to have higher status and a sense of competency，” stated authors of the study, Silvia and Francesca Gino from Harvard University.
Dr.Adam, a social psychologist from the Northwestern University, conducted a study that showed what we wear affects the way we think, feel and act. And this includes our socks. When we put on our silly and crazy socks, we are, in part, showing off our uniqueness and our confidence. It’s this belief that helps us to skillfully achieve more success without lack of bravery or confidence.
So, if you’re a lover of fun and unusual socks, then go out into the world and embrace them. Not only will you give people an insight into your nonconforming, unique personality, but they will hold you in good status as a result!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项对人们穿的袜子的研究。研究表明穿奇怪袜子的人更有勇气和自信，更容易获得成功。
1．How do people view those who wear unusual socks?
A．They hate social rules.
B．They appear silly and crazy.
C．They are much wealthier.
D．They are more outstanding and talented.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的．..people who are nonconformists(不墨守成规的人)．..more competent...以及第三段的Well, it found people...are seen as having increased status and competency in the eyes of others.可知，在别人眼里，穿奇怪袜子的人更出色、更有才干。
2．What is Silvia’s attitude to nonconforming behaviors?
A．Supportive.
B．Doubtful.
C．Unconcerned.
D．Cautious.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段We believed that...can be more beneficial to someone than simply trying to fit in.可知，Silvia认为在某些情况下，非墨守陈规行为可能更有好处。
3．What does the author advise people to do?
A．Wear the socks they like.
B．Have fun and enjoy the life.
C．Hold good status in the world.
D．Let people have their own personality.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段So, if you’re a lover of fun and unusual socks, then go out into the world and embrace them.可知，如果你喜欢奇形怪状的袜子，那你就穿上。
4．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Trying to fit in will help you have higher status.
B．Unusual socks are fashionable in society.
C．People should avoid wearing silly socks.
D．What we wear may affect who we are.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知你选择的袜子可以反映你的个性、态度，因此我们的穿着可能会影响我们是怎样的人。
完形填空
It was a hot Saturday at the community center. I sat in the chair, and closely watched my 1 area. Suddenly, a little girl 2 the water slide (水滑道). I noticed her 3 was under the water. Soon I was in the water with the girl in my arms.
The other lifeguards congratulated me on my first 4 . I thought back to the day I first started working here. Would I have been able to 5 as quickly as I did just now?
“Corinne, we need to talk，” my boss said six months ago, with a 6 look on her face. “You’re a nice girl， 7 you need to be more focused on what you are doing and pay attention to your 8 ，” she said. Tears forming, I feared I would 9 my job. Then, she said, “I’m going to give you another chance.” I sighed with 10 ．
After that, I realized I wasn’t paying attention when I was 11 . That was the turning point not only in my 12 career but my entire life. I began to 13 . When the next training came I was 14 to find I had been announced “Employee of the Month”. 15 this award made me work even harder. Soon after that I was asked to be a head lifeguard, which made me realize that I had not only got out of my 16 habits but I was now trusted to make very important 17 for myself and others as well.
I can announce that I have been 18 all throughout my job experience. The insights(见识) I have gained from my job have 19 so many aspects of my life. The experience has not only made me a better lifeguard but a more 20 person.
【解题导语】 作者是一名救生员，一开始工作时她不够专注，受到老板严肃的批评，幸好老板又给了她一次机会。通过自己的努力作者成为了一名优秀的救生员。
1．A.play B．reception
C．pool D．dining
C 解析：根据下文“the water slide (水滑道)”可知，作者注视着自己的水池区域。pool水池。故选C。
2．A.flew down B．kept off
C．played on D．looked at
A 解析：根据下文“under the water”可知，我注意到一个小女孩沿着水滑道冲下来。fly down滑下来。故选A。
3．A.leg B．head
C．parent D.friend
B 解析：根据下文“Soon I was in the water with the girl in my arms.”可知，女孩的头在水下，有危险。head头。故选B。
4．A.job B．attempt
C．experience D．rescue
D 解析：根据上文“Soon I was in the water with the girl in my arms.”可知，这是作者第一次救援(rescue)。故选D。
5．A.turn B.lead
C.respond D.belong
C 解析：句意：我能像刚刚那样迅速做出反应吗？respond做出反应。故选C。
6．A.calm B．serious
C．funny D.nervous
B 解析：根据上文“Corinne, we need to talk”可知，老板说这句话的时候表情很严肃。serious严肃的。故选B。
7．A.so B．and
C．but D.though
C 解析：上文的You’re a nice girl和下文的you need to be more focused on what you are doing 是转折关系，用but。故选C。
8．A.water B．study
C．colleague D.research
A 解析：根据上文“sat in the chair, and closely watched my area”可知，老板让作者密切关注自己的水域。water水域。故选A。
9．A.find B．lose
C．keep D.dislike
B 解析：根据上文“Tears forming, I feared”可知，作者害怕失去这份工作。lose失去。故选B。
10．A.care B．fear
C．relief D．pleasure
C 解析：根据上文“I’m going to give you another chance.”可知，老板又给了作者一次机会，她松了一口气。relief宽慰，安心。故选C。
11．A.on duty B．on average
C．on business D．on holiday
A 解析：句意：我意识到我在值班的时候没有全神贯注。on duty值班。故选A。
12．A.teaching B．swimming
C．managing D.lifeguarding
D 解析：根据上文“The other lifeguards”可知，那不仅在我救生员的生涯而且在我的一生中都是转折点。lifeguarding救生员的。故选D。
13．A.follow B.relax
C．focus D.exercise
C 解析：根据上文“pay attention to”可知，作者当班的时候开始专注。focus专注。故选C。
14．A.sure B．upset
C．ready D.surprised
D 解析：根据下文“to find I had been announced ‘Employee of the Month’”可知，作者被授予Employee of the Month的荣誉，她感到惊讶。surprised惊讶的。故选D。
15．A.Presenting B．Wanting
C．Receiving D．Expecting
C 解析：根据上文“to find I had been announced ‘Employee of the Month’”可知，收到这个奖励让我工作更加努力了。receiving接受。故选C。
16．A.bad B.daily
C．common D．unusual
A 解析：根据上文“Soon after that I was asked to be a head lifeguard”可知，作者意识到她已经克服了坏习惯。bad坏的。故选A。
17．A.appointments B.comments
C．preparations D.decisions
D 解析：句意：我现在被信任可以为自己和他人做重要的决定了。decision决定。故选D。
18．A.self-centered B.self-balanced
C．self-protected D.self-motivated
D 解析：根据上文“made me work even harder”可知，作者在工作经历中一直是自我激励的。self-motivated自我激励的。故选D。
19．A.avoided B.affected
C．formed D.tested
B 解析：句意：我从工作中得到的见识影响了我生活中的很多方面。affect影响。故选B。
20．A.responsible B．flexible
C．admirable D.available
A 解析：句意：这次经历不仅让我成为更好的救生员而且成为更负责任的人。responsible负责任的。故选A。
语法填空
There is no doubt 1. the world climate has been changing in recent years. Many people blame this change on gases such as carbon dioxide. Animals and humans produce carbon dioxide when they 2. (breath). However, many other human 3. (activity) also let off carbon gases. Anytime something 4. (burn), carbon is put into the atmosphere. Cars and other vehicles burn petrol in their engines, and electrical power plants most often burn fuels such 5. coal and oil in order to produce electricity. Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the 6. carbon we are letting off.
One thing we can all do to help solve this problem is to walk or use 7. bicycle when possible. At home, you should use as little energy as possible. Last but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air 8. (produce) oxygen. 9. (plant) a small tree is cheap and easy, and two decades from now, when you look at what will have become a large tree, you will find a sense of 10. (satisfy) knowing that you did your part to help solve the problem of climate change.
1．that 解析：考查名词性从句。此处that引导同位语从句。There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
2．breathe 解析：考查词性转换。此处是作谓语，故用动词。breathe vi.呼吸。
3．activities 解析：考查名词单复数。此处被many修饰，故用名词复数形式。
4．is burnt 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：任何时候烧东西。由此可知是被动意义。
5．as 解析：考查介词的用法。such as例如……
6．more 解析：考查固定句型。the ＋ 比较级．..，the ＋比较级．..，意为：越……越……
7．a 解析：考查冠词的用法。从此表示泛指，用冠词a。
8．to produce 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。
9．Planting 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是动名词作主语。
10．satisfaction 解析：考查词性转换。介词of后接名词。satisfaction n．满足。
Section Ⅳ Communication Workshop, Language Awareness 7 &Culture Corner
[学生用书P18]
1．plug vt. 塞住
2．fragile adj. 易毁的； 脆弱的
3．valid adj. 有充分理由的
4．evolution n. (生物)进化
5．carve vt.& vi. 雕刻
6．cube n. 立方体
7．adopt vt.采用→adoption n．采用
8．considerate adj.想得周到的， 体贴的→considerable adj.大量的
9．finance n．资金→financial adj. 财政的
10．allocate vt.分配， 配给→allocation n．分配
11．sharpen vt.削尖 →sharp adj.锋利的→sharply adv.锋利地
12．calculate vt.计算， 算出→calculation n. 计算
1．plug one’s ears 塞住耳朵
2．all the best 祝一切顺利
3．sum up 总结， 概括
4．as a matter of fact 实际上
5．break away from 摆脱， 脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)
6．concentrate on 全神贯注于， 集中于……
7．at one time 曾经
1．形容词原级比较
...the average noise pollution level in the streets of China’s urban areas is as high as(高达) 70 decibels.
2．不带to的不定式作表语
What we should do is start using different sources of energy(开始使用不同的能源)．
3. shouldn’t have done sth.本不应该做某事
Many people thought that permission wouldn’t be given, and some thought the project should never have been allowed(本来就不该被允许)．
4．not only...but also...不但……而且……
Rivers, lakes and wet-lands are sources of fresh water, not only for humans, but for wildlife as well(不但是人类的， 也是野生动物的)．
[学生用书P19]
considerate adj.想得周到的， 体贴的
①(教材P133)We can all help by being more considerate and thinking of our neighbours.
考虑得更周到并且多为邻居着想， 我们就都可以起到帮助作用。
②She’s a very considerate and caring person.
她是一个很懂得体贴和关心的人。
(1)It is considerate of sb.to do sth.
某人做某事真是体贴。
(2)consider vt. 考虑； 认为
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
(3)considerable adj. 相当多的
(4)consideration n． 体谅； 考虑
take sth. into consideration 把某事考虑进去
under consideration 在考虑中
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)It was considerate of you to bring(bring) me my raincoat.
(2)My sister is considering changing(change) her job at present.
(3)He spent a considerable(consider) amount of money on it.
(4)Here are a few questions for your consideration(considerate)．
adopt vt.采用； 收养， 领养； 正式批准， 接受
①(教材P12) The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans...
中国政府已采取了几种控制噪音的方案……
②Before I was two, I was adopted by an Anglo couple.
两岁之前， 我被一对盎格鲁夫妇收养。
③Danny is their adopted son.
丹尼是他们的养子。
(1)adopted adj. 被收养的； 被采用的
(2)adoptable adj. 可收养的； 可采用的
(3)adoption n． 采用， 采纳； 收养
[巧学活用]——用adopt的适当形式填空
(1)I don’t think that solution is adoptable．
(2)Their adopted son is always kind to them.
(3)We will encourage a wider adoption of this method.
as a matter of fact 实际上
①(教材P13)As a matter of fact, average urban noise pollution levels have decreased by 3 decibels since 1989.
事实上， 市内噪音污染的平均水平从1989年以来已经减少了3分贝。
②As a matter of fact, I don’t like his music at all.
事实上， 我一点儿也不喜欢他的音乐。
事实上
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)事实上， 他的儿子去英国深造了。
In reality, his son has gone to England for further education.
(2)事实上， 这个人在那里没有赚很多钱。
In actual fact, the man didn’t make much money there.
allocate vt.分配， 配给
①(教材P13)New schools, hospitals and housing areas will be allocated positions away from main roads, rail roads and industrial areas that create high levels of noise.
划拨给新学校、 医院和居住区的用地将会远离那些制造高分贝噪音的公路干线、 铁路和工业区。
②No agreement was reached on how much money should be allocated.
就应该分配多少钱的协议尚未达成。
(1)allocate sb.sth.(＝allocate sth.to sb.)
分配给某人某物
allocate sth. for sth. 拨出……做……
allocate sth. among... 在……范围内分配
(2)allocation n． 划拨的款项； 分配的东西
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)They intended to allocate more places to mature students this year.
(2)A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library.
(3)The club has received an additional allocation(allocate) of tickets.
break away from 摆脱， 脱离(某种思想体系、 团体、 组织)
①(教材P134)But we need to break away from that way of thinking.
但是我们需要从那种思考方式中脱离出来。
②The thief tried to break away from the policeman.
