课件44张PPT。Unit 3 ComputersUnit 3 ComputersUnit 3 Computers按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
阅读理解
A
I went to see my college counselor(指导老师) in my first year at college. I had been told I couldn’t transfer(转学) until I met with him. I’d decided to change my school, my major, and go west. I knew where I wanted to go and what I wanted at this point.
I was going to transfer to what had been my first－choice school. Now I could go to it with a college semester of straight as in a very good program. Yes, I’d done well at my school, but I found it really unsuitable for me.
The counselor shook his head at me. He didn’t even know me, and he hardly listened or cared. He said I’d feel lost with a school of over 27，000 students. Well, I wanted to say I felt pretty lost and alone here, at his little school, but I didn’t want to be rude.
I couldn’t get a word in, anyway. “And you want to go to law school，” he said in a mocking(嘲笑的) tone! He told me I’d be just another unneeded lawyer out in the world. In two minutes, he seemed to lay out my entire life path just because I had the realization that I picked the wrong college. I was trying to make a change to do the best thing for me.
I transferred anyway and I can say I did it right. Teens and parents shouldn’t feel the original big college decision is the end－all, be－all of life. You can always admit you have made a mistake and want to make a change.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在大一时意识到自己所上的大学并不适合自己，所以决定转学。
1．In the first year of college, the author realized that________.
A．he had gone to a wrong college
B．his college was really suitable for him
C．getting high grades at college was necessary
D．college life was so different from high school life
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的I’d decided to change my school, my major, and go west.及第二段中的Yes, I’d done well at my school, but I found it really unsuitable for me.可知，作者意识到自己选错了学校。
2．Why did the author go to the counselor?
A．To thank him for his help.
B．To talk about his transfer.
C．To complain about his school.
D．To ask some questions about learning.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第一、二句可知，作者去见指导老师是为了谈转学的事情。
3．How did the counselor respond after hearing the author’s idea?
A．He showed great interest.
B．He worried about his future.
C．He offered practical suggestions.
D．He expressed an opposite opinion.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的The counselor shook his head at me...He said I’d feel lost with a school of over 27，000 students.及第四段中的He told me I’d be just another unneeded lawyer out in the world.可知，作者的指导老师不赞成作者转学。
4．How did the author most probably find the counselor’s opinion?
A．Helpful. B．Sincere.
C．Confusing. D．Disappointing.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的In two minutes, he seemed to lay out my entire life path...I was trying to make a change to do the best thing for me.可知，作者和指导老师的意见不一致，他没有采纳老师的意见，据此可知，他对指导老师的意见很失望。
B
Goldfish have pretty boring lives, so maybe it’s a good thing that they can only concentrate for nine seconds！But according to a new research, humans are becoming like goldfish.Our attention span(时长) is getting shorter...and it’s all because of technology.
“We move quickly from one site to another on the web，” says Doctor Ted Selker, a computer scientist from Massachusetts，“and we are losing the ability to concentrate.” With millions of websites to choose from, the attention span of the average Internet user is just seconds.There are other digital distractions(分心) too：e-mail, instant messaging and quickie movies on websites.
Some people are worried about the effect on young people.“You need time to understand and think about what you read，”says Julia Wood, from London.“Young people search the net all the time and their brains become full of useless information but there is no time to make sense of it.I am trying to persuade my pupils to read more books, so that they concentrate on one subject for longer.”
Other teachers are trying more unusual methods to improve students’ concentration.Anne Savan, from Wales, was so worried about her students that she started playing Mozart during her science lessons.She says that it had an amazing effect，“The music made them calmer, and their concentration was much better.”
But not everyone believes that there is a problem.Ray Cole, an educational psychologist says，“On the web, young people learn to make quick decisions about what is and isn’t worth reading.They might look at five unhelpful websites very quickly, before stopping and reading a sixth useful website more carefully.In a world with so much information available, this is an important skill.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。随着科技的发展，人们将大量时间花在浏览网站上，快速不断地浏览使人们的注意力时长越来越短；但是有人认为，浏览网站，可以提高年轻人的判断能力。
5．Why does the writer mention “goldfish”？
A．To analyze data.
B．To introduce a topic.
C．To settle problems.
D．To suggest a way out.
B 解析：推理判断题。文章第一段第一句说金鱼只能集中九秒钟的注意力；结合第一段的第二句But according to a new research, humans are becoming like goldfish.可知，人们正变得像金鱼一样；接着文章提出中心论点：由于技术发展，我们的注意力时长变得越来越短。据此可以判断，作者用金鱼的例子是为了引出文章主题，故B项正确。
6．What may cause a shorter attention span according to Dr.Ted Selker?
A．Skipping around the Internet.
B．Time to digest information.
C．Traditional methods of reading.
D．Making decisions.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的We move quickly from one site to another on the web及and we are losing the ability to concentrate可知，Ted Selker认为，由于人们快速浏览网站，人们正在丧失集中注意力的能力，故A项正确。
7．What will help students overcome a short attention span?
A．Receiving emails.
B．Texting messages.
C．Reading more books.
D．Watching quickie movies.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句I am trying to persuade my pupils to read more books, so that they concentrate on one subject for longer.可知，阅读更多的书将有助于学生克服注意力集中时间短的问题，故C项正确。
8．What is Ray Cole’s attitude towards looking through websites quickly?
A．Cautious. B．Unfavorable.
C．Skeptical. D．Supportive.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的But not everyone believes that there is a problem.及On the web, young people learn to make quick decisions about what is and isn’t worth reading.可知，Ray Cole认为年轻人快速浏览网站可以提高快速判断的能力；据此可判断，Ray Cole对快速浏览网站持支持态度，故D项正确。
完形填空
You may have heard the saying “One good turn deserves another.” It means that when someone __1__ you in a much needed situation, you should also give back when you get the right __2__．
Lanre and his wife had two children. Lanre was educated but __3__. He went for many __4__ but ended up getting unsatisfying results. He was always told to __5__ his contact number and wait for the future spare position.
One day, Lanre’s children were sent home for not __6__ school fees(费用). On the way to their house, the two kids saw a man __7__ on the ground in pain. “He might be a drunk，” they thought. They were too __8__ to get close to the man, so they went home __9__ and told their parents about that. Lanre and his wife were led to the man and seeing the man in such pain, they __10__ to help him.
Being given first aid, the man felt much better and then __11__ the sudden heart disease. He only told Lanre and his wife he was living in the city and went on a trip alone. __12__， the man was the CEO of Badmus Group of Companies!
Later, the man wanted to __13__ Lanre’s home but failed to find his house. One day, he was reading the information of those who had been interviewed when he saw the __14__ of Lanre. He recognized him at once.
The man __15__ Lanre so much that he gave Lanre a __16__ as the General Manager of his company. Lanre became well off __17__ his children rejoined the school.
Although Lanre helped the stranger, he didn’t know he would be __18__ so well. It was his __19__ that led him to a better situation. So one good turn __20__ another.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Lanre多次找工作未果，他的孩子也因交不起学费而被退学。一天，他救了一个倒在地上的突发心脏病的陌生人，此举使他得到了意想不到的回报。
1．A.greets B．helps
C．ignores D．recognizes
B 解析：作者是在解释One good turn deserves another.这个谚语。别人在你有需要的情况下帮助(helps)了你，你要在有合适的机会时回报别人。
2．A.advice B．direction
C．guidance D．opportunity
D 解析：作者是在解释One good turn deserves another.这个谚语。别人在你有需要的情况下帮助了你，你要在有合适的机会(opportunity)时回报别人。
3．A.jobless B．lonely
C．impolite D．stubborn
A 解析：根据后文Lanre找工作多次未果的语境可知，Lanre虽然受过良好教育，但是依然没有工作(jobless)。
4．A.activities B．meetings
C．competitions D．interviews
D 解析：根据语境可知，Lanre为了找工作进行了很多面试(interviews)，但结果都不尽人意。
5．A.notice B．change
C．leave D．remember
C 解析：根据后文的wait for the future spare position可知，Lanre总是被告诉留下(leave)联系方式，等待以后有空余的岗位。
6．A.paying B．recording
C．calculating D．collecting
A 解析：根据语境可知，Lanre的孩子被遣送回家是因为他们没有付(paying)学费。
7．A.standing B．jumping
C．lying D．singing
C 解析：根据语境可知，两个孩子在回家的路上看到有一个人躺(lying)在地上。
8．A.scared B．tired
C．bored D．interested
A 解析：Lanre的孩子认为那人也许是个喝醉酒的人，害怕(scared)走近他。
9．A.secretly B．strangely
C．suddenly D．immediately
D 解析：孩子们不敢走近，所以立即(immediately)回家告诉了父母。
10．A.refused B．decided
C．feared D．pretended
B 解析：孩子们带Lanre夫妇找到了那个人，看到那个人很痛苦，Lanre夫妇应该是决定(decided)帮助他。
11．A.suffered from B．recovered from
C．got used to D．became tired of
B 解析：根据the man felt much better可知，在急救之后，那个人渐渐好转，从突发的心脏病中恢复(recovered from)过来。
12．A.Actually B．Naturally
C．Unavoidably D．Unsurprisingly
A 解析：那个人只是告诉Lanre夫妇他住在这个城市，这次是独自出来旅行，没有透露其他信息。实际上(Actually)，他是一个公司的CEO。
13．A.design B．drop by
C．decorate D．arrive at
B 解析：根据but failed to find his house可知，那个人想来Lanre家拜访(drop by)，但没找到他的家。
14．A.name B．letter
C．photo D．story
C 解析：根据后文的He recognized him at once.可知，那个人应该是在看他公司求职的人的资料时，看到了Lanre的照片(photo)，一眼就认出了他。
15．A.missed B．hated
C．admired D．thanked
D 解析：根据语境可知，Lanre之前帮助过他，他应该是很感谢(thanked) Lanre。
16．A.prize B．goal
C．choice D．position
D 解析：那个人非常感谢Lanre，所以给了他一个公司总经理的职位(position)。
17．A.but B．and
C．or D．as
B 解析：根据语境可知，Lanre变得富裕起来，他的孩子也重新回到了学校。前后是并列关系，因此用and连接。
18．A.cared B．praised
C．rewarded D．described
C 解析：Lanre帮助那个陌生人的时候，并没有想到他会受到如此好的回报(rewarded)。
19．A.kindness B．confidence
C．honesty D．intelligence
A 解析：根据语境可知，是Lanre的善良(kindness)改变了他自己的境况。
20．A.causes B．requires
C．deserves D．exchanges
C 解析：Lanre的事例再次印证了文章开头提到的谚语One good turn deserves another.即：善有善报。
说起键盘两个字最容易联想到的就是电脑，实际上键盘的起源比电脑还要久远得多，最早的键盘要追溯到打字机的发明。
From Typewriters to Computer Keyboards
Computer keyboards are the most widely used input devices(设备). Most of us use them almost every day, at work or at home. But have you ever wondered who invented them and why they look like this?
The origins(起源) of keyboards can be found in the first typing devices created back in the 1700s and 1800s. The first patent(专利权) for a typing machine belonged to the Englishman Henry Mill, back in 1714. Since then, many other typing devices have been patented, but none of them was put to use until 1867.
The first typing machine produced for use was the Remington typewriter, created by Sholes & Glidden. Are you wondering what it looked like? Surprisingly, it was very similar to an old sewing machine(缝纫机). This typewriter model is usually considered as “the first typewriter”．
Since this invention, typing devices went through a lot of changes in shape, size, design and technology, increasing their efficiency(效率) and becoming more user－friendly.
In 1961, IBM made the first model of its selectric typewriter public. This device had a very great influence on modern computer keyboards in terms of efficiency and typing speed.
Throughout the 1950s to 1970s, typewriters became the primary input devices used for computing. Things started to change in the 1970s, when the first computer keyboards made their appearance and typewriters were taken over by these new devices.
In the 1980s, IBM introduced its first personal computer, which came equipped with the Model M keyboard. This is considered the most universal keyboard design and the father of modern keyboards. This device was a big success and it’s still very popular today.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.sum n． 总数；算术题；金额
2．anyhow adv. (也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此
3．revolution n. 革命
4.reality n． 真实；事实；现实
5．operator n. (电脑)操作员；接线员
6．goal n. 目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分
拓展词汇
7.simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的
8．logical adj.合逻辑的；合情理的→logically adv.逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地→logic n．逻辑
9．technology n．工艺；科技；技术→technological adj.科技的
10．intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能→intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的
11．personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→personally adv.就个人而言；亲自
12.solve vt.解决；解答→solution n．方法
13．application n．应用；用途；申请→apply v．应用；涉及；申请→applicant n．申请人；求职者
14．finance n．金融；财经→financial adj.财政的；金融的；资金的
15．explore vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究→explorer n．探险家；勘探者→exploration n．探索
16．happiness n．幸福，快乐→happy adj.幸福的，快乐的
阅读词汇
17.calculate vt. 计算
18．universal adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的
19．artificial adj. 人造的；假的
20．network n. 网络；网状物
21.mobile adj. 可移动的；机动的
22．rocket n. 火箭
23．Mars n. 火星
重点短语
1.from...on 从……时起
2．as_a_result 结果
3．so...that... 如此……以至于……
4．since_the_1970s 自20世纪70年代以来
5.have_sth.in_common 有共同之处
6．provide_sb.with_sth. 为某人提供某物
7．a_devoted_friend 一位忠诚的朋友
8．share_sth.with_sb. 与某人分享某事
重点句型
1.It be/takes ＋ 一段时间＋before...过了多久才……：I developed very slowly and it_took_nearly_two_hundred_years_before(差不多200年之后才) I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
2．by＋时间点意为“到……时候”，谓语动词常用完成时：By the 1940s I had_grown_as_large_as_a_room(我已经长得像一间屋子那么大), and I wondered if I would grow any larger.
3．as 引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”：As_time_went_by (随着时间的推移), I was made smaller.
4．be to do sth.动词不定式作表语：Anyhow, my goal is_to_provide_humans_with_a_life_of_high_quality(是为人类提供高质量的生活).
Fast-reading
Scan the text and do the following exercises.
1．What is the main idea of the text?
A．The advantages of the computer.
B．The latest development of the computer.
C．The importance of the computer.
D．The history of the computer.
答案：D
2．Find out the topic sentences of each paragraph.
Para．1_____________________________________________________________________
Para．2_____________________________________________________________________
Para．3_____________________________________________________________________
答案：Para．1：Over time I have been changed quite a lot.
Para．2：These changes only became possible as my memory improved.
Para．3：Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.
Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．When did the computer come into being?
A．1640. B．1642.
C．1822. D．1936.
2．Who really invented the computer?
A．Charles Babbage.
B．Bill Gates.
C．Alan Turing.
D．Thomas Edison.
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Charles Babbage built an analytical machine in 1642.
B．Alan Turing wrote a book about how the computer could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem in 1936.
C．The computers were first connected by a network in the late 1960s.
D．Since the 1960s the computer has been used to help with medical operations.
4．What can we infer from the text?
A．The computer can take the place of humans.
B．The smaller a computer is, the faster it calculates.
C．Computers can solve all the problems of human beings.
D．People can benefit more from computers in the future.
答案：1－4.BCBD
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
and连接两个并列句；before I was built as an analytical machine by...为before引导的时间状语从句。
[翻译] 我发展缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴贝奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
2．After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes, I could “think” logically and produce an answer quicker than any person.
