纳尔逊·曼德拉的一生充满激情，他每天都在为自由而战。他不仅仅是一位伟人，更是一位英雄。
Nelson Mandela, who was the first black president of South Africa, passed away on Dec.5，2013.His death is a great loss(损失) to the whole world.
Nelson Mandela grew up in South Africa with a government that did not consider black people equal(平等的) to white people.But Nelson Mandela was a fighter.He refused to accept this unfair idea of the government and began to fight to make South Africa a fair country for everybody.He became the leader of a political movement called the African National Congress (ANC)，and did everything he could to encourage the government to change their ideas.He was in prison for 27 years.This was a terrible prison where people had
to work hard all day and were treated(对待) very badly.Then in 1990, Nelson Mandela was freed and it was the beginning of the end for the unfair government of South Africa.Less than five years after he was set free, Mr.Mandela was given the Nobel Peace Prize and elected(选举) as the first black president of South Africa.Today, thanks to the brave fight by Nelson Mandela, the government of South Africa has become fairer.Now everyone in South Africa can enjoy comfortable and happy lives at home and at work.Nelson Mandela is one of the world’s true freedom fighters, and his life will be remembered long after the world has forgotten the earlier unfair government of South Africa.
Though dead, he will live in our heart forever.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.quality n． 质量；品质；性质
2.mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
3.generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的
4.found vt. 建立；建设
5.principle n． 法则；原则；原理
6.stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期
7.vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举
n. 投票；选票；表决
8.attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击
拓展词汇
9.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n．活动
10.devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．热爱；献身；奉献
11.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦
12.guidance n．指导；领导→guide v．指导；带领
13.hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hope n．希望；愿望
14.violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv.猛烈地
15.equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
16.self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地
17.legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal adj.(反义词) 非法的；违法的
18.youth n．青年；青年时期→young adj.年轻的
19.lawyer n．律师→law n．法律
20.willing adj.乐意的；自愿的→unwilling adj.不乐意的
阅读词汇
21.warm-hearted adj. 热心肠的
22.easy-going adj. 随和的；温和宽容的
23.republic n. 共和国；共和政体
24.giant adj. 巨大的；庞大的
25.mankind n. 人类
26.league n. 同盟；联盟；联合会
重点短语
1.out of work 失业
2.as a matter of fact 事实上
3.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
4.turn to 求助于；致力于
5.blow up 使充气；爆炸
6.be grateful for 对……感激
7.die for 为……而死
8.achieve one’s dream 实现梦想
重点句型
1.This is/was a time when...这是一个……时期
However, this was a time when(这是一个……时期) one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
2.where引导的定语从句，修饰抽象地点名词stage
The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all_(几乎什么权利都没有的阶段).
3.which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词way并在从句中作主语
We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful(用和平的方式); when this was not allowed...
4.only＋状语置于句首要部分倒装
Only then did we decide to(只有那个时候我们才决定) answer violence with violence.
5.It’s no pleasure doing sth.做某事没有乐趣
It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer(观看这些已经不再是乐趣) because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
Fast-reading
Skim the text and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．The life of black workers.
B．The fight between Mandela and the white people.
C．The stories between Mandela and Elias.
D．The education of Elias.
答案：C
2．Match the main idea of each part.
Part 1：Paras. 1－2 A．The change of Elias’ life after he met Nelson Mandela and what
Mandela did.
Part 2：Paras. 3－7 B．The life of Elias before he met Nelson Mandela.
答案：BA
Careful-reading
Read the text and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Why did Elias have to leave school?
A．He didn’t have a passbook.
B．His home was far from the school.
C．His family couldn’t afford the school fees.
D．He couldn’t read or write.
2．Nelson Mandela opened a black law firm in order to________．
A．make money
B．help the poor black people with their problems
C．make himself famous
D．study law
3．How did Nelson Mandela help Elias keep his job?
A．He talked with Elias’ boss.
B．He helped him get the correct papers.
C．He lent him some money.
D．He asked him to go to court.
4．What dream did Nelson Mandela have?
A．To become the president of South Africa.
B．To win the Nobel Peace Prize.
C．To make black and white people equal.
D．To blow up some government buildings.
答案：1－4.CBBC
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
[翻译] 第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。
2．However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
[翻译] 然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
3．Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.
[翻译] 不幸的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心自己会失业。
4．We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
[翻译] 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。
①lawyer['l??j?]n.律师
②guidance['ɡaId?ns]n.指导；领导
under the guidance of sb.＝under one’s guidance在某人的指导下
③legal['li?ɡl]adj.法律的；依照法律的
illegal adj.非法的
④be generous with 在……方面慷慨大方
⑤fee[fi?]n.费(会费、学费等)；酬金
⑥fare[fe?]n.费用
⑦passbook['pɑ?s?b?k]n.南非共和国有色人种的身份证
⑧out of work失业
⑨papers['pe?p?z]n.证件
⑩hopeful['h??pfl]adj.怀有希望的；有希望的
?youth[ju?θ]n.青年；青年时期
?league[li?ɡ]n.同盟；联盟；联合会
Youth League青年团
?stage[steId?]n.舞台；阶段；时期
?vote[v??t]vt.& vi.投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决
?position[p?'z??n]n.状况；地位；位置；职位
position后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语则用where或in which。
?attack[?'t?k]vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
?allow[?'la?]v.允许；准许
?violence['vaI?l?ns]n.暴力；暴行
?as a matter of fact 事实上
?blow up 使充气；爆炸
(put sb. in prison 将某人关进监狱
同义短语：send sb. to prison; throw sb. into prison
(achieve[?'t?i?v]vt. 达到；完成
(equal['i?kw?l]adj. 相等的；平等的
【核心素养链接·文化采风】
1．曼德拉(Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela)，1918年7月18日出生于南非特兰斯凯，先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大学律师资格，是南非著名的反种族隔离革命家、政治家和慈善家。1993年，曼德拉被授予诺贝尔和平奖。2004年，曼德拉被选为最伟大的南非人。2013年12月6日，曼德拉在约翰内斯堡住所去世，享年95岁。
2．约翰内斯堡(Johannesburg)，南非第一大城市及第一大港，著名的“黄金之城”，是南非共和国经济、政治、文化、旅游及航运中心，世界著名的国际大都市，拥有人口388.81万，其中半数以上是黑人。
ELIAS’ STORY
My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer①to whom I went for advice．He offered guidance② to poor black people on their legal③problems. He was generous with④ his time, for which I was grateful．
◆when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The time。
◆to whom在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the black lawyer。介词to与从句中的went搭配(go to sb.for advice去某人处寻求建议)。
◆for which在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子。介词for与从句中的grateful搭配(be grateful for sth.对某事非常感激)。
I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees⑤and the bus fare⑥. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook⑦ to live in Johannesburg．Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work⑧.
◆where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The school。
◆“this was a time when...”是常考句式，其中when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。
The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told me how to get the correct papers⑨ so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful⑩ about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth?League?， I joined it as soon as I could.He said：
◆when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The day。
◆how to get为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在此处作told的直接宾语。
“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage?where we have almost no rights at all.”
◆本句中“The last thirty years”为无生命名词短语作主语；“have seen the... rights and progress”为“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中“stopping our rights and progress”为现在分词短语作宾补；“where we have almost no rights at all”为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a stage。
It was the truth.Black people could not vote?or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.No one could grow food there.In fact as Nelson Mandela said：
◆in which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The parts of town。
◆where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The places outside the towns。
“...we were put into a position? in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government．We chose to attack?the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed?...only then did we decide to answer violence?with violence.”
◆in which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a position，其中“either...or...”连接了两个不定式短语to accept...和(to) fight the government。
◆which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a way。
◆此处“only＋状语”位于句首，句子用了部分倒装结构；“only＋状语从句”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。
As a matter of fact?， I do not like violence ...but in 1963 I helped him blow up?some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison(.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve(our dream of making black and white people equal(.
◆because在此引导原因状语从句，原因状语从句中含有if引导的条件状语从句。
伊莱亚斯的故事
我叫伊莱亚斯，是南非的一个穷苦黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁。那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求建议的那位黑人律师。他在法律问题上给贫苦的黑人提供指导。他不吝惜时间，我对此非常感激。
我需要他的帮助，因为我只受过很少的教育。我六岁开始上学，我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我家无法继续支付学费和车费。我既读不好也写不好。几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。不幸的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心自己会失业。
纳尔逊·曼德拉帮助我的那天是我最高兴的日子之一。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来更加充满了希望。我永远忘不了曼德拉是多么和善。当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：
“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”
这是事实。黑人没有选举权，也无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们在城里不得不居住的地方是由白人决定的。他们被打发去城外居住的地方是南非最贫穷的地区。没有人能在那儿种庄稼。事实上，正如纳尔逊·曼德拉所说的：
“……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来打破法律，当这种方式得不到允许时……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”
事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的，因为如果被抓住了，我可能要坐牢。但我乐于帮忙，因为我知道这将帮助我们实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想。
阅读理解
A
Thomas Edison was born in 1847 in Ohio.People around found little Edison very bright because he often took things apart to see how they worked.
In the early 1860s, he created his first important invention, a telegraphic(电报的) repeater that could send messages over a second line. At 21, he invented an electrical vote recorder and got his first patent(专利) for it.The next year he designed an improved stock ticker, a kind of electronic communications medium, and then set up a company to produce it. In 1874, he invented the quadruplex telegraph, a type of electrical telegraph.
Edison built his first laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey when he was 30 years old.They often had several projects going at once, and it wasn’t long before they started producing one invention after another, including such revolutionary inventions as the phonograph and the electric light.
The lab was successful because of Edison’s inventive talent, his strong determination, and his ability to inspire his assistants’ devotion by working so hard along with them and relaxing with them.The lab even had a pipe organ, a kind of musical instrument.After a long day of work, he would play the pipe organ while he and his assistants would sing along.The people who worked with him during those years would often say that those were the happiest days of their lives.
Edison’s goal was to create a small invention every ten days and a big invention every six months.Edison once said, “I always invented to gain money to go on inventing”， so the money wasn’t really the goal for him.The money was used to make sure that he could continue his work.
Eventually the lab at Menlo Park couldn’t contain all of the work that he wanted to do, so Edison built a new laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey.Then he could undertake more projects with greater resources than had ever been possible before.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了爱迪生的部分发明成果及实验室。
1．What’s the RIGHT time order for Edison’s inventions mentioned in this passage?
A．A telegraphic repeater—a phonograph—an electrical vote recorder.
B．An electrical vote recorder—a phonograph—a quadruplex telegraph.
C．A quadruplex telegraph—an electrical vote recorder—a phonograph.
D．A telegraphic repeater—an electrical vote recorder—a quadruplex telegraph.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的In the early 1860s, he created his first important invention...got his first patent(专利) for it.及In 1874, he invented the quadruplex telegraph, a type of electrical telegraph.可知，a telegraphic repeater是在19世纪60年代早期发明的，an electrical vote recorder是1868年发明的，a quadruplex telegraph是1874年发明的，故可推出时间顺序。
2．Edison set up a company at 22 to________.
A．sell his unique artwork
B．sell experimental materials
C．produce an electrical vote recorder
D．produce an improved stock ticker
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的At 21, he invented an electrical vote recorder and got his first...and then set up a company to produce it.可知，爱迪生成立公司是为了生产一种改进的stock ticker。
3．What did Edison use the money from his inventions for?
A．Helping the poor.
B．Traveling to Europe.
C．Building many schools.
D．Continuing his invention work.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的Edison once said, “I always invented to gain money to go on inventing”， so the money wasn’t really the goal for him.The money was used to make sure that he could continue his work.可知，Edison靠发明赚钱只是为了维持其发明工作。
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Edison was a talented and determined person.
B．Edison got his first patent because of the electric light.
C．Edison’s first laboratory was in West Orange, New Jersey.
D．Edison showed no interest in inventing things in his childhood.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第四段的The lab was successful because of Edison’s inventive talent, his strong determination...可推断，爱迪生是一个有才能并且很坚定的人。
B
Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after water.There are different kinds of tea including green tea and black tea.A cup of tea has become a part of our daily lives and our culture.Earlier, tea used to be made in large pots.Hot water was poured over a bunch of tea leaves even to make a single cup.It is believed that this led to waste of tea and that is where the story of the teabag comes in.
It is more convenient and easier to use a teabag than to brew(沏) fresh tea leaves every time you want to make a cup of tea.With the help of teabags, tea was made available in places like offices and airplanes.In order to make tea taste good, you need to remove the dried leaves after brewing.With teabags, you can brew a great cup of tea without a tea strainer.
“Who invented the teabag？”has been a question for a very long time.There are some interesting stories about this question, but the most popular one is of a New York tea businessman, Thomas Sullivan.In 1908, he sent samples of tea to his customers in small silk bags.A few of his customers thought that these bags were to be dipped(浸) in water to brew tea and so they did not empty out the tea.Sullivan did not realize this till the time he started receiving complaints from customers about the orders not being sent in bags.Then he started producing teabags and because of silk being too expensive he later used gauze(纱布)．
The popular Sullivan story lacks evidence.Whatever the truth may be, we will be ever so thankful to whoever came up with this wonderful product.Teabags have managed to make our lives so much easier.By the 1920s, teabags had successfully become the new way of drinking.It brought about a great change in our habit of drinking tea.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了茶包的发明过程。
5．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．It is a waste of time to brew tea in pots.
B．The teabag was produced to replace traditional tea.
C．Tea is second only to water as a popular drink.
D．Green tea and black tea are most popular among all kinds of tea.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after water.可知，茶是世界上仅次于水的第二大饮料。
6．What advantage does the teabag have according to Paragraph 2?
A．It is easier to use.
B．It saves more space.
C．It makes the tea taste better.
D．It provides more choices for people.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，茶包的主要特点是方便人们使用。
7．What can we learn about Thomas Sullivan from the passage?
A．He was a popular tea businessman in England.
B．He taught his customers to use teabags.
C．He used silk to make teabags at first.
D．He liked drinking tea very much.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的In 1908, he sent samples of tea to his customers in small silk bags.可知，一开始他使用丝绸制作茶包。
8．What does the author mean by the underlined part in the last paragraph?
A．The story has not been proven to be true.
B．The story cannot explain all the truth.
C．The story is hardly accepted by experts.
D．The story provides evidence of the teabag’s history.
A 解析：句意理解题。根据画线句后面的Whatever the truth may be, we will be ever so thankful to whoever came up with this wonderful product.可知，茶包由Thomas Sullivan发明的这个故事版本还没有得到证实。
完形填空
The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their__1__．My parents were __2__ them.It was 1935 when I was 10 years old.We still __3__ on relief(救济)．
A few days before Christmas, I was washing the __4__ after dinner when I looked out of a kitchen window and saw my father sitting on the stoop(门廊), wearing a(n) __5__ face.A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.
I heard my father say that he had __6__ his food vouchers(票券) and that the __7__ had gone beyond the time limit.He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he __8__ because he wasn’t a very __9__ man.The work was too hard for him.I was __10__， having seen newspaper pictures of people being __11__ out of the apartments with all their belongings.“How much do you need？” the mailman asked __12__．My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.Without thinking twice, the mailman took out $50 from his wallet and __13__ it to my father.My dad said, “I don’t know when I’ll be able to pay you back.” The mailman put an arm around my father and __14__ him by saying, “Things will not be this way __15__．It doesn’t matter __16__ you will pay me back.”
The mailman __17__ me looking through the window and said, “There will be times in the future when someone __18__ your help.I hope you and your son __19__ today.Help them in your own __20__ and tell them what happened today.This will be my payback.Merry Christmas！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。美国大萧条时期，作者一家靠救济生活。有一天，父亲正在发愁时，一位邮递员无私的资助使他们得以摆脱困境。
1．A.skills B．jobs
C．families D．houses
B 解析：根据上文的The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their...可知，经济大萧条时期很多人失去了“工作”。
2．A.for B．against
C．among D．between
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者的父母也在失业大军“当中”。
3．A.lived B．decided
C．researched D．worked
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者一家靠救济“生活”。
4．A.shoes B．dishes
C．socks D．feet
B 解析：根据下文的after dinner以及kitchen可知，作者晚饭后正在厨房洗“碗碟”。
5．A.angry B．curious
C．confused D．anxious
D 解析：根据下文的A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.可知，父亲脸色应该是“忧虑的”。
6．A.given out B．used up
C．carried away D．searched for
B 解析：根据上下文对一家人生活状况的描述可知，父亲告诉邮递员他的食物票券已经“用完”了。
7．A.report B．homework
C．rent D．check
C 解析：根据下文的My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.可知，这里指“房租”逾期。
8．A.agreed B．failed
C．promised D．regretted
B 解析：根据上文的He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he...可知，父亲尝试通过这个组织找苦力活，可是他“失败”了。
9．A.strong B．clever
C．helpful D．creative
A 解析：根据上文的as a laborer以及下文的The work was too hard for him.可知，因为父亲不是一个非常“强壮的”人。
10．A.scared B．puzzled
C．lonely D．surprised
A 解析：根据下文的...having seen newspaper pictures of people being...out of the apartments with all their belongings.可知，作者想象自己一家也会像报纸上描写的一样被赶出来，所以很“害怕”那种情况的发生。
11．A.taken B．figured
C．picked D．kicked
D 解析：根据下文的...out of the apartments with all their belongings.可知，没钱付租金很可能就会被“赶”出住所。kick sb.out of a place意为“将某人赶出某地”。
12．A.softly B．impatiently
C．excitedly D．slyly
A 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“温和地”问：“你需要多少钱？”
13．A.returned B．pointed
C．showed D．handed
D 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员毫不犹豫地从钱包里拿出50美元并将钱“递”给父亲。
14．A.punished B．questioned
C．criticized D．encouraged
D 解析：根据下文邮递员所说的话可知，那位邮递员搂着父亲并“鼓励”他。
15．A.soon B．forever
C．completely D．finally
B 解析：根据语境可知，眼前的艰难状况不会“永远”延续下去的。
16．A.how B．whether
C．unless D．until
B 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员说：“你还不还钱都没关系。”这里是whether引导的主语从句。
17．A.stopped B．kept
C．noticed D．suggested
C 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“注意到”我一直从窗口看着他们。
18．A.refuses B．supports
C．expects D．receives
C 解析：根据语境可知，将来会有一天别人也“期待”你的帮助。
19．A.remember B．miss
C．share D．record
A 解析：根据语境可知，我希望你和你儿子“记得”今天。
20．A.mind B．interest
C．time D．way
D 解析：根据语境可知，用你们自己的“方式”帮助他们并告诉他们今天发生的一切，就相当于还了这笔钱了。
课件51张PPT。Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern heroUnit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern heroUnit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern heroUnit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern heroUnit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern heroUnit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern heroqualitymeangenerousfoundprinciplestagevoteattackactivedevotepeacefulguidancehopefulviolenceequalselflegalyouthlawyerwilling热心肠的随和的；温和宽容的共和国；共和政体巨大的；庞大的人类同盟；联盟；联合会out of workas a matter of factin troubleturn toblow upbe grateful fordie forachieve one’s dreamthis was a time whenin a way which was peacefulOnly then did we decide to按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
阅读理解
A
Thomas Edison was born in 1847 in Ohio.People around found little Edison very bright because he often took things apart to see how they worked.
