人类对太空的探索从未停止过。你知道第一个遨游太空的人和第一个登陆月球的人都是谁吗？让我们一起来了解一下吧！
Who Was the First Person in Space?
Growing up in today’s world, it can be hard to imagine a time when outer space was a true mystery. You already know men have walked on the Moon. The International Space Station orbits(绕轨道飞行) Earth and sends back all sorts of information.
Way back in the day, though, outer space was an unexplored frontier(领域). The people of Earth could only look up at the sky and wonder about what was up there.
All that changed on April 12, 1961. That day, Russian cosmonaut(宇航员) Yuri Gagarin became the first human being in space. In the Russian Vostok 1 spacecraft, he made his historic 108-minute orbit around Earth—a place no man had gone before.
Gagarin’s achievement set off a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union known as the “space race”. For example, Alan Shepard became the
first American in space less than a month after Gagarin. On July 21, 1969, American Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon as part of the Apollo 11 mission(任务)．
Gagarin and Armstrong’s groundbreaking space travels paved the way for what was to come. From space shuttle flights to manned space stations orbiting Earth, we now know much more about the world beyond Earth’s atmosphere than would have ever been possible without these pioneers!
Today, scientists are more willing to use modern technology to explore the outer reaches of space. Would you like to be on the cutting edge(前沿) of future astronomical discoveries? If so, you might want to work in a field such as science, technology, engineering or mathematics. You never know when your name might be attached to the next spacecraft that explores beyond Mars into the outer reaches of our solar system!
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.system n. 系统；体系；制度
2.theory n. 学说；理论
3.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛
4.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的
5.multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加
拓展词汇
6.harmful adj.有害的→harm n．伤害；危害vt.对……有害
7.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力；(感情)强烈→violently adv.猛烈地；凶狠地
8.puzzle n．谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑不解的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
9.unlike prep.与……不同；不像→like(反义词)prep.像→dislike v．& n．不喜欢(的东西)
10.globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的
11.exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存
12.religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教的
阅读词汇
13.astronomy n. 天文学
14.astronomer n. 天文学家
15.billion pron.& n．& adj. 〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿
16.carbon n. 碳
17.dioxide n. 二氧化物
18.chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链
重点短语
1.in time 及时；终于
2.lay eggs 下蛋
3.in one’s turn 轮到某人
4.give birth to 产生；分娩
5.prevent...from 阻止；制止
6.cool down 冷却下来；变凉
重点句型
1.“be＋不定式”结构：What it was to become(会变成) was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
2.make＋宾语＋宾补：This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop(使生命发展成为可能).
3.whether引导主语从句：So whether life will continue on the earth(生命能否继续在地球上存在) for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
Fast-reading
Skim the text and do the following exercises.
1．Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1 A．The formation of the earth.
Para. 2 B．A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.
Para. 3 C．The development of plants and animals on the earth.
Para. 4 D．The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.
Para. 5 E．The importance of water for life.
答案：BAECD
2．What does the passage tell us?
A．The importance of water.
B．How the life began on the earth.
C．How human beings appeared.
D．How plants appeared.
答案：B
Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?
A．The earth had a solid shape.
B．The earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.
C．The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.
D．The earth was neither too hot nor too cold.
2．Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?
A．Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.
B．Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.
C．Animals could hide from hunters in the forest.
D．It was easier for plants to grow.
3．Why did dinosaurs disappear 65 million years ago?
A．Because the earth was too hot for them to live on.
B．Because there was no food for them to eat.
C．Because the earth exploded at that time.
D．It still remains a mystery for us.
4．What problem is caused by human beings?
A．They exist everywhere on the earth.
B．They cause global warming.
C．They find new methods of growing crops.
D．They enjoy hunting and fishing.
答案：1－4.CBDB
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the passage.
1．However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.
本句是一个复合句。according to...作状语，主语是the universe, began是谓语。“Big Bang”是先行词，在从句中作主语，that引导的句子是定语从句。
[翻译] 然而，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。
2．What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
本句是一个复合句。What many scientists believe是主语从句，is是系动词，that引导的是表语从句。
[翻译] 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
3．They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.
本句是一个复合句。They multiplied... with oxygen是主句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，which代指前面整句话。
[翻译] 它们迅速增加并使得海洋充满了氧气，这促进了后来早期的贝类及各种鱼类的发展。
4．So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
本句是一个复合句。whether life... to come是主语从句，will depend on是句子的谓语，介词on后是whether引导的宾语从句。
[翻译] 所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
①according to根据，to为介词，后可跟名词、代词等。
according to后不接view(看法)和opinion(意见)之类的词。如果要表达类似的意思，可用in one’s view, in one’s opinion等。
②accepted adj.普遍接受的
③theory['θI?rI]n.学说；理论
in theory在理论上
④begin with从……开始，以……为起点
⑤in all directions (＝in every direction)朝四面八方
from all directions＝from every direction从四面八方来
⑥atom['?t?m]n.原子
⑦billion['bIlI?n]pron. & n. & adj.十亿
⑧globe[ɡl??b]n.球体；地球仪；地球
global['ɡl??bl]adj.全球性的；全世界的
⑨violent['vaI?l?nt]adj.猛烈的，激烈的；强暴的
explode[Ik'spl??d]v.(使)爆炸
?in time终于；及时；经过一段时间之后
?carbon dioxide二氧化碳
carbon['kɑ?b?n]n.碳
dioxide[daI'?ksaId]n.二氧化物
?nitrogen['naItr?d??n]n.氮
?vapour['veIp?]n.蒸气；水蒸气
?atmosphere['?tm?sfI?]n.
大气层；气氛
?cool down变凉，冷却下来
?unlike[?n'laIk]prep.与……不同；不像
反义词：like prep.相似，像
?fundamental[?f?nd?'mentl]adj.基本的；基础的
be fundamental to是……的基础
?continued adj.连续不断的；继续不变的
?presence['prezns]n.存在；出席；到场
(dissolve[dI'z?lv]vt. & vi.溶解；解散
(harmful['hɑ?mfl]adj.有害的
be harmful to对……有害(＝do harm to)
(acid['?sId]n.酸
(a chain reaction连锁反应
chain[t?eIn]n.连锁；链子；锁链
reaction[rI'?k?n]n.反应；回应
(multiply['m?ltIplaI]vi. & vt.增加；乘
(oxygen['?ksId??n]n.氧
(encourage vt.促进；助长；刺激；鼓励，激励
(shellfish['?elfI?]n.水生有壳动物
(amphibian[?m'fIbI?n]n.
两栖动物
(reptile['reptaIl]n.爬行动物；爬虫
(lay eggs下蛋
(dinosaur['daIn?s??]n.恐龙
(exist[Iɡ'zIst]vi.存在；生存
existence[Iɡ'zIst?ns]n.存在
(age n．时代
(mammal['m?ml]n.哺乳
动物
(give birth to产生；分娩
(thus[e?s]adv.因此；于是
(in one’s turn轮到某人
(prevent...from阻止；制止
(as a result of由于，因为
(depend on取决于
【核心素养链接】
Big Bang宇宙大爆炸。宇宙大爆炸理论是现代宇宙学中最有影响的一种学说。它的主要观点是认为宇宙曾有一段从热到冷的演化史。在这个时期里，宇宙体系在不断地膨胀，使物质密度从密到稀演化，如同一次规模巨大的爆炸。该理论的创始人之一是伽莫夫。他认为：我们所观测到的宇宙始于150亿年前的一次大爆炸。爆炸之初，物质只能以中子、原子、电子、光子和中微子等基本粒子形态存在。宇宙爆炸之后的不断膨胀，导致温度和密度很快下降。随着温度降低、冷却，逐步形成原子、原子核、分子，并复合成为通常的气体。气体逐渐凝聚成星云，星云进一步形成各种各样的恒星和星系，最终形成我们如今所看到的宇宙。
HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH
No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to① a widely accepted② theory③， the universe began with④ a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions⑤. After that, atoms⑥ began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.
◆在本句中，how the earth began是由how引导的宾语从句，作knows的宾语；as it happened so long ago是由as引导的原因状语从句。
◆that threw matter...directions是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a “Big Bang”。
For several billion⑦ years after the “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe⑧. The earth became so violent⑨ that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded⑩ loudly with fire and rock.They were in time? to produce carbon dioxide?， nitrogen?，water vapour? and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere?. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down?，water began to appear on its surface.
◆本句为主从复合句。What引导主语从句，且在从句中作become的表语。when引导定语从句，修饰between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago。
◆本句含有“so...that...”结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。在it was not clear whether...or not中，it为形式主语，whether...or not为真正的主语。
◆此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的carbon dioxide... other gases。
◆本句为主从复合句。What引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，在该表语从句中，as引导时间状语从句。
Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike? the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental? to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued? presence? of water allowed the earth to dissolve( harmful( gases and acids( into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction(, which made it possible for life to develop．
◆在It was not immediately obvious that...of life中，It为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。
◆本句为主从复合句。What引导主语从句，并在从句中作believe的宾语；that引导表语从句。
◆which made it possible...to develop是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a chain reaction。made it possible... to develop中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为to develop, life为不定式的逻辑主语，由介词for引出。
Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.They multiplied( and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen(, which encouraged( the later development of early shellfish( and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land.They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians(, were able to live on land as well as in the water.Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles( appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs(. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs(, developed. They laid eggs too and existed( on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age( of the dinosaurs ended.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals( on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to( young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.
◆which在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的整个主句。
◆过去分词短语called amphibians作后置定语，相当于定语从句which were called amphibians。
◆Why they suddenly disappeared是Why引导的主语从句。
◆made possible the rise of mammals on the earth为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处宾语为the rise of mammals on the earth，宾补为possible。
Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth.Thus( they have, in their turn(, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from( escaping from the earth into space. As a result of( this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on( whether this problem can be solved.
◆此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子。
◆此处包含“too...to...”结构，live on中的on不能省略，因为它与earth之间有逻辑上的介宾关系。
◆本句为主从复合句。第一个whether引导主语从句，第二个whether引导宾语从句。在主语从句中，动词不定式to come作后置定语，修饰millions of years。
地球上生命的起源
没有人确切地知道地球是怎样开始形成的，因为那是很久以前的事了。然而，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。
大爆炸后的数十亿年中，地球仍然是一团尘埃。它将变成什么还不确定。直到45亿－38亿年前，这团尘埃稳定下来变成了固态的球体。(此后)地球(活动)变得如此剧烈以至于(人们)不知道这个(固体)形状能否继续存在下去。它猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。甚至更重要的是，随着地球的冷却，地球表面开始出现水。
在像火星这样的其他行星上也出现过水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。水对于生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。
数百万年后，第一批极小的植物开始出现在水面上。它们迅速增加并使得海洋充满了氧气，这促进了后来早期的贝类及各种鱼类的发展。接着，绿色植物开始在陆地上生长。过了一段时间之后陆地上出现了动物。其中一些是昆虫，另外一些被称为两栖动物，这些两栖动物既能在水中生存，又能在陆地上生存。在植物长成森林之后，爬行动物首次出现了。它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。在那之后一些叫作恐龙的巨型动物发展起来了。它们也产卵，在地球上生存了1亿4千多万年。然而，在6 500万年前，恐龙时代结束了。它们为什么突然消失仍然是个谜。它们的消失使得地球上哺乳动物的产生成为可能。这些动物不同于以前所有的生命形式，因为它们能产下幼崽并产奶喂养幼崽。
最后，大约260万年前，一些聪明的小型动物出现了，如今这些动物有着手和脚，散布在地球的各个地方。于是，他们接着成了这个星球上最重要的动物。但是他们没有很好地守护地球。他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。因为这个原因，许多科学家认为地球可能会变得太热而不适合生物的生存。所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
[学生用书P125(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
Make Space in Your Summer for Free Fun
You don’t have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut: You can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16.
Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she’ll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16—the museum’s first Family Day of the season—to tell you all about her adventures.(Okay, it’s actually an actress pretending to be Earhart.) NASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions, too.Come to learn how space exploration changed the world.
Another Family Day event takes place on July 25. At “Discover the Moon Day！” you can steer(驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites(陨石) that were found on the moon, see the capsule(太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3-D glasses.
You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz. We’ll give you one example: July 20, 1969—46 years ago this month. Do you know what happened that day?
National Air and Space Museum
Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW
Open daily 10 a．m. to 7：30 p．m. through September 1 (with a few early closings at 5：30 p．m.; visit our website for details)．
Family Day programs are from 10 a．m. to 3 p．m.
Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 a．m. to 5 p．m. and Saturday from 9 a．m. to 4 p．m.
All ages, but best for age 7 and older.
For more information, call 202-633-2214 or go to www.airandspace.si.edu.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，是美国国家航空航天博物馆的活动介绍。
1．What can museum visitors do on July 16?
A．Create lunar art.
B．Step into an unusual capsule.
C．See a movie about Earhart’s adventures.
D．Learn about a missing woman pilot’s life.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight 和 on July 16... to tell you all about her adventures 可知，在7月16日博物馆的家庭日活动中，游客可以学习了解一些关于 Earhart 这名失踪的女飞行员的故事。
2．What do we know about “Discover the Moon Day！”？
A．It includes a moon quiz competition.
B．It’s the first Family Day at the museum.
C．It features a famous astronaut’s explanations.
D．It gives people first-hand experience of space.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中列举的“发现月球日”活动：steer(驾驶) a robotic rover, examine meteorites(陨石), see the capsule(太空舱)和 view photos of the lunar surface 可知，该活动给人们提供亲身体验太空的机会。
3．What’s the closing time for the Family Day programs?
A．3 p．m. B．4 p．m.
C．5：30 p．m. D．7：30 p．m.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章后半部分中的 Family Day programs are from 10 a．m. to 3 p．m.可知，家庭日的活动最晚到下午3点结束。
B
Mars is the second-smallest planet in the Solar System. And like the Earth, the climate of Mars has changed over time. Today, Mars is cold and dry and liquid water is not stable on the surface. However, Mars has valley networks, deltas and lake deposits(沉积物). It means it must have had freely flowing water at some point, probably around 4 billion years ago.
But climate models of the planet’s deep past haven’t been able to produce warm enough conditions to allow liquid water on the surface. “There are people trying to model Mars’ ancient climate using the same kind of models we use here on Earth, and they’re having a really hard time doing it. It’s difficult to create a warm ancient Mars because the Sun was less brighter then and the whole Solar System was cooler at that time，” said Briony Horgan, an assistant professor of earth, atmosphere and planet sciences at Purdue University. “While a lot of people are using climate models, we’re coming at this from a special view—what do the volcanic(火山的) records of Mars tell us？”
Volcanic eruptions(喷发) always happened throughout Mars’ early history. When volcanoes erupt under the ice, the mixture of heat and melt water could create flat-topped mountains called “tuyas”， or table mountains. “We now have data that say there had to have been ice on Mars at some point，” said Ackiss, a Ph.D. candidate at Purdue.
If researchers could find evidence for the volcanic activity under ice elsewhere, it would make sure the case for a very cold ancient Mars. But don’t fear, space lovers. This doesn’t kill the possibility of past life on Mars. “Even if Mars was a cold and icy wasteland, these volcanic eruptions acting with ice could have created a little happy place for life to exist，” Horgan said.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家Briony Horgan根据火山运动推测火星过去的气候。
4．According to Paragraph 1, Mars in our Solar System ________.
A．had water long ago
B．has cold and wet climate
C．has valleys and lakes now
D．is the second largest planet
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的It means it must have had freely flowing water at some point, probably around 4 billion years ago.可知，很久以前火星上有水。
5．When talking about the research of Mars’ ancient climate, Briony Horgan ________．
A．was confused about the change of it
B．suggested studying it in the traditional way
C．was for climate models used on Earth for it
D．considered volcanic records as important evidence
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的While a lot of people are using climate models, we’re coming at this from a special view...可知，Briony Horgan认为火山记录是研究过去火星气候很重要的证据。
6．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A．There was no ice on Mars in old days.