本句的主干句是：I could “think” logically and produce an answer..., and连接两个并列句，who used cards with holes是定语从句，After I was programmed by an operator是时间状语从句。
[翻译] 在操作员用穿孔卡为我设计程序之后，我能够进行逻辑“思考”，并且能够比任何人更快地算出答案。
3．But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network.
本句的主干句是：But I was always so lonely，standing there by myself是现在分词短语作状语，until in the early 1960s they gave me a family是时间状语从句，connected by a network是过去分词短语作定语。
[翻译] 但我总是孤孤单单地站在那里，直到20世纪60年代初，人们才给了我一个用网络连成的家。
①calculate['k?lkj?leIt]vt.计算
calculator['k?lkj?leIt?]n.计算器
calculation n．[C，U]计算
②simplify['sImplIfaI]vt.简化
③sum[s?m]n.总数；算术题；金额
a sum of money一笔钱
④program['pr??ɡr?m]v.编写程序
n．程序
programmer['pr??ɡr?m?]
n．程序员，程序师
⑤operator['?p?reIt?]n.(电脑)操作员；接线员
⑥logically['l?d?IklI]adv.逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地
logical['l?d?Ikl]adj.合逻辑的；合情理的
⑦technological[?tekn?'l?d?Ikl]adj.科技的
⑧revolution[?rev?'lu??n]n.革命
revolutionary[rev?'lu???n?rI]adj.革命的，大变革的
⑨artificial[?ɑ?tI'fI?l]adj.人造的；假的
⑩intelligence[In'telId??ns]n.智力；聪明；智能
artificial intelligence人工智能
intelligence quotient(＝IQ)智商
?solve[s?lv]vt.解决；解答
?from...on从……时起
?reality[rI'?l?tI]n.真实；事实；现实
in reality事实上，实际上
?personal['p??s?nl]adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的
personally['p??s?n?lI]adv.就个人而言；亲自
?since prep. 自……以后，从……以来
?tube[tju?b]n.管；管子；电子管
?transistor[tr?n'zIst?]n.晶体管
?as a result结果
as a result of 由于，因为
?totally['t??tlI]adv.完全地；整个地
total['t??tl]adj.总的；整个的n.总数，合计
in total＝in all 总计，合计
?network['netw??k]n.网络；网状物
(web[web]n.网
(application[??plI'keI?n]n.应用；用途；申请
(finance['faIn?ns]n.金融；财经
financial adj.金融的；财政的
(mobile['m??baIl]adj.可移动的；机动的
(rocket['r?kIt]n.火箭
(explore[Ik'spl??]vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究
exploration[?ekspl?'reI?n]n.探索；探究；探测
(anyhow['enIha?]adv.(也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此
(goal[ɡ??l]n.目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分
(happiness['h?pInIs]n.幸福；快乐
(devoted adj. 忠实的
(human race人类
【核心素养链接】
艾伦·图灵(1912－1954)是英国数学家、逻辑学家，被称为计算机科学之父、人工智能之父，提出了“图灵机”和“图灵测试”等重要概念。二战期间，图灵协助盟军破解了德国的密码系统Enigma，为结束战争做出了巨大贡献。图灵提出的图灵机模型为现代计算机的逻辑工作方式奠定了基础。对于人工智能的发展有诸多贡献，他还提出了一种用于判定机器是否具有智能的试验方法，即图灵测试。为了纪念他对计算机科学的卓越贡献，美国计算机协会于1966年设立了一年一度的图灵奖，以表彰在计算机科学中做出突出贡献的人，此奖项被誉为计算机科学界的诺贝尔奖。
WHO AM I?
Over time I have been changed quite a lot. I began as a calculating① machine in France in 1642. Although I was young I could simplify② difficult sums③. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. After I was programmed④ by an operator⑤ who used cards with holes, I could “think” logically⑥ and produce an answer quicker than any person. At that time it was considered a technological⑦ revolution⑧ and the start of my “artificial⑨ intelligence⑩”. In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve? any difficult mathematical problem. From then on?， I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger. However, this reality? also worried my designers. As time went by, I was made smaller. First as a PC (personal? computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since? the 1970s.
◆“it took/was＋一段时间＋before...”是固定句型，表示“过了……(时间)才……”。
◆Alan Turing是my real father的同位语；how引导的从句作介词about的宾语。动词不定式短语to solve any difficult mathematical problem作定语，修饰“universal machine”。
◆As time went by 为as引导的时间状语从句。
These changes only became possible as my memory improved. First it was stored in tubes?， then on transistors? and later on very small chips. As a result? I totally? changed my shape. As I have grown older I have also grown smaller. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it! But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network?. I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web(.
◆本句为主从复合句。so...that引导结果状语从句，其中I have been told为省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词anything。本句中“like an elephant”来源于一句英语谚语：An elephant never forgets。
◆本句为主从复合句。until引导时间状语从句。在主句中，现在分词standing there by myself在句中作状语。在从句中，过去分词短语connected by a network作后置定语，修饰a family。
Since the 1970s many new applications( have been found for me. I have become very important in communication, finance( and trade. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile( phones as well as help with medical operations.I have even been put into space rockets( and sent to explore(the Moon and Mars. Anyhow(, my goal( is to provide humans with a life of high quality. I am now truly filled with happiness( that I am a devoted( friend and helper of the human race(!
◆to provide humans with a life of high quality为不定式短语作表语。
我是谁？
随着时间的流逝，我已经被改变了很多。1642年我在法国诞生时是一台计算机器。虽然我很年轻，但我能把复杂的算术简单化。我发展缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴贝奇才把我制成了一台分析机。在操作员用穿孔卡为我设计程序之后，我能够进行逻辑“思考”，并且能够比任何人更快地算出答案。那时这被当作是一次技术革命，也是我“人工智能”的开始。在1936年，我真正的父亲，艾伦·图灵写了一本书，讲述了怎样能使我成为一台“通用机器”来解决任何数学难题。从那时起，在体型和智能方面我都快速发展。到20世纪40年代，我已经长得像一间房屋那样大了，我不知道我是否还会再变得更大。然而，这个现实也使我的设计者们担心。随着时间的推移，我被制造得更小了。自从20世纪70年代以来，我已经被用于办公室和家庭，开始时是作为个人电脑，后来作为笔记本电脑。
随着我的记忆能力的提高，这些变化才成为可能。最初是被存储到电子管上，以后是晶体管上，后来是非常小的芯片上。结果我的形状完全改变了。随着年龄的增长，我变得更小了。随着时间的流逝，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！我的记忆能力变得如此之大，以至于我自己都不敢相信！但我总是孤孤单单地站在那里，直到20世纪60年代初期，人们才给了我一个用网络连成的家。我终于能够通过万维网和其他人分享我的知识。
从20世纪70年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。在通讯、金融和贸易方面我变得非常重要。人们还把我放到机器人里，并把我用于制造手机和辅助医疗手术。我甚至还被安装在航天火箭里去探索月球和火星。不管怎样，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。能成为人类忠实的朋友和助手我现在真的很高兴！
阅读理解
A
I went to see my college counselor(指导老师) in my first year at college. I had been told I couldn’t transfer(转学) until I met with him. I’d decided to change my school, my major, and go west. I knew where I wanted to go and what I wanted at this point.
I was going to transfer to what had been my first－choice school. Now I could go to it with a college semester of straight as in a very good program. Yes, I’d done well at my school, but I found it really unsuitable for me.
The counselor shook his head at me. He didn’t even know me, and he hardly listened or cared. He said I’d feel lost with a school of over 27，000 students. Well, I wanted to say I felt pretty lost and alone here, at his little school, but I didn’t want to be rude.
I couldn’t get a word in, anyway. “And you want to go to law school，” he said in a mocking(嘲笑的) tone! He told me I’d be just another unneeded lawyer out in the world. In two minutes, he seemed to lay out my entire life path just because I had the realization that I picked the wrong college. I was trying to make a change to do the best thing for me.
I transferred anyway and I can say I did it right. Teens and parents shouldn’t feel the original big college decision is the end－all, be－all of life. You can always admit you have made a mistake and want to make a change.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在大一时意识到自己所上的大学并不适合自己，所以决定转学。
1．In the first year of college, the author realized that________.
A．he had gone to a wrong college
B．his college was really suitable for him
C．getting high grades at college was necessary
D．college life was so different from high school life
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的I’d decided to change my school, my major, and go west.及第二段中的Yes, I’d done well at my school, but I found it really unsuitable for me.可知，作者意识到自己选错了学校。
2．Why did the author go to the counselor?
A．To thank him for his help.
B．To talk about his transfer.
C．To complain about his school.
D．To ask some questions about learning.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第一、二句可知，作者去见指导老师是为了谈转学的事情。
3．How did the counselor respond after hearing the author’s idea?
A．He showed great interest.
B．He worried about his future.
C．He offered practical suggestions.
D．He expressed an opposite opinion.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的The counselor shook his head at me...He said I’d feel lost with a school of over 27，000 students.及第四段中的He told me I’d be just another unneeded lawyer out in the world.可知，作者的指导老师不赞成作者转学。
4．How did the author most probably find the counselor’s opinion?
A．Helpful. B．Sincere.
C．Confusing. D．Disappointing.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的In two minutes, he seemed to lay out my entire life path...I was trying to make a change to do the best thing for me.可知，作者和指导老师的意见不一致，他没有采纳老师的意见，据此可知，他对指导老师的意见很失望。
B
Goldfish have pretty boring lives, so maybe it’s a good thing that they can only concentrate for nine seconds！But according to a new research, humans are becoming like goldfish.Our attention span(时长) is getting shorter...and it’s all because of technology.
“We move quickly from one site to another on the web，” says Doctor Ted Selker, a computer scientist from Massachusetts，“and we are losing the ability to concentrate.” With millions of websites to choose from, the attention span of the average Internet user is just seconds.There are other digital distractions(分心) too：e-mail, instant messaging and quickie movies on websites.
Some people are worried about the effect on young people.“You need time to understand and think about what you read，”says Julia Wood, from London.“Young people search the net all the time and their brains become full of useless information but there is no time to make sense of it.I am trying to persuade my pupils to read more books, so that they concentrate on one subject for longer.”
Other teachers are trying more unusual methods to improve students’ concentration.Anne Savan, from Wales, was so worried about her students that she started playing Mozart during her science lessons.She says that it had an amazing effect，“The music made them calmer, and their concentration was much better.”
But not everyone believes that there is a problem.Ray Cole, an educational psychologist says，“On the web, young people learn to make quick decisions about what is and isn’t worth reading.They might look at five unhelpful websites very quickly, before stopping and reading a sixth useful website more carefully.In a world with so much information available, this is an important skill.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。随着科技的发展，人们将大量时间花在浏览网站上，快速不断地浏览使人们的注意力时长越来越短；但是有人认为，浏览网站，可以提高年轻人的判断能力。
5．Why does the writer mention “goldfish”？
A．To analyze data.
B．To introduce a topic.
C．To settle problems.
D．To suggest a way out.
B 解析：推理判断题。文章第一段第一句说金鱼只能集中九秒钟的注意力；结合第一段的第二句But according to a new research, humans are becoming like goldfish.可知，人们正变得像金鱼一样；接着文章提出中心论点：由于技术发展，我们的注意力时长变得越来越短。据此可以判断，作者用金鱼的例子是为了引出文章主题，故B项正确。
6．What may cause a shorter attention span according to Dr.Ted Selker?
A．Skipping around the Internet.
B．Time to digest information.
C．Traditional methods of reading.
D．Making decisions.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的We move quickly from one site to another on the web及and we are losing the ability to concentrate可知，Ted Selker认为，由于人们快速浏览网站，人们正在丧失集中注意力的能力，故A项正确。
7．What will help students overcome a short attention span?
A．Receiving emails.
B．Texting messages.
C．Reading more books.
D．Watching quickie movies.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句I am trying to persuade my pupils to read more books, so that they concentrate on one subject for longer.可知，阅读更多的书将有助于学生克服注意力集中时间短的问题，故C项正确。
8．What is Ray Cole’s attitude towards looking through websites quickly?
A．Cautious. B．Unfavorable.
C．Skeptical. D．Supportive.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的But not everyone believes that there is a problem.及On the web, young people learn to make quick decisions about what is and isn’t worth reading.可知，Ray Cole认为年轻人快速浏览网站可以提高快速判断的能力；据此可判断，Ray Cole对快速浏览网站持支持态度，故D项正确。
完形填空
You may have heard the saying “One good turn deserves another.” It means that when someone __1__ you in a much needed situation, you should also give back when you get the right __2__．
Lanre and his wife had two children. Lanre was educated but __3__. He went for many __4__ but ended up getting unsatisfying results. He was always told to __5__ his contact number and wait for the future spare position.
One day, Lanre’s children were sent home for not __6__ school fees(费用). On the way to their house, the two kids saw a man __7__ on the ground in pain. “He might be a drunk，” they thought. They were too __8__ to get close to the man, so they went home __9__ and told their parents about that. Lanre and his wife were led to the man and seeing the man in such pain, they __10__ to help him.
Being given first aid, the man felt much better and then __11__ the sudden heart disease. He only told Lanre and his wife he was living in the city and went on a trip alone. __12__， the man was the CEO of Badmus Group of Companies!
Later, the man wanted to __13__ Lanre’s home but failed to find his house. One day, he was reading the information of those who had been interviewed when he saw the __14__ of Lanre. He recognized him at once.
The man __15__ Lanre so much that he gave Lanre a __16__ as the General Manager of his company. Lanre became well off __17__ his children rejoined the school.
Although Lanre helped the stranger, he didn’t know he would be __18__ so well. It was his __19__ that led him to a better situation. So one good turn __20__ another.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Lanre多次找工作未果，他的孩子也因交不起学费而被退学。一天，他救了一个倒在地上的突发心脏病的陌生人，此举使他得到了意想不到的回报。
1．A.greets B．helps
C．ignores D．recognizes
B 解析：作者是在解释One good turn deserves another.这个谚语。别人在你有需要的情况下帮助(helps)了你，你要在有合适的机会时回报别人。
2．A.advice B．direction
C．guidance D．opportunity
D 解析：作者是在解释One good turn deserves another.这个谚语。别人在你有需要的情况下帮助了你，你要在有合适的机会(opportunity)时回报别人。
3．A.jobless B．lonely
C．impolite D．stubborn
A 解析：根据后文Lanre找工作多次未果的语境可知，Lanre虽然受过良好教育，但是依然没有工作(jobless)。
4．A.activities B．meetings
C．competitions D．interviews
D 解析：根据语境可知，Lanre为了找工作进行了很多面试(interviews)，但结果都不尽人意。
5．A.notice B．change
C．leave D．remember
C 解析：根据后文的wait for the future spare position可知，Lanre总是被告诉留下(leave)联系方式，等待以后有空余的岗位。
6．A.paying B．recording
C．calculating D．collecting
A 解析：根据语境可知，Lanre的孩子被遣送回家是因为他们没有付(paying)学费。
7．A.standing B．jumping
C．lying D．singing
C 解析：根据语境可知，两个孩子在回家的路上看到有一个人躺(lying)在地上。
8．A.scared B．tired
C．bored D．interested
A 解析：Lanre的孩子认为那人也许是个喝醉酒的人，害怕(scared)走近他。
9．A.secretly B．strangely
C．suddenly D．immediately
D 解析：孩子们不敢走近，所以立即(immediately)回家告诉了父母。
10．A.refused B．decided
C．feared D．pretended
B 解析：孩子们带Lanre夫妇找到了那个人，看到那个人很痛苦，Lanre夫妇应该是决定(decided)帮助他。
11．A.suffered from B．recovered from
C．got used to D．became tired of
B 解析：根据the man felt much better可知，在急救之后，那个人渐渐好转，从突发的心脏病中恢复(recovered from)过来。
12．A.Actually B．Naturally
C．Unavoidably D．Unsurprisingly
A 解析：那个人只是告诉Lanre夫妇他住在这个城市，这次是独自出来旅行，没有透露其他信息。实际上(Actually)，他是一个公司的CEO。
13．A.design B．drop by
C．decorate D．arrive at
B 解析：根据but failed to find his house可知，那个人想来Lanre家拜访(drop by)，但没找到他的家。
14．A.name B．letter
C．photo D．story
C 解析：根据后文的He recognized him at once.可知，那个人应该是在看他公司求职的人的资料时，看到了Lanre的照片(photo)，一眼就认出了他。
15．A.missed B．hated
C．admired D．thanked
D 解析：根据语境可知，Lanre之前帮助过他，他应该是很感谢(thanked) Lanre。
16．A.prize B．goal
C．choice D．position
D 解析：那个人非常感谢Lanre，所以给了他一个公司总经理的职位(position)。
17．A.but B．and
C．or D．as
B 解析：根据语境可知，Lanre变得富裕起来，他的孩子也重新回到了学校。前后是并列关系，因此用and连接。
18．A.cared B．praised
C．rewarded D．described
C 解析：Lanre帮助那个陌生人的时候，并没有想到他会受到如此好的回报(rewarded)。
19．A.kindness B．confidence
C．honesty D．intelligence
A 解析：根据语境可知，是Lanre的善良(kindness)改变了他自己的境况。
20．A.causes B．requires
C．deserves D．exchanges
C 解析：Lanre的事例再次印证了文章开头提到的谚语One good turn deserves another.即：善有善报。
课件38张PPT。Unit 3 Computers按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
品句填词
1．It was generally believed that the show was not as successful as expected, but personally(就个人而言), I think it was a great success.
