课件52张PPT。Unit 2 The Olympic GamesUnit 2 The Olympic GamesUnit 2 The Olympic GamesUnit 2 The Olympic GamesUnit 2 The Olympic GamesUnit 2 The Olympic GamesUnit 2 The Olympic GamesUnit 2 The Olympic Games按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
阅读理解
A
People need to relax and enjoy themselves.One way they can have a good time is to watch a baseball game or another sports event.Even thousands of years ago, groups of people gathered to watch skilled athletes.
Over 2，000 years ago in Greece, certain days in the year were festival days.These were holidays when people stopped work and enjoyed themselves.They liked to watch athletes take part in races and other games of skill.
The most important festival was held every four years at the town of Olympia. It was held in honour of the Greek god Zeus.For five days, athletes from all parts of the Greek world took part in the Olympic Games.At the Olympic Games, people could watch them box, run, jump and so on.There was a relay race between two teams of men in which a lighted torch(火炬) was passed from runner to runner.The Olympic Games were thought to be so important that cities which were at war with one another had to stop fighting.People were allowed to travel to the games freely.Thousands of people came to Olympia from cities in Greece and from its colonies(殖民地) in Africa, Asia and Italy.They met as friends to cheer their favourite athletes and to enjoy themselves.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了2 000多年前在古希腊的奥林匹亚为纪念希腊主神每四年举行一次的奥运会的相关知识。
1．What happened in Greece over 2，000 years ago?
A．People stopped work and enjoyed themselves.
B．The cities there were often against one another.
C．People watched baseball games.
D．People didn’t go to any games at all.
B 解析：细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的The Olympic Games were thought to be so important that cities which were at war with one another had to stop fighting.可知，两千多年前，希腊的城市经常互相交战，故B项正确。
2．What did people do at the games?
A．They fought.
B．They just talked to friends.
C．They cheered for good athletes.
D．They tried to find friends.
C 解析：细节理解题。由文章最后一段最后一句They met as friends to cheer their favourite athletes and to enjoy themselves.可知C项正确。
3．Greek cities then were fighting so they ________．
A．were weak
B．were strong
C．couldn’t go to other cities freely
D．could see each other
C 解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段的People were allowed to travel to the games freely.可知，人们在运动会期间被允许自由活动。由此可推知，人们在交战的城市之间是不能自由走动的，故C项正确。
4．The best title for the story is “________”．
A．Greece at War B．Together for the Games
C．Stop Fighting D．Sport
B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述不同城市的人们因为比赛而走到一起，成为朋友，为运动员喝彩，故B项正确。
B
Moose(驼鹿), which weigh up to 700 kilograms, can be dangerous to people.They can cause deadly traffic accidents and also can harm people and other animals by stepping on them.Wildlife biologists in the U．S. are trying to get a correct count of this kind of big animals.
The counting is being done in Alaska’s largest city, Anchorage. Recently, many moose have been found in this city.The__officials__tried__to__get__their__count,__but__the__problem__is__that__the__animals__continually__move__and__the__city__covers__an__area__of__over__5，000__square__kilometers.
In the past, officials used low-flying airplanes to watch for moose on the ground to get their count.But rules from the city’s airport now prevent such flights, so Alaska’s Department of Fish and Game is experimenting with a new method for counting the city’s moose.The researchers are trying to collect genetic material called DNA from moose.They say this will allow them to get a more accurate(精确的) result without having to catch them.
Biologists sought help from the public during their three-day project last month.They asked people to call or send text messages to report when they saw a moose.Teams of moose hunters then quickly drove to the areas.The teams shot the moose with special darts(飞镖) designed to get small pieces of skin and hair.The darts were weighted so that they could fall off the moose and then the material could be collected.The skin and fur were then taken to a laboratory to be studied.Researchers say the darts do not hurt the animals.
Biologist Dave Battle led the project.“There’s really been no technique up until now.And it’s something we’ve been beating our brains out to work on for the last couple of years，” he said.
Battle says the technology is allowing officials to improve their knowledge and management of the moose population in the Anchorage area.But he adds that it will take some time to study the DNA material to come up with specific numbers.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。在美国的阿拉斯加，生活着大量的驼鹿，如何计算驼鹿的数量一直是个难题。现在，人们尝试用DNA掌握驼鹿的数量。
5．What can be inferred from the underlined part in Paragraph 2?
A．The city is known for its special moose.
B．The process of counting the moose is not easy.
C．The number of the moose in the city is increasing.
D．The officials regard the moose as a serious city problem.
B 解析：推理判断题。画线句句意：官员们想要知道驼鹿的数量，但是问题是这些动物一直在移动，而且这个城市总共有五万多平方公里。因此可推测，数驼鹿这个过程不容易。
6．Why do researchers collect DNA from the moose?
A．To study their movements.
B．To get the number of the moose.
C．To drive away the moose in the city.
D．To work out ways of making them live longer.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的so Alaska’s Department of Fish and Game...They say this will allow them to get a more accurate(精确的) result without having to catch them.可知，研究者采集驼鹿的DNA主要是想得到他们的数量。
7．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?
A．The reasons for studying the moose.
B．The purposes of counting the moose.
C．The way of collecting genetic material from the moose.
D．The value of studying genetic material from the moose.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据文章第四段可知，人们用飞镖射击驼鹿，采集皮和毛送去实验室研究，所以可知，本段主要讲述了采集驼鹿基因物质的具体方法。
8．What can we know about the project led by Battle?
A．It didn’t do any harm to the moose.
B．It cost lots of money and time.
C．It was based on a previous technique.
D．It was strongly supported by the public.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句和第四段的Researchers say the darts do not hurt the animals.可知，这个项目不会对驼鹿有任何伤害。
完形填空
Do you remember the last time you spoke to your mother？And do you remember the last time you __1__ how much you love her?
I __2__ say the most used three words “I Love You” to my parents because saying that to them face to face always makes me __3__．However, the situation __4__ the moment I learned about my mother’s __5__．In November 2017, it was confirmed(证实) that my mother had stage 3 breast cancer.I knew there was little __6__ of beating this illness.
However, we didn’t stop.We __7__ all her doctor’s advice.She __8__ the process of the chemical treatment.But the cancer isn’t __9__ to beat.It took all of my mother’s will and desire to get well.
For two years, she continued to __10__ against the disease.All through her journey, different people were there to __11__ her in any way they could—financially, mentally, and even materially.I’ve seen __12__ these people became part of her life.Whenever my mom __13__ giving up, they would try to uplift her spiritually.I’m really __14__ for their generosity.
A few days ago, my mother lost her __15__．Her body had given up and became __16__．It wasn’t easy to accept the fact.But I knew it wasn’t too late to __17__ all the things a mother had done to her __18__．Most of us can’t notice their love until they aren’t around us anymore.
I will __19__ my mom forever.It has only been less than nine days since she left us, __20__ I’m sure that she knows my feelings all the time.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的母亲由于乳腺癌去世了，只有在母亲去世之后，作者才更深刻地体会到母亲对他的爱，以及他对母亲无限的思念。
1．A.discovered B．expressed
C．discussed D．proved
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处表达你还记得上一次你对母亲说你爱她是什么时候吗？
2．A.seldom B．frequently
C．formally D．slightly
A 解析：根据下文可知，作者很少对父母说“我爱你”。
3．A.disappointed B．proud
C．excited D．shy
D 解析：根据语境可推测，作者不说这三个字的原因是面对面对父母说“我爱你”会让他很害羞。
4．A.appeared B．existed
C．changed D．developed
C 解析：但是在母亲被诊断患有乳腺癌之后，这个状况改变了。
5．A.disease B．story
C．experience D．expectation
A 解析：根据后文可知，母亲患病了，所以可推测，此处表达在知道了母亲的病之后，他做出了改变。
6．A.chance B．evidence
C．news D．time
A 解析：根据上文my mother had stage 3 breast cancer可推测，战胜这种疾病的几率小。
7．A.misunderstood B．followed
C．ignored D．compared
B 解析：follow the doctor’s advice听从医生的建议。
8．A.searched for B．dealt with
C．worked out D．went through
D 解析：此处意为“母亲经历了化疗的过程”。go through“经历”。
9．A.easy B．cheap
C．convenient D．necessary
A 解析：由But可知，此处表达癌症是不容易打败的。
10．A.compete B．knock
C．fight D．go
C 解析：根据语境可知，此处指在两年的时间里，母亲继续和疾病斗争。
11．A.educate B．support
C．judge D．pity
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处指在母亲和疾病斗争的过程中，许多人给予了支持。
12．A.how B．why
C．when D．where
A 解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者亲眼见证了人们是如何成为她生活中的一部分。
13．A.felt like B．kept on
C．put off D．objected to
A 解析：根据语境可知，此处指每当母亲想要放弃的时候，他们都会在精神上鼓舞她。
14．A.anxious B．thankful
C．shameful D．sorry
B 解析：根据上文可知，人们给予母亲各种各样的帮助，对此作者非常感激。
15．A.balance B．courage
C．battle D．heart
C 解析：根据下文Her body had given up可知，此处指母亲在这场战争中输掉了，没有战胜病魔。
16．A.weaker B．relaxed
C．tired D．healthier
A 解析：根据Her body had given up可推测，母亲的身体变得虚弱。
17．A.admire B．forgive
C．celebrate D．appreciate
D 解析：母亲的身体在变得虚弱，大家很难接受这个事实，但是作者知道感激母亲为他们所做的一切还不是太晚。
18．A.neighbors B．children
C．friends D．parents
B 解析：根据前面的a mother had done to可知，此处是表达母亲为孩子们所做的事。
19．A.worry B．promise
C．remind D．miss
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者会永远想念他的母亲。
20．A.although B．because
C．but D．if
C 解析：根据语境可知，此处是说虽然母亲永远地离开了，但是作者确定母亲会一直知道他的感受。空格前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，所以用连词but连接。
奥林匹克运动会，简称“奥运会”，是国际奥林匹克委员会主办的规模最大的综合性世界运动会，每四年一届，也是世界上影响力最大的体育盛会。
The Olympic Games
We can still remember the 2016 Brazil Olympic Games and people and nations around the world all think of Olympic Games as an important international event.As we all know，Olympic Games are held every four years.The Olympic Games today are very different from the original Olympics that took place in Olympia, Greece. Since then, they, attended by more than 200 countries, have been held all over the world, including many different sports.The first modern Olympics took place in 1896 in Athens, Greece.People were chosen to play in the Olympics to represent the country they were from.
Over time the Olympics have become bigger and bigger.For example，the Winter Games were especially created for ice and snow sports.And the Paralympic Games(残奥会) were just created for athletes with physical disabilities.As well，the Olympics became bigger with the addition of the Youth Olympic Games for teenage athletes.World War Ⅰ and World War Ⅱ led
to the cancellation(取消) of the 1916，1940, and 1944 Games.There have also been a lot of important changes in the Olympic Games.In old times，women were not allowed to take part in the Games, but now men and women are both welcomed.As the decision-making body，the International Olympic Committee(IOC) is responsible for choosing the host city for each Olympic Games.And it is also responsible for choosing what sports are included in the Games.The number of sports played at the Olympics changes from year to year. Some of the most popular Summer Olympic sports are swimming，cycling, gymnastics, volleyball and horse riding.There are also many events collectively known as athletics, such as the 100-meter dash, the marathon, hurdling(跨栏), relay racing, the long jump, the high jump and so on.
The celebration of the Games includes many rituals and symbols，such as the Olympic flag and torch as well as the opening and closing ceremonies.The first，second，and third-place finishers in each event receive，respectively，gold，silver，and bronze medals.Of course, getting the gold medal is everyone’s dream.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.ancient adj. 古代的；古老的
2.medal n. 奖章；勋章；纪念章
3.homeland n. 祖国；本国
4.athlete n. 运动员；运动选手
5.stadium n. (露天大型)体育场
6.host vt. 做东；主办；招待
n. 主人
7.replace vt. 取代；替换；代替
8.motto n. 座右铭；格言；警句
9.swift adj. 快的；迅速的
拓展词汇
10.compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitor n．竞争者→competitive adj.有竞争力的
11.magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的→magic n．魔术；魔力→magician n．魔术师
12.volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵 adj.志愿的；义务的 vt. & vi.自愿→voluntary adj.志愿的；义务的
13.regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的→regularly adv.定期地；规则地
14.basis n．基础；根据→basic adj.基本的；基础的
15.admit vt. & vi.容许；承认；接纳→admission n．准入；准许
16.responsibility n．责任；职责→responsible adj.有责任的；负责的
阅读词汇
17.Greece n． 希腊
18.slave n. 奴隶
19.nowadays adv. 现今；现在
20.gymnastics n．(pl) 体操；体能训练
21.olive n. 橄榄树；橄榄叶；橄榄枝；橄榄色
22.similarity n. 相像性；相似点
重点短语
1.take_part_in 参加；参与
2.stand_for 代表；象征；表示
3.every_four_years 每四年
4.as_well 也；又；还
5.as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上；实际上
6.play_a_part/role_in 在……中起作用
7.be_admitted_as 被接纳/吸收为
8.all_over_the_world 全世界
重点句型
1.what 引导宾语从句：I lived in what_you_call_“Ancient_Greece”(你们所说的“古希腊”) and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.
2.强调句型：It’s_in_the_Summer_Olympics_that(是在夏季奥运会上) you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.
3.nor 引导倒装句：No other countries could join in, nor_could_slaves_or_women(奴隶和妇女也不能参加)！
4.as ...as ...与……一样……：There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as_to_win_Olympic_medals(跟争夺奥运奖牌一样……).
Fast-reading
Skim the text and fill in the blanks about the main idea of the text.
The text tells us the similarities and differences about the ____________ and ____________ Olympic Games.
答案：modern；ancient
Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Why did Pausanias come to China from Ancient Greece?
A．To watch the present-day Olympic Games.
B．To find out about the present-day Olympic Games.
C．To take part in the present-day Olympic Games.
D．To work as a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
2．Which of the following can’t be included in the Summer Olympic Games?
A．Running races. B．Swimming.
C．Sailing. D．Skiing.
3．Why do so many countries compete for hosting the Olympic Games?
A．Because it can bring in lots of money to the host country.
B．Because it can make the host country win more medals.
C．Because it’s a great responsibility and a great honour.
D．Because it can make the host country stronger.
4．Which word can best describe Pausanias’ feeling?
A．Disappointed. B．Angry.
C．Sad. D．Surprised.
答案：1－4.BDCD
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2，000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th, 2007 to find out about the present-day Olympic Games.
[翻译] 帕萨尼亚斯是大约2 000年前的一位希腊作家，他于2007年3月18日做了一次魔幻旅行(来到现代)，以便弄清现代奥运会的情况。
2．I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.
and 引导两个并列句，what引导宾语/名词性从句。
[翻译] 我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。我曾写过很久以前的奥运会的情况。
3．I’ve come to your time to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland.
to find out about...Olympic Games为动词不定式作目的状语；because I know that in 2004...in my homeland为原因状语从句，其中that in 2004 they...为宾语从句。
[翻译] 现在我来到你们这个时代，想了解当代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004年奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。
①magical['m?d?Ikl]adj.
巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的
magic n．魔术
②find out查明，弄清
③present-day(复合形容词)当今的，现代的
④volunteer[?v?l?n'tI?]n.志愿者；志愿兵 adj.志愿的；义务的 vt.& vi.自愿
⑤time n．时代，时期。通常用times，如in ancient times在古代。times作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
⑥homeland['h??ml?nd]n.
祖国；本国
⑦regular['reɡj?l?]adj.规则的；定期的；常规的
⑧basis['beIsIs]n.(pl bases)基础；根据
on a regular basis定期地
on the basis of...以……为基础
⑨athlete['?θli?t]n.运动员，运动选手
athletic adj.健壮的；体育运动的
⑩admit[?d'mIt]vt.& vi.
容许；承认；接纳
?compete against...for...为……同……竞争
?slave[sleIv]n.奴隶
?nowadays['na??deIz]adv.现今；现在
?play a role in在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色(＝play a part in)
?gymnastics[d?Im'n?stIks]n.