小偷试图挣脱警察逃走。
break down (机器、 车辆等)坏了； (计划、 谈判等)失败； 垮掉
break in 破门而入； 打断
break into 强行闯入； 突然开始(笑、 唱等)
break off 停顿； 中断； 折断
break out (火灾、 战争等)突然发生或爆发
break through 突破； 突围
break up 解散， 散开； 结束； 破裂， 粉碎； 分手
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)He is no longer what he was. He has broken away from the bad habits.
(2)The talk broke down with no agreement reached.
(3)While he was on a journey, his house was broken into.
sharpen vt.削尖； 加剧
①(教材P134)I think he sharpens his pencil about ten times a day! 我认为他一天要削十次铅笔！
②Please sharpen this pencil.
请削尖这支铅笔。
(1)sharp adj. 锋利的； 急剧的； 聪明的； 敏锐的
(2)sharply adv. 急剧地
-en是形容词构成动词的后缀。如：shorten(使)变短； widen(使)变宽； blacken(使)变黑； loosen(使)变松。
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Her voice sharpened(sharp) as she became impatient.
(2)Interest rates have fallen sharply(sharp) over the last few weeks.
(3)It was very sharp(sharpen) of you to have noticed that.
at one time 曾经， 一度
①(教材P16)At one time, half the land on the Earth’s surface was covered by forest.
曾经， 地球表面一半的陆地为森林所覆盖。
②This used to be a very beautiful valley at one time.
这里曾经是一处非常美丽的山谷。
at a time 每次； 一次
at the same time 同时
all the time 一直， 始终
in no time 立刻
at no time 从不
at no time绝不， 位于句首时， 句子用部分倒装。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)你最好不要试图一次解决六个问题。
You’d better not try to solve six problems at a time．
(2)看！ 那只小猴子一直在跳。
Look! The little monkey is jumping all the time.
in danger (指自身)处于危险之中， 垂危
①(教材P16)But, because of pollution and over-fishing, many marine species are in danger.
但是， 由于污染和过度捕捞， 许多海洋物种正处于危险之中。
②The girl’s life was obviously in immediate danger.
很明显， 这女孩的生命危在旦夕。
(1)in danger of... 有……的危险
out of danger 脱离危险
(2)dangerous adj. 危险的(指对别人造成危害或危险)
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)Many rare animals are in danger of dying out.
(2)The bridge is dangerous(danger) and you’d better not walk on it.
(3)He was very ill last week but is now out of danger.
due to... 由于； 由……造成； 归功于； 应给予
①(教材P16)Due to pollution and climate change, about 50% of the world’s fresh-water habitats have been destroyed in the last 100 years.
由于污染和气候的变化， 在近100年来大约有百分之五十的世界上的淡水来源地被毁坏。
②The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.
欠他的工资明天会付给他。
表示“起因于” 的词组还有：
because of 因为
owing to 归功于， 由于
thanks to 多亏了
on account of 由于
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)The girl didn’t go to school because of her illness.
(2)Thanks to his effort, it is more successful than we have expected.
(教材P15)Many people thought that permission wouldn’t be given, and some thought the project should never have been allowed.
许多人认为是不会给予许可的， 也有一些人认为这项工程本来就不应该被允许。
本句中的should never have been allowed是“should have done” 结构， 意为“本该做某事(实际上未做)” , 是与过去事实相反的虚拟。
might have done 本可能做某事(实际上未做); 可能做了某事
could have done 本能做某事(实际上未做); 可能做了某事
needn’t have done 本不必做某事(实际上做了)
must have done 一定做了某事
can’t have done 不可能做了某事
She should have told me the news earlier.
她本应该及早告诉我这个消息。(但她没有早告诉我)
[巧学活用]——单句语法填空
(1)I can’t find him. He might have left(leave) our village.
(2)The children must have got(get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp.
(教材P16)Rivers, lakes and wet-lands are sources of fresh water, not only for humans, but for wildlife as well.
河流、 湖泊和湿地不仅是人类也是野生动物的淡水来源。
not only...but also...表示“不仅……而且……”， also有时可省略， 一般用于连接并列的句子成分。有时用as well代替also, 但as well常置于句尾。
She is not only good at mathematics, but she is interested in English as well.
她不但擅长数学， 而且对英语也很感兴趣。
not only...but also...连接并列主语时， 谓语动词的单复数应该与but also后面的主语保持一致。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)他不仅强壮、 健康， 而且还很聪明。
He is not only strong and healthy, but also very smart．
(2)不仅是你， 我哥哥也在这所大学教学。
Not only you but also my brother teaches in this college.
品句填词
1．Schools should (采用) different approaches to arouse the students’ interest in study.
答案：adopt
2．It was (考虑周到的) of you to remind me of the meeting tonight.
答案：considerate
3．He got the position on the strength of his skill in (财政)．
答案：finance
4．I can never think clearly enough to (分配) my time properly.
答案：allocate
5．The soldiers (使锋利) their knives before leaving the camp.
答案：sharpened
6．In the course of (进化), some birds have lost the power of flight.
答案：evolution
7．It has been (推算) that the project will last five months.
答案：calculated
8．They carefully packed the (易碎的) china into cartons.
答案：fragile
9．Einstein once said, “ (政治) is much more difficult than physics.”
答案：Politics
10．The statue was (雕刻) out of marble.
答案：carved
单句改错
1．Adopting by the old couple, the boy has been living a happy life.
答案：Adopting→Adopted
2．It is considerate for you to offer me the good chance.
答案：for →of
3．The group has decided to allocate some young trees for the villagers.
答案：for→to
4．As the matter of fact, we don’t like the new teacher at all.
答案：第一个the→a
5．Hearing that her son was in the danger, the woman began to cry.
答案：去掉第一个the
完成句子
1．他不仅读了这本书， 而且还记得所读内容。
He read the book, remembered what he had read.
答案：not only; but also
2．不仅你， 张先生也喜欢这个新电影。
likes the new film.
答案：Not only you but also Mr.Zhang
3．老师不仅要关心学生的学业， 还要关心他们的生活。
should a teacher care about students’ studies care for their life as well.
答案：Not only; but
4．他本不必排队的； 他本应该从售票机上买票。
He in a queue; he should have got the ticket from the machine.
答案：needn’t have stood
5．假如没有您慷慨相助， 我就不会度过那段艰难的时期。
I that bitter period without your generous help.
答案：couldn’t have gone through
课文语篇改错
According to a report which aim to assess the levels of noise pollution in China, noise pollution is becoming a seriously problem all over the world. There is much noise pollution in China’s urban areas than in China’s countryside. Global levels of noise pollution are in the increase. The Chinese government has adopted several effective noise control plans, so we can be optimistic about China future. As a matter of fact, average urban noise pollution levels decreased by 3 decibels since 1989. The government hopes to far reduce noise pollution levels in the future with continued efforts. With new regulations or urban plans, pollution levels should be drop even further. Within the next ten years, China would become one of the least noise-polluted country in Asia.
答案：
According to a report which to assess the levels of noise pollution in China, noise pollution is becoming a problem all over the world. There is noise pollution in China’s urban areas than in China’s countryside. Global levels of noise pollution are the increase. The Chinese government has adopted several effective noise control plans, so we can be optimistic about future. As a matter of fact, average urban noise pollution levels decreased by 3 decibels since 1989. The government hopes to reduce noise pollution levels in the future with continued efforts. With new regulations urban plans, pollution levels should drop even further. Within the next ten years, China would become one of the least noise-polluted in Asia.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．I (meet) you at the station on principle, but my car broke down on the way.
答案：should have met
2．Not only you but also Jack (be) to Hangzhou.
答案：has been
3．Some students quit school due poverty.
答案：to
4．The house is now in danger collapse.
答案：of
5．Her health broke under the pressure of work.
答案：down
6．My pencil doesn’t write well; I must (sharp) it.
答案：sharpen
7．It cost more than what was allocated the budget.
答案：for
8．It’s (consider) of the waitress to warm the plate before she serves the food.
答案：considerate
9．The (adopt) orphan tried his best to meet the need of the old couple.
答案：adopted
10．Our football team has got a very (experience) coach.
答案：experienced
阅读理解
I am a new knitter(编织者), but an experienced novelist. It’s only lately that I’ve begun to realize what my two favorite activities have in common. While majoring in biology at college, I had been working hard at my classes, so I was looking for something easy to do. From the moment I began writing, it absorbed my attention. Seven hours could pass like seven minutes. I had found my passion(热情)!
Knitting had the same effect on me. I’ve never been a crafty person. But for whatever reason, knitting became my passion for those times when I needed an excuse to sit.
When I decided to go to graduate school to learn creative writing, I met many other writers who were convinced they would one day be successful. The thing is, the writers who managed to publish books weren’t necessarily the ones who were so confident, or even talented. Instead, they were the writers most committed to working and revising their writing. They brought many stories and reworked them over and over again.
Similarly, with every sweater I’ve made, I’ve had to go back and pull it out many times. “You’re not really going to do it over again, are you？” my husband will ask. “Nobody will even see that！” Maybe not. But I’ll know the mistake is there, so I pull out the sweater and start over, the same way I revise my imperfect sentences.
During two decades of writing fiction, I still hadn’t sold a novel, only a memoir(回忆录). Disappointed, I self－published one of my novels, Sleeping Tigers. Two weeks later, my agent sold my newest novel, The Wishing Hill. I have a knitting group, and my writing life has been made possible by being friends with other fiction writers, who cheer each other on through rejections, revisions, and publication, too.
Whether you’re writing or knitting, follow your passion with purpose and give yourself the time each project takes to start, complete, and revise—even if you have to pull the whole thing apart and start over.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在写作和编织的过程中发现了两个爱好的共同点。
1．We can learn from Paragraph 1 that the author ．
A．is good at knitting
B．teaches biology in college
C．spends seven hours every day on writing
D．has found the similarity of her two activities
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的It’s only lately that I’ve begun to realize what my two favorite activities have in common.可知，作者找到了两个爱好的共同点。
2．What effect does knitting have on the author?
A．She can rest when knitting.
B．She can kill time by knitting.
C．She gets absorbed in knitting.
D．She gets smarter through knitting.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的From the moment I began writing, it absorbed my attention.和第二段中的Knitting had the same effect on me.可知，作者爱上了编织。
3．How should writers do to publish their works according to the author?
A．By making friends with writers.
B．By preparing various stories.
C．By attending writing classes.
D．By polishing their works.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的they were the writers most committed to working and revising their writing可知，作者认为能够成功出版书籍的作者通常会不断修改自己的作品。
4．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The sweater.
B．The mistake.
C．The similarity.
D．The perfection.
B 解析：代词指代题。根据第四段中的I’ve had to go back and pull it out many times以及画线词后的But I’ll know the mistake is there...the same way I revise my imperfect sentences.可知，画线词指代作者在编织过程中犯的错误。
完形填空
It all started in the fourth grade when I dropped my water bottle on another student’s foot. The 1 asked, “Austin, why did you throw that at her？” In response I 2 ， “I didn’t. I just dropped it.” “Don’t lie to me，” she said 3 . “Go to the headmaster’s office.” “This is 4 ， getting in trouble for something I didn’t do，” I 5 ， leaving the classroom.
As I walked into the office, I realized I was kind of 6 . Right away, the headmaster started yelling at me; his face was bright red and he wouldn’t let me 7 . He was known to pinch(捏着) a student’s neck if the kid didn’t 8 him. “If you keep going down this path, you will be 9 seriously，” he claimed. I was 10 him screaming at me, so when I left I shut the door in his 11 . Then I was suspended(停学) for months.