B．There might be living things on ancient Mars.
C．The volcanic eruptions showed evidence of life.
D．The volcanoes on Mars erupt frequently nowadays.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的This doesn’t kill the possibility of past life on Mars.以及．..these volcanic eruptions acting with ice could have created a little happy place for life to exist...可知，过去火星上可能会存在生命。
C
Most people have experienced ostracism(孤立) as an observer, whether in school, at work, or among family or friends. Even the people who are not in trouble often couldn’t keep calm when it comes to ostracism. And when a group ostracizes someone out of unkind reasons, others usually view it very negatively as unfair. However, outsiders may also judge(评判) ostracism to be acceptable, for example, when the person ostracized has behaved out of place.
A research team from the University of Basel led by the psychologist Dr. Selma Rudert has now researched five studies. These studies are used to examine by what evidence people are influenced in such judgment situations. The number of volunteers in each of the studies ranges from 30 to 527. The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.
The researchers showed the volunteers various situations of ostracism. Imagine there were three students in a room. The ideas and suggestions from one of the students were regularly taken no notice by the other two. When the ostracized person was “different” from the other two, for example, outsiders judged the ostracism to be unfair. They were annoyed at the two students. However, when the group members were more similar—such as all from the same country, the outsiders’ viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.
“These studies are important for topics such as ostracism in schools or workplaces，” says Rudert. When people are too heavily influenced by factors on the surface only and don’t care actual information, it can quickly lead to misjudgments. “In fact，” says Rudert, “you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了群体内的相似性影响着人们对孤立现象的评判。
7．What do outsiders think of ostracism?
A．It is always unfair.
B．It is unkind to others.
C．It can be accepted at times.
D．It can help people keep calm.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的...outsiders may also judge(评判) ostracism to be acceptable...可知，旁观者有时认为孤立是可以接受的。
8．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．There are 2，785 volunteers totally in the studies.
B．The ostracized people behave differently from others.
C．These studies examine the evidence of people’s differences.
D．People are easily influenced by others when judging somebody.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.可知，被孤立的人通常行为举止异于他人。
9．The outsiders showed negative opinions on the ostracized person when ________．
A．the person had annoyed them
B．there were more similarities among them
C．their ideas were taken no notice by the person
D．they wanted to have no relationship with the person
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的．..when the group members were more similar—such as all from the same country, the outsiders’ viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.可知，当小组成员有相似之处的时候，旁观者不会同情被孤立的人。
10．What’s Rudert’s suggestion on the ostracism?
A．Giving support to the ostracized people.
B．Paying more attention to the ostracized people.
C．Knowing about the actual situation before judging.
D．Avoiding talking about ostracized people in schools.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的．..you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.可知，Rudert建议人们在评判之前先了解情况。
七选五
Many of us long to give a humorous speech well. We imagine ourselves being clever, telling jokes, seeing our hearers smile appreciatively, and laugh in the places where they’re meant to.1.________ If you’re trying to give a humorous speech, here are some tips.
2．________ Is the primary goal of your speech to be funny or is it to give knowledge with humor? Unless you are a comedian, the main purpose of your speech is probably to give your message in an entertaining way, which will include humor. This implies that you will use humor as a tool to help you communicate and carry your message to the audience.
Understanding humor. Humor comes in many shapes and sizes from silly smiles to belly laughs(捧腹大笑).3.________ This enables you to choose what will suit your audience, your speech topic, and the occasion.
Learning to use humor effectively. What works, what doesn’t, and why? We know adding humor to our presentations makes them more effective and more memorable, but sometimes the more we try, the worse it gets. The jokes may fall flat.4.________
Practising before you give your speech. Having prepared your speech, you’re ready for practising. Try to practise more time.5.________ You’ll find out what works, what doesn’t, where you need to edit and why. Truly, I’m not exaggerating(夸张) when I say that practice can make all the difference between success and disappointment.
A．But this is not easy to achieve.
B．In this way, you will improve your speech.
C．Understanding the main purpose of your speech.
D．Asking for advice if you don’t know how to make it.
E．So it’s unlikely that you’ll deliver a humorous speech.
F．Knowing the variety of it can help you use humor more effectively.
G．Therefore, it’s important for you to know how to use humor effectively.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何创作出一篇富有幽默感的演讲稿提了几点建议。
1．A 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的转折关系。本空前讲的是一场幽默的演讲的效果，本空后就如何创作出一篇富有幽默感的演讲稿提了几点建议，故此处需要一个承上启下的句子，故可推出答案。
2．C 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句，后面提到的要懂得演讲稿的主要目的都是围绕这一句展开的。
3．F 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的it指代上文的humor，是指懂得幽默的种类能帮助我们更有效地使用幽默。
4．G 解析：此空设于段尾，是对这一段讲述的内容进行总结。前面讲的是在演讲稿中正确使用幽默并不容易，所以我们需要知道怎样才能高效使用幽默。
5．B 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的顺承关系。根据上文的Having prepared your speech...Try to practise more time.可知，准备好演讲稿后，你就准备好练习了。尝试练习更多时间。这样，你的演讲就会得到提高。
课件55张PPT。Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsUnit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsUnit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsUnit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsUnit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsUnit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsUnit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsUnit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
[学生用书P125(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
Make Space in Your Summer for Free Fun
You don’t have to go to the moon to meet an astronaut: You can do it at the Air and Space Museum on July 16.
Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight around the globe in 1937. But she’ll be at the National Air and Space Museum on July 16—the museum’s first Family Day of the season—to tell you all about her adventures.(Okay, it’s actually an actress pretending to be Earhart.) NASA astronaut Patrick Forrester will be there to answer your questions, too.Come to learn how space exploration changed the world.
Another Family Day event takes place on July 25. At “Discover the Moon Day！” you can steer(驾驶) a robotic rover (a vehicle for exploring the surface of a planet), examine meteorites(陨石) that were found on the moon, see the capsule(太空舱) that took the Apollo 11 astronauts there and back and view photos of the lunar surface using 3-D glasses.
You can create lunar art and take a moon quiz. We’ll give you one example: July 20, 1969—46 years ago this month. Do you know what happened that day?
National Air and Space Museum
Independence Avenue at Sixth Street SW
Open daily 10 a．m. to 7：30 p．m. through September 1 (with a few early closings at 5：30 p．m.; visit our website for details)．
Family Day programs are from 10 a．m. to 3 p．m.
Information specialists are available Monday through Friday from 9 a．m. to 5 p．m. and Saturday from 9 a．m. to 4 p．m.
All ages, but best for age 7 and older.
For more information, call 202-633-2214 or go to www.airandspace.si.edu.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，是美国国家航空航天博物馆的活动介绍。
1．What can museum visitors do on July 16?
A．Create lunar art.
B．Step into an unusual capsule.
C．See a movie about Earhart’s adventures.
D．Learn about a missing woman pilot’s life.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Pioneering pilot Amelia Earhart disappeared on a flight 和 on July 16... to tell you all about her adventures 可知，在7月16日博物馆的家庭日活动中，游客可以学习了解一些关于 Earhart 这名失踪的女飞行员的故事。
2．What do we know about “Discover the Moon Day！”？
A．It includes a moon quiz competition.
B．It’s the first Family Day at the museum.
C．It features a famous astronaut’s explanations.
D．It gives people first-hand experience of space.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中列举的“发现月球日”活动：steer(驾驶) a robotic rover, examine meteorites(陨石), see the capsule(太空舱)和 view photos of the lunar surface 可知，该活动给人们提供亲身体验太空的机会。
3．What’s the closing time for the Family Day programs?
A．3 p．m. B．4 p．m.
C．5：30 p．m. D．7：30 p．m.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章后半部分中的 Family Day programs are from 10 a．m. to 3 p．m.可知，家庭日的活动最晚到下午3点结束。
B
Mars is the second-smallest planet in the Solar System. And like the Earth, the climate of Mars has changed over time. Today, Mars is cold and dry and liquid water is not stable on the surface. However, Mars has valley networks, deltas and lake deposits(沉积物). It means it must have had freely flowing water at some point, probably around 4 billion years ago.
But climate models of the planet’s deep past haven’t been able to produce warm enough conditions to allow liquid water on the surface. “There are people trying to model Mars’ ancient climate using the same kind of models we use here on Earth, and they’re having a really hard time doing it. It’s difficult to create a warm ancient Mars because the Sun was less brighter then and the whole Solar System was cooler at that time，” said Briony Horgan, an assistant professor of earth, atmosphere and planet sciences at Purdue University. “While a lot of people are using climate models, we’re coming at this from a special view—what do the volcanic(火山的) records of Mars tell us？”
Volcanic eruptions(喷发) always happened throughout Mars’ early history. When volcanoes erupt under the ice, the mixture of heat and melt water could create flat-topped mountains called “tuyas”， or table mountains. “We now have data that say there had to have been ice on Mars at some point，” said Ackiss, a Ph.D. candidate at Purdue.
If researchers could find evidence for the volcanic activity under ice elsewhere, it would make sure the case for a very cold ancient Mars. But don’t fear, space lovers. This doesn’t kill the possibility of past life on Mars. “Even if Mars was a cold and icy wasteland, these volcanic eruptions acting with ice could have created a little happy place for life to exist，” Horgan said.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家Briony Horgan根据火山运动推测火星过去的气候。
4．According to Paragraph 1, Mars in our Solar System ________.
A．had water long ago
B．has cold and wet climate
C．has valleys and lakes now
D．is the second largest planet
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的It means it must have had freely flowing water at some point, probably around 4 billion years ago.可知，很久以前火星上有水。
5．When talking about the research of Mars’ ancient climate, Briony Horgan ________．
A．was confused about the change of it
B．suggested studying it in the traditional way
C．was for climate models used on Earth for it
D．considered volcanic records as important evidence
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的While a lot of people are using climate models, we’re coming at this from a special view...可知，Briony Horgan认为火山记录是研究过去火星气候很重要的证据。
6．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A．There was no ice on Mars in old days.
B．There might be living things on ancient Mars.
C．The volcanic eruptions showed evidence of life.
D．The volcanoes on Mars erupt frequently nowadays.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的This doesn’t kill the possibility of past life on Mars.以及．..these volcanic eruptions acting with ice could have created a little happy place for life to exist...可知，过去火星上可能会存在生命。
C
Most people have experienced ostracism(孤立) as an observer, whether in school, at work, or among family or friends. Even the people who are not in trouble often couldn’t keep calm when it comes to ostracism. And when a group ostracizes someone out of unkind reasons, others usually view it very negatively as unfair. However, outsiders may also judge(评判) ostracism to be acceptable, for example, when the person ostracized has behaved out of place.
A research team from the University of Basel led by the psychologist Dr. Selma Rudert has now researched five studies. These studies are used to examine by what evidence people are influenced in such judgment situations. The number of volunteers in each of the studies ranges from 30 to 527. The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.
The researchers showed the volunteers various situations of ostracism. Imagine there were three students in a room. The ideas and suggestions from one of the students were regularly taken no notice by the other two. When the ostracized person was “different” from the other two, for example, outsiders judged the ostracism to be unfair. They were annoyed at the two students. However, when the group members were more similar—such as all from the same country, the outsiders’ viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.
“These studies are important for topics such as ostracism in schools or workplaces，” says Rudert. When people are too heavily influenced by factors on the surface only and don’t care actual information, it can quickly lead to misjudgments. “In fact，” says Rudert, “you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了群体内的相似性影响着人们对孤立现象的评判。
7．What do outsiders think of ostracism?
A．It is always unfair.
B．It is unkind to others.
C．It can be accepted at times.
D．It can help people keep calm.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的...outsiders may also judge(评判) ostracism to be acceptable...可知，旁观者有时认为孤立是可以接受的。
8．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．There are 2，785 volunteers totally in the studies.
B．The ostracized people behave differently from others.
C．These studies examine the evidence of people’s differences.
D．People are easily influenced by others when judging somebody.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.可知，被孤立的人通常行为举止异于他人。
9．The outsiders showed negative opinions on the ostracized person when ________．
A．the person had annoyed them
B．there were more similarities among them
C．their ideas were taken no notice by the person
D．they wanted to have no relationship with the person
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的．..when the group members were more similar—such as all from the same country, the outsiders’ viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.可知，当小组成员有相似之处的时候，旁观者不会同情被孤立的人。
10．What’s Rudert’s suggestion on the ostracism?
A．Giving support to the ostracized people.
B．Paying more attention to the ostracized people.
C．Knowing about the actual situation before judging.
D．Avoiding talking about ostracized people in schools.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的．..you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.可知，Rudert建议人们在评判之前先了解情况。
七选五
Many of us long to give a humorous speech well. We imagine ourselves being clever, telling jokes, seeing our hearers smile appreciatively, and laugh in the places where they’re meant to.1.________ If you’re trying to give a humorous speech, here are some tips.
2．________ Is the primary goal of your speech to be funny or is it to give knowledge with humor? Unless you are a comedian, the main purpose of your speech is probably to give your message in an entertaining way, which will include humor. This implies that you will use humor as a tool to help you communicate and carry your message to the audience.
Understanding humor. Humor comes in many shapes and sizes from silly smiles to belly laughs(捧腹大笑).3.________ This enables you to choose what will suit your audience, your speech topic, and the occasion.
Learning to use humor effectively. What works, what doesn’t, and why? We know adding humor to our presentations makes them more effective and more memorable, but sometimes the more we try, the worse it gets. The jokes may fall flat.4.________
Practising before you give your speech. Having prepared your speech, you’re ready for practising. Try to practise more time.5.________ You’ll find out what works, what doesn’t, where you need to edit and why. Truly, I’m not exaggerating(夸张) when I say that practice can make all the difference between success and disappointment.
A．But this is not easy to achieve.
B．In this way, you will improve your speech.
C．Understanding the main purpose of your speech.
D．Asking for advice if you don’t know how to make it.
E．So it’s unlikely that you’ll deliver a humorous speech.
F．Knowing the variety of it can help you use humor more effectively.
G．Therefore, it’s important for you to know how to use humor effectively.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何创作出一篇富有幽默感的演讲稿提了几点建议。
1．A 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的转折关系。本空前讲的是一场幽默的演讲的效果，本空后就如何创作出一篇富有幽默感的演讲稿提了几点建议，故此处需要一个承上启下的句子，故可推出答案。
2．C 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句，后面提到的要懂得演讲稿的主要目的都是围绕这一句展开的。
3．F 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的it指代上文的humor，是指懂得幽默的种类能帮助我们更有效地使用幽默。
4．G 解析：此空设于段尾，是对这一段讲述的内容进行总结。前面讲的是在演讲稿中正确使用幽默并不容易，所以我们需要知道怎样才能高效使用幽默。
5．B 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的顺承关系。根据上文的Having prepared your speech...Try to practise more time.可知，准备好演讲稿后，你就准备好练习了。尝试练习更多时间。这样，你的演讲就会得到提高。
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的
(教材P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
(此后)地球(活动)变得如此剧烈以至于(人们)不知道这个(固体)形状是否会继续存在下去。
(1)violent crimes/behaviour 暴力犯罪/行为
a violent storm 暴风骤雨
(2)violently adv. 猛烈地；凶狠地
(3)violence n. 暴力，暴行；(感情)强烈
①He was caught in a violent storm yesterday.
他昨天碰上了暴风雨。
②She had a violent quarrel with her husband because of the housework.
因为家务活她与丈夫发生了激烈的争吵。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We firmly believe that war never settles anything.It only leads to violence(violent)．
②(2018·北京卷)However, anger can easily turn violent(violence), and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.
in time 及时；终于；迟早
(教材P25)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.
(爆炸)最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
on time 准时
at times 有时
in no time 立刻，马上
at no time 决不
at a time 每次；一次
at one time 一度，曾经
①You will succeed in time as long as you don’t give up.