(pl)体操；体能训练
?athletics[?θ'letIks]n.(pl)体育运动；竞技
?house vt.给(某人)提供住处
?stadium['steIdI?m]n.(露天大型)体育场(pl stadiums or stadia)
?gymnasium(gym)
[d?Im'neIzI?m]([d?Im])n.体育馆；健身房
?as well也；又；还
(host[h??st]vt.做东；主办；招待 n．主人
(as a matter of fact(＝in fact)实际上，事实上
(responsibility[rI?sp?ns?'bIl?tI]n.责任；职责
(replace[rI'pleIs]vt.取代；替换；代替(＝take the place of)
(motto['m?t??]n.(pl
mottos或mottoes)座右铭；格言；警句
(swift[swIft]adj.快的；迅速的
【核心素养链接】
奥运会的发展历程
古代奥运会也是每四年举行一次，时间定在闰年的夏至之后，创始人为伯罗奔尼撒(Peloponissos)的统治者伊菲图斯。第一届古代奥运会于公元前776年在希腊奥林匹亚举办，参与的国家仅有三个——伯罗奔尼撒、伊斯利和斯巴达。当时仅有一个比赛项目，即距离为192.27米的场地跑。后来，古希腊运动会的规模逐渐扩大，并成为彰显民族精神的盛会。比赛的优胜者会获得月桂、野橄榄和棕榈编织的花环。
公元394年，奥运会被罗马帝国皇帝狄奥多西一世禁止。1889年7月，在法国巴黎召开的国际田径代表大会上，后来被人尊称为“奥林匹克之父”的法国教育家皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦(Pierre de Coubertin)首次公开了他恢复奥运会的设想。1894年6月16日，法国巴黎召开了第一届奥林匹克代表大会。大会决定在1896年召开首届现代奥运会，希腊的历史名城雅典获得主办权。
AN INTERVIEW
Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2，000 years ago, has come on a magical① journey on March 18th, 2007 to find out② about the present-day③ Olympic Games. He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer④ for the 2008 Olympic Games.
◆本句为复合句，其中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Pausanias；主句中不定式短语to find out...在句中作目的状语。
P：My name is Pausanias. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago. I’ve come to your time⑤ to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland⑥. May I ask you some questions about the modern Olympics?
◆本句是由and连接的并列句。第一个分句中，what引导宾语从句，what意为“……的地方”；第一个分句可以改写为I lived in the place that/which you call “Ancient Greece”。第二个分句为简单句。
L：Good heavens! Have you really come from so long ago? But of course you can ask any questions you like. What would you like to know?
P：How often do you hold your Games?
L：Every four years. There are two main sets of Games —the Winter and the Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular⑦ basis⑧. The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games. Only athletes⑨ who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted⑩ as competitors. They may come from anywhere in the world.
◆the Winter and the Summer Olympics是two main sets of Games的同位语。
◆who在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词athletes。其中，过去分词agreed作前置定语，修饰standard。
P：Winter Games? How can the runners enjoy competing in winter? And what about the horses?
L：Oh no! There are no running races or horse riding events. Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice. That’s why they’re called the Winter Olympics. It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.
◆which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词competitions。
◆why在此引导表语从句，并在从句中作状语。
◆本句为强调句，强调的是地点状语in the Summer Olympics。together with...all the team sports在此作状语。together with意为“和，连同”，连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数与together with前的主语保持一致。
P：I see. Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world. Do you mean the Greek world? Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for? the honour of winning. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves? or women!
L：Nowadays? any country can take part if their athletes are good enough. There are over 250 sports and each one has its own standard. Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in? gymnastics?， athletics?，team sports and...
P：Please wait a minute！All those events, all those countries and even women taking part！Where are all the athletes housed?？
L：For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums? for competitions, and a gymnasium? as well?.
P：That sounds very expensive. Does anyone want to host( the Olympic Games?
L：As a matter of fact(，every country wants the opportunity.It’s a great responsibility( but also a great honour to be chosen.There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing, China． Did you know that?
◆本句中的It为形式主语，真正的主语为to be chosen。
P：Oh yes! You must be very proud.
L：Certainly. And after that the 2012 Olympics will be held in London. They have already started planning for it. A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London. New medals will be designed of course and...
P：Did you say medals? So even the olive wreath has been replaced(！Oh dear! Do you compete for prize money too?
L：No, we don’t. It’s still all about being able to run faster, jump higher and throw further. That’s the motto( of the Olympics，you know—“Swifter(，Higher and Stronger.”
P：Well, that’s good news. How interesting! Thank you so much for your time.
一个采访
帕萨尼亚斯是大约2 000年前的一位希腊作家，他于2007年3月18日做了一次魔幻旅行(来到现代)，以便弄清现代奥运会的情况。他现在正在采访一位名叫李艳的2008年奥运会志愿者。
帕：我叫帕萨尼亚斯。我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。我曾写过很久以前的奥运会的情况。(现在)我来到你们的时代，想弄清现代奥运会的情况，因为我知道2004年的奥运会是在我的祖国举行的。我可以问你一些有关现代奥运会的问题吗？
李：天哪！你真的来自那么久远的时代？但是你当然可以问任何你想问的问题。你想知道什么呢？
帕：你们的奥运会多久举行一次？
李：每四年(举行一次)。奥运会主要有两种：冬季奥运会和夏季奥运会。这两种运动会都是每四年定期举行一次。冬季奥运会通常要比夏季奥运会早两年举行。只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。他们可能来自世界的任何一个地方。
帕：冬季奥运会？赛跑运动员怎么可能喜欢在冬天比赛？又怎么可能赛马呢？
李：噢，不！(冬季奥运会)没有赛跑和赛马这类项目，而是有像滑雪和溜冰这类需要雪和冰的比赛项目。这就是它们被叫作冬季奥运会的原因。在夏季奥运会上有赛跑、游泳、帆船运动和所有的团体项目。
帕：我明白了。之前你说过参加比赛的运动员来自世界各地。你是指希腊世界吗？我们希腊城市之间过去常常仅仅为了赢得荣誉而彼此竞争。别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
李：现在只要运动员足够好，任何国家都能参赛。运动项目有250多个，而且每个项目都有它自己的标准。妇女不仅允许参赛，而且还在体操、竞技和团体运动等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……
帕：请等一下！那些所有的比赛项目，那些所有的国家，甚至妇女也参加！所有的运动员被安置在哪里呢？
李：每届奥运会都有一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。
帕：听起来那要花很多钱。有人想主办奥运会吗？
李：事实上，每个国家都想得到这个机会。被选中(举办奥运会)不仅要承担巨大的责任，同时也享有极大的荣誉。国家之间为了能够举办奥运会的竞争同为了赢得奥运奖牌的竞争一样激烈。2008年的奥运会将在中国北京举行，你知道吗？
帕：是的！你一定很自豪。
李：当然。在那之后，2012年的奥运会将在伦敦举行。他们已经开始为此筹划了。一个新的奥运村和所有的体育场将在伦敦东部兴建。当然新的奖牌将被设计，而且……
帕：你刚才说奖牌吗？所以说，就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！天啊！你们也为奖金而竞赛吗？
李：不，不是的。它依然全部是关于能够跑得更快，跳得更高，掷得更远的。你知道，“更快，更高，更强”是奥运会的座右铭。
帕：嗯，那真是好消息。多么有趣啊！占用了你的时间，非常感谢。
阅读理解
A
People need to relax and enjoy themselves.One way they can have a good time is to watch a baseball game or another sports event.Even thousands of years ago, groups of people gathered to watch skilled athletes.
Over 2，000 years ago in Greece, certain days in the year were festival days.These were holidays when people stopped work and enjoyed themselves.They liked to watch athletes take part in races and other games of skill.
The most important festival was held every four years at the town of Olympia. It was held in honour of the Greek god Zeus.For five days, athletes from all parts of the Greek world took part in the Olympic Games.At the Olympic Games, people could watch them box, run, jump and so on.There was a relay race between two teams of men in which a lighted torch(火炬) was passed from runner to runner.The Olympic Games were thought to be so important that cities which were at war with one another had to stop fighting.People were allowed to travel to the games freely.Thousands of people came to Olympia from cities in Greece and from its colonies(殖民地) in Africa, Asia and Italy.They met as friends to cheer their favourite athletes and to enjoy themselves.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了2 000多年前在古希腊的奥林匹亚为纪念希腊主神每四年举行一次的奥运会的相关知识。
1．What happened in Greece over 2，000 years ago?
A．People stopped work and enjoyed themselves.
B．The cities there were often against one another.
C．People watched baseball games.
D．People didn’t go to any games at all.
B 解析：细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的The Olympic Games were thought to be so important that cities which were at war with one another had to stop fighting.可知，两千多年前，希腊的城市经常互相交战，故B项正确。
2．What did people do at the games?
A．They fought.
B．They just talked to friends.
C．They cheered for good athletes.
D．They tried to find friends.
C 解析：细节理解题。由文章最后一段最后一句They met as friends to cheer their favourite athletes and to enjoy themselves.可知C项正确。
3．Greek cities then were fighting so they ________．
A．were weak
B．were strong
C．couldn’t go to other cities freely
D．could see each other
C 解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段的People were allowed to travel to the games freely.可知，人们在运动会期间被允许自由活动。由此可推知，人们在交战的城市之间是不能自由走动的，故C项正确。
4．The best title for the story is “________”．
A．Greece at War B．Together for the Games
C．Stop Fighting D．Sport
B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述不同城市的人们因为比赛而走到一起，成为朋友，为运动员喝彩，故B项正确。
B
Moose(驼鹿), which weigh up to 700 kilograms, can be dangerous to people.They can cause deadly traffic accidents and also can harm people and other animals by stepping on them.Wildlife biologists in the U．S. are trying to get a correct count of this kind of big animals.
The counting is being done in Alaska’s largest city, Anchorage. Recently, many moose have been found in this city.The__officials__tried__to__get__their__count,__but__the__problem__is__that__the__animals__continually__move__and__the__city__covers__an__area__of__over__5，000__square__kilometers.
In the past, officials used low-flying airplanes to watch for moose on the ground to get their count.But rules from the city’s airport now prevent such flights, so Alaska’s Department of Fish and Game is experimenting with a new method for counting the city’s moose.The researchers are trying to collect genetic material called DNA from moose.They say this will allow them to get a more accurate(精确的) result without having to catch them.
Biologists sought help from the public during their three-day project last month.They asked people to call or send text messages to report when they saw a moose.Teams of moose hunters then quickly drove to the areas.The teams shot the moose with special darts(飞镖) designed to get small pieces of skin and hair.The darts were weighted so that they could fall off the moose and then the material could be collected.The skin and fur were then taken to a laboratory to be studied.Researchers say the darts do not hurt the animals.
Biologist Dave Battle led the project.“There’s really been no technique up until now.And it’s something we’ve been beating our brains out to work on for the last couple of years，” he said.
Battle says the technology is allowing officials to improve their knowledge and management of the moose population in the Anchorage area.But he adds that it will take some time to study the DNA material to come up with specific numbers.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。在美国的阿拉斯加，生活着大量的驼鹿，如何计算驼鹿的数量一直是个难题。现在，人们尝试用DNA掌握驼鹿的数量。
5．What can be inferred from the underlined part in Paragraph 2?
A．The city is known for its special moose.
B．The process of counting the moose is not easy.
C．The number of the moose in the city is increasing.
D．The officials regard the moose as a serious city problem.
B 解析：推理判断题。画线句句意：官员们想要知道驼鹿的数量，但是问题是这些动物一直在移动，而且这个城市总共有五万多平方公里。因此可推测，数驼鹿这个过程不容易。
6．Why do researchers collect DNA from the moose?
A．To study their movements.
B．To get the number of the moose.
C．To drive away the moose in the city.
D．To work out ways of making them live longer.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的so Alaska’s Department of Fish and Game...They say this will allow them to get a more accurate(精确的) result without having to catch them.可知，研究者采集驼鹿的DNA主要是想得到他们的数量。
7．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?
A．The reasons for studying the moose.
B．The purposes of counting the moose.
C．The way of collecting genetic material from the moose.
D．The value of studying genetic material from the moose.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据文章第四段可知，人们用飞镖射击驼鹿，采集皮和毛送去实验室研究，所以可知，本段主要讲述了采集驼鹿基因物质的具体方法。
8．What can we know about the project led by Battle?
A．It didn’t do any harm to the moose.
B．It cost lots of money and time.
C．It was based on a previous technique.
D．It was strongly supported by the public.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句和第四段的Researchers say the darts do not hurt the animals.可知，这个项目不会对驼鹿有任何伤害。
完形填空
Do you remember the last time you spoke to your mother？And do you remember the last time you __1__ how much you love her?
I __2__ say the most used three words “I Love You” to my parents because saying that to them face to face always makes me __3__．However, the situation __4__ the moment I learned about my mother’s __5__．In November 2017, it was confirmed(证实) that my mother had stage 3 breast cancer.I knew there was little __6__ of beating this illness.
However, we didn’t stop.We __7__ all her doctor’s advice.She __8__ the process of the chemical treatment.But the cancer isn’t __9__ to beat.It took all of my mother’s will and desire to get well.
For two years, she continued to __10__ against the disease.All through her journey, different people were there to __11__ her in any way they could—financially, mentally, and even materially.I’ve seen __12__ these people became part of her life.Whenever my mom __13__ giving up, they would try to uplift her spiritually.I’m really __14__ for their generosity.
A few days ago, my mother lost her __15__．Her body had given up and became __16__．It wasn’t easy to accept the fact.But I knew it wasn’t too late to __17__ all the things a mother had done to her __18__．Most of us can’t notice their love until they aren’t around us anymore.
I will __19__ my mom forever.It has only been less than nine days since she left us, __20__ I’m sure that she knows my feelings all the time.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的母亲由于乳腺癌去世了，只有在母亲去世之后，作者才更深刻地体会到母亲对他的爱，以及他对母亲无限的思念。
1．A.discovered B．expressed
C．discussed D．proved
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处表达你还记得上一次你对母亲说你爱她是什么时候吗？
2．A.seldom B．frequently
C．formally D．slightly
A 解析：根据下文可知，作者很少对父母说“我爱你”。
3．A.disappointed B．proud
C．excited D．shy
D 解析：根据语境可推测，作者不说这三个字的原因是面对面对父母说“我爱你”会让他很害羞。
4．A.appeared B．existed
C．changed D．developed
C 解析：但是在母亲被诊断患有乳腺癌之后，这个状况改变了。
5．A.disease B．story
C．experience D．expectation
A 解析：根据后文可知，母亲患病了，所以可推测，此处表达在知道了母亲的病之后，他做出了改变。
6．A.chance B．evidence
C．news D．time
A 解析：根据上文my mother had stage 3 breast cancer可推测，战胜这种疾病的几率小。
7．A.misunderstood B．followed
C．ignored D．compared
B 解析：follow the doctor’s advice听从医生的建议。
8．A.searched for B．dealt with
C．worked out D．went through
D 解析：此处意为“母亲经历了化疗的过程”。go through“经历”。
9．A.easy B．cheap
C．convenient D．necessary
A 解析：由But可知，此处表达癌症是不容易打败的。
10．A.compete B．knock
C．fight D．go
C 解析：根据语境可知，此处指在两年的时间里，母亲继续和疾病斗争。
11．A.educate B．support
C．judge D．pity
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处指在母亲和疾病斗争的过程中，许多人给予了支持。
12．A.how B．why
C．when D．where
A 解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者亲眼见证了人们是如何成为她生活中的一部分。
13．A.felt like B．kept on
C．put off D．objected to
A 解析：根据语境可知，此处指每当母亲想要放弃的时候，他们都会在精神上鼓舞她。
14．A.anxious B．thankful
C．shameful D．sorry
B 解析：根据上文可知，人们给予母亲各种各样的帮助，对此作者非常感激。
15．A.balance B．courage
C．battle D．heart
C 解析：根据下文Her body had given up可知，此处指母亲在这场战争中输掉了，没有战胜病魔。
16．A.weaker B．relaxed
C．tired D．healthier
A 解析：根据Her body had given up可推测，母亲的身体变得虚弱。
17．A.admire B．forgive
C．celebrate D．appreciate
D 解析：母亲的身体在变得虚弱，大家很难接受这个事实，但是作者知道感激母亲为他们所做的一切还不是太晚。
18．A.neighbors B．children
C．friends D．parents
B 解析：根据前面的a mother had done to可知，此处是表达母亲为孩子们所做的事。
19．A.worry B．promise
C．remind D．miss
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者会永远想念他的母亲。
20．A.although B．because
C．but D．if
C 解析：根据语境可知，此处是说虽然母亲永远地离开了，但是作者确定母亲会一直知道他的感受。空格前后存在逻辑上的转折关系，所以用连词but连接。
课件49张PPT。Unit 2 The Olympic Games按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
品句填词
1．The cultural relics help us learn more about how people lived in ancient(古代的) China.
2．Regular(定期的) exercise is one of the most important habits that you need to form.
3．Do you know how many athletes(运动员) from around the world competed in the 2016 Olympic Games?
4．The coach will select top athletes and replace(替换) the injured with them.
5．Nowadays(如今) people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
6．To my surprise, he gave me a swift(迅速的) reply to the question.