2．I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore(探索) the history of the castle.
3．He said he didn’t know much about computers but he’d try and help us anyhow(无论如何)．
4．Music is the universal(通用的) language of mankind.
5．The telephone operator(接线员) cut us off before we had finished our conversation.
6．Math can help people to practice logical(逻辑的) thinking.
7．I’d like to borrow a book on computer technology(技术)．
8．We must pass an intelligence(智力) test before being hired by the boss.
9．Work hard, and you will achieve your goal(目标)．
10．Charlie thought money could solve(解决) all his problems, but he was wrong.
完成句子
1．他与大多数美国人一样，喜欢足球运动。
In__common__with__most__American__people,__he enjoys football.
2．我写信申请成为50周年校庆的主持人。
I’m writing to__apply__for__the__position as the host for the 50th anniversary of our school.
3．昨天夜里过了很久我才睡着。
It__took__a__long__time__before I fell asleep last night.
4．他们到那里时，我们已经把工作做完了。
By the time they got there, we had__finished__the__work．
5．我希望您不会介意我这么问，不过我想知道是否有可能与您同住这间房。
I hope you do not mind my asking, but I__wonder__if it is possible to share the room with you.
课文语法填空
The computer began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.It could 1.simplify(simple) difficult sums. Nearly two hundred years later, Charles Babbage built 2.an analytical machine. It could “think” 3.logically(logical) and produce an answer quicker than any person, 4.which was considered a technological revolution at that time. In 1936, Alan Turing wrote a book about how the computer could be made to work as a “universal machine” 5.to__solve(solve) any difficult mathematical problem. By the 1940s, the computer had grown as large as a room. With time 6.going(go) by, it was made smaller. Since the 1970s the computer 7.has__been__used(use) in offices and homes.
As the computer’s memory improved, it became more and more intelligent. The computer’s memory has developed 8.so much that the computer remembers everything it has been told. In the early 1960s, computers could be connected by a network 9.called(call) the World Wide Web.
Many new 10.applications(apply) have been found for the computer since the 1970s. The goal of the computer is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
单句语法填空
1．The key is to take effective steps to turn these possibilities into realities(real)．
2．The English language is widely used in the world, and is considered to be a universal(universe) language.
3．Ken thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job.
4．The smiles and happiness(happy) of the children gave him courage to work hard every day.
5．In front of so many people, Alice presented her ideas clearly and logically(logical)．
6．According to the report made on Sunday, some people saw important technological(technology) progress.
7．Artificial intelligence(intelligent) is the ability of a computer to learn to perform human－like operations and make decisions.
8．Personally(personal), I think that it was right for my son to save the injured dog.
9．Bob wants to buy another car. But I think it’s totally(total) unnecessary.
10．The result of the study has some practical applications(apply). For example, we can use it to help the sick.
阅读理解
A
When Tiffany was 16 years old, her mother, a cigarette smoker, died of lung cancer. “Watching her suffer and cough was terrible，” she says. “I felt alone and scared, and I felt it could have been prevented.”
However, Tiffany started smoking in her late teens. She says, “In my college, a lot of students were smoking, and I wanted to fit in.” Throughout the years, she tried to quit, but it wasn’t until her daughter was 16 years old that she thought of her mother’s death and tried hard to quit.
In the process of quitting, she set a date to quit smoking and reached out to family and friends for support. Tiffany also changed her morning habit. Instead of getting up an hour early to drink coffee and smoke, she enjoyed an extra hour of sleep. She threw all the cigarettes in her home and car. Every time she went out, she would carry a picture of her mother, especially during long road trips, to remind her of everything her mother went through and her death from lung cancer. For a while, Tiffany avoided social events where she might be encouraged to smoke. She drank a lot of water and started exercising more often. She quickly realized that without cigarettes, she was more energetic.
However, sometimes she still wanted a cigarette. Luckily, her family and friends were there for her. But her biggest motivation(动力) was her daughter. “She was so happy and so proud of me when I quit，” says Tiffany. “I love her so much, and watching her grow up and thinking how successful she could be make me excited. I can’t bear the thought of missing out on any of the important occasions in her life. I quit because I want to be around for her！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Tiffany吸烟的原因以及后来她为了女儿戒烟的经过。
1．What did Tiffany most probably think caused her mother’s death？
A．Her heavy cigarette smoking.
B．The loneliness and scare in her heart.
C．Her extremely high pressure from work.
D．No proper treatment for a serious cough.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可推断，Tiffany认为她妈妈的死是吸烟造成的。
2．In order to quit smoking, Tiffany ever tried to________．
A．take more long road trips
B．sleep early and get up late
C．draw pictures of her mother
D．keep away from smoking environment
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的For a while, Tiffany avoided social events where she might be encouraged to smoke.可知，为了戒烟，她一度避免去那些可能会使她吸烟的场合。
3．Which of the following played a key role in encouraging Tiffany to quit smoking?
A．Motivation coming from her colleagues.
B．Thinking of her daughter’s future.
C．Support from her family and friends.
D．Learning more about the dangers of smoking.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中引用的Tiffany的话可知，女儿的未来是她戒烟的动力，她不想错过女儿一生中任何重要的场合。
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Why smoking is dangerous.
B．How the author stopped smoking.
C．Why and how Tiffany quit smoking.
D．How Tiffany was encouraged to quit smoking.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了Tiffany为什么决定戒烟以及如何戒烟。
B
The idea behind Facebook is to make us feel connected all the time.But in my research, I’ve found that the truth is quite different.
Technology, it turns out, has made being alone seem like a problem that needs solving.When young people are alone, even for a minute or two, they feel the need to connect, to get on Facebook or some other social networks and chat.But in connecting, they often end up feeling more isolated．Why？Because by being in constant(不断的)connection, they lose the ability to feel satisfied with their own company(独处)．
Facebook can help us keep in touch with our friends, but we too often use it instead of spending face-to-face time with them.And since we feel the need to keep up with them online, we don’t have moments of loneliness where we can collect our thoughts and learn how to be comfortable being alone.
—Sherry Turkle, Professor
Facebook connects more of us to more of our friends and family in more places than we have ever been connected before.Yes, Facebook is a huge time sink—maybe the biggest ever.Many people post useless stuff.And seeing too much of your friends’ lives can make you jealous(嫉妒的), but it won’t make you lonely.
Jane, a former student of mine, who is back in New York after living abroad for ten years, told me that Facebook helps her a lot.The first time she moved back to New York from abroad, she felt disconnected from her family and friends.Now，because of lots of photos and information updates(更新), she knows what is happening with her friends all the time.
In fact, if you are lonely in real life, you will be lonely online as well.
—Sree Sreenivasan, Chief Digital Officer
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了社交网络是否使人们变得越来越孤独。
5．The underlined word “isolated” in Paragraph 2 means“________”．
A．free B．selfish
C．careless D．lonely
D 解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的made being alone seem like a problem...When young people are alone可知，isolated此处指“孤独的”，故选D项。
6．According to Sherry Turkle, we should________.
A．feel satisfied with our life
B．avoid using social networks
C．keep in touch with our friends
D．enjoy moments of loneliness
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的we don’t have moments of loneliness where we can collect our thoughts and learn how to be comfortable being alone可知，Sherry Turkle认为我们应该学会享受孤独。
7．What’s Jane’s attitude towards Facebook?
A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful.
C．Thankful. D．Regretful.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Jane描述她从Facebook里了解朋友们的生活以及Facebook helps her a lot可知，Jane对Facebook应该是充满感激之情。
8．The purpose of the text is to________.
A．educate B．discuss
C．persuade D．introduce
B 解析：写作意图题。从本文贯穿始终的alone和lonely以及两位人士对社交网络Facebook的不同观点可知，本文对社交网络是否使人们变得越来越孤独进行了探讨。
七选五
Five Tips for Dealing with Your Boss!
Do you have the best boss in the world? Or the worst? Either way, you need to know how to deal with him/her if you want to be happy and successful at work. Here are our top tips.
Ask
There’s a saying in English，“If you don’t ask, the answer will always be no.” Do you want a raise or a holiday? 1.________ Yes, sometimes it’s scary(令人害怕的), but it’ll be easier if you plan what you’re going to say first.
2．________
Work can be stressful(有压力的). But always remember to keep your cool when dealing with your boss. If you stay calm, you’ll earn their respect(尊重). If you’re unhappy about something, wait until you’ve calmed down before speaking to him or her.
Get it in writing
If your boss promises you something (like a raise or a holiday), ask for it in writing. That way you’ll have a paper trail. 3.________
Understand your boss
Every boss has a different management style. Is yours a micro-manager or are they hands-off? Are they organised or disorganised? 4.________ Understand their style so you can decide how to work with them.
Get along well with your boss
You see your boss a lot. Almost as much as you see your family! So try to stay on good terms with him or her. 5.________
A．Do what you say you’ll do
B．Learn to control your feelings
C．Are they good or bad communicators?
D．You won’t get it if you don’t ask your boss.
E．You should tell your boss when you’ve made a mistake.
F．If they suddenly “forget” what they said, you may take it out.
G．If the relationship breaks down, your job will be even more stressful.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何和老板处好关系提出了一些建议。
1．D 解析：由该段小标题Ask和该空前的Do you want a raise or a holiday？可知，如果你想要涨工资或是休假的话就得敢问老板，故选D项。
2．B 解析：由该段中的keep your cool和stay calm可知，作者建议要学会控制自己的情绪，故选B项。
3．F 解析：由该空前的内容可知，如果老板向你承诺了什么的话，应该让他写下来。万一日后他“忘了”，你就可以拿出来，故选F项。
4．C 解析：由该空前的management style和那两个问题可知，这里是说不同类型的老板，故选C项。
5．G 解析：由该段小标题Get along well with your boss可知，如果你和老板之间的关系不好了，那么你的工作就不好干了，故选G项。
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
have...in common 与……有共同点，与……共有
(教材P17)In pairs discuss what they have in common.
同桌讨论一下它们有什么共同点。
have nothing/a lot in common (with...) (与……)无/有许多共同之处
in common 共同，共有，共用
in common with... 和……一样
①To my surprise, although they are brothers, they have nothing in common.
令我惊讶的是，虽然他们是兄弟，但他们没有共同之处。
②In common with many young people，he prefers pop music to classical music.
和许多年轻人一样，他更喜欢流行音乐，而不太喜欢古典音乐。
[链接写作]——完成句子
他们发现他们有很多共同之处，且彼此相处很好。
They found that they had_a_lot_in_common and got on well with each other.
solve vt.解决；解答
(经典佳句)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.
我们在解决问题前需要找到其根源。
(1)solve a problem 解决一个问题
(2)solution n. 解决办法，处理手段
a solution to sth. 某事的解决方法
①We couldn’t solve the problem by ourselves. So we should turn to our teacher for help.
我们自己无法解决问题， 因此我们应该向老师求助。
②There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题亟待解决。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It may take a long time to find a solution(solve) to the problem.
②With all problems solved(solve), I went to see a film with my friends.
from...on 从……时起
(教材P18)From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.
从那时起，在体积和智能方面我都迅速发展。
from now on 从今以后
from then on 从那时起
from that day on 从那天起
①Please be more careful when you cross the street from now on.
从今以后你过马路时请更加小心。
②From that day on, the ending of the missing Amber Room remains a mystery.
从那天起，丢失的琥珀屋的结局仍是一个谜。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①从现在起，我们应该更加注意保护环境。
From_now_on,_we should pay more attention to protecting the environment.
②1990年他们相识，从此两人一直保持联系。
They got to know each other in 1990 and from_then_on they remained in touch with each other.
reality n．真实；事实；现实
(教材P18)However，this reality also worried my designers.
然而，这个现实也使我的设计者们很担心。
(1)in reality 实际上
bring...back to reality 使……面对现实/不再抱有幻想
turn...into a reality 把……变为现实
(2)real adj. 真实的
realize vt. 实现
He looked very confident and calm, but in reality he was extremely nervous.
他看上去自信且冷静，事实上他非常地紧张。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①His dream of becoming an athlete to take part in the Olympics has become a reality(real)．
②He was sure that all his plans would be realized(realize)．
[链接写作]——完成句子
③年轻时我们应该努力工作，把“中国梦”变为现实。
We ought to work hard to turn_Chinese_dream_into_a_reality when we are young.
as a result 结果
(经典例句)As a result, they agreed to my advice, and everything went well as planned.
结果，他们赞同我的建议，一切按计划进展顺利。
(1)as a result “因此；结果”；副词短语，常作状语，使用时其前常有一个表示原因的句子；
(2)as a result of “由于；因为”，是介词短语，连接名词、代词、动名词。
①The traffic was very heavy, and as a result I arrived late.
交通非常拥挤，因此我迟到了。
②The sports meeting has to be put off as a result of the weather.
由于天气原因，运动会不得不推迟。
[链接写作]——一句多译
他昨晚熬夜了，结果今天没有按时起床。
①He stayed up too late last night; as_a_result,_he didn’t get up on time today.
②He didn’t get up on time today as_a_result_of staying up too late last night.
totally adv.完全地；整个地
(教材P18)As a result I totally changed my shape.
结果我的形状完全改变了。
total adj. 总的；整个的
n. 总数；合计
in total 总共
a total of 总数，总共
①I totally agree with what you said just now.
我完全同意你刚刚说的话。
②The young man was fined 300 yuan in total for speeding.
这个年轻人因超速总计罚款300元。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Although they come from totally(total) different cultures, they get along well with each other.
②In total, the salesman charged me 5，000 yuan for the computer.
application n．应用；用途；申请
(教材P18)Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.