只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。
②The doctor came in time to save his life.
医生及时赶到来抢救他的生命。
[即学即练]——用time的相关短语填空
①You will benefit from reading in time．
②The rescue teams were sent to the spot in no time．
③All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.
④At one time,I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.
unlike prep.与……不同；不像
(教材P26)Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.
在像火星这样的其他行星上也出现过水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。
(1)It’s unlike sb. to do sth. 做某事不像某人平常的样子
(2)unlikely adj. 不可能的
①Unlike her younger brother, she is more hard-working.
和她弟弟不同的是，她更刻苦。
②It is unlike her to be so patient with children.
对孩子那么有耐心不像她平常的样子。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It’s unlike(like) him to be late, he is usually on time.
②I have learned that Mr. Brown disagrees with you. Your suggestion is unlikely(like) to be accepted under present condition.
[链接写作]——高考小作文
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)如果你不懂中国的餐桌礼仪，你有可能使你的朋友感到尴尬。
It is likely that you will make your friends feel embarrassed if you don’t know China’s table manners.
harmful adj.有害的；造成伤害的
(教材P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
(1)be harmful to 对……有害
(2)harmless adj. 无害的，不致伤害的
be harmless to 对……无害的
(3)harm n. 伤害；危害
vt. 对……有害
do harm to sb.＝do sb.harm 对某人有害
There is no harm in doing sth. 不妨做某事。
①It’s harmful to your eyes to read books in the sun.
在阳光下看书对你的眼睛有害。
②In my opinion, the bacteria are harmless to humans.
依我看来，这种细菌对人类无害。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①As we all know, a bad eating habit is harmful(harm) to one’s health.
②As far as I’m concerned, there is no harm in making an apology to him first.
[链接写作]——一句多译
有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度， 这对他们的健康非常有害。
③Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful to their health．(定语从句；harmful)
④Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, and it does great harm to their health．(harm)
exist vi.存在；生存
(教材P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
它们也产卵，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
(1)exist in... 存在于……中
exist on... 靠……生活/生存
There exists... 某地有……
(2)existence n. 存在；生活
come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在
①We can’t exist without air, food or water.
没有空气、食物和水我们就不能生存。
②He finds it hard to exist on the money he’s earning.
他发现靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The parking place for bikes was an existing(exist) problem for a long time in our school.
②As is known to us, there exists(exist) a generation gap between the young and the old.
③Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the earth came into existence(exist)．
in one’s turn 轮到某人
(教材P26)Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.
于是，他们接着成了这个星球上最重要的动物。
(1)in turn 依次地；轮流地；转而；反过来
by turns 轮流；交替地
(2)take turns doing/to do sth.
轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth.
轮到某人做某事。
①When it was in my turn, I was too excited to speak.
当轮到我时，我激动得说不出话来。
②They, in their turn, accounted for the reason why the plan was a failure.
他们接着解释了这项计划失败的原因。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①They took turns to look (look) after their parents.
②I think it’s my turn to drive(drive) the kids to school this week.
③The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns.
④Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.
prevent...from... 阻止；制止
(教材P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。
(1)prevent/stop/keep...from doing sth.
阻止……做某事
(2)protect...from 保护……不受……侵袭；
挡住；防御
(3)keep...doing sth. 使……一直做某事
①His advice prevented/kept/stopped me from making a serious mistake.
他的忠告使我避免犯一个严重的错误。
②No one can prevent this plan from being carried out.
谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He wears sunglasses to protect his eyes from the sunlight.
②We should take effective measures to prevent the river from being polluted(pollute)．
③They were stopped from entering(enter) the burning building.
(1)在主动语态中keep...from...中的from不可省，prevent...from...和stop...from...中的from可省。
(2)在被动语态中，这几个短语中的from都不可省。
puzzle n．谜；难题；困惑 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难
(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.
地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决的最大疑惑之一。
(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑
be a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
(2)puzzle about/over 苦苦思考
(3)puzzled adj. 困惑的，迷惑不解的
puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的
①What puzzled me was how the accident could have happened.
令我感到困惑的是怎么会发生这样的事故。
②I’m in a puzzle as to how to get along with him.
对于如何和他相处使我感到困惑。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①You must have been troubled by when to say “I love you” because it is one of the greatest puzzles(puzzle) in our life.
②Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.
③These scientists have been puzzling about/over how to solve the environmental problem.
④The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling maths problem.(puzzle)
what引导主语从句
(教材P25)What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
它将变成什么还不确定。直到45亿－38亿年前，这团尘埃稳定下来变成了固态的球体。
(1)what引导主语从句，主干句是What it was to become was uncertain。
(2)此处“be＋不定式”结构表示将来注定会发生的事。
①What I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
我想告诉你的是我对父母深深的爱和尊敬。
②He was to become interested in economy as he was brought up in a businessman’s family.
他注定会对经济感兴趣，因为他在一个商人的家庭中长大。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①What made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match.
②He was to regret(regret) that decision for the rest of his life.
“make it＋(adj.＋)to do”结构
(教材P26)This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.
这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。
句型make it＋adj./n.＋for sb. to do，其中it作形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。
(1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do不定式
make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句
(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有think, consider, find, feel等。
①We have made it a habit to walk after supper.
我们每天晚饭后散步已成习惯。
②I must make it clear that I’ll always support you.
我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I find it hard to remember (remember) these words in a short time.
②He makes it a rule to get(get) up at six every day.
[链接写作]——完成句子
③你在从事志愿者工作方面有丰富的经验， 我认为你申请这份工作是个好主意。
You have much experience in voluntary work so that I find it a good idea for you to apply for_the position.
[学生用书P72]
品句填词
1．The computer system(系统) broke down and we need to have it repaired.
2．As is known to us all, there are different kinds of religions(宗教) in the world.
3．The atmosphere(氛围) of the picnic is very friendly. Children are having fun with each other.
4．Chemical pollution will pose a threat to agriculture, food chain(链) and human health.
5．Eating too much sugar is harmful(有害的) to your teeth.
6．What puzzles(使困惑) me is why the couple had a violent quarrel last night. I have the impression that they always get along well with each other.
7．Opportunities exist(存在) in our company for experienced engineers.
8．He is quite patient with his children, unlike(不像) his wife.
9．Fresh air is fundamental(基础的) to good health, so we should make every effort to improve air quality.
10．He has broken the world record, thus(因此) winning his first gold medal.
完成句子
1．我们一定要采取措施使这样的事不再发生。
We must take steps to prevent such things from happening again.
2．他在音乐方面很有天赋，注定会成为一名优秀的音乐家。
He has a great gift for music and is to become an excellent musician.
3．很多在线学校能让学生根据自己的节奏学习。
Many online schools allow students to study at their own pace.
4．此外，阅读使我们思想充实，使我们过上有意义的生活成为可能。
What’s more, reading enriches our minds and makes it possible for us to live a meaningful life.
5．这些船捕捞大量的鱼类，根本不让它们有产卵的时间。
These boats caught a lot of fish without giving them time to lay eggs．
6．只有努力学习，你才能在考试中取得优异的成绩。
Only by studying hard can you get excellent grades in your exams.
课文语法填空
It’s widely accepted that the universe began with a “Big Bang”. For several billion years after 1.the “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust, 2.which settled into a solid globe between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago. The earth became so 3.violent(violence) that it exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time 4.to produce(produce) carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases. They were to make the earth’s atmosphere. When the earth cooled down, water began to appear on the earth, which made it possible for life to develop.
Many millions of years later, the first 5.extremely(extreme) small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They produced oxygen, which encouraged the later 6.development(develop) of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. With green plants 7.appearing(appear) on land, insects, amphibians and reptiles appeared one 8.after another. After that, dinosaurs appeared. However, they suddenly disappeared 65 million years ago. 9.Their(they) disappearance made mammals rise on the earth.
Finally about 2.6 million years ago, humans appeared on the earth. They have caused the earth to become hot. 10.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether global warming can be solved.
[学生用书P127(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．The plant Professor Li is studying exists(exist) only in Australia.
2．The course is designed to help students to understand the structure of those two systems(system)．
3．Scientists developed several theories(theory) on what else might determine which hand you write with.
4．Because of the violent(violence) wind, many people couldn’t go to work.
5．The four-year-old Russian girl has drawn global(globe) attention for her great gift for languages.
6．Unlike(like) the tradition in the West, the family name in China is put first, which is followed by the given name.
7．The air is harmful(harm) to health, so you mustn’t enter the room.
8．Over the past ten years, Mr. Green has multiplied(multiply) his money many times.
9．We were puzzled(puzzle) about the sudden disappearance of our guide at that moment.
10．The government is spending billions(billion) of dollars on new rail projects.
阅读理解
A
If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius(天才), they will cause great damage to him. According to several leading educational experts, this is one of the biggest mistakes that some parents make. Generally, the child will understand very well what the parents expect, and will fall. Unrealistic(不现实的) expectations of the parents can cause great damage to children.
However, if parents are not unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are hopeful in a sensible(明智的) way, the child may succeed in doing very well—especially if the parents are very supportive to their children.
Michael Lis is very lucky. He is very fond of music and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and let him attend piano and violin lessons. Although Michael’s mother knows very little about music, his father is a good musician. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling.
Michael’s friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky. Although both his parents are successful musicians, they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win.“When I was your age I used to win every competition I enter.” Winston’s father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举了两个例子来说明父母的正确做法是什么，对孩子有什么好处，而错误做法会对孩子造成什么样的伤害。
1．The main idea of the passage is ________．
A．what differences there are between parents
B．what aim of a child can be easier to reach
C．what parents should make a child a musician
D．how parents should bring up their children
D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高，会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举例说明了父母的正确做法，故D项为本题答案。
2．Michael is lucky because ________．
A．his parents help him in a sensible way
B．his family is rich enough to have a car
C．his father is a successful musician
D．he is free to do anything he likes best
A 解析：推理判断题。从第二段的“but are hopeful in a．..supportive to their children”可知，这是好的父母的做法，而第三段接着举例说明了这个好的做法。因此A项为本题答案。
3．Winston’s parents set so high a standard for him that ________．
A．he has to do his best to do everything
B．he had made greater progress in music
C．he is afraid he may disappoint them
D．he often wants to kill himself someday
C 解析：推理判断题。从文章的最后一句“Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.”可知答案。
4．It is one of the parents’ worst mistakes if they ________．
A．want their child to be a musician
B．make their child try to achieve too much
C．don’t care their child’s education much
D．help their child to win music competitions
B 解析：细节理解题。从第一段的“If parents bring up a child...that some parents make.”可知答案。
B
The car can be a killer. In the US, 36, 675 people died in traffic accidents in 2014. The year before, 2.3 million people were injured in traffic accidents. And during the past ten years, electronic monitoring(监控) programs have been widely used in order to reduce the number of accidents. It is mainly aimed at drivers who run red lights.
In a study I co-authored with Paul J. Fisher, we examined all police-recorded traffic accidents in three large Texas cities over a 12-year period—hundreds of thousands of accidents. We found they didn’t reduce the total number of car accidents as well as the total number of people injured in accidents.
In a red light camera program, a camera is placed in a location where it can take photos or videos of cars as they pass through the intersections(十字路口). City employees then examine the photos. If a car is in the intersection when the light is red, the driver will be fined(罚款). Evidence clearly shows that camera programs really help reduce the number of cars running red lights. In one study in Virginia, red light cameras reduced the number of total drivers running red lights by 67 percent.
However, cameras can have negative effects on traffic safety. Some drivers who intend to continue to cross the intersection when the light is yellow or red will now try to stop. That means that the number of accidents caused by cars not stopping at a red light will likely decrease. But the number of accidents from stopping at a red light is likely to ascend. In order to avoid being fined, some drivers will try to stop, causing a higher risk of other accidents.
The increased number of traffic accidents at intersections in cities is a serious problem. But our study shows that the camera program in Texas was helpless in improving traffic safety. Therefore, electronic monitoring is not the real solution.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者主要是通过自己的研究说明在十字路口装摄像头并不能有效阻止交通事故的发生，因此需要更好的方式来改善交通安全。
5．The author did the study most probably to know whether ________．
A．red light cameras really worked as expected
B．traffic accidents mainly happened at intersections
C．red light cameras helped drivers obey the traffic rules
D．traffic accidents were mainly caused by running red lights
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的We found they didn’t reduce the total number of car accidents as well as the total number of people injured in accidents.可知，这个是调查的结果，其中they指的是摄像头，因此可推测作者做这个调查是为了知道装更多的摄像头是否真的像所预期的(对于减少交通事故)那样管用。
6．What does the underlined word “ascend” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Fall. B．Rise.
C．Change. D．Differ.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据转折词But可知，此句与前一句构成转折关系，再根据本段第一句However, cameras can have negative effects on traffic safety.可推测，该词意为“上升”。
7．What can we infer from the author’s study?
A．Red lights may have negative effects on traffic safety.
B．Better ways should be found to improve traffic safety.
C．More red light cameras should be used at intersections.
D．Traffic accidents at intersections are difficult to avoid.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的But our study shows that the camera program in Texas was helpless in improving traffic safety. Therefore, electronic monitoring is not the real solution.可知，作者通过研究发现，安装摄像头并不是有效改善交通安全的措施，所以可推测，为了改善交通安全，还需要找到更好的办法。
8．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Red light cameras don’t really make streets safer.
B．Electronic monitoring is widely used at intersections.
C．The number of traffic accidents remains high in the US.
D．Accidents caused by running red lights shouldn’t be ignored.
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要是通过自己的研究表明，装更多的摄像头并不能有效减少交通事故。
完形填空
Stephen, a 14-year-old boy, was walking alone on the streets. It was almost 10 pm.
This evening, Stephen’s mom asked him about his low grades in the recent __1__. Stephen had a careless attitude and did not __2__ in a nice way. She scolded(责备) him, but Stephen quarrelled with her without __3__ he was also at fault. The __4__ ended so bad that Stephen left their __5__ in a storm with his eyes filled with tears(眼泪)．
He walked for more than two hours, exhausted and hungry. Suddenly, he was __6__ by a sweet smell from a small noodle shop.
He realised there was not even a coin in his pocket. With a(n) __7__ face, he decided to leave. The shop owner saw him and __8__ him to have some food.
Stephen explained he had no __9__， but the shop owner smiled and said he wouldn’t ask him for any.
He __10__ a hot bowl of delicious noodles for Stephen. Stephen __11__ him from his heart and promised him that he would return his __12__.
Stephen was in tears when he ate the noodles.
The shop owner asked Stephen what had happened. Stephen told him about the quarrel with his mother.