7．I think an expression of thanks to our host(主办方) would be in place.
8．I’ll go back to my homeland(祖国) sometime in the future.
9．The school’s motto(校训) is：“Duty, Honour, Country”．
10．The slave(奴隶) escaped and became a free man.
完成句子
1．史密斯教授在科学界发挥重要的作用。
Professor Smith plays__an__important__role__in the scientific world.
2．三年后，他们终于到达了现在被称为中国的地方。
Three years later，they finally arrived in what__is__now__called China.
3．正是在上届奥运会上他获得了三枚金牌。
It__was in the last Olympic Games that he won three gold medals.
4．约翰的父母不同意让他成立公司，他的妻子也不同意。
John’s parents didn’t agree to let him set up a company，nor did__his__wife．
5．这对善良的夫妇不仅为无家可归的人提供食物，还为他们募捐。
The kind-hearted couple not__only provided food for the homeless, but__also collected money for them.
6．在运动员之间，参加奥运会的竞争和赢得奥运会奖牌的竞争一样激烈。
There’s as__much competition among athletes to take part in the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
课文语法填空
As we all know, the Olympic Games are held every four years on 1.a regular basis.There are two main sets of Games in modern society—the Winter and the Summer Olympics.The former is 2.usually(usual) held two years before the latter.Only athletes who have reached the 3.agreed(agree) standard for their event will be admitted as 4.competitors(compete)．There are more than 250 sports, including running races, horse riding, swimming and so on.Athletes live in 5.what we call the Olympic village.The motto of the Olympic Games is “Swifter, 6.Higher(high) and Stronger.”Every country looks forward to 7.holding(hold) the Olympic Games, because it is not only a great responsibility but also a great honour 8.to__be__chosen(choose)．There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics 9.as to win Olympic medals.There are many volunteers working for the Olympics in modern society.
The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing and the 2012 Olympics in London.A new village and all the stadiums 10.will__be__built(build) for the great Games.
单句语法填空
1．David was on holiday in Greece(Greek) together with his family last month.
2．It’s reported that more than 10，000 competitors(compete) joined in the big race.
3．There are lots of encouraging mottoes/mottos(motto) on the walls in our classroom.
4．The young Chinese man won two gold medals(medal) in the last Olympic Games.
5．The university students longed to be chosen as volunteers(volunteer) for the Asian Games.
6．Though Jane and Mary went to different cities，they decided to meet regularly(regular)．
7．Something magical(magic) happened when Peter met Miss Lee, who was walking a lovely dog.
8．When our friends are faced with difficulties, it is our responsibility(responsible) to give them a hand.
9．It was when we were returning home that I realized that I had left my key at the office.
10．Tom admitted cheating/having__cheated(cheat) in the examination and he was not admitted to the school at last.
阅读理解
A
Anjali Mishra is a rising junior at Sunset High School in Portland, Oregon. At 17, she is president and founder of her school’s UNICEF(United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund) USA club, and a member of UNICEF’s national council(委员会)．She also volunteers her time in different communities.
How did Anjali develop such a passion(热情) for helping others？When she was a freshman, she had an experience that greatly changed her attitude.She was invited to a cousin’s wedding(婚礼) in India.
“My mom kind of forced me to go，” Anjali says.“When I saw children on the street, I realized how lucky I was as a child.I was able to get whatever I wanted, and my every need was satisfied.”
Anjali asked herself: “What can I do to help？UNICEF stood out to me because it’s always on the front lines helping children in need.”
After starting a UNICEF club at her school, Anjali noticed that the community responded actively.She took things a step further by applying to UNICEF’s national council.
“UNICEF really liked my work，” she says.“Out of 3，000 applicants, they chose 6 high school students to be on the national council, and I was one of them．”
As a member of the council, Anjali helps organize high school UNICEF clubs around the country and provide resources so that the clubs can manage themselves.
The teen also founded an organization called “Activists United”. Members educate people on the dangers of guns.Anjali encourages other kids to start local clubs and organizations, too.“It takes a lot of effort, but you can get it done if you’re passionate，” she says.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Anjali虽然只是一名中学生，但她有一颗善良博爱的心，积极投身慈善事业，帮助贫苦儿童。
1．Why did Anjali go to India?
A．To be a volunteer.
B．To see her mother.
C．To spend a holiday.
D．To attend a wedding.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的She was invited to a cousin’s wedding(婚礼) in India.可知，她应邀去印度参加一场婚礼。
2．What has led Anjali to set up the UNICEF USA club?
A．Her mother’s suggestion.
B．Her volunteer experience.
C．The situation faced by poor children.
D．The encouragement from her cousin.
C 解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的When I saw children on the street...my every need was satisfied和第四段中的What can I do to help？UNICEF stood out to me可推断，Anjali看到了街头孩子们的艰难处境，她想为他们做些什么，进而想到了联合国儿童基金会。
3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A．3，000 applicants.
B．UNICEF officers.
C．6 high school students.
D．Founders of UNICEF’s national council.
C 解析：代词指代题。由倒数第三段可知，当时申请联合国儿童基金会国家委员会成员的人有三千个，有六名高中生申请成功，Anjali便是其(这六名高中生)中之一。
4．What does the organization “Activists United” do?
A．It educates people on gun safety.
B．It raises money for children in need.
C．It helps kids start local organizations.
D．It provides support for UNICEF clubs.
A 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的．..“Activists United”. Members educate people on the dangers of guns.可知，这个组织的成员教人们认识枪支的危险。
B
I come from a family that loves sports.My father coaches Little League baseball.My mother swims nearly every weekend. My brother is on his high-school basketball team, and I am the best hitter on my middle-school volleyball team.All of us have benefited(受益) from sports.One of the most common ways for kids to take part in sports is to join a team. Joining a sports team should be a school requirement.
Playing sports is good for both the body and mind.Everyone knows that exercise helps people stay fit.For example, swimming helps your heart work better and it also helps build muscle strength(肌肉力量)．In addition, school athletes often have a healthy diet.I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables and avoid fatty foods because I must stay in great condition.
Being on a team allows students to enjoy a healthier social life.They often make more friends and can be some of the most popular kids in school. Since joining the basketball team, my brother has made friends with a lot of his teammates and has showed more interest in spending time with them.
Kids who take part in school teams sometimes earn college scholarships(奖学金)．My brother’s friend, Justin, played football in high school.His family did not have money to send him to college.However, a college invited him to play on its team.The college is paying for him to go to school.Joining a team turned out to be one of the best decisions he had ever made.Now he studies at a great college and plays on its football team.Not every school athlete gets a college scholarship, but joining a school team makes it possible.
Although some people may not like the idea of forcing students to join a school team, its many benefits such as keeping kids healthy, new friendships, and possible scholarships cannot be denied(否认)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，学校应该规定学生必须加入校运动队。
5．What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 2?
A．Joining a school team has health benefits.
B．Students should spend more time exercising.
C．Swimming is an excellent sport for students.
D．School athletes must try to eat a healthy diet.
A 解析：段落大意题。细读第二段内容可知，本段主要讨论的是加入校队对学生健康有益。
6．How did the author’s brother change after joining the team?
A．He had a busier life.
B．He got more chances.
C．He worked much harder.
D．He became more sociable.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的Since joining the basketball team, my brother has made friends with a lot of his teammates and has showed more interest in spending time with them.可知，作者的哥哥加入篮球队之后，变得更加喜欢交际。
7．What can we infer about Justin?
A．He is a good football player.
B．He will be given a scholarship.
C．He is managing a school team.
D．He comes from a wealthy family.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的However, a college invited him to play on its team.和Now he studies at a great college and plays on its football team.可知，Justin是一名优秀的足球运动员。
8．What is the author’s attitude to making students join school teams?
A．He doubts it.
B．He is in support of it.
C．He is worried about it.
D．He pays little attention to it.
B 解析：观点态度题。作者在首段和末段都明确表达了自己希望学校要求学生加入校运动队的观点。
七选五
Besides offering world-class education, Denmark is also a great place to live.When you arrive in Denmark, you will probably notice the relaxing atmosphere—a lot of Danes ride bikes on the street and most of them have a smile on their face.1.________ However, if you follow local habits, such as cycling to school and eating at home, your living costs in Denmark will not be too high.
Finding a student job in Denmark is not always easy if you don’t speak Danish.But don’t worry.You can find one in bars, restaurants and workplaces that require special foreign language skills.2.________
Danish cities are among the most bicycle-friendly places in the world.More than a third of Copenhageners go to work or school by bike all year round！3.________ So on the weekend, ride your bike and combine an afternoon in the city with a sunset by the coast.
4．________ Thirty years of focused energy policy has made Denmark a world leader in renewable energy technology. Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world.
International surveys show that Denmark is commonly considered as the “happiest” country in the world.This, of course, does not mean that Danes are constantly cheering in the streets.5.________They enjoy a balanced work life with the opportunity to achieve personal goals in life.
A．Danes often enjoy weekend trips on bicycles.
B．A clean environment is important to Danes.
C．You will find it not hard to get around in Denmark.
D．You may also find that living in Denmark is not so cheap.
E．Courses on Danish are taught at several universities around the world.
F．It means that Danes enjoy a very high level of satisfaction with life.
G．Some students are lucky enough to find employment related to their studies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了留学生在丹麦找工作的情况以及丹麦人的生活理念等。
1．D 解析：此空设于段中，与后文存在逻辑上的转折关系。根据后文中的However和your living costs in Denmark will not be too high可推测，此句讲在丹麦的生活成本并不低。
2．G 解析：此空设于段尾，对本段第二句进行解释。本段第一句讲如果不懂丹麦语在丹麦很难找到工作，接着第二句说不用担心，后面两句对第二句进行解释，因为你可以在酒吧、饭店等找到需要外语的一些工作，有的学生甚至足够幸运能找到与他们学习有关的工作。
3．A 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句，与上下文相呼应。本段前文讲丹麦人很喜欢骑自行车，而后文也是建议大家在周末骑上自行车去海边看日落，所以可推测，此句与周末骑自行车有关。
4．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。根据后文丹麦人很注重可再生能源科技，并且哥本哈根是世界上最爱骑自行车的城市之一可知，本段的主题是丹麦的环境。
5．F 解析：此空设于段中，与第一句存在逻辑上的指代关系。此句和前一句都是对第一句进行解释，此句中的It和前一句的This都指代的是第一句描述的丹麦被认为是世界上最幸福的国家这个事实。
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
compete vi.竞争；比赛
(教材P9)How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games?
古代奥运会有多少个国家参加？
(1)compete in 参加……比赛
compete with/against...for... 为……同……竞争
(2)competitor n. 竞争者
competition n. 竞争；比赛
competitive adj. 竞争的，比赛的；有竞争力的
①My son was selected to compete in the Olympic Games.
我儿子被选拔出来参加奥运会。
②Only by competing with/against each other can we make great progress in our study.
只有相互竞争，我们才能在学习上取得巨大进步。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The two players competed with each other for a gold medal.
②More than 1，000 competitors took part in the competition to compete for the first prize.(compete)
③No one can entirely keep away from the competitive (compete) world.
[链接写作]——高考小作文
④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)我写信邀请你参加中国的剪纸艺术展。
I’m writing to_invite_you_to_compete_in Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition.
take part in 参加；参与
(教材P9)Who could not take part in the ancient Olympic Games?
谁不能参加古代奥运会？
take an active part in 积极参加……
play a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色
①Many athletes are dreaming of taking part in the Olympic Games and winning gold medals for their homeland.
许多运动员梦想着参加奥运会，为他们的祖国争夺金牌。
②Nowadays women are taking an active part in social activities.
妇女现在正积极参加社会活动。
[链接写作]——高考小作文
(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)欢迎对这项活动感兴趣的学生参加。
Any student who is interested in this activity is_welcome_to_take_part．
(1)后面不接宾语时，不用加介词in。
(2)part前有形容词修饰时，须加不定冠词。
stand for 代表；象征；表示；主张
(教材P9)What do the five rings on the Olympic flag stand for？ 奥运旗帜上的五环代表什么？
stand (doing) sth. 忍受(做)某事
stand sb./sth.doing sth. 容忍某人/某物做某事
stand by 袖手旁观；支持(某人)
①As we all know, our national flag stands for our country.
众所周知， 我们的国旗代表我们的祖国。
②I stand for freedom of speech for everyone.
我主张人人都有言论自由。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The letters USA stand for the United States of America．
②Don’t lose heart; all your friends will stand by you.
③I can’t stand you making(make) so much noise any longer.
volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵
adj.志愿的；义务的 vt.& vi.自愿
(教材P9)He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.
他现在正在采访一位名叫李艳的2008年奥运会志愿者。
(1)volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
volunteer for sth. 自愿做某事
volunteer as sth. 自愿担任
(2)voluntary adj. 自愿的
①The girl replaced her brother as a volunteer to take part in the sports event.
女孩代替哥哥成为志愿者参加了这项体育赛事。
②The couple often volunteer to take part in activities helping those in trouble.
这对夫妇经常自愿参加帮助有困难的人的活动。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We need some volunteers(volunteer) to rescue the trapped workers.
②As is shown in the picture, one person is asking the other to do some voluntary(volunteer) work.
③The businessman volunteered to_set(set) up a school for poor people.
regular adj.规则的；定期的；常规的
(教材P10)There are two main sets of Games—the Winter and the Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis.
奥运会主要有两种：冬季奥运会和夏季奥运会。这两种运动会都是每四年定期举行一次。
(1)on a regular basis 定期地
make a regular visit to sb. 定期看望某人
a regular job 固定工作
(2)irregular adj. 无规则的；不定期的
regularly adv. 定期地
①In my free time, I’ll continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and all kinds of ball games.
在我的业余时间，我将继续做常规训练，诸如游泳、跑步和各种各样的球类运动。
②The former president is now a regular visitor to the club.
前总统现在是俱乐部的常客。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We used to see each other regularly(regular), but I haven’t heard from him since last year.
[链接写作]——完成句子
②As we all know, regular_medical_examinations(定期体检) will help us find out health problems as early as possible.
admit vi.& vt.容许；承认；接纳，容纳
(教材P10)Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. 只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。
(1)be admitted as... 作为……被接受
be admitted into/to... 被录取；被接收
(2)admit sb./sth. as/to be... 承认某人为/是……
admit doing/having done/that... 承认做了……
(3)admission n. 允许进入；入场费
①As far as I know, he was admitted as a member of the club. 据我所知，他被接纳为俱乐部成员。
②She was admitted to Peking University in 2017, which made her parents very happy.
2017年她被北大录取了，这使得她的父母非常高兴。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Finally the thief admitted stealing/having_stolen(steal) the valuable painting.
②Finally the thief admitted that he had stolen the valuable painting.
③Admission(admit) to British universities depends on examination results.
as well 也；又；还(副词性短语)
(教材P10)For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.
每届运动会都有一个特殊的村庄(奥运村)供参赛的人住，一个主要的接待大楼，好几个供比赛用的体育场，还有一个室内体育馆。
(1)may/might as well 还是……为好；不妨……
(2)as well as 也，还(连接两个主语时，谓语动词与as well as
前的主语在人称和数上保持一致)
①He was selected to take part in the Olympic Games as well. 他也被选去参加奥运会。
②We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and cultures of other countries.
我们不仅可以更多地了解伟人的生活，而且可以了解其他国家的历史和文化。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Many students as well as Tom were(be) present at the meeting.
[链接写作]——完成句子
②Now that you have a good chance, you may/might_as_well_make_full_use_of(不妨充分利用) it.
responsibility n．责任；职责
(教材P10)It’s a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen.
被选中(举办奥运会)不仅要承担巨大的责任，同时也享有极大的荣誉。
(1)a sense of responsibility 责任感
take responsibility for 对……负责
(2)responsible adj. 负责任的
be responsible for 对……负责
This will help them build up a sense of responsibility since young.
这将有助于帮助他们从小建立责任感。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Parents are responsible(responsibility) for their children’s safety.
[链接写作]——完成句子
②You are in charge of the company, so you should take_responsibility_for(对……负责) what you said.
replace vt.取代；替换；替代；放回原处
(教材P10)So even the olive wreath has been replaced！ 所以说，就连橄榄枝花环也被取代了！
replace...＝take the place of... 代替……
replace...with/by... 用……替换……
①It’s not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks.
不吃正餐，而用零食替代正餐不是什么好主意。
②After reading the book, the girl replaced it on the shelf.
读完这本书后，这个女孩把书放回到书架上。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Teachers will never be_replaced(replace) by computers in the classroom.
[链接写作]——一句多译
找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。
②It would be difficult to find a man to_replace the present manager.