In the early 1860s, he created his first important invention, a telegraphic (电报的) repeater that could send messages over a second line. At 21, he invented an electrical vote recorder and got his first patent(专利) for it.The next year he designed an improved stock ticker, a kind of electronic communications medium, and then set up a company to produce it. In 1874, he invented the quadruplex telegraph, a type of electrical telegraph.
Edison built his first laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey when he was 30 years old.They often had several projects going at once, and it wasn’t long before they started producing one invention after another, including such revolutionary inventions as the phonograph and the electric light.
The lab was successful because of Edison’s inventive talent, his strong determination, and his ability to inspire his assistants’ devotion by working so hard along with them and relaxing with them.The lab even had a pipe organ, a kind of musical instrument.After a long day of work, he would play the pipe organ while he and his assistants would sing along.The people who worked with him during those years would often say that those were the happiest days of their lives.
Edison’s goal was to create a small invention every ten days and a big invention every six months.Edison once said, “I always invented to gain money to go on inventing”， so the money wasn’t really the goal for him.The money was used to make sure that he could continue his work.
Eventually the lab at Menlo Park couldn’t contain all of the work that he wanted to do, so Edison built a new laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey.Then he could undertake more projects with greater resources than had ever been possible before.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了爱迪生的部分发明成果及实验室。
1．What’s the RIGHT time order for Edison’s inventions mentioned in this passage?
A．A telegraphic repeater—a phonograph—an electrical vote recorder.
B．An electrical vote recorder—a phonograph—a quadruplex telegraph.
C．A quadruplex telegraph—an electrical vote recorder—a phonograph.
D．A telegraphic repeater—an electrical vote recorder—a quadruplex telegraph.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的In the early 1860s, he created his first important invention...got his first patent(专利) for it.及In 1874, he invented the quadruplex telegraph, a type of electrical telegraph.可知，a telegraphic repeater是在19世纪60年代早期发明的，an electrical vote recorder是1868年发明的，a quadruplex telegraph是1874年发明的，故可推出时间顺序。
2．Edison set up a company at 22 to________.
A．sell his unique artwork
B．sell experimental materials
C．produce an electrical vote recorder
D．produce an improved stock ticker
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的At 21, he invented an electrical vote recorder and got his first...and then set up a company to produce it.可知，爱迪生成立公司是为了生产一种改进的stock ticker。
3．What did Edison use the money from his inventions for?
A．Helping the poor.
B．Traveling to Europe.
C．Building many schools.
D．Continuing his invention work.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的Edison once said, “I always invented to gain money to go on inventing”， so the money wasn’t really the goal for him.The money was used to make sure that he could continue his work.可知，Edison靠发明赚钱只是为了维持其发明工作。
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Edison was a talented and determined person.
B．Edison got his first patent because of the electric light.
C．Edison’s first laboratory was in West Orange, New Jersey.
D．Edison showed no interest in inventing things in his childhood.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第四段的The lab was successful because of Edison’s inventive talent, his strong determination...可推断，爱迪生是一个有才能并且很坚定的人。
B
Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after water.There are different kinds of tea including green tea and black tea.A cup of tea has become a part of our daily lives and our culture.Earlier, tea used to be made in large pots.Hot water was poured over a bunch of tea leaves even to make a single cup.It is believed that this led to waste of tea and that is where the story of the teabag comes in.
It is more convenient and easier to use a teabag than to brew(沏) fresh tea leaves every time you want to make a cup of tea.With the help of teabags, tea was made available in places like offices and airplanes.In order to make tea taste good, you need to remove the dried leaves after brewing.With teabags, you can brew a great cup of tea without a tea strainer.
“Who invented the teabag？”has been a question for a very long time.There are some interesting stories about this question, but the most popular one is of a New York tea businessman, Thomas Sullivan.In 1908, he sent samples of tea to his customers in small silk bags.A few of his customers thought that these bags were to be dipped(浸) in water to brew tea and so they did not empty out the tea.Sullivan did not realize this till the time he started receiving complaints from customers about the orders not being sent in bags.Then he started producing teabags and because of silk being too expensive he later used gauze(纱布)．
The popular Sullivan story lacks evidence.Whatever the truth may be, we will be ever so thankful to whoever came up with this wonderful product.Teabags have managed to make our lives so much easier.By the 1920s, teabags had successfully become the new way of drinking.It brought about a great change in our habit of drinking tea.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了茶包的发明过程。
5．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．It is a waste of time to brew tea in pots.
B．The teabag was produced to replace traditional tea.
C．Tea is second only to water as a popular drink.
D．Green tea and black tea are most popular among all kinds of tea.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after water.可知，茶是世界上仅次于水的第二大饮料。
6．What advantage does the teabag have according to Paragraph 2?
A．It is easier to use.
B．It saves more space.
C．It makes the tea taste better.
D．It provides more choices for people.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，茶包的主要特点是方便人们使用。
7．What can we learn about Thomas Sullivan from the passage?
A．He was a popular tea businessman in England.
B．He taught his customers to use teabags.
C．He used silk to make teabags at first.
D．He liked drinking tea very much.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的In 1908, he sent samples of tea to his customers in small silk bags.可知，一开始他使用丝绸制作茶包。
8．What does the author mean by the underlined part in the last paragraph?
A．The story has not been proven to be true.
B．The story cannot explain all the truth.
C．The story is hardly accepted by experts.
D．The story provides evidence of the teabag’s history.
A 解析：句意理解题。根据画线句后面的Whatever the truth may be, we will be ever so thankful to whoever came up with this wonderful product.可知，茶包由Thomas Sullivan发明的这个故事版本还没有得到证实。
完形填空
The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their__1__．My parents were __2__ them.It was 1935 when I was 10 years old.We still __3__ on relief(救济)．
A few days before Christmas, I was washing the __4__ after dinner when I looked out of a kitchen window and saw my father sitting on the stoop(门廊), wearing a(n) __5__ face.A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.
I heard my father say that he had __6__ his food vouchers(票券) and that the __7__ had gone beyond the time limit.He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he __8__ because he wasn’t a very __9__ man.The work was too hard for him.I was __10__， having seen newspaper pictures of people being __11__ out of the apartments with all their belongings.“How much do you need？” the mailman asked __12__．My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.Without thinking twice, the mailman took out $50 from his wallet and __13__ it to my father.My dad said, “I don’t know when I’ll be able to pay you back.” The mailman put an arm around my father and __14__ him by saying, “Things will not be this way __15__．It doesn’t matter __16__ you will pay me back.”
The mailman __17__ me looking through the window and said, “There will be times in the future when someone __18__ your help.I hope you and your son __19__ today.Help them in your own __20__ and tell them what happened today.This will be my payback.Merry Christmas！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。美国大萧条时期，作者一家靠救济生活。有一天，父亲正在发愁时，一位邮递员无私的资助使他们得以摆脱困境。
1．A.skills B．jobs
C．families D．houses
B 解析：根据上文的The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their...可知，经济大萧条时期很多人失去了“工作”。
2．A.for B．against
C．among D．between
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者的父母也在失业大军“当中”。
3．A.lived B．decided
C．researched D．worked
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者一家靠救济“生活”。
4．A.shoes B．dishes
C．socks D．feet
B 解析：根据下文的after dinner以及kitchen可知，作者晚饭后正在厨房洗“碗碟”。
5．A.angry B．curious
C．confused D．anxious
D 解析：根据下文的A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.可知，父亲脸色应该是“忧虑的”。
6．A.given out B．used up
C．carried away D．searched for
B 解析：根据上下文对一家人生活状况的描述可知，父亲告诉邮递员他的食物票券已经“用完”了。
7．A.report B．homework
C．rent D．check
C 解析：根据下文的My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.可知，这里指“房租”逾期。
8．A.agreed B．failed
C．promised D．regretted
B 解析：根据上文的He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he...可知，父亲尝试通过这个组织找苦力活，可是他“失败”了。
9．A.strong B．clever
C．helpful D．creative
A 解析：根据上文的as a laborer以及下文的The work was too hard for him.可知，因为父亲不是一个非常“强壮的”人。
10．A.scared B．puzzled
C．lonely D．surprised
A 解析：根据下文的...having seen newspaper pictures of people being...out of the apartments with all their belongings.可知，作者想象自己一家也会像报纸上描写的一样被赶出来，所以很“害怕”那种情况的发生。
11．A.taken B．figured
C．picked D．kicked
D 解析：根据下文的...out of the apartments with all their belongings.可知，没钱付租金很可能就会被“赶”出住所。kick sb.out of a place意为“将某人赶出某地”。
12．A.softly B．impatiently
C．excitedly D．slyly
A 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“温和地”问：“你需要多少钱？”
13．A.returned B．pointed
C．showed D．handed
D 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员毫不犹豫地从钱包里拿出50美元并将钱“递”给父亲。
14．A.punished B．questioned
C．criticized D．encouraged
D 解析：根据下文邮递员所说的话可知，那位邮递员搂着父亲并“鼓励”他。
15．A.soon B．forever
C．completely D．finally
B 解析：根据语境可知，眼前的艰难状况不会“永远”延续下去的。
16．A.how B．whether
C．unless D．until
B 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员说：“你还不还钱都没关系。”这里是whether引导的主语从句。
17．A.stopped B．kept
C．noticed D．suggested
C 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“注意到”我一直从窗口看着他们。
18．A.refuses B．supports
C．expects D．receives
C 解析：根据语境可知，将来会有一天别人也“期待”你的帮助。
19．A.remember B．miss
C．share D．record
A 解析：根据语境可知，我希望你和你儿子“记得”今天。
20．A.mind B．interest
C．time D．way
D 解析：根据语境可知，用你们自己的“方式”帮助他们并告诉他们今天发生的一切，就相当于还了这笔钱了。
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
quality n．质量；品质；性质
(教材P33)And what qualities does a great person have?
而且一个伟人需要具有什么样的品质呢？
of good/high/poor quality 质量好/高/差的
improve the quality 提高质量
①He has many good qualities, but his best quality is his kindness.
他有许多良好的品质，而最好的品质是为人善良。
②As a matter of fact, air in many cities is of poor quality.
事实上，许多城市的空气质量很差。
[链接写作]——完成句子
据报道，这个城市的空气质量在过去的六个月有了改善。As is reported, the air quality in the city has improved over the past six months.
mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的
vt.意指；意思是
(经典例句)Don’t be too mean to others, or you’ll never make any friends.
不要对别人太刻薄，否则你交不到朋友。
(1)be mean with sth. 对某物吝啬
be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄
(2)mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
①In my opinion, that is a mean thing to do.
依我看来，那是一件很卑鄙的事情。
②The rich boss who is usually mean to his workers is mean with money.
那位富有的老板通常对他的工人很刻薄，对钱非常吝啬。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She is very generous with her time, but mean with money.
②I’m terribly sorry, but I didn’t mean to upset(upset) your plan.
③Missing the train means waiting(wait) for another hour.
devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于
(教材P33)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.
伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。
(1)devote...to... 把……奉献给；把……专注于
devote oneself to 致力于；献身于
(2)devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的
be devoted to 专心于；致力于
(3)devotion n. 关爱；奉献
①He devoted all his spare time to helping his students with their English.
他把所有的业余时间都用来帮助他的学生学习英语。
②As we all know, he’s a generous, devoted, active and warm-hearted man.
众所周知，他是一个慷慨大方、忠诚、积极又热心的人。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I don’t think we should devote any more time to persuading(persuade) such a stubborn man to change his mind.
②You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted(devote) to your work.
③He is so devoted to his English teaching that I admire him for his devotion．(devote)
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)The young lady devotes herself to teaching the deaf children, so she has little time to care for her own daughter.
④(高级表达)Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Devoted to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语)
found vt.建立；建设
(教材P33)He founded the first Republic in China in 1912 after many years’ fighting.
经过多年的斗争之后，他在1912年建立了中国第一个共和国。
过去式
过去分词
意义
found
founded
founded
建立
find
found
found
发现，找到
As is reported, it is more than 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
据报道，清华大学建立100多年了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①After the new country was founded(found), the poor man finally found his family.
②Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
vote vt.& vi.投票；选举 n．投票； 选票；表决
(教材P34)Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.
黑人没有选举权，也无权选择他们的领导人。
(1)vote for 投票支持
vote against 投票反对
(2)vote on 投票表决
vote to do sth. 表决做某事
①As we can’t agree on this matter, let’s have a vote on it.
对于这个问题我们无法达成一致意见，投票表决吧。
②Whether you vote for or against the plan doesn’t seem to matter very much.
你是赞成还是反对这项计划看上去似乎不重要。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Our family vote to turn(turn) to the lawyer for help.
②All of us vote for building more shelters for the homeless and the poor.
attack vt.&n.进攻；攻击；抨击；(疾病等的)侵害
(教材P34)We chose to attack the laws.
我们选择向法律进攻。
(1)under attack 遭到攻击
make an attack 攻击
a heart attack 心脏病突发
(2)attack sb. 攻击/抨击某人
be attacked with 患……
①The old man suffered a heart attack yesterday.
这位老人昨天心脏病发作了。
②The judge said that it was not legal to attack other people with violence.
法官说用暴力攻击别人是不合法的。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Hearing her mother was attacked(attack) with cancer, the girl burst out crying.
②This is the third time in one month that the town has been under attack.
equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的
vt.比得上；敌得过 n．平等的人
(教材P34)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但我乐于帮忙，因为我知道这将帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。
(1)be equal to 等于
be equal to sth./doing sth.
＝be fit for sth./doing sth. 胜任(做)某事
(2)A equals B in sth. A在某方面比得上B
(3)without equal 无人可比，无敌
(4)equally adv. 同样地；平等地
①Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories. 在你阅读的时候，曲折离奇的故事结尾带来的喜悦是无与伦比的。
②Beethoven was a world-famous musician, who had no equal in music.
贝多芬是世界著名的音乐家，在音乐方面无人能比。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①As far as I’m concerned, men and women must be treated equally(equal) in education.
②I don’t think he is equal to doing(do) this kind of work.
[链接写作]——一句多译
尽管年轻，但是约翰却能胜任这项重要的工作。
③Young as he was, John was equal to the important task.(equal)
④Although he was young, John was fit for the important task.(fit)
in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
(教材P35)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.
当纳尔逊·曼德拉处于困境时，伊莱亚斯去看望了他。
ask for trouble 自找麻烦；自寻烦恼
get into trouble 陷入困境
have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事
①Although Mike was in trouble, he didn’t lose heart.
迈克虽然遇到了麻烦，但他并没有灰心。
②The worker has taken great trouble to help me with the work.
那位工人费心地帮我做那项工作。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We should lend a hand to those people in trouble.
②As your income increases you will find less difficulty in finding(find) the money to meet your monthly repayments.
turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向
(教材P35)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal？ 纳尔逊·曼德拉为什么使用暴力，以达到黑人和白人的平等？
[一词多义]——写出下列句中turn to的含义
①Whenever you are in trouble, you can turn to the police for help.求助于
②If you turn to page 40, you will find it.翻到
③More and more people turn to computer science.从事于
④You shouldn’t always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅
He was turned to for advice by all sorts of people.
各种各样的人都向他求教。
turn down 关小；拒绝
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn out 结果是，证明是；生产出
turn up 开大；出现
[即学即练]——用turn的相关短语填空
⑤The meeting has already begun, but the chairman hasn’t turned up yet.
⑥Tom turned down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
⑦It turned out that the job was much harder than we had thought.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
⑧(普通表达)When you are in trouble, you can ask me for help.
(高级表达)When you are in trouble, you can turn to me for help．
This is/was a time when...这是一个……的时期， when引导定语从句。
(教材P34)However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
This is/was a time when... 这是一个……的时期
There was a time when... 曾有一段时间……
①This was a time when black people were treated unfairly.
这是一个黑人遭受不公平待遇的时期。
②There was a time when women were not allowed to go to school.
曾经有一段时间，女性不被允许去上学。
[链接写作]——完成句子
这是一个我们中国人既有许多挑战又有机遇的时期。
This is a time when we Chinese have both a great many challenges and opportunities.
(1)see，find等动词以地点或时间名词作主语
(2)where引导的定语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词
(教材P34)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
(1)see，find等动词可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时经历、发生、目睹了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。
(2)当先行词是stage，situation，case，point，position等词时，定语从句常用where或in which来引导。
①National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the street.
国庆节里，人们在大街上高兴地唱啊，跳啊！
②The last ten years have seen the great changes in our city. 我们的城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化。
③The matter has reached a stage where both their parents are to be called in.
事情已经发展到双方家长必须被叫来的地步。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The past 30 years have seen(see) the great changes that have taken place in my hometown.
②The two stone lions standing in front of Tian’an men saw(see) many great historic events.
③You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
④We just hope to reach a point where both sides will sit down and talk together.
only倒装句型
(教材P34)...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或when, if引导的状语从句)时，句子需要部分倒装。
①Only then did he know how much damage had been caused.
只有在那时他才知道造成了多少损失。
②Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方法，你才可能解决这个问题。
[链接写作]——一句多译
(2018·浙江卷6月)只有当我在英语口语比赛中获得一等奖时我才意识到精通英语口语的重要性。
①I realized it was important to have a good command of spoken English only when I won the first prize in the spoken English contest.
②Only when I won the first prize in the spoken English contest did I realize it was important to have a good command of spoken English.(倒装)
品句填词
1．I thought it was really mean of him not to let Jane use his car.
2．All people are equal, having the same rights as each other.
3．She left a lot of money in her will to found a school.
4．Don’t worry about the baby not wanting to leave you—it’s a stage they all go through.
5．You may wish to get legal(法律的) advice before solving the problem.
6．Professor Li always encourages students to take a(n) active(积极的) part in discussions.
7．He is popular with his friends because he is always willing(愿意的) to help them when they are in trouble.
8．Bill is a generous(慷慨的) person, who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disaster-hit area.
9．He said that he would devote(致力于) all his life to educating children.
10．Great people have lots of good qualities(品德), such as honesty, selflessness and independence.
11．We must follow the principle(原则) that education should be fair to everyone.
12．It does serious harm to children’s character that too much violence(暴力) is shown on television.
13．In the past, the black people in the USA had no right to vote(选举)．
14．It is hopeful(有希望的) that we can finish the task ahead of schedule.
15．A lawyer(律师) is a person who can give others guidance about legal problems.
单句改错
1．Over one in four unemployed people have now been out of the work for over a year.去掉the
2．A worker was killed when his car blows up.blows→blew
3．We first broke the law in a way in which was peaceful.去掉第二个in
4．The school that I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.that→where
5．The old man was kind to me, to which I was grateful.第二个to→for
6．You should do as you are told or you will in trouble.在will后加be
课文语法填空
Elias was born in 1940 and had little education because his family was poor. He first met Mandela in 1952 when he was 1.a poor black worker in a gold mine in South Africa.Mandela helped him get the correct papers, which allowed him to stay in Johannesburg. Elias was grateful 2.to Mandela. When Mandela 3.organized(organize) the ANC Youth League, he joined it as soon as possible.
As Mandela once said, black people had reached a stage 4.where they had almost no rights at all.They couldn’t vote or choose their 5.leaders(lead)．They lived in the poorest parts of South Africa. Black people first broke the law in a 6.peaceful(peace) way, but it was useless. As a result, Mandela called on black people 7.to fight(fight) for their equal rights and answer violence with violence.
8.Actually(actual), Elias didn’t like violence. But in 1963, he helped Mandela blow up some government buildings. Although Elias was 9.frightened(frighten) to be caught and put in prison, he was happy to help because he knew it would help them achieve their dream of 10.making(make) black people and white people equal.