In the fifth grade, my 12 got worse. I fought with the science teacher all the time, which I felt kind of bad about 13 it was his first year teaching. In the sixth grade, I even had to go to the youth court, where I was 14 to only end up on probation(缓刑)．
Finally, when I got to high school, I 15 that if I kept being naughty I wouldn’t get 16 in life, so I decided that I had to make a 17 . I did a 180－degree turn at school. I went from the bad boy to a student teachers 18 in their class and went to my dream college. Now I’m working in an office to 19 teenagers who need help. I should say that if I hadn’t 20 my faults when I was younger, I probably wouldn’t be the guy I am today.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者向我们讲述了曾经顽劣的自己洗心革面的故事。
1．A.student B．teacher
C．stranger D．partner
B 解析：根据下文对话的语境可知，作者的老师(teacher)质问他为什么用水瓶砸同学的脚。
2．A.argued B．warned
C．approved D．wondered
A 解析：根据“I didn’t. I just dropped it.”可知，作者被误解后跟老师争论(argued)。
3．A.sadly B．carefully
C．strictly D．nervously
C 解析：根据Don’t lie to me的语境可知，老师语气很严厉，故选“strictly”。
4．A.great B．stupid
C．boring D．reasonable
B 解析：作者觉得自己因为没做过的事惹上麻烦，这很荒谬，故选“stupid”。
5．A.promised B．apologized
C．admitted D．complained
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者抱怨(complained)说自己因为没做过的事惹上麻烦。
6．A.afraid B．delighted
C．encouraged D．disappointed
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者来到校长办公室后感到有点害怕(afraid)。
7．A.study B．explain
C．understand D．perform
B 解析：校长生气地责骂作者，不让他做解释(explain)。
8．A.like B．obey
C．help D．notice
B 解析：对于不听话的学生，校长总会去捏他们的脖子，故选“obey”。
9．A.avoided B．watched
C．punished D．considered
C 解析：联系上下文可知，校长对作者说如果他继续做坏事就会受到严厉惩罚(punished)。
10．A.tired of B．worried about
C．aware of D．satisfied with
A 解析：根据后面的I shut the door可知，作者厌烦了(tired of)校长对他的大嚷大叫。
11．A.head B．face
C．neck D．back
B 解析：作者离开校长办公室时当着校长的面把门砰地关上了，故选“face”。
12．A.point B．habit
C．mood D．behavior
D 解析：根据后文的I fought with the science teacher all the time...可知，作者的行为(behavior)变得更加糟糕了。
13．A.so B．but
C．because D．although
C 解析：作者对和科学老师作对感到有点不好意思，因为(because)这位老师第一年教学。
14．A.lucky B．ready
C．unwilling D．regretful
A 解析：作者在六年级甚至上了少年法庭，但很幸运得到了缓刑，故选“lucky”。
15．A.hoped B．realized
C．suggested D．pretended
B 解析：进入高中后，作者意识到(realized)自己不能一直这么顽劣。
16．A.somewhere B．nowhere
C．anywhere D．everywhere
C 解析：作者想到如果自己继续这么顽劣的话，他不会取得任何成就，故选“anywhere”。
17．A.wish B．change
C．decision D．difference
B 解析：根据语境可知，幡然醒悟的作者觉得自己必须做出改变(change)。
18．A.ignored B．visited
C．discovered D．appreciated
D 解析：作者从一个坏男孩变成了班级里让老师们欣赏(appreciated)的学生。
19．A.support B．hire
C．criticize D．challenge
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者现在的工作主要是为那些需要帮助的青少年提供支持，故选“support”。
20．A.worked out B．reflected on
C．believed in D．picked up
B 解析：作者认为自己如果没有及时反省当初所犯的错就不会成为现在的自己，故选“reflected on”。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead to physical changes in the brain and cause trouble in learning and memory, and even anxiety. This is suggested by the results of new research on mice.
While other studies have shown the harmful effects of polluted air in the lungs and heart, this is the first to show the negative effect on the brain.
The team of Laura Fonken, Randy Nelson, from the Ohio State University, U．S.A., has spread to the brain a previous line of research which found that fine particulate (微粒) matter floating in the air mainly because of air pollution caused by humans, causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases.
In the research Fonken and his colleagues exposed mice to polluted air for six hours each day, five days a week, over a period of 10 months, almost half the average life length of mice.
Polluted air contains fine particles created by cars, factories and natural dust. Fine particles of this kind are tiny, about 2.5 micrometers in diameter, or about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. These particles can go deep into lungs and other organs.
The concentration of this particulate material to which they exposed mice is equal to the concentration at which people can be exposed in some polluted urban areas.
After a period of 10 months, the researchers got the animals to have a series of behavioral tests. Both the behavior of mice and the results of neurological(神经的) tests done to them show that those within the polluted air had more problems in learning and memory, and higher levels of anxiety.
The results suggest that long-time exposure to polluted air can have measurable negative effects on the human brain and can cause a variety of mental health problems. This could have important consequences for those living and working in polluted urban areas.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普文章，讲述了最新的一项发现，让老鼠长期待在污染的空气中，除掉过去人们已经发现的对身体的影响外，首次发现了污染对神经系统的影响。这会引起居住在污染的城市居民的关注。
1．The results of new research on mice first suggest that polluted air mainly does harm to ．
A．normal organs
B．lungs and heart
C．mental health
D．blood pressure
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead to...和第二段内容可知，空气污染会损害人的神经健康。
2．The bad effects of tiny particles in polluted air are those EXCEPT ．
A．high blood pressure problems
B．making human hair thinner
C．different kinds of diseases
D．swelling in much of the body
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段because of air pollution caused by humans, causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases可知，A、C、D项都可能是空气污染对人体的损害。但B项未提及。
3．From the last sentence we can infer that people living in polluted urban areas ．
A．are likely to suffer from mental problems
B．can measure the negative effect on them
C．show little concern for air pollution
D．can be exposed to polluted air longer
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，长期的空气污染可能会导致人的精神问题。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Long-time Exposure to Air Pollution
B．Evidence and Concern of Air Pollution
C．Measurable Effect on Human Brain
D．Mental Problems Caused by Air Pollution
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文理解可知，文章讲述最新的一项科学发现，让老鼠长期待在污染的空气中，除过去人们已经发现的对身体的影响外，首次发现了污染对神经系统的影响。这会引起居住在污染的城市居民的关注，故标题用D合适。
B
Focusing on your phone in a social setting is known as “phubbing”—a combination of “phone” and “snubbing(冷落)．” I think using your smartphone when you’re with other people is rude, but I still do it all the time. I try to apologize when I do—“Sorry, I just need to text this person/send this email/check this map quickly”—but lately I’ve felt ruder asking someone else to stop using their phone. It seems needy and unkind to shame them for not giving me their full attention at every moment.
A new study published in Computers in Human Behavior looks at what causes people to phub, and how it seems to have become just a normal part of life. A group of 276 participants took several surveys that measured their experiences of phubbing and being phubbed, as well as levels of Internet addiction, smartphone addiction, self－control, and fear of missing out (FOMO). According to the results, the people most likely to focus on a screen while surrounded by friends were lower in self－control, higher in FOMO, and higher on the levels of Internet and smartphone addiction.
The most interesting thing this study found was that people who reportedly phub more often are also more likely to be phubbed themselves. According to the authors, from the University of Kent, if one person in a group is using the cellphone, that opens the door for others, who may start to think it’s socially acceptable just because they keep seeing people do it. If people think it’s no big deal to check their phone at a group dinner, they may well assume that everybody else is fine with it too, so they won’t feel social pressure not to do it.
As you phub, so shall you be phubbed in return. Even if we act like phubbing is no big deal, it still hurts whenever we’re phubbed by our friends or partners. We probably feel a little less important and the relationship feels a little less secure.
【解题导语】 本文主要探讨了在社交场合玩手机上瘾的“低头族”现象。
5．We can learn from the first paragraph that the author ．
A．decides to phub less frequently
B．has mixed feelings about phubbing
C．thinks it’s rude to phub in public places
D．has difficulty dealing with social anxiety
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段I think using your smartphone...not giving me their full attention at every moment.可知，作者觉得在社交场合玩手机不礼貌但自己忍不住玩手机，同时也无法阻止别人玩手机，说明他对“低头族”现象情绪复杂。
6．Which word is most suitable for a phubber?
A．Dangerous. B．Sociable.
C．Addictive. D．Confident.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段the people most likely...higher on the levels of Internet and smartphone addiction可知，“低头族”玩手机上瘾。
7．People who phub more often are likely to be phubbed because ．
A．they create an easy atmosphere for phubbing
B．they convince others that phubbing is boring
C．people around them tend to phub out of anger
D．people around them feel pressure to do other things
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段that opens the door for others...won’t feel social pressure not to do it可推断，“低头族”更容易被类似的人冷落是因为他们的行为为手机上瘾创造了易于接受的氛围。
8．The last paragraph suggests that phubbing ．
A．makes people become more patient
B．can bring amazing effects sometimes
C．can be harmful to human relationships
D．harms people’s physical and mental health
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段末句We probably feel a little less important and the relationship feels a little less secure.可知，“低头族”现象会有损于人际关系。
语法填空
Home offices are quite popular now. People who want to create 1. comfortable working environment at home have to consider their space, equipment, and furniture needs. They should have a 2. (reason) budget plan for the development of their home office. They should also 3. (careful) consider options for keeping privacy as well as encouraging productivity.
People who live together may decide to set up a home office for two members due to 4. (have) limited space. It is often possible for the two parties 5. (share) some home office equipment, such as computer printers, fax machines, and bookcases. In situations 6. each member works for different companies, they must have their own equipment for safety reasons. Other 7. (consider) include phone and Internet service. The members may wish to order separate phone lines so that each can conduct telephone business without delay. In many cases, only one Internet connection will be necessary 8. a home office for two. Things that they should discuss also include the temperature at which a room 9. (keep) and the type of lighting with which each is most comfortable.
In a word, building a home office 10. (need) full preparations.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了创建家庭办公室的相关知识。
1．a 解析：考查冠词。创建一个舒适的家庭办公环境需要考虑多方面的因素。
2．reasonable 解析：考查形容词。创建家庭办公室要有合理的预算方案。
3．carefully 解析：考查副词。在创建家庭办公室时人们也要仔细考虑如何做到兼顾隐私和效率。此处用副词修饰动词consider。
4．having 解析：考查非谓语动词。本句due to中的to为介词，所以后面接动词的-ing形式。
5．to share 解析：考查非谓语动词。本句为固定句型It is＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.，此处用动词不定式作真正主语。
6．where 解析：考查定语从句。此处where在定语从句中作状语，相当于in the situations。
7．considerations 解析：考查名词。电话和网络服务也是其他需要考虑的因素，故填consider的名词复数形式。
8．for 解析：考查介词。be necessary for意为“对……是有必要的”，故填for。
9．is kept 解析：考查动词的时态及语态。本文时态为一般现在时，结合句意可知，本句中room与keep是被动关系，故填一般现在时的被动语态。
10．needs 解析：考查时态与主谓一致。本文时态为一般现在时，此处动名词作主语，故填动词的第三人称单数。
短文改错
Dear classmates，
I’m glad to have the chance to speak here. Today, I’d like to talk about what to deal with our pocket money properly. As it is known to all, we can easy get pocket money from our parents. But it is no good spend it at will. In my opinion, we can use some buy books and magazines. From them, we can get the large amount of knowledges and pleasure. If we loved music or sports, we can spend some developing our interests. If possibly, we’d better put some in the bank, which will help us form the habit in saving money. Don’t you think so? I hope you can give me your opinions.
Thank you!
答案：
Dear classmates，
I’m glad to have the chance to speak here. Today, I’d like to talk about to deal with our pocket money properly. As is known to all, we can get pocket money from our parents. But it is no good it at will. In my opinion, we can use some buy books and magazines. From them, we can get large amount of and pleasure. If we music or sports, we can spend some developing our interests. If ， we’d better put some in the bank, which will help us form the habit saving money. Don’t you think so? I hope you can give me your opinions.
Thank you!
课件50张PPT。Unit 22 Environmental Protectionplug fragile valid evolution carve cube adopt considerate finance allocate sharpen calculate plug one’s earsall the bestsum upas a matter of fact break away fromconcentrate onat one timeas high asstart using different sources of energyshould never have been allowednot only for humans, but for wildlife as wellto bringchangingconsiderableconsiderationadoptableadopted adoption In realityIn actual facttofor allocationfrom down intosharpenedsharplysharpat a timeall the timeof dangerousof of to might have leftmust have gotbut also very smartbut also my brother teaches本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Schools should (采用) different approaches to arouse the students’ interest in study.
答案：adopt
2．It was (考虑周到的) of you to remind me of the meeting tonight.
答案：considerate
3．He got the position on the strength of his skill in (财政)．
答案：finance
4．I can never think clearly enough to (分配) my time properly.
答案：allocate
5．The soldiers (使锋利) their knives before leaving the camp.
答案：sharpened
6．In the course of (进化), some birds have lost the power of flight.
答案：evolution
7．It has been (推算) that the project will last five months.
答案：calculated
8．They carefully packed the (易碎的) china into cartons.
答案：fragile
9．Einstein once said, “ (政治) is much more difficult than physics.”
答案：Politics
10．The statue was (雕刻) out of marble.
答案：carved
单句改错
1．Adopting by the old couple, the boy has been living a happy life.
答案：Adopting→Adopted
2．It is considerate for you to offer me the good chance.
答案：for →of
3．The group has decided to allocate some young trees for the villagers.
答案：for→to
4．As the matter of fact, we don’t like the new teacher at all.
答案：第一个the→a
5．Hearing that her son was in the danger, the woman began to cry.
答案：去掉第一个the
完成句子
1．他不仅读了这本书， 而且还记得所读内容。
He read the book, remembered what he had read.
答案：not only; but also
2．不仅你， 张先生也喜欢这个新电影。
likes the new film.
答案：Not only you but also Mr.Zhang
3．老师不仅要关心学生的学业， 还要关心他们的生活。
should a teacher care about students’ studies care for their life as well.
答案：Not only; but
4．他本不必排队的； 他本应该从售票机上买票。
He in a queue; he should have got the ticket from the machine.
答案：needn’t have stood
5．假如没有您慷慨相助， 我就不会度过那段艰难的时期。
I that bitter period without your generous help.