从20世纪70年代起，我又被开发出了很多新的用途。
(1)application form 申请表
(2)apply v. 应用；申请
apply to...for... 向……申请……
(3)equally adv. 同样地；平等地
①I would be very grateful if you could kindly consider my application.
如果你能诚恳地考虑我的申请，我会很感激的。
②The technology has a wide application in IT field.
这项技术在信息工业领域得到了广泛应用。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I’d appreciate it if you can help me fill in the application(apply) form for a new passport.
②I’m writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.
explore vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究
(教材P18)I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.
我甚至还被安装在航天火箭里去探索月球和火星。
exploration n． [C，U]探索
explorer n. 探险者
His dream of being an explorer has become a reality.
他成为一名探险者的梦想已成为现实。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
You can then use this hut as a base for exploration(explore) into the mountains around.
anyhow adv.(也作anyway)无论如何；即使如此；反正；而且；尽管
(教材P18)Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
不管怎样，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。
(1)anyhow＝anyway adv. 不管怎样；无论如何；即使如此
(2)somehow adv. 以某种方式；不知怎么地
①Anyhow I disagree with him.
反正我不同意他的看法。
②Anyhow/Anyway, we must finish the work today.
无论如何，今天我们必须完成这项工作。
[链接写作]——完成句子
我们恐怕去不了了，不过还是感谢你的邀请。
I am afraid we can’t come, but thanks for your invitation anyhow．
It be/takes＋一段时间＋before...“过了多久才……”
(教材P18)I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.
我发展缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴贝奇才把我制成了一台分析机。
(1)It takes＋时间段＋before＋从句...表示“过了多久才……”。
(2)It will (not) be＋时间段＋before＋从句(一般现在时)要过多久才……(用不了多久就……)。
(3)It was (not)＋时间段＋before＋从句(一般过去时)
过了多久才……(没过多久就……)。
①It took months before we solved the financial problem of our company.
我们花了几个月的时间才解决了公司的财务问题。
②It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.
还有半年你才从这所学校毕业。
[链接写作]——完成句子
如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
If you miss this chance，it_may_be_years_before you get another one.
as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”
(教材P18)As time went by，I was made smaller.
随着时间的推移，我被制造得更小了。
(1)as是连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。
(2)with是介词，意为“随着”，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。
①As time went by, he realized that health was more important than wealth.
随着时间的流逝，他开始意识到，健康重于财富。
②As the deadline drew near, I worked harder.
随着截止日期的来临，我工作得更勤奋了。
[链接写作]——一句多译
随着长大，她变得更漂亮了。
①As she grows(grow) up, she becomes more beautiful.
②With her growing(grow) up, she becomes more beautiful.
品句填词
1．It was generally believed that the show was not as successful as expected, but personally(就个人而言), I think it was a great success.
2．I’m going to take advantage of this tour to explore(探索) the history of the castle.
3．He said he didn’t know much about computers but he’d try and help us anyhow(无论如何)．
4．Music is the universal(通用的) language of mankind.
5．The telephone operator(接线员) cut us off before we had finished our conversation.
6．Math can help people to practice logical(逻辑的) thinking.
7．I’d like to borrow a book on computer technology(技术)．
8．We must pass an intelligence(智力) test before being hired by the boss.
9．Work hard, and you will achieve your goal(目标)．
10．Charlie thought money could solve(解决) all his problems, but he was wrong.
完成句子
1．他与大多数美国人一样，喜欢足球运动。
In__common__with__most__American__people,__he enjoys football.
2．我写信申请成为50周年校庆的主持人。
I’m writing to__apply__for__the__position as the host for the 50th anniversary of our school.
3．昨天夜里过了很久我才睡着。
It__took__a__long__time__before I fell asleep last night.
4．他们到那里时，我们已经把工作做完了。
By the time they got there, we had__finished__the__work．
5．我希望您不会介意我这么问，不过我想知道是否有可能与您同住这间房。
I hope you do not mind my asking, but I__wonder__if it is possible to share the room with you.
课文语法填空
The computer began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.It could 1.simplify(simple) difficult sums. Nearly two hundred years later, Charles Babbage built 2.an analytical machine. It could “think” 3.logically(logical) and produce an answer quicker than any person, 4.which was considered a technological revolution at that time. In 1936, Alan Turing wrote a book about how the computer could be made to work as a “universal machine” 5.to__solve(solve) any difficult mathematical problem. By the 1940s, the computer had grown as large as a room. With time 6.going(go) by, it was made smaller. Since the 1970s the computer 7.has__been__used(use) in offices and homes.
As the computer’s memory improved, it became more and more intelligent. The computer’s memory has developed 8.so much that the computer remembers everything it has been told. In the early 1960s, computers could be connected by a network 9.called(call) the World Wide Web.
Many new 10.applications(apply) have been found for the computer since the 1970s. The goal of the computer is to provide humans with a life of high quality.
单句语法填空
1．The key is to take effective steps to turn these possibilities into realities(real)．
2．The English language is widely used in the world, and is considered to be a universal(universe) language.
3．Ken thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job.
4．The smiles and happiness(happy) of the children gave him courage to work hard every day.
5．In front of so many people, Alice presented her ideas clearly and logically(logical)．
6．According to the report made on Sunday, some people saw important technological(technology) progress.
7．Artificial intelligence(intelligent) is the ability of a computer to learn to perform human－like operations and make decisions.
8．Personally(personal), I think that it was right for my son to save the injured dog.
9．Bob wants to buy another car. But I think it’s totally(total) unnecessary.
10．The result of the study has some practical applications(apply). For example, we can use it to help the sick.
阅读理解
A
When Tiffany was 16 years old, her mother, a cigarette smoker, died of lung cancer. “Watching her suffer and cough was terrible，” she says. “I felt alone and scared, and I felt it could have been prevented.”
However, Tiffany started smoking in her late teens. She says, “In my college, a lot of students were smoking, and I wanted to fit in.” Throughout the years, she tried to quit, but it wasn’t until her daughter was 16 years old that she thought of her mother’s death and tried hard to quit.
In the process of quitting, she set a date to quit smoking and reached out to family and friends for support. Tiffany also changed her morning habit. Instead of getting up an hour early to drink coffee and smoke, she enjoyed an extra hour of sleep. She threw all the cigarettes in her home and car. Every time she went out, she would carry a picture of her mother, especially during long road trips, to remind her of everything her mother went through and her death from lung cancer. For a while, Tiffany avoided social events where she might be encouraged to smoke. She drank a lot of water and started exercising more often. She quickly realized that without cigarettes, she was more energetic.
However, sometimes she still wanted a cigarette. Luckily, her family and friends were there for her. But her biggest motivation(动力) was her daughter. “She was so happy and so proud of me when I quit，” says Tiffany. “I love her so much, and watching her grow up and thinking how successful she could be make me excited. I can’t bear the thought of missing out on any of the important occasions in her life. I quit because I want to be around for her！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Tiffany吸烟的原因以及后来她为了女儿戒烟的经过。
1．What did Tiffany most probably think caused her mother’s death？
A．Her heavy cigarette smoking.
B．The loneliness and scare in her heart.
C．Her extremely high pressure from work.
D．No proper treatment for a serious cough.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可推断，Tiffany认为她妈妈的死是吸烟造成的。
2．In order to quit smoking, Tiffany ever tried to________．
A．take more long road trips
B．sleep early and get up late
C．draw pictures of her mother
D．keep away from smoking environment
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的For a while, Tiffany avoided social events where she might be encouraged to smoke.可知，为了戒烟，她一度避免去那些可能会使她吸烟的场合。
3．Which of the following played a key role in encouraging Tiffany to quit smoking?
A．Motivation coming from her colleagues.
B．Thinking of her daughter’s future.
C．Support from her family and friends.
D．Learning more about the dangers of smoking.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中引用的Tiffany的话可知，女儿的未来是她戒烟的动力，她不想错过女儿一生中任何重要的场合。
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Why smoking is dangerous.
B．How the author stopped smoking.
C．Why and how Tiffany quit smoking.
D．How Tiffany was encouraged to quit smoking.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了Tiffany为什么决定戒烟以及如何戒烟。
B
The idea behind Facebook is to make us feel connected all the time.But in my research, I’ve found that the truth is quite different.
Technology, it turns out, has made being alone seem like a problem that needs solving.When young people are alone, even for a minute or two, they feel the need to connect, to get on Facebook or some other social networks and chat.But in connecting, they often end up feeling more isolated．Why？Because by being in constant(不断的)connection, they lose the ability to feel satisfied with their own company(独处)．
Facebook can help us keep in touch with our friends, but we too often use it instead of spending face-to-face time with them.And since we feel the need to keep up with them online, we don’t have moments of loneliness where we can collect our thoughts and learn how to be comfortable being alone.
—Sherry Turkle, Professor
Facebook connects more of us to more of our friends and family in more places than we have ever been connected before.Yes, Facebook is a huge time sink—maybe the biggest ever.Many people post useless stuff.And seeing too much of your friends’ lives can make you jealous(嫉妒的), but it won’t make you lonely.
Jane, a former student of mine, who is back in New York after living abroad for ten years, told me that Facebook helps her a lot.The first time she moved back to New York from abroad, she felt disconnected from her family and friends.Now，because of lots of photos and information updates(更新), she knows what is happening with her friends all the time.
In fact, if you are lonely in real life, you will be lonely online as well.
—Sree Sreenivasan, Chief Digital Officer
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了社交网络是否使人们变得越来越孤独。
5．The underlined word “isolated” in Paragraph 2 means“________”．
A．free B．selfish
C．careless D．lonely
D 解析： 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的made being alone seem like a problem...When young people are alone可知，isolated此处指“孤独的”，故选D项。
6．According to Sherry Turkle, we should________.
A．feel satisfied with our life
B．avoid using social networks
C．keep in touch with our friends
D．enjoy moments of loneliness
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的we don’t have moments of loneliness where we can collect our thoughts and learn how to be comfortable being alone可知，Sherry Turkle认为我们应该学会享受孤独。
7．What’s Jane’s attitude towards Facebook?
A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful.
C．Thankful. D．Regretful.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Jane描述她从Facebook里了解朋友们的生活以及Facebook helps her a lot可知，Jane对Facebook应该是充满感激之情。
8．The purpose of the text is to________.
A．educate B．discuss
C．persuade D．introduce
B 解析：写作意图题。从本文贯穿始终的alone和lonely以及两位人士对社交网络Facebook的不同观点可知，本文对社交网络是否使人们变得越来越孤独进行了探讨。
七选五
Five Tips for Dealing with Your Boss!
Do you have the best boss in the world? Or the worst? Either way, you need to know how to deal with him/her if you want to be happy and successful at work. Here are our top tips.
Ask
There’s a saying in English，“If you don’t ask, the answer will always be no.” Do you want a raise or a holiday? 1.________ Yes, sometimes it’s scary(令人害怕的), but it’ll be easier if you plan what you’re going to say first.
2．________
Work can be stressful(有压力的). But always remember to keep your cool when dealing with your boss. If you stay calm, you’ll earn their respect(尊重). If you’re unhappy about something, wait until you’ve calmed down before speaking to him or her.
Get it in writing
If your boss promises you something (like a raise or a holiday), ask for it in writing. That way you’ll have a paper trail. 3.________
Understand your boss
Every boss has a different management style. Is yours a micro-manager or are they hands-off? Are they organised or disorganised? 4.________ Understand their style so you can decide how to work with them.
Get along well with your boss
You see your boss a lot. Almost as much as you see your family! So try to stay on good terms with him or her. 5.________
A．Do what you say you’ll do
B．Learn to control your feelings
C．Are they good or bad communicators?
D．You won’t get it if you don’t ask your boss.
E．You should tell your boss when you’ve made a mistake.
F．If they suddenly “forget” what they said, you may take it out.
G．If the relationship breaks down, your job will be even more stressful.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何和老板处好关系提出了一些建议。
1．D 解析：由该段小标题Ask和该空前的Do you want a raise or a holiday？可知，如果你想要涨工资或是休假的话就得敢问老板，故选D项。
2．B 解析：由该段中的keep your cool和stay calm可知，作者建议要学会控制自己的情绪，故选B项。
3．F 解析：由该空前的内容可知，如果老板向你承诺了什么的话，应该让他写下来。万一日后他“忘了”，你就可以拿出来，故选F项。
4．C 解析：由该空前的management style和那两个问题可知，这里是说不同类型的老板，故选C项。
5．G 解析：由该段小标题Get along well with your boss可知，如果你和老板之间的关系不好了，那么你的工作就不好干了，故选G项。
品句填词
1．The sudden appearance(出现) of the cat in the dark gave him a great surprise.
2．I have called my uncle’s office several times, but I keep getting a busy signal(信号)．
3．His grandmother is a woman with a strong character(性格) and never loses heart when she is in trouble.
4．When the problem arose(出现), no one knew what to do next except William.
5．Amy spent less than 10 minutes typing(打字) the whole letter for her manager.
6．In this centre, electronic(电子的) devices are taken apart so that valuable metals like gold can be reused.
7．Today’s meeting is really important, so all the coaches (教练) and trainers should be present on time.
8．When you want to read some novels, you can get one immediately by downloading(下载) an e-book on the Internet.
完成句子
1．在某种程度上，格林先生更像我的朋友。
In__a__way,__Mr.Green is more like my friend.
2．在YouTube视频的帮助下，这个女孩在七岁时就学习编码。
With__the__help__of the YouTube videos, the girl learned to code at the age of seven.
3．这个成立于2000年的组织目的是帮助女孩们处理许多问题。
The goal of the organization, founded in 2000, is to help girls to__deal__with__many__problems．
4．这种技术对科学来说仍然是新的，它能帮助我们看守和保护森林。
This technology is still new to science, and it can help us to__watch__over and protect the forests.
5．你今天不需要早起锻炼。毕竟，充足的睡眠才是最重要的。
You needn’t get up early and work out today. After__all,__having enough sleep is the most important.
6．尽管他很忙，但他经常帮我学习英语。
Although__he__is__very__busy,__he often helps me with my English.
单句语法填空
1．The headmaster promised that the next year they would have the problem solved(solve)．
2．There were all types(type) of robots shown in the museum last weekend.
3．The appearance(appear) of computers was regarded as a technological revolution then.
4．The problem first arose(arise) in 2016, but it hasn’t been solved so far.
5．With the help of Mrs. Brown, I have made great progress in my study.
6．The careless driver ignored those traffic signals(signal) and caused an accident.
7．There are many students in our class who will work hard to achieve these goals(goal)．
8．I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get help from you.
9．Personally(person), I think the best present is not necessarily the most expensive one.
10．Your main task today is to__help(help) your mother wash the curtains.
阅读理解
A
Khan Academy is a website providing a free education for any person.The website includes more than 4，000 short teaching videos about many different subjects.Every month, over 7 million people go to the Khan Academy website to watch its videos.
Khan Academy began with one man named Salman Khan.As a young man, Khan got a degree from Harvard Business School and began to work in business.
In 2006, Khan used the Internet to help his young cousins, who lived far away, with their mathematics schoolwork.He drew numbers and pictures on the website to teach them.After a time, he put his videos onto the website YouTube, where his cousins could watch them any time they wanted.But Khan noticed that other people were also watching his videos on YouTube.
By 2009, the number of people watching his videos on YouTube was getting very large.Khan decided to make the videos his job instead.So he officially began Khan Academy, providing videos on mathematics and other school subjects.