The shop owner asked Stephen，“Do you __13__ you owe(欠) me something？”
Stephen said，“Yes. Of course! This is a great __14__. I was very hungry as I ate __15__ from the noon！”
The shop owner smiled，“Good my dear! Now think about your mom. She cooked for you. She played with you. She __16__ you with all her heart. She was always there for you when you __17__ her. Even now, she has fought with you for your own good.Don’t you feel you owe a lot to her？”
Stephen realised his __18__. He thanked the shop owner and rushed to his home. He saw his mother __19__ him on their street with tears in her eyes.He hugged her and begged her __20__．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了一个男孩和母亲争吵后离家出走，后来，他在一位面馆老板的帮助下认识到自己的错误，最后回家与母亲和好的故事。
1．A.exam B．course
C．judgement D．competition
A 解析：根据上文的his low grades可知，Stephen的妈妈询问他近期“考试(exam)”分数低的事。
2．A.greet B．reply
C．show D．start
B 解析：根据上文的a careless attitude可知，Stephen并没有好好“回答(reply)”妈妈的询问。
3．A.insisting B．explaining
C．remembering D．realising
D 解析：根据文中的Stephen quarrelled with her及he was also at fault可知，Stephen并没有“认识到(realising)”自己也有错。
4．A.fight B．discussion
C．dinner D．meeting
A 解析：根据文中对Stephen与妈妈争吵的描述可知，这场“争吵(fight)”很激烈。
5．A.city B．house
C．school D．community
B 解析：根据第一段中的Stephen, a 14-year-old boy, was walking alone on the streets.可知，Stephen和妈妈争吵后离“家(house)”出走了。
6．A.affected B．surprised
C．attracted D．amused
C 解析：根据本段中的He walked for more than two hours, exhausted and hungry.及by a sweet smell from a small noodle shop可知，Stephen走得累了，饿了，突然被一阵从面馆飘出的香味所“吸引(attracted)”。
7．A.sad B．ugly
C．strange D．serious
A 解析：根据文中的He realised there was not even a coin in his pocket.及the shop owner smiled and said he wouldn’t ask him for any可知，Stephen很“难过(sad)”，准备离开。面馆老板看见了他，叫“(asked)”他进店吃点东西。Stephen就解释他没有“钱(money)”，但是面馆老板却笑着说他不要钱。
8．A.preferred B．paid
C．ordered D．asked
D 解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.right B．time
C．idea D．money
D
10．A.bought B．found
C．prepared D．collected
C 解析：根据对面馆老板邀请Stephen吃面的描述可知，面馆老板为Stephen“准备(prepared)”了一碗热气腾腾的美味面条。Stephen很“感谢(thanked)”他，而且承诺会回报他的“善行(kindness)”。
11．A.praised B．thanked
C．accepted D．congratulated
B 解析：参见上题解析。
12．A.enthusiasm B．friendship
C．patience D．kindness
D
13．A.mean B．feel
C．believe D．worry
B 解析：根据对面馆老板邀请Stephen吃面的描述及文中的promised him that he would return可知，面馆老板问Stephen是否“觉得(feel)”自己对他有所亏欠。
14．A.fun B．deal
C．help D．problem
C 解析：根据本段中的Yes. Of course.可知，Stephen觉得面馆老板“帮(help)”了自己一个大忙。他很饿，因为他从中午开始就“什么都没(nothing)”吃。
15．A.nothing B．everything
C．something D．anything
A 解析：参见上题解析。
16．A.took hold of B．kept up with
C．took care of D．looked forward to
C 解析：根据本段中的She cooked for you. She played with you.可知，Stephen的妈妈全心全意地“照顾(took care of)”他。而且在Stephen“需要(needed)”她的时候，她永远都在。
17．A.caught B．visited
C．needed D．forgot
C 解析：参见上题解析。
18．A.mistake B．dream
C．change D．importance
A 解析：根据上一段面馆老板对Stephen的劝说可知，Stephen终于认识到了自己的“错误(mistake)”。
19．A.running after B．watching over
C．seeing off D．searching for
D 解析：根据下文的on their street with tears in her eyes可知，Stephen看到他的妈妈正眼含泪水，在街上“寻找(searching for)”他。
20．A.support B．forgiveness
C．trust D．permission
B 解析：根据上文的begged可知，Stephen拥抱了妈妈，并乞求她的“原谅(forgiveness)”。
课件44张PPT。Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsUnit 1 Friendship按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
[学生用书P72]
品句填词
1．The computer system(系统) broke down and we need to have it repaired.
2．As is known to us all, there are different kinds of religions(宗教) in the world.
3．The atmosphere(氛围) of the picnic is very friendly. Children are having fun with each other.
4．Chemical pollution will pose a threat to agriculture, food chain(链) and human health.
5．Eating too much sugar is harmful(有害的) to your teeth.
6．What puzzles(使困惑) me is why the couple had a violent quarrel last night. I have the impression that they always get along well with each other.
7．Opportunities exist(存在) in our company for experienced engineers.
8．He is quite patient with his children, unlike(不像) his wife.
9．Fresh air is fundamental(基础的) to good health, so we should make every effort to improve air quality.
10．He has broken the world record, thus(因此) winning his first gold medal.
完成句子
1．我们一定要采取措施使这样的事不再发生。
We must take steps to prevent such things from happening again.
2．他在音乐方面很有天赋，注定会成为一名优秀的音乐家。
He has a great gift for music and is to become an excellent musician.
3．很多在线学校能让学生根据自己的节奏学习。
Many online schools allow students to study at their own pace.
4．此外，阅读使我们思想充实，使我们过上有意义的生活成为可能。
What’s more, reading enriches our minds and makes it possible for us to live a meaningful life.
5．这些船捕捞大量的鱼类，根本不让它们有产卵的时间。
These boats caught a lot of fish without giving them time to lay eggs．
6．只有努力学习，你才能在考试中取得优异的成绩。
Only by studying hard can you get excellent grades in your exams.
课文语法填空
It’s widely accepted that the universe began with a “Big Bang”. For several billion years after 1.the “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust, 2.which settled into a solid globe between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago. The earth became so 3.violent(violence) that it exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time 4.to produce(produce) carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases. They were to make the earth’s atmosphere. When the earth cooled down, water began to appear on the earth, which made it possible for life to develop.
Many millions of years later, the first 5.extremely(extreme) small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They produced oxygen, which encouraged the later 6.development(develop) of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. With green plants 7.appearing(appear) on land, insects, amphibians and reptiles appeared one 8.after another. After that, dinosaurs appeared. However, they suddenly disappeared 65 million years ago. 9.Their(they) disappearance made mammals rise on the earth.
Finally about 2.6 million years ago, humans appeared on the earth. They have caused the earth to become hot. 10.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether global warming can be solved.
[学生用书P127(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．The plant Professor Li is studying exists(exist) only in Australia.
2．The course is designed to help students to understand the structure of those two systems(system)．
3．Scientists developed several theories(theory) on what else might determine which hand you write with.
4．Because of the violent(violence) wind, many people couldn’t go to work.
5．The four-year-old Russian girl has drawn global(globe) attention for her great gift for languages.
6．Unlike(like) the tradition in the West, the family name in China is put first, which is followed by the given name.
7．The air is harmful(harm) to health, so you mustn’t enter the room.
8．Over the past ten years, Mr. Green has multiplied(multiply) his money many times.
9．We were puzzled(puzzle) about the sudden disappearance of our guide at that moment.
10．The government is spending billions(billion) of dollars on new rail projects.
阅读理解
A
If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius(天才), they will cause great damage to him. According to several leading educational experts, this is one of the biggest mistakes that some parents make. Generally, the child will understand very well what the parents expect, and will fall. Unrealistic(不现实的) expectations of the parents can cause great damage to children.
However, if parents are not unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are hopeful in a sensible(明智的) way, the child may succeed in doing very well—especially if the parents are very supportive to their children.
Michael Lis is very lucky. He is very fond of music and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and let him attend piano and violin lessons. Although Michael’s mother knows very little about music, his father is a good musician. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling.
Michael’s friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky. Although both his parents are successful musicians, they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win.“When I was your age I used to win every competition I enter.” Winston’s father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举了两个例子来说明父母的正确做法是什么，对孩子有什么好处，而错误做法会对孩子造成什么样的伤害。
1．The main idea of the passage is ________．
A．what differences there are between parents
B．what aim of a child can be easier to reach
C．what parents should make a child a musician
D．how parents should bring up their children
D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高，会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举例说明了父母的正确做法，故D项为本题答案。
2．Michael is lucky because ________．
A．his parents help him in a sensible way
B．his family is rich enough to have a car
C．his father is a successful musician
D．he is free to do anything he likes best
A 解析：推理判断题。从第二段的“but are hopeful in a．..supportive to their children”可知，这是好的父母的做法，而第三段接着举例说明了这个好的做法。因此A项为本题答案。
3．Winston’s parents set so high a standard for him that ________．
A．he has to do his best to do everything
B．he had made greater progress in music
C．he is afraid he may disappoint them
D．he often wants to kill himself someday
C 解析：推理判断题。从文章的最后一句“Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.”可知答案。
4．It is one of the parents’ worst mistakes if they ________．
A．want their child to be a musician
B．make their child try to achieve too much
C．don’t care their child’s education much
D．help their child to win music competitions
B 解析：细节理解题。从第一段的“If parents bring up a child...that some parents make.”可知答案。
B
The car can be a killer. In the US, 36, 675 people died in traffic accidents in 2014. The year before, 2.3 million people were injured in traffic accidents. And during the past ten years, electronic monitoring(监控) programs have been widely used in order to reduce the number of accidents. It is mainly aimed at drivers who run red lights.
In a study I co-authored with Paul J. Fisher, we examined all police-recorded traffic accidents in three large Texas cities over a 12-year period—hundreds of thousands of accidents. We found they didn’t reduce the total number of car accidents as well as the total number of people injured in accidents.
In a red light camera program, a camera is placed in a location where it can take photos or videos of cars as they pass through the intersections(十字路口). City employees then examine the photos. If a car is in the intersection when the light is red, the driver will be fined(罚款). Evidence clearly shows that camera programs really help reduce the number of cars running red lights. In one study in Virginia, red light cameras reduced the number of total drivers running red lights by 67 percent.
However, cameras can have negative effects on traffic safety. Some drivers who intend to continue to cross the intersection when the light is yellow or red will now try to stop. That means that the number of accidents caused by cars not stopping at a red light will likely decrease. But the number of accidents from stopping at a red light is likely to ascend. In order to avoid being fined, some drivers will try to stop, causing a higher risk of other accidents.
The increased number of traffic accidents at intersections in cities is a serious problem. But our study shows that the camera program in Texas was helpless in improving traffic safety. Therefore, electronic monitoring is not the real solution.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者主要是通过自己的研究说明在十字路口装摄像头并不能有效阻止交通事故的发生，因此需要更好的方式来改善交通安全。
5．The author did the study most probably to know whether ________．
A．red light cameras really worked as expected
B．traffic accidents mainly happened at intersections
C．red light cameras helped drivers obey the traffic rules
D．traffic accidents were mainly caused by running red lights
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的We found they didn’t reduce the total number of car accidents as well as the total number of people injured in accidents.可知，这个是调查的结果，其中they指的是摄像头，因此可推测作者做这个调查是为了知道装更多的摄像头是否真的像所预期的(对于减少交通事故)那样管用。
6．What does the underlined word “ascend” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Fall. B．Rise.
C．Change. D．Differ.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据转折词But可知，此句与前一句构成转折关系，再根据本段第一句However, cameras can have negative effects on traffic safety.可推测，该词意为“上升”。
7．What can we infer from the author’s study?
A．Red lights may have negative effects on traffic safety.
B．Better ways should be found to improve traffic safety.
C．More red light cameras should be used at intersections.
D．Traffic accidents at intersections are difficult to avoid.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的But our study shows that the camera program in Texas was helpless in improving traffic safety. Therefore, electronic monitoring is not the real solution.可知，作者通过研究发现，安装摄像头并不是有效改善交通安全的措施，所以可推测，为了改善交通安全，还需要找到更好的办法。
8．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Red light cameras don’t really make streets safer.
B．Electronic monitoring is widely used at intersections.
C．The number of traffic accidents remains high in the US.
D．Accidents caused by running red lights shouldn’t be ignored.
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要是通过自己的研究表明，装更多的摄像头并不能有效减少交通事故。
完形填空
Stephen, a 14-year-old boy, was walking alone on the streets. It was almost 10 pm.
This evening, Stephen’s mom asked him about his low grades in the recent __1__. Stephen had a careless attitude and did not __2__ in a nice way. She scolded(责备) him, but Stephen quarrelled with her without __3__ he was also at fault. The __4__ ended so bad that Stephen left their __5__ in a storm with his eyes filled with tears(眼泪)．
He walked for more than two hours, exhausted and hungry. Suddenly, he was __6__ by a sweet smell from a small noodle shop.
He realised there was not even a coin in his pocket. With a(n) __7__ face, he decided to leave. The shop owner saw him and __8__ him to have some food.
Stephen explained he had no __9__， but the shop owner smiled and said he wouldn’t ask him for any.
He __10__ a hot bowl of delicious noodles for Stephen. Stephen __11__ him from his heart and promised him that he would return his __12__.
Stephen was in tears when he ate the noodles.
The shop owner asked Stephen what had happened. Stephen told him about the quarrel with his mother.
The shop owner asked Stephen，“Do you __13__ you owe(欠) me something？”
Stephen said，“Yes. Of course! This is a great __14__. I was very hungry as I ate __15__ from the noon！”
The shop owner smiled，“Good my dear! Now think about your mom. She cooked for you. She played with you. She __16__ you with all her heart. She was always there for you when you __17__ her. Even now, she has fought with you for your own good.Don’t you feel you owe a lot to her？”
Stephen realised his __18__. He thanked the shop owner and rushed to his home. He saw his mother __19__ him on their street with tears in her eyes.He hugged her and begged her __20__．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了一个男孩和母亲争吵后离家出走，后来，他在一位面馆老板的帮助下认识到自己的错误，最后回家与母亲和好的故事。
1．A.exam B．course
C．judgement D．competition
A 解析：根据上文的his low grades可知，Stephen的妈妈询问他近期“考试(exam)”分数低的事。
2．A.greet B．reply
C．show D．start
B 解析：根据上文的a careless attitude可知，Stephen并没有好好“回答(reply)”妈妈的询问。
3．A.insisting B．explaining
C．remembering D．realising
D 解析：根据文中的Stephen quarrelled with her及he was also at fault可知，Stephen并没有“认识到(realising)”自己也有错。
4．A.fight B．discussion
C．dinner D．meeting
A 解析：根据文中对Stephen与妈妈争吵的描述可知，这场“争吵(fight)”很激烈。
5．A.city B．house
C．school D．community
B 解析：根据第一段中的Stephen, a 14-year-old boy, was walking alone on the streets.可知，Stephen和妈妈争吵后离“家(house)”出走了。
6．A.affected B．surprised
C．attracted D．amused
C 解析：根据本段中的He walked for more than two hours, exhausted and hungry.及by a sweet smell from a small noodle shop可知，Stephen走得累了，饿了，突然被一阵从面馆飘出的香味所“吸引(attracted)”。
7．A.sad B．ugly
C．strange D．serious
A 解析：根据文中的He realised there was not even a coin in his pocket.及the shop owner smiled and said he wouldn’t ask him for any可知，Stephen很“难过(sad)”，准备离开。面馆老板看见了他，叫“(asked)”他进店吃点东西。Stephen就解释他没有“钱(money)”，但是面馆老板却笑着说他不要钱。
8．A.preferred B．paid
C．ordered D．asked
D 解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.right B．time
C．idea D．money
D
10．A.bought B．found
C．prepared D．collected
C 解析：根据对面馆老板邀请Stephen吃面的描述可知，面馆老板为Stephen“准备(prepared)”了一碗热气腾腾的美味面条。Stephen很“感谢(thanked)”他，而且承诺会回报他的“善行(kindness)”。
11．A.praised B．thanked
C．accepted D．congratulated
B 解析：参见上题解析。
12．A.enthusiasm B．friendship
C．patience D．kindness
D
13．A.mean B．feel
C．believe D．worry
B 解析：根据对面馆老板邀请Stephen吃面的描述及文中的promised him that he would return可知，面馆老板问Stephen是否“觉得(feel)”自己对他有所亏欠。
14．A.fun B．deal
C．help D．problem
C 解析：根据本段中的Yes. Of course.可知，Stephen觉得面馆老板“帮(help)”了自己一个大忙。他很饿，因为他从中午开始就“什么都没(nothing)”吃。
15．A.nothing B．everything
C．something D．anything
A 解析：参见上题解析。
16．A.took hold of B．kept up with
C．took care of D．looked forward to
C 解析：根据本段中的She cooked for you. She played with you.可知，Stephen的妈妈全心全意地“照顾(took care of)”他。而且在Stephen“需要(needed)”她的时候，她永远都在。
17．A.caught B．visited
C．needed D．forgot
C 解析：参见上题解析。
18．A.mistake B．dream
C．change D．importance
A 解析：根据上一段面馆老板对Stephen的劝说可知，Stephen终于认识到了自己的“错误(mistake)”。
19．A.running after B．watching over
C．seeing off D．searching for
D 解析：根据下文的on their street with tears in her eyes可知，Stephen看到他的妈妈正眼含泪水，在街上“寻找(searching for)”他。
20．A.support B．forgiveness
C．trust D．permission
B 解析：根据上文的begged可知，Stephen拥抱了妈妈，并乞求她的“原谅(forgiveness)”。
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.climate n. 气候
2.float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮
n. 漂浮物
3.crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落
4.gravity n. 万有引力；重力
5.pull n．& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力
拓展词汇
6.gentle adj.温和的；文雅的→gently adv.温和地
7.biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家
8.exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽→exhausted adj.精疲力尽的
阅读词汇
9.lessen vi.& vt. 减少；减轻
10.weightlessly adv. 失重地
11.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船
12.extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的
13.cabin n. 小屋；船舱
重点短语
1.block out 挡住(光线)
2.get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解
3.watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防
4.depend on 依靠
5.cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋
6.now that 既然
7.break out 突发；爆发
8.as a result of 由于……的原因
重点句型
1.as ＋adj.＋ a/an ＋n.＋ as...：When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as(像……那样大的拉力) the earth’s.