单句语法填空
1．Mr Zhang asked us to be well prepared before attending the class and take an active(act) part in discussions.
2．People in that village are hopeful(hope) about getting through this long winter though their food is running out.
3．Mary is so selfish(self) that few of us are willing to make friends with her.
4．Devoted(devote) to the cause of education, she didn’t get married in her whole life.
5．Our goal is to create a peaceful(peace) community with shared future for mankind.
6．I was looking forward to working under her expert guidance(guide)．
7．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally(equal) respected.
8．Founded(found) in last century, the church has a history of about 90 years.
9．Our hometown has seen(see) a lot of changes in recent years.
10．I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
阅读理解
A
Although I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Year’s Day last year. I was having a terrible headache. I knew it was time to quit.
Searching for methods to quit smoking on the Internet is like searching for weight loss tips—there are thousands of different ways that are said to be the best, but not all are right for you.One approach that did draw my interest was apps.Along with cigarettes(烟), my phone was the only other thing I couldn’t leave my apartment without.
There are hundreds of apps for quitting smoking.I downloaded an app called QuitIt because it was said to be good. It was free and didn’t cost much time as some others. You input the amount of cigarettes you smoke, the cost per pack and the time you decide to quit smoking. The app does the maths and then gives you information based on the information given by you. It tracks the amount of time since you decided to quit, the money you’ve saved, and the danger you’ve avoided. The app also includes a number of health goals.
Quitting smoking was one of the hardest things I’ve ever had to do. Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick and I felt terrible, but the most difficult part was the empty feeling I was left with.Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made.If I wanted to smoke while I was on the computer, I’d immediately go to stopsmoking to read a success story, or to offer support to someone else having a harder time than me.
I quit smoking 1 year 2 months and 27 days ago.I did not smoke 6, 771 cigarettes and saved $4, 062.84.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者想要戒烟，后来利用一个手机应用软件成功地戒了烟。
1．What did the author realize when suffering the terrible headache?
A．He should turn to an app.
B．He should go to see a doctor.
C．It was time to make a new plan.
D．It was about time that he quit smoking.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Although I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Year’s Day last year. I was having a terrible headache. I knew it was time to quit.可知，作者意识到是时候戒烟了。
2．What does the underlined word “approach” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Method. B．Result.
C．Place. D．Suggestion.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的Searching for methods to quit smoking可知，这里是指一种利用app戒烟的“方法”。
3．It’s implied in Paragraph 4 that QuitIt________.
A．played a big role in the author’s quitting smoking
B．made the author’s time much harder
C．was questioned by many people
D．could be used on the computer
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick...Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made.可知，这个app在作者的戒烟过程中起着很重要的作用。
4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To show us the harm of smoking.
B．To encourage readers to use an app.
C．To explain why he chose to quit smoking.
D．To tell us how he managed to quit smoking.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要讲述的是自己是如何成功戒烟的。
B
Nelson Mandela was a figure(人物) of international fame, and many details of his life and career were public knowledge. But here are some things you may not have known about him.
In his youth, Mandela enjoyed boxing. Even during the 27 years he spent in prison, he would exercise every morning. “I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it. Boxing is equal. I never did any real fighting after I entered politics. My main interest was in training，” he wrote in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom. In the Mandela Family Museum, visitors can find the world championship belt given to Mandela by American boxer Sugar Ray Leonard.
When Mandela was nine years old, a teacher at his primary school gave him an English name “Nelson”， which is a custom to give all school children Christian names. Rolihlahla is his original name but it’s not a common name in South Africa. It means “troublemaker”. In South Africa, Mr Mandela was often called by his clan(宗族) name “Madiba”， which South Africans used out of respect.
A fake passport in the name of David Motsamayi was used by Mr Mandela. He had changed his appearance and pretended(假装) to be a driver, a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authorities.
Mr Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939, failing about half the courses he took. In August 1952, he and Oliver Tambo set up South Africa’s first black law firm in Johannesburg. He persevered(坚持不懈) to finally get a law degree while in prison in 1989.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇人物传记。曼德拉是一位国际知名人物，他的生活和事业的许多细节都为公众所知。但本文讲了他一些鲜为人知的事情：他是个拳击迷，还有一个法律公司。
5．Nelson Mandela became a boxing fan because________.
A．he enjoyed the violence of boxing
B．he wanted to take the championship
C．he desired to enjoy the training
D．he hoped to find a better job
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it. Boxing is equal. I never did any real fighting after I entered politics. My main interest was in training可知，他因为渴望得到训练才迷恋上拳击的。故选C项。
6．Which of the following is TRUE about Mandela’s name?
A．His original name was not Nelson.
B．His parents gave him the name “Nelson”．
C．Rolihlahla is a popular name in South Africa.
D．Madiba was his Christian name.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的When Mandela was nine years old, a teacher at his primary school gave him an English name “Nelson”， which is a custom to give all school children Christian names. Rolihlahla is his original name可知，他的原名并不是Nelson。故选A项。
7.The underlined word “fake” in the fourth paragraph probably means “________”．
A．not clear B．not real
C．not accessible D．not available
B 解析：词义猜测题。由第四段的He had changed his appearance and pretended(假装) to be a driver, a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authorities.可知，他的名字及外表都进行了改变，所以护照是假的。故选B项。
8．From the last paragraph, we can infer that________.
A．it took Mr Mandela over fifty years to get a law degree
B．black people are not allowed to set up law firms
C．one can’t get a law degree if he/she has been put into prison
D．Mr Mandela was a determined person
D 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段内容可知，他花了50年的时间学习法律，并坚持不懈地去争取获得学位。由此可知他是一个意志很坚定的人。故选D项。
七选五
Memorizing an essay is a great way to pass tests and increase your overall knowledge. 1.____
Here are some techniques to help you memorize an essay easily.
2．________Start early when you need to memorize something.Give yourself one day for every paragraph or page. Master one section each day. Once you have memorized two sections separately, try putting them together.Then you will find memorizing the whole essay is not so hard.
Read the essay out loud to start learning it. Reading the essay out loud is important because it forces you to read and speak every single word in the essay.3.________
Test yourself after reading. After you have studied the text for a while, put it down, and recite(背诵) as much as you can from memory. At first, you may not remember much, but every time you practise, you will recall more and more. 4.________If you miss a word or forget a line, he can prompt(提示) you by telling you the next word or two.
Start from the end if going from the beginning is not working.5.______Begin by memorizing the last sentence or paragraph, and then move back to the sentence or paragraph right before that one.
A．Memorize a little bit each day.
B．This will help you remember it.
C．Try writing out the essay once or twice.
D．Sometimes you may find it easier to start from the end.
E．However, many students find it difficult to memorize an essay.
F．In addition, find a partner to test you on what you’ve memorized.
G．Memorizing something in one session is not the most effective way to learn it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了如何背诵一篇文章。
1．E 解析：此空设于段尾，与前一句形成逻辑上的转折关系。本空前一句介绍了背诵文章的重要性，而下文提到了几个背诵文章的技巧，故此处需要一个承上启下的句子。此句意为：然而，很多学生发现背诵一篇文章很难。
2．A 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段主要是讲将文章分为几部分，然后每天背诵一部分，后文都是围绕此句展开说明的。
3．B 解析：此空设于段尾，是本段的总结句。本段主要是讲大声朗读文章，且空前提出了大声朗读文章的原因，此句进一步总结大声朗读文章的作用。
4．F 解析：此空设于段中，与后一句存在逻辑上的指代关系。后文中的he指代的是本句中的partner。
5．D 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在逻辑上的解释关系。前一句说如果从开头背诵不起作用的话就从结尾开始，此句进一步解释，有时候你会发现从结尾背诵更容易。
课件42张PPT。Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern herothe air qualitywithto upsetwaitingpersuadingdevoteddevoteddevotionDevoting herself toDevoted to teachingfoundedfoundedto turnforwas attackedunderequallydoingwas equal towas fit forinfinding求助于翻到从事于查阅turned upturned downturned outturn to me for helpThis is a time whenhave seensawwherewheredid I realize按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
品句填词
1．I thought it was really mean of him not to let Jane use his car.
2．All people are equal, having the same rights as each other.
3．She left a lot of money in her will to found a school.
4．Don’t worry about the baby not wanting to leave you—it’s a stage they all go through.
5．You may wish to get legal(法律的) advice before solving the problem.
6．Professor Li always encourages students to take a(n) active(积极的) part in discussions.
7．He is popular with his friends because he is always willing(愿意的) to help them when they are in trouble.
8．Bill is a generous(慷慨的) person, who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disaster-hit area.
9．He said that he would devote(致力于) all his life to educating children.
10．Great people have lots of good qualities(品德), such as honesty, selflessness and independence.
11．We must follow the principle(原则) that education should be fair to everyone.
12．It does serious harm to children’s character that too much violence(暴力) is shown on television.
13．In the past, the black people in the USA had no right to vote(选举)．
14．It is hopeful(有希望的) that we can finish the task ahead of schedule.
15．A lawyer(律师) is a person who can give others guidance about legal problems.
单句改错
1．Over one in four unemployed people have now been out of the work for over a year.去掉the
2．A worker was killed when his car blows up.blows→blew
3．We first broke the law in a way in which was peaceful.去掉第二个in
4．The school that I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.that→where
5．The old man was kind to me, to which I was grateful.第二个to→for
6．You should do as you are told or you will in trouble.在will后加be
课文语法填空
Elias was born in 1940 and had little education because his family was poor. He first met Mandela in 1952 when he was 1.a poor black worker in a gold mine in South Africa.Mandela helped him get the correct papers, which allowed him to stay in Johannesburg. Elias was grateful 2.to Mandela. When Mandela 3.organized(organize) the ANC Youth League, he joined it as soon as possible.
As Mandela once said, black people had reached a stage 4.where they had almost no rights at all.They couldn’t vote or choose their 5.leaders(lead)．They lived in the poorest parts of South Africa. Black people first broke the law in a 6.peaceful(peace) way, but it was useless. As a result, Mandela called on black people 7.to fight(fight) for their equal rights and answer violence with violence.
8.Actually(actual), Elias didn’t like violence. But in 1963, he helped Mandela blow up some government buildings. Although Elias was 9.frightened(frighten) to be caught and put in prison, he was happy to help because he knew it would help them achieve their dream of 10.making(make) black people and white people equal.
单句语法填空
1．Mr Zhang asked us to be well prepared before attending the class and take an active(act) part in discussions.
2．People in that village are hopeful(hope) about getting through this long winter though their food is running out.
3．Mary is so selfish(self) that few of us are willing to make friends with her.
4．Devoted(devote) to the cause of education, she didn’t get married in her whole life.
5．Our goal is to create a peaceful(peace) community with shared future for mankind.
6．I was looking forward to working under her expert guidance(guide)．
7．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally(equal) respected.
8．Founded(found) in last century, the church has a history of about 90 years.
9．Our hometown has seen(see) a lot of changes in recent years.
10．I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
阅读理解
A
Although I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Year’s Day last year. I was having a terrible headache. I knew it was time to quit.
Searching for methods to quit smoking on the Internet is like searching for weight loss tips—there are thousands of different ways that are said to be the best, but not all are right for you.One approach that did draw my interest was apps.Along with cigarettes(烟), my phone was the only other thing I couldn’t leave my apartment without.
There are hundreds of apps for quitting smoking.I downloaded an app called QuitIt because it was said to be good. It was free and didn’t cost much time as some others. You input the amount of cigarettes you smoke, the cost per pack and the time you decide to quit smoking. The app does the maths and then gives you information based on the information given by you. It tracks the amount of time since you decided to quit, the money you’ve saved, and the danger you’ve avoided. The app also includes a number of health goals.
Quitting smoking was one of the hardest things I’ve ever had to do. Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick and I felt terrible, but the most difficult part was the empty feeling I was left with.Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made.If I wanted to smoke while I was on the computer, I’d immediately go to stopsmoking to read a success story, or to offer support to someone else having a harder time than me.
I quit smoking 1 year 2 months and 27 days ago.I did not smoke 6, 771 cigarettes and saved $4, 062.84.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者想要戒烟，后来利用一个手机应用软件成功地戒了烟。
1．What did the author realize when suffering the terrible headache?
A．He should turn to an app.
B．He should go to see a doctor.
C．It was time to make a new plan.
D．It was about time that he quit smoking.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Although I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Year’s Day last year. I was having a terrible headache. I knew it was time to quit.可知，作者意识到是时候戒烟了。
2．What does the underlined word “approach” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Method. B．Result.
C．Place. D．Suggestion.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的Searching for methods to quit smoking可知，这里是指一种利用app戒烟的“方法”。
3．It’s implied in Paragraph 4 that QuitIt________.
A．played a big role in the author’s quitting smoking
B．made the author’s time much harder
C．was questioned by many people
D．could be used on the computer
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick...Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made.可知，这个app在作者的戒烟过程中起着很重要的作用。
4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To show us the harm of smoking.
B．To encourage readers to use an app.
C．To explain why he chose to quit smoking.
D．To tell us how he managed to quit smoking.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要讲述的是自己是如何成功戒烟的。
B
Nelson Mandela was a figure(人物) of international fame, and many details of his life and career were public knowledge. But here are some things you may not have known about him.
In his youth, Mandela enjoyed boxing. Even during the 27 years he spent in prison, he would exercise every morning. “I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it. Boxing is equal. I never did any real fighting after I entered politics. My main interest was in training，” he wrote in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom. In the Mandela Family Museum, visitors can find the world championship belt given to Mandela by American boxer Sugar Ray Leonard.
When Mandela was nine years old, a teacher at his primary school gave him an English name “Nelson”， which is a custom to give all school children Christian names. Rolihlahla is his original name but it’s not a common name in South Africa. It means “troublemaker”. In South Africa, Mr Mandela was often called by his clan(宗族) name “Madiba”， which South Africans used out of respect.
A fake passport in the name of David Motsamayi was used by Mr Mandela. He had changed his appearance and pretended(假装) to be a driver, a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authorities.
Mr Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939, failing about half the courses he took. In August 1952, he and Oliver Tambo set up South Africa’s first black law firm in Johannesburg. He persevered(坚持不懈) to finally get a law degree while in prison in 1989.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇人物传记。曼德拉是一位国际知名人物，他的生活和事业的许多细节都为公众所知。但本文讲了他一些鲜为人知的事情：他是个拳击迷，还有一个法律公司。
5．Nelson Mandela became a boxing fan because________.
A．he enjoyed the violence of boxing
B．he wanted to take the championship
C．he desired to enjoy the training
D．he hoped to find a better job
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it. Boxing is equal. I never did any real fighting after I entered politics. My main interest was in training可知，他因为渴望得到训练才迷恋上拳击的。故选C项。
6．Which of the following is TRUE about Mandela’s name?
A．His original name was not Nelson.
B．His parents gave him the name “Nelson”．
C．Rolihlahla is a popular name in South Africa.
D．Madiba was his Christian name.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的When Mandela was nine years old, a teacher at his primary school gave him an English name “Nelson”， which is a custom to give all school children Christian names. Rolihlahla is his original name可知，他的原名并不是Nelson。故选A项。
7.The underlined word “fake” in the fourth paragraph probably means “________”．
A．not clear B．not real
C．not accessible D．not available
B 解析：词义猜测题。由第四段的He had changed his appearance and pretended(假装) to be a driver, a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authorities.可知，他的名字及外表都进行了改变，所以护照是假的。故选B项。
8．From the last paragraph, we can infer that________.
A．it took Mr Mandela over fifty years to get a law degree
B．black people are not allowed to set up law firms
C．one can’t get a law degree if he/she has been put into prison
D．Mr Mandela was a determined person
D 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段内容可知，他花了50年的时间学习法律，并坚持不懈地去争取获得学位。由此可知他是一个意志很坚定的人。故选D项。
七选五
Memorizing an essay is a great way to pass tests and increase your overall knowledge. 1.____
Here are some techniques to help you memorize an essay easily.
2．________Start early when you need to memorize something.Give yourself one day for every paragraph or page. Master one section each day. Once you have memorized two sections separately, try putting them together.Then you will find memorizing the whole essay is not so hard.
Read the essay out loud to start learning it. Reading the essay out loud is important because it forces you to read and speak every single word in the essay.3.________
Test yourself after reading. After you have studied the text for a while, put it down, and recite(背诵) as much as you can from memory. At first, you may not remember much, but every time you practise, you will recall more and more. 4.________If you miss a word or forget a line, he can prompt(提示) you by telling you the next word or two.
Start from the end if going from the beginning is not working.5.______Begin by memorizing the last sentence or paragraph, and then move back to the sentence or paragraph right before that one.
A．Memorize a little bit each day.
B．This will help you remember it.
C．Try writing out the essay once or twice.
D．Sometimes you may find it easier to start from the end.
E．However, many students find it difficult to memorize an essay.
F．In addition, find a partner to test you on what you’ve memorized.
G．Memorizing something in one session is not the most effective way to learn it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了如何背诵一篇文章。
1．E 解析：此空设于段尾，与前一句形成逻辑上的转折关系。本空前一句介绍了背诵文章的重要性，而下文提到了几个背诵文章的技巧，故此处需要一个承上启下的句子。此句意为：然而，很多学生发现背诵一篇文章很难。
2．A 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段主要是讲将文章分为几部分，然后每天背诵一部分，后文都是围绕此句展开说明的。
3．B 解析：此空设于段尾，是本段的总结句。本段主要是讲大声朗读文章，且空前提出了大声朗读文章的原因，此句进一步总结大声朗读文章的作用。
4．F 解析：此空设于段中，与后一句存在逻辑上的指代关系。后文中的he指代的是本句中的partner。
5．D 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在逻辑上的解释关系。前一句说如果从开头背诵不起作用的话就从结尾开始，此句进一步解释，有时候你会发现从结尾背诵更容易。
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.escape vi.&vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开
2.beg vi. 请求；乞求
3.relative n. 亲戚；亲属
4.reward n. 报酬；奖金
vt. 酬劳；奖赏
5.sentence vt. 判决；宣判
6.president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长
7.opinion n. 意见；看法；主张
拓展词汇
8.educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→educator n．教师；教育学家→education n．教育；教育学；训练
9.terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→terrorism n．恐怖主义；恐怖统治→terrorist n．恐怖分子
10.cruelty n．残忍；残酷→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的
11.beg vi.请求；乞求→beggar n．乞求者
阅读词汇
12.quote n． 引用语；语录
13.release vt. 释放；发行
14.blanket n. 毛毯；毯子
重点短语
1.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
2.be in prison 蹲监狱
3.come to power 当权；上台
4.set up 设立；建立
5.be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
6.in one’s opinion 依……之见
7.stop... from doing... 阻止……做……
8.the first time 第一次
重点句型
1.should have done sth.本应该做某事(实际上未做)
He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep(我们本应该睡觉的时间).
2.did加强语气
They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams(他们确实通过了考试).
3.the first time第一次，引导时间状语从句
I felt bad the first time(第一次) I talked to a group.
Read the passage and choose the best answer.
1．Elias’ story tells us that ________．
A．Mr Mandela was a great leader and was ready to help others
B．black people in South Africa lived a hard life before
C．Elias was a brave, clever black man and he suffered a lot in prison
D．all the above
2．Why did Mr Mandela allow the prison guards to study too?
A．Because he needed the guards’ help.
B．Because he thought the guards had their rights to study.
C．Because the guards were black people too.