People did not have to pay to watch the videos.But they could give Khan money if they wanted to support his work.Some people did give Khan small amounts of money, but he was still having a hard time.Later, a woman told Khan that Bill Gates used Khan Academy for his kids.After that, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation began giving money to Khan Academy.In 2010 Google gave the website money too, wanting Khan to translate his videos into the world’s most common languages.Today, people can see Khan’s videos in many different languages.
Some people think that Khan Academy will be the way more and more people learn in the future.Teachers can use it in their classrooms.Khan believes that Khan Academy will never, and should never, replace a school.But he believes teachers and students can use it to make schools better.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Khan Academy这个学习网站的成立背景、发展过程以及现状。
1．What can one get from Khan Academy?
A．Video-making methods.
B．Free learning information.
C．Any help with the schoolwork.
D．A good number of beautiful pictures.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Khan Academy is a website providing a free education for any person.可知。
2．In its early days, Khan Academy________.
A．faced money problems
B．had trouble with language
C．was unpopular with schools
D．had a shortage of skilled teachers
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Khan Academy网站在创办初期曾遇到过资金问题。
3．What does Salman Khan think of Khan Academy?
A．It will play an active role in school teaching.
B．It can replace teachers in classrooms.
C．It can replace a teaching school.
D．It’s the future of education.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的But he believes teachers and students can use it to make schools better.可知，Salman Khan觉得他的网站可以促进教学。
4．The text is mainly written to________.
A．describe an academic leader
B．introduce a learning website
C．offer some network knowledge
D．compare two different learning styles
B 解析：写作意图题。本文主要介绍了Khan Academy这个学习网站的成立背景、发展过程以及现状，由此可知B项概括正确。
B
It’s 11 p．m., and I’m still sitting here writing this article for the school magazine! I’ve had two weeks to write it, and my teacher, Julia, wants it tomorrow. She’s always complaining(抱怨) that I leave things till the last minute. Maybe she’s right.
A month ago I made a decision to be more efficient(有效率的) this year. Well, I’ve clearly failed. I’ve also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now. I’ve started going to the health club. I’ve even been going to bed earlier. But I’m not feeling any fitter, just a little unhappier. I miss my bad habits. Why is leading a better life so hard?
I’ve just read an article on a website, and I’ve discovered that it isn’t my fault(过错)! In fact, it isn’t anyone’s fault. It’s our brain’s. It’s programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits. There’s nothing we can do. Scientists have done experiments that show we use one part of our brain when we think about ourselves and another when we think about other people. However, when we think about ourselves in the future, we use the same part of the brain that we usually use to think about other people. In other words, the brain sees the “future you” as a different person than your “present you”．That’s why we don’t always find it easy to make good decisions for ourselves in the future.
But that’s not all. Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit. That’s the amount(数量) of time the brain needs to accept new behavioral patterns(形式)．The good news is that once you make it to ten weeks, everything becomes a lot easier. The bad news is that ten weeks is a really long time, so it’s easy to give up what you want to do before then.
So even when we want to change our ways and become better people, our brains won’t let us. Or is this just an excuse? Look—I’ve finished my article on time! Anything is possible!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者分析了为何习惯不容易被改变。
5．In Julia’s eyes, what kind of person is the author?
A．A bit lazy. B．Quite smart.
C．Very healthy. D．Truly honest.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的Julia...always complaining(抱怨) that I leave things till the last minute可知，作者总是把事情留到最后时刻才做，故在老师Julia眼里，他有点懒散。
6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．Why we can’t have a better life.
B．How our brain sees ourselves in the future.
C．How our brain helps us make good decisions.
D．Why it is not easy for us to change our habits.
D 解析：段落大意题。由第二段可知，作者想改掉以前的习惯却发现很难。第三段承接上段内容，由其中的It’s our brain’s. It’s programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits.可知，作者在本段介绍他看到的一篇关于大脑在人们做决定时如何运转的文章，旨在告诉读者为何改变旧的习惯是如此之难。
7．According to scientists, in order to form the habit of taking exercise, the author needs to take about ________．
A．another two weeks
B．another four weeks
C．another six weeks
D．another ten weeks
C 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的I’ve also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now.和倒数第二段中的Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit.可知，根据科学家的研究，已锻炼四周的作者，再需要大约六周的时间就能养成锻炼的好习惯。
完形填空
Edward was a high school student with little confidence. Edward’s math teacher noticed that Edward always __1__ in the back of the classroom. She also noticed that Edward had no __2__ at school and always ate lunch __3__. The teacher felt she had to __4__ him sometime.
One day after the final exam, when the students came into the teacher’s office to get their report cards, the teacher kept __5__ Edward in line, __6__ she didn’t see him. When she was getting ready to go home, Edward __7__ walked in. He looked __8__. He wore the __9__ clothes that he had worn for weeks and his hair was all matted(缠结的). He looked at the teacher and said, “I know I am getting a(n)__10__ grade. I’ve realized I’m a(n) __11__ to others. No one can ever love a person like me. I’m a hopeless person with no __12__．” The teacher let him __13__ while holding back her tears and trying to maintain professionalism. When he finished, the teacher looked __14__ into his sad eyes and said, “Edward, your final grade is an ‘A’．” He was very __15__ and said, “You give me an ‘A’？ Me? Why would you like to give me an ‘A’ when I did such a poor job？” The teacher continued, “You may appear to be a ‘D’ student, but you are an ‘A’ person. I __16__ you! And I always support you. Never __17__ your dream! I will be __18__ you.”
The teacher’s words gave Edward __19__. From then on, Edward’s test scores got __20__. Because of this great teacher, who spoke the right words, Edward has been working hard and now he is a world－famous doctor. As the saying goes, “The tongue has the power of life and death.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Edward因为成绩差而自卑，他的数学老师与他推心置腹地谈话后，Edward对自己充满信心，最终成了一位世界著名的医生。
1．A.stood B．waited
C．sat D．walked
C 解析：根据上文的Edward was a high school student with little confidence.可知，Edward比较自卑，故他总是“坐”在教室后面。
2．A.relatives B．friends
C．books D．classmates
B 解析：根据at school以及上下文可知，Edward在学校没有“朋友”。
3．A.early B．frequently
C．straight D．alone
D 解析：根据语境可知，他总是“一个人”吃午饭。
4．A.encourage B．criticize
C．notice D．promise
A 解析：根据语境可知，老师觉得她不得不找时间“鼓励”Edward了。
5．A.talking with B．looking for
C．discussing about D．laughing at
B 解析：根据下文的．..she didn’t see him.可知，老师在排队的人群中不断“寻找”Edward。
6．A.but B．so
C．if D．although
A 解析：根据上下文可知，这里是转折关系，故用but。
7．A.calmly B．happily
C．certainly D．finally
D 解析：根据语境可知，当老师准备回家时，Edward“终于”走进了老师的办公室。
8．A.funny B．strict
C．terrible D．angry
C 解析：根据下文的．..clothes that he had worn for weeks and his hair was all matted(缠结的)．可知，他看起来很“糟糕”。
9．A.beautiful B．new
C．same D．expensive
C 解析：根据下文的．..clothes that he had worn for weeks...可知，他穿着已经穿了几个星期的“同样的”衣服。
10．A.excellent B．ordinary
C．confusing D．low
D 解析：根据下文的Why would you like to give me an “A” when I did such a poor job...You may appear to be a “D” student, but you are an “A” person. 可知，Edward知道他分数“低”。
11．A.embarrassment B．mystery
C．light D．example
A 解析：根据语境可知，Edward意识到对其他人来说自己很“丢脸”。
12．A.luck B．future
C．goal D．exception
B 解析：根据上文的I’m a hopeless person...可知，Edward认为自己毫无希望，没有“将来”。
13．A.complain B．research
C．continue D．leave
C 解析：根据下文的When he finished...可知，老师强忍着泪水，让Edward“继续”说。
14．A.shyly B．directly
C．carefully D．doubtfully
B 解析：根据语境可知，老师“直视”Edward。
15．A.sad B．anxious
C．proud D．surprised
D 解析：根据下文的“Why would you like to give me an ‘A’ when I did such a poor job？”可知，Edward非常“吃惊”。
16．A.believe in B．give up
C．pay attention to D．look forward to
A 解析：根据下文的And I always support you.可知，老师“信任”Edward。
17．A.achieve B．forget
C．repeat D．explain
B 解析：根据语境可知，千万不要“忘记”你的梦想。
18．A.visiting B．affecting
C．praising D．watching
D 解析：根据语境可知，老师会“关注着”Edward。
19．A.patience B．knowledge
C．hope D．expression
C 解析：根据下文的Because of this great teacher, who spoke the right words, Edward has been working hard and now he is a world－famous doctor.可知，老师的话给予Edward“希望”。
20．A.checked B．improved
C．published D．hidden
B 解析：根据语境可知，从那以后，Edward的分数“提高”了。
课件43张PPT。Unit 3 Computers按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.signal vi.& vt. 发信号
n. 信号
2.coach n. 教练
3.character n. 性格；特点
4.download vt. 下载
5.type n. 类型
vt.& vi. 打字
6.arise vi. (arose，arisen)出现；发生
拓展词汇
7.electronic adj.电子的→electricity n．电
8.appearance n．外观；外貌；出现→appear v．出现
9.programmer n．程序员；程序师→program n．程序 vt.编制程序
阅读词汇
10.supporting adj. 支持的；支撑的
11.virus n. 病毒
12.spoil vt. 损坏；宠坏
13.mop n. 拖把
vt. 用拖把拖；擦
14.teammate n. 同伴；伙伴
15.niece n. 侄女；甥女
16.naughty adj. 顽皮的；淘气的
重点短语
1.in_a_way 在某种程度上
2.deal_with 处理；安排；对付
3.watch_over 看守；监视
4.with_the_help_of 在……的帮助下
5.make_up 组成；弥补；编造
6.for_fun 为了好玩
7.give_away 赠送，分发
8.make_good_use_of 好好利用
重点句型
1.状语从句的省略：She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while_watching_human_games(观看人类比赛时).
2.for引导原因状语从句：I would really like to play against a human team, for_I_have_been_programmed(因为我已经被设计成) to act just like them.
3.whenever引导时间状语从句，意为“无论何时”：Whenever_she_comes(无论她什么时候来), I have to look after her，and sometimes help her with her homework.
Fast-reading
Match the general idea of every paragraph.
Para．1 A．The android football team can play against a human team, as they are programmed with a good system.
Para．2 B．A self-introduction about the android called Andy.
答案：BA
Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The passage is mainly about ________．
A．a football match between humans
B．a football match between androids
C．a football match between humans and androids
D．a basketball match between androids
2．What is Andy good at?
A．Running. B．Walking.
C．Playing football. D．Calculating.
3．What part does Andy play in the team?
A．Goal keeper. B．Back.
C．Striker. D．Center.
4．According to the passage, ________.
A．the programmer must often play football with androids
B．Andy looks much smaller than a human being
C．Andy’s first football match was in Tokyo，Japan several years ago
D．Andy can improve his football skills with his programmer’s help
答案： 1－4.BACD
①android['?ndr?Id]n.机器人
②get together 聚集，召集
③striker n．前锋
④chip[t?Ip]n.芯片；碎片
⑤signal['sIɡn?l]vi.& vt.发信号
n．信号
signal (to) sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事
⑥teammate['ti?mmeIt]n.同伴；伙伴
⑦shot n．击球；射门
⑧win second place 赢得第二名
⑨develop v．研制，开发
⑩type[taIp]n.类型
vt.& vi.打字
?be determined to do sth.决心做某事
?in a way在某种程度上
?coach[k??t?]n.教练
?reliable[rI'lai?bl]adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的
?arise[?'raIz]vi.(arose，arisen)出现；发生
?make up编造；构成；化妆
?after all 毕竟，终归
?with the help of在……的帮助下
?electronic[?elek'tr?nIk]adj.电子的
【核心素养链接】
Robot World Cup，简称RoboCup，是当前国际上级别最高、规模最大、影响最广泛的机器人赛事，同时也是学术成分最高的赛事之一。在机器人足球赛中，比拼的是从人工智能到机械电气的一系列软硬件技术。开场哨一响，任何队员都不能再碰触计算机或机器人。2018年，RoboCup聚集了来自全球35个国家和地区的5 000多台机器人和约4 000名人类与会者。2018年6月，浙江大学ZJUNlict队在加拿大蒙特利尔获得了第22届机器人足球世界杯(RoboCup)小型组的世界冠军。这是浙江大学ZJUNlict队继2013年、2014年后第三次夺得机器人足球世界杯小型组冠军。
ANDY—THE ANDROID①
I’m part of an android football team. About once a year we are allowed to get together② to play a game of football. I’m as big as a human. In fact, I look like one too. On the football team I’m a striker③ so I have to be able to run very fast. My computer chips④ help me to move and think like a human. For example, I have learned to signal⑤ to my teammates⑥ in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot⑦ for a goal．
◆此处为when引导的时间状语从句。
My first football competition was in Nagoya, Japan several years ago. Last year our team went to Seattle, Washington in the USA．We won second place⑧. Personally, I think the team that won first place cheated. They had developed⑨ a new type⑩ of program just before the competition. So we need to encourage our programmer to improve our intelligence too. We are determined to create? an even better system. In a way? our programmer is like our coach?. She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games. Then she prepares reliable? moves to use if a new situation arises?. In this way I can make up? new moves using my “artificial intelligence”. I would really like to play against a human team, for I have been programmed to act just like them. After all? , with the help of? my electronic? brain which never forgets anything, using my intelligence is what I’m all about!
◆本句为主从复合句。the team that won first place cheated为省略了that的宾语从句，其中that won first place为定语从句，修饰先行词the team。
◆本句为主从复合句。其中she has seen为定语从句，修饰先行词moves；而while watching human games在此为while引导的时间状语从句，while后面省略了she is。
◆using my “artificial intelligence”为现在分词短语作方式状语。
◆本句为主从复合句。介词短语with the help of...anything作状语，其中which...anything为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词my electronic brain；v.-ing短语using my intelligence在此句中作主语，what I’m all about是what引导的表语从句。
机器人——安迪
我是机器人足球队的一员。大约每年一次，我们获准聚在一起进行一场足球比赛。我大小和(真)人一样。事实上，我看起来也很像人。我在球队中是前锋，所以我需要跑得非常快。我的电脑芯片帮助我像人一样移动和思考。例如，我已经学会用计算机语言示意我的队友在没人阻拦我时把球传给我，然后我就可以漂亮地射门。
几年前我在日本的名古屋参加了我的第一场足球比赛。去年我们队去美国华盛顿州的西雅图(参加比赛)，并获得了第二名。就我个人而言，我认为获得冠军的那个球队作弊了。就在比赛前他们开发出了一种新程序，所以我们需要鼓励我们的编程人员也提高我们的智能。我们决心创作出一个更好的系统。从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能的动作编入我们的程序。接着她准备好了可靠动作来应对新情况的出现。这样，我就可以用我的“人工智能”编出新的动作。我真想同人类的球队比赛，因为程序员已经给我编程，使我能够像他们一样行动了。不管怎样，在我过目不忘的电子大脑的帮助下，运用智能就是我的一切！
signal n．信号，暗号
vi.& vt.发信号
(教材P23)For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.
例如，我已经学会用计算机语言示意我的队友在没人阻拦我时把球传给我，然后我就可以漂亮地射门。
(1)signal (to) sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal sth.to sb. 向某人示意某事
(2)traffic signals 交通信号灯
①She signaled that she was about to turn left.