③It would be difficult to find a man to_take_the_place_of the present manager.
what引导的宾语从句
(教材P9)I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.
我生活在你们所说的“古希腊”。我曾写过很久以前的奥运会的情况。
what you call “Ancient Greece”是what引导的宾语从句，它在句中充当介词in的宾语。what在从句中作call的宾语，意为“……的地方”。
①In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America．
1492年哥伦布到达了现在被称作美洲大陆的地方。
②As we all know, we live in what is called Information Age. 众所周知， 我们生活在所谓的信息时代。
[链接写作]——一句多译
最后我们来到了被称为“西藏”的地方。
①At last we came to what is called “Tibet”．
②At last we came to a place that/which is called “Tibet”．
强调句型
(教材P10)It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports. 在夏季奥运会上有赛跑、游泳、帆船运动和所有的团体项目。
(1)强调句型的基本结构：
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他部分．
(2)强调句的一般疑问句：
Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他部分？
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子的其他部分？
①It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday.
昨天，他正是在这家商店买的这本书。
②It was yesterday that he bought the book in this shop.
他是昨天在这家商店买的这本书。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It was not until he came back that I knew the truth.
②Where was it that the road accident happened yesterday?
[链接写作]——句式升级
③(普通表达)I wonder if Mr.Smith was very angry because I was careless.
(高级表达)I wonder if it_was_because_I_was_careless_that Mr.Smith was very angry.(强调句型)
not only...but (also)...不仅……而且……
(教材P10)Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics，team sports and...
妇女不仅允许参赛，而且还在体操、竞技和团体运动等比赛项目中起着非常重要的作用……
(1)句中“not only...but...”结构意为“不仅……而且……”，其中but后省略了also。
(2)not only...but (also)...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。
①The sun gives us not only light but also heat.
太阳给我们提供光与热。
②The British and the Americans not only speak the same language but (also) share a large number of social customs.
英国人和美国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的社会风俗习惯。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Not only the students but also the teacher is(be) against the plan.
[链接写作]——句型转换
②Tom and Mary as well as I are fond of the music.
→Not_only I but_also Tom and Mary are fond of the music.
品句填词
1．The cultural relics help us learn more about how people lived in ancient(古代的) China.
2．Regular(定期的) exercise is one of the most important habits that you need to form.
3．Do you know how many athletes(运动员) from around the world competed in the 2016 Olympic Games?
4．The coach will select top athletes and replace(替换) the injured with them.
5．Nowadays(如今) people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
6．To my surprise, he gave me a swift(迅速的) reply to the question.
7．I think an expression of thanks to our host(主办方) would be in place.
8．I’ll go back to my homeland(祖国) sometime in the future.
9．The school’s motto(校训) is：“Duty, Honour, Country”．
10．The slave(奴隶) escaped and became a free man.
完成句子
1．史密斯教授在科学界发挥重要的作用。
Professor Smith plays__an__important__role__in the scientific world.
2．三年后，他们终于到达了现在被称为中国的地方。
Three years later，they finally arrived in what__is__now__called China.
3．正是在上届奥运会上他获得了三枚金牌。
It__was in the last Olympic Games that he won three gold medals.
4．约翰的父母不同意让他成立公司，他的妻子也不同意。
John’s parents didn’t agree to let him set up a company，nor did__his__wife．
5．这对善良的夫妇不仅为无家可归的人提供食物，还为他们募捐。
The kind-hearted couple not__only provided food for the homeless, but__also collected money for them.
6．在运动员之间，参加奥运会的竞争和赢得奥运会奖牌的竞争一样激烈。
There’s as__much competition among athletes to take part in the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
课文语法填空
As we all know, the Olympic Games are held every four years on 1.a regular basis.There are two main sets of Games in modern society—the Winter and the Summer Olympics.The former is 2.usually(usual) held two years before the latter.Only athletes who have reached the 3.agreed(agree) standard for their event will be admitted as 4.competitors(compete)．There are more than 250 sports, including running races, horse riding, swimming and so on.Athletes live in 5.what we call the Olympic village.The motto of the Olympic Games is “Swifter, 6.Higher(high) and Stronger.”Every country looks forward to 7.holding(hold) the Olympic Games, because it is not only a great responsibility but also a great honour 8.to__be__chosen(choose)．There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics 9.as to win Olympic medals.There are many volunteers working for the Olympics in modern society.
The 2008 Olympics will be held in Beijing and the 2012 Olympics in London.A new village and all the stadiums 10.will__be__built(build) for the great Games.
单句语法填空
1．David was on holiday in Greece(Greek) together with his family last month.
2．It’s reported that more than 10，000 competitors(compete) joined in the big race.
3．There are lots of encouraging mottoes/mottos(motto) on the walls in our classroom.
4．The young Chinese man won two gold medals(medal) in the last Olympic Games.
5．The university students longed to be chosen as volunteers(volunteer) for the Asian Games.
6．Though Jane and Mary went to different cities，they decided to meet regularly(regular)．
7．Something magical(magic) happened when Peter met Miss Lee, who was walking a lovely dog.
8．When our friends are faced with difficulties, it is our responsibility(responsible) to give them a hand.
9．It was when we were returning home that I realized that I had left my key at the office.
10．Tom admitted cheating/having__cheated(cheat) in the examination and he was not admitted to the school at last.
阅读理解
A
Anjali Mishra is a rising junior at Sunset High School in Portland, Oregon. At 17, she is president and founder of her school’s UNICEF(United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund) USA club, and a member of UNICEF’s national council(委员会)．She also volunteers her time in different communities.
How did Anjali develop such a passion(热情) for helping others？When she was a freshman, she had an experience that greatly changed her attitude.She was invited to a cousin’s wedding(婚礼) in India.
“My mom kind of forced me to go，” Anjali says.“When I saw children on the street, I realized how lucky I was as a child.I was able to get whatever I wanted, and my every need was satisfied.”
Anjali asked herself: “What can I do to help？UNICEF stood out to me because it’s always on the front lines helping children in need.”
After starting a UNICEF club at her school, Anjali noticed that the community responded actively.She took things a step further by applying to UNICEF’s national council.
“UNICEF really liked my work，” she says.“Out of 3，000 applicants, they chose 6 high school students to be on the national council, and I was one of them．”
As a member of the council, Anjali helps organize high school UNICEF clubs around the country and provide resources so that the clubs can manage themselves.
The teen also founded an organization called “Activists United”. Members educate people on the dangers of guns.Anjali encourages other kids to start local clubs and organizations, too.“It takes a lot of effort, but you can get it done if you’re passionate，” she says.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Anjali虽然只是一名中学生，但她有一颗善良博爱的心，积极投身慈善事业，帮助贫苦儿童。
1．Why did Anjali go to India?
A．To be a volunteer.
B．To see her mother.
C．To spend a holiday.
D．To attend a wedding.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的She was invited to a cousin’s wedding(婚礼) in India.可知，她应邀去印度参加一场婚礼。
2．What has led Anjali to set up the UNICEF USA club?
A．Her mother’s suggestion.
B．Her volunteer experience.
C．The situation faced by poor children.
D．The encouragement from her cousin.
C 解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的When I saw children on the street...my every need was satisfied和第四段中的What can I do to help？UNICEF stood out to me可推断，Anjali看到了街头孩子们的艰难处境，她想为他们做些什么，进而想到了联合国儿童基金会。
3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A．3，000 applicants.
B．UNICEF officers.
C．6 high school students.
D．Founders of UNICEF’s national council.
C 解析：代词指代题。由倒数第三段可知，当时申请联合国儿童基金会国家委员会成员的人有三千个，有六名高中生申请成功，Anjali便是其(这六名高中生)中之一。
4．What does the organization “Activists United” do?
A．It educates people on gun safety.
B．It raises money for children in need.
C．It helps kids start local organizations.
D．It provides support for UNICEF clubs.
A 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的．..“Activists United”. Members educate people on the dangers of guns.可知，这个组织的成员教人们认识枪支的危险。
B
I come from a family that loves sports.My father coaches Little League baseball.My mother swims nearly every weekend. My brother is on his high-school basketball team, and I am the best hitter on my middle-school volleyball team.All of us have benefited(受益) from sports.One of the most common ways for kids to take part in sports is to join a team. Joining a sports team should be a school requirement.
Playing sports is good for both the body and mind.Everyone knows that exercise helps people stay fit.For example, swimming helps your heart work better and it also helps build muscle strength(肌肉力量)．In addition, school athletes often have a healthy diet.I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables and avoid fatty foods because I must stay in great condition.
Being on a team allows students to enjoy a healthier social life.They often make more friends and can be some of the most popular kids in school. Since joining the basketball team, my brother has made friends with a lot of his teammates and has showed more interest in spending time with them.
Kids who take part in school teams sometimes earn college scholarships(奖学金)．My brother’s friend, Justin, played football in high school.His family did not have money to send him to college.However, a college invited him to play on its team.The college is paying for him to go to school.Joining a team turned out to be one of the best decisions he had ever made.Now he studies at a great college and plays on its football team.Not every school athlete gets a college scholarship, but joining a school team makes it possible.
Although some people may not like the idea of forcing students to join a school team, its many benefits such as keeping kids healthy, new friendships, and possible scholarships cannot be denied(否认)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者认为，学校应该规定学生必须加入校运动队。
5．What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 2?
A．Joining a school team has health benefits.
B．Students should spend more time exercising.
C．Swimming is an excellent sport for students.
D．School athletes must try to eat a healthy diet.
A 解析：段落大意题。细读第二段内容可知，本段主要讨论的是加入校队对学生健康有益。
6．How did the author’s brother change after joining the team?
A．He had a busier life.
B．He got more chances.
C．He worked much harder.
D．He became more sociable.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的Since joining the basketball team, my brother has made friends with a lot of his teammates and has showed more interest in spending time with them.可知，作者的哥哥加入篮球队之后，变得更加喜欢交际。
7．What can we infer about Justin?
A．He is a good football player.
B．He will be given a scholarship.
C．He is managing a school team.
D．He comes from a wealthy family.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的However, a college invited him to play on its team.和Now he studies at a great college and plays on its football team.可知，Justin是一名优秀的足球运动员。
8．What is the author’s attitude to making students join school teams?
A．He doubts it.
B．He is in support of it.
C．He is worried about it.
D．He pays little attention to it.
B 解析：观点态度题。作者在首段和末段都明确表达了自己希望学校要求学生加入校运动队的观点。
七选五
Besides offering world-class education, Denmark is also a great place to live.When you arrive in Denmark, you will probably notice the relaxing atmosphere—a lot of Danes ride bikes on the street and most of them have a smile on their face.1.________ However, if you follow local habits, such as cycling to school and eating at home, your living costs in Denmark will not be too high.
Finding a student job in Denmark is not always easy if you don’t speak Danish.But don’t worry.You can find one in bars, restaurants and workplaces that require special foreign language skills.2.________
Danish cities are among the most bicycle-friendly places in the world.More than a third of Copenhageners go to work or school by bike all year round！3.________ So on the weekend, ride your bike and combine an afternoon in the city with a sunset by the coast.
4．________ Thirty years of focused energy policy has made Denmark a world leader in renewable energy technology. Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world.
International surveys show that Denmark is commonly considered as the “happiest” country in the world.This, of course, does not mean that Danes are constantly cheering in the streets.5.________They enjoy a balanced work life with the opportunity to achieve personal goals in life.
A．Danes often enjoy weekend trips on bicycles.
B．A clean environment is important to Danes.
C．You will find it not hard to get around in Denmark.
D．You may also find that living in Denmark is not so cheap.
E．Courses on Danish are taught at several universities around the world.
F．It means that Danes enjoy a very high level of satisfaction with life.
G．Some students are lucky enough to find employment related to their studies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了留学生在丹麦找工作的情况以及丹麦人的生活理念等。
1．D 解析：此空设于段中，与后文存在逻辑上的转折关系。根据后文中的However和your living costs in Denmark will not be too high可推测，此句讲在丹麦的生活成本并不低。
2．G 解析：此空设于段尾，对本段第二句进行解释。本段第一句讲如果不懂丹麦语在丹麦很难找到工作，接着第二句说不用担心，后面两句对第二句进行解释，因为你可以在酒吧、饭店等找到需要外语的一些工作，有的学生甚至足够幸运能找到与他们学习有关的工作。
3．A 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句，与上下文相呼应。本段前文讲丹麦人很喜欢骑自行车，而后文也是建议大家在周末骑上自行车去海边看日落，所以可推测，此句与周末骑自行车有关。
4．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。根据后文丹麦人很注重可再生能源科技，并且哥本哈根是世界上最爱骑自行车的城市之一可知，本段的主题是丹麦的环境。
5．F 解析：此空设于段中，与第一句存在逻辑上的指代关系。此句和前一句都是对第一句进行解释，此句中的It和前一句的This都指代的是第一句描述的丹麦被认为是世界上最幸福的国家这个事实。
课件55张PPT。Unit 2 The Olympic Games按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
品句填词
1．She stood there for a few minutes bargaining(讨价还价) with the farmer for his vegetables.
2．We tried to stop the flames from spreading, but we knew it was hopeless(没有希望的)．
3．One study found that sleeping after learning something new actually causes physical(身体的) changes in the brain.
4．I’d like to get the job advertised(广告) in the morning newspaper.
5．There is a poster(海报) of Taylor Swift, a famous star, hanging in Lily’s bedroom.
6．The doctor in__charge told us that our father was recovering from his illness day by day.
7．I have learned from the meaningful book that every life is valuable and deserves(值得) respect.
8．It’s foolish(愚蠢) of him not to admit his mistake in time.
9．I have a pain(疼痛) in my right shoulder all the time, which prevents me from writing.
10．You can always get a real bargain(便宜货) in that department store.
选词填空
take part in; stand for; be admitted as; as well; as a matter of fact; one after another; pick up; in charge
1．Susan picked__up the wallet on the ground and found that there were three credit cards in it.
2．Those naughty boys came into my office one__after__another with their heads down.
3．I hate the organization and all it stood__for．
4．Eric is very proud that he was__admitted__as a member of the school basketball team.
5．I know Jessica.As__a__matter__of__fact,__we have been good friends since primary school.
6．William took__part__in the competition last weekend and ended up winning second place.
7．Mr Brown came to help me clean the garden, and one of his neighbours came along as__well．
8．The man in__charge told me that they had decided to give up the project.
完成句子
1．海伦是如此生气以至于她把花瓶都扔在了地上。
Helen was so__angry__that she threw the vase on the ground.
2．亨利与老板达成一个协议：他只有上午来工厂工作。
Henry made__a__bargain__with his boss that he would come to the factory to work only in the morning.
3．在年轻人中，找工作和上大学的竞争一样大。
There is as__much__competition among the young people to find jobs as to go to college.
4．这位黑人运动员来自人们称为肯尼亚的地方。
The black athlete comes from what__people__call Kenya.
5．我们不但可以锻炼身体，而且还能对我们的传统文化有更好的理解。
We can not__only__take__exercise__but__also have a better understanding of our own traditional culture.
单句语法填空
1．It was foolish(fool) of you to leave the bike outdoors without locking it.
2．I felt lonely and hopeless(hope) yesterday, so I gave a call to my best friend to share my sadness with her.
3．Allen was__fined(fine) for dangerous driving and he regretted it very much.
4．People use technology so much that they are lazier(lazy) and less healthy than before.
5．Mr Potato Head, invented by George Lerner in 1949, became the first toy advertised(advertise) on television.
6．No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves(deserve) respect.
7．It’s said that more than 10，000 competitors(compete) from all over the world took part in the Olympic Games.
8．If you walk regularly(regular), it will be good for your heart and bones.
9．Let’s take responsibility(responsible) for building up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles.
10．As far as I know, Tom and Jenny will get married(marry) next month.
阅读理解
A
The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in 1896.A Frenchman, Baron de Coubertin, born in 1863, made it possible.When he was young, Coubertin had a strong interest in sports.As he grew older, he developed a belief that sports could bring people from all over the world together and encourage peace throughout the world.
Coubertin was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games.In order to persuade people to revive(使复兴) them, he traveled around the world, spending his own money.Eventually，with his hard work，in 1894，the Olympic Movement was begun.
But women were not allowed to take part in the modern Olympic Games at first.They didn’t begin to compete in the modern Olympic Games until 1900.For many years there were problems for the women athletes about what to wear，because it was considered very rude to show any part of the body or even the shape of the body！Can you imagine women trying to run and jump covered from head to foot in clothes?
When Baron de Coubertin founded the Olympic Movement, he created the International Olympic Committee(the IOC) to supervise(监管) it in 1894.He himself served as its president for 29 years.There were at first 14 members，but the committee has now grown to over 130 members, all of whom must speak either French or English.