D．Because the guards could pass their exams.
3．Why did Elias study on Robben Island?
A．To kill time.
B．To help Mandela.
C．To fight against the government.
D．To get a degree.
4．How does Elias feel now when he works on Robben Island?
A．Frightened. B．Proud.
C．Excited. D．Upset.
答案：1－4.DBDB
①imagine[I'm?d?In]v.想象；设想
imagine后可跟名词、代词、v.-ing形式或从句作宾语。
②escape[I'skeIp]vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开
③break[bre?k]n.间歇；休息
④should have done sth.本应该做某事(实际上没做)
⑤blanket['bl??kIt]n.毛毯；毯子
⑥stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(此处用了被动语态)
⑦degree[d?'ɡri?]n.学位；程度；度数
⑧did 为助动词，表示强调，意为“确实，的确”。
⑨feel good about oneself 自我感觉不错
⑩in prison表示“坐牢”，prison 前不加冠词。
?educated['ed??keItId]adj. 受过教育的；有教养的
?find out 查明白；弄清楚
? come to power 当权；上台
?beg[beɡ]vi.请求；乞求
?relative['rel?tIv]n.亲戚；亲属
?terror['ter?]n.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
?fear[f??(r)]n.恐惧
?beating['bi?t??]n.狠打；揍
?cruelty['kru??ltI]n.残忍；残酷
?reward[rI'w??d]n.报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏
(be proud to do...因做……而自豪
【核心素养链接·文化采风】
罗本岛(Robben Island)位于南非西开普省桌湾中，是南大西洋上的一座小岛，面积13平方公里，距南非立法首都开普敦11公里。从17世纪开始，罗本岛成为殖民者关押土著反抗运动首领的地方。 罗本岛先后关押过3 000多名黑人运动领袖和积极分子。1964年6月，曼德拉被当时南非白人政府判处终身监禁，开始在罗本岛服刑，直至1982年才被转移到波尔斯摩尔监狱。
THE REST OF ELIAS’ STORY
You cannot imagine①how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was a prison from which no one escaped②. There I spent the hardest time of my life. But when I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr Mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning．He taught us during the lunch breaks③ and the evenings when we should have been④ asleep. We read books under our blankets⑤and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words. I became a good student. I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed to do that. Later，Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us.He said they should not be stopped from⑥ studying for their degrees⑦. They were not cleverer than me, but they did⑧pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too.That made me feel good about myself⑨.
◆from which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a prison, from与从句的谓语动词escaped搭配。escape from表示“从……逃走”。
◆who在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词those of us。
◆when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the lunch breaks and the evenings。
◆we could find是省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词anything。因为此处先行词anything为不定代词，故关系词应用that。
◆made me feel good about myself为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
When I finished the four years in prison⑩， I went to find a job. Since I was better educated?， I got a job working in an office. However, the police found out?and told my boss that I had been in prison for blowing up government buildings. So I lost my job. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power?in 1994. All that time my wife and children had to beg?for food and help from relatives?or friends.Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on R obben Island. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. All the terror?and fear?of that time came back to me. I remembered the beatings?and the cruelty?of the guards and my friends who had died. I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me. They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward?after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. So now I am proud to( show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.
◆Since I was better educated为since引导的原因状语从句，since意为“因为，既然，由于”。主句中的working in an office作job的同位语，解释说明job的内容。
◆本句包含not...until...引导的时间状语从句，not...until...意为“直到……才……”。
◆taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Island作job的同位语，解释说明job的内容。
◆此处the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。
◆said后为that引导的宾语从句，其中after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks为介词短语作时间状语。
伊莱亚斯的故事(续篇)
你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。在那里我度过了我一生中最艰苦的岁月。但是我到那儿时，纳尔逊·曼德拉也在那儿，他帮助了我。曼德拉先生为我们当中那些几乎没有上过学的人开办了学校。他在午休以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们。我们躲在毯子下面读书，用可以找到的任何东西制成蜡烛来看清书上的字。我成了一名好学生。我想为我的学位而学习，但不被允许那样做。之后，曼德拉先生让狱卒和我们一起学习。他说他们不该被阻止为学位而学习。他们并不比我聪明，但确实通过了考试。因此我知道我也能拿到学位。那让我感觉不错。
在监狱里服完四年的刑之后，我去找工作。因为我受过比较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。然而警察发现并告诉了我的老板我因炸毁政府大楼而坐过牢。于是我失业了。在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有再工作。在那段时期，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友那儿讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。幸亏曼德拉先生还记得我，并给了我一份工作，让我带旅行团去参观罗本岛上(我待过的)那座旧监狱。第一次给旅行团讲解时，我感觉很糟。我想起了那时所有的恐怖和害怕。我记起了狱卒的殴打和暴行以及我那些死去的朋友。我觉得我做不了这份工作，但是我的家人鼓励我。他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。所以现在我很骄傲地给参观者介绍有关监狱的情况，因为我曾为争取我们的人民在自己的土地上的自由而出过力。
lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
(教材P37)The scientist from whom we heard the good news never lost heart when he was in trouble.
我们从其口中获得好消息的科学家遇到困难时从不灰心。
lose one’s heart to... 爱上……
put one’s heart into... 专心于……
heart and soul 全心全意；完全地
①Please don’t lose heart; you still have chances.
请不要灰心，你还有机会。
②Put your heart into your work and you will succeed in time.
专心于工作，总有一天你会成功的。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①面对困难，他从不灰心丧气，总是尽力克服困难。
Faced with difficulty, he never loses heart and always tries his best to overcome it.
②我决心全心全意为人民服务。
I’m determined to serve the people heart and soul．
escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开
(教材P38)It was a prison from which no one escaped.
那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。
(1)escape from... 从……中逃脱
escape doing sth. 逃避做某事
(2)escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
①During the earthquake some miners were trapped in the mine, and they couldn’t escape without rescue.
地震时一些矿工被困在矿井中，没有救援他们不能逃脱。
②His telephone number escaped me.
我忘记了他的电话号码。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Luckily，he was able to escape from the burning building.
②No one can escape punishment/being punished(punish) if he breaks law.
come to power 当权；上台
(教材P38)I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.
在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有再工作。
(1)
(2)
①After he came to power, the man devoted most of his time to society work.
这个人当权后把他的大部分时间用于社会工作。
②Every time I get into trouble and turn to him, he will do everything in his power to help me out.
每次我处境困难向他求助时，他都竭尽所能地帮我摆脱困境。
[链接写作]——一句多译
政府已执政三年。
①The government came to power three years ago.
②The government has been in power for three years.
beg vt.& vi.请求；乞求(begged, begged)
(教材P38)All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.
在那段时期，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友那儿讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。
(1)beg for 乞求得到；请求得到
beg (sb.) to do sth. 乞求(某人)做某事
beg one’s pardon 对不起；没有听清，请求别人再重复一次
beg that sb.(should) do 请求……
(2)beggar n. 乞丐
①She ran to the nearest house and begged for help.
她跑到最近的人家请求帮助。
②The children begged that they(should) join in the activity to make our city more beautiful.
孩子们请求加入使我们城市更美的活动。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The little girl begged to be given(give) another chance.
②He begged me to persuade(persuade) his father to give up smoking.
reward n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏
(教材P38)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.
他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。
(1)as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
in reward for 为酬谢……；作为奖励
(2)reward sb.for sth. 因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb.with sth. 用某物回报某人
①In reward, I lent him a hand when he was in trouble.
作为报答，当他陷入困境时，我帮了他一把。
②She wanted to reward the cleaners with ￡1，000 for their efforts.
她想对清洁工所做出的努力奖赏1 000英镑。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded(reward) with success in the end.
②She got nothing in reward for her kindness.
[链接写作]——一句多译
我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。
③I gave him a book bought from Shanghai in reward for his help.(reward n．)
④As a reward for his help, I gave him a book which was bought from Shanghai.(reward n．)
⑤I rewarded him with a book which I bought from Shanghai for his help.(reward v．)
set up 建立；设立；竖立；搭起(相当于put up)
(经典例句)For all these years I have been working for others.I’m hoping I’ll set up my own business some day.
这些年来我一直为他人工作。我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。
set down 记下，写下
set about 开始做
set aside 把……放在一边；留出
set off 出发，动身；使爆炸
set out 出发；开始做，着手做
①We set up tents for those whose houses were destroyed or seriously damaged.
我们为房屋被毁或房屋严重受损的那些人搭了帐篷。
②Nowadays，some film stars want to set up their own workshops.
现在，一些电影明星想创办自己的工作室。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①At five in the morning he sets out to do(do) his work.
②You had better set down what your teacher said.
③The moment he arrived home, he set about reading(read) the book.
④The moment they arrived there, they began to set up their tents.
sentence vt.判决；宣判
(教材P39)Nelson Mandela was sentenced to five years’ hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws. 纳尔逊·曼德拉因鼓励使用暴力对抗反黑人的法律而被判处五年劳教。
(1)be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
(2)sentence sb.to death 判某人死刑
sentence sb.to five years’ imprisonment 判某人五年监禁
①The prisoner has been sentenced to death for his bad behavior.
由于他的恶劣行为，囚犯被判处死刑。
②The prisoner was sentenced to pay a fine of $ 5，000.
这名犯人被判处5 000美元的罚款。
[链接写作]——完成句子
记者因虚假消息被判处两年监禁。
The reporter was sentenced to two years in prison for giving false news.
should have done sth.本来应该做某事(实际上没做)
(教材P38)He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
他在午休以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们。
(1)should have done sth.意为“本应该做某事而未做某事”，表示站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。
(2)shouldn’t have done sth.意为“本不应该做某事而做了”。
①In my opinion, she should have come earlier.
在我看来，她应当更早一点儿来。
②He shouldn’t have said that to his brother.
他不该对他弟弟说那些话。
[链接写作]——完成句子
他把本来应该用在学习上的时间花在了玩电脑游戏上，所以他没通过考试。
He spent the time he should have spent in studying in playing computer games, so he didn’t pass the exam.
(教材P38)They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams.
他们并不比我聪明，但确实通过了考试。
(1)句中did起强调作用，强调谓语动词pass，意为“的确；确实”。
(2)do的强调用法常用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定陈述句及祈使句中。do表示强调时，时态与句子的时态一致。
①He did give the boy a toy car as a reward for his help.
他确实给了那个男孩一辆玩具汽车作为对他提供的帮助的奖赏。
②She does go to school every day.
她确实是每天都去上学。
[链接写作]——完成句子
我的确希望你能给我一些如何与我同班同学相处的建议。
I do hope you can give me some tips on how to get along with my classmates.
the first time引导时间状语从句
(教材P38)I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次给旅行团讲解时，我感觉很糟。
(1)the first time用作连词，意为“第一次”，引导时间状语从句。
(2)类似用法还有“every/each time每次……就……；每当；next time ...下次……”等。
①I thought her kind and honest the first time I saw her.
我第一次见她时就觉得她诚实、善良。
②Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候，一定记着把你的儿子带来。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①每次约翰上学迟到，他都会编个新借口。
Every time John is late for school, he will make up a new excuse.
②这是她第一次在电影中扮演角色。
It is the first time that she has played a part in a film.
品句填词
1．Michael’s parents sat in his dormitory and cried sadly, begging him not to drop out of school.
2．I remember crying for her as I thought about the cruelty(残酷) and coldness that had led to her death.
3．Lots of things, including clothes and blankets,have been sent to the town hit by the earthquake.
4．Tony is a(n) educated child and always polite to others.
5．When she suddenly heard someone crying outside, she turned white in terror．
6．The police offered a(n) reward(奖金) for any information about the robbery.
7．He was released(释放) from prison after serving his sentence.
8．His brother was sentenced(判) to five years in prison for attacking others.
9．When the earthquake happened, the teacher chose to protect her students instead of escaping(逃跑) first.
10．When Hitler came to power(权力), Einstein had to leave his motherland.
11．Some students are not willing to share their opinions(看法) with others.
12．One of my relatives(亲戚) works in an insurance company and she has persuaded me to buy fire insurance for my apartment.
选词填空
as a matter of fact; be sentenced to; in trouble; turn to; out of work; lose heart; blow up; come to power
1．James failed to start a business, but he didn’t lose heart and tried a second time.
2．People have lived a peaceful life since the new political party came to power．
3．The thief was sentenced to two years in prison because he stole the things in a shop when he was out of work.
4．When in trouble, they had to beg for food from their relatives or friends.
5．He refused my request without a second thought when I turned to him for help.
6．Mr Green became out of work because his factory was closed down several days ago.
7．The soldiers blew up the bridge just as the train was about to come.
8．Many people think it good to buy a gift.As a matter of fact, your gift will be more meaningful if you make it yourself.
完成句子
1．面对学校暴力问题，我不会以暴制暴，反而会从老师和家长那里寻求帮助。
In the face of violence at school, I will not answer violence with violence．Instead, I will turn to my teachers and parents for help.
2．到那时埃里克才懂得生活没那么容易。
Only then did Eric understand that life was not so easy.
3．亨利大学一毕业就在伦敦成立了自己的公司。
As soon as Henry graduated from university, he set up his own company in London.
4．过去十年我们国家已经在很多领域发生了巨大的变化。
The last ten years have seen great changes in many fields in our country.
5．既然咱家离电影院只有一英里路，我们可以走着去那。
Since our home is only one mile away from the cinema, we can walk there.
6．他本来应该早上九点到达火车站。
He should have arrived at the railway station at 9 in the morning.
单句语法填空
1．Now many people move into cities in order to have their children receive better education (educate)．
2．There is no way to escape doing(do) the work.
3．She immediately started ringing round her friends and relatives(relative)．
4．People still have different opinions(opinion) on whether students can bring cell phones to school.
5．His father was sentenced(sentence) to five years in prison for stealing.
6．The first time I visited(visit) that land, I decided to settle there.
7．It is the fifth time that the students in Trinity College have visited(visit) our school.
8．Though he has met with many difficulties over the past two years, he is still hopeful(hope)．
9．When a person is in trouble, talking with others often helps him feel better.
10．The baby has reached the stage where he can stand up.
阅读理解
In the state of Maryland, a girl was born into slavery in 1820.Her parents named her Araminta Harriet Ross.She was to become Harriet Tubman.She was one of about one million Africans in slavery in the United States.
From the age of five, Harriet Tubman’s owners made her work very hard.First, she cared for the child of the farm owner.Then, she did hard work on large farms.
Although she could not read or write, Tubman learned from her parents to do what was right.Through her whole life, Tubman put herself in danger to help other people.
One such act changed her life when she was 13 years old.Because she helped another slave, her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head.She was badly hurt.For the rest of her life, Tubman’s head wound caused problems for her.
When she was about 25 years old, Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman.But she was still a slave.Her life was so difficult that she decided to escape.She travelled for 145 kilometres, and finally crossed into the North.Tubman became a free woman.
But Tubman could not leave her family enslaved in the South.So she travelled back to help them escape as well.Then, she made many trips and guided about 300 slaves to freedom.Tubman also fought bravely in the American Civil War and in 1865 slavery was not allowed in the U．S.
Harriet Tubman died in 1913.Her memory brings hope to many people—especially to those who fight for justice (正义)．She encouraged people to never give up.
“If you want a taste of freedom, keep going.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国杰出的黑人废奴主义运动家哈莉特·塔布曼。
1．What do we know about Harriet Tubman?
A．She was born a slave.
B．She was born in Africa.
C．She was taken to the U．S. by a slave trader.
D．She was sold to a farm owner when she was born.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的a girl was born into slavery可知，Harriet Tubman出生于奴隶家庭，也就意味着她一出生就是奴隶。
2．When she was 13 years old, Tubman ________．
A．planned to run away
B．helped a slave escape
C．fought bravely against her owner
D．was seriously wounded in her head
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的when she was 13 years old和her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head.She was badly hurt.可知，Tubman在13岁的时候，头部受到重创。
3．We can infer from the text that Tubman was ________．
A．honest and friendly
B．strong and helpful
C．lucky and careful
D．clever and polite
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文中对Tubman事迹的描述可知，作为奴隶的她受到非人的折磨，但她却凭借自己顽强的意志成功摆脱奴隶的身份，并且多次帮助其他奴隶获取自由。由此可知，B项准确概括了Tubman的品质。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Africans’ Fight for Freedom
B．Harriet Tubman：From Slave to Hero
C．The History of Slavery in the United States
D．The American Civil War：The North Against the South
B 解析：标题归纳题。Harriet Tubman出身奴隶，但她渴望自由，最终逃到美国北方，获取新生。不仅如此，她还帮助无数黑奴奔向自由，成为了一名英雄。故B项作标题贴切。
七选五
Wilma is a woman from Texas, the USA.She can’t give a good reason why she started smoking cigarettes.Her sister Mary smoked, and when Wilma was young, she stole cigarettes from her sister.1.________In her mid-forties, Wilma decided to stop smoking.
“2.________It was terrible! I realized I had to quit smoking as soon as possible，” she says.In 2017, she got advice from her doctor and used some medicine to help.She also got support from an online organization. She threw out her lighters and started exercising more.
Today, at the age of 49, she enjoys many healthy activities in her life. It’s a lifestyle she never dreamed of as a smoker. 3.________ She also eats healthier foods than she did when she smoked.
“Once you quit, it opens up so many possibilities that you don’t see when you are caught up in the addiction，” Wilma says. “I’ll also admit that as a woman, hoping to look beautiful was part of my reasons to quit, too. 4.________ Of course，smoking just wasn’t going to help me.”
Wilma hopes her story can encourage others to quit smoking.“I want to be an inspiration for others to quit smoking, even if it’s just one person，” she says.“5.________”
A．It’s your health that matters.
B．She practises yoga every day.
C．She felt she had no choice but to quit her job.
D．I want to look as young, healthy, and pretty as I can.
E．I was suffering from some serious health problems.
F．Everyone deserves to work in a smoke-free workplace.
G．This developed into an addiction that lasted 30 years.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位美国妇女戒烟的故事。
1．G 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。This指的是上文中提到的she stole cigarettes from her sister。
2．E 解析：此空设于段首，引出下文。开头提出她的身体状况出现问题了，很严重，所以她才意识到要尽快戒烟。在此过程中，她得到了医生的建议和一个线上组织的支持，扔掉了打火机，开始更多地锻炼。
3．B 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在逻辑上的解释关系。前一句说她过上了她之前从来没有想过的生活，此句和后一句都是对前一句提到的那种生活的具体陈述。
4．D 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。前一句提到作为一位女性，希望能看起来漂亮是她戒烟的一部分原因，此空接着说她想要尽可能地看起来年轻、健康、漂亮，后一句指出，吸烟是不可能帮助她做到这些的。
5．A 解析：此空设于段尾，对本段进行总结。前面提到她希望她的故事可以鼓励其他人戒烟，最后一句总结，毕竟健康是最重要的。
完形填空
Surfing is a stressful and exciting sport.It seems easy to learn at first sight, __1__ it’s a lot harder to actually learn it and __2__ . Not only does the art of surfing require __3__， but it also requires strength.
From my __4__ , I found that surfing was kind of like __5__ a bike. When I was young, I was such a(n) __6__ kid that my parents wanted to reduce my energy by this sport. After countless failures, which __7__ falling flat on my face many times, and weeks of __8__ , I finally became a bike master.