答案：couldn’t have gone through
课文语篇改错
According to a report which aim to assess the levels of noise pollution in China, noise pollution is becoming a seriously problem all over the world. There is much noise pollution in China’s urban areas than in China’s countryside. Global levels of noise pollution are in the increase. The Chinese government has adopted several effective noise control plans, so we can be optimistic about China future. As a matter of fact, average urban noise pollution levels decreased by 3 decibels since 1989. The government hopes to far reduce noise pollution levels in the future with continued efforts. With new regulations or urban plans, pollution levels should be drop even further. Within the next ten years, China would become one of the least noise-polluted country in Asia.
答案：
According to a report which to assess the levels of noise pollution in China, noise pollution is becoming a problem all over the world. There is noise pollution in China’s urban areas than in China’s countryside. Global levels of noise pollution are the increase. The Chinese government has adopted several effective noise control plans, so we can be optimistic about future. As a matter of fact, average urban noise pollution levels decreased by 3 decibels since 1989. The government hopes to reduce noise pollution levels in the future with continued efforts. With new regulations urban plans, pollution levels should drop even further. Within the next ten years, China would become one of the least noise-polluted in Asia.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．I (meet) you at the station on principle, but my car broke down on the way.
答案：should have met
2．Not only you but also Jack (be) to Hangzhou.
答案：has been
3．Some students quit school due poverty.
答案：to
4．The house is now in danger collapse.
答案：of
5．Her health broke under the pressure of work.
答案：down
6．My pencil doesn’t write well; I must (sharp) it.
答案：sharpen
7．It cost more than what was allocated the budget.
答案：for
8．It’s (consider) of the waitress to warm the plate before she serves the food.
答案：considerate
9．The (adopt) orphan tried his best to meet the need of the old couple.
答案：adopted
10．Our football team has got a very (experience) coach.
答案：experienced
阅读理解
I am a new knitter(编织者), but an experienced novelist. It’s only lately that I’ve begun to realize what my two favorite activities have in common. While majoring in biology at college, I had been working hard at my classes, so I was looking for something easy to do. From the moment I began writing, it absorbed my attention. Seven hours could pass like seven minutes. I had found my passion(热情)!
Knitting had the same effect on me. I’ve never been a crafty person. But for whatever reason, knitting became my passion for those times when I needed an excuse to sit.
When I decided to go to graduate school to learn creative writing, I met many other writers who were convinced they would one day be successful. The thing is, the writers who managed to publish books weren’t necessarily the ones who were so confident, or even talented. Instead, they were the writers most committed to working and revising their writing. They brought many stories and reworked them over and over again.
Similarly, with every sweater I’ve made, I’ve had to go back and pull it out many times. “You’re not really going to do it over again, are you？” my husband will ask. “Nobody will even see that！” Maybe not. But I’ll know the mistake is there, so I pull out the sweater and start over, the same way I revise my imperfect sentences.
During two decades of writing fiction, I still hadn’t sold a novel, only a memoir(回忆录). Disappointed, I self－published one of my novels, Sleeping Tigers. Two weeks later, my agent sold my newest novel, The Wishing Hill. I have a knitting group, and my writing life has been made possible by being friends with other fiction writers, who cheer each other on through rejections, revisions, and publication, too.
Whether you’re writing or knitting, follow your passion with purpose and give yourself the time each project takes to start, complete, and revise—even if you have to pull the whole thing apart and start over.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在写作和编织的过程中发现了两个爱好的共同点。
1．We can learn from Paragraph 1 that the author ．
A．is good at knitting
B．teaches biology in college
C．spends seven hours every day on writing
D．has found the similarity of her two activities
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的It’s only lately that I’ve begun to realize what my two favorite activities have in common.可知，作者找到了两个爱好的共同点。
2．What effect does knitting have on the author?
A．She can rest when knitting.
B．She can kill time by knitting.
C．She gets absorbed in knitting.
D．She gets smarter through knitting.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的From the moment I began writing, it absorbed my attention.和第二段中的Knitting had the same effect on me.可知，作者爱上了编织。
3．How should writers do to publish their works according to the author?
A．By making friends with writers.
B．By preparing various stories.
C．By attending writing classes.
D．By polishing their works.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的they were the writers most committed to working and revising their writing可知，作者认为能够成功出版书籍的作者通常会不断修改自己的作品。
4．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The sweater.
B．The mistake.
C．The similarity.
D．The perfection.
B 解析：代词指代题。根据第四段中的I’ve had to go back and pull it out many times以及画线词后的But I’ll know the mistake is there...the same way I revise my imperfect sentences.可知，画线词指代作者在编织过程中犯的错误。
完形填空
It all started in the fourth grade when I dropped my water bottle on another student’s foot. The 1 asked, “Austin, why did you throw that at her？” In response I 2 ， “I didn’t. I just dropped it.” “Don’t lie to me，” she said 3 . “Go to the headmaster’s office.” “This is 4 ， getting in trouble for something I didn’t do，” I 5 ， leaving the classroom.
As I walked into the office, I realized I was kind of 6 . Right away, the headmaster started yelling at me; his face was bright red and he wouldn’t let me 7 . He was known to pinch(捏着) a student’s neck if the kid didn’t 8 him. “If you keep going down this path, you will be 9 seriously，” he claimed. I was 10 him screaming at me, so when I left I shut the door in his 11 . Then I was suspended(停学) for months.
In the fifth grade, my 12 got worse. I fought with the science teacher all the time, which I felt kind of bad about 13 it was his first year teaching. In the sixth grade, I even had to go to the youth court, where I was 14 to only end up on probation(缓刑)．
Finally, when I got to high school, I 15 that if I kept being naughty I wouldn’t get 16 in life, so I decided that I had to make a 17 . I did a 180－degree turn at school. I went from the bad boy to a student teachers 18 in their class and went to my dream college. Now I’m working in an office to 19 teenagers who need help. I should say that if I hadn’t 20 my faults when I was younger, I probably wouldn’t be the guy I am today.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者向我们讲述了曾经顽劣的自己洗心革面的故事。
1．A.student B．teacher
C．stranger D．partner
B 解析：根据下文对话的语境可知，作者的老师(teacher)质问他为什么用水瓶砸同学的脚。
2．A.argued B．warned
C．approved D．wondered
A 解析：根据“I didn’t. I just dropped it.”可知，作者被误解后跟老师争论(argued)。
3．A.sadly B．carefully
C．strictly D．nervously
C 解析：根据Don’t lie to me的语境可知，老师语气很严厉，故选“strictly”。
4．A.great B．stupid
C．boring D．reasonable
B 解析：作者觉得自己因为没做过的事惹上麻烦，这很荒谬，故选“stupid”。
5．A.promised B．apologized
C．admitted D．complained
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者抱怨(complained)说自己因为没做过的事惹上麻烦。
6．A.afraid B．delighted
C．encouraged D．disappointed
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者来到校长办公室后感到有点害怕(afraid)。
7．A.study B．explain
C．understand D．perform
B 解析：校长生气地责骂作者，不让他做解释(explain)。
8．A.like B．obey
C．help D．notice
B 解析：对于不听话的学生，校长总会去捏他们的脖子，故选“obey”。
9．A.avoided B．watched
C．punished D．considered
C 解析：联系上下文可知，校长对作者说如果他继续做坏事就会受到严厉惩罚(punished)。
10．A.tired of B．worried about
C．aware of D．satisfied with
A 解析：根据后面的I shut the door可知，作者厌烦了(tired of)校长对他的大嚷大叫。
11．A.head B．face
C．neck D．back
B 解析：作者离开校长办公室时当着校长的面把门砰地关上了，故选“face”。
12．A.point B．habit
C．mood D．behavior
D 解析：根据后文的I fought with the science teacher all the time...可知，作者的行为(behavior)变得更加糟糕了。
13．A.so B．but
C．because D．although
C 解析：作者对和科学老师作对感到有点不好意思，因为(because)这位老师第一年教学。
14．A.lucky B．ready
C．unwilling D．regretful
A 解析：作者在六年级甚至上了少年法庭，但很幸运得到了缓刑，故选“lucky”。
15．A.hoped B．realized
C．suggested D．pretended
B 解析：进入高中后，作者意识到(realized)自己不能一直这么顽劣。
16．A.somewhere B．nowhere
C．anywhere D．everywhere
C 解析：作者想到如果自己继续这么顽劣的话，他不会取得任何成就，故选“anywhere”。
17．A.wish B．change
C．decision D．difference
B 解析：根据语境可知，幡然醒悟的作者觉得自己必须做出改变(change)。
18．A.ignored B．visited
C．discovered D．appreciated
D 解析：作者从一个坏男孩变成了班级里让老师们欣赏(appreciated)的学生。
19．A.support B．hire
C．criticize D．challenge
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者现在的工作主要是为那些需要帮助的青少年提供支持，故选“support”。
20．A.worked out B．reflected on
C．believed in D．picked up
B 解析：作者认为自己如果没有及时反省当初所犯的错就不会成为现在的自己，故选“reflected on”。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead to physical changes in the brain and cause trouble in learning and memory, and even anxiety. This is suggested by the results of new research on mice.
While other studies have shown the harmful effects of polluted air in the lungs and heart, this is the first to show the negative effect on the brain.
The team of Laura Fonken, Randy Nelson, from the Ohio State University, U．S.A., has spread to the brain a previous line of research which found that fine particulate (微粒) matter floating in the air mainly because of air pollution caused by humans, causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases.
In the research Fonken and his colleagues exposed mice to polluted air for six hours each day, five days a week, over a period of 10 months, almost half the average life length of mice.
Polluted air contains fine particles created by cars, factories and natural dust. Fine particles of this kind are tiny, about 2.5 micrometers in diameter, or about one-thirtieth the width of a human hair. These particles can go deep into lungs and other organs.
The concentration of this particulate material to which they exposed mice is equal to the concentration at which people can be exposed in some polluted urban areas.
After a period of 10 months, the researchers got the animals to have a series of behavioral tests. Both the behavior of mice and the results of neurological(神经的) tests done to them show that those within the polluted air had more problems in learning and memory, and higher levels of anxiety.
The results suggest that long-time exposure to polluted air can have measurable negative effects on the human brain and can cause a variety of mental health problems. This could have important consequences for those living and working in polluted urban areas.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普文章，讲述了最新的一项发现，让老鼠长期待在污染的空气中，除掉过去人们已经发现的对身体的影响外，首次发现了污染对神经系统的影响。这会引起居住在污染的城市居民的关注。
1．The results of new research on mice first suggest that polluted air mainly does harm to ．
A．normal organs
B．lungs and heart
C．mental health
D．blood pressure
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的Long-time exposure to air pollution can lead to...和第二段内容可知，空气污染会损害人的神经健康。
2．The bad effects of tiny particles in polluted air are those EXCEPT ．
A．high blood pressure problems
B．making human hair thinner
C．different kinds of diseases
D．swelling in much of the body
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段because of air pollution caused by humans, causes swelling in much of the body, and may be related to high blood pressure problems, and some other diseases可知，A、C、D项都可能是空气污染对人体的损害。但B项未提及。
3．From the last sentence we can infer that people living in polluted urban areas ．
A．are likely to suffer from mental problems
B．can measure the negative effect on them
C．show little concern for air pollution
D．can be exposed to polluted air longer
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，长期的空气污染可能会导致人的精神问题。
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Long-time Exposure to Air Pollution
B．Evidence and Concern of Air Pollution
C．Measurable Effect on Human Brain
D．Mental Problems Caused by Air Pollution
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文理解可知，文章讲述最新的一项科学发现，让老鼠长期待在污染的空气中，除过去人们已经发现的对身体的影响外，首次发现了污染对神经系统的影响。这会引起居住在污染的城市居民的关注，故标题用D合适。
B
Focusing on your phone in a social setting is known as “phubbing”—a combination of “phone” and “snubbing(冷落)．” I think using your smartphone when you’re with other people is rude, but I still do it all the time. I try to apologize when I do—“Sorry, I just need to text this person/send this email/check this map quickly”—but lately I’ve felt ruder asking someone else to stop using their phone. It seems needy and unkind to shame them for not giving me their full attention at every moment.
A new study published in Computers in Human Behavior looks at what causes people to phub, and how it seems to have become just a normal part of life. A group of 276 participants took several surveys that measured their experiences of phubbing and being phubbed, as well as levels of Internet addiction, smartphone addiction, self－control, and fear of missing out (FOMO). According to the results, the people most likely to focus on a screen while surrounded by friends were lower in self－control, higher in FOMO, and higher on the levels of Internet and smartphone addiction.
The most interesting thing this study found was that people who reportedly phub more often are also more likely to be phubbed themselves. According to the authors, from the University of Kent, if one person in a group is using the cellphone, that opens the door for others, who may start to think it’s socially acceptable just because they keep seeing people do it. If people think it’s no big deal to check their phone at a group dinner, they may well assume that everybody else is fine with it too, so they won’t feel social pressure not to do it.