Members of the IOC choose the next venue for the Olympic Games，which must be a city rather than a country.Only one city from each country can bid(投标) and it usually takes many years to prepare, and of course only one city can be successful!
Each country has its own National Olympic Committee(NOC)．The NOCs represent their countries at the Olympic Games and select their own national teams.
The gold medals were solid gold until 1912，but now they are silver covered with a thin layer of gold.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。现代奥运会起始于1896年，顾拜旦是奥林匹克运动复兴者。现在让我们来了解一下现代奥运会吧。
1．Coubertin wanted to revive the Olympic Games probably because ________．
A．he was crazy about competing in some sports
B．he wanted to be remembered by people through it
C．he thought such events could make Athens famous
D．he thought such events could promote world peace
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，顾拜旦复兴奥运会是因为他认为这样的活动可以促进世界和平。
2．What problem did women athletes face when competing in the Olympic Games at first?
A．They didn’t want to show any body part.
B．They had difficulty in wearing properly.
C．They didn’t have enough free time to exercise.
D．They were hardly able to afford the sports clothes.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的For many years there were problems for the women athletes about what to wear, because it was considered very rude to show any part of the body or even the shape of the body！可知，刚开始时，女运动员参加奥运会会面临着装方面的难题。
3．The underlined word “venue” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”．
A．place B．time
C．president D．medal
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段的which must be a city rather than a country可知，这里是指举办奥运会的“地点”。
4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To introduce Baron de Coubertin to us.
B．To encourage us to watch the Olympic Games.
C．To help us know about the modern Olympic Games.
D．To describe the origin of the National Olympic Committee.
C 解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了与现代奥运会相关的一些信息，帮助我们了解现代奥运会。
B
The biggest soccer organization(组织) in the U．S. introduces new rules to make the sport safer.
The U．S. Soccer Federation announced that players in its teams who are 10 or younger are no longer allowed to head the ball. Players aged from 11 to 13 have limits(限制) on how often they can practice heading.
The new rules are set to stop kids from getting hurt because of a blow to the head that shakes the brain. Players may get headaches by heading the ball. Even worse, they may also get concussions(脑震荡), which will cause lasting brain damage(脑损伤)．
Heading the ball can be one of the most dangerous parts of soccer.Sometimes the force of hitting the ball with their heads gives players concussions. But more often, players receive concussions when they jump to head the ball and by accident knock heads with other players or fall and hit their heads on the grass.
“More concussions happen during the act of heading than any other action in soccer，” says Dr. Robert Cantu, an expert on brain damage.
So far, the new rules are only used by teams that are part of the U．S. Soccer Federation. But the group says it hopes more soccer teams will soon follow its example.
Former U．S. soccer star Brandi Chastain is one of the leaders of the activity to ban(禁止) heading among young soccer players. She welcomes the rule change but wants the rule to include all players under 14.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述为防止年轻足球运动员头部受伤，美国足球联合会颁布了新的法规禁止青少年球员进行头球。
5．The new rules are made to________．
A．keep young players from being hurt
B．teach young players how to practice heading
C．make the U．S. Soccer Federation more famous
D．encourage young players to improve their skills
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段的第一句可知，颁布新法规是为了避免青少年足球运动员因为头球而受伤。
6．What is Brandi Chastain’s attitude towards the new rules?
A．She is against them.
B．She supports them.
C．She is unsure about them.
D．She doesn’t care about them.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，Brandi Chastain不仅是这项足球新规定运动的领导者之一，她还希望能把“禁止头球”规定的实施范围扩大到所有14岁以下的青少年。由此可知，她对足球新规定持有肯定、支持的态度。
7．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．New rules in soccer.
B．How to protect young players.
C．Brain damage becomes more common.
D．The introduction of the U．S. Soccer Federation.
A 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述针对年轻足球运动员头部受伤的情况，美国足球联合会颁布了新的法规。
完形填空
Emmanuel Hilton is a 17-year-old student at Blackhawk High School in Chippewa Township，Pennsylvania.He was __1__ by his mother when she __2__ her baby was born without legs.“She didn’t like me because I was __3__，” Emmanuel told CBS of his __4__ in the Republic of the Congo.__5__，he was found in the corner of a street by a woman who took him to an orphanage(孤儿院)．He stayed there __6__ Michelle Hilton and her husband Gary adopted(收养) him and brought him to their __7__ in Pennsylvania.“I thought this kid just needed a __8__，” Michelle said.“And we were willing to __9__ him.It was not that __10__．”
Emmanuel knew he had no legs, but he didn’t __11__ his dream of being a soccer player.“I’ve always believed that someday I can play soccer，” Emmanuel said __12__．After Emmanuel moved to Pennsylvania, he __13__ a lot.He could not only speak English, but also play soccer as a goalie(守门员) on the soccer team at Blackhawk High School.He said he was worried at first that the other boys wouldn’t __14__ him, but the opposite was true.Emmanuel isn’t just a(n) __15__ teammate.Because of his __16__， all the other players also get inspired.
“The guys see Emmanuel moving and they feel embarrassed to __17__，” coach Bryan Vitali said.“He’s __18__ our expectations.Emmanuel reached the goal that no one thought was __19__．”“My life right now is brilliant.My teammates __20__ me, so I feel comfortable to be on the team，” Emmanuel said.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Emmanuel Hilton出生时因残疾而被母亲遗弃，被好心人收养后他不忘梦想，最终成了学校足球队的守门员。
1．A.looked after B．thrown away
C．brought up D．put aside
B 解析：根据下文的．..he was found in the corner of a street by a woman who took him to an orphanage(孤儿院)．可知，Emmanuel Hilton被母亲“遗弃”。
2．A.complained B．argued
C．discovered D．admitted
C 解析：根据语境可知，当Emmanuel Hilton的母亲“发现”她的孩子出生就没有腿时，她便遗弃了Emmanuel Hilton。
3．A.disabled B．naughty
C．impolite D．foolish
A 解析：根据上文的without legs可知，母亲不喜欢Emmanuel Hilton是因为他“残疾”。
4．A.goal B．birth
C．action D．idea
B 解析：根据上文的．..at Blackhawk High School in Chippewa Township, Pennsylvania.以及．..in the Republic of the Congo.可知，Emmanuel Hilton出生于刚果，最后被宾夕法尼亚州的一对夫妇收养。这里指Emmanuel Hilton对CBS谈到他的“出生”。
5．A.Disappointedly B．Actually
C．Surprisingly D．Fortunately
D 解析：根据下文的．..he was found in the corner of a street by a woman who took him to an orphanage(孤儿院)．可知，“幸运的是”，Emmanuel Hilton被一位女士在大街的角落发现，并送他去了一家孤儿院。
6．A.when B．if
C．until D．once
C 解析：根据语境可知， Emmanuel Hilton留在孤儿院“直到”Michelle Hilton和她的丈夫Gary收养了他。
7．A.company B．home
C．school D．office
B 解析：根据上下文内容可知，Michelle Hilton和她的丈夫Gary将Emmanuel Hilton带到他们在宾夕法尼亚州的“家”。
8．A.chance B．partner
C．doctor D．reason
A 解析：根据语境可知，Michelle Hilton认为Emmanuel Hilton这个孩子只是需要一个“机会”。
9．A.persuade B．help
C．educate D．warn
B 解析：根据语境可知，Michelle Hilton和她的丈夫Gary很愿意“帮助”Emmanuel Hilton。
10．A.dangerous B．boring
C．strange D．hard
D 解析：根据语境可知，Michelle Hilton和她的丈夫Gary认为帮助Emmanuel Hilton并没有那么“难”。
11．A.give up B．depend on
C．talk about D．insist on
A 解析：根据语境可知，Emmanuel Hilton知道自己没有腿，但是他并没有“放弃”想成为足球运动员的梦想。
12．A.worriedly B．embarrassedly
C．doubtfully D．confidently
D 解析：根据上文的I’ve always believed that someday I can play soccer可知，Emmanuel Hilton很“自信”。
13．A.invented B．understood
C．changed D．forgot
C 解析：根据下文的He could not only speak English，but also play soccer as a goalie(守门员) on the soccer team at Blackhawk High School.可知，自从Emmanuel Hilton搬到宾夕法尼亚州后，他“变化”很大。
14．A.notice B．accept
C．forgive D．remember
B 解析：根据语境可知，Emmanuel Hilton最初担心其他男孩子不会“接受”他。
15．A.excellent B．careless
C．poor D．shy
A 解析：根据上文的but the opposite was true以及下文的all the other players also get inspired可知，Emmanuel Hilton不仅仅是一个“优秀的”队员。
16．A.duty B．kindness
C．spirit D．perfection
C 解析：根据语境可知，由于他的“精神”，其他队员也得到激励。
17．A.fail B．quarrel
C．repeat D．relax
D 解析：根据语境可知，那些队员看Emmanuel Hilton还在训练，他们“休息”的话会感到很不好意思。
18．A.within B．among
C．beyond D．before
C 解析：根据语境可知，教练Bryan Vitali说Emmanuel Hilton“超出”了他们的预期。
19．A.possible B．important
C．useful D．reasonable
A 解析：根据上下文可知，Emmanuel Hilton实现了过去没有人认为“可能”会达成的目标。
20．A.influence B．miss
C．remind D．like
D 解析：根据下文的so I feel comfortable to be on the team可知，队友们都很“喜欢”Emmanuel Hilton，所以他在校足球队很舒心。
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.charge vt.& vi. 收费；控诉
n. 费用；主管
2.fine vt. 罚款
3.poster n. 海报；招贴
4.bargain vi. 讨价还价；讲条件
n. 便宜货
5.deserve vi. & vt. 应受(报答或惩罚)；值得
拓展词汇
6.physical adj.物理的；身体的→physics n．物理学
7.advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告→advertisement n．广告
8.hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的→hope v．& n．希望→hopeful adj.充满希望的
9.foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的→fool n．傻子 v．愚弄；欺骗
10.pain n．疼痛；痛苦→painful adj.疼痛的；痛苦的→painless adj.不痛的；无痛的
阅读词汇
11.princess n．公主
12.prince n. 王子
13.glory n. 光荣；荣誉
14.goddess n． 女神
15.striker n. 敲击者；(足球的)前锋
重点短语
1.in_charge 主管；看管
2.one_after_another 陆续地；一个接一个地
3.make_a_bargain_with 与……达成协议
4.deserve_to_do_sth. 应做某事
5.change_one’s_mind 改变某人的主意
6.pick_up 捡起；拾起
重点句型
1.than any ＋n....比任何……：She was very beautiful and could run_faster_than_any_man(比任何男人跑得都快) in Greece.
2.so...that...如此……以至于……：She_was_so_angry_that(她那么生气以至于……) she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.
3.the ＋比较级...the ＋比较级...越……就越……：This is important because the_more_you_speak_English,_the_better_your_English_will_become(你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好).
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Why was Atalanta angry?
A．Because no man could run faster than her.
B．Because she wasn’t allowed to run in the Olympic Games.
C．Because her father forced her to marry a man who couldn’t run faster than her.
D．Because men in her country thought little of her.
2．What would happen if a man couldn’t run faster than Atalanta?
A．He would be fined.
B．He would become a slave.
C．He would be killed.
D．He would be put in prison.
3．What did Hippomenes think of the men who ran against Atalanta at first?
A．Wise. B．Brave.
C．Foolish. D．Shy.
4．Who helped Hippomenes?
A．The Greek Goddess of Love.
B．The King.
C．Atalanta．
D．The prince.
答案：1－4.BCCA
①princess[prIn'ses]n.公主
②glory['ɡl??rI]n.光荣；荣誉
win glory for为……赢得荣誉
③bargain['bɑ?ɡIn]vi.讨价还价；讲条件 n．便宜货
make a bargain with sb.与某人达成协议
④run against与(某人)竞争
⑤pardon vt.宽恕；赦免
⑥prince[prIns]n.王子
⑦hear of听说，得知
⑧hopeless['h??plIs]adj.没有希望的；绝望的
⑨run the race参加赛跑(此处run为及物动词)
run the marathon参加马拉松比赛
⑩foolish['fu?lI?]adj.愚蠢的；傻的
It’s foolish of sb. to do sth.某人做某事是愚蠢的。
?promise to do sth.许诺做某事
?in front of在……的前面(事物外部的前面)
in the front of在……的前部(某个空间内部的前面)
?stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事(to do为目的状语)；stop doing sth.停止做某事(doing作stop的宾语)
?pick up捡起；拾起
【核心素养链接】
古代奥运会为什么禁止女性参加？
一般认为，古希腊人禁止女性参加奥运会主要有三个原因：
1．赫拉克勒斯是希腊神话中著名的英雄，一生取得了无数史诗般的英雄业绩。但据说这位英雄却对女性充满偏见。他认为女性出现在战场和竞技场上会使希腊勇士的意志和力量减弱，遭受失败。
2．希腊人歧视女性。早在荷马时代，希腊女性的地位便已逐渐降低，仅仅作为男性的财富而存在，因而希腊男性不能容忍地位“下等”的女性与男性一样参加竞技。
3．古代奥运会有裸体竞技的习俗，这类裸体竞技被认为是男性的“性别秘密”，如果被女性看到了，他们将会感觉到极大的羞耻和侮辱。
THE STORY OF ATALANTA
Atalanta was a Greek princess①.She was very beautiful and could run faster than any man in Greece. But she was not allowed to run and win glory② for herself in the Olympic Games. She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her. Her father said that she must marry, so Atalanta made a bargain③ with him. She said to him, “These are my rules. When a man says he wants to marry me, I will run against④ him. If he cannot run as fast as me, he will be killed. No one will be pardoned⑤.”
◆本句的结构较为复杂。so...that...在此引导结果状语从句，其中第二个that引导宾语从句，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词anyone。
Many kings and princes⑥ wanted to marry Atalanta, but when they heard of⑦ her rules they knew it was hopeless⑧. So many of them sadly went home, but others stayed to run the race⑨. There was a man called Hippomenes who was amazed when he heard of Atalanta’s rules, “Why are these men so foolish⑩？”he thought.“Why will they let themselves be killed because they cannot run as fast as this princess？” However, when he saw Atalanta come out of her house to run, Hippomenes changed his mind.“I will marry Atalanta—or die！”he said.
◆过去分词短语called Hippomenes作后置定语，修饰a man。who在此引导定语从句，该定语从句中when引导时间状语从句。
The race started and although the men ran very fast, Atalanta ran faster. As Hippomenes watched he thought，“How can I run as fast as Atalanta？” He went to ask the Greek Goddess of Love for help. She promised to help? him and gave him three golden apples. She said，“Throw an apple in front of? Atalanta when she is running past. When she stops to pick? it up?， you will be able to run past her and win.” Hippomenes took the apples and went to the King. He said，“I want to marry Atalanta．” The King was sad to see another man die, but Hippomenes said，“I will marry her—or die！” So the race began.
阿塔兰忒的故事
阿塔兰忒是一位希腊公主。她很漂亮，而且比希腊的任何男人跑得都快。但她不被允许在奥运会上参加赛跑比赛为自己赢得荣誉。她非常生气，于是就对她的父亲说，她不会嫁给任何跑不过她的男人。她的父亲说她必须结婚，于是阿塔兰忒就和她的父亲达成了一个协议。她对父亲说：“我有我的规矩。当有人说想娶我时，我就跟他赛跑。如果他不能跑得和我一样快，他就要被杀掉。任何人都不会被赦免。”
许多国王和王子想娶阿塔兰忒，但当他们听说了她的规矩时，就知道希望渺茫。因此他们中的很多人闷闷不乐地回家了，其他人则留下来参加赛跑。一位叫希波墨涅斯的人得知阿塔兰忒的规矩后，大为吃惊。“为什么这些人那么愚蠢呢？”他想，“为什么他们跑不过这个公主就让别人把自己杀掉呢？”然而，当他看到阿塔兰忒从屋子里出来跑步时，希波墨涅斯改变了主意。他说：“我要么娶阿塔兰忒，要么就去死！”
比赛开始了。虽然那些男人跑得很快，可是阿塔兰忒跑得更快。希波墨涅斯边看边想：“我怎样才能跑得与阿塔兰忒一样快呢？”他去向希腊爱情女神求助。她答应帮助他，并且给了他三个金苹果。她说：“当阿塔兰忒跑过你的时候，你就扔一个苹果在阿塔兰忒前面。当她停下来去捡它时，你就可以超过她而获胜。”希波墨涅斯拿着苹果去见国王。他说：“我要娶阿塔兰忒。”国王很忧伤，因为又要看着一个人去送死，但是希波墨涅斯说：“我要娶她，要不，我就去死！”于是比赛开始了。
charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉 n．费用；主管
(经典例句)I wonder how much you will charge me for the six-week course.