The first time I __9__ how to surf, a thin British worked as my __10__. The Brit, I called him, brought me out into the sea with my __11__ and taught me how to force myself onto a moving plastic board. Then he told me to __12__ the perfect wave to ride into shore. Facing shore, I could only prepare for what is to __13__ . This moment was the most __14__ part of surfing because it seemed that everything was unknown. Then I felt the wave passing under my feet until it came to __15__ me and my board so delicately(优美地) to shore. The Brit still had to guide me, however.“Are you __16__ ？” he shouted to me when the wave was coming.“ Now up! Up！”
Sometimes, I misplaced my feet, lost the balance and would __17__ straight into the rushing wave. __18__， that moment of standing on the plastic board and enjoying the __19__ sea wind is the best memory. After a few days, the scare and __20__ disappear. I can surf at last.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己学习冲浪的经历。
1．A.or B．but
C．and D．because
B 解析：根据上文的It seems easy to learn at first sight及后文的it’s a lot harder to actually learn it可知，作者是说，乍一看，冲浪很容易学，“但”实际上它很难。前后是转折关系。
2．A.play B．review
C．check D．succeed
D 解析：根据语境可知，这里是说学习冲浪并且“成功”是很难的。
3．A.balance B．advice
C．equipment D．permission
A 解析：根据语境可知，冲浪是一门艺术，它不仅需要“平衡”，而且需要力气。
4．A.experiment B．achievement
C．experience D．guidance
C 解析：根据后文内容可知，作者是根据自己的 “经历”做出的判断。
5．A.pushing B．repairing
C．advertising D．riding
D 解析：根据后文的I finally became a bike master可知，作者觉得冲浪有点像“骑”自行车。
6．A.outgoing B．energetic
C．excellent D．confident
B 解析：根据后文的my parents wanted to reduce my energy可知，作者小时候是个“精力旺盛的”孩子。
7．A.resulted in B．aimed at
C．escaped from D．dealt with
A 解析：根据上文的After countless failures可知，作者学骑自行车时经历了无数次失败，“导致”很多次都摔趴在地上。
8.A.break B．practice
C．examination D．preparation
B 解析：根据后文的I finally became a bike master可知，作者应该是经过好几周的“练习”，终于熟练掌握了骑自行车的技术。
9.A.watched B．taught
C．learned D．remembered
C 解析：根据语境可知，这里是指作者“学习”冲浪的时候。
10.A.guide B．leader
C．assistant D．teacher
D 解析：根据后文的taught me可知，作者学习冲浪时有“老师”教他。
11.A.board B．boat
C．shoes D．feet
A 解析：根据语境可知，冲浪需要带上“冲浪板”。
12．A.look for B．get to
C．wait for D．depend on
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者的老师让他“等待”浪潮出现。
13．A.come B．stop
C．leave D．disappear
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者只能为即将“到来”的浪潮做好准备。
14．A.familiar B．exciting
C．comfortable D．important
B 解析：根据后文的it seemed that everything was unknown可知，等浪的时候，似乎一切都是未知的，所以这是冲浪过程中最“刺激的”一部分。
15．A.pull B．press
C．attract D．carry
D 解析：根据上文的I felt the wave passing under my feet可知，作者感觉到浪潮从他脚下穿过，“承载着”他和他的冲浪板冲向海岸。
16．A.happy B．ready
C．afraid D．calm
B 解析：根据后文的“Now up！Up！”可知，作者的老师是在问作者“准备”好了吗，要上升了。
17．A.walk B．climb
C．fall D．swim
C 解析：根据上文的I misplaced my feet, lost the balance可知，有时作者脚放错了位置，失去平衡，就会“跌进”海浪中。
18．A.Therefore B．Instead
C．Anyhow D．Otherwise
C 解析：根据后文的that moment of standing on the plastic board...is the best memory可知，“不管怎样”，站在冲浪板上那一瞬间是最美好的记忆。
19．A.fresh B．salty
C．freezing D．strange
A 解析：根据the best memory可知，作者是说享受着“清爽的”海风。
20. A．pain B．joy
C．interest D．worry
D 解析：根据scare及后文的I can surf at last.可知，作者几天之后终于学会了冲浪，害怕与“忧虑”一扫而光。
课件58张PPT。Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern heroescapebegrelativerewardsentencepresidentopinioneducateterrorcrueltybeg引用语；语录释放；发行毛毯；毯子lose heartbe in prisoncome to powerset upbe sentenced toin one’s opinionstop... from doing...the first timewhenthey did pass their examsthe first timewe should have been asleeploses heartheart and soulfrompunishment/being punishedcame to powerhas been in powerto be givento persuadebe rewardedinin reward forAs a reward forrewarded him withto dodownreadingupwas sentenced to two years in prisonshould have spentdo hopeEvery timeIt is the first time that按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
品句填词
1．Michael’s parents sat in his dormitory and cried sadly, begging him not to drop out of school.
2．I remember crying for her as I thought about the cruelty(残酷) and coldness that had led to her death.
3．Lots of things, including clothes and blankets,have been sent to the town hit by the earthquake.
4．Tony is a(n) educated child and always polite to others.
5．When she suddenly heard someone crying outside, she turned white in terror．
6．The police offered a(n) reward(奖金) for any information about the robbery.
7．He was released(释放) from prison after serving his sentence.
8．His brother was sentenced(判) to five years in prison for attacking others.
9．When the earthquake happened, the teacher chose to protect her students instead of escaping(逃跑) first.
10．When Hitler came to power(权力), Einstein had to leave his motherland.
11．Some students are not willing to share their opinions(看法) with others.
12．One of my relatives(亲戚) works in an insurance company and she has persuaded me to buy fire insurance for my apartment.
选词填空
as a matter of fact; be sentenced to; in trouble; turn to; out of work; lose heart; blow up; come to power
1．James failed to start a business, but he didn’t lose heart and tried a second time.
2．People have lived a peaceful life since the new political party came to power．
3．The thief was sentenced to two years in prison because he stole the things in a shop when he was out of work.
4．When in trouble, they had to beg for food from their relatives or friends.
5．He refused my request without a second thought when I turned to him for help.
6．Mr Green became out of work because his factory was closed down several days ago.
7．The soldiers blew up the bridge just as the train was about to come.
8．Many people think it good to buy a gift.As a matter of fact, your gift will be more meaningful if you make it yourself.
完成句子
1．面对学校暴力问题，我不会以暴制暴，反而会从老师和家长那里寻求帮助。
In the face of violence at school, I will not answer violence with violence．Instead, I will turn to my teachers and parents for help.
2．到那时埃里克才懂得生活没那么容易。
Only then did Eric understand that life was not so easy.
3．亨利大学一毕业就在伦敦成立了自己的公司。
As soon as Henry graduated from university, he set up his own company in London.
4．过去十年我们国家已经在很多领域发生了巨大的变化。
The last ten years have seen great changes in many fields in our country.
5．既然咱家离电影院只有一英里路，我们可以走着去那。
Since our home is only one mile away from the cinema, we can walk there.
6．他本来应该早上九点到达火车站。
He should have arrived at the railway station at 9 in the morning.
单句语法填空
1．Now many people move into cities in order to have their children receive better education (educate)．
2．There is no way to escape doing(do) the work.
3．She immediately started ringing round her friends and relatives(relative)．
4．People still have different opinions(opinion) on whether students can bring cell phones to school.
5．His father was sentenced(sentence) to five years in prison for stealing.
6．The first time I visited(visit) that land, I decided to settle there.
7．It is the fifth time that the students in Trinity College have visited(visit) our school.
8．Though he has met with many difficulties over the past two years, he is still hopeful(hope)．
9．When a person is in trouble, talking with others often helps him feel better.
10．The baby has reached the stage where he can stand up.
阅读理解
In the state of Maryland, a girl was born into slavery in 1820.Her parents named her Araminta Harriet Ross.She was to become Harriet Tubman.She was one of about one million Africans in slavery in the United States.
From the age of five, Harriet Tubman’s owners made her work very hard.First, she cared for the child of the farm owner.Then, she did hard work on large farms.
Although she could not read or write, Tubman learned from her parents to do what was right.Through her whole life, Tubman put herself in danger to help other people.
One such act changed her life when she was 13 years old.Because she helped another slave, her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head.She was badly hurt.For the rest of her life, Tubman’s head wound caused problems for her.
When she was about 25 years old, Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman.But she was still a slave.Her life was so difficult that she decided to escape.She travelled for 145 kilometres, and finally crossed into the North.Tubman became a free woman.
But Tubman could not leave her family enslaved in the South.So she travelled back to help them escape as well.Then, she made many trips and guided about 300 slaves to freedom.Tubman also fought bravely in the American Civil War and in 1865 slavery was not allowed in the U．S.
Harriet Tubman died in 1913.Her memory brings hope to many people—especially to those who fight for justice (正义)．She encouraged people to never give up.
“If you want a taste of freedom, keep going.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国杰出的黑人废奴主义运动家哈莉特·塔布曼。
1．What do we know about Harriet Tubman?
A．She was born a slave.
B．She was born in Africa.
C．She was taken to the U．S. by a slave trader.
D．She was sold to a farm owner when she was born.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的a girl was born into slavery可知，Harriet Tubman出生于奴隶家庭，也就意味着她一出生就是奴隶。
2．When she was 13 years old, Tubman ________．
A．planned to run away
B．helped a slave escape
C．fought bravely against her owner
D．was seriously wounded in her head
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的when she was 13 years old和her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head.She was badly hurt.可知，Tubman在13岁的时候，头部受到重创。
3．We can infer from the text that Tubman was ________．
A．honest and friendly
B．strong and helpful
C．lucky and careful
D．clever and polite
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文中对Tubman事迹的描述可知，作为奴隶的她受到非人的折磨，但她却凭借自己顽强的意志成功摆脱奴隶的身份，并且多次帮助其他奴隶获取自由。由此可知，B项准确概括了Tubman的品质。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Africans’ Fight for Freedom
B．Harriet Tubman：From Slave to Hero
C．The History of Slavery in the United States
D．The American Civil War：The North Against the South
B 解析：标题归纳题。Harriet Tubman出身奴隶，但她渴望自由，最终逃到美国北方，获取新生。不仅如此，她还帮助无数黑奴奔向自由，成为了一名英雄。故B项作标题贴切。
七选五
Wilma is a woman from Texas, the USA.She can’t give a good reason why she started smoking cigarettes.Her sister Mary smoked, and when Wilma was young, she stole cigarettes from her sister.1.________In her mid-forties, Wilma decided to stop smoking.
“2.________It was terrible! I realized I had to quit smoking as soon as possible，” she says.In 2017, she got advice from her doctor and used some medicine to help.She also got support from an online organization. She threw out her lighters and started exercising more.
Today, at the age of 49, she enjoys many healthy activities in her life. It’s a lifestyle she never dreamed of as a smoker. 3.________ She also eats healthier foods than she did when she smoked.
“Once you quit, it opens up so many possibilities that you don’t see when you are caught up in the addiction，” Wilma says. “I’ll also admit that as a woman, hoping to look beautiful was part of my reasons to quit, too. 4.________ Of course，smoking just wasn’t going to help me.”
Wilma hopes her story can encourage others to quit smoking.“I want to be an inspiration for others to quit smoking, even if it’s just one person，” she says.“5.________”
A．It’s your health that matters.
B．She practises yoga every day.
C．She felt she had no choice but to quit her job.
D．I want to look as young, healthy, and pretty as I can.
E．I was suffering from some serious health problems.
F．Everyone deserves to work in a smoke-free workplace.
G．This developed into an addiction that lasted 30 years.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位美国妇女戒烟的故事。
1．G 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。This指的是上文中提到的she stole cigarettes from her sister。
2．E 解析：此空设于段首，引出下文。开头提出她的身体状况出现问题了，很严重，所以她才意识到要尽快戒烟。在此过程中，她得到了医生的建议和一个线上组织的支持，扔掉了打火机，开始更多地锻炼。
3．B 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在逻辑上的解释关系。前一句说她过上了她之前从来没有想过的生活，此句和后一句都是对前一句提到的那种生活的具体陈述。
4．D 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。前一句提到作为一位女性，希望能看起来漂亮是她戒烟的一部分原因，此空接着说她想要尽可能地看起来年轻、健康、漂亮，后一句指出，吸烟是不可能帮助她做到这些的。
5．A 解析：此空设于段尾，对本段进行总结。前面提到她希望她的故事可以鼓励其他人戒烟，最后一句总结，毕竟健康是最重要的。
完形填空
Surfing is a stressful and exciting sport.It seems easy to learn at first sight, __1__ it’s a lot harder to actually learn it and __2__ . Not only does the art of surfing require __3__， but it also requires strength.
From my __4__ , I found that surfing was kind of like __5__ a bike. When I was young, I was such a(n) __6__ kid that my parents wanted to reduce my energy by this sport. After countless failures, which __7__ falling flat on my face many times, and weeks of __8__ , I finally became a bike master.
The first time I __9__ how to surf, a thin British worked as my __10__. The Brit, I called him, brought me out into the sea with my __11__ and taught me how to force myself onto a moving plastic board. Then he told me to __12__ the perfect wave to ride into shore. Facing shore, I could only prepare for what is to __13__ . This moment was the most __14__ part of surfing because it seemed that everything was unknown. Then I felt the wave passing under my feet until it came to __15__ me and my board so delicately(优美地) to shore. The Brit still had to guide me, however.“Are you __16__ ？” he shouted to me when the wave was coming.“ Now up! Up！”
Sometimes, I misplaced my feet, lost the balance and would __17__ straight into the rushing wave. __18__， that moment of standing on the plastic board and enjoying the __19__ sea wind is the best memory. After a few days, the scare and __20__ disappear. I can surf at last.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己学习冲浪的经历。
1．A.or B．but
C．and D．because
B 解析：根据上文的It seems easy to learn at first sight及后文的it’s a lot harder to actually learn it可知，作者是说，乍一看，冲浪很容易学，“但”实际上它很难。前后是转折关系。
2．A.play B．review
C．check D．succeed
D 解析：根据语境可知，这里是说学习冲浪并且“成功”是很难的。
3．A.balance B．advice
C．equipment D．permission
A 解析：根据语境可知，冲浪是一门艺术，它不仅需要“平衡”，而且需要力气。
4．A.experiment B．achievement
C．experience D．guidance
C 解析：根据后文内容可知，作者是根据自己的 “经历”做出的判断。
5．A.pushing B．repairing
C．advertising D．riding
D 解析：根据后文的I finally became a bike master可知，作者觉得冲浪有点像“骑”自行车。
6．A.outgoing B．energetic
C．excellent D．confident
B 解析：根据后文的my parents wanted to reduce my energy可知，作者小时候是个“精力旺盛的”孩子。
7．A.resulted in B．aimed at
C．escaped from D．dealt with
A 解析：根据上文的After countless failures可知，作者学骑自行车时经历了无数次失败，“导致”很多次都摔趴在地上。
8.A.break B．practice
C．examination D．preparation
B 解析：根据后文的I finally became a bike master可知，作者应该是经过好几周的“练习”，终于熟练掌握了骑自行车的技术。
9.A.watched B．taught
C．learned D．remembered
C 解析：根据语境可知，这里是指作者“学习”冲浪的时候。
10.A.guide B．leader
C．assistant D．teacher
D 解析：根据后文的taught me可知，作者学习冲浪时有“老师”教他。
11.A.board B．boat
C．shoes D．feet
A 解析：根据语境可知，冲浪需要带上“冲浪板”。
12．A.look for B．get to
C．wait for D．depend on
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者的老师让他“等待”浪潮出现。
13．A.come B．stop
C．leave D．disappear
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者只能为即将“到来”的浪潮做好准备。
14．A.familiar B．exciting
C．comfortable D．important
B 解析：根据后文的it seemed that everything was unknown可知，等浪的时候，似乎一切都是未知的，所以这是冲浪过程中最“刺激的”一部分。
15．A.pull B．press
C．attract D．carry
D 解析：根据上文的I felt the wave passing under my feet可知，作者感觉到浪潮从他脚下穿过，“承载着”他和他的冲浪板冲向海岸。
16．A.happy B．ready
C．afraid D．calm
B 解析：根据后文的“Now up！Up！”可知，作者的老师是在问作者“准备”好了吗，要上升了。
17．A.walk B．climb
C．fall D．swim
C 解析：根据上文的I misplaced my feet, lost the balance可知，有时作者脚放错了位置，失去平衡，就会“跌进”海浪中。
18．A.Therefore B．Instead
C．Anyhow D．Otherwise
C 解析：根据后文的that moment of standing on the plastic board...is the best memory可知，“不管怎样”，站在冲浪板上那一瞬间是最美好的记忆。
19．A.fresh B．salty
C．freezing D．strange
A 解析：根据the best memory可知，作者是说享受着“清爽的”海风。
20. A．pain B．joy
C．interest D．worry
D 解析：根据scare及后文的I can surf at last.可知，作者几天之后终于学会了冲浪，害怕与“忧虑”一扫而光。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
定语从句(Ⅱ)
1．(教材P34)The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
2．(教材P34)It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
3．(教材P34)He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
4．(教材P34)However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
5．(教材P34)The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
6．(教材P34)...until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
7．(教材P34)The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.
8．(教材P34)...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词
先行词
功能
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why
reason
原因状语
1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。
◆I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane. 我仍然记得我第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
◆We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing. 我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。
◆I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine. 我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
◆The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。
◆I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
◆Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party?
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。试比较：
◆Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night？ 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
◆Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm？ 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)
◆The reason why/for which you failed was that you had not followed your mother’s advice.
你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的忠告。(定语从句中缺少状语，所以用why或for which, why作原因状语)
◆I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你给我们提供的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用that/which，不用why)
【即时演练1】——对比填空：that, which, when, where, why
①I will never forget the days that/which we spent together.
②I will never forget the days when we stayed together.
③The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was not sound.
④The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.
⑤Keep the book in a place where you can find it easily.
⑥This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
选用介词的依据：
1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
◆Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. 昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be famous for因……而出名)
2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。
◆This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera用照相机)
◆The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist. 刚才和你们说话的老太太是一个著名的艺术家。(talk with sb.和某人谈话)
3．根据句子的意思来选择。
◆My computer, without which I can’t surf the Internet，broke down yesterday.
昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。
4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
◆I have ten books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.
我有10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。
◆The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.
这位老人有两个儿子，他们都是律师。
在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
◆The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
◆The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
【即时演练2】——关系词或介词填空
①Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series.
②The girl to whom you spoke just now is our English teacher.
③The day will come on which we will win the final victory.
④The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of our company.
⑤The death of his son was an experience from which he never fully recovered.
单句语法填空
1．I will never forget the days when we stayed in Australia.
2．We visited the house where the famous scientist once lived.
3．The reason why John changed his mind is not clear.
4．The child who/whom/that the nurses are looking after is very well now.
5．I miss the apartment where I used to live.
6．It was a period when they met very frequently.
7．When I arrived, my friend took me to see the house where I would be staying.
8．We have come to a point where everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement.
9．Bob is now in a position where he has no more money to pay his rent.
10．One of the reasons why he was refused in the interview was that his spoken English was terrible.
11．The reason why he gave up his well-paid job isn’t known to us.
12．I’ll never forget the time that/which we spent together in the army camp.
13．I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
14．Miss Liu is an excellent teacher from whom I have learned a lot.
15．The Smiths have two children, both of whom work in New York.