As you phub, so shall you be phubbed in return. Even if we act like phubbing is no big deal, it still hurts whenever we’re phubbed by our friends or partners. We probably feel a little less important and the relationship feels a little less secure.
【解题导语】 本文主要探讨了在社交场合玩手机上瘾的“低头族”现象。
5．We can learn from the first paragraph that the author ．
A．decides to phub less frequently
B．has mixed feelings about phubbing
C．thinks it’s rude to phub in public places
D．has difficulty dealing with social anxiety
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段I think using your smartphone...not giving me their full attention at every moment.可知，作者觉得在社交场合玩手机不礼貌但自己忍不住玩手机，同时也无法阻止别人玩手机，说明他对“低头族”现象情绪复杂。
6．Which word is most suitable for a phubber?
A．Dangerous. B．Sociable.
C．Addictive. D．Confident.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段the people most likely...higher on the levels of Internet and smartphone addiction可知，“低头族”玩手机上瘾。
7．People who phub more often are likely to be phubbed because ．
A．they create an easy atmosphere for phubbing
B．they convince others that phubbing is boring
C．people around them tend to phub out of anger
D．people around them feel pressure to do other things
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段that opens the door for others...won’t feel social pressure not to do it可推断，“低头族”更容易被类似的人冷落是因为他们的行为为手机上瘾创造了易于接受的氛围。
8．The last paragraph suggests that phubbing ．
A．makes people become more patient
B．can bring amazing effects sometimes
C．can be harmful to human relationships
D．harms people’s physical and mental health
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段末句We probably feel a little less important and the relationship feels a little less secure.可知，“低头族”现象会有损于人际关系。
语法填空
Home offices are quite popular now. People who want to create 1. comfortable working environment at home have to consider their space, equipment, and furniture needs. They should have a 2. (reason) budget plan for the development of their home office. They should also 3. (careful) consider options for keeping privacy as well as encouraging productivity.
People who live together may decide to set up a home office for two members due to 4. (have) limited space. It is often possible for the two parties 5. (share) some home office equipment, such as computer printers, fax machines, and bookcases. In situations 6. each member works for different companies, they must have their own equipment for safety reasons. Other 7. (consider) include phone and Internet service. The members may wish to order separate phone lines so that each can conduct telephone business without delay. In many cases, only one Internet connection will be necessary 8. a home office for two. Things that they should discuss also include the temperature at which a room 9. (keep) and the type of lighting with which each is most comfortable.
In a word, building a home office 10. (need) full preparations.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了创建家庭办公室的相关知识。
1．a 解析：考查冠词。创建一个舒适的家庭办公环境需要考虑多方面的因素。
2．reasonable 解析：考查形容词。创建家庭办公室要有合理的预算方案。
3．carefully 解析：考查副词。在创建家庭办公室时人们也要仔细考虑如何做到兼顾隐私和效率。此处用副词修饰动词consider。
4．having 解析：考查非谓语动词。本句due to中的to为介词，所以后面接动词的-ing形式。
5．to share 解析：考查非谓语动词。本句为固定句型It is＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.，此处用动词不定式作真正主语。
6．where 解析：考查定语从句。此处where在定语从句中作状语，相当于in the situations。
7．considerations 解析：考查名词。电话和网络服务也是其他需要考虑的因素，故填consider的名词复数形式。
8．for 解析：考查介词。be necessary for意为“对……是有必要的”，故填for。
9．is kept 解析：考查动词的时态及语态。本文时态为一般现在时，结合句意可知，本句中room与keep是被动关系，故填一般现在时的被动语态。
10．needs 解析：考查时态与主谓一致。本文时态为一般现在时，此处动名词作主语，故填动词的第三人称单数。
短文改错
Dear classmates，
I’m glad to have the chance to speak here. Today, I’d like to talk about what to deal with our pocket money properly. As it is known to all, we can easy get pocket money from our parents. But it is no good spend it at will. In my opinion, we can use some buy books and magazines. From them, we can get the large amount of knowledges and pleasure. If we loved music or sports, we can spend some developing our interests. If possibly, we’d better put some in the bank, which will help us form the habit in saving money. Don’t you think so? I hope you can give me your opinions.
Thank you!
答案：
Dear classmates，
I’m glad to have the chance to speak here. Today, I’d like to talk about to deal with our pocket money properly. As is known to all, we can get pocket money from our parents. But it is no good it at will. In my opinion, we can use some buy books and magazines. From them, we can get large amount of and pleasure. If we music or sports, we can spend some developing our interests. If ， we’d better put some in the bank, which will help us form the habit saving money. Don’t you think so? I hope you can give me your opinions.
Thank you!
Section Ⅴ Grammar & Writing
[学生用书P22]
转述结构与被动语态
单句语法填空
1．The boy admitted (cheat) in the last exam.
答案：cheating
2．They agreed (offer) us some advice on how to paint the wall.
答案：to offer
3．Look! The old car (wash) by that old man.
答案：is being washing
4．A lot of young trees (plant) here already.
答案：have been planted
5．It is clear that the dirty house needs (clean) very much.
答案：to be cleaned
一、转述结构
可用于转述某人所说的话的动词及常用句型：
常用动词
常用句型
例句
insist，complain，
add，admit，agree，announce，
believe，claim，declare，explain
动词＋that从句
They complained that the price of books had increased.
他们抱怨说书价提高了。
I should like to add that we should take some umbrellas with us.
我还要补充说我们应该带着雨伞。
The captain announced that the plane was going to land.
机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。
warn，remind
动词＋sb. ＋that从句
The whistle warned visitors that the ship was ready to sail.
汽笛通知旅客轮船即将起航。
Please remind me that I must call her up before nine.
请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。
advise，beg，order，promise
动词＋sb.＋to do sth.
I begged her not to go，but she did not listen to me.
我恳求她不要去，但是她不听我的。
They ordered him to stop firing.
他们命令他停止开枪。
They had promised their teacher to behave better.
他们答应老师要表现好一些。
agree，offer，
refuse，
threaten
动词＋to do sth.
His father threatened to punish him.
父亲威胁说要惩罚他。
He agreed to come to school earlier.
他同意早一点去学校。
He offered to help me with my English.
他答应要帮助我学习英语。
admit，
deny，
suggest
动词＋doing
They don’t admit smoking in the meeting room.
他们不允许在会议室吸烟。
He denied stealing a book.
他否认偷了一本书。
He suggested going out for a walk.
他建议出去走走。
inquire，
ask，
wonder，
doubt
动词＋whether/if从句
She inquired whether my mother was well.
她问起我母亲是否健康。
I doubt whether he is at home.
我看他不一定在家。
accuse of
accuse sb. of...
The police accused him of murder.
警方指控他谋杀。
二、被动语态
1．被动语态的结构
一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词(短语)才有被动语态。动作的执行者一般由介词by引起的短语来表示(by短语通常可以省略)。被动语态由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成。现以动词do为例，列出常用的被动语态。
构成
例句
一般现在时
is/am/are＋done
How is this word pronounced？这个单词怎么发音？
一般过去时
was/were＋done
She was asked to sing a song. 大家要求她唱首歌。
一般将来时
will/shall＋be done
Some of you will be sent to America for further training. 你们中有些人将被送到美国接受进一步的培训。
is/am/are＋going to＋be done
The trees are going to be planted along the river. 沿河种树。
现在进行时
is/am/are＋being done
The classroom is being cleaned by the students.
学生们正在打扫教室。
现在完成时
have/has＋been done
All the work has been finished.
所有工作都已完成了。
过去进行时
was/were＋being done
Mom told me that grandma was being taken good care of in that nursing home.
妈妈告诉我，奶奶在那个疗养院被照顾得很好。
过去完成时
had＋been done
It was the first time that I had been criticized in public.
那是我第一次当众挨批。
过去将来时
would＋be done
He did know the job would be kept for him.
他知道这项工作给他留着。
情态动词的被动结构
情态动词＋be done
Everything that can be done has been done.
能做的都已做了。
All the mobile phones must be turned off during the meeting.
开会期间关掉手机。
My homework can be finished in two hours.
我的作业两小时之内能完成。
(1)在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。
I was made to start to work at once.
要求我立即开始工作。
(2)带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表物的直接宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表人的间接宾语，或将表人的间接宾语变为主语即可。
My father is telling me an interesting story now.
→An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.
→I’m being told an interesting story by my father now.
爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。
(3)动词短语作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，要把动词短语作为一个整体使用，而不能将其分开或去掉某部分。
My grandparents have taken care of me these years.
→I have been taken care of by my grandparents these years.
这些年来祖父母一直照顾我。
2．非谓语的被动语态
非谓语
成分
一般式
完成式
例句
动词-ing
主语、表语、宾语、定语
being done
having been done
He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child.
他记得小时候曾经被人带着去过北京。
状语
being done
having been done
Being surrounded，the enemy troops were forced to surrender.
被紧密包围着，敌人被迫投降。
Having been told many times, she still couldn’t understand it.
被告知了很多次，她还是不明白。
不定式
主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语
to be done表示规律性的动作或所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或谓语动词之后发生
to have beendone所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前
The apples need to be washed.
这些苹果需要洗一下。
It is a great honor for him to have been elected a model worker.
对他来说被选为劳模是很大的荣耀。
单句语法填空
1．The press conference is (hold) tomorrow.
答案：to be held
2．The question (discuss) at present.
答案：is being discussed
3．It was said that some houses (burn) down in the big fire.
答案：had been burnt
4．I tried to advise her (change) her attitude, but failed.
答案：to change
5．The man denied (steal) the computer from the company.
答案：stealing
6．I am sorry (step) on your foot just now.
答案：to have stepped
7．Next week we will go to America. Our pet dog (take) care of by grandma.
答案：will be taken
8． (blame) by the teacher, the girl was in low spirits.
答案：Having been blamed
9．No matter what I said, he refused (come) with us.
答案：to come
10．The dog was afraid of (abandon) by its owner.
答案：being abandoned
单句改错
1．The scientist said he has spent 10 years working at the research.
答案：has→had
2．He says he bought a beautiful car the day ago.
答案：ago→before
3．The astronomer told us the moon moved around the earth.
答案：moved→moves
4．Having invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow.
答案：Having后加been
5．This question is far from settled.
答案：from后加being
语法与写作
1．这位老人建议我们去附近的商店买一张地图。
The old man suggested us ．
答案：buying a map in the shop nearby
2．请提醒我在本周末给我的父母写信。
Please this weekend.
答案：remind me to write a letter to my parents
3．被老师责备了，这个男孩情绪很低沉。
， the boy was in low spirits.
答案：Having been blamed by his teacher
4．到上个月月底，他已经写了三本短篇小说了。
Three short stories by the end of last month.
答案：had been written by him
5．这个年轻人戒烟了，因为他害怕被足球队开除。
The young man had quit smoking, for he was afraid of the football team.
答案：being taken off
[学生用书P24]
如何写英语报告
文体感知
写英语报告要求在对特定对象进行深入考察了解的基础上， 经过归纳整理， 分析研究， 进而揭示事物的本质， 提出符合实际的结论。报告一般分为四部分：标题(Heading); 报告的目的(Aim of the report); 陈述(Comments); 结论和建议(Conclusion and Suggestions)。写报告应注意知识的科学性， 行文的条理性和语言的准确性。
写作要求
最近， 校园安全成为人们广泛关注的话题。 为确保师生安全， 你校决定禁止外人进入校园。为此， 学校在学生中做了一次“家长该不该进校园及其原因” 的调查。调查结果如下图所示：
根据上图信息， 请以“Should Parents Be Banned from Entering Campus? ” 为题， 用英语写一篇100词左右的报告。
要求如下：
1．简要描述图中的信息(包括人数比率、 观点及原因);
2．谈谈你的看法。
注意：文章的标题和开头已给出(不计入总词数)。
Should Parents Be Banned from Entering Campus?
Recently, campus security has become a hot issue. To ensure security, strangers are banned from entering campus by our school, and a survey has been made among the students about whether parents should be included.
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
报告
话题
校园安全
时态
主体部分用一般现在时
人称
第三人称为主
词句推敲
1．词汇
①校园安全
②根据调查
③同意(观点、 看法等)
④做决定
⑤取决于， 视……而定
⑥采取措施
⑦与……保持联系
⑧总之
答案：①campus security ②according to the survey
③agree with/subscribe to ④make a decision ⑤depend on ⑥take measures/steps/action ⑦keep in touch with ⑧all in all/in a word/in short/in brief
2．句式
①有百分之六十的学生认为父母应该被包括其中， 因为每个人都应该遵守规定。
一般表达：60% of the students think parents should be included. It is a rule everyone should obey.
高级表达：(用状语从句合并句子)
答案：60% of the students think parents should be included because it is a rule everyone should obey.
②另外的百分之二十五的学生认为没有必要禁止家长进校。
一般表达：Another 25% subscribe to the view. There is no need for the ban.