2.twice as...as...: But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as(是……的两倍远) on the earth and fell over.
3.now that 引导原因状语从句：“Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that(既然) gravity has changed.”
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer.
1．The passage mainly talks about ________．
A．what the moon is
B．my visit to the moon
C．the differences between the earth and the moon
D．Li Yanping, my friend, who is an astronomer
2．Why can’t the spaceship fall back to the earth?
A．Because the moon’s gravity pulls it up.
B．Because it is too far away from the earth.
C．Because the earth has no gravity.
D．Because the spaceship is not very heavy.
3．When I was on the moon I felt I was ________ than I am on the earth.
A．slower B．heavier
C．cleverer D．lighter
4．If a baby is growing on the moon, when he grows up, he will grow ________ than he is on the earth.
A．taller B．shorter
C．fatter D．thinner
答案：1－4.BBDA
①名词visit 后面习惯上与介词to搭配，意为“到……的旅行”。
②have a chance to do sth.有机会做某事
③make a trip(＝take a trip/go on a trip )去旅行
④spaceship/'spe?s??p/n.宇宙飞船
⑤explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事
⑥be off 离开，起飞。在本句中相当于 take off。
⑦pull[p?l]n.& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力
⑧gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地，渐进地
⑨lessen['lesn]vi.& vt.减少；减轻
cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋
?float[fl??t]vi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮；(使)飘动
n. 漂浮物
?weightlessly['weItlIslI]adv.失重地
?cabin['k?bIn]n.小屋；船舱
?step vi.迈步，踩踏，行走
step forward 向前迈一步
?fall over 跌倒
?now that 既然(引导原因状语从句)
?get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解
?break out 突发；爆发
?exhausting adj.令人筋疲力尽的(指事物)
exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的(指人)
exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使筋疲力尽
【核心素养链接】
1961年4月12日莫斯科时间上午9时07分，苏联航天员加加林乘坐东方1号宇宙飞船，在最大高度为301公里的轨道上绕地球一周，完成了世界上首次载人宇宙飞行任务，实现了人类进入太空的愿望。
美国东部时间1969年7月20日下午4时17分，美国宇航员阿姆斯特朗将左脚小心翼翼地踏上了月球表面。这是人类第一次踏上月球。
2003年10月15日北京时间9时整，中国航天员杨利伟乘坐由新型长征二号F捆绑式火箭运载的神舟五号飞船首次进入太空，并于2003年10月16日6时23分返回。杨利伟是中国第一位飞天航天员。继杨利伟之后，费俊龙、聂海胜、翟志刚、刘伯明、景海鹏、刘旺、刘洋(女)、张晓光、王亚平(女)、陈冬均已搭乘神舟飞船飞入太空。
A VISIT① TO THE MOON
Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to② make a trip③ into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship④ !
Before we left，Li Yanping explained to me⑤ that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off⑥. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull⑦ of the earth’s gravity.It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other. Gradually⑧ the weight lessened⑨ and I was able to talk to him.“Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked.“We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull，” he explained，“so we feel as if there is no gravity at all. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s ．” I cheered up⑩ immediately and floated?weightlessly?around in our spaceship cabin?watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger．
◆此处两个由that引导的宾语从句作explained的宾语，其中第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略。
◆该句并非强调句，而是包含“so...that...”结构的句子，“so...that...”引导结果状语从句。
◆此处包含了“too...to...”结构，表示“太……而不能……”。
◆此处feel its gravity pulling us 属于“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补由现在分词充当，表示主动和动作正在进行。as stong a pull as the earth’s 为“as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as”结构。
◆watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger为现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中包含“watch＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately.“Come on，” I said.“If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less！”I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step? forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over?.“Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that? gravity has changed．” After a while I got the hang of? it and we began to enjoy ourselves.
◆twice as far as意为“……的两倍远”，为“倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”结构。
◆此处walking作主语，does为助动词，用来加强语气，now that引导原因状语从句。
Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth’s. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out? on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land.“That was very exhausting? but very exciting too，”I said.“Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time？”“Of course，” he smiled，“which star would you like to go to？”
◆v.-ing短语“Leaving the moon’s gravity”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
◆本句中两个as引导的从句均为时间状语从句；形容词amazed作状语，表示主语“We”当时的感受。
月球之旅
我的朋友李彦平是一位宇航员，上个月我非常有幸得到同他一起去太空旅行的机会。我们乘宇宙飞船参观了月球！
起航前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的旅途中重力的影响会改变三次，第一次的改变将是最强烈的。随后我们就起航了。随着火箭升入空中，我们被推回到座位上，因为我们正在努力摆脱地球的引力。这种引力如此大以至于我们不能跟彼此说话。渐渐地这种力量慢慢减小，我能同他说话了。我问道：“为什么宇宙飞船不会落回到地球上呢？在地球上，如果我从树上掉下去，我会落到地上的。”李彦平解释说：“现在我们离地球太远了，感觉不到地球的拉力，所以我们感觉好像完全没有引力似的。当我们更接近月球时，我们就会感觉到月球的引力在拉我们，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那样强。”我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。
当我们到达月球时，我想立刻去探索。“快点儿，”我说，“要是你是正确的，我的体重就会比在地球上轻，因为月球比地球小，并且我能更加自由地活动了。如果我在月球上待的时间足够长的话，我甚至可能长得更高，我肯定也会变得更轻！”我笑着从宇宙飞船的台阶上爬下来。但是当我努力向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”过了一会儿，我掌握了走路的要领，接着我们开了始愉快地玩耍。
摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球的引力那样痛苦。但是返回到地球(的经历)是非常吓人的。我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层摩擦起火。当我们回到地面时，我们再次被重重地推到座位上。我说道：“真是累人啊，但也很激动人心。关于引力，我现在就懂得更多了！你认为下次我们可以参观一些恒星吗？”“当然可以，”他笑着说，“你想到哪颗恒星上去呢？”
crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落；破产
n．相撞(事故)；(飞机的)坠落；坠落声；撞击声
(教材P29)Other scientists believe that a comet crashed into the earth long ago and caused the disappearance.
其他的科学家们认为很久以前一颗彗星撞到地球上，这导致了(恐龙的)消失。
(1)crash in/onto... 撞到……里/上
(2)a plane/car crash 飞机失事/汽车撞车事故
①A lot of passengers were killed in the train crash.
许多旅客在火车相撞事故中丧生了。
②There was a terrible plane crash, and the plane crashed into the ground.
发生了一起严重的飞机坠毁事件，飞机坠落到了地面上。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①As far as I know, he crashed(crash) his car into a wall last night.
[链接写作]——完成句子
②他是飞机坠毁中的唯一生还者。
He was the only one to survive the plane crash.
pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力
(教材P30)As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.
随着火箭升入太空，我们被推回到座位上，因为我们在努力挣脱地球的引力。
pull off 脱(衣、帽等)
pull through 康复；完成；使渡过难关
pull in (火车)进站；(船)靠岸；驶向路边停靠
pull up 停车；停住
pull down 拆毁
①I didn’t notice the train had already pulled in.
我没有注意到火车已经进站了。
②The driver pulled up at the gate of our school.
司机把车停在我们校门口了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The old house is dangerous and will have to be pulled down．
②Donald pulled up at the red light and we stopped behind him.
③Luckily, the doctor said that my father was going to pull through．
对比记忆 push/pull
cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴；使振奋；振作
(教材P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。
(1)cheer sb.on (赛跑比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；
为某人加油
(2)cheerful adj. 快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的
①When I feel upset, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.
当我忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。
②We did our best to cheer him on when he was about to give up.
当他将要放弃时我们尽全力鼓励他。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Friends will cheer you on when you are in trouble.
②She is so cheerful(cheer) that everyone likes her.
[链接写作]——完成句子
③我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！
I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely!
break out (战争、火灾、疾病、争吵等)突然发生；爆发
(教材P31)We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层摩擦起火。
break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break up 解散；打碎；驱散
①The Second World War broke out in September，1939.
第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。
②A quarrel broke out between them when he told lies to her. 当他向她撒了谎时，两人吵了起来。
[即学即练]——用break的相关短语填空
①Her friends came to help her when the war broke out．
②He broke into the room and stole many famous paintings.
③The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防，留意
(经典例句)Watch out for the haze; it may do great harm to us.
当心这种雾霾天气，它可能对我们造成很大的损害。
(1)watch out 当心；小心
watch over 照看；看守
keep a watch on 注意；关注
(2)look out＝take care＝be careful
注意，当心
①I watch out for them.
我会小心照看它们。
②The police are keeping a watch on his movement.
警方正密切注视着他的动向。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I think you should watch out for that man—don’t be cheated by him.
②It was my duty to watch over the children.
(教材P31)But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
但是当我努力向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
twice as far as...表示“是……的两倍远”，是倍数表达法句型之一。英语里常见的倍数表达法有三种：
(1)A is＋倍数/分数/百分数＋as＋adj./adv.(原级) as B
(2)A is＋倍数/分数/百分数＋adj./adv.(比较级) than B
(3)A is＋倍数/分数/百分数＋the＋n.(size/weight/length/width等) of B
①The new road is four times as wide as the old one.
这条新公路是旧公路的四倍宽。
②The river is three times longer than the one in our city.
＝The river is four times the length of the one in our city.
这条河是我们城市那条河的四倍长。
[链接写作]——一句多译
正在修建的教学楼是那个教学楼的三倍高。
①The teaching building being built now is three times as high as that one.
②The teaching building being built now is_twice higher than that one.
③The teaching building being built now is three times the height of that one.
now that引导原因状语从句
(教材P31)“Oh dear，”I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”
“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
now that“既然；由于”，是一个连词词组，引导原因状语从句，在口语中常省略that。
①Now that I have nothing to do, I can enjoy music for a little while.
既然我无事可做，我可以享受一会儿音乐了。
②Now you have grown up, you can make up your mind by yourself.
既然你已经长大了，你可以自己做决定了。
[链接写作]——完成句子
既然你的工作已经完成了，你最好休息一会儿。
Now that you have finished your work,you’d better have a rest.
[学生用书P76]
品句填词
1．There are lots of colorful plastic bags floating(漂浮) on the lake, which pollute the water.
2．“Don’t lose heart, Tony. Everything will be all right soon，” said Mother gently(温和地)．
3．Many countries are working together to deal with the problem of climate(气候) change.
4．As hours went by, the bear cub’s mother didn’t appear, so the fishermen called a wildlife biologist(生物学家)．
5．Stephen Hawking was one of the greatest physicists(物理学家) in the world.
6．After about an hour of being beyond the pull of the earth’s gravity(压力), Glenn reported that he felt very well.
7．A plane crashed(碰撞) onto a mountain and killed more than 70 people.
8．China is the fifth country in the world to develop and launch(发射) man-made satellites(卫星) independently.
9．Robert pulled(拉，拖) the box out and found the letter was still hidden in it.
10．Some experts think reading is the fundamental(基本的) skill upon which school education depends.
选词填空
in time; give birth to; block out; according to; as a result of; break out; watch out for; now that
1．Now that you have known the truth, I needn’t tell it to you.
2．Luckily, when the fire broke out,no one was in the kitchen.
3．You must watch out for ice on the road in the winter.
4．The design of the house is not good, because that wall blocks out the sunlight.
5．As a result of the damage to the forests, parts of the country are now short of water.
6．A child ran across the road in front of my car, but luckily, I stopped my car just in time．
7．Students will be placed into different classes according to their present language skills.
8．The Greens have a boy and Mrs. Green gave birth to a girl baby last weekend.
完成句子
1．他的新家是你家的两倍大。
His new house is twice as big as yours．
2．他太累了，不想吃晚饭，所以他直接去睡觉了。
He was too tired to have supper,so he went to bed directly.
3．他感觉有人在盯着他，这让他很紧张。
He felt someone staring at him,which made him nervous.
4．既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日对你而言将是个有价值的经历。
Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture,I thought this festival would be a worthwhile experience for you.
5．这里的生活并不像看起来那么平静。
Life here is not as peaceful as it looks.
课文语法填空
Last month, Li Yanping and the author visited the moon 1.by spaceship. During their journey to the moon, the force of gravity changed three times, the first one of 2.which was the most powerful.
As the rocket rose into the air, the pull of the earth’s gravity was so hard that they 3.were pushed(push) back into their seats and couldn’t say anything to each other. 4.Gradually(gradual) the weight lessened and they were too far from the earth 5.to feel(feel) its pull. That was why the spaceship didn’t fall back to the earth.
When they got closer to the moon, they felt its gravity pulling them, 6.but it wasn’t as strong as the earth’s. When they landed on the moon, their weight was 7.lighter(light) than that on the earth and the author was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. However, they began to enjoy 8.themselves(they) on the moon after a while.
Returning to the earth was very frightening. They were amazed as fire broke out 9.on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. They hoped they would visit some 10.stars(star) next time.
[学生用书P129(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
2．Do remember to watch out for cars while crossing the street.
3．What makes me puzzled(puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.
4．We live in a global (globe) village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.
5．The biologist(biology) thinks that some plants in this area are in danger of extinction.
6．Most children need encouragement in the face of failure so that they can cheer up again.
7．We decided to cut down the tree in front of the window because it blocked out the sunlight.
8．It rained heavily in the south, causing(cause) serious floods in several provinces.
9．Hearing the exciting news, he was too excited to say(say) a word.
10．The boy often breaks in while his parents are speaking.
阅读理解
A
An increasing number of hares(野兔) have been causing such chaos(混乱) at Milan’s city airport that officials have decided to take immediate measures to try and catch them. Linate airport will close for three hours on Sunday while 200 wildlife experts go out on the runways to catch about 80 hares.
“Hares have been active on the runways for months, confusing the ground radar(雷达), and endangering planes landing and taking off，” say officials. “In the last two weeks hares have ended up below the wheels of two planes，” said Alberto Grancini, the Milan province official in charge of hunting and wildlife. “They could have caused serious accidents.”
The Milan airport’s officials said that the hare population at Linate had greatly increased this year leading to several attempts to drive them away from the airport. Unfortunately, the hares have refused to leave, so the decision has been made to close the airport altogether to try to catch them.
The operation begins on Saturday, when an area of 4 square kilometres will be closed off including the runways and aircraft parking areas. The hare hunters will move in at the beginning of the day on Sunday, catching hares until 8：00 a．m. when Linate will reopen. Twelve flights will have to be rescheduled for later in the day. The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves(保护区) in the Milan area and will be set free, in the hope that they do not find their way back to the airport.