单句改错
1．We took many photos in the shop where we were interested in for a long time.where→which/that
2.Jack is the only classmate to that I am very close.that→whom
3．Why did you put yourself in a position which you had no rights at all？which→where或在which前加in
4.I’m not interested in the subject on that they are doing a research now.that→which
5．I want to have a friend with which I can share my joy and sadness.which→whom
6．Do you still remember the days when we spent together on the farm？去掉when或when→that/which
7．I don’t know the reason which he left the company without saying a word.which→why或在which前加for
8．No one believed the reason why Tom had given this morning.去掉why或在why→that/which
9．I will always remember the teacher about whom I learned the importance of communication. about→from
10．The bookstore which I bought my first dictionary has become a restaurant now.which→where或在which前加in
语法与写作
将下列句子合并升级为定语从句。
1．The university is big and beautiful. My brother studies in the university.
The university where/in which my brother studies is big and beautiful．
2．The party turned out to be quite successful. We sang the beautiful song Forever Young at the party.
The party where/at which we sang the beautiful song Forever Young turned out to be quite successful.
3．Do you know the lady? Our English teacher is taking a photo of her.
Do you know the lady whom our English teacher is taking a photo of?
4．Rose knew the year. The Red Cross was founded in the year.
Rose knew the year when/in which the Red Cross was founded.
5．Paul looked so excited today. His friend didn’t know the real reason.
Paul’s friend didn’t know the real reason why/for which he looked so excited today.
6．We paid a visit to that coffee shop last summer. A writer wrote his famous book in the coffee shop.
Last summer we paid a visit to the coffee shop where/in which a writer wrote his famous book.
7．We’ll go to hear the famous singer. We often talked about the famous singer.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer whom we often talked about．
8．She has three sons. All of her sons are abroad now.
She has three sons, all of whom are abroad now.
9．There are sixty students in our class. Thirty of the students in our class are boys.
There are sixty students in our class, thirty of whom are boys.
10．He wrote many children’s books. Nearly half of the children’s books were published in the 1990s.
He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
单句语法填空
1．I’ll never forget the day when I joined the football club.
2．Xi’an is the place where I was born.
3．He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so sad.
4．Do you still remember the day when we met on the train for the first time?
5．We visited the hospital where I was born thirty years ago.
6．The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year has risen to one million.
7．They have reached the stage where they are going to get married.
8．The car whose window got broken in the accident belongs to Mr Brown.
9．This is the primary school where both my brother and I stayed for six years.
10．We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
阅读理解
A
Clara Barton, born on Christmas in 1821, is widely known as one of the most honoured women in American history. She began teaching school when most teachers were men at that time. Later, she became one of the first women ever to be employed(雇用) by the government.
Her career in helping the sick began when her brother David became her first patient. He fell down from the roof of a house when Clara was just 11 years old. She stayed by his side and looked after him for three years, learning how to give him all his medicines.
When the Civil War began in 1861, she immediately recognised that the poorly equipped soldiers needed help. Instead of waiting for others to step in, Clara collected necessary things on her own, asked the public for donations and learnt how to store and distribute them to soldiers. She also read to the soldiers and wrote letters for them.
After the Battle of Cedar Mountain in northern Virginia in 1862, Clara arrived at a field hospital at midnight with a vehicle full of supplies. A doctor named Paul Smith at that hospital would later write, “I thought heaven had sent out an angel that night—her assistance arrived at exactly the right time.”
In 1869, Clara went to Europe and learnt about the International Committee of the Red Cross. Upon her return to the United States, she successfully founded the American Red Cross. She led the organisation for the next 23 years. Her last field mission(使命) as leader of the American Red Cross was to help the victims of the 1900 Galveston hurricane. She did not retire from the American Red Cross until she was 83. True to her nature, Clara always went to where the need was the greatest.
Today, the American Red Cross continues the mission Clara started more than 100 years ago. With the help of thousands of volunteers, the American Red Cross provides relief to victims of disasters, as well as helps people prevent, prepare for and respond to all sorts of emergencies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了美国伟大的女性克拉拉·巴顿以及她对社会的贡献。
1．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that Clara Barton was ________．
A．honest B．caring
C．talented D．modest
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的She stayed by his side and looked after him for three years, learning how to give him all his medicines.可知，克拉拉·巴顿是体贴关心他人的。故选B项。
2．After the Civil War broke out, Clara Barton________.
A．joined the army and fought bravely
B．went to Europe for further study
C．continued to work as a teacher
D．did a lot to help soldiers
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Instead of waiting for others to step in, Clara collected necessary things on her own, asked the public for donations and learnt how to store and distribute them to soldiers. She also read to the soldiers and wrote letters for them.可知，内战爆发后，克拉拉·巴顿做了很多事情帮助士兵。故选D项。
3．Seeing Clara Barton’s arrival, Dr Smith must have felt ________．
A．excited and grateful
B．proud and joyful
C．shy and nervous
D．sad and sorry
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“I thought heaven had sent out an angel that night—her assistance arrived at exactly the right time.”可知，史密斯医生看见克拉拉·巴顿的到来一定是既兴奋又感激。故选A项。
4．What is mainly described in Paragraph 5 ?
A．The aim of the American Red Cross.
B．The importance of voluntary donations.
C．Clara Barton and the American Red Cross.
D．Clara Barton’s contributions to the Civil War.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据文章第五段中的Upon her return to the United States, she successfully founded the American Red Cross.可知，本段主要介绍了克拉拉·巴顿和美国红十字会。故选C项。
B
She was born to wealth and power in a time when money and politics were left to the men.Later，as the publisher of The Washington Post(华盛顿邮报), Katharine Graham became one of America’s most powerful women.
Katharine loved journalism and got a job after college at The Washington Post, the newspaper her father bought in 1933.At the Post, Katharine met Phil Graham, a lawyer who became her husband.Then, in 1945, Katharine’s father chose Phil to take over his paper.Katharine didn’t object(反对) and stayed at home as a wife and mother.
While Phil succeeded in his career, he also suffered from severe depression.When Phil committed suicide(自杀), the 46-year-old Katharine found herself thrown into a new job, that of newspaper publisher. But determined to save the family paper for her children, Katharine met the challenge of running the Post, working endlessly to prove herself to her critics(批评家), and becoming the very famous woman of Washington.
In 1971, Katharine ordered the Post to print a copy of the Pentagon Papers(五角大楼文件), the top-secret papers revealing the truth about the Vietnam War. What’s more，her brave decision and support for her journalists prepared the Post to break the most important political story in modern history: Watergate(水门事件)．Katharine managed to control the most disordered situations when it was reported, all the time insisting the news stories be true and fair. Watergate made The Washington Post an internationally famous paper and Katharine was considered as the most powerful woman in America.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇人物介绍，讲述了Katharine Graham如何从一名家庭主妇成为一名成功的报纸出版商的故事。
5．Katharine Graham was born in a time when women were not supposed to ________．
A．achieve their goals
B．have their own jobs
C．get a good education
D．enter business and politics
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在当时，女性被认为不应该进入商业和政治领域。
6．When her husband was chosen to take over the Post，Katharine Graham ________．
A．was willing to take her share of duty
B．didn’t believe he would do a good job
C．was strongly against the decision
D．was not happy
A 解析：细节理解题。 由第二段最后一句可知，当丈夫被选为《华盛顿邮报》的接班人时，Katharine没有反对，并在家里当起了贤妻良母，即承担起自己的那部分责任。
7．Which of the following statements about Katharine Graham is TRUE?
A．She was successful in her career but suffered from severe depression.
B．When she took over the Post，the critics doubted her ability.
C．It was her husband who made the greatest contributions to the Post.
D．She was powerful in her early life because of her background.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第三段最后一句中的“working endlessly to prove herself to her critics(批评家)”可知，Katharine努力工作向她的批评者们证明自己，故可推知，当时批评家们怀疑她的能力。
8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Ups and Downs of The Washington Post
B．Katharine Graham: From Housewife to Successful Publisher
C．Katharine Graham’s Family Life and Career
D．Katharine Graham: A Successful Woman
B 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Katharine Graham如何从一名家庭主妇成为一名成功的报纸出版商的故事，故B项为最佳答案。
语法填空
I am working in a small company. A few 1.____________(week) ago, a girl who worked as 2.____________ secretary in our company was diagnosed(诊断) with brain cancer. All of the employees in our company helped to raise money for her.
She is from a 3.____________(relative) poor family and she lost her father when she was 15 years old. Now, she is a single parent with a 3-year-old daughter and there is no one to look after her kid. Her monthly income is only $200 4.____________it is very difficult for her family 5.____________(bear) the expenses of her treatment.
When we knew about her situation, we wanted to help her, so we 6.____________(report) her problem to the top level management and our HR Department.7.____________fact, we were willing to give some of our salaries(薪水) to her. So far, we 8.____________(raise) about $1, 333 for her post-operative care expenses.
Now she is back from the hospital and is getting better day by day. Yesterday we went to meet her at her house. She was very 9.____________(thank) to all the people who had helped her with her medical 10.____________(treat) generously.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了作者公司的一位同事得了癌症，公司员工为其捐款，其病得以好转的故事。
1．weeks 解析：考查名词复数。a few后面接可数名词复数形式，所以填weeks。
2．a 解析：考查冠词。此处指“一个”，且secretary以辅音音素开头，所以填不定冠词a。
3．relatively 解析：考查副词。此处用副词修饰形容词poor，句意为“她来自一个相对贫穷的家庭”。所以填relatively。
4．so 解析：考查连词。空格前后存在逻辑上的因果关系，所以填连词so。
5．to bear 解析：考查非谓语动词。此句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
6．reported 解析：考查动词时态。根据语境可知，事情发生在过去，所以填reported。
7．In 解析：考查介词。in fact是固定搭配，表示“事实上”。
8．have raised 解析：考查动词时态。根据so far可知，此处用现在完成时，所以填have raised。
9．thankful 解析：考查形容词。根据空格前面的very可知，此处填thank的形容词形式。
10．treatment 解析：考查名词。根据空格前的形容词medical可知，此处应用名词，所以填treatment。
短文改错
I consider my parents as most important people in my life. This is not because they’re wealth or famous. Actually, what touches me most is that they are always trying to take good care about me.
Although my parents work hard every day, but they’re always there for me. Whenever I get into trouble and bad need a hand, they come over first to encouraging me. I get a lot of support from my parent and I’ll never forget their care and love. Gratefulness bring great fullness to my life, and I wish he could always be happy and healthy. It is high time that we expressing our gratitude to people we love!
答案：
I consider my parents as most important people in my life. This is not because they’re or famous. Actually, what touches me most is that they are always trying to take good care me.
Although my parents work hard every day, they’re always there for me. Whenever I get into trouble and need a hand, they come over first to me. I get a lot of support from my and I’ll never forget their care and love. Gratefulness great fullness to my life, and I wish could always be happy and healthy. It is high time that we our gratitude to people we love!
课件27张PPT。Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern herowhenwhomwhichwhenwhenwherewherewhich关系副词引导的定语从句that/whichwhenthat/whichwhywherewhich/that“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句whichwhomonwithfromwhenwherewhywho/whom/thatwherewhenwherewherewherewhywhythat/whichwhenwhomwhomwhere→which/thatthat→whomwhich→where或在which前加inthat→whichwhich→whom去掉when或when→that/whichwhich→why或在which前加for去掉why或在why→that/whichabout→fromwhich→where或在which前加inwhom we often talked aboutall of whomthirty of whomhalf of which按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
单句语法填空
1．I’ll never forget the day when I joined the football club.
2．Xi’an is the place where I was born.
3．He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so sad.
4．Do you still remember the day when we met on the train for the first time?
5．We visited the hospital where I was born thirty years ago.
6．The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year has risen to one million.
7．They have reached the stage where they are going to get married.
8．The car whose window got broken in the accident belongs to Mr Brown.
9．This is the primary school where both my brother and I stayed for six years.
10．We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
阅读理解
A
Clara Barton, born on Christmas in 1821, is widely known as one of the most honoured women in American history. She began teaching school when most teachers were men at that time. Later, she became one of the first women ever to be employed(雇用) by the government.
Her career in helping the sick began when her brother David became her first patient. He fell down from the roof of a house when Clara was just 11 years old. She stayed by his side and looked after him for three years, learning how to give him all his medicines.
When the Civil War began in 1861, she immediately recognised that the poorly equipped soldiers needed help. Instead of waiting for others to step in, Clara collected necessary things on her own, asked the public for donations and learnt how to store and distribute them to soldiers. She also read to the soldiers and wrote letters for them.
After the Battle of Cedar Mountain in northern Virginia in 1862, Clara arrived at a field hospital at midnight with a vehicle full of supplies. A doctor named Paul Smith at that hospital would later write, “I thought heaven had sent out an angel that night—her assistance arrived at exactly the right time.”
In 1869, Clara went to Europe and learnt about the International Committee of the Red Cross. Upon her return to the United States, she successfully founded the American Red Cross. She led the organisation for the next 23 years. Her last field mission(使命) as leader of the American Red Cross was to help the victims of the 1900 Galveston hurricane. She did not retire from the American Red Cross until she was 83. True to her nature, Clara always went to where the need was the greatest.
Today, the American Red Cross continues the mission Clara started more than 100 years ago. With the help of thousands of volunteers, the American Red Cross provides relief to victims of disasters, as well as helps people prevent, prepare for and respond to all sorts of emergencies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了美国伟大的女性克拉拉·巴顿以及她对社会的贡献。
1．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that Clara Barton was ________．
A．honest B．caring
C．talented D．modest
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的She stayed by his side and looked after him for three years, learning how to give him all his medicines.可知，克拉拉·巴顿是体贴关心他人的。故选B项。
2．After the Civil War broke out, Clara Barton________.
A．joined the army and fought bravely
B．went to Europe for further study
C．continued to work as a teacher
D．did a lot to help soldiers
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Instead of waiting for others to step in, Clara collected necessary things on her own, asked the public for donations and learnt how to store and distribute them to soldiers. She also read to the soldiers and wrote letters for them.可知，内战爆发后，克拉拉·巴顿做了很多事情帮助士兵。故选D项。
3．Seeing Clara Barton’s arrival, Dr Smith must have felt ________．
A．excited and grateful
B．proud and joyful
C．shy and nervous
D．sad and sorry
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“I thought heaven had sent out an angel that night—her assistance arrived at exactly the right time.”可知，史密斯医生看见克拉拉·巴顿的到来一定是既兴奋又感激。故选A项。
4．What is mainly described in Paragraph 5 ?
A．The aim of the American Red Cross.
B．The importance of voluntary donations.
C．Clara Barton and the American Red Cross.
D．Clara Barton’s contributions to the Civil War.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据文章第五段中的Upon her return to the United States, she successfully founded the American Red Cross.可知，本段主要介绍了克拉拉·巴顿和美国红十字会。故选C项。
B
She was born to wealth and power in a time when money and politics were left to the men.Later，as the publisher of The Washington Post(华盛顿邮报), Katharine Graham became one of America’s most powerful women.
Katharine loved journalism and got a job after college at The Washington Post, the newspaper her father bought in 1933.At the Post, Katharine met Phil Graham, a lawyer who became her husband.Then, in 1945, Katharine’s father chose Phil to take over his paper.Katharine didn’t object(反对) and stayed at home as a wife and mother.
While Phil succeeded in his career, he also suffered from severe depression.When Phil committed suicide(自杀), the 46-year-old Katharine found herself thrown into a new job, that of newspaper publisher. But determined to save the family paper for her children, Katharine met the challenge of running the Post, working endlessly to prove herself to her critics(批评家), and becoming the very famous woman of Washington.
In 1971, Katharine ordered the Post to print a copy of the Pentagon Papers(五角大楼文件), the top-secret papers revealing the truth about the Vietnam War. What’s more，her brave decision and support for her journalists prepared the Post to break the most important political story in modern history: Watergate(水门事件)．Katharine managed to control the most disordered situations when it was reported, all the time insisting the news stories be true and fair. Watergate made The Washington Post an internationally famous paper and Katharine was considered as the most powerful woman in America.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇人物介绍，讲述了Katharine Graham如何从一名家庭主妇成为一名成功的报纸出版商的故事。
5．Katharine Graham was born in a time when women were not supposed to ________．
A．achieve their goals
B．have their own jobs
C．get a good education
D．enter business and politics
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在当时，女性被认为不应该进入商业和政治领域。
6．When her husband was chosen to take over the Post，Katharine Graham ________．
A．was willing to take her share of duty
B．didn’t believe he would do a good job
C．was strongly against the decision
D．was not happy
A 解析：细节理解题。 由第二段最后一句可知，当丈夫被选为《华盛顿邮报》的接班人时，Katharine没有反对，并在家里当起了贤妻良母，即承担起自己的那部分责任。
7．Which of the following statements about Katharine Graham is TRUE?
A．She was successful in her career but suffered from severe depression.
B．When she took over the Post，the critics doubted her ability.
C．It was her husband who made the greatest contributions to the Post.
D．She was powerful in her early life because of her background.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第三段最后一句中的“working endlessly to prove herself to her critics(批评家)”可知，Katharine努力工作向她的批评者们证明自己，故可推知，当时批评家们怀疑她的能力。
8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Ups and Downs of The Washington Post
B．Katharine Graham: From Housewife to Successful Publisher
C．Katharine Graham’s Family Life and Career
D．Katharine Graham: A Successful Woman
B 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Katharine Graham如何从一名家庭主妇成为一名成功的报纸出版商的故事，故B项为最佳答案。
语法填空
I am working in a small company. A few 1.____________(week) ago, a girl who worked as 2.____________ secretary in our company was diagnosed(诊断) with brain cancer. All of the employees in our company helped to raise money for her.
She is from a 3.____________(relative) poor family and she lost her father when she was 15 years old. Now, she is a single parent with a 3-year-old daughter and there is no one to look after her kid. Her monthly income is only $200 4.____________it is very difficult for her family 5.____________(bear) the expenses of her treatment.
When we knew about her situation, we wanted to help her, so we 6.____________(report) her problem to the top level management and our HR Department.7.____________fact, we were willing to give some of our salaries(薪水) to her. So far, we 8.____________(raise) about $1, 333 for her post-operative care expenses.
Now she is back from the hospital and is getting better day by day. Yesterday we went to meet her at her house. She was very 9.____________(thank) to all the people who had helped her with her medical 10.____________(treat) generously.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了作者公司的一位同事得了癌症，公司员工为其捐款，其病得以好转的故事。
1．weeks 解析：考查名词复数。a few后面接可数名词复数形式，所以填weeks。
2．a 解析：考查冠词。此处指“一个”，且secretary以辅音音素开头，所以填不定冠词a。
3．relatively 解析：考查副词。此处用副词修饰形容词poor，句意为“她来自一个相对贫穷的家庭”。所以填relatively。
4．so 解析：考查连词。空格前后存在逻辑上的因果关系，所以填连词so。
5．to bear 解析：考查非谓语动词。此句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
6．reported 解析：考查动词时态。根据语境可知，事情发生在过去，所以填reported。
7．In 解析：考查介词。in fact是固定搭配，表示“事实上”。
8．have raised 解析：考查动词时态。根据so far可知，此处用现在完成时，所以填have raised。
9．thankful 解析：考查形容词。根据空格前面的very可知，此处填thank的形容词形式。
10．treatment 解析：考查名词。根据空格前的形容词medical可知，此处应用名词，所以填treatment。
短文改错
I consider my parents as most important people in my life. This is not because they’re wealth or famous. Actually, what touches me most is that they are always trying to take good care about me.