她打信号灯表示她要向左转。
②When you come across the crossing, you should pay attention to the traffic signals.
当过十字路口时，你应该注意交通信号灯。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The policeman signaled the driver to_stop(stop) his car by raising his hand.
②As is known to all, traffic signals(signal) tell drivers and pedestrians(行人) when to stop and go.
in a way 从某一角度看，在某种程度上
(教材P23)In a way our programmer is like our coach.
从某种程度上看，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。
by the way 顺便说一下
in no way 一点也不，决不
in the way 挡道，碍事
①In a way, the computer plays a more and more important role in our life and work.
从某种程度上说，电脑在我们的生活和工作中发挥着越来越重要的作用。
②Don’t stand in the way.Move aside and let me pass.
不要挡着路，靠边点让我过去。
[即学即练]——用way的相关短语填空
①In_no_way should you lose heart when you are faced with difficulties.
②In_a_way,_I’m glad that you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.
③I couldn’t get through the door because there was a big box in_the_way．
arise vi.(arose，arisen)出现；发生
(教材P23)Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.
接着她准备好了可靠动作来应对新情况的出现。
(1)arise from/out of 由……引起/产生
arise from... 从……上站起来
(2)rise (rose, risen) vi. 升起来；上升
raise vt. 举起，使……上升
①When difficulties arise, you can turn to me for help.
当有困难出现时，你可以向我求助。
②As far as I know, his failure arose from his laziness.
据我所知，他的失败是由懒惰造成的。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Seeing his mother return home, the boy arose(arise) from his chair immediately.
②As we all know, most car accidents arise from carelessness.
③As is known to us, the sun rises(rise) in the east and sets in the west.
④She raised(raise) her head and stared at them.
[链接写作]——一句多译
休息时， 我们的班主任开始处理课上出现的问题。(arise)
⑤At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matter arising_from_his_class．(分词作定语)
⑥At break, our headteacher got down to dealing with the matter which_arose_from_his_class．(定语从句)
deal with 处理；安排；论述；对付，打交道
(教材P24)This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.
这意味着它应该能打扫房间、擦地板、做饭以及接打电话。
(1)deal with意为“处理”时，常与how连用；
(2)do with意为“处理”时，常与what连用。
①There are too many difficulties for us to deal with.
有太多的难题要我们去处理。
②As far as I know, the young man is hard to deal with.
据我所知，这个年轻人很难相处。
[链接写作]——一句多译
事实上，我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。
①As a matter of fact, I don’t know how they_will_deal_with_the_problem．
②In fact, I’m at a loss what they_will_do_with_the_problem．
watch over 看守；监视；守护，照管
(教材P24)It should also watch over my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often.
它还应该照看我淘气的侄女，她经常来我家。
watch for 观察；等待
watch out (for) 当心；提防
keep watch 值班；看守
①As far as I’m concerned, it’s my duty to watch over my old parents.
就我个人而言，照顾年迈的父母是我的职责。
②They were watched over by three policemen.
他们由三名警察看守着。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We have to watch out for fast traffic along here.
②They volunteer to watch over the old in their spare time, which deserves praising.
“照顾”的其他表达：look after；take care of；care for等。
while引导的时间状语从句的省略
(教材P23)She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games. 她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能的动作编入我们的程序。
(1)句中while watching human games相当于while she is watching human games。
(2)当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或状语从句中的主语是it，并且又含有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
①There are so many cars that you should be careful while crossing the road.
车辆太多了，过马路时当心些。
②Work hard when(you are) young, or you’ll regret.
趁年轻要努力工作，要不然你会后悔的。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He met an old friend while traveling(travel) in that tourist attraction.
②When walking(walk) in the park, she met Jim by chance.
③When asked(ask) why he didn’t take part in the race, he said nothing but smiled.
[链接写作]——完成句子
④如果有必要请向我求助。
Please turn to me for help if_necessary．
品句填词
1．The sudden appearance(出现) of the cat in the dark gave him a great surprise.
2．I have called my uncle’s office several times, but I keep getting a busy signal(信号)．
3．His grandmother is a woman with a strong character(性格) and never loses heart when she is in trouble.
4．When the problem arose(出现), no one knew what to do next except William.
5．Amy spent less than 10 minutes typing(打字) the whole letter for her manager.
6．In this centre, electronic(电子的) devices are taken apart so that valuable metals like gold can be reused.
7．Today’s meeting is really important, so all the coaches (教练) and trainers should be present on time.
8．When you want to read some novels, you can get one immediately by downloading(下载) an e-book on the Internet.
完成句子
1．在某种程度上，格林先生更像我的朋友。
In__a__way,__Mr.Green is more like my friend.
2．在YouTube视频的帮助下，这个女孩在七岁时就学习编码。
With__the__help__of the YouTube videos, the girl learned to code at the age of seven.
3．这个成立于2000年的组织目的是帮助女孩们处理许多问题。
The goal of the organization, founded in 2000, is to help girls to__deal__with__many__problems．
4．这种技术对科学来说仍然是新的，它能帮助我们看守和保护森林。
This technology is still new to science, and it can help us to__watch__over and protect the forests.
5．你今天不需要早起锻炼。毕竟，充足的睡眠才是最重要的。
You needn’t get up early and work out today. After__all,__having enough sleep is the most important.
6．尽管他很忙，但他经常帮我学习英语。
Although__he__is__very__busy,__he often helps me with my English.
单句语法填空
1．The headmaster promised that the next year they would have the problem solved(solve)．
2．There were all types(type) of robots shown in the museum last weekend.
3．The appearance(appear) of computers was regarded as a technological revolution then.
4．The problem first arose(arise) in 2016, but it hasn’t been solved so far.
5．With the help of Mrs. Brown, I have made great progress in my study.
6．The careless driver ignored those traffic signals(signal) and caused an accident.
7．There are many students in our class who will work hard to achieve these goals(goal)．
8．I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get help from you.
9．Personally(person), I think the best present is not necessarily the most expensive one.
10．Your main task today is to__help(help) your mother wash the curtains.
阅读理解
A
Khan Academy is a website providing a free education for any person.The website includes more than 4，000 short teaching videos about many different subjects.Every month, over 7 million people go to the Khan Academy website to watch its videos.
Khan Academy began with one man named Salman Khan.As a young man, Khan got a degree from Harvard Business School and began to work in business.
In 2006, Khan used the Internet to help his young cousins, who lived far away, with their mathematics schoolwork.He drew numbers and pictures on the website to teach them.After a time, he put his videos onto the website YouTube, where his cousins could watch them any time they wanted.But Khan noticed that other people were also watching his videos on YouTube.
By 2009, the number of people watching his videos on YouTube was getting very large.Khan decided to make the videos his job instead.So he officially began Khan Academy, providing videos on mathematics and other school subjects.
People did not have to pay to watch the videos.But they could give Khan money if they wanted to support his work.Some people did give Khan small amounts of money, but he was still having a hard time.Later, a woman told Khan that Bill Gates used Khan Academy for his kids.After that, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation began giving money to Khan Academy.In 2010 Google gave the website money too, wanting Khan to translate his videos into the world’s most common languages.Today, people can see Khan’s videos in many different languages.
Some people think that Khan Academy will be the way more and more people learn in the future.Teachers can use it in their classrooms.Khan believes that Khan Academy will never, and should never, replace a school.But he believes teachers and students can use it to make schools better.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Khan Academy这个学习网站的成立背景、发展过程以及现状。
1．What can one get from Khan Academy?
A．Video-making methods.
B．Free learning information.
C．Any help with the schoolwork.
D．A good number of beautiful pictures.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Khan Academy is a website providing a free education for any person.可知。
2．In its early days, Khan Academy________.
A．faced money problems
B．had trouble with language
C．was unpopular with schools
D．had a shortage of skilled teachers
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Khan Academy网站在创办初期曾遇到过资金问题。
3．What does Salman Khan think of Khan Academy?
A．It will play an active role in school teaching.
B．It can replace teachers in classrooms.
C．It can replace a teaching school.
D．It’s the future of education.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的But he believes teachers and students can use it to make schools better.可知，Salman Khan觉得他的网站可以促进教学。
4．The text is mainly written to________.
A．describe an academic leader
B．introduce a learning website
C．offer some network knowledge
D．compare two different learning styles
B 解析：写作意图题。本文主要介绍了Khan Academy这个学习网站的成立背景、发展过程以及现状，由此可知B项概括正确。
B
It’s 11 p．m., and I’m still sitting here writing this article for the school magazine! I’ve had two weeks to write it, and my teacher, Julia, wants it tomorrow. She’s always complaining(抱怨) that I leave things till the last minute. Maybe she’s right.
A month ago I made a decision to be more efficient(有效率的) this year. Well, I’ve clearly failed. I’ve also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now. I’ve started going to the health club. I’ve even been going to bed earlier. But I’m not feeling any fitter, just a little unhappier. I miss my bad habits. Why is leading a better life so hard?
I’ve just read an article on a website, and I’ve discovered that it isn’t my fault(过错)! In fact, it isn’t anyone’s fault. It’s our brain’s. It’s programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits. There’s nothing we can do. Scientists have done experiments that show we use one part of our brain when we think about ourselves and another when we think about other people. However, when we think about ourselves in the future, we use the same part of the brain that we usually use to think about other people. In other words, the brain sees the “future you” as a different person than your “present you”．That’s why we don’t always find it easy to make good decisions for ourselves in the future.
But that’s not all. Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit. That’s the amount(数量) of time the brain needs to accept new behavioral patterns(形式)．The good news is that once you make it to ten weeks, everything becomes a lot easier. The bad news is that ten weeks is a really long time, so it’s easy to give up what you want to do before then.
So even when we want to change our ways and become better people, our brains won’t let us. Or is this just an excuse? Look—I’ve finished my article on time! Anything is possible!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者分析了为何习惯不容易被改变。
5．In Julia’s eyes, what kind of person is the author?
A．A bit lazy. B．Quite smart.
C．Very healthy. D．Truly honest.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的Julia...always complaining(抱怨) that I leave things till the last minute可知，作者总是把事情留到最后时刻才做，故在老师Julia眼里，他有点懒散。
6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A．Why we can’t have a better life.
B．How our brain sees ourselves in the future.
C．How our brain helps us make good decisions.
D．Why it is not easy for us to change our habits.
D 解析：段落大意题。由第二段可知，作者想改掉以前的习惯却发现很难。第三段承接上段内容，由其中的It’s our brain’s. It’s programmed to make it difficult to break bad habits.可知，作者在本段介绍他看到的一篇关于大脑在人们做决定时如何运转的文章，旨在告诉读者为何改变旧的习惯是如此之难。
7．According to scientists, in order to form the habit of taking exercise, the author needs to take about ________．
A．another two weeks
B．another four weeks
C．another six weeks
D．another ten weeks
C 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的I’ve also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now.和倒数第二段中的Scientists have also discovered that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit.可知，根据科学家的研究，已锻炼四周的作者，再需要大约六周的时间就能养成锻炼的好习惯。
完形填空
Edward was a high school student with little confidence. Edward’s math teacher noticed that Edward always __1__ in the back of the classroom. She also noticed that Edward had no __2__ at school and always ate lunch __3__. The teacher felt she had to __4__ him sometime.
One day after the final exam, when the students came into the teacher’s office to get their report cards, the teacher kept __5__ Edward in line, __6__ she didn’t see him. When she was getting ready to go home, Edward __7__ walked in. He looked __8__. He wore the __9__ clothes that he had worn for weeks and his hair was all matted(缠结的). He looked at the teacher and said, “I know I am getting a(n)__10__ grade. I’ve realized I’m a(n) __11__ to others. No one can ever love a person like me. I’m a hopeless person with no __12__．” The teacher let him __13__ while holding back her tears and trying to maintain professionalism. When he finished, the teacher looked __14__ into his sad eyes and said, “Edward, your final grade is an ‘A’．” He was very __15__ and said, “You give me an ‘A’？ Me? Why would you like to give me an ‘A’ when I did such a poor job？” The teacher continued, “You may appear to be a ‘D’ student, but you are an ‘A’ person. I __16__ you! And I always support you. Never __17__ your dream! I will be __18__ you.”
The teacher’s words gave Edward __19__. From then on, Edward’s test scores got __20__. Because of this great teacher, who spoke the right words, Edward has been working hard and now he is a world－famous doctor. As the saying goes, “The tongue has the power of life and death.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。Edward因为成绩差而自卑，他的数学老师与他推心置腹地谈话后，Edward对自己充满信心，最终成了一位世界著名的医生。
1．A.stood B．waited
C．sat D．walked
C 解析：根据上文的Edward was a high school student with little confidence.可知，Edward比较自卑，故他总是“坐”在教室后面。
2．A.relatives B．friends
C．books D．classmates
B 解析：根据at school以及上下文可知，Edward在学校没有“朋友”。
3．A.early B．frequently
C．straight D．alone
D 解析：根据语境可知，他总是“一个人”吃午饭。
4．A.encourage B．criticize
C．notice D．promise
A 解析：根据语境可知，老师觉得她不得不找时间“鼓励”Edward了。
5．A.talking with B．looking for
C．discussing about D．laughing at
B 解析：根据下文的．..she didn’t see him.可知，老师在排队的人群中不断“寻找”Edward。
6．A.but B．so
C．if D．although
A 解析：根据上下文可知，这里是转折关系，故用but。
7．A.calmly B．happily
C．certainly D．finally
D 解析：根据语境可知，当老师准备回家时，Edward“终于”走进了老师的办公室。
8．A.funny B．strict
C．terrible D．angry
C 解析：根据下文的．..clothes that he had worn for weeks and his hair was all matted(缠结的)．可知，他看起来很“糟糕”。
9．A.beautiful B．new
C．same D．expensive
C 解析：根据下文的．..clothes that he had worn for weeks...可知，他穿着已经穿了几个星期的“同样的”衣服。
10．A.excellent B．ordinary
C．confusing D．low
D 解析：根据下文的Why would you like to give me an “A” when I did such a poor job...You may appear to be a “D” student, but you are an “A” person. 可知，Edward知道他分数“低”。
11．A.embarrassment B．mystery
C．light D．example
A 解析：根据语境可知，Edward意识到对其他人来说自己很“丢脸”。
12．A.luck B．future
C．goal D．exception
B 解析：根据上文的I’m a hopeless person...可知，Edward认为自己毫无希望，没有“将来”。
13．A.complain B．research
C．continue D．leave
C 解析：根据下文的When he finished...可知，老师强忍着泪水，让Edward“继续”说。
14．A.shyly B．directly
C．carefully D．doubtfully
B 解析：根据语境可知，老师“直视”Edward。
15．A.sad B．anxious
C．proud D．surprised
D 解析：根据下文的“Why would you like to give me an ‘A’ when I did such a poor job？”可知，Edward非常“吃惊”。
16．A.believe in B．give up
C．pay attention to D．look forward to
A 解析：根据下文的And I always support you.可知，老师“信任”Edward。
17．A.achieve B．forget
C．repeat D．explain
B 解析：根据语境可知，千万不要“忘记”你的梦想。
18．A.visiting B．affecting
C．praising D．watching
D 解析：根据语境可知，老师会“关注着”Edward。
19．A.patience B．knowledge
C．hope D．expression
C 解析：根据下文的Because of this great teacher, who spoke the right words, Edward has been working hard and now he is a world－famous doctor.可知，老师的话给予Edward“希望”。
20．A.checked B．improved
C．published D．hidden
B 解析：根据语境可知，从那以后，Edward的分数“提高”了。
课件23张PPT。Unit 3 Computers按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束Section Ⅳ Grammar
现在完成时的被动语态
1．(教材P18)Over time I ____________(change) quite a lot.