Linate, which is only 7 km from the centre of Milan, was built in the 1930s, and served as the city’s main airport until the modernization of Malpensa, 50km up the road. Linate is mainly used by low-cost airlines such as easyJet, as well as by national carriers such as Alitalia and British Airways.
【解题导语】 本文是一则新闻报道。米兰利纳特机场饱受野兔骚扰之苦，不得不暂时关闭机场，将这些野兔逮住之后请出机场。
1．What do Alberto Grancini’s words mean?
A．Hare hunting should be encouraged.
B．Hares are a real threat to airplanes.
C．Protecting hares is a worrying problem.
D．Hares pay a high price for living at the airport.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的 They could have caused serious accidents.可知，野兔给机场带来了很大的安全隐患。
2．What can we learn about the airport’s earlier attempts to drive the hares away?
A．Brave. B．Creative.
C．Dangerous. D．Fruitless.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 Unfortunately, the hares have refused to leave 可知，先前驱赶野兔离开机场的做法没有效果。
3．How will the hares be dealt with?
A．They will be in the charge of wildlife experts.
B．They will have to find their own way home.
C．They will be brought to a protected area.
D．They will be forced out of Milan.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves(保护区)可知，被逮住的野兔会被带至保护区。
4．According to the last paragraph, Linate airport ________.
A．is 7km away from Malpensa
B．is less popular than before
C．is a century-old airport
D．is a disused airport
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 served as the city’s main airport until the modernization of Malpensa, 50 km up the road 可知，该机场曾是米兰市的主要机场，后来其重要地位被马尔本萨机场取代。
B
There is good news for ladies：The two happiest years of your life might have gone by, but things will not be always bad from now on. Women are most likely to reach the highest point of happiness at 85 years old, according to a new survey by the British National Health Service(NHS)．
To know people’s level of happiness, the 12-question survey asked 8，000 British adults to rate(评估) their levels of self-confidence, anxiety and sleep quality. Through those answers, NHS researchers got each adult’s grade. The grades were between 0－12 points and those getting four or higher were considered mentally ill.
The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives, which is a surprising pattern for researchers. However, that possibility drops by the time both sexes reach their eighties. A closer look at the results shows that just 14 percent of women over the age of 85 have mental health problems. Twenty-eight percent of women aged 16 to 24, 18 percent of women aged 25 to 34, and 24 percent of women aged 45 to 54 report having mental illness. Meanwhile, almost one in five men aged 85 or older gets a grade showing mental health issues.
Generally speaking, it’s possible that women feel unhappier than men because they often “experience the pressure of domestic(家庭的) and caring responsibilities，” according to Kate Lovett, dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. But those negative feelings may drop in old age, as their children grow up and they are set free from many care-taking duties, she told The Times.
Still, your 85th birthday seems like a long way off. Don’t worry about it. There are a lot of ways to be happier regardless of your age, which are waiting for you to find them out and give them a try.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，女性通常比男性更容易患精神疾病，但是随着年龄增长，男女患精神疾病的风险会有所变化。
5．What was the 12-question survey done for?
A．Helping people become healthier.
B．Learning about people’s happiness.
C．Finding out the sources of people’s pressure.
D．Encouraging people to become more confident.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 To know people’s level of happiness...可知，做这个调查是为了了解人们的幸福感。
6．What surprised the researchers?
A．People can develop mental illness throughout their lives.
B．Men are generally better at dealing with mental illness.
C．Women don’t like keeping their mental illness a secret.
D．Women more likely suffer from serious mental illness.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives, which is a surprising pattern for researchers.可知，令研究人员惊讶的是：女性比男性更容易患精神疾病。
7．Which of the following statements would Kate Lovett agree with?
A．Women’s pressure is mainly from family.
B．It’s difficult for women to avoid negative feelings.
C．Women should be set free from caring responsibilities.
D．Responsibilities at home may reduce women’s feelings of happiness.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的Generally speaking, it’s possible...according to Kate Lovett, dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.可知，Kate Lovett认为女性在家里的责任减少了她们的幸福感。
七选五
Giving advice is not one of the easiest tasks. You can be put under a lot of pressure especially if you generally give bad advice. With these tips, you’ll be a professor at giving good advice!
1．________Every situation is unique, so never assume(以为) you know all you need to know about a problem. Listen carefully to the person who wants advice, and learn as much as possible about this situation.
Put yourself in the advisee’s shoes. 2.________If you’ve been in a similar situation, think about what you learned, but don’t rely solely on your experiences to give advice—imagine that you are giving yourself advice for the unique circumstances(情况) that the other person is facing.
3．________If you can have a few hours to think about the problem and possible solutions, take that time to really think about every possible solution. You could even take the opportunity to ask someone who’s more knowledgeable for advice.
Think about the results of taking your advice and not taking your advice. If there’s no obvious difference between the results, your advice might not be bad, but it’s not useful either.4.________
Be honest. If your advised course of action has possible problems, tell the person about them.5.________Your goal should not be to blindly lead the person, but rather to help him or her make a good decision, so don’t act like a salesman.
A．Listen to the person asking you for advice.
B．Take time to think about the issue if you can.
C．Try to imagine yourself in the other person’s situation.
D．Understand that the person may not take your advice.
E．If your advice leads to a worse result, your advice probably is bad.
F．You can never be sure that your advice is really the best for him or her.
G．Be honest about this fact if you don’t really feel knowledgeable enough about the problem.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。其实给别人提一些好的意见并不是一件容易的事情，那么怎样能让自己提一些好的意见呢？
1．A 解析：根据下文 Listen carefully to the person who wants advice, and learn as much as possible about this situation.可知，要认真听听向你寻求意见的人的话。
2．C 解析：根据空前的 Put yourself in the advisee’s shoes.可知，试着想象一下你处在别人的位置上是什么样。
3．B 解析：根据空后的 If you can have a few hours to think about the problem and possible solutions, take that time to really think about every possible solution.可知，如果可能的话花点时间想想这件事情。
4．E 解析：根据空前的 If there’s no obvious difference between the results, your advice might not be bad, but it’s not useful either.可知，如果你的意见会导致不好的结果，那么这个意见就不好。
5．G 解析：根据上文 Be honest.可知，如果你对这种事情了解得不多，请说真话。
课件57张PPT。Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
[学生用书P76]
品句填词
1．There are lots of colorful plastic bags floating(漂浮) on the lake, which pollute the water.
2．“Don’t lose heart, Tony. Everything will be all right soon，” said Mother gently(温和地)．
3．Many countries are working together to deal with the problem of climate(气候) change.
4．As hours went by, the bear cub’s mother didn’t appear, so the fishermen called a wildlife biologist(生物学家)．
5．Stephen Hawking was one of the greatest physicists(物理学家) in the world.
6．After about an hour of being beyond the pull of the earth’s gravity(压力), Glenn reported that he felt very well.
7．A plane crashed(碰撞) onto a mountain and killed more than 70 people.
8．China is the fifth country in the world to develop and launch(发射) man-made satellites(卫星) independently.
9．Robert pulled(拉，拖) the box out and found the letter was still hidden in it.
10．Some experts think reading is the fundamental(基本的) skill upon which school education depends.
选词填空
in time; give birth to; block out; according to; as a result of; break out; watch out for; now that
1．Now that you have known the truth, I needn’t tell it to you.
2．Luckily, when the fire broke out,no one was in the kitchen.
3．You must watch out for ice on the road in the winter.
4．The design of the house is not good, because that wall blocks out the sunlight.
5．As a result of the damage to the forests, parts of the country are now short of water.
6．A child ran across the road in front of my car, but luckily, I stopped my car just in time．
7．Students will be placed into different classes according to their present language skills.
8．The Greens have a boy and Mrs. Green gave birth to a girl baby last weekend.
完成句子
1．他的新家是你家的两倍大。
His new house is twice as big as yours．
2．他太累了，不想吃晚饭，所以他直接去睡觉了。
He was too tired to have supper,so he went to bed directly.
3．他感觉有人在盯着他，这让他很紧张。
He felt someone staring at him,which made him nervous.
4．既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日对你而言将是个有价值的经历。
Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture,I thought this festival would be a worthwhile experience for you.
5．这里的生活并不像看起来那么平静。
Life here is not as peaceful as it looks.
课文语法填空
Last month, Li Yanping and the author visited the moon 1.by spaceship. During their journey to the moon, the force of gravity changed three times, the first one of 2.which was the most powerful.
As the rocket rose into the air, the pull of the earth’s gravity was so hard that they 3.were pushed(push) back into their seats and couldn’t say anything to each other. 4.Gradually(gradual) the weight lessened and they were too far from the earth 5.to feel(feel) its pull. That was why the spaceship didn’t fall back to the earth.
When they got closer to the moon, they felt its gravity pulling them, 6.but it wasn’t as strong as the earth’s. When they landed on the moon, their weight was 7.lighter(light) than that on the earth and the author was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. However, they began to enjoy 8.themselves(they) on the moon after a while.
Returning to the earth was very frightening. They were amazed as fire broke out 9.on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. They hoped they would visit some 10.stars(star) next time.
[学生用书P129(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
2．Do remember to watch out for cars while crossing the street.
3．What makes me puzzled(puzzle) is why he left the country without telling anyone.
4．We live in a global (globe) village, but this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way.
5．The biologist(biology) thinks that some plants in this area are in danger of extinction.
6．Most children need encouragement in the face of failure so that they can cheer up again.
7．We decided to cut down the tree in front of the window because it blocked out the sunlight.
8．It rained heavily in the south, causing(cause) serious floods in several provinces.
9．Hearing the exciting news, he was too excited to say(say) a word.
10．The boy often breaks in while his parents are speaking.
阅读理解
A
An increasing number of hares(野兔) have been causing such chaos(混乱) at Milan’s city airport that officials have decided to take immediate measures to try and catch them. Linate airport will close for three hours on Sunday while 200 wildlife experts go out on the runways to catch about 80 hares.
“Hares have been active on the runways for months, confusing the ground radar(雷达), and endangering planes landing and taking off，” say officials. “In the last two weeks hares have ended up below the wheels of two planes，” said Alberto Grancini, the Milan province official in charge of hunting and wildlife. “They could have caused serious accidents.”
The Milan airport’s officials said that the hare population at Linate had greatly increased this year leading to several attempts to drive them away from the airport. Unfortunately, the hares have refused to leave, so the decision has been made to close the airport altogether to try to catch them.
The operation begins on Saturday, when an area of 4 square kilometres will be closed off including the runways and aircraft parking areas. The hare hunters will move in at the beginning of the day on Sunday, catching hares until 8：00 a．m. when Linate will reopen. Twelve flights will have to be rescheduled for later in the day. The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves(保护区) in the Milan area and will be set free, in the hope that they do not find their way back to the airport.
Linate, which is only 7 km from the centre of Milan, was built in the 1930s, and served as the city’s main airport until the modernization of Malpensa, 50km up the road. Linate is mainly used by low-cost airlines such as easyJet, as well as by national carriers such as Alitalia and British Airways.
【解题导语】 本文是一则新闻报道。米兰利纳特机场饱受野兔骚扰之苦，不得不暂时关闭机场，将这些野兔逮住之后请出机场。
1．What do Alberto Grancini’s words mean?
A．Hare hunting should be encouraged.
B．Hares are a real threat to airplanes.
C．Protecting hares is a worrying problem.
D．Hares pay a high price for living at the airport.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的 They could have caused serious accidents.可知，野兔给机场带来了很大的安全隐患。
2．What can we learn about the airport’s earlier attempts to drive the hares away?
A．Brave. B．Creative.
C．Dangerous. D．Fruitless.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 Unfortunately, the hares have refused to leave 可知，先前驱赶野兔离开机场的做法没有效果。
3．How will the hares be dealt with?
A．They will be in the charge of wildlife experts.
B．They will have to find their own way home.
C．They will be brought to a protected area.
D．They will be forced out of Milan.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves(保护区)可知，被逮住的野兔会被带至保护区。
4．According to the last paragraph, Linate airport ________.
A．is 7km away from Malpensa
B．is less popular than before
C．is a century-old airport
D．is a disused airport
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 served as the city’s main airport until the modernization of Malpensa, 50 km up the road 可知，该机场曾是米兰市的主要机场，后来其重要地位被马尔本萨机场取代。
B
There is good news for ladies：The two happiest years of your life might have gone by, but things will not be always bad from now on. Women are most likely to reach the highest point of happiness at 85 years old, according to a new survey by the British National Health Service(NHS)．
To know people’s level of happiness, the 12-question survey asked 8，000 British adults to rate(评估) their levels of self-confidence, anxiety and sleep quality. Through those answers, NHS researchers got each adult’s grade. The grades were between 0－12 points and those getting four or higher were considered mentally ill.
The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives, which is a surprising pattern for researchers. However, that possibility drops by the time both sexes reach their eighties. A closer look at the results shows that just 14 percent of women over the age of 85 have mental health problems. Twenty-eight percent of women aged 16 to 24, 18 percent of women aged 25 to 34, and 24 percent of women aged 45 to 54 report having mental illness. Meanwhile, almost one in five men aged 85 or older gets a grade showing mental health issues.
Generally speaking, it’s possible that women feel unhappier than men because they often “experience the pressure of domestic(家庭的) and caring responsibilities，” according to Kate Lovett, dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. But those negative feelings may drop in old age, as their children grow up and they are set free from many care-taking duties, she told The Times.
Still, your 85th birthday seems like a long way off. Don’t worry about it. There are a lot of ways to be happier regardless of your age, which are waiting for you to find them out and give them a try.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，女性通常比男性更容易患精神疾病，但是随着年龄增长，男女患精神疾病的风险会有所变化。
5．What was the 12-question survey done for?
A．Helping people become healthier.
B．Learning about people’s happiness.
C．Finding out the sources of people’s pressure.
D．Encouraging people to become more confident.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 To know people’s level of happiness...可知，做这个调查是为了了解人们的幸福感。
6．What surprised the researchers?
A．People can develop mental illness throughout their lives.
B．Men are generally better at dealing with mental illness.
C．Women don’t like keeping their mental illness a secret.
D．Women more likely suffer from serious mental illness.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives, which is a surprising pattern for researchers.可知，令研究人员惊讶的是：女性比男性更容易患精神疾病。
7．Which of the following statements would Kate Lovett agree with?
A．Women’s pressure is mainly from family.
B．It’s difficult for women to avoid negative feelings.
C．Women should be set free from caring responsibilities.
D．Responsibilities at home may reduce women’s feelings of happiness.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的Generally speaking, it’s possible...according to Kate Lovett, dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.可知，Kate Lovett认为女性在家里的责任减少了她们的幸福感。
七选五
Giving advice is not one of the easiest tasks. You can be put under a lot of pressure especially if you generally give bad advice. With these tips, you’ll be a professor at giving good advice!
1．________Every situation is unique, so never assume(以为) you know all you need to know about a problem. Listen carefully to the person who wants advice, and learn as much as possible about this situation.
Put yourself in the advisee’s shoes. 2.________If you’ve been in a similar situation, think about what you learned, but don’t rely solely on your experiences to give advice—imagine that you are giving yourself advice for the unique circumstances(情况) that the other person is facing.
3．________If you can have a few hours to think about the problem and possible solutions, take that time to really think about every possible solution. You could even take the opportunity to ask someone who’s more knowledgeable for advice.
Think about the results of taking your advice and not taking your advice. If there’s no obvious difference between the results, your advice might not be bad, but it’s not useful either.4.________
Be honest. If your advised course of action has possible problems, tell the person about them.5.________Your goal should not be to blindly lead the person, but rather to help him or her make a good decision, so don’t act like a salesman.
A．Listen to the person asking you for advice.
B．Take time to think about the issue if you can.
C．Try to imagine yourself in the other person’s situation.
D．Understand that the person may not take your advice.
E．If your advice leads to a worse result, your advice probably is bad.