高级表达：(用名词性从句合并句子)
答案：Another 25% subscribe to the view that there is no need for the ban.
③其余的人认为门卫可以视具体情况做出恰当的决定。
一般表达：The rest think the guards can make a proper decision. It depends on certain situations.
高级表达：(用非谓语动词合并句子)
答案：The rest think the guards can make a proper decision depending on certain situations.
④与其补救于已然， 不如防患于未然。
答案：To forestall is better than to amend.
⑤未雨绸缪。
答案：Don’t have the cloak to make when it begins to rain./To repair the house before it rains./Although the sun shines, do not leave your cloak at home.
妙笔成篇
One possible version：
Should Parents Be Banned from Entering Campus?
Recently, campus security has become a hot issue.To ensure security, strangers are banned from entering campus by our school, and a survey has been made among the students about whether parents should be included.
According to the survey, 60% of the students think parents should be included because it is a rule everyone should obey.Another 25% subscribe to the view that there is no need for the ban as their beloved parents couldn’t be a danger to anyone.However, the rest think the guards can make a proper decision depending on certain situations.
Personally, I agree with the first.As the saying goes, “To forestall is better than to amend.” Proper measures should be taken before it’s too late.As for parents, they have some other ways to keep in touch with their children, like making calls or asking for teachers’ help.All in all, campus security calls for everyone’s concern and cooperation.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．It is reported they would give us an examination the next Monday.
答案：that
2．He informed me that the meeting (put) off already.
答案：had been put
3．He is said (study) abroad now.
答案：to be studying
4．The woman is trying to persuade her son (give) up smoking.
答案：to give
5．It is suggested that the problem (solve) in another way.
答案：should be solved
6．His mother (dress) in white at the party.
答案：is dressed
7．Dana admitted (feel) hurt by what I had said.
答案：feeling
8．The officer was accused of (abuse) his power.
答案：abusing
9．After the accident, the injured (take) to hospital.
答案：were taken
10．The book is difficult (understand)．
答案：to understand
阅读理解
A
As Antarctic ice continues to melt at an alarming rate, scientists warn that the well-being of penguins native to the area is becoming increasingly threatened.
According to a new report, the welfare and existence of at least half of the world’s 18 penguin species will be badly affected if the warming of the Antarctic Peninsula continues. Experts say that a big part of the problem is related to food：Less ice means less krill(磷虾), a cornerstone(基石) of the Antarctic ecosystem and a mainstay of a penguin’s diet.
“When you look at all penguins they are largely in trouble，” said Oxford University penguinologist Tom Hart, who spends a few months every year observing penguins along the Antarctic coast.“We’re so concerned because we’re seeing great changes to their populations. They’re probably not going to go extinct anytime soon, but the environment is changing very fast.”
Emperor penguins, Adelies and chinstraps, for example, live entirely in the Antarctic. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), both emperor penguins and Adelies are considered “near threatened”. Even populations of chinstraps, not usually considered a vulnerable(易危的) species, have “declined by up to 50 percent in the last 30 years”， Hart said. “The general public doesn’t realize that penguin populations are declining so fast.”
In an interview with the BBC in 2009, Professor Hart warned that emperor penguins could face near-extinction by the end of the century if global warming continued at its present rate.
“Regardless of their environmental preferences, we see a connection between climate change and penguin populations through the loss of habitat of their main food source，” Dr. Wayne Trivelpiece, the report’s lead author said. “As warming continues, the loss of krill will have a far-reaching effect throughout the Antarctic ecosystem.”
Since krill feed on phytoplankton(浮游植物) that grow under ice cover, warming waters and disappearing sea ice have contributed to decreasing Antarctic krill populations. According to Al Jazeera, other recent studies have shown that krill in the Southern Ocean may have declined by about 80 percent since the 1970s.
“Simply put, without krill, most of the life forms in the Antarctic would disappear，” National Geographic said.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。南极洲的冰层因气候变暖持续融化，这已严重影响到企鹅的生存。
1．What problem will penguins face?
A．Loss of habitat. B．A shortage of food.
C．Population increase. D．Colder environment.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“a big part of the problem is related to food：Less ice means less krill(磷虾)．.. penguin’s diet”可知，由于南极冰层的持续融化，企鹅将面临的问题主要与食物有关，冰少了意味着磷虾少了，磷虾是南极洲生态系统的基石，也是企鹅的主要食物。
2．What is Tom Hart’s attitude toward the penguins’ situation?
A．Uncaring. B．Optimistic.
C．Doubtful. D．Worried.
D 解析：观点态度题。由第三段中的“they are largely in trouble”和“We’re so concerned because we’re seeing great changes to their populations...the environment is changing very fast.”可知，牛津大学的企鹅研究专家Tom Hart对企鹅的现状非常担忧。
3．Why does the author mention chinstraps in Paragraph 4？A.To blame human beings’ unawareness.
B．To underline the dangers penguins face.
C．To give an example of an extinct species.
D．To show how penguins react to global warming.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的“Even populations of chinstraps, not usually considered a vulnerable(易危的) species, have ‘declined by up to 50 percent in the last 30 years’”可知，帽带企鹅并非易危物种，但是它们的数量在过去的30年里也下降了50%；由此可知，作者提到帽带企鹅的数量大幅下降，是为了强调企鹅的处境非常危险，气候变暖给它们的生存带来极大的影响。
4．What do the last two paragraphs suggest?
A．Krill loss may have disastrous results.
B．Warming waters bring more phytoplankton.
C．Sea ice disappearance causes krill’s overproducing.
D．Phytoplankton are a key diet of Antarctic creatures.
A 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“warming waters and disappearing sea ice have contributed to decreasing Antarctic krill populations”以及最后一段中的“without krill, most of the life forms in the Antarctic would disappear”可知，气候变暖使得南极的冰层融化，这导致磷虾的数量锐减，而如果没有磷虾，南极大部分生命都会消失。
B
Norwegian cod(鳕鱼) may have reached Germany hundreds of years earlier than we originally thought, thanks to the creativity of the Vikings. It seems they worked out 1，200 years ago how to freeze－dry(冷冻干燥保存) fish to keep it fresh on the long journey from the Arctic.
Bastiaan Star of the University of Oslo, Norway, and his colleagues analysed DNA from 15 samples of ancient cod at five locations across north－west Europe—the southernmost samples coming from Haithabu, a Viking－age village in what is now northern Germany.
By comparing the ancient DNA with genetic(基因的) material taken from modern cod, Star and his colleagues confirmed that four cod samples from Haithabu came from the northeast Arctic, close to the northernmost tip of the Norwegian coast. The only explanation is that Viking ships transported the perishable(易腐烂的) cod there—a journey of 2，000 kilometres that would have taken a month.
This suggests the Vikings had worked out how to freeze－dry fish. Arctic cod populations only come close to the Norwegian shore in winter, and in Viking times that would have made them easier to catch. The cold weather in winter would have made it simple to freeze－dry the fish naturally.
In other words, centuries earlier than the first documented use of salt to preserve Norwegian fish in the 1690s, the Vikings knew how to keep cod fresh to sell in distant markets.
“The early trade of dried cod, if this is what the bones represent, suggests the appearance of exchange in common goods, not just expensive goods，” says team member James Barrett of the University of Cambridge.
The work “adds to the richness of our understanding of the Vikings’ influence，” says Jeremy Searle of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, who earlier showed how Norwegian mice populations spread by getting onto Viking ships.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，维京人发明冻干技术，跨越千里将鳕鱼从北极带到德国。
5．What did Bastiaan Star find out about the 15 samples?
A．Some of them had traveled long distances.
B．They contain some unknown material.
C．Most of them had perished.
D．They were freshly buried.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的four cod samples from Haithabu came from the northeast Arctic以及The only explanation is that...would have taken a month.可以判断，部分样本从北极东北地区穿越千里被带到了德国。
6．How might the Vikings find fishing cod in winter?
A．The icy water made it difficult to catch them.
B．It was easier to hunt cod than other fish.
C．The cold weather was unbearable.
D．It required no great effort.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Arctic cod...easier to catch.可知，维京人在冬天捕捞鳕鱼并不太费劲。
7．What can be inferred from James Barrett’s words?
A．Trade in common goods existed in Viking times.
B．Common goods were expensive in Viking times.
C．Dried cod were not commonly traded goods.
D．Cod’s bones were quite hard to get.
A 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的The early trade of dried cod...exchange in common goods, not just expensive goods可知，维京时代已经出现普通货物贸易活动。
8．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Life Was Tough in Viking Times
B．Cod Used to Play an Important Role
C．There Were Various Ways to Keep Cod
D．Vikings Shipped Frozen Cod to Germany
D 解析：标题归纳题。通过对鳕鱼样本进行分析，科学家发现维京人曾独创冻干鳕鱼的方法，将其从北极运到德国。
语法填空
We are visiting my brother Rex in Boston, U．S.A., 1. teaches history in one of the universities here. So far, he 2. (invite) some of his friends to meet us. One of them is from Austria, and another is from Poland. 3. rest are from Japan, India, and Italy. I tell him that I’m 4. (confuse)．“Don’t you have any American friends？” I ask Rex.
He says, “They’re all Americans. Didn’t you know that America has people from all over the world？”
“That’s 5. people often describe America as a ‘melting pot’ of many cultures，” says Tajima, from Japan.
“People come here for a good many 6. (reason). But students mainly come here to study. I have students from all over the world in my college，” says Rex.
“But who were the first 7. (come) here？” I ask.
Rex’s Indian friend, Samir, says the first people were from Asia, more than 20，000 years ago and they are Native Americans’ancestors. About 500 years ago, Spanish settlers arrived from Europe, followed by other 8. (Europe). People from Africa 9. (bring) over as slaves at first. I would say people from every corner of the world have made America 10. it is today.
1．who 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明先行词Rex的情况，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
2．has invited 解析：考查现在完成时。由So far可知，此处用现在完成时。
3．The 解析：考查定冠词。“the＋形容词”表示一类人或事物。The rest 在此意为“其余的人”。
4．confused 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，意为“困惑的”，故填confused。
5．why 解析：考查连接词。设空处引导表语从句，用来说明上文提到的内容是“美国被称为文化大熔炉”的原因，故填why。
6．reasons 解析：考查名词。for a good many reasons意为“由于许多原因”。
7．to come 解析：考查不定式作后置定语的用法。the first 后用不定式作定语，在此表示“第一批来到这里的人”。
8．Europeans 解析：考查名词。由语境可知，设空处指“欧洲人们”，故填Europeans。
9．were brought 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。由语境及 at first可知，此处用一般过去时，又因People from Africa与bring之间是被动关系，故填were brought。
10．what 解析：考查连接词。设空处引导的从句作宾语补足语，且此空在从句中作表语，同时根据从句句意“它现在的样子”，可知填what。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Studying in the U．S. is extremely expensive. Considering that at top universities in the U．S. fees and living costs can add up to $60，000 per year, it is clear why so many young people decide to find a part－time job. Here are some common part－time jobs for college students.
Waiter/Waitress
Hourly rate：$5.22
Waiters and waitresses usually have minimum salaries, but they earn some tips. No experience is needed for a lot of waitering jobs so it should not be difficult to find one. You can work part time so that you have enough time for your study.
Data entry clerk
Hourly rate：$12.45
To become a data entry clerk, you just have to be a good typist and are willing to spend some time in front of your computer. A lot of these jobs are available online and can be done at home, so it’s a good choice for college students.
Tutor
Hourly rate：$17.78
If you are good at something, math or languages for example, then you can consider tutoring to earn some cash on the side. It’s also one of the highest paid part－time jobs for college students.
Proofreader(校对员)
Hourly rate：$17.84
Proofreaders must be able to find the errors and correct them of course. If you think you can do that, then this is a great opportunity to earn more than $17 per hour. You can work whenever you want so that you can manage both study and work.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了几个适合大学生做的兼职工作。
1．Many American college students seek part－time jobs mainly to ．
A．support themselves
B．broaden their views
C．learn to be independent
D．gain some working skills
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Studying in the U．S. is extremely expensive...it is clear why...可知，许多美国大学生想做兼职工作主要是为了赚钱养活自己。
2．Which word can best describe the work as a data entry clerk?
A．Busy. B．Relaxing.
C．Difficult. D．Flexible.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段A lot of these jobs are available online and can be done at home可推断，数据录入员的工作很灵活。
3．To work as a tutor, it is necessary for you to ．
A．apply for a license
B．have special knowledge
C．prepare learning materials
D．find a proper teaching place
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段If you are good at something, math or languages for example, then you can consider tutoring...可知，家教的工作要求具备专业知识。
B
Swiss cheese is different. While Swiss cheese does have a distinct color and taste, it has another unique quality. It’s known for more than anything else: holes.