Although my parents work hard every day, but they’re always there for me. Whenever I get into trouble and bad need a hand, they come over first to encouraging me. I get a lot of support from my parent and I’ll never forget their care and love. Gratefulness bring great fullness to my life, and I wish he could always be happy and healthy. It is high time that we expressing our gratitude to people we love!
答案：
I consider my parents as most important people in my life. This is not because they’re or famous. Actually, what touches me most is that they are always trying to take good care me.
Although my parents work hard every day, they’re always there for me. Whenever I get into trouble and need a hand, they come over first to me. I get a lot of support from my and I’ll never forget their care and love. Gratefulness great fullness to my life, and I wish could always be happy and healthy. It is high time that we our gratitude to people we love!
Section Ⅴ Writing
描写人物
文体感知
人物简介主要是简单介绍某人的生平，从外貌到性格，从事迹到品质来进行描述。写作过程中要理清人物的基本信息、重要事迹、对社会的贡献或影响以及作者对人物的评价。要明确文章结构：开头部分陈述人物出生的时间、地点和家庭背景；第二部分列举人物的生平、主要经历、事迹或成就；第三部分描述人们的评价或表达自己的感受。
增分佳句
①He/She was one of the greatest scientists/musicians in the 20th century, who was such a learned/strong-willed person that we all admire him/her very much.
他/她是二十世纪一位伟大的医药学家/音乐家，是一位我们都非常钦佩的博学的/有坚强意志的人。
②Born in 1911, he/she studied at a local high school and graduated from Beijing University.
出生于1911年，他/她在一所当地的高中上学，并毕业于北京大学。
③He achieved great success in literature, which enabled him to win the Nobel Prize.
他在文学方面取得了巨大的成就，使他获得了诺贝尔奖。
④She/He made great contributions to the whole world. So she/he was thought highly of by many people.
她/他对整个世界做出了巨大的贡献。因此人们对她/他评价很高。
写作模板
Born in _______(地点) in_______(时间)，_______(人名) is a well-known scientist/musician. ________(人名) studied at a local high school and graduated from _______(大学). __________ devoted all her/his life to ________. __________ made great contributions to the whole world/country. ________ is thought highly of by ________．
写作要求
请根据以下内容写一篇100词左右的文章介绍美国著名歌手、音乐家、诗人鲍勃·迪伦。
姓名
鲍勃·迪伦(Bob Dylan)
出生地
美国
出生日期
1941年
音乐风格
遵守美国音乐的传统
经历
少年时期展示出音乐天赋；
在高中时就组建了自己的乐队；
在读大学期间，对民谣产生兴趣；
1961年，鲍勃·迪伦开始致力于音乐
成就
2016年，鲍勃·迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖
评价
作品充满创造力；为美国以及世界的文化做出了巨大的贡献
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．遵守 observe/follow
2．展示某人在某方面的天赋 show one’s great talent in
3．建立 set up
4．对……感兴趣 show great interest in
5．致力于 devote oneself to
6．做贡献 make contributions to
遣词造句
1. 完成句子
①鲍勃·迪伦在1941年出生于美国，是美国著名的歌手、音乐家、诗人。
Bob Dylan was born in America in 1941 and he is a famous singer, musician and poet in America.
②他在上高中时就建立了自己的乐队。
When he was in high school, he set up a band of his own．
③他去上大学，并对民谣产生了兴趣。
He went to college and then he showed great interest in folk music.
2．句式升级
④用非谓语动词作状语改写句①
Born in America in 1941, Bob Dylan is a famous singer, musician and poet in America.
⑤用强调句式强调状语从句改写句②
It was when he was in high school that he set up a band of his own.
妙笔成篇
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Born in America in 1941, Bob Dylan is a famous singer, musician and poet in America, who has observed the tradition of American music all the way.
When he was young, he showed his great talent in music. It was when he was in high school that he set up a band of his own. He went to college, during which he showed great interest in folk music. In 1961, he began to devote himself to music.
Bob Dylan, whose works are full of creativity, makes great contributions to the culture of America and the world. Bob Dylan has achieved great success in music and literature, which enabled him to win the Nobel Prize.
2018年是我国古代伟大的医学家、药物学家李时珍诞辰500周年。请你根据以下要点给你校英语刊物写一篇短文，让更多的人了解这位伟大的医药学家。
1．李时珍于1518年7月3日出生于湖北省，在家人的影响下，他对医学产生了兴趣；
2．他读了大量的医学书，为寻草药他去了很多地方，拜访了很多人，甚至以身试药，历时27年完成巨著《本草纲目》；
3．李时珍于1593年逝世，他因对世界医学所做出的巨大贡献而名垂后世。
参考词汇：药物学家 pharmacologist 草药 herb
贡献 contribution
注意： 1.词数100左右：
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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One possible version：
Born on July 3, 1518 in Hubei Province, Li Shizhen was a great medical scientist and pharmacologist. Under the influence of his family, he developed an interest in medicine. He read a large number of books about medicine and took lots of notes. To find certain herbs, he went to plenty of places and called on a large number of people. He even did experiments on himself. What’s more, no matter what difficulty and danger he met, he never gave up. Finally, it took him 27 years to write the great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, which is a collection of Chinese herbs. And he died in 1593.
Li Shizhen is remembered for his great contributions to the world medicine.
课件20张PPT。Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern heroobserve/followshow one’s great talent inset upshow great interest indevote oneself tomake contributions toborn inset up a band of his ownshowed great interest in按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.active adj.积极的；活跃的
①As a student, John is very active in his class. For example, he is always the first to answer the teachers’ questions.
②You should actively(active) encourage your children to make use of the opportunity to join sports teams.
③Please take an active part in after-class activities, which will not only make your school life colorful, but also improve your learning.(active)
2.devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于
①The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was highly thought of for his devotion to the education cause.(devote)
②The man is determined to devote his life to helping(help) the people in trouble.
3.guidance n．指导；领导
①Under the guidance of our teacher, we finished our task ahead of time.
②He offered guidance(guide) to the poor people on their legal rights.
4.vote vt.& vi.投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决
①There was once a time when women had no right to vote(vote).
②Since we can’t reach any agreement, now we vote on the problem.
5.attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
①It shocked her to hear that her good friend was attacked with cancer.
②Jim was attacked(attack) by a man in the park. Fortunately, he got slightly injured.
6.equal adj.相等的；平等的
①All men are born equal, so everyone hopes to be treated equally．(equal)
②After a month of training, he became equal to the work as a bus driver.
7.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的
①Everyone likes to live in peace, but it seems that the world is always not peaceful．(peace)
②I think you should settle your problem in a peaceful(peace) way. Fighting can’t solve any problems.
8.educate vt.教育；训练
①On the whole, people who are well educated can find jobs easier than those without a good education．(educate)
②High school education(educate) is very important for students, because it can help them to choose their future.
9.willing adj.乐意的；自愿的
①The lawyer is willing(will) to help those in trouble.
②He is such a mean man that he is unwilling(willing) to lend us some money.
10.reward n．报酬； 奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏
①I believe all his efforts will be rewarded(reward) at last.
②Li Mei got a new mobile phone from her parents as a reward for(作为对……的回报) her being admitted into Tsinghua University.
阅读词汇排查练
1.mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
2.invader n. 侵略者
3.fee n. 费(会费、学费等)；酬金
4.quote n. 引用语；语录
5 release vt. 释放；发行
6.blanket n. 毛毯；毯子
7.terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
8.relative n． 亲戚；亲属
9.thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣
n. 雷；雷声
10.principle n. 法则；原则；原理
11.league n. 同盟；联盟；联合会
12.sentence vt. 判决；宣判
13.mankind n. 人类
重点短语
会书写
1.out of work 失业
2.as a matter of fact 事实上
3.blow up 使充气；爆炸
4.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
5.turn to 求助于；致力于
6.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
7.come to power 当权；上台
8.set up 设立；建立
9.be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
10.be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
11.fight for 为……而战
12.in one’s opinion/view 在某人看来
会应用
1.His father has been out of work for half a year and they are living a poor life now.
2.A chemical factory blew up in the North of England.
3.When you get back, our classmates and I are willing to help you to make up the missing lessons.
4.Another new school will be set up here so as to meet the needs of the citizens.
5.When you have any trouble in your work, you can always turn to me for help.
6.The man pretended to be a doctor, but as a matter of fact,he knows nothing about medicine at all.
7.When the new ruler came to power, he made peace with all his former enemies.
8.In my opinion/view, people can have fast food when they are really in a hurry. If not, they had better have the traditional food.
重点句型
1．This is/was a time when...这是一个……时期。
这是一个几乎人人都想出名的时代。
This is a time when almost everyone wants to be famous.
2．where引导定语从句修饰先行词stage, case, point等。
现在他们的谈判达到一方必须屈服于另一方的关键地步。
Now their talks have reached a key stage where one side must give in to the other.
3．which引导定语从句，修饰先行词way并在从句中作主语。
他提供了一些办法，这些办法在实践中很有效。
He offered some ways that/which worked very well in practice.
4．only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。
Only by practising paper-cutting more can you learn the folk art.
5．should have done sth.本应该做某事，但实际上并没做。
在考试时你本来应该更仔细些的。
You should have been more careful in the examination.
6．did/do/does放在谓语动词之前，用于加强语气。
他的确工作努力并且及时完成了这项工作。
He does work hard and finishes the job in time.
7．the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”。
我第一次在会议厅演讲时非常紧张。
I was very nervous the first time I gave a speech in the meeting hall.
单元语法
1．She’ll never forget the time that/which they played together in the summer camp.
2．I’ll never forget the day when I was admitted into the university.
3．He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so excited.
4．We visited the car factory where my uncle once worked three years ago.
5．The reason why I am late is that I overslept.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．约翰失业后，对生活失去信心。(out of work; lose heart)
2．他第一次偷东西时就被抓住了。(the first time)
3．他被判处三年监禁。(be sentenced to)
4．他求助于一位朋友。(turn to)
5．事实上，这位朋友是去年才当权的。(as a matter of fact; come to power)
6．这位朋友答应过他，当他有困难时就去找他。(in trouble)
7．但是，当他求他的朋友帮助他时，他的朋友说法律面前人人平等。(beg；equal)
8．直到那时他才意识到没人能帮助他。(only then)
9．这是他第一次感到后悔。(This is/was the first time that...)
10．从监狱被释放出来以后，他在一家小公司专心工作。(devote...to)
11．作为奖赏，老板帮他建立了自己的公司。(reward；set up)
12．在我看来，只有努力才能成功。(in one’s opinion)
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One possible version：
After John was out of work, he lost heart and began to steal but was caught the first time he stole. As a result, he was sentenced to three years in prison, so he turned to a friend for help. As a matter of fact, his friend came to power last year.His friend had ever promised that he could turn to him when he was in trouble, but his friend said that everyone was equal before law when he begged him for help. Only then did he realize that nobody could help him. This was the first time that he had felt regretful.After being released from prison, he devoted himself to working in a small company, whose boss helped him set up his own company in reward for him. In my opinion, only by working hard can you pay off.
课件23张PPT。inactivelyactiveactivitiesdevoteddevoteddevotionhelpingUnderguidanceto voteonwithwas attackedequalequallytopeacepeacefulpeacefuleducatededucationeducationwillingunwillingbe rewardedas a rewardfor吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的侵略者费(会费、学费等)；酬金引用语；语录释放；发行毛毯；毯子恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动亲戚；亲属打雷；雷鸣雷；雷声法则；原则；原理同盟；联盟；联合会判决；宣判人类out of workas a matter of factblow upin troubleturn tolose heartcome to powerset upbe sentenced tobe willing to do sth.fight forin one’s opinion/viewout of workblew upare willing toset upturn toas a matter of factcame to powerIn my opinion/viewThis is a time whenwhere one side must give in tothat/which workedcan you learnshould have been more carefuldoes work hardthe first timethat/whichwhenwhywherewhy按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束综合过关检测
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What can we know about the boy?
A．He studied very hard.
B．He was always late.
C．He missed the bus again.
2．Why was the man late for the meeting?
A．Because of the heavy snow.
B．Because of the storm.
C．Because of the heavy rain.
3．What’s the probable answer of the woman?
A．“What can I do for you？”
B．“What’s the matter？”
C．“Just a minute, please.”
4．What’s the woman?
A．She is a pop singer.
B．She is a rock singer.
C．She is a classical singer.
5．Why is the woman moving?
A．She wants to save money to buy a piano.
B．She can’t put up with the noise.
C．The present apartment is too expensive.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What would the man do?
A．Stay longer.
B．Go to the airport.
C．Get worried.
7．What does the expression “all the best” mean?
A．Bye-bye.
B．Congratulations.
C．Have a nice trip.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．Why is Bill sitting on the ground?
A．Because of falling off the bike.
B．Because of the traffic accident.
C．Because of the road.
9．Where did the dialogue most likely happen?
A．In the office.
B．In the street.
C．At home.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Whom are they talking about?
A．Mrs Smith.
B．Mr Smith.
C．Jack.
11．How long does a school day last?
A．At least 8 hours.
B．About 6 hours.
C．About 7 hours.
12．How does Jack usually go to school?
A．By bus.
B．On foot.
C．By car.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What’s the girl’s trouble?
A．She can’t find a job.
B．She can’t decide whether to go to study or to get a job.
C．She wants to go to college but her parents don’t agree.
14．What do her parents want her to do?
A．To start working at once.
B．To study music.
C．To study history.
15．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The girl’s friends are studying.
B．The girl’s friends are working.
C．The girl’s friends are reading.
16．What might the girl do in the end?
A．Go to study.
B．Go to work.
C．It doesn’t mention.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Why do some people like to live in big cities?
A．Because they can go to many interesting places.
B．Because they can think about some problems.
C．Because they can keep the cities safe and clean.
18．Which one is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Cities are big enough to live in.
B．Big cities are not clean and safe enough.
C．It’s easy to find work in big cities.
19．What must people do before they move to the big cities?
A．They must have enough money.
B．They must have many friends.
C．They must think of the problems of living there.
20．Which is the best title for this passage?
A．Big Cities
B．Interesting Things
C．Busy People
答案：1－5.BCCAB 6－10.BCABC 11－15.ABBCB 16－20.AABCA
听力材料
(Text 1)
M：I’m sorry! I can’t tell you how sorry I am.I studied too late yesterday and I missed the bus.
W：No one will trust your words any more.①
(Text 2)
M：I’m sorry！The heavy rain kept me from attending the meeting on time.②
W：It doesn’t matter.
(Text 3)
W：Good morning, Grand Hotel.
M：Hello, I’d like to book a room for the nights of the 18th and 19th.③
(Text 4)
M：I like rock music.What about you?
W：I’m fond of classical music.But first of all, I’m a pop singer.④
(Text 5)
M：I hear you are moving to a new apartment soon.
W：Yes, it is expensive.But my present neighbour plays the piano all night long！⑤
(Text 6)
M：I really must go now.
W：Must you go so soon? I’d like you to stay longer.
M：Sorry, but I’m afraid my friend will get worried.He’s waiting for me at the airport.⑥⑦
W：Then, goodbye! All the best！⑦
M：Thank you.Bye-bye!
(Text 7)
W：What’s the matter, Bill? Why are you sitting on the ground?
M：I fell off my bike and hurt my legs.⑧
W：I’m sorry to hear that.Is there anything I can do for you?
M：Would you please call my father and tell him to come at once?
W：Is he in his office or at home?
M：In his office, and his telephone number is 856-2576.
W：I’ve got it.Now I’ll run to the nearest public phone.Wait for me here.⑨
M：You can use my bike, please.It’ll save some time.
W：That’s a good idea.I’ll be back soon.
M：Please don’t ride too fast.
W：Don’t worry.
(Text 8)
M：Hello, Mrs Smith.How are you?
W：Fine, thanks.How’s your boy Jack？⑩
M：He’s a bit tired.You know, he goes to school at eight o’clock every morning.He doesn’t get home until after four.?Then he does his homework after supper.It often takes him two hours to finish it.
W：Poor boy.They work hard at school nowadays, don’t they? Does he like it?
M：School, you mean? Yes, he does.He likes his teacher and his classmates.
W：Does he go to school by bus?
M：No, he walks.He likes walking.?He meets some of his friends at the corner and they go together.
W：What does he do when it rains?
M：I will take him in the car.
(Text 9)
W：I can’t decide whether to go to a university or to get a job.?What’s your opinion?
M：Well, if I were you, I would go on studying.?
W：But I don’t even know what to study.
M：I advise you to study history.
W：That’s what my parents want me to do.?
M：You should take their advice.They know what’s best for you.The more you learn, the better job you’ll get.
W：But my friends will have jobs and have a lot of fun while I’m spending all my time reading and writing.?
M：But if you go to the university, you still have time for fun.
W：I’ll take your advice.Thank you.?
(Text 10)
New York, London, Paris and other big cities are interesting places to live in.There are always many nice things to see and to do.?You can go to different kinds of museums, parks or cinemas.You can also buy things from all over the world.
But there are some serious problems in big cities, too.It is expensive to live there and there are also too many people.Every year many people move to the cities to find work, to study at good schools.But sometimes these people cannot find work or good places to live in.So it is hard to keep the cities safe and clean.?
Some people enjoy living in big cities, but others do not.So before moving to a big city, you must think about the problems of living there.??
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
He has a bright idea.
Avery Hairston is lighting up people’s lives.The 15-year-old from New York City created an organization called RelightNY.It helps people who have difficulty in paying their electricity bills by giving them special light bulbs(灯泡), which cut long-term electricity costs.They are also better for the environment than common bulbs.“People who can afford the bulbs, which are a bit expensive, should buy them，”Avery insists.
He is very interested in recycling(回收再利用)．
Eli Kahn, 15, started Cartridges for a Cure to raise money for children’s cancer(癌症) research by recycling empty ink cartridges(墨盒)．Eli has raised $82，000 for Johns Hopkins Children’s Center. “With a little time and work, anything can get bigger，” Eli says.
She makes water safe to drink.
Kelydra Welcker, 17, has been trying her best to make drinking water safer. She invented an easy way to get the chemical C8 out of her West Virginia town’s water supply(供应)．C8 went into the water from a nearby industrial factory. “Clean water should be given，” Kelydra explains. “We all should have it.”
She tries to stop deforestation.
Wangari Maathai, from Kenya, Africa, has been working for many years to save the forests. In 1977, she started a movement in Kenya to help stop deforestation (the cutting or burning down of all the trees). The program has planted more than 30 million trees in Africa. Her work brought her the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004. In 2006, she helped start the Billion Tree Campaign. The United Nations program encouraged people to plant trees in their neighborhood, with the goal of planting one billion trees worldwide that year. So many people who wanted to go green joined the program, and more than nine million trees have been planted.Maathai says, “This is something anybody can do.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个致力于做慈善事业的人。
21．What can we learn about RelightNY?
A．It helps the poor save money.
B．It is a United Nations program.
C．It raises money for sick children.
D．It provides people with free bulbs.
A 解析：细节理解题。由He has a bright idea.部分的...an organization called RelightNY.It helps people who have difficulty in paying their electricity bills...cut long-term electricity costs 可知，该机构通过提供特殊灯泡帮助那些支付电费困难的人们节省电费。
22．Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004?
A．Eli Kahn. B．Avery Hairston.
C．Kelydra Welcker. D．Wangari Maathai.