F．You can never be sure that your advice is really the best for him or her.
G．Be honest about this fact if you don’t really feel knowledgeable enough about the problem.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。其实给别人提一些好的意见并不是一件容易的事情，那么怎样能让自己提一些好的意见呢？
1．A 解析：根据下文 Listen carefully to the person who wants advice, and learn as much as possible about this situation.可知，要认真听听向你寻求意见的人的话。
2．C 解析：根据空前的 Put yourself in the advisee’s shoes.可知，试着想象一下你处在别人的位置上是什么样。
3．B 解析：根据空后的 If you can have a few hours to think about the problem and possible solutions, take that time to really think about every possible solution.可知，如果可能的话花点时间想想这件事情。
4．E 解析：根据空前的 If there’s no obvious difference between the results, your advice might not be bad, but it’s not useful either.可知，如果你的意见会导致不好的结果，那么这个意见就不好。
5．G 解析：根据上文 Be honest.可知，如果你对这种事情了解得不多，请说真话。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
名词性从句——主语从句
1．(教材P25)What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
2．(教材P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
3．(教材P26)What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
4．(教材P26)It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
5．(教材P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
6．(教材P26)So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
定义
在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。
◆How the earth came into existence remains a mystery to us.
地球是如何形成的对我们来说仍然是一个谜。
◆It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.
儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这位女士很担心。
引导主语从句的连接词
引导主语从句的连接词有三类：从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。
1．连接词that和whether/if
(1)that引导的主语从句
◆That my parents always treat me as a little child makes me very unhappy.
我的父母总是像对待小孩子那样对我让我很不开心。
◆That the college will take in more new students this year is true.
今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。
(2)whether/if引导的主语从句
◆Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.
他是否能按时完成他的任务非常重要。
◆Whether the sports meeting will be held is not certain now. 运动会是否将举行现在还不确定。
(1)that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接作用。
(2)whether在从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。
【即时演练1】——用适当的连接词填空
①That she was chosen made us very happy.
②Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
③That she became a famous physicist made her parents very happy.
④Whether we go there by train or by air makes no difference.
2．连接代词引导主语从句
连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的连接代词有who, whose, whom, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever等。
◆Who will bring up the child hasn’t been decided yet.
谁来抚养这个孩子还没有决定。
◆Which lifestyle is the most beneficial to our health is still unknown.
还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。
◆Whoever loves their children will be loved by their children.
爱孩子的父母会被孩子爱。
◆Whatever you do should do no harm to others.
无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。
【即时演练2】——用适当的连接词填空
①What moved me most deeply was the deep love between the boy and his parents.
②Which part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
③What he said at the meeting astonished everybody.
④Whoever wants to win the election will face lots of difficulties.
3．连接副词引导主语从句
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。连接副词有when, where, why, how等。
◆How the book will sell depends on its author.
这本书如何销售取决于作者本人。
◆Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.
我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。
主语从句中连接词的选择技巧：
(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。
(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。
【即时演练3】——用适当的连接词填空
①How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
②Where the valuable paintings were hidden is still a mystery.
③When they will have the sports meeting is still a question, for they have so many things to do.
④Why he was absent from the meeting remains a mystery.
4．主语从句与形式主语it
有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在含有主语从句的复合句中使用形式主语it, 而将真正的主语从句移至句末。常见的用形式主语it的主语从句结构有：
(1)It be＋名词词组＋主语从句．
常用于这种句型的名词有a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等。
◆It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.
她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。
(2)It be＋形容词＋主语从句．
◆(2018·江苏卷)It’s strange that he should have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
真奇怪，他居然没有得到主人的允许就把书拿走了。
(3)It be＋过去分词＋主语从句．
◆It is believed that at least 20 buildings were damaged or destroyed.
人们认为，至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。
(4)It ＋不及物动词(happen, seem, appear, etc.)＋主语从句．
◆It happened that I had been away when he called.
他打电话时，我碰巧不在家。
(5)It ＋及物动词＋宾语＋that从句．
◆It surprised me that our parents wouldn’t like to accept new things.
让我吃惊的是我们的父母不愿意接受新事物。
【即时演练4】——用适当的连接词填空
①It’s known that knowledge is treasure and practice is the key to success.
②It remains to be seen whether they can talk him over.
③It’s reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were badly hurt.
用适当的连接词填空
1．It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
2．What parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
3．Whether Tom will win the computer competition remains a secret till next Monday.
4．It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.
5．Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow or not depends on the weather.
6．Whoever gets to the home first starts cooking the supper.
7．Why he gave up the chance of studying abroad is unknown.
8．What matters most in learning English is enough practice.
9．According to the rules, whoever fails to return the books on time will have their accounts frozen.
10．That Peter won the first prize in the final examination surprised all of us.
11．What moved me most in this film was that the boy gave all his money to the homeless.
12．Whether he will attend the meeting or not tomorrow depends on his time schedule.
13．It is a great pity that Li Yong, a famous host in CCTV, died of cancer at the age of fifty.
14．How he managed to finish the task by himself is still a mystery to me.
15．When he will come back from Canada isn’t known, so I will call him up to check the exact time.
语法与写作
1．使林先生兴奋的是读者给予他的新书很高的评价。
What made Mr. Lin excited was that his new book was highly praised by readers.
2．使张女士担心的事情是她的女儿没有回家。
It worried Mrs. Zhang that her daughter didn’t come back home．
3．我们得不到的看起来比我们拥有的好。
What we can’t get seems better than what we have.
4．这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
It is still unknown whether the plan will be carried out．
5．谁将负责我们班级到目前为止还没确定。
Who will take charge of our class hasn’t been decided so far.
6．很明显，班主任对考试结果很满意。
It is obvious that the head teacher is pleased with the result of the exam．
7．他在那么多人面前向他的父母表示感谢让他的父母很感动。
That he expressed his thanks to his parents in front of so many people moved his parents.
8．孩子们最需要的是爱而不是钱和玩具。
What kids need most is love rather than money and toys.
9．不管是谁干的这事，早晚要被抓住并受到惩罚。
Whoever did this will be caught and punished sooner or later.
10．他是如何挣到这么多钱对我来说依旧是个谜。
How he made so much money remains a mystery to me.
[学生用书P131(单独成册)]
用适当的连接词填空
1．What interested me most was how the man escaped from Cuba and made his way to Miami.
2．That her son came back safely made Mrs. Wang feel relieved.
3．Who will be in charge of the project is quite important.
4．Which one is the healthiest is uncertain.
5．When/Whether Mr. Green will return from China by plane hasn’t been decided yet.
6．Where/How/When Bob got such important information is still a mystery.
7．How our brain works is being studied by the scientists.
8．Why Johnson gave up such a good chance is still unknown.
9．It was reported that the two companies would carry out a project together.
10．It doesn’t matter much whether you will come to the party or not.
11．Why Tom moved to Canada suddenly remains a puzzle.
12．What caused him to be so angry made us curious.
13．It is a great pity that you didn’t go to Helen’s birthday party.
14．It is not clear whether Michael will go camping on the weekend.
15．What concerns the boss most is how to improve customer service.
阅读理解
For people living in the digital(数字的) age, it has become almost required to be active on social media. Facebook has been around for more than 10 years. And with the large increase in the number of people using Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat, social media take up a large part of our everyday lives. They allow us to communicate with our family and friends easily. They also allow us to join some organizations and meet some new people we would have never had the chance to know without social media. However, social media can also be annoying sometimes.
For me, I find it upsetting to always be aware of where people are and what they’re doing. This was my problem with Snapchat, because it makes you walk through other people’s life all the time. Back when Facebook was becoming popular, people began pointing out how it may be unhealthy, because it allows you to compare your life with the lives people choose to make public. This is especially a problem on some platforms like Snapchat. It was upsetting to go through stories on a lazy Saturday evening where you see people out doing things while you’re just sitting at home watching Netflix.
This is not to paint social media as some damaging force that is ruining lives. Most people can use social media without getting annoyed or hurt. If you feel like your social media use is healthy and it makes you happy, then I encourage you to continue. However, if you think it brings out the worst in you, consider taking a break. I’m not meaning never using Twitter again, but taking a few weeks or months to step away and remove it from your life. I left both my Twitter and Snapchat accounts active in case I wish to make the return in the future. For now, I’m enjoying the freedom that goes without having to check every notification(通知) and knowing everything about everyone to focus on myself.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。现在社交媒体在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用，但是也给我们的生活带来了一些消极的影响。
1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about social media?
A．They are considered annoying by most users.
B．They have become popular all over the world.
C．They are considered a must by different age groups.
D．They have played an important role in our daily life.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的 And with the large increase in the number of people using Twitter...chance to know without social media.可推测，第一段表明社交媒体现在在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用。
2．What was the author’s problem with Snapchat?
A．She always had to pay attention to others’ activities.
B．She didn’t have much to share with others.
C．She found it difficult for her to use it.
D．She was too busy to use it.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的 For me, I find it upsetting to always...because it makes you walk through other people’s life all the time.可知，作者的问题是：她不得不经常去关注别人的生活。
3．When the author was going through stories on Snapchat, how did she most probably respond?
A．She was deeply moved.
B．She felt happy for others.
C．She was greatly inspired.
D．She felt sad about her life.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的 Back when Facebook was becoming popular, people began...while you’re just sitting at home watching Netflix.可推断，作者看到那上面的帖子最有可能为自己的生活感到难过。
4．Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with?
A．Instagram is more popular with people.
B．People should leave social media once for all.
C．Social media have more disadvantages than advantages.
D．We should use social media according to our actual situations.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的 If you feel like your social media use is healthy...consider taking a break.可推断，我们应该根据自己的实际情况来选择是否使用社交媒体。
完形填空
Wildfires continue sweeping across Southern California. Some families are returning home to find their houses are completely __1__ and many things turned to dust and ashes(灰烬). It’s __2__， but stories of hope, like the one from this Ventura County couple, are beginning to __3__．
Don and Julie Myers had been evacuated(撤离) from their home, and when they returned, they didn’t __4__ to find some things after the big fire. The couple had a safety box. __5__， when they opened it, it seemed that everything was __6__. Still, the firefighters on-site helped them __7__ the safety box carefully just __8__ there was anything that can be saved. Don __9__ to look through the remnants(遗留物), and by doing so, he found his wife’s original wedding ring.
Julie has two rings: the original one, which was __10__ in the safety box, and a new one that Don bought for their 25th anniversary. She was __11__ the new ring at the time of the fire. Once they found the original ring, Don got down on one knee and re-proposed(再次求婚) to Julie, proving that in times of __12__， acts of love win the victory.
“It was truly __13__ that he found it. I had thought we had __14__ it because everything else was totally damaged，” Julie says. “My son photographed the proposal. It was very meaningful and I was terribly __15__．”
“The support from the people in the city of Ventura was amazing，” Julie says. She advises those who want to offer help to __16__ shopping cards, because most people have so many things to __17__ after big disasters.
__18__， the wildfires in Southern California have __19__ 230，000 acres of land, including parts of Los Angeles, San Diego, Riverside, Ventura, and Santa Barbara counties. There are several organizations that are looking for __20__ and contributions; you can find more information here.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一场大火吞噬了南加利福尼亚，Don和Julie也在大火中失去家园，但他们的结婚戒指却在大火中失而复得。大火还见证了人们之间的无私援助和真情。
1．A.destroyed B．removed
C．missed D．decorated
A 解析：根据后文的many things turned to dust and ashes(灰烬)可知，大火持续吞噬南加利福利亚，一些家庭重返家园，发现他们的房子完全被焚毁(destroyed)。
2．A.touching B．heartbreaking
C．disappointing D．surprising
B 解析：大火毁掉了一切，所以可推测，这是令人伤心的(heartbreaking)。
3．A.change B．hide
C．compare D．appear
D 解析：尽管大火无情，充满希望的故事还是有的，结合下文，Don和Julie Myers的爱情故事出现奇迹，故可推出答案。
4．A.expect B．stop
C．remember D．agree
A 解析：根据上文的many things turned to dust and ashes(灰烬)可推测，他们并没有期待(expect)能在大火后找到点什么东西。
5．A.Therefore B．However
C．Besides D．Otherwise
B 解析：根据上文的The couple had a safety box.可推测，虽然他们有一个保险箱，但当他们打开它，却发现几乎所有的东西都被毁掉了。
6．A.unrecognizable B．complete
C．impossible D．wonderful
A 解析：火势如此之大，箱子里的很多东西都变得无法辨认(unrecognizable)。
7．A.check B．fill
C．close D．empty
A 解析：根据下文的look through the remnants可知，在场的消防员帮他们查看(check)保险箱。
8．A.in case B．as if
C．now that D．or else
A 解析：在场的消防员帮他们查看保险箱，以防(in case)还能找到一些可以挽救的东西。
9．A.pretended B．regretted
C．refused D．continued
D 解析：Don继续(continued)在大火烧过的遗留物中寻找。
10．A.stuck B．kept
C．forgotten D．left
B 解析：他们有两个戒指，以前的结婚戒指保存(kept)在保险箱里。
11．A.taking off B．researching
C．breaking up D．wearing
D 解析：在火灾发生时，Julie戴着(wearing)新戒指。
12．A.determination B．disaster
C．congratulation D．depression
B 解析：Don的这个举动证明，在灾难时刻，爱的行动最后会胜过一切。按照语境，他们找到结婚戒指时正处于灾难现场，故可推出答案。
13．A.amazing B．amusing
C．frightening D．annoying
A 解析：能在大火灰烬中找到结婚戒指，这种结局的确让人惊讶(amazing)。
14．A.thrown B．discovered
C．mistaken D．lost
D 解析：Julie原以为会失去(lost)那枚结婚戒指，因为一切被大火烧得面目全非。
15．A.moved B．nervous
C．proud D．upset
A 解析：根据前文的It was very meaningful and I was terribly可推测Julie是很感动的(moved)。
16．A.rent B．put up
C．give away D．lend
C 解析：她建议想要提供帮助的人可以给他们捐(give away)一些购物卡。
17．A.select B．replace
C．repair D．design
B 解析：大火过后，大多数家庭的物品需要置换(replace)，因为他们家中的财产几乎付之一炬。
18．A.Unfortunately B．Strangely
C．Suddenly D．Eagerly
A 解析：不幸的是(Unfortunately)，南加州的野火烧毁了230，000英亩的土地。
19．A.ignored B．surrounded
C．burned D．buried
C 解析：因为发生的是大火，故应该是烧毁了(burned)230，000英亩的土地。
20．A.volunteers B．leaders
C．competitors D．employees
A 解析：大火过后，一些救援组织需要的应该是志愿者(volunteers)和人们捐赠的物资。
语法填空
The Big Bang theory is science’s best explanation of how the universe began. The theory insists that our universe 1.____________(create) when a tiny and super-hot mass exploded and began expanding very rapidly. It 2.____________(final) cooled and formed into the stars and galaxies(银河系) with 3.____________we are familiar. It is said 4.____________the event happened approximately 15 billion years ago. The event of the Big Bang was space itself expanding—perhaps at speeds 5.____________ (great) than light.
Since the late 1960s, the Big Bang theory 6.____________(be) the main explanation for the birth of our universe. Because 7.____________(physics) have not yet found a convincing theory that explains how gravity operates, they are unable 8.____________(find) theories as to what happened after the Big Bang. At the very beginning, our universe may have been an object with nearly-infinite density, 9.____________ perhaps something else. Our instruments and 10.____________(science) methods may need to be fully improved before any further progress is made.