答案：have been changed
2．(教材P18)...I ____________(use) in offices and homes since the 1970s.
答案：have been used
3．(教材P18)Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I ____________(tell)!
答案：have been told
4．(教材P18)Since the 1970s many new applications ____________(find) for me.
答案：have been found
5．(教材P18)I ____________ also ____________(put) into robots and ____________(use) to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.
答案：have；been put；used
6．(教材P18)I ____________ even ____________(put) into space rockets and ____________(send) to explore the Moon and Mars.
答案：have；been put；sent
结构
肯定式
主语＋have/has been done...
否定式
主语＋have/has not been done...
一般疑问式
Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？
特殊疑问式
疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？
◆He has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.
他已被挑选出来参加运动会。
◆The ink has not been removed from his overcoat.
墨迹还没有从他外套上去掉。
◆Has the date for the next meeting been decided?
下次会议的日期已确定了吗？
◆How long has the battery not been changed?
电池多久没有更换了？
【即时演练1】——句型转换
The children have already been told the good news.
①将上面的句子变为否定句。
The_children_haven’t_been_told_the_good_news_yet.
②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。
Have_the_children_been_told_the_good_news_yet?
③对上面句子中的The children进行提问。
Who_has_been_told_the_good_news_yet?
用法
1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already, yet, just, never, recently等副词连用。
◆The machine has already been repaired.
机器已经修好了。
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long ...？”句型中。
◆Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。
◆How long has this film been shown?
这部电影已放映多长时间了？
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
◆You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.
在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：
already 已经 yet 已经
recently/lately 最近 since then 从那时起
ever since 自那以来 ever 曾经
so far 迄今为止 by now 到现在为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
in recent years 在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years 在过去的几年里
【即时演练2】
(1)用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子
①Jack’s boss has always praised him for his devotion to work.
→Jack has_always_been_praised by his boss for his devotion to work.
②They have found a good place to build a temple in the village.
→A good place has_been_found to build a temple in the village.
③We haven’t yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem.
→How to solve that difficult technological problem hasn’t_been_decided yet.
(2)完成句子
①当我的家庭作业完成时我就回家。
I will go home when my homework has_been_finished．
②纸币已被使用了1 000多年了。
Paper money has_been_used for over one thousand years.
注意事项
1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
◆His boss has already punished him.
→He has already been punished (by his boss)．
2．带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。
◆The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently.
→He has been given a chance to work abroad recently (by the company)．
→A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently (by the company)．
【即时演练3】——将下面句子变为被动语态
①I have asked her to help you.
→She_has_been_asked_to_help_you.
②We have planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 years.
→Many_trees_have__been_planted_on_the_hill_in_the_last_5_years.
③He has sent me an e-mail.
→I_have_been_sent_an_e-mail.
→An_e-mail_has_been_sent_to_me.
单句语法填空
1．A great many machines have_been_produced(produce) by the factory since the technological revolution.
2．Great changes have_taken(take) place in my hometown and a lot of factories have_been_set(set) up in the past ten years.
3．In the last few years, thousands of films have_been_produced(produce) all over the world.
4．Up to now, a lot of high-rise buildings have_been_built(build) in our city.
5．Over the past three years, more than $10 million has_been_spent(spend) carrying out the project.
6．The robots have_been_used(use) to help humans do some dangerous work since the late 1990s.
7．The English song has_been_sung(sing) for many years, but we still like it.
8．Professor Yang has_been_invited(invite) to the film festival twice so far.
句型转换
1．We have sent some rockets to space to explore the Moon and Mars.
Some rockets have_been_sent to space by us to explore the Moon and Mars.
2．Robert has bought an iPhone using his own money.
An iPhone has_been_bought by Robert using his own money.
3．The famous company has given the computers away to those high schools.
The computers have_been_given_away by the famous company to those high schools.
4．The local government has chosen the university to organize the training course.
The university has_been_chosen by the local government to organize the training course.
5．They haven’t told me that the meeting will be put off until next Friday.
I haven’t_been_told that the meeting will be put off until next Friday.
6．People use bamboo in many different ways for thousands of years.
Bamboo has_been_used in many different ways for thousands of years.
单句语法填空
1．More than 50，000 yuan has__been__raised(raise) for the poor family since the group was founded.
2．China’s space program has__been__developed(develop) greatly since it sent its first astronaut to space in 2003.
3．Computer science, with which rapid progress has__been__made(make) in recent years, plays a very important part in our daily life.
4．Up to now, more than five new species have__been__found(find) on this island by researchers.
5．Black Friday has__been__regarded(regard) as the beginning of the holiday shopping season for years.
6．Since the early 1990s, a lot of clinics have__been__founded(found) in this country to treat poor people for free.
7．The balance between the city and the country has__been__broken(break) by the industrial development over the past two centuries.
8．Some efforts were__made(make) to improve the air quality in the city last winter.
9．Over the past three years, the paintings have__been__taken(take) to more than 20 museums in the world.
10．For centuries, the ancient language has__been__passed(pass) on from one generation to another.
阅读理解
Smartphones, tablets and smart watches are banned(禁止) at school for all children under 15 in France. Under the ban students are not able to use their phones at all during school hours, including meal breaks.
“I think it’s a good thing. School is not about being on your phone，” Paris mum Marie-Caroline Madeleine told AFP. “It’s hard with kids. You can’t control what they see and that’s one of the things that worries me as a parent.”
There is no law like this in Australia, but some Australian schools have banned phones.
McKinnon Secondary School in Victoria introduced a total ban in February and Principal Pitsa Binnion said this has been a success.
McKinnon students still have a Chromebook to use in every class for day-to-day learning but they’re not allowed to use social media(媒体)．Ms Binnion said at first “teachers cheered and students moaned(抱怨)，” but now they’re seeing the positives(优势)．“They come to school and they’re not allowed to use phones at all during the school day, including lunch breaks，” she said.
“It’s been wonderful in terms of students communicating with each other at lunchtime and not looking at their screen，” she said.
Ms Binnion also leads by example and doesn’t use her mobile phone in school. “I think anyone can do it if we’ve done it.”
Not everyone agrees with the bans. Western Sydney University technology researcher Dr.Joanne Orlando wrote in online magazine The Conversation earlier this year that Australia should not ban phones in schools because it’s important to educate kids to live in the age they are raised in.
“A good education for students today is knowing how to use technology to learn, communicate and work with ideas，” she wrote. “Banning students from using smartphones is a 1950s response to a 2018 state-of-play.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了澳大利亚学校是否该禁止学生使用手机。
1．Why did Madeleine welcome the ban?
A．School is for studying.
B．Kids behave badly nowadays.
C．Teachers find it hard to control kids.
D．Her kids depend too much on phones.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的School is not about being on your phone可知，Madeleine认为学校不是玩手机的地方，言外之意就是学校是学习的地方。
2．What can we learn about the ban in McKinnon Secondary School?
A．Some teachers were against it at first.
B．Students can now see the good of the ban.
C．Students can use their phones at lunch breaks.
D．Teachers have stopped using phones at school as well.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的this has been a success和第五段中的now they’re seeing the positives可知，学生们起初抱怨，但现在都看到了这一禁令的好处。
3．What does the underlined word “Chromebook” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to?
A．A book. B．A notebook.
C．A learning website. D．A kind of computer.
D 解析：词义猜测题。由第一段中的Smartphones, tablets and smart watches和第五段中的for day-to-day learning but they’re not allowed to use social media(媒体)可知，画线词应该指的是一种电脑。学生们学习可以用，但是不允许使用社交网络。
4．What does Dr.Joanne Orlando think of banning phones in schools?
A．It will disconnect parents and kids.
B．It will cause kids to communicate less.
C．It will prevent kids being tech-minded.
D．It will make education go back 60 years.
C 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第一、二段可知，Dr.Joanne Orlando认为现在是科技时代，就应该让学生与时代接轨，禁止学生使用手机不符合这个时代的特征。
七选五
Studies have shown that about 30% of the children in America aged 6 to 19 are either overweight or obese(肥胖的).1.________ Besides, the situation in the countries of the European Union is similar.
If you are gaining weight, it does not always mean that you are becoming obese. After all, children and young adults need nutrients to grow. 2.________ However, if you begin putting on too much weight, you may be on the road to obesity.
3．________ Genes are one of the factors that can lead to it. Genes determine how your body stores food and how well it turns food into energy. Your genes come from your parents, so overweight parents are more likely to have overweight children.
Although you may have good genes, you can still become obese. In fact, the lack of physical exercise can also cause obesity. 4.________ For example, compared with going outside and doing some physical activities, children now prefer to sit still for hours in front of computers or TVs.
Many of us eat up to four meals a day thanks to excessive(过度的) snacking. And when we have a snack, we may don’t consider eating fruits. But this is not always the children’s fault. 5.________
A．Fast food is another reason for obesity.
B．But what may cause childhood obesity?
C．That is almost one out of three young Americans.
D．This increases their chances of becoming overweight.
E．So it is normal for them to gain weight as time goes on.
F．Nowadays, our free time activities have greatly changed.
G．After all, there are many stores offering all kinds of snacks near schools.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要陈述了造成青少年肥胖的几点因素。
1．C 解析：此空设于段中，与前文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的That指代的是前文中提到的数据30% of the children。
2．E 解析：此空设于段中，与前文之间存在逻辑上的因果关系。前文陈述：毕竟，孩子和青少年需要营养来成长，此句进一步论述，所以对于他们来说，随着时间的流逝，体重增长是正常的。
3．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面都是围绕此句展开说明基因是导致肥胖的一个原因。
4．F 解析：此空设于段中，与后文存在逻辑上的解释关系。此句说如今，人们的自由活动已经在很大程度上改变了，后面就这一点举例说明。
5．G 解析：此空设于段尾，对前一句进行解释。前一句说孩子们爱吃零食，这并不总是他们的错，此句进一步解释说明：毕竟，在学校周围有很多提供各种各样零食的商店。
语法填空
I took a short flight the other day. The passengers on the plane 1.____________(offer) an in-flight snack—a sandwich which contained dairy and meat. Since I 2.____________(feel) totally full at that time of the day, I put it in my bag. I hoped later that day, I may come across a homeless person, to 3.____________this sandwich may mean his only meal.
Well, I did come across a homeless man later that day. That man was with 4.____________(he) dog Bella. When I gave him 5.____________sandwich, I noticed his smile as he was opening the sandwich. He shared it 6.____________Bella. They started to eat quickly. 7.____________(see) how hungry he was, I emptied my bag of all treats and food I had. I also went and bought a large coffee for him. He 8.____________(sincere) thanked me and continued to have his “big” meal.
Kindness is such a simple thing for us to do. However, for 9.____________(receive), it can be life-changing. As a saying goes, “Ten men banded(聚集) together in love can do what ten thousand separately would fail in.” If each of us does one kind thing at a time, the strength 10.____________(build) up will be surprising.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文作者通过讲述自己将飞机餐送给无家可归的人的故事，号召我们一起做善事。
1．were offered 解析：考查动词的时态及语态。passengers和offer之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据上下文的语境可知，此处表示过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2．felt 解析：考查动词的时态。此处表示过去的动作，因此用动词的一般过去时。
3．whom 解析：考查关系代词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的宾语从句，且指代人，故用whom。
4．his 解析：考查代词。因为后面跟名词dog，所以用形容词性物主代词，故用his。
5．the 解析：考查冠词。前面已经提到过sandwich，此处再次提到，故用定冠词the。
6．with 解析：考查介词。share sth. with sb.意为：与某人分享某物，故填with。
7．Seeing 解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的逻辑主语与see之间是主动关系，故用现在分词做状语。
8．sincerely 解析：考查副词。修饰动词thanked，用副词sincerely，意为“真诚地”。
9．receivers 解析：考查名词。句意为：但是对于接受者来说，这可能是改变一生的行为。因为receiver是可数名词，故填receivers。
10．built 解析：考查非谓语动词。strength是被积累起来的，故用built作后置定语。
应用文写作
前段时间，我校高一年级进行了职业生涯规划(career planning)设计比赛。每个人对于自己未来的职业都满怀憧憬。请你就你心目中的未来职业，以My Job in the Future为题写一篇简短的演讲稿。
注意： 1.词数80左右； 演讲稿开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
2．内容要点：
(1)你未来希望从事何种职业；
(2)你想从事这份工作的原因；
(3)你该如何实现从事这份工作的理想。
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My Job in the Future
Good morning, everyone!
I often imagine what my job would be like after graduating from university. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
One possible version:
My Job in the Future
Good__morning,__everyone!
I__often__imagine__what__my__job__would__be__like__after__graduating__from__university. Unlike others, I prefer to be a farmer in the future.
It is well known that farming is the basic of a country, without which people would starve. I hope the whole world would be rid of hunger. Besides, we can make use of what we have learned in school to improve our agriculture.
I will work hard to reach my future. I will exercise regularly to build up my body and work hard in my study to be well educated. Only with a strong body and rich knowledge can I become a good farmer.
Thank__you!
课件20张PPT。Unit 3 Computers按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束Section Ⅴ Writing
想象类作文
文体感知
“想象类作文”多是说明文，也可以是记叙文。写作内容不受限制，是作者写作时根据自己已有的生活经验和知识，对未来事物的形态、构造、性质、功能等大胆地进行想象并进行说明或描述的一种写作。
增分佳句
1．It can help us in many ways.
它在许多方面都可以帮助我们。
2．It would be of great help for you.
它会对你有很大帮助。
3．Sometimes I dream about life in the future.
有时我梦想未来的生活。
4．I believe my dream will come true some day.
我相信我的梦想总有一天会变成现实。
5．She can remind me of anything important.
她能提醒我重要的事情。
6．It will be very comfortable to live in the future.
在未来生活将会非常舒适。
7．In my opinion, the dream will become a reality one day.
我认为，这个梦想有一天将会变成现实。
写作模板
My dream about life in the future ________．(开头。想象将来的生活，总体说明)
Maybe in the future we can ________．(主体。描述想象中的生活情况等) In the future we can ________； we will be living a ________； it will be very comfortable to ________.(对想象中的将来生活具体分条描述)
I believe my dream will come true ________．(结尾。作出评价，提出希望) It will be a peaceful world of ________； we’ll live happily together.
写作要求
最近，某英语报正在组织一次英语征文活动，邀请读者围绕“Science and technology is changing our life greatly”这个话题，谈谈科学技术给我们的日常生活带来的变化。请你根据图画提示写一篇应征短文，谈谈你家三代人购物生活的变化，并畅想未来的购物方式。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．覆盖，走过(里程) cover
2．方便的 convenient
3．在线 online
4．机器人 robot
5．挑选 select
6．科技 science_and_technology
遣词造句
1. 完成句子
①科技发展迅猛。
Science_and_technology_develops_quickly.
②我们的生活方式一直在改变。
Our_way_of_life_has_been_changing_all_the_time.
③很多年轻人喜欢在网上买东西。
Many_young_people_like_to_buy_things_online.
2．句式升级
④用with的复合结构合并句①和句②
With_the_development_of_science_and_technology,_our_way_of_life_has_been_changing_all_the_time.
⑤用复合句升级句③
名词性从句：Many_young_people_prefer_to_buy_what_they_like_online.