我想知道这为期六周的课程您向我收费多少。
(1)charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
(2)take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……
in the charge of 受……的管理
free of charge 免费
①There is a heated discussion on whether museums should charge for admission or not.
(人们)就博物馆是否应该收入场费有激烈的争论。
②The company was badly organized until she took charge of it.
在她掌管这家公司之前，公司一直管理很差。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The man who had taken charge of the company was_charged(charge) with taking drugs.
②The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels.
[链接写作]——一句多译
汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。
③The company is in_the_charge_of Tom while the boss is away.
④Tom is in_charge_of the company while the boss is away.
⑤Tom takes_charge_of the company while the boss is away.
advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告；宣传；公告
(教材P13)Now you are asked to make a poster to advertise a sporting event.
现在要求你制作一张海报，宣传一项体育赛事。
(1)advertise for 登广告征求……
advertise for sb.to do sth. 登广告招聘/雇用某人做某事
(2)advertisement n. 广告
put an advertisement in a newspaper 在报纸上发布广告
The nursing home is advertising for a volunteer to help look after the patients.
这家疗养院正在登广告招聘一名志愿者帮助照顾病人。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I’m calling about the apartment you advertised (advertise) the other day. Could you please tell me more about it?
②If you are in search of your missing pet, you’d better put an advertisement(advertise) in the newspaper.
bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件 n．便宜货
(教材P14)Her father said that she must marry，so Atalanta made a bargain with him.
她的父亲说她必须结婚，于是阿塔兰忒就和她的父亲达成了一个协议。
(1)make a bargain with sb. 和某人达成协议
a real bargain 便宜(货)
a good/bad bargain 买得合算/不合算
(2)bargain with sb.about/over/for sth. 和某人就某事/某物讨价还价
①The coat is a good bargain at such a low price.
这件外套售价这么低，实在是便宜。
②The lady walked around the shops, keeping an eye out for bargains.
这位女士在各家商店逛来逛去，时刻注意着廉价商品。
[链接写作]——句型转换
After they bargained with us, they tried to carry their plan out.
→After they made_a_bargain_with_us,_they tried to carry their plan out.
pick up 拾起；(用车)去接；(偶然)学会；恢复；好转
(教材P14)When she stops to pick it up，you will be able to run past her and win.
当她停下来去捡它时，你就可以超过她而获胜。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中pick up的含义
①She picked up French while she was in France.
偶然学会
②Don’t worry.I’ll pick you up at the bus station.开车去接
③He picked up the book on the floor and went away.捡起；拾起
④He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospital. 好转；康复
⑤Only after she took charge of the company did its business pick up.好转
pain n．痛苦；疼痛
(教材P14)She made as many men as she could share her pain.
她尽可能多地让更多的男人分担她的痛苦。
have a．..pain in the＋身体部位 身体某部位……疼痛
No pains, no gains. 没有付出就没有回报。
spare no pains to do sth. 不遗余力做某事
take pains to do sth. 煞费苦心做某事
①As the old saying goes, “No pains, no gains.”
常言道，“不劳则无获。”
②She has a sharp pain in the chest.
她胸口剧痛。
[链接写作]——完成句子
不管发生什么， 我们将不遗余力支持你们。
No matter what happens, we will spare_no_pains_to_support you.
deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得；应得
(教材P15)Do you think Hippomenes deserved to win the race?
你认为希波墨涅斯应该赢得这场比赛吗？
deserve to do 应该/值得做
deserve to be done/deserve doing 值得被做
deserve consideration/attention/praise 值得考虑/注意/表扬
①With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves attention.
由于许多野生动物逐渐灭绝， 目前形势值得注意。
②He deserves praise for his good job in the company.
由于在公司中的优秀表现，他应该受到表扬。
[链接写作]——一句多译
保持开放的心态， 因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。
①Keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas deserve_consideration．
②Keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas deserve_considering．
③Keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas deserve_to_be_considered．
so...that...如此……以至于……； 引导结果状语从句
(教材P14)She was so angry that she said to her father that she would not marry anyone who could not run faster than her.
她非常生气，于是就对她父亲说，她不会嫁给任何跑不过她的男人。
so...that...如此……以至于……，常见句型结构：
(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that...
(2)so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that...(＝such a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that...)
(3)so few/many＋名词复数＋that...
(4)so little/much＋不可数名词＋that...
①The earthquake was so serious that it did great harm to Japan. 这次地震非常严重，给日本造成了巨大损害。
②He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam once again. 他出了那么多错，因此考试又没及格。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The book is so interesting that all of the students want to read it.
②He has so much money that he can buy whatever he wants.
③It was such good news that everyone laughed.
[链接写作]——一句多译
他是个非常聪明的男孩，大家都非常喜欢他。
④He is such_a_clever_boy_that we all like him.(such)
⑤He is so_clever_a_boy_that we all like him.(so)
the more...the better...意为“……越多……就越好”
(教材P16)This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will become.
这是很重要的，因为你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。
(1)the＋比较级...the＋比较级...越……就越……
(2)the more...the less... 越……越不……
①The more you practice, the more you can understand.
你练习越多，理解得就越透。
②The harder you study, the more progress you’ll make.
你学习越刻苦，取得的进步就越大。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The more careful you are, the fewer(few) mistakes you will make.
②The higher(high) you stand, the farther you will see.
品句填词
1．She stood there for a few minutes bargaining(讨价还价) with the farmer for his vegetables.
2．We tried to stop the flames from spreading, but we knew it was hopeless(没有希望的)．
3．One study found that sleeping after learning something new actually causes physical(身体的) changes in the brain.
4．I’d like to get the job advertised(广告) in the morning newspaper.
5．There is a poster(海报) of Taylor Swift, a famous star, hanging in Lily’s bedroom.
6．The doctor in__charge told us that our father was recovering from his illness day by day.
7．I have learned from the meaningful book that every life is valuable and deserves(值得) respect.
8．It’s foolish(愚蠢) of him not to admit his mistake in time.
9．I have a pain(疼痛) in my right shoulder all the time, which prevents me from writing.
10．You can always get a real bargain(便宜货) in that department store.
选词填空
take part in; stand for; be admitted as; as well; as a matter of fact; one after another; pick up; in charge
1．Susan picked__up the wallet on the ground and found that there were three credit cards in it.
2．Those naughty boys came into my office one__after__another with their heads down.
3．I hate the organization and all it stood__for．
4．Eric is very proud that he was__admitted__as a member of the school basketball team.
5．I know Jessica.As__a__matter__of__fact,__we have been good friends since primary school.
6．William took__part__in the competition last weekend and ended up winning second place.
7．Mr Brown came to help me clean the garden, and one of his neighbours came along as__well．
8．The man in__charge told me that they had decided to give up the project.
完成句子
1．海伦是如此生气以至于她把花瓶都扔在了地上。
Helen was so__angry__that she threw the vase on the ground.
2．亨利与老板达成一个协议：他只有上午来工厂工作。
Henry made__a__bargain__with his boss that he would come to the factory to work only in the morning.
3．在年轻人中，找工作和上大学的竞争一样大。
There is as__much__competition among the young people to find jobs as to go to college.
4．这位黑人运动员来自人们称为肯尼亚的地方。
The black athlete comes from what__people__call Kenya.
5．我们不但可以锻炼身体，而且还能对我们的传统文化有更好的理解。
We can not__only__take__exercise__but__also have a better understanding of our own traditional culture.
单句语法填空
1．It was foolish(fool) of you to leave the bike outdoors without locking it.
2．I felt lonely and hopeless(hope) yesterday, so I gave a call to my best friend to share my sadness with her.
3．Allen was__fined(fine) for dangerous driving and he regretted it very much.
4．People use technology so much that they are lazier(lazy) and less healthy than before.
5．Mr Potato Head, invented by George Lerner in 1949, became the first toy advertised(advertise) on television.
6．No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves(deserve) respect.
7．It’s said that more than 10，000 competitors(compete) from all over the world took part in the Olympic Games.
8．If you walk regularly(regular), it will be good for your heart and bones.
9．Let’s take responsibility(responsible) for building up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles.
10．As far as I know, Tom and Jenny will get married(marry) next month.
阅读理解
A
The first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens in 1896.A Frenchman, Baron de Coubertin, born in 1863, made it possible.When he was young, Coubertin had a strong interest in sports.As he grew older, he developed a belief that sports could bring people from all over the world together and encourage peace throughout the world.
Coubertin was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games.In order to persuade people to revive(使复兴) them, he traveled around the world, spending his own money.Eventually，with his hard work，in 1894，the Olympic Movement was begun.
But women were not allowed to take part in the modern Olympic Games at first.They didn’t begin to compete in the modern Olympic Games until 1900.For many years there were problems for the women athletes about what to wear，because it was considered very rude to show any part of the body or even the shape of the body！Can you imagine women trying to run and jump covered from head to foot in clothes?
When Baron de Coubertin founded the Olympic Movement, he created the International Olympic Committee(the IOC) to supervise(监管) it in 1894.He himself served as its president for 29 years.There were at first 14 members，but the committee has now grown to over 130 members, all of whom must speak either French or English.
Members of the IOC choose the next venue for the Olympic Games，which must be a city rather than a country.Only one city from each country can bid(投标) and it usually takes many years to prepare, and of course only one city can be successful!
Each country has its own National Olympic Committee(NOC)．The NOCs represent their countries at the Olympic Games and select their own national teams.
The gold medals were solid gold until 1912，but now they are silver covered with a thin layer of gold.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。现代奥运会起始于1896年，顾拜旦是奥林匹克运动复兴者。现在让我们来了解一下现代奥运会吧。
1．Coubertin wanted to revive the Olympic Games probably because ________．
A．he was crazy about competing in some sports
B．he wanted to be remembered by people through it
C．he thought such events could make Athens famous
D．he thought such events could promote world peace
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，顾拜旦复兴奥运会是因为他认为这样的活动可以促进世界和平。
2．What problem did women athletes face when competing in the Olympic Games at first?
A．They didn’t want to show any body part.
B．They had difficulty in wearing properly.
C．They didn’t have enough free time to exercise.
D．They were hardly able to afford the sports clothes.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的For many years there were problems for the women athletes about what to wear, because it was considered very rude to show any part of the body or even the shape of the body！可知，刚开始时，女运动员参加奥运会会面临着装方面的难题。
3．The underlined word “venue” in Paragraph 5 probably means “________”．
A．place B．time
C．president D．medal
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段的which must be a city rather than a country可知，这里是指举办奥运会的“地点”。
4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To introduce Baron de Coubertin to us.
B．To encourage us to watch the Olympic Games.
C．To help us know about the modern Olympic Games.
D．To describe the origin of the National Olympic Committee.
C 解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了与现代奥运会相关的一些信息，帮助我们了解现代奥运会。
B
The biggest soccer organization(组织) in the U．S. introduces new rules to make the sport safer.
The U．S. Soccer Federation announced that players in its teams who are 10 or younger are no longer allowed to head the ball. Players aged from 11 to 13 have limits(限制) on how often they can practice heading.
The new rules are set to stop kids from getting hurt because of a blow to the head that shakes the brain. Players may get headaches by heading the ball. Even worse, they may also get concussions(脑震荡), which will cause lasting brain damage(脑损伤)．
Heading the ball can be one of the most dangerous parts of soccer.Sometimes the force of hitting the ball with their heads gives players concussions. But more often, players receive concussions when they jump to head the ball and by accident knock heads with other players or fall and hit their heads on the grass.
“More concussions happen during the act of heading than any other action in soccer，” says Dr. Robert Cantu, an expert on brain damage.
So far, the new rules are only used by teams that are part of the U．S. Soccer Federation. But the group says it hopes more soccer teams will soon follow its example.
Former U．S. soccer star Brandi Chastain is one of the leaders of the activity to ban(禁止) heading among young soccer players. She welcomes the rule change but wants the rule to include all players under 14.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述为防止年轻足球运动员头部受伤，美国足球联合会颁布了新的法规禁止青少年球员进行头球。
5．The new rules are made to________．
A．keep young players from being hurt
B．teach young players how to practice heading
C．make the U．S. Soccer Federation more famous
D．encourage young players to improve their skills
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段的第一句可知，颁布新法规是为了避免青少年足球运动员因为头球而受伤。
6．What is Brandi Chastain’s attitude towards the new rules?
A．She is against them.
B．She supports them.
C．She is unsure about them.
D．She doesn’t care about them.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，Brandi Chastain不仅是这项足球新规定运动的领导者之一，她还希望能把“禁止头球”规定的实施范围扩大到所有14岁以下的青少年。由此可知，她对足球新规定持有肯定、支持的态度。
7．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．New rules in soccer.
B．How to protect young players.
C．Brain damage becomes more common.
D．The introduction of the U．S. Soccer Federation.
A 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述针对年轻足球运动员头部受伤的情况，美国足球联合会颁布了新的法规。
完形填空
Emmanuel Hilton is a 17-year-old student at Blackhawk High School in Chippewa Township，Pennsylvania.He was __1__ by his mother when she __2__ her baby was born without legs.“She didn’t like me because I was __3__，” Emmanuel told CBS of his __4__ in the Republic of the Congo.__5__，he was found in the corner of a street by a woman who took him to an orphanage(孤儿院)．He stayed there __6__ Michelle Hilton and her husband Gary adopted(收养) him and brought him to their __7__ in Pennsylvania.“I thought this kid just needed a __8__，” Michelle said.“And we were willing to __9__ him.It was not that __10__．”
Emmanuel knew he had no legs, but he didn’t __11__ his dream of being a soccer player.“I’ve always believed that someday I can play soccer，” Emmanuel said __12__．After Emmanuel moved to Pennsylvania, he __13__ a lot.He could not only speak English, but also play soccer as a goalie(守门员) on the soccer team at Blackhawk High School.He said he was worried at first that the other boys wouldn’t __14__ him, but the opposite was true.Emmanuel isn’t just a(n) __15__ teammate.Because of his __16__， all the other players also get inspired.
“The guys see Emmanuel moving and they feel embarrassed to __17__，” coach Bryan Vitali said.“He’s __18__ our expectations.Emmanuel reached the goal that no one thought was __19__．”“My life right now is brilliant.My teammates __20__ me, so I feel comfortable to be on the team，” Emmanuel said.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Emmanuel Hilton出生时因残疾而被母亲遗弃，被好心人收养后他不忘梦想，最终成了学校足球队的守门员。
1．A.looked after B．thrown away
C．brought up D．put aside
B 解析：根据下文的．..he was found in the corner of a street by a woman who took him to an orphanage(孤儿院)．可知，Emmanuel Hilton被母亲“遗弃”。
2．A.complained B．argued
C．discovered D．admitted
C 解析：根据语境可知，当Emmanuel Hilton的母亲“发现”她的孩子出生就没有腿时，她便遗弃了Emmanuel Hilton。
3．A.disabled B．naughty
C．impolite D．foolish
A 解析：根据上文的without legs可知，母亲不喜欢Emmanuel Hilton是因为他“残疾”。
4．A.goal B．birth
C．action D．idea
B 解析：根据上文的．..at Blackhawk High School in Chippewa Township, Pennsylvania.以及．..in the Republic of the Congo.可知，Emmanuel Hilton出生于刚果，最后被宾夕法尼亚州的一对夫妇收养。这里指Emmanuel Hilton对CBS谈到他的“出生”。
5．A.Disappointedly B．Actually
C．Surprisingly D．Fortunately
D 解析：根据下文的．..he was found in the corner of a street by a woman who took him to an orphanage(孤儿院)．可知，“幸运的是”，Emmanuel Hilton被一位女士在大街的角落发现，并送他去了一家孤儿院。
6．A.when B．if
C．until D．once
C 解析：根据语境可知， Emmanuel Hilton留在孤儿院“直到”Michelle Hilton和她的丈夫Gary收养了他。
7．A.company B．home
C．school D．office
B 解析：根据上下文内容可知，Michelle Hilton和她的丈夫Gary将Emmanuel Hilton带到他们在宾夕法尼亚州的“家”。
8．A.chance B．partner
C．doctor D．reason
A 解析：根据语境可知，Michelle Hilton认为Emmanuel Hilton这个孩子只是需要一个“机会”。
9．A.persuade B．help
C．educate D．warn
B 解析：根据语境可知，Michelle Hilton和她的丈夫Gary很愿意“帮助”Emmanuel Hilton。
10．A.dangerous B．boring
C．strange D．hard
D 解析：根据语境可知，Michelle Hilton和她的丈夫Gary认为帮助Emmanuel Hilton并没有那么“难”。
11．A.give up B．depend on
C．talk about D．insist on
A 解析：根据语境可知，Emmanuel Hilton知道自己没有腿，但是他并没有“放弃”想成为足球运动员的梦想。
12．A.worriedly B．embarrassedly
C．doubtfully D．confidently
D 解析：根据上文的I’ve always believed that someday I can play soccer可知，Emmanuel Hilton很“自信”。
13．A.invented B．understood
C．changed D．forgot
C 解析：根据下文的He could not only speak English，but also play soccer as a goalie(守门员) on the soccer team at Blackhawk High School.可知，自从Emmanuel Hilton搬到宾夕法尼亚州后，他“变化”很大。
14．A.notice B．accept
C．forgive D．remember
B 解析：根据语境可知，Emmanuel Hilton最初担心其他男孩子不会“接受”他。
15．A.excellent B．careless
C．poor D．shy
A 解析：根据上文的but the opposite was true以及下文的all the other players also get inspired可知，Emmanuel Hilton不仅仅是一个“优秀的”队员。
16．A.duty B．kindness
C．spirit D．perfection
C 解析：根据语境可知，由于他的“精神”，其他队员也得到激励。
17．A.fail B．quarrel
C．repeat D．relax
D 解析：根据语境可知，那些队员看Emmanuel Hilton还在训练，他们“休息”的话会感到很不好意思。
18．A.within B．among
C．beyond D．before
C 解析：根据语境可知，教练Bryan Vitali说Emmanuel Hilton“超出”了他们的预期。
19．A.possible B．important
C．useful D．reasonable
A 解析：根据上下文可知，Emmanuel Hilton实现了过去没有人认为“可能”会达成的目标。
20．A.influence B．miss
C．remind D．like
D 解析：根据下文的so I feel comfortable to be on the team可知，队友们都很“喜欢”Emmanuel Hilton，所以他在校足球队很舒心。
课件22张PPT。Unit 2 The Olympic Games按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束Section Ⅳ Grammar
一般将来时的被动语态
1．(教材P10)Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event ____________(admit) as competitors.