D 解析：细节理解题。由She tries to stop deforestation.部分的Wangari Maathai...Her work brought her the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004.可知答案。
23．What the four people have done is all good for ________．
A．the poor B．the sick
C．the education D．the environment
D 解析：推理判断题。从对这四个人的介绍内容better for the environment；recycling empty ink cartridges(墨盒); make drinking water safer和working for many years to save the forests可知，他们所做的事情都对环境有益。
B
After failing an important exam in my life and missing the opportunity to be an exchange(交换) student in a university of my dreams, I kept trying to avoid Facebook so I wouldn’t have to see the information about it. It was after this that I slowly quit using Facebook.
Facebook made me feel uneasy, sad and like a failure. When I went online, it seemed that everyone was in Australia or Thailand. And if they weren’t travelling, they were getting married or landing great jobs. I felt like everyone was living the dream and I was still at home with my parents, with my student loan(贷款) hanging over me.
I also felt that if I wasn’t eating at restaurants or posting photos from nights out, people would think I wasn’t living. I remember that a friend said to me once, “Yeah, but you’re still going out having fun, and I’ve seen on Facebook.” I tried to present myself as always having a great time. If what I posted on social media didn’t get more than five likes, I’d delete(删除) it.
My life has changed for the better since I stopped using social media. I now enjoy catching up with my friends. When they tell me new plans, my response isn’t just, “Yeah, I saw it on Facebook.” It makes me realize who my real friends are and how social media takes the joy out of sharing news with people.I also feel less uneasy and less of a failure.
I’m planning to visit a friend in Australia next month. My mom and a couple of other friends want me to go back on Facebook to share my pictures. I’d really prefer not to, though.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不使用Facebook后，发现生活变得更美好了。
24．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Trying not to use Facebook.
B．Attending an important exam.
C．Being refused by a good university.
D．Completely stopping using Facebook.
A 解析：代词指代题。根据第一段的...I kept trying to avoid Facebook so I wouldn’t have to see the information about it.以及I slowly quit using Facebook可知，this指代的是努力不使用Facebook。
25．When going online, the author felt that________.
A．she was living the dream
B．her parents seemed uneasy
C．people seemed to live a perfect life
D．it was necessary to go travelling regularly
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的When I went online, it seemed that everyone was in Australia or Thailand...I felt like everyone was living the dream...可知，作者上网时发现，似乎每个人都过着完美的生活。
26．What did the author like doing on Facebook?
A．Making new friends.
B．Telling stories about her parents.
C．Only showing the bright side of her life.
D．Introducing special restaurants to others.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的I tried to present myself as always having a great time.If what I posted on social media didn’t get more than five likes, I’d delete(删除) it.可知，作者只在Facebook上展示自己生活中好的一面。
27．What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A．She wouldn’t go to Australia.
B．She wouldn’t listen to people around her.
C．She wouldn’t take any pictures in Australia.
D．She wouldn’t share photos of her trip on Facebook.
D 解析：句意理解题。根据作者不再使用社交网络并享受远离社交网络后的生活的语境可知，作者的意思是：她不会在Facebook上分享自己这次旅行的照片。
C
Bats(蝙蝠) often appear in movies and literature as frightening creatures. The animals have even been linked in some cultures to vampires(吸血鬼), seeking to attack humans and drink the blood of them. In reality, bats are usually not harmful to people. They can do good things for people and the environment. For example, bats eat a lot of different insects that can harm our environment. They can also spread seeds.
But a serious disease is currently threatening the bat population in many parts of the United States. The disease is called white-nose syndrome(白鼻综合征). It has killed more than 6 million bats across the United States since 2007.Bats catch the disease through their skin while resting on the walls of mountain caves. Biologist Lindsay Rohrbaugh says that the disease spreads quickly and can lead to strange behavior in bats.
In Washington D．C.，researchers are studying how white-nose syndrome is affecting the area’s nine species of bats. Some scientists are trapping bats on an island in the middle of the Anacostia River to test for the disease. The group is receiving money to help carry out their studies. Marco Carvello is with the Washington D．C. Government’s Department of Energy and Environment. “Scientists are concerned that the disease is continuing to greatly reduce the bat population. The bat deaths are affecting the quality of human life in many ways. Without bats，there is an increase of many insects. And that’s only going to get worse over time if some ways can’t be found，” he said.
One theory is that some bats are no longer returning to caves to avoid getting sick.This means more of them are now making their way into cities, where contact with humans is more likely. Experts advise people to keep away from bats in case they have the disease. And animal control officers should safely remove the animals.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。美国部分地区的蝙蝠正遭受白鼻综合征的危害而数量减少，这也将严重影响到人类。作者呼吁应采取措施控制该疾病的传染速度。
28．According to Paragraph 1, people tend to think bats ________．
A．should be protected
B．can help spread seeds
C．do harm to human beings
D．may damage the environment
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的The animals have even been linked in some cultures to vampires(吸血鬼), seeking to attack humans and drink the blood of them. In reality, bats are usually not harmful to people.可判断，人们一般认为蝙蝠是会对人类有害的。
29．What can we learn about white-nose syndrome in Paragraph 2?
A．Many bats have died of it in America.
B．It is spreading fast in the world.
C．Nobody knows how bats get it.
D．It is threatening many animals.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的It has killed more than 6 million bats across the United States since 2007.可知，美国的很多蝙蝠死于白鼻综合征。
30.Which of the following might Marco Carvello agree with?
A．The disease has led to people’s strange behavior.
B．The disease may cause the disappearance of bats.
C．The government should control the spread of the disease.
D．The decrease in the bat population can greatly affect humans’ life.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的The bat deaths are affecting the quality of human life in many ways. Without bats, there is an increase of many insects. And that’s only going to get worse over time if some ways can’t be found.可知，蝙蝠数量的减少会严重影响到人类。
31.What does the author mainly tell us in the passage?
A．A bat species is decreasing in number.
B．We have found ways to protect bats.
C．A disease causes many deaths of bats.
D．We should have a high opinion of bats.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲白鼻综合征在蝙蝠中传播，使美国蝙蝠数量减少，这也将严重影响到人类。
D
Everybody knows how important it is for students to get a good night’s sleep every night.They aren’t able to do their best unless they sleep well. Most experts agree that the proper number of hours is eight, and this has been accepted as common sense for as long as I can remember.However, I was young once and I know that most of you get much less sleep than that—and sometimes this affects(影响) your schoolwork.
I read an article in a teacher’s magazine recently. They did a study of 848 students in Wales. Worryingly, the results suggested that teenagers are facing a new problem. They may go to bed and get up at proper times but a growing number wake up in the middle of the night, not to use the bathroom or have a snack(点心) but because of FOMO—the fear of missing out!
According to the article, schoolchildren suffer because of an increasing trend(趋势) to wake up during the night to check social media. Afraid of missing a message or chance to take part in a discussion, teens wake up at all times of the night to go online and join up with social groups. All this happens when they should be sound asleep.
The report gives some worrying numbers. 23% of 12-to 15-year-olds wake up nearly every night to use social media. Another 15% wake up at night once a week for the same reason. As a result, one in three students are constantly tired and unable to do well at school.
So, I’d like to ask you to be responsible when it comes to social media. Be brave and turn off your phones and computers at night. The world won’t end and your social media will be waiting to greet you in the morning.I give you my word that you won’t have missed anything important.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了青少年半夜醒来使用社交媒体的现象，并就此发表了看法。
32．What is the new trend among teenagers?
A．They get up too early in the morning.
B．They have difficulty in falling asleep at night.
C．They wake up at night to get something to eat.
D．They wake up in the middle of the night to go online.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的schoolchildren suffer...check social media可知，这个趋势是指青少年半夜醒来上网使用社交媒体。
33．How did the author introduce the new trend?
A．By using examples.
B．By asking questions.
C．By making a comparison.
D．By showing research findings.
D 解析：推理判断题。作者在第二至四段中通过引用一篇文章中的研究发现，介绍了在青少年中出现的半夜醒来上网的趋势。
34．What is FOMO?
A．A fear of going online.
B．A fear of losing touch on social media.
C．A need to go out all the time.
D．A need to use the latest technology.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的a growing number wake up...because of FOMO—the fear of missing out可知，FOMO是许多青少年半夜醒来的原因；而接下来第三段对这个原因进行了详细的阐述，因此FOMO的所指可以在第三段中找到(Afraid of missing a message or chance to take part in a discussion)，即害怕错过社交媒体消息或错失参与网上讨论的机会。
35．What can we learn about the author’s opinion on the new trend?
A．It’s worrying.
B．It’s encouraging.
C．It’s hard to understand.
D．It’s difficult to change.
A 解析：推理判断题。由作者在引述研究结果时所用的表达(如第二段中的Worryingly，第四段中的worrying numbers)以及最后一段中作者提出在夜间关闭上网设备的建议可推断，对于青少年半夜醒来使用社交媒体这个趋势，作者忧心忡忡。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For many years the school system in Finland has been very successful. Here are some reasons for it.
First of all, the Finnish government makes it possible for all children to attend preschool. Compulsory education(义务教育) usually begins when children are seven years old. 36.________ When they are not with the students, they spend their time working on lesson preparation.
37．________And Finland selects its teachers very carefully as it only takes the best to educate its youth. For example, only talented students go on to a university and receive a master’s degree in education.
Although schools in Finland are small, teachers are trying to respond to the needs of each student. In some cases, they know every student in their school. As a matter of fact, most of the students get extra help from their teachers in their elementary school years. 38.________
All Finnish children, whether they come from a rich or poor family, have the same opportunities in education. 39.________Because two thirds of Finnish students who finish compulsory education will move on to higher education.
Finland’s school system was once influenced by the Soviet Union. At that time, most students left school after six years of learning. 40.________However, in the middle of the 1960s, the Finnish government realized the need to change their education system if they wanted to be interna- tionally competitive.
A．And the teachers are willing to help them.
B．Teaching in Finland is a highly admired job.
C．Only the wealthy ones got a better education.
D．Students learn Swedish as their second language.
E．Finland’s schools are supported by the government.
F．Students have few differences in their educational choices.
G．Teachers work with their students in school as much as possible.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了芬兰教育制度成功的几个原因。
36．G 解析：此空设于段中，与下文存在逻辑上的指代关系，下文When they are中的they指代的是该句中提到的Teachers。这两句话的意思为：老师在学校的时候尽可能地跟学生在一起，当他们没有跟学生在一起的时候，他们通常在备课。
37．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段主要是围绕“芬兰学校的教师”展开的。根据语境可知此句意为：在芬兰，教书是一个很令人们羡慕的职业。
38．A 解析：此空设于段尾，对本段讲述的内容进行总结。本段主要讲的是在芬兰学校虽然小，但是老师基本了解每一位学生，并且乐意给他们提供帮助。
39．F 解析：此空设于段中，与下文存在因果关系。根据语境可知，下文意为：三分之二的芬兰学生完成义务教育后都会去接受更高层次的教育，所以可推测前一句是讲学生们在学业选择方面的差异很小。
40．C 解析：此空设于段中，起承上启下的作用。前一句讲在芬兰学校体制效仿苏联的时候，很多学生上了六年学后就离开学校了，此句接着说只有家庭富裕的孩子能得到更好的教育，most students和Only the wealthy ones形成对比。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I like fishing and it takes up most of my spare time now. I __41__ when I was young, my father brought me to a place we called “Fish Camp”. The two-hour drive there was __42__ , but luckily, I could see the flowing waters and beautiful green mountains.
We arrived __43__．It was in the late afternoon.My father __44__ the tent and prepared dinner. After dinner, we __45__ far into the night, with the heat of the blazing fire near our feet. I heard of many interesting experiences of my father.
The next day, we went to Moose Creek, which you would __46__ if you want to catch big fish. __47__ I started fishing, my father patted me on my shoulders and said, “Fishing is slow, so you have to __48__ . And if you put enough attention and __49__，you will be rewarded. Therefore, I was __50__．”
After what seemed a long time, I __51__ that my line moved. I was wild with __52__．“It must be a super huge fish，” I __53__ . But then I began to worry that my rod(钓竿) would __54__ because it was bent so much. I held the rod with all my strength and lifted it __55__. Finally , I could see my __56__. It was a large fish, beautiful and shiny in the sun. But it was hard for me to pull it over __57__ it was my first fishing and I still couldn’t make it without letting the target go. After around five minutes, the fish was __58__ and I got it in my net slowly.
I felt so happy. Filled with __59__ , I showed my father what I’d just pulled out. It was then that I realized what my father __60__ when he said “you will be rewarded”．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者随父亲到野外钓鱼，在父亲的指导下他钓到了一条大鱼。他对父亲所说的“只要足够专注且有耐心，就会有所回报”这句话深有体会。
41．A.admit B．expect
C．remember D．understand
C 解析：根据后文的when I was young...可知，作者在回忆小时候的事，故remember符合语境。
42．A.exciting B．boring
C．comfortable D．unforgettable
B 解析：根据后文的but luckily可知，两小时的车程对作者来说很无聊(boring)，但幸运的是，作者可以欣赏沿途的山水。
43．A.at last B．as usual
C．of course D．right away
A 解析：根据上文的two-hour drive可知，经过两小时的驱车，作者和父亲终于(at last)到达了。
44．A.put up B．lived in
C．took away D．looked for
A 解析：根据后文的...the tent and prepared dinner可知，作者的父亲应该是搭起(put up)帐篷，准备晚餐。
45．A.slept B．argued
C．studied D．chatted
D 解析：根据后文的I heard of many interesting experiences of my father.可知，晚饭后，作者和父亲聊天(chatted)到深夜。
46．A.miss B．choose
C．accept D．suggest
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者和父亲是去Moose Creek钓鱼，所以想要钓到大鱼的人会选择 (choose)那里。
47．A.Although B．Since
C．Until D．Before
D 解析：根据后文的...I started fishing可知，在开始钓鱼之前(Before)，作者的父亲叮嘱作者。
48．A.wait B．fight
C．explore D．leave
A 解析：根据上文的Fishing is slow可知，作者的父亲是说钓鱼很耗时，所以你必须要等(wait)。
49. A．hope B．belief
C．patience D．importance
C 解析：根据上文的Fishing is slow及后文的...you will be rewarded可知，如果你足够专注和有耐心(patience)，你会得到回报的。
50．A.afraid B．confident
C．focused D．confused
C 解析：根据上文的attention可知，作者按照父亲的叮嘱，专注(focused)地钓鱼。
51．A.heard B．considered
C．noticed D．imagined
C 解析：根据后文的my line moved可知，作者注意到(noticed)钓鱼线动了。
52．A.joy B．fear
C．anger D．embarrassment
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者看到钓鱼线动了，内心肯定欣喜若狂(joy)。
53．A.worried B．guessed
C．decided D．announced
B 解析：根据“It must be a super huge fish”可知，作者猜想(guessed)，肯定是一条巨大的鱼。
54．A.drop B．break
C．lose D．change
B 解析：根据后文的because it was bent so much可知，鱼竿弯曲得非常厉害，作者担心鱼竿会断(break)。
55．A.naturally B．seriously
C．suddenly D．carefully
D 解析：根据I held the rod with all my strength可知，作者怕鱼竿会断，所以用尽全力握着鱼竿，小心翼翼地(carefully)抬起。
56．A.chance B．direction
C．mistake D．achievement
D 解析：根据后文的It was a large fish, beautiful and shiny in the sun.可知，作者抬起鱼竿，看到了自己的成果(achievement)。
57．A.so B．because
C．unless D．if
B 解析：根据语境可知，把鱼线拉过来对作者来说还有点困难，因为(because)这是作者第一次钓鱼，还不能轻易将鱼线拉过来并不让鱼跑掉。
58．A.dead B．safe
C．tired D．free
C 解析：根据After around five minutes可知，大约5分钟后，鱼累(tired)了，作者慢慢地将它弄进了网。
59．A.pride B．regret
C．desire D．curiosity
A 解析：根据I felt so happy.可知，作者很开心，充满自豪(pride)地给父亲看他刚钓上来的大鱼。
60．A.thought B．planned
C．predicted D．meant
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者在尝到了收获的喜悦后，终于体会到了父亲告诫他的话的意思(meant)。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Nana Kwabena was in and out of the hospital as 61.____________ child. He was born with sickle cell disease(镰状红细胞贫血症). It is a blood disorder that can be passed from parents to 62.____________(they) children. Kwabena’s brother died of the disease in 2011. After that, Kwabena started an organization 63.____________(call) All One Blood. The organization works to help young people 64.____________have sickle cell disease.
Worldwide, there are about 25 million people 65.____________(live) with sickle cell disease. In the United States, it affects(侵袭) about 100，000 people, according 66.____________the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 67.____________(study) show that one out of every 365 African-American children are born with the disease. Many people 68.____________ (wrong) believe that the disease affects only a small number of people.
All One Blood supports research to find a cure(治疗方法) for sickle cell disease. There are signs of hope. In 2015, the University of Illinois Hospital, in Chicago, 69.____________(report) that it had cured the disease in 12 people.
“I encourage kids 70.____________(know) that if you have sickle cell disease or anything that makes you who you are，” Kwabena says, “it can become a superpower for you to change the world with”．
61．a 解析：考查不定冠词。as a child意为“小时候”。
62．their 解析：考查代词。设空处作定语，表示“他们的”，故填形容词性物主代词their。
63．called 解析：考查过去分词作定语。设空处所在句意为“Kwabena成立了一个叫All One Blood的组织”，call与organization之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填called。
64．who/that 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词people，且在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
65．living 解析：考查动词-ing形式作定语。people后跟定语，因为people与live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且live表示现在的状态，故填living。
66．to 解析：考查介词。according to意为“根据，依照”。
67．Studies 解析：考查名词复数。study在此表示“研究”，是可数名词，由谓语动词show可知，此处应用名词复数，故填Studies。
68.wrongly 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰believe，表示“错误地”，故填副词wrongly。
69.reported 解析：考查一般过去时。由In 2015可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填reported。
70．to know 解析：考查不定式作宾补。encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Recently, while I am walking home from school, I noticed two small girls on the street.One was crying and other was comforting her. I came up to them, and found the shorter girl which was crying had cut one of her feet. When I asked her what had happened, the girl said that she had fallen over in the park, cut her feet and got laughed at by some boys. Unluckily, I had some water with me, so I cleaned their cut carefully and comforted her. I gave her a hug and tell her that I was going to carry her home. Her mom thanked for me endlessly when we got to their house. She tried to pay me so I told her no reward was requiring.
答案：
Recently, while I walking home from school, I noticed two small girls on the street.One was crying and other was comforting her. I came up to them, and found the shorter girl was crying had cut one of her feet. When I asked her what had happened, the girl said that she had fallen over in the park, cut her and got laughed at by some boys. ， I had some water with me, so I cleaned cut carefully and comforted her. I gave her a hug and her that I was going to carry her home. Her mom thanked me endlessly when we got to their house. She tried to pay me I told her no reward was .
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，你校英语角拟举行一次英文演讲比赛，需要两名主持人(host)。你对此很感兴趣。请你用英语给外籍负责人布朗先生写一封自荐信，内容包括：
1．个人基本情况；
2．口语水平；
3．相关经验。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Mr Brown：
I’ve learnt that two hosts are needed for the coming English speech contest. I would like very much to be one of them.
I’m Li Hua, a handsome boy of about 180cm in height. As a hard-working student, I have a good command of English, especially spoken English.I have won the first prize in many English speech contests. What’s more, I have been the host of English parties since I entered junior high school. It gave me much experience in hosting big events. So I believe I can do the job perfectly.
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