定语从句：Many_young_people_prefer_to_buy_things_that_they_like_online.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
With the development of science and technology, our way of life has been changing all the time.
My grandmother told me she usually covered a long distance to a small shop in town to buy goods. Later, supermarkets have been opened in our town, so my mother would like to go shopping in a supermarket near my house because it is very convenient. In recent years, online shopping has become popular. Many young people prefer to buy what they like online.
I think, in the future, we can let robots do the shopping for us, and maybe those things we need can be selected carefully and sent to us quicker than now.
某英文报以“My Ideal Robot in the Future”为题进行征文活动。请你写一篇英语短文介绍你理想中的未来机器人。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
My Ideal Robot in the Future
My ideal robot in the future is called Toby.He is 1.6 metres tall and looks exactly like a normal man.The main difference is that in Toby’s hair are tiny panels that use light to charge his power pack to make sure all his computer programs keep running.
Toby helps me both in my house and in my car.He does all the work around my house for me.Toby cooks my food, cleans the house and does all the washing and ironing.He is very patient and never complains.As a result, I have more time to do whatever I like.Toby is also my driver.He has a program in his brain for directions so I never get lost.
单句语法填空
1．More than 50，000 yuan has__been__raised(raise) for the poor family since the group was founded.
2．China’s space program has__been__developed(develop) greatly since it sent its first astronaut to space in 2003.
3．Computer science, with which rapid progress has__been__made(make) in recent years, plays a very important part in our daily life.
4．Up to now, more than five new species have__been__found(find) on this island by researchers.
5．Black Friday has__been__regarded(regard) as the beginning of the holiday shopping season for years.
6．Since the early 1990s, a lot of clinics have__been__founded(found) in this country to treat poor people for free.
7．The balance between the city and the country has__been__broken(break) by the industrial development over the past two centuries.
8．Some efforts were__made(make) to improve the air quality in the city last winter.
9．Over the past three years, the paintings have__been__taken(take) to more than 20 museums in the world.
10．For centuries, the ancient language has__been__passed(pass) on from one generation to another.
阅读理解
Smartphones, tablets and smart watches are banned(禁止) at school for all children under 15 in France. Under the ban students are not able to use their phones at all during school hours, including meal breaks.
“I think it’s a good thing. School is not about being on your phone，” Paris mum Marie-Caroline Madeleine told AFP. “It’s hard with kids. You can’t control what they see and that’s one of the things that worries me as a parent.”
There is no law like this in Australia, but some Australian schools have banned phones.
McKinnon Secondary School in Victoria introduced a total ban in February and Principal Pitsa Binnion said this has been a success.
McKinnon students still have a Chromebook to use in every class for day-to-day learning but they’re not allowed to use social media(媒体)．Ms Binnion said at first “teachers cheered and students moaned(抱怨)，” but now they’re seeing the positives(优势)．“They come to school and they’re not allowed to use phones at all during the school day, including lunch breaks，” she said.
“It’s been wonderful in terms of students communicating with each other at lunchtime and not looking at their screen，” she said.
Ms Binnion also leads by example and doesn’t use her mobile phone in school. “I think anyone can do it if we’ve done it.”
Not everyone agrees with the bans. Western Sydney University technology researcher Dr.Joanne Orlando wrote in online magazine The Conversation earlier this year that Australia should not ban phones in schools because it’s important to educate kids to live in the age they are raised in.
“A good education for students today is knowing how to use technology to learn, communicate and work with ideas，” she wrote. “Banning students from using smartphones is a 1950s response to a 2018 state-of-play.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了澳大利亚学校是否该禁止学生使用手机。
1．Why did Madeleine welcome the ban?
A．School is for studying.
B．Kids behave badly nowadays.
C．Teachers find it hard to control kids.
D．Her kids depend too much on phones.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的School is not about being on your phone可知，Madeleine认为学校不是玩手机的地方，言外之意就是学校是学习的地方。
2．What can we learn about the ban in McKinnon Secondary School?
A．Some teachers were against it at first.
B．Students can now see the good of the ban.
C．Students can use their phones at lunch breaks.
D．Teachers have stopped using phones at school as well.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的this has been a success和第五段中的now they’re seeing the positives可知，学生们起初抱怨，但现在都看到了这一禁令的好处。
3．What does the underlined word “Chromebook” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to?
A．A book. B．A notebook.
C．A learning website. D．A kind of computer.
D 解析：词义猜测题。由第一段中的Smartphones, tablets and smart watches和第五段中的for day-to-day learning but they’re not allowed to use social media(媒体)可知，画线词应该指的是一种电脑。学生们学习可以用，但是不允许使用社交网络。
4．What does Dr.Joanne Orlando think of banning phones in schools?
A．It will disconnect parents and kids.
B．It will cause kids to communicate less.
C．It will prevent kids being tech-minded.
D．It will make education go back 60 years.
C 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第一、二段可知，Dr.Joanne Orlando认为现在是科技时代，就应该让学生与时代接轨，禁止学生使用手机不符合这个时代的特征。
七选五
Studies have shown that about 30% of the children in America aged 6 to 19 are either overweight or obese(肥胖的).1.________ Besides, the situation in the countries of the European Union is similar.
If you are gaining weight, it does not always mean that you are becoming obese. After all, children and young adults need nutrients to grow. 2.________ However, if you begin putting on too much weight, you may be on the road to obesity.
3．________ Genes are one of the factors that can lead to it. Genes determine how your body stores food and how well it turns food into energy. Your genes come from your parents, so overweight parents are more likely to have overweight children.
Although you may have good genes, you can still become obese. In fact, the lack of physical exercise can also cause obesity. 4.________ For example, compared with going outside and doing some physical activities, children now prefer to sit still for hours in front of computers or TVs.
Many of us eat up to four meals a day thanks to excessive(过度的) snacking. And when we have a snack, we may don’t consider eating fruits. But this is not always the children’s fault. 5.________
A．Fast food is another reason for obesity.
B．But what may cause childhood obesity?
C．That is almost one out of three young Americans.
D．This increases their chances of becoming overweight.
E．So it is normal for them to gain weight as time goes on.
F．Nowadays, our free time activities have greatly changed.
G．After all, there are many stores offering all kinds of snacks near schools.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要陈述了造成青少年肥胖的几点因素。
1．C 解析：此空设于段中，与前文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的That指代的是前文中提到的数据30% of the children。
2．E 解析：此空设于段中，与前文之间存在逻辑上的因果关系。前文陈述：毕竟，孩子和青少年需要营养来成长，此句进一步论述，所以对于他们来说，随着时间的流逝，体重增长是正常的。
3．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面都是围绕此句展开说明基因是导致肥胖的一个原因。
4．F 解析：此空设于段中，与后文存在逻辑上的解释关系。此句说如今，人们的自由活动已经在很大程度上改变了，后面就这一点举例说明。
5．G 解析：此空设于段尾，对前一句进行解释。前一句说孩子们爱吃零食，这并不总是他们的错，此句进一步解释说明：毕竟，在学校周围有很多提供各种各样零食的商店。
语法填空
I took a short flight the other day. The passengers on the plane 1.____________(offer) an in-flight snack—a sandwich which contained dairy and meat. Since I 2.____________(feel) totally full at that time of the day, I put it in my bag. I hoped later that day, I may come across a homeless person, to 3.____________this sandwich may mean his only meal.
Well, I did come across a homeless man later that day. That man was with 4.____________(he) dog Bella. When I gave him 5.____________sandwich, I noticed his smile as he was opening the sandwich. He shared it 6.____________Bella. They started to eat quickly. 7.____________(see) how hungry he was, I emptied my bag of all treats and food I had. I also went and bought a large coffee for him. He 8.____________(sincere) thanked me and continued to have his “big” meal.
Kindness is such a simple thing for us to do. However, for 9.____________(receive), it can be life-changing. As a saying goes, “Ten men banded(聚集) together in love can do what ten thousand separately would fail in.” If each of us does one kind thing at a time, the strength 10.____________(build) up will be surprising.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文作者通过讲述自己将飞机餐送给无家可归的人的故事，号召我们一起做善事。
1．were offered 解析：考查动词的时态及语态。passengers和offer之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据上下文的语境可知，此处表示过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2．felt 解析：考查动词的时态。此处表示过去的动作，因此用动词的一般过去时。
3．whom 解析：考查关系代词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的宾语从句，且指代人，故用whom。
4．his 解析：考查代词。因为后面跟名词dog，所以用形容词性物主代词，故用his。
5．the 解析：考查冠词。前面已经提到过sandwich，此处再次提到，故用定冠词the。
6．with 解析：考查介词。share sth. with sb.意为：与某人分享某物，故填with。
7．Seeing 解析：考查非谓语动词。句子的逻辑主语与see之间是主动关系，故用现在分词做状语。
8．sincerely 解析：考查副词。修饰动词thanked，用副词sincerely，意为“真诚地”。
9．receivers 解析：考查名词。句意为：但是对于接受者来说，这可能是改变一生的行为。因为receiver是可数名词，故填receivers。
10．built 解析：考查非谓语动词。strength是被积累起来的，故用built作后置定语。
应用文写作
前段时间，我校高一年级进行了职业生涯规划(career planning)设计比赛。每个人对于自己未来的职业都满怀憧憬。请你就你心目中的未来职业，以My Job in the Future为题写一篇简短的演讲稿。
注意： 1.词数80左右； 演讲稿开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
2．内容要点：
(1)你未来希望从事何种职业；
(2)你想从事这份工作的原因；
(3)你该如何实现从事这份工作的理想。
3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
My Job in the Future
Good morning, everyone!
I often imagine what my job would be like after graduating from university. ________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
One possible version:
My Job in the Future
Good__morning,__everyone!
I__often__imagine__what__my__job__would__be__like__after__graduating__from__university. Unlike others, I prefer to be a farmer in the future.
It is well known that farming is the basic of a country, without which people would starve. I hope the whole world would be rid of hunger. Besides, we can make use of what we have learned in school to improve our agriculture.
I will work hard to reach my future. I will exercise regularly to build up my body and work hard in my study to be well educated. Only with a strong body and rich knowledge can I become a good farmer.
Thank__you!
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.technology n．工艺；科技；技术
①With_the_development_of_science_and_technology(随着科技的发展), we are living a happy life.
②Because of modern technology(technological), we live a life of high quality.
2.intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能
①They must have a(n) intelligence(智力) test before taking the job.
②George is organized, easy-going, hard-working, and intelligent(intelligence). In a word, I can’t think highly of him.
3.solve vt.解决；解答
①As far as I know, the problem is difficult to_solve(solve).
②The team are working hard to analyze it so that they can find the best solution(solve).
4.application n．应用；用途；申请
①To his disappointment, his application(apply) for the membership of the organization was turned down.
②After graduating from the college, he would like to apply for a job as a teacher.
5.goal n．目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分
①The footballer scored three goals(goal) and his team finally won the competition.
②I’m determined to achieve_my_goal(实现我的目标) no matter how hard it is.
6.signal vi.& vt.发信号 n．信号
①The responsible woman signaled(signal) to the cars behind, but they didn’t notice.
②The traffic policeman signaled the driver to_stop(stop) for a check.
7.arise vi.出现；发生
①Seeing their favourite star come in, the devoted fans arose(arise) from their seats immediately.
②He recognized that most of his mistakes arose_from(因……产生) his nervousness in the exam.
重点词汇夯实练
8.happiness n．幸福；快乐
①We are good friends and we should share sadness and happiness(happy) .
②I think happiness(happy) relies on our attitude towards life.
9.personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的
①I wish to work in my own personal(personally) company in the future.
②Personally(personal), I prefer to go to Beijing for my holiday.
10.appearance n．外观；外貌；出现
①We shouldn’t judge a man only by his appearance(appear).
②The black car drove away from them and disappeared(disappear).
阅读词汇排查练
1.calculate vt. 计算
2.universal adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的
3.artificial adj. 人造的；假的
4.network n. 网络；网状物
5.mobile adj. 可移动的；机动的
6.rocket n． 火箭
7.Mars n. 火星
8.simplify vt. 简化
9.supporting adj. 支持的，支撑的
10.virus n. 病毒
11.spoil vt. 损坏；宠坏
12.mop n. 拖把
vt. 用拖把拖；擦
13.teammate n. 伙伴，同伴
14.niece n. 侄女；甥女
15.naughty adj. 顽皮的；淘气的
重点短语
会书写
会应用
1.from...on 从……时起
2.as_a_result 结果
3.so...that... 如此……以至于……
4.in_a_way 在某种程度上
5.with_the_help_of 在……的帮助下
6.deal_with 处理；安排；对付
7.watch_over 看守；监视
8.have_sth.in_common 有共同之处
9.make_up 组成；弥补；编造
10.after_all 毕竟
11.share_sth._with_sb. 与某人分享某物
12.provide_sb._with_sth. 为某人提供某物
1.Share the happiness with others and you will get more happiness.
2.In order to make sure that his children were safe while playing on the beach, he kept watching_over them all the time.
3.Those two brothers not only look alike, but also they have a lot in_common.
4.I made great progress in English with_the_help_of Mr Lin.
5.There are many difficulties to deal_with when starting a new business.
6.I don’t want to waste a second, and as_a_result I’ll make a plan and have a strict schedule.
7.My brother took me to a rock concert when I was 8 years old. From_then_on,_I fell in love with rock music.
8.Don’t be so angry with your mother. After_all,_she cares about you very much and tries to help you.
重点句型
1.It be/takes＋一段时间＋before...过了多久才……
过了两个多月我才了解到事实真相。
It took more than two months before_I_knew_the_truth.
2.as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”
随着时间的流逝，我了解到他是一个很可靠的人。
As_time_went_by,_I knew that he was a reliable person.3.by＋时间点，表示“到……时候”，谓语动词常用完成时。
到20世纪90年代时，计算机已经在全世界流行起来了。
By the 1990s, the computer had_been_popular all over the world.
4.while引导的时间状语从句的省略
她在等公共汽车时，碰到了一位好朋友。
While_waiting_for_the_bus,_she met a good friend.
5.whenever引导时间状语从句，意为“无论何时”
无论何时我们遇到困难，他总是乐意帮助我们。
He is always willing to help us whenever_we_meet_with_difficulties.
单元语法
1．It’s the first time that the old computer has_been_checked(check) since I bought it.
2．A new library and a gymnasium in our school have_been_set(set) up so far and they will be put into use very soon.
3．A lot of things have_been_done(do) by the girl since yesterday.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．李平是一个聪明而有个性的男孩。(intelligent；character)
2．小时候他梦想着成为一名天文学家，探索未知的宇宙世界。(explore)
3．他的家庭是如此贫穷以至于他父母无法供他上大学。(so...that...)
4．因此，他不得不在农场帮他父亲干活。(as a result)
5．即便如此，他坚持自学并且下决心挣到上大学的费用。(anyhow)
6．随着时间的流逝，在某种程度上情况有所改善。(as time goes by；in a way)
7．在老师和朋友们的帮助下，他终于迈进了大学的校门。(with the help of)
8．大约过了5年他实现了自己的理想。(achieve one’s goal)
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
Li Ping is an intelligent boy of strong character.As a child, he dreamed of becoming an astronomer, exploring the unknown universe.However, his family was so poor that his parents weren’t able to send him to college.As a result, he had to help his father on the farm.Anyhow，he taught himself all the time and decided to earn the money for college.As time went by, things improved more or less in a way and he managed to go to college with the help of his teachers and friends, and after about 5 years he achieved his goal.
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