Why Swiss cheese has holes was a mystery for many years. In 1912, a chemist named William Clark set forth his theory. According to Clark, the particular methods and bacteria cultures make gas bubbles inside the cheese. Eventually these gas bubbles leave holes in the cheese, which cheesemakers call “eyes”. However, in the 1990s, scientists began to doubt Clark’s theory. Cheesemakers noticed that in Europe their cheeses were going blind—they began to contain fewer and fewer holes or “eyes”. Since the cheese making process had not changed, something else had to account for the missing holes.
Later, Swiss researchers announced that they had the answer: hay(干草). The carbon dioxide gas bubbles in Swiss cheese must form around some sort of particles(颗粒), similar to the way in which raindrops form around dust in the air. The particles in question were tiny bits of hay that could be found in milk buckets.
So what happened in the early 1990s? European dairies were forced to modernize to meet the new European Union standards. Traditional buckets and barns(牲口棚) were replaced with modern milking machines. As the presence of hay particles in milk decreased greatly, so did the holes in Swiss cheese.
Swiss researchers confirmed that the more hay particles they added to milk, the more holes would appear in the Swiss cheese. Cheesemakers are now able to use the information to add particles to their milk to produce Swiss cheese with exactly the number and type of holes they want.
Of course, not all the mysteries have been solved. For example, cheesemakers in the United States have not observed their cheeses going “blind” like those in Europe. Scientists believe there must be other unknown particles that account for the “eyes” in American Swiss cheese.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。瑞士奶酪的显著特征是它有“眼睛”，关于这种“眼睛”产生的原因，有不同的说法。
4．Why did scientists begin to doubt Clark’s theory in the 1990s？
A．Cheesemakers used few bacteria.
B．Bacteria disappeared in the cheese.
C．The cheese caused blindness in people.
D．The number of cheese holes decreased.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中Cheesemakers noticed that in Europe their cheeses were going blind—they began to contain fewer and fewer holes or “eyes”．可知，是因为瑞士奶酪上孔的数量减少了。
5．According to Swiss researchers, what truly account(s) for the “eyes” of Swiss cheese?
A．Producing time.
B．Hay particles.
C．Dust in the bucket.
D．Modern machines.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，瑞士研究人员认为源头是干草颗粒。
6．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The number and type of cheese holes are controllable in Europe.
B．European Union standards are too strict about Swiss cheese.
C．Swiss cheese will be made in traditional ways.
D．American cheese is better than Swiss cheese.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中Cheesemakers are now able to...produce Swiss cheese with exactly the number and type of holes they want.可知，在欧洲，奶酪孔的数量和类型目前可以控制了。
7．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Make Holes in Cheese?
B．How to Recognize Swiss Cheese?
C．Why Does Swiss Cheese Taste Better?
D．Why Does Swiss Cheese Have “Eyes”？
D 解析：标题归纳题。本文的中心话题就是解释为什么瑞士奶酪会有“眼睛”的问题。
短文改错
Dear Brad,
I am high school girl. Last month my whole family moved and I had to switch schools. I love this new school, where has a large playground and a library with lots of book. Also it has well equipping classrooms and several modern labs. Therefore, I really miss my former school and my old friends very much. I have known some newly classmates in this school, but I don’t connect with him. Two girls in my new class might be like me, but I am not sure. I once think about moving back to my old school. On that case, I will miss my family. What should I do?
Amy
答案：
Dear Brad,
I am high school girl. Last month my whole family moved and I had to switch schools.I love this new school, has a large playground and a library with lots of .Also it has well classrooms and several modern labs.， I really miss my former school and my old friends very much. I have known some classmates in this school, but I don’t connect with .Two girls in my new class might like me, but I am not sure. I once about moving back to my old school. that case, I will miss my family. What should I do?
Amy
书面表达
你校近期组织了一次户外郊游活动，假如你是学校英文报的记者，请你写一篇短文，报道此次活动。内容包括：
1．时间与地点：11月27日，瑶湖公园；
2．活动的内容；
3．你对这次活动的评价。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
One possible version：
To help students relax, our school organized an outing to the Yaohu Lake Park on November 27.
It was a beautiful sunny day. At 7：30 a．m., we met at our school gate and set off for the Forest Park. An hour later, we reached the park. The scenery there was breathtaking. We were free to walk around and enjoy the amazing scenery for a few hours. After lunch, we were divided into groups, playing games, singing and dancing. At around 4 p．m., we started to head back, tired but happy.
This activity not only offered us a chance to get close to nature, but also brought us closer to each other.
课件56张PPT。Unit 22 Environmental Protection本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
单句语法填空
1．It is reported they would give us an examination the next Monday.
答案：that
2．He informed me that the meeting (put) off already.
答案：had been put
3．He is said (study) abroad now.
答案：to be studying
4．The woman is trying to persuade her son (give) up smoking.
答案：to give
5．It is suggested that the problem (solve) in another way.
答案：should be solved
6．His mother (dress) in white at the party.
答案：is dressed
7．Dana admitted (feel) hurt by what I had said.
答案：feeling
8．The officer was accused of (abuse) his power.
答案：abusing
9．After the accident, the injured (take) to hospital.
答案：were taken
10．The book is difficult (understand)．
答案：to understand
阅读理解
A
As Antarctic ice continues to melt at an alarming rate, scientists warn that the well-being of penguins native to the area is becoming increasingly threatened.
According to a new report, the welfare and existence of at least half of the world’s 18 penguin species will be badly affected if the warming of the Antarctic Peninsula continues. Experts say that a big part of the problem is related to food：Less ice means less krill(磷虾), a cornerstone(基石) of the Antarctic ecosystem and a mainstay of a penguin’s diet.
“When you look at all penguins they are largely in trouble，” said Oxford University penguinologist Tom Hart, who spends a few months every year observing penguins along the Antarctic coast.“We’re so concerned because we’re seeing great changes to their populations. They’re probably not going to go extinct anytime soon, but the environment is changing very fast.”
Emperor penguins, Adelies and chinstraps, for example, live entirely in the Antarctic. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), both emperor penguins and Adelies are considered “near threatened”. Even populations of chinstraps, not usually considered a vulnerable(易危的) species, have “declined by up to 50 percent in the last 30 years”， Hart said. “The general public doesn’t realize that penguin populations are declining so fast.”
In an interview with the BBC in 2009, Professor Hart warned that emperor penguins could face near-extinction by the end of the century if global warming continued at its present rate.
“Regardless of their environmental preferences, we see a connection between climate change and penguin populations through the loss of habitat of their main food source，” Dr. Wayne Trivelpiece, the report’s lead author said. “As warming continues, the loss of krill will have a far-reaching effect throughout the Antarctic ecosystem.”
Since krill feed on phytoplankton(浮游植物) that grow under ice cover, warming waters and disappearing sea ice have contributed to decreasing Antarctic krill populations. According to Al Jazeera, other recent studies have shown that krill in the Southern Ocean may have declined by about 80 percent since the 1970s.
“Simply put, without krill, most of the life forms in the Antarctic would disappear，” National Geographic said.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。南极洲的冰层因气候变暖持续融化，这已严重影响到企鹅的生存。
1．What problem will penguins face?
A．Loss of habitat. B．A shortage of food.
C．Population increase. D．Colder environment.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“a big part of the problem is related to food：Less ice means less krill(磷虾)．.. penguin’s diet”可知，由于南极冰层的持续融化，企鹅将面临的问题主要与食物有关，冰少了意味着磷虾少了，磷虾是南极洲生态系统的基石，也是企鹅的主要食物。
2．What is Tom Hart’s attitude toward the penguins’ situation?
A．Uncaring. B．Optimistic.
C．Doubtful. D．Worried.
D 解析：观点态度题。由第三段中的“they are largely in trouble”和“We’re so concerned because we’re seeing great changes to their populations...the environment is changing very fast.”可知，牛津大学的企鹅研究专家Tom Hart对企鹅的现状非常担忧。
3．Why does the author mention chinstraps in Paragraph 4？A.To blame human beings’ unawareness.
B．To underline the dangers penguins face.
C．To give an example of an extinct species.
D．To show how penguins react to global warming.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的“Even populations of chinstraps, not usually considered a vulnerable(易危的) species, have ‘declined by up to 50 percent in the last 30 years’”可知，帽带企鹅并非易危物种，但是它们的数量在过去的30年里也下降了50%；由此可知，作者提到帽带企鹅的数量大幅下降，是为了强调企鹅的处境非常危险，气候变暖给它们的生存带来极大的影响。
4．What do the last two paragraphs suggest?
A．Krill loss may have disastrous results.
B．Warming waters bring more phytoplankton.
C．Sea ice disappearance causes krill’s overproducing.
D．Phytoplankton are a key diet of Antarctic creatures.
A 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“warming waters and disappearing sea ice have contributed to decreasing Antarctic krill populations”以及最后一段中的“without krill, most of the life forms in the Antarctic would disappear”可知，气候变暖使得南极的冰层融化，这导致磷虾的数量锐减，而如果没有磷虾，南极大部分生命都会消失。
B
Norwegian cod(鳕鱼) may have reached Germany hundreds of years earlier than we originally thought, thanks to the creativity of the Vikings. It seems they worked out 1，200 years ago how to freeze－dry(冷冻干燥保存) fish to keep it fresh on the long journey from the Arctic.
Bastiaan Star of the University of Oslo, Norway, and his colleagues analysed DNA from 15 samples of ancient cod at five locations across north－west Europe—the southernmost samples coming from Haithabu, a Viking－age village in what is now northern Germany.
By comparing the ancient DNA with genetic(基因的) material taken from modern cod, Star and his colleagues confirmed that four cod samples from Haithabu came from the northeast Arctic, close to the northernmost tip of the Norwegian coast. The only explanation is that Viking ships transported the perishable(易腐烂的) cod there—a journey of 2，000 kilometres that would have taken a month.
This suggests the Vikings had worked out how to freeze－dry fish. Arctic cod populations only come close to the Norwegian shore in winter, and in Viking times that would have made them easier to catch. The cold weather in winter would have made it simple to freeze－dry the fish naturally.
In other words, centuries earlier than the first documented use of salt to preserve Norwegian fish in the 1690s, the Vikings knew how to keep cod fresh to sell in distant markets.
“The early trade of dried cod, if this is what the bones represent, suggests the appearance of exchange in common goods, not just expensive goods，” says team member James Barrett of the University of Cambridge.
The work “adds to the richness of our understanding of the Vikings’ influence，” says Jeremy Searle of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, who earlier showed how Norwegian mice populations spread by getting onto Viking ships.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，维京人发明冻干技术，跨越千里将鳕鱼从北极带到德国。
5．What did Bastiaan Star find out about the 15 samples?
A．Some of them had traveled long distances.
B．They contain some unknown material.
C．Most of them had perished.
D．They were freshly buried.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的four cod samples from Haithabu came from the northeast Arctic以及The only explanation is that...would have taken a month.可以判断，部分样本从北极东北地区穿越千里被带到了德国。
6．How might the Vikings find fishing cod in winter?
A．The icy water made it difficult to catch them.
B．It was easier to hunt cod than other fish.
C．The cold weather was unbearable.
D．It required no great effort.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Arctic cod...easier to catch.可知，维京人在冬天捕捞鳕鱼并不太费劲。
7．What can be inferred from James Barrett’s words?
A．Trade in common goods existed in Viking times.
B．Common goods were expensive in Viking times.
C．Dried cod were not commonly traded goods.
D．Cod’s bones were quite hard to get.
A 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的The early trade of dried cod...exchange in common goods, not just expensive goods可知，维京时代已经出现普通货物贸易活动。
8．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Life Was Tough in Viking Times
B．Cod Used to Play an Important Role
C．There Were Various Ways to Keep Cod
D．Vikings Shipped Frozen Cod to Germany
D 解析：标题归纳题。通过对鳕鱼样本进行分析，科学家发现维京人曾独创冻干鳕鱼的方法，将其从北极运到德国。
语法填空
We are visiting my brother Rex in Boston, U．S.A., 1. teaches history in one of the universities here. So far, he 2. (invite) some of his friends to meet us. One of them is from Austria, and another is from Poland. 3. rest are from Japan, India, and Italy. I tell him that I’m 4. (confuse)．“Don’t you have any American friends？” I ask Rex.
He says, “They’re all Americans. Didn’t you know that America has people from all over the world？”
“That’s 5. people often describe America as a ‘melting pot’ of many cultures，” says Tajima, from Japan.
“People come here for a good many 6. (reason). But students mainly come here to study. I have students from all over the world in my college，” says Rex.
“But who were the first 7. (come) here？” I ask.
Rex’s Indian friend, Samir, says the first people were from Asia, more than 20，000 years ago and they are Native Americans’ancestors. About 500 years ago, Spanish settlers arrived from Europe, followed by other 8. (Europe). People from Africa 9. (bring) over as slaves at first. I would say people from every corner of the world have made America 10. it is today.