答案：will be admitted
2．(教材P10)And after that the 2012 Olympics ____________(hold) in London.
答案：will be held
3．(教材P10)A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums ____________ (build) to the east of London.
答案：will be built
4．(教材P14)If he cannot run as fast as me, he ____________(kill)．
答案：will be killed
一般将来时的被动语态的常见形式
肯定式：主语＋will/shall＋be＋及物动词的过去分词．
否定式：主语＋won’t/shan’t＋be＋及物动词的过去分词．
疑问式：Will/Shall＋主语＋be＋及物动词的过去分词？
以上是常见的一般将来时的被动语态形式，常与表示将来的时间状语(tomorrow, next week, in a few years等)连用。
◆There is no doubt that he will be admitted into Beijing University.
毫无疑问，他会被北京大学录取的。
◆If you don’t break these rules, you won’t be punished.
如果你遵守这些规则，你就不会受到惩罚。
◆When will these books be published?
这些书将在什么时候出版？
【即时演练1】——用所给词的适当形式填空
①We shall_be_punished(punish) if we lose the money.
②If you park your car here, you will_be_fined(fine)．
③The water will_be_polluted(pollute) further unless the government takes immediate action.
一般将来时的被动语态的其他形式
1．be going to be done
表示最近即将发生的或者按计划将要发生的被动动作。
◆This problem is going to be debated in today’s class meeting. 在今天的班会上这个问题将要被讨论。
2．be to be done
(1)表示按计划或安排将要发生的被动动作。
◆His new book based on a true story is to be published next week.
他那本基于一个真实故事的新书将于下周出版。
(2)表示“应该”，意思相当于should，可用来征求对方的意见。
◆What is to be done next？ 下一步该怎么办？
(3)表示“必须”，意思相当于must或have to。
◆The task is to be finished before Friday.
这项任务必须在星期五前完成。
【即时演练2】——完成句子
①那个问题将在会上讨论。
The problem is_going_to_be_discussed at the meeting.
②运动会将于10月5日举行。
The sports meeting is_to_be_held on Oct.5.
使用一般将来时的被动语态应注意的几个问题
1．短语动词变为被动语态时不能漏掉介词或副词。
◆I’m sure he will be well looked after in the new kindergarten.
我相信他在新幼儿园会得到很好的照顾。
◆All means will be made full use of to solve the problem.
要充分利用一切方法来解决问题。
2．含有双宾语的主动句变为被动语态时，应根据需要将其中的一个宾语变成被动句的主语。
◆My teacher will give me a book.
→I will be given a book by my teacher.
→A book will be given to me by my teacher.
我的老师将给我一本书。
3．如果主动句的宾补是不带to的动词不定式，在变成被动句时，则需加上to。
◆The coach will make me replace Sue on the team.
→I will be made to replace Sue on the team.
教练将让我代替苏成为队员。
4．在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。
◆If I’m given more time, I am sure I’ll do it better.
如果给我更多的时间，我相信我会把它做得更好。
5．使用一般将来时的被动语态时不要遗漏被动式中的be。
误：Our sports meet will hold in a few weeks.
正：Our sports meet will be held in a few weeks.
我们的运动会将在几周后举行。
【即时演练3】——将下面句子变为被动语态
①The old lady will take care of the little girl.
→The_little_girl_will_be_taken_care_of by the old lady.
②They will pay attention to the similar problem in their following task.
→The_similar_problem_will_be_paid_attention_to by them in their following task.
③My brother will give me a book.
→I_will_be_given a book by my brother.
→A_book_will_be_given_to me by my brother.
单句语法填空
1．She will be_given(give) a gold medal in this competition.
2．Her car was damaged in the accident and it will_be_repaired(repair) tomorrow.
3．More high-speed railways will_be_built(build) in many parts of our country in the following years.
4．Once the decision is_made(make), no one can change it.
5．When you arrive at their house, you will_be_given(give) the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice to you.
6．If the big stone in the middle of the road is_removed(remove), there will be no traffic jams.
7．In the future, more money will_be_spent(spend) in helping those poor children in the remote areas.
8．The next Olympic Games will_be_held(hold) in 2020，when I will graduate from university.
9．In the future, more robots will_be_made(make) to help and take care of the old people.
10．The new international airport will_be_put(put) into use in two months, according to the report.
句型转换
1．The workers will repair the damaged road tomorrow.
The damaged road will_be_repaired by the workers tomorrow.
2．The local government will build a bridge over the river to connect the two areas.
A bridge will_be_built by the local government over the river to connect the two areas.
3．The school will set up a special class to help those who have reading disabilities.
A special class will_be_set_up by the school to help those who have reading disabilities.
4．Jack won’t finish his third book in ten days, which is bad news for his fans.
Jack’s third book won’t_be_finished in ten days, which is bad news for his fans.
5．Robert is going to make a robot to help the blind people.
A robot is_going_to_be_made by Robert to help the blind people.
6．Our school is to hold a sports meeting next weekend.
A sports meeting is_to_be_held by our school next weekend.
课件20张PPT。Unit 2 The Olympic Games按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
单句语法填空
1．An art show will__be__held(hold) at the city museum next month.
2．If you are caught smoking in this building, you will__be__fined(fine)．
3．The tickets will__be__bought(buy) ten days ahead of time on the Internet.
4．If you finish the work by yourself, you will__be__praised(praise) by the boss.
5．If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, the match will__be__held(hold) according to the plan.
6．The final match will__be__watched(watch) by millions of people on TV tomorrow night.
7．In the years to follow, more undergrounds will__be__built(build) in big cities to reduce traffic jams.
8．More and more robots will be made to__help(help) us do difficult and dangerous work.
9．The whole class are going to be__examined(examine) on everything they have learnt this year.
10．A new road is going to be__built(build) around the lake.
阅读理解
“Life is about daring to carry out your ideas，” said Italian mountaineer Reinhold Messner.
One of the best-known living mountaineers，now 74，Messner became the first person to climb Mount Qomolangma alone and without the help of bottled oxygen(氧气) in 1980.
He also became, in 1986, the first to reach the world’s 14 mountain tops of over 8，000 meters，again without bottled oxygen.
Along the way，he has practiced a special style of mountaineering known as alpinism, in which climbers try to reach the top with as little material(材料) and outside help as possible.
“But it is an art that is increasingly getting lost—today’s climbers depend on Sherpas(local guides for climbers in the Himalayas) and ready-made routes to reach the top，” Messner said.
“The true alpinist doesn’t want such help.He wants to go into the wild，” he said.
His achievements have made him a great hero，but Messner says he has gotten into plenty of dangerous situations along the way too.
“Around half of the top alpinists have died climbing，”he said.
“Of course, if I turn back more often than the others, I can increase my chances of survival，” he added.“But if I hadn’t been lucky a few times, I wouldn’t be here.”
Messner later moved on to different challenges(挑战)，crossing the Gobi Desert and Antarctica.
He is also a writer and was in Frankfurt to present his latest book, Wild, telling the true story of a 1916 Antarctic expedition(探险)．
Today, Messner spends his time making films and talks excitedly about his present one, which is set in Kenya, Africa, and tells the story of two climbers who run into trouble and are faced with life-changing situations.
After a lifetime of following his next dream, he believes film-making will be his final project.
“I was always at my best when I was learning, when I was curious(求知的)，” he said.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了国际著名登山运动员梅斯纳尔和他的主要成就。
1．What is special about true alpinists?
A．They can reach the top quickly.
B．They try to depend on(依靠) themselves.
C．They follow ready-made routes.
D．They often work with local guides.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的alpinism, in which climbers try to reach the top with as little material(材料) and outside help as possible和第六段中的The true alpinist doesn’t want such help.可知，真正的登山者尽量依靠自己的力量登上顶峰。
2．What helped Messner survive dangerous situations?
A．Good luck. B．Belief.
C．Good skills. D．Courage.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第九段中的But if I hadn’t been lucky a few times, I wouldn’t be here.可知，Messner说自己几次死里逃生是因为运气好。
3．What does Messner tell us about the story of his new film?
A．It is very interesting.
B．It happens in Africa.
C．It is based on his latest book.
D．It records his true experiences.
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段可知，梅斯纳尔新电影的故事发生在非洲的肯尼亚。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．A new film. B．A new book.
C．A great alpinist. D．A great expedition.
C 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了国际著名登山运动员梅斯纳尔和他的主要成就。
七选五
Successful people not only have healthy morning habits, but also know how to finish off their day right. And they all have particular habits.
Read a book.1.________ They all know the importance of educating themselves every single day in order to achieve better results in their professional(职业的) and personal lives. Reading will make you more likely to succeed.
Organize the following day. Having a well-written plan can really benefit the tasks you have set for the day. It is really difficult to remember all the things you need to do. 2.________ Successful people know the importance of a well-planned day. So before you go to bed, write down your 3 most important goals for tomorrow.
Spend time with family. Life is not all about work. We all need to enjoy ourselves and spend quality time with the people we love.3.________ Going for a walk, playing a game with your kids or just enjoying a movie night, can all be really great exercises to strengthen your close relationships.
Get a workout(训练). 4.________ I am sure you have heard this many times, but exercise can really benefit your body, mind, and build your self-confidence to help you keep a healthy lifestyle.
5．________ If you like getting things done in the evening, this could be the best time of your day to work on some art. By creating something artistic, you might even discover some hidden talents.
A．Create your art at night.
B．It is useful for improving your thinking.
C．Many successful people read every day.
D．We must create something meaningful.
E．So why not write them all down in a journal?
F．Successful people know how to make time for their family.
G．After a tiring day, it is important for you to go out and get your body moving.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。成功的人都有一些好的习惯，一起来看看他们都有什么特殊的习惯吧！
1．C 解析：根据空前的Read a book.以及空后的They all know the importance of educating themselves every single day可知，很多成功人士每天都读书。
2．E 解析：根据空前的It is really difficult to remember all the things you need to do.可知，很难记住每天你需要做的所有事情，所以为什么不把它们写在日记本上呢？
3．F 解析：根据空后的Going for a walk, playing a game with your kids or just enjoying a movie night可知，成功人士知道怎样给家人留一些时间。
4．G 解析：根据空前的Get a workout(训练)．可知，劳累了一天，出去走走，让你的身体活动活动对你很重要。
5．A 解析：根据下文的this could be the best time of your day to work on some art可知，我们可以在晚上创造自己的艺术。
语法填空
When the modern Olympic Games started in 1896 in Athens, Greece，1.____________ was no such thing as the Winter Olympics.2.____________(player) competed only in the Summer Games.
There were，however，the Nordic Games.That was a(n) 3.____________(compete) of winter sports that took place every few years starting in 1901.But not everyone could compete：The Nordic Games were open only to athletes 4.____________ Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.
The winter sports were popular，so in 1924 an International Winter Sports Week 5.____________(hold) in Chamonix，France.Only about 250 athletes from 16 countries competed in nine sports at Chamonix.Something else 6.____________(be) different about these Games compared with today’s Olympics：There were only 11 female athletes at the 1924 Games，7.____________ competed only in figure skating.
Still, the Winter Olympics were underway，adding more sports to the Games, and 8.____________(especial) more sports for women.Women got the chance 9.____________(take) part in skiing，ice hockey(冰球) and other sports.
Now the Games have such 10.____________(interest) events as snowboarding and skeleton(俯式冰撬)．Some of these events have changed since they were introduced.
1．there 解析：考查特殊句式。设空处所在句意为“没有冬季奥运会”，故填there。there is no such person/thing as sb./sth.没有如某人/某物这样的人/物。
2．Players 解析：考查名词复数。设空处作主语，表示“运动员”。player是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，应用复数，故填Players。
3．competition 解析：考查名词。设空处作表语，表示“比赛”，因为设空处前有不定冠词，故填名词competition。
4．from 解析：考查介词。此处表示“来自……的”，故填from。
5．was held 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处所在句意为“冬季运动很受欢迎，因此，1924年在法国的夏蒙尼举行了国际冬季体育运动周活动”。International Winter Sports Week与hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，由in 1924可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was held。
6．was 解析：考查主谓一致。Something作主语，谓语动词用单数，因为此处描述1924年在法国夏蒙尼举行的国际冬季体育运动周活动，应用一般过去时，故填was。
7．who 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明female athletes，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
8．especially 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“尤其”，故填副词especially。
9．to take 解析：考查不定式作定语的用法。chance后常跟不定式作定语，表示“……的机会”。
10．interesting 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，表示“有趣的”，故填形容词interesting。
应用文写作
假设你是李华，你的英语老师在班会上让同学们各自用英语介绍一下自己最喜欢的运动，请根据下列要点写一篇发言稿。
内容包括：
1．你最喜欢的运动是什么；
2．你为什么喜欢该运动；
3．你运动的实际情况。
注意：
1．词数：80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
My favorite sport is basketball and there are several reasons for which I like playing it. Firstly, it keeps me healthy and physically strong. Secondly, it helps to improve my ability to focus and respond. Thirdly, unlike many other sports, which can be played only by from two to four individuals, basketball enables me to play with many friends at the same time. In this case, I can make a lot of friends and get more fun. On weekdays, I usually play basketball with my classmates on the school playground for about an hour after school, and we all enjoy ourselves very much.
Section Ⅴ Writing
描述性说明文
文体感知
描述性说明文是介绍或描述自己或他人的兴趣爱好等的文章。说明文是说明事物的情况或道理的文章。描述性说明文是以说明为主，要说明事物的特点、发展变化的规律，分析前因后果，给读者提供必要的信息。此类文章一般采用“总——分——总”的三段式结构，即首先要写说明的对象，然后说明原因等，最后作一个简单的总结。
增分佳句
1．If you ask me which sport I like best, I have to say playing basketball.
如果你问我最喜欢哪项运动，那肯定是打篮球了。
2．The first time I saw ping-pong, I fell in love with it.
我第一次看到乒乓球运动时，我就喜欢上了它。
3．I like playing basketball because it is like our lives full of competition. 我喜欢打篮球是因为打篮球就像我们的生活一样充满了竞争。
4．At the age of 10, I showed great interest in basketball.
十岁时，我就对篮球有了极大的兴趣。
5．Whenever I have time, I will go to the playground to practice running. 我一有时间就去操场上练习跑步。
写作模板
In recent years________(现象、表现或变化). In addition/Besides，________(进一步阐述现象). This phenomenon aroused hot discussion.