1．who 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明先行词Rex的情况，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
2．has invited 解析：考查现在完成时。由So far可知，此处用现在完成时。
3．The 解析：考查定冠词。“the＋形容词”表示一类人或事物。The rest 在此意为“其余的人”。
4．confused 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，意为“困惑的”，故填confused。
5．why 解析：考查连接词。设空处引导表语从句，用来说明上文提到的内容是“美国被称为文化大熔炉”的原因，故填why。
6．reasons 解析：考查名词。for a good many reasons意为“由于许多原因”。
7．to come 解析：考查不定式作后置定语的用法。the first 后用不定式作定语，在此表示“第一批来到这里的人”。
8．Europeans 解析：考查名词。由语境可知，设空处指“欧洲人们”，故填Europeans。
9．were brought 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。由语境及 at first可知，此处用一般过去时，又因People from Africa与bring之间是被动关系，故填were brought。
10．what 解析：考查连接词。设空处引导的从句作宾语补足语，且此空在从句中作表语，同时根据从句句意“它现在的样子”，可知填what。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Studying in the U．S. is extremely expensive. Considering that at top universities in the U．S. fees and living costs can add up to $60，000 per year, it is clear why so many young people decide to find a part－time job. Here are some common part－time jobs for college students.
Waiter/Waitress
Hourly rate：$5.22
Waiters and waitresses usually have minimum salaries, but they earn some tips. No experience is needed for a lot of waitering jobs so it should not be difficult to find one. You can work part time so that you have enough time for your study.
Data entry clerk
Hourly rate：$12.45
To become a data entry clerk, you just have to be a good typist and are willing to spend some time in front of your computer. A lot of these jobs are available online and can be done at home, so it’s a good choice for college students.
Tutor
Hourly rate：$17.78
If you are good at something, math or languages for example, then you can consider tutoring to earn some cash on the side. It’s also one of the highest paid part－time jobs for college students.
Proofreader(校对员)
Hourly rate：$17.84
Proofreaders must be able to find the errors and correct them of course. If you think you can do that, then this is a great opportunity to earn more than $17 per hour. You can work whenever you want so that you can manage both study and work.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了几个适合大学生做的兼职工作。
1．Many American college students seek part－time jobs mainly to ．
A．support themselves
B．broaden their views
C．learn to be independent
D．gain some working skills
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Studying in the U．S. is extremely expensive...it is clear why...可知，许多美国大学生想做兼职工作主要是为了赚钱养活自己。
2．Which word can best describe the work as a data entry clerk?
A．Busy. B．Relaxing.
C．Difficult. D．Flexible.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段A lot of these jobs are available online and can be done at home可推断，数据录入员的工作很灵活。
3．To work as a tutor, it is necessary for you to ．
A．apply for a license
B．have special knowledge
C．prepare learning materials
D．find a proper teaching place
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段If you are good at something, math or languages for example, then you can consider tutoring...可知，家教的工作要求具备专业知识。
B
Swiss cheese is different. While Swiss cheese does have a distinct color and taste, it has another unique quality. It’s known for more than anything else: holes.
Why Swiss cheese has holes was a mystery for many years. In 1912, a chemist named William Clark set forth his theory. According to Clark, the particular methods and bacteria cultures make gas bubbles inside the cheese. Eventually these gas bubbles leave holes in the cheese, which cheesemakers call “eyes”. However, in the 1990s, scientists began to doubt Clark’s theory. Cheesemakers noticed that in Europe their cheeses were going blind—they began to contain fewer and fewer holes or “eyes”. Since the cheese making process had not changed, something else had to account for the missing holes.
Later, Swiss researchers announced that they had the answer: hay(干草). The carbon dioxide gas bubbles in Swiss cheese must form around some sort of particles(颗粒), similar to the way in which raindrops form around dust in the air. The particles in question were tiny bits of hay that could be found in milk buckets.
So what happened in the early 1990s? European dairies were forced to modernize to meet the new European Union standards. Traditional buckets and barns(牲口棚) were replaced with modern milking machines. As the presence of hay particles in milk decreased greatly, so did the holes in Swiss cheese.
Swiss researchers confirmed that the more hay particles they added to milk, the more holes would appear in the Swiss cheese. Cheesemakers are now able to use the information to add particles to their milk to produce Swiss cheese with exactly the number and type of holes they want.
Of course, not all the mysteries have been solved. For example, cheesemakers in the United States have not observed their cheeses going “blind” like those in Europe. Scientists believe there must be other unknown particles that account for the “eyes” in American Swiss cheese.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。瑞士奶酪的显著特征是它有“眼睛”，关于这种“眼睛”产生的原因，有不同的说法。
4．Why did scientists begin to doubt Clark’s theory in the 1990s？
A．Cheesemakers used few bacteria.
B．Bacteria disappeared in the cheese.
C．The cheese caused blindness in people.
D．The number of cheese holes decreased.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中Cheesemakers noticed that in Europe their cheeses were going blind—they began to contain fewer and fewer holes or “eyes”．可知，是因为瑞士奶酪上孔的数量减少了。
5．According to Swiss researchers, what truly account(s) for the “eyes” of Swiss cheese?
A．Producing time.
B．Hay particles.
C．Dust in the bucket.
D．Modern machines.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，瑞士研究人员认为源头是干草颗粒。
6．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The number and type of cheese holes are controllable in Europe.
B．European Union standards are too strict about Swiss cheese.
C．Swiss cheese will be made in traditional ways.
D．American cheese is better than Swiss cheese.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中Cheesemakers are now able to...produce Swiss cheese with exactly the number and type of holes they want.可知，在欧洲，奶酪孔的数量和类型目前可以控制了。
7．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Make Holes in Cheese?
B．How to Recognize Swiss Cheese?
C．Why Does Swiss Cheese Taste Better?
D．Why Does Swiss Cheese Have “Eyes”？
D 解析：标题归纳题。本文的中心话题就是解释为什么瑞士奶酪会有“眼睛”的问题。
短文改错
Dear Brad,
I am high school girl. Last month my whole family moved and I had to switch schools. I love this new school, where has a large playground and a library with lots of book. Also it has well equipping classrooms and several modern labs. Therefore, I really miss my former school and my old friends very much. I have known some newly classmates in this school, but I don’t connect with him. Two girls in my new class might be like me, but I am not sure. I once think about moving back to my old school. On that case, I will miss my family. What should I do?
Amy
答案：
Dear Brad,
I am high school girl. Last month my whole family moved and I had to switch schools.I love this new school, has a large playground and a library with lots of .Also it has well classrooms and several modern labs.， I really miss my former school and my old friends very much. I have known some classmates in this school, but I don’t connect with .Two girls in my new class might like me, but I am not sure. I once about moving back to my old school. that case, I will miss my family. What should I do?
Amy
书面表达
你校近期组织了一次户外郊游活动，假如你是学校英文报的记者，请你写一篇短文，报道此次活动。内容包括：
1．时间与地点：11月27日，瑶湖公园；
2．活动的内容；
3．你对这次活动的评价。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
One possible version：
To help students relax, our school organized an outing to the Yaohu Lake Park on November 27.
It was a beautiful sunny day. At 7：30 a．m., we met at our school gate and set off for the Forest Park. An hour later, we reached the park. The scenery there was breathtaking. We were free to walk around and enjoy the amazing scenery for a few hours. After lunch, we were divided into groups, playing games, singing and dancing. At around 4 p．m., we started to head back, tired but happy.
This activity not only offered us a chance to get close to nature, but also brought us closer to each other.
trap vt. 使困住
n. 圈套； 计谋
(1)be caught in a trap 陷入困境
fall into the trap of... 误以为……
(2)be trapped in．.. 被困在……中
trap sb. into(doing) sth.
诱骗某人(做)某事
relevant adj. 有关的
(1)be relevant to．.. 与……相关
(2)relevantly adv. 相关地
(3)relevance n. 相关； 关联
be of/with relevance to...
与……相关
condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地
condemn sb./sth.(as...) 指责……(为……)
condemn sb. for(doing) sth. 为(做)某事谴责某人
condemn sb.to sth. 使某人注定……；
判处某人某种刑罚
condemn sb. to do sth. 使某人注定做某事
substitute n. 代用品， 代替品
vt. 用……替代/顶替
(1)a substitute for sb./sth. 某人/某物的代替者/代用品
(2)substitute A for B 用A代替B
A substitute for B A取代B
arm vt. 武装
(1)arm sb. with sth. 为某人配备某物
(2)armed adj. 武装的
be armed with．.. 带有……
(3)take sb. by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
arm in arm 臂挽臂
adopt vt. 采用； 收养， 领养； 正式批准， 接受
(1)adopted adj. 被收养的； 被采用的
(2)adoptable adj. 可收养的； 可采用的
(3)adoption n. 采用， 采纳； 收养
considerate adj. 想得周到的， 体贴的
(1)consider vt. 考虑； 认为
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
(2)considerable adj. 相当多的
(3)consideration n. 体谅； 考虑
take sth.into consideration
把某事考虑进去
under consideration 在考虑中
allocate vt. 分配， 配给
(1)allocate sb.sth.(＝allocate sth.to sb.)
分配给某人某物
allocate sth.for sth. 拨出……做……
allocate sth.among... 在……范围内分配
(2)allocation n． 划拨的款项； 分配的东西
apart from 除……以外
take apart 拆卸
tell．.. apart 区分， 分辨
tear．.. apart 撕裂
fall apart 土崩瓦解
call for an end to sth. 要求结束某事
call back 召唤某人回来； 再访； 回电话
call for 需要， 要求； 接(人或物)
call in 邀请； 请来； 收回
call on 拜访(人); 号召
call off 取消
call up 使回忆起； 打电话
carry off 成功地对付； 夺去……的生命； 获得(奖品等)
carry on 继续下去， 坚持下去； 从事， 开展
carry out 执行， 贯彻， 完成
carry over 使继续下去； 使延伸
carry through 实现， 完成， 使渡过难关
break away from 摆脱， 脱离(某种思想体系、 团体、 组织)
break down (机器、 车辆等)坏了；(计划、 谈判等)失败；垮掉
break into 强行闯入； 突然开始(笑、 唱等)
break off 停顿， 中断； 折断
break out (火灾、 战争等)突然发生或爆发
break through 突破； 作出新的重大发现
break up 解散； 破裂
at one time 曾经， 一度
at a time 每次；一次
at the same time 同时
all the time 一直， 始终
in no time 立刻
at no time 从不
1．分词短语作后置定语
In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate—something previously seen as beyond our control.
【仿写】 我年轻时， 很喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。
While I was young, I liked seeing the films directed by Zhang Yimou．
2．虚拟语气/分词短语作状语
Without these naturally occurring gases, the sun’s rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.
【仿写】 听到这个消息， 他就离开了， 午饭也没有动。
Hearing the news, he left, leaving his lunch untouched．
3．with复合结构
Storms have been getting worse everywhere too, with a growing number of hurricanes hitting the US, and Central America.
【仿写】 那么多人聚在他的周围， 他感到有些烦躁。
With so many people gathering around him, he felt a little upset.
4．not only...but also...不但……而且……
Rivers, lakes and wet-lands are sources of fresh water, not only for humans, but for wildlife as well.
【仿写】 这个女孩不但喜欢种花， 还喜欢把花送给别人。
Not only does the girl like planting flowers, but also she likes giving the flowers to others.
1．The doctor advised me to take(take) more exercise.
2．Joan’s mother refused to let(let) her go abroad.
3．It is reported that a space station will be built(build) on the moon in years to come.
4．In the past few years thousands of films have been produced(produce) all over the world.
5．Having been invited(invite) to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow.
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文， 并背诵成文。
1．带上足够的食物， 这个年轻人出发去自然保护区探索了。(arm; reserve)
2．除了食物， 他还带了爸爸磨快了的刀子。(apart from; sharpen; 过去分词作后置定语)
3．实际上， 以前他研究过与他的探险相关的信息。(as a matter of fact; relevant)
4．因为太兴奋， 他忘了带上水， 这导致他后来受了一些苦。(现在分词作状语； which引导定语从句； result in)
5．当他穿过沙漠时， 渴极了。(现在分词作状语)
6．巧的是， 正当他要放弃时， 他看到前面有一个湖， 他得救了。(by coincidence; be about to do; ahead of)
One possible version：
Armed with enough food, the young man set off to explore the nature reserve. Apart from the food, he took a knife sharpened by his father. As a matter of fact, he had studied some information which was relevant to his adventure. Feeling too excited, he forgot to take some water, which resulted in his suffering later. Walking across the desert, he got extremely thirsty. By coincidence, just as he was about to give up, he saw the lake ahead of him. He was saved!
课件25张PPT。Unit 22 Environmental Protectiontrap ininintorelevant torelevantly relevance of/withcondemn forto to dosubstitute for for for arm with withby adopt adopted adoptable considerate doing considerable into under allocate to for allocation apart fromtake telltearcall for an end to sth.back forinonoffupcarry offonoutoverthroughbreak away fromdown intooffoutthroughupat one timein no timeat no timedirected by Zhang Yimoueleaving his lunch untouchedWith so many people gathering around himNot only does the girl liketo taketo letwill be builthave been producedHaving been invited本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