Therefore，________(总结现象导致的结果). However, some people think that________(表明一些人的观点)．
In my opinion，________(个人观点或建议)．Furthermore，________(补充说明看法)．
In a word，________(总结)．
写作要求
假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 Jack 对中国的铁路很感兴趣，想乘坐火车旅行。请根据以下要点提示，写一封书信，介绍中国铁路系统。
1．火车类型：高铁(HSR)(G)(300km/h)；动车(CRH)(D)(200km/h)；快车(Express)(K/T/Z)(100km/h)；
2．火车优点：安全，可以观赏沿途风景，省钱。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack，
I’m honored that you show great interest in our trains.________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．传统的 traditional
2．标记 mark
3．景色 scenery
4．表示兴趣 show_great_interest_in
5．以……速度 at_the_speed_of
6．远距离 a_long_distance
遣词造句
1. 完成句子
①传统的是快车；它慢但是很便宜。
The traditional one is the express train, and it_is_slow_but_cheap．
②快车车票上标有字母K/T/Z。
The_letters_K/T/Z_are_marked on the ticket of the express train.
③最快的火车是高铁，它可以达到时速300公里。
The fastest train is HSR and it can travel_up_to_300 kilometers per hour.
④高铁车票上标有字母G。
Tickets_of_HSR_are_marked_with_letter_G.
2．句式升级
⑤用复合句合并、升级句①和句②
The_traditional_one_is_the_express_train,_which_is_slow_but_cheap,_with_letters_K/T/Z_marked_on_the_ticket.
⑥用复合句合并、升级句③和句④
The_fastest_train_is_HSR_traveling_up_to_300_kilometers_per_hour,_whose_tickets_are_marked_with_letter_G.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear_Jack，
I’m_honored_that_you_show_great_interest_in_our_trains. Now we have three kinds of trains. The traditional one is the express train, which is slow but cheap, with letters K/T/Z marked on the ticket. Another one is CRH, running at the speed of 200 kilometers per hour, and you can see letter D marked on the ticket. However, the fastest train is HSR traveling up to 300 kilometers per hour, whose tickets are marked with letter G.
Traveling by train is safe over a long distance. Besides, you can see the beautiful scenery along the railway. It won’t cost you too much.
Looking forward to your visit to China!
Yours，
Li_Hua
你校英语报正在举办题为“My Favorite Sport”的征文活动，请你用英语写一篇短文介绍你最喜欢的运动并说明理由。
注意：词数80左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
My Favorite Sport
When it comes to my favorite sport, I’d like to say that I like table tennis best.
I fell in love with it as soon as I started learning the game at the age of seven. I like it because it does me good in many aspects. It goes without saying that it builds up my physical strength. Besides, it can help me keep healthy and energetic as well as provide me with a chance to make friends.
In fact, I like table tennis so much that I hope to go to a sports university to learn it as my major.
单句语法填空
1．An art show will__be__held(hold) at the city museum next month.
2．If you are caught smoking in this building, you will__be__fined(fine)．
3．The tickets will__be__bought(buy) ten days ahead of time on the Internet.
4．If you finish the work by yourself, you will__be__praised(praise) by the boss.
5．If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, the match will__be__held(hold) according to the plan.
6．The final match will__be__watched(watch) by millions of people on TV tomorrow night.
7．In the years to follow, more undergrounds will__be__built(build) in big cities to reduce traffic jams.
8．More and more robots will be made to__help(help) us do difficult and dangerous work.
9．The whole class are going to be__examined(examine) on everything they have learnt this year.
10．A new road is going to be__built(build) around the lake.
阅读理解
“Life is about daring to carry out your ideas，” said Italian mountaineer Reinhold Messner.
One of the best-known living mountaineers，now 74，Messner became the first person to climb Mount Qomolangma alone and without the help of bottled oxygen(氧气) in 1980.
He also became, in 1986, the first to reach the world’s 14 mountain tops of over 8，000 meters，again without bottled oxygen.
Along the way，he has practiced a special style of mountaineering known as alpinism, in which climbers try to reach the top with as little material(材料) and outside help as possible.
“But it is an art that is increasingly getting lost—today’s climbers depend on Sherpas(local guides for climbers in the Himalayas) and ready-made routes to reach the top，” Messner said.
“The true alpinist doesn’t want such help.He wants to go into the wild，” he said.
His achievements have made him a great hero，but Messner says he has gotten into plenty of dangerous situations along the way too.
“Around half of the top alpinists have died climbing，”he said.
“Of course, if I turn back more often than the others, I can increase my chances of survival，” he added.“But if I hadn’t been lucky a few times, I wouldn’t be here.”
Messner later moved on to different challenges(挑战)，crossing the Gobi Desert and Antarctica.
He is also a writer and was in Frankfurt to present his latest book, Wild, telling the true story of a 1916 Antarctic expedition(探险)．
Today, Messner spends his time making films and talks excitedly about his present one, which is set in Kenya, Africa, and tells the story of two climbers who run into trouble and are faced with life-changing situations.
After a lifetime of following his next dream, he believes film-making will be his final project.
“I was always at my best when I was learning, when I was curious(求知的)，” he said.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了国际著名登山运动员梅斯纳尔和他的主要成就。
1．What is special about true alpinists?
A．They can reach the top quickly.
B．They try to depend on(依靠) themselves.
C．They follow ready-made routes.
D．They often work with local guides.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的alpinism, in which climbers try to reach the top with as little material(材料) and outside help as possible和第六段中的The true alpinist doesn’t want such help.可知，真正的登山者尽量依靠自己的力量登上顶峰。
2．What helped Messner survive dangerous situations?
A．Good luck. B．Belief.
C．Good skills. D．Courage.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第九段中的But if I hadn’t been lucky a few times, I wouldn’t be here.可知，Messner说自己几次死里逃生是因为运气好。
3．What does Messner tell us about the story of his new film?
A．It is very interesting.
B．It happens in Africa.
C．It is based on his latest book.
D．It records his true experiences.
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段可知，梅斯纳尔新电影的故事发生在非洲的肯尼亚。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．A new film. B．A new book.
C．A great alpinist. D．A great expedition.
C 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了国际著名登山运动员梅斯纳尔和他的主要成就。
七选五
Successful people not only have healthy morning habits, but also know how to finish off their day right. And they all have particular habits.
Read a book.1.________ They all know the importance of educating themselves every single day in order to achieve better results in their professional(职业的) and personal lives. Reading will make you more likely to succeed.
Organize the following day. Having a well-written plan can really benefit the tasks you have set for the day. It is really difficult to remember all the things you need to do. 2.________ Successful people know the importance of a well-planned day. So before you go to bed, write down your 3 most important goals for tomorrow.
Spend time with family. Life is not all about work. We all need to enjoy ourselves and spend quality time with the people we love.3.________ Going for a walk, playing a game with your kids or just enjoying a movie night, can all be really great exercises to strengthen your close relationships.
Get a workout(训练). 4.________ I am sure you have heard this many times, but exercise can really benefit your body, mind, and build your self-confidence to help you keep a healthy lifestyle.
5．________ If you like getting things done in the evening, this could be the best time of your day to work on some art. By creating something artistic, you might even discover some hidden talents.
A．Create your art at night.
B．It is useful for improving your thinking.
C．Many successful people read every day.
D．We must create something meaningful.
E．So why not write them all down in a journal?
F．Successful people know how to make time for their family.
G．After a tiring day, it is important for you to go out and get your body moving.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。成功的人都有一些好的习惯，一起来看看他们都有什么特殊的习惯吧！
1．C 解析：根据空前的Read a book.以及空后的They all know the importance of educating themselves every single day可知，很多成功人士每天都读书。
2．E 解析：根据空前的It is really difficult to remember all the things you need to do.可知，很难记住每天你需要做的所有事情，所以为什么不把它们写在日记本上呢？
3．F 解析：根据空后的Going for a walk, playing a game with your kids or just enjoying a movie night可知，成功人士知道怎样给家人留一些时间。
4．G 解析：根据空前的Get a workout(训练)．可知，劳累了一天，出去走走，让你的身体活动活动对你很重要。
5．A 解析：根据下文的this could be the best time of your day to work on some art可知，我们可以在晚上创造自己的艺术。
语法填空
When the modern Olympic Games started in 1896 in Athens, Greece，1.____________ was no such thing as the Winter Olympics.2.____________(player) competed only in the Summer Games.
There were，however，the Nordic Games.That was a(n) 3.____________(compete) of winter sports that took place every few years starting in 1901.But not everyone could compete：The Nordic Games were open only to athletes 4.____________ Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.
The winter sports were popular，so in 1924 an International Winter Sports Week 5.____________(hold) in Chamonix，France.Only about 250 athletes from 16 countries competed in nine sports at Chamonix.Something else 6.____________(be) different about these Games compared with today’s Olympics：There were only 11 female athletes at the 1924 Games，7.____________ competed only in figure skating.
Still, the Winter Olympics were underway，adding more sports to the Games, and 8.____________(especial) more sports for women.Women got the chance 9.____________(take) part in skiing，ice hockey(冰球) and other sports.
Now the Games have such 10.____________(interest) events as snowboarding and skeleton(俯式冰撬)．Some of these events have changed since they were introduced.
1．there 解析：考查特殊句式。设空处所在句意为“没有冬季奥运会”，故填there。there is no such person/thing as sb./sth.没有如某人/某物这样的人/物。
2．Players 解析：考查名词复数。设空处作主语，表示“运动员”。player是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，应用复数，故填Players。
3．competition 解析：考查名词。设空处作表语，表示“比赛”，因为设空处前有不定冠词，故填名词competition。
4．from 解析：考查介词。此处表示“来自……的”，故填from。
5．was held 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。设空处所在句意为“冬季运动很受欢迎，因此，1924年在法国的夏蒙尼举行了国际冬季体育运动周活动”。International Winter Sports Week与hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，由in 1924可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was held。
6．was 解析：考查主谓一致。Something作主语，谓语动词用单数，因为此处描述1924年在法国夏蒙尼举行的国际冬季体育运动周活动，应用一般过去时，故填was。
7．who 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句补充说明female athletes，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
8．especially 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“尤其”，故填副词especially。
9．to take 解析：考查不定式作定语的用法。chance后常跟不定式作定语，表示“……的机会”。
10．interesting 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，表示“有趣的”，故填形容词interesting。
应用文写作
假设你是李华，你的英语老师在班会上让同学们各自用英语介绍一下自己最喜欢的运动，请根据下列要点写一篇发言稿。
内容包括：
1．你最喜欢的运动是什么；
2．你为什么喜欢该运动；
3．你运动的实际情况。
注意：
1．词数：80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
My favorite sport is basketball and there are several reasons for which I like playing it. Firstly, it keeps me healthy and physically strong. Secondly, it helps to improve my ability to focus and respond. Thirdly, unlike many other sports, which can be played only by from two to four individuals, basketball enables me to play with many friends at the same time. In this case, I can make a lot of friends and get more fun. On weekdays, I usually play basketball with my classmates on the school playground for about an hour after school, and we all enjoy ourselves very much.
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.compete vi.比赛；竞争
①The young competitor(compete) won a gold medal in the match.
②All the excited competitors are competing for the honor of winning the gold medals in the competition．(compete)
2.admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳
①News came from the school office that Wang Lin had been_admitted(admit) to Peking University.
②All of us admit him to_be(be) one of the best players in China．
3.replace vt.取代；替换；代替；把……放回原处
①He picked them up and replaced(replace) them in the bag.
②The girl picked some fresh flowers to_replace(replace) the withered ones in the vase.
③All the old computers in village schools will_be_replaced(replace) with new ones.
重点词汇夯实练
4.charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉 n．费用；主管
①Charged(charge) with stealing in the supermarket, she was in low spirits.
②I wonder if I can speak to whoever is in_charge_of(主管) the project.
5.hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的
①The country has been at war for many years. It is hopeless(hope) to rebuild it in a short time.
②It was his encouragement that made me improve greatly and now I’m hopeful(hope) about my future.
6.foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的
①Can you persuade her out of her foolish(fool) plans？
②It is wrong of you to make_a_fool_of(愚弄) the poor man in need.
7.pain n．疼痛；痛苦
①The sight of the poor boy begging for money in the street brought back his painful(pain) memories of his past.
②He has taken great pains(pain) to improve his spoken English.
8.bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件 n．便宜货
①My sister bought this T-shirt at such a low price. She was really good at bargaining(bargain).
②Why didn’t you buy the skirt? It was a_real_bargain(真是个便宜货).
9.deserve vi.& vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得
①He does not deserve to_win(win) any respect from anybody just because he does not know how to respect others.
②The woman deserved punishment/being_punished(punish) because she broke the rule in order to win glory for herself.
10.host vt.做东；主办；招待 n．主人
①We attended a dinner party hosted(host) by the president of the company.
②Tonight she hosts(host) a ball for 300 guests.
阅读词汇排查练
1.Greece n． 希腊
2.slave n. 奴隶
3.nowadays adv. 现今；现在
4.gymnastics n．(pl) 体操；体能训练
5.olive n. 橄榄树；橄榄叶；橄榄枝；橄榄色
6.similarity n． 相像性；相似点
7.princess n. 公主
8.prince n. 王子
9.glory n. 光荣；荣誉
10.goddess n. 女神
11.striker n. 敲击者；(足球的)前锋
重点短语
会书写
会应用
1.take_part_in 参加；参与
2.stand_for 代表；象征；表示
3.as_well 也；又；还
4.in_charge 主管；看管
5.make_a_bargain 做交易
6.be_admitted_into/to 被接纳进入；被……录取
7.work_out 计算出；设计出；解决；结果；锻炼
8.apart_from 除了
9.one_after_another 陆续地；一个接一个地
10.take_the_place_of 代替
11.pick_up 拾起；捡起；用车接(某人)
12.as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上
1.I’m going to London and my sister’s going as_well.
2.I am sure that he will be_admitted_to Tsinghua University this summer.
3.The bell rang and students quickly came out of the classroom one_after_another.
4.If there is something wrong with the machine, it should be reported at once to the engineer in_charge.
5.I’d appreciate it if you can pick_up my sister at four o’clock at the airport.
6.As_a_matter_of_fact,_he received an invitation from his boss to attend the party.
7.As is known to us, the letters PLA stand_for the People’s Liberation Army.
8.Our teachers encourage us to take_part_in some social practice in our summer holidays, which they think can help us get fully developed.
重点句型
1.what引导宾语从句
据我所知， 他在一个所谓的重点中学学习。
As far as I know, he is studying in what_is_called key middle school.
2．It is/was＋被强调部分＋that ...强调句型
我是在去机场的路上才意识到我把钱包忘在旅馆了。
It_was_when_I_was_on_the_way_to_the_airport_that I realized I had left my wallet in the hotel.
3．so...that...如此……以至于……
他那么努力学习以至于在考试中获得了第一名。
He studied so_hard_that he won the first place in the exam.
4.否定词nor/neither放在句首，引起句子部分倒装。
如果你不参加那个晚会，我也不去。
If you don’t go to the party, nor/neither_will_I．
5．not only ...but (also) ...不但……而且……，连接并列成分。
它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会， 而且能让我们好好休息。
It not_only gave us a good chance to get close to nature but_also made us have a good rest.
6．the＋比较级...the＋比较级...
事实上，一个学生越受鼓励，他越努力学习。
As a matter of fact，the_more a student is encouraged, the_harder he will learn.
单元语法
1．As is reported, an old temple in my hometown will_be_rebuilt(rebuild) next month.
2．Some new computers will_be_sent(send) back to the factory to be repaired tomorrow.
3．The new airport will_be_put(put) into use in two years.
4．When the project is_completed(complete), more books will be kept in the library.
5．The students’ papers will be made to_mark(mark) tonight.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．不仅杰克还有他妹妹都被带去观看了2016年里约热内卢奥运会。(not only...but also...)
2．他们手拉手前往位于里约热内卢的马拉卡纳体育场。(hand in hand；Maracana Stadium)
3．许多人也接连不断地来到体育场。(as well；one after another)
4．他们看到了飘扬的奥运会会旗。(Olympic flag)
5．他妹妹问他旗上的五环代表什么。(five inter-linked rings；stand for)
6．那里负责的工作人员告诉他们五环旗作用重大，它象征着五大洲的联合和世界各地运动健儿在奥运会上欢聚一堂。(in charge；play an important role；represent)
7．事实上，观看沙滩排球赛时，他们是如此兴奋，以至于忘记了吃午饭。(as a matter of fact；so...that...)
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One possible version：
Not only Jack but also his sister was taken to watch the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics.They went hand in hand to the Maracana Stadium in Rio de Janeiro.And at the same time many people were coming to the stadium one after another as well.His sister asked him what the five inter-linked rings stood for when they saw the flying Olympic flag.The worker in charge there told them that the flag plays an important role, representing the union of the five continents and the meeting of the athletes of the world at the Olympic Games.As a matter of fact，they were so excited watching the beach volleyball game that they forgot to have their lunch.
课件24张PPT。按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