1．was created 解析： 考查一般过去时的被动语态。universe 与 create 之间是被动关系，且 create 所表示的动作发生在过去，故填 was created。
2．finally 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰 cooled 和 formed，故填 finally。
3．which 解析：考查关系代词。此处为由“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 stars and galaxies(银河系), 因该关系代词在从句中作介词 with 的宾语，故填 which。
4．that 解析：考查连接词。It is said that... 意为“据说”，其中 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是由 that 引导的从句。
5．greater 解析：考查形容词的比较级。由 than 可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填 greater。
6．has been 解析：考查时态。由Since the late 1960s可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has been。
7．physicists 解析：考查名词。设空处作主语，表示“物理学家”，又因谓语动词为复数形式，故填 physicists。
8．to find 解析：考查不定式。be unable to do sth. 意为“没有能力做某事”。
9．or 解析：考查连词。由句意可知， an object with nearly-infinite density 与 something else 之间是选择关系，故填 or。
10．scientific 解析： 考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰 methods, 表示“科学的”，故填 scientific。
课件26张PPT。Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
[学生用书P131(单独成册)]
用适当的连接词填空
1．What interested me most was how the man escaped from Cuba and made his way to Miami.
2．That her son came back safely made Mrs. Wang feel relieved.
3．Who will be in charge of the project is quite important.
4．Which one is the healthiest is uncertain.
5．When/Whether Mr. Green will return from China by plane hasn’t been decided yet.
6．Where/How/When Bob got such important information is still a mystery.
7．How our brain works is being studied by the scientists.
8．Why Johnson gave up such a good chance is still unknown.
9．It was reported that the two companies would carry out a project together.
10．It doesn’t matter much whether you will come to the party or not.
11．Why Tom moved to Canada suddenly remains a puzzle.
12．What caused him to be so angry made us curious.
13．It is a great pity that you didn’t go to Helen’s birthday party.
14．It is not clear whether Michael will go camping on the weekend.
15．What concerns the boss most is how to improve customer service.
阅读理解
For people living in the digital(数字的) age, it has become almost required to be active on social media. Facebook has been around for more than 10 years. And with the large increase in the number of people using Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat, social media take up a large part of our everyday lives. They allow us to communicate with our family and friends easily. They also allow us to join some organizations and meet some new people we would have never had the chance to know without social media. However, social media can also be annoying sometimes.
For me, I find it upsetting to always be aware of where people are and what they’re doing. This was my problem with Snapchat, because it makes you walk through other people’s life all the time. Back when Facebook was becoming popular, people began pointing out how it may be unhealthy, because it allows you to compare your life with the lives people choose to make public. This is especially a problem on some platforms like Snapchat. It was upsetting to go through stories on a lazy Saturday evening where you see people out doing things while you’re just sitting at home watching Netflix.
This is not to paint social media as some damaging force that is ruining lives. Most people can use social media without getting annoyed or hurt. If you feel like your social media use is healthy and it makes you happy, then I encourage you to continue. However, if you think it brings out the worst in you, consider taking a break. I’m not meaning never using Twitter again, but taking a few weeks or months to step away and remove it from your life. I left both my Twitter and Snapchat accounts active in case I wish to make the return in the future. For now, I’m enjoying the freedom that goes without having to check every notification(通知) and knowing everything about everyone to focus on myself.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。现在社交媒体在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用，但是也给我们的生活带来了一些消极的影响。
1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about social media?
A．They are considered annoying by most users.
B．They have become popular all over the world.
C．They are considered a must by different age groups.
D．They have played an important role in our daily life.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的 And with the large increase in the number of people using Twitter...chance to know without social media.可推测，第一段表明社交媒体现在在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用。
2．What was the author’s problem with Snapchat?
A．She always had to pay attention to others’ activities.
B．She didn’t have much to share with others.
C．She found it difficult for her to use it.
D．She was too busy to use it.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的 For me, I find it upsetting to always...because it makes you walk through other people’s life all the time.可知，作者的问题是：她不得不经常去关注别人的生活。
3．When the author was going through stories on Snapchat, how did she most probably respond?
A．She was deeply moved.
B．She felt happy for others.
C．She was greatly inspired.
D．She felt sad about her life.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的 Back when Facebook was becoming popular, people began...while you’re just sitting at home watching Netflix.可推断，作者看到那上面的帖子最有可能为自己的生活感到难过。
4．Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with?
A．Instagram is more popular with people.
B．People should leave social media once for all.
C．Social media have more disadvantages than advantages.
D．We should use social media according to our actual situations.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的 If you feel like your social media use is healthy...consider taking a break.可推断，我们应该根据自己的实际情况来选择是否使用社交媒体。
完形填空
Wildfires continue sweeping across Southern California. Some families are returning home to find their houses are completely __1__ and many things turned to dust and ashes(灰烬). It’s __2__， but stories of hope, like the one from this Ventura County couple, are beginning to __3__．
Don and Julie Myers had been evacuated(撤离) from their home, and when they returned, they didn’t __4__ to find some things after the big fire. The couple had a safety box. __5__， when they opened it, it seemed that everything was __6__. Still, the firefighters on-site helped them __7__ the safety box carefully just __8__ there was anything that can be saved. Don __9__ to look through the remnants(遗留物), and by doing so, he found his wife’s original wedding ring.
Julie has two rings: the original one, which was __10__ in the safety box, and a new one that Don bought for their 25th anniversary. She was __11__ the new ring at the time of the fire. Once they found the original ring, Don got down on one knee and re-proposed(再次求婚) to Julie, proving that in times of __12__， acts of love win the victory.
“It was truly __13__ that he found it. I had thought we had __14__ it because everything else was totally damaged，” Julie says. “My son photographed the proposal. It was very meaningful and I was terribly __15__．”
“The support from the people in the city of Ventura was amazing，” Julie says. She advises those who want to offer help to __16__ shopping cards, because most people have so many things to __17__ after big disasters.
__18__， the wildfires in Southern California have __19__ 230，000 acres of land, including parts of Los Angeles, San Diego, Riverside, Ventura, and Santa Barbara counties. There are several organizations that are looking for __20__ and contributions; you can find more information here.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一场大火吞噬了南加利福尼亚，Don和Julie也在大火中失去家园，但他们的结婚戒指却在大火中失而复得。大火还见证了人们之间的无私援助和真情。
1．A.destroyed B．removed
C．missed D．decorated
A 解析：根据后文的many things turned to dust and ashes(灰烬)可知，大火持续吞噬南加利福利亚，一些家庭重返家园，发现他们的房子完全被焚毁(destroyed)。
2．A.touching B．heartbreaking
C．disappointing D．surprising
B 解析：大火毁掉了一切，所以可推测，这是令人伤心的(heartbreaking)。
3．A.change B．hide
C．compare D．appear
D 解析：尽管大火无情，充满希望的故事还是有的，结合下文，Don和Julie Myers的爱情故事出现奇迹，故可推出答案。
4．A.expect B．stop
C．remember D．agree
A 解析：根据上文的many things turned to dust and ashes(灰烬)可推测，他们并没有期待(expect)能在大火后找到点什么东西。
5．A.Therefore B．However
C．Besides D．Otherwise
B 解析：根据上文的The couple had a safety box.可推测，虽然他们有一个保险箱，但当他们打开它，却发现几乎所有的东西都被毁掉了。
6．A.unrecognizable B．complete
C．impossible D．wonderful
A 解析：火势如此之大，箱子里的很多东西都变得无法辨认(unrecognizable)。
7．A.check B．fill
C．close D．empty
A 解析：根据下文的look through the remnants可知，在场的消防员帮他们查看(check)保险箱。
8．A.in case B．as if
C．now that D．or else
A 解析：在场的消防员帮他们查看保险箱，以防(in case)还能找到一些可以挽救的东西。
9．A.pretended B．regretted
C．refused D．continued
D 解析：Don继续(continued)在大火烧过的遗留物中寻找。
10．A.stuck B．kept
C．forgotten D．left
B 解析：他们有两个戒指，以前的结婚戒指保存(kept)在保险箱里。
11．A.taking off B．researching
C．breaking up D．wearing
D 解析：在火灾发生时，Julie戴着(wearing)新戒指。
12．A.determination B．disaster
C．congratulation D．depression
B 解析：Don的这个举动证明，在灾难时刻，爱的行动最后会胜过一切。按照语境，他们找到结婚戒指时正处于灾难现场，故可推出答案。
13．A.amazing B．amusing
C．frightening D．annoying
A 解析：能在大火灰烬中找到结婚戒指，这种结局的确让人惊讶(amazing)。
14．A.thrown B．discovered
C．mistaken D．lost
D 解析：Julie原以为会失去(lost)那枚结婚戒指，因为一切被大火烧得面目全非。
15．A.moved B．nervous
C．proud D．upset
A 解析：根据前文的It was very meaningful and I was terribly可推测Julie是很感动的(moved)。
16．A.rent B．put up
C．give away D．lend
C 解析：她建议想要提供帮助的人可以给他们捐(give away)一些购物卡。
17．A.select B．replace
C．repair D．design
B 解析：大火过后，大多数家庭的物品需要置换(replace)，因为他们家中的财产几乎付之一炬。
18．A.Unfortunately B．Strangely
C．Suddenly D．Eagerly
A 解析：不幸的是(Unfortunately)，南加州的野火烧毁了230，000英亩的土地。
19．A.ignored B．surrounded
C．burned D．buried
C 解析：因为发生的是大火，故应该是烧毁了(burned)230，000英亩的土地。
20．A.volunteers B．leaders
C．competitors D．employees
A 解析：大火过后，一些救援组织需要的应该是志愿者(volunteers)和人们捐赠的物资。
语法填空
The Big Bang theory is science’s best explanation of how the universe began. The theory insists that our universe 1.____________(create) when a tiny and super-hot mass exploded and began expanding very rapidly. It 2.____________(final) cooled and formed into the stars and galaxies(银河系) with 3.____________we are familiar. It is said 4.____________the event happened approximately 15 billion years ago. The event of the Big Bang was space itself expanding—perhaps at speeds 5.____________ (great) than light.
Since the late 1960s, the Big Bang theory 6.____________(be) the main explanation for the birth of our universe. Because 7.____________(physics) have not yet found a convincing theory that explains how gravity operates, they are unable 8.____________(find) theories as to what happened after the Big Bang. At the very beginning, our universe may have been an object with nearly-infinite density, 9.____________ perhaps something else. Our instruments and 10.____________(science) methods may need to be fully improved before any further progress is made.
1．was created 解析： 考查一般过去时的被动语态。universe 与 create 之间是被动关系，且 create 所表示的动作发生在过去，故填 was created。
2．finally 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰 cooled 和 formed，故填 finally。
3．which 解析：考查关系代词。此处为由“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 stars and galaxies(银河系), 因该关系代词在从句中作介词 with 的宾语，故填 which。
4．that 解析：考查连接词。It is said that... 意为“据说”，其中 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是由 that 引导的从句。
5．greater 解析：考查形容词的比较级。由 than 可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填 greater。
6．has been 解析：考查时态。由Since the late 1960s可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has been。
7．physicists 解析：考查名词。设空处作主语，表示“物理学家”，又因谓语动词为复数形式，故填 physicists。
8．to find 解析：考查不定式。be unable to do sth. 意为“没有能力做某事”。
9．or 解析：考查连词。由句意可知， an object with nearly-infinite density 与 something else 之间是选择关系，故填 or。
10．scientific 解析： 考查形容词。设空处作定语修饰 methods, 表示“科学的”，故填 scientific。
Section Ⅴ Writing
解决问题类说明文
文体感知
解决问题类作文是对某些问题提出解决的建议和办法。
理清写作主题，解决问题的办法应该是文章的重点。语言要简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力且语气要委婉。
明确文章结构。开篇：提出问题；主体：分析和解决问题；总结：对提出问题的解决方法进行简要的评价。
增分佳句
1．In fact, drinking in space is really a big problem that we have to face.
事实上，在太空喝水真的是我们不得不面对的一个大问题。
2．One of the difficulties/challenges is how to prevent air pollution.
其中的一个难题/挑战是如何阻止空气污染。
3．It is of great importance for us to save energy.
节约能源对我们非常重要。
4．Unless we take effective measures, it is likely that many students abandon themselves to computer games.
除非我们采取有效的措施，否则很多学生很可能沉溺于电脑游戏。
5．In my opinion, I believe that only in this way can we keep our campus clean.
在我看来，我相信只有用这种方法才能保持我们校园的干净。
6．To solve these problems, we should make strict rules.
为了解决这些问题，我们应该制定严格的规则。
7．In a/one word/To sum up, we should form the habit of using mobile phones properly.
总而言之，我们应该养成合理使用手机的习惯。
写作模板
These days, we/people have to face the problem that ________(提出问题), which is becoming more and more serious. First, ________(说明现状). Second, ________(举例进一步说明)．
Facing/Faced with ________， we should take effective measures to cope with/deal with the situation/problem. For one thing, ________(解决办法一). For another thing ________(解决办法二). Finally, ________(解决办法三)．
Personally/As for me/As far as I’m concerned/In my opinion, I believe that ________(我的解决办法)．
或To sum up/In conclusion/In short, only in this way can we solve the problem.
写作要求
随着科学技术的发展，人类去太空旅游将不再是遥远的梦想。假设你是李华，对太空探索极感兴趣，现在请你写一篇英语短文，设想在今年暑假去太空旅游，如何克服失重条件下吃饭和喝水的问题。词数：100左右。
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．面对 be faced with
2．确定 make sure
3．解决 solve
4．太空旅游 travel in space
5．重力 gravity
6．飘动 float
遣词造句
1. 完成句子
①如果我去太空旅游，会有一个问题。
If I went to travel in space, there would be a problem．
②我可能会面临一个问题。
I might be faced with a problem.
③在外部太空，重力会很弱。
In outer space, the gravity is very weak．
④食物会到处飘动。
The food will float around．
⑤用这种方式，这个问题可以被解决。
The problem would be solved in this way．
2．句式升级
⑥用定语从句连接句①和句②
If I went to travel in space, there would be a problem I might be faced with.
⑦用so...that...连接句③和句④
In outer space, the gravity is so weak that the food will float around.
⑧用“only＋状语”改写句⑤
Only in this way would the problem be solved.
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
If I went to travel in space, there would be a problem I might be faced with: how to eat and drink in outer space.
I would have to take all my foods with me if I went to space travel, but in outer space, the gravity is so weak that the food will float around if it is solid. I must make sure that it is specially made as liquid space food. It could be put in a tube and then I would be able to suck it more easily. Perhaps I would use a straw to eat it. In my opinion, I believe that only in this way would the problem be solved. I might have a happy visit to space in that way.
假如你校英文报社面向学生征集主题为“假如我是科学家”的稿件，请你以“如何解决宇航员在太空面临的辐射问题”为内容写一篇100词左右的短文并投稿。
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One possible version：
Scientists have found out that the radiation is the greatest danger to spacemen in space. When spacemen are working in space, they’re faced with radiation from the sun and other planets, which is bad for their health. If I were a scientist, I would invent a kind of space suit made from unique materials which can reflect the radiation. Wearing such a suit, spacemen can walk freely in space without suffering from any radiation. Besides, I would invent a special machine which can absorb all the radiation in space.
I believe with the development of science and technology, the radiation problem in space can be gradually solved.
课件18张PPT。Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束[学生用书P81]
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.atmosphere n．大气层；气氛
I hope that I can work in a pleasant atmosphere(在一个愉快的氛围中工作).
2.gentle adj.温和的；文雅的
①The wind flew gently(gentle) when I stepped out of the dormitory.
②She was always gentle with the children in the kindergarten, never hitting nor scolding them.
3.harmful adj.有害的
Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)
4.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的
①In face of violence,people can act violently if they feel threatened.(violence)
②I felt my heart beating violently(violent).
③The schoolmaster said that some measures should be taken to stop the school violence (violent).
5.religion n．宗教；宗教信仰
①It took him about two weeks to appreciate the nature, the religion(religious) and the life habits there.
②He often says that he doesn’t believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others’ religious freedom. (religion)
6.global adj.全球性的；全世界的
The shortage of water has become a global (globe) problem.
7.exist vi.存在；生存
①As is known to us, the Republic of China came into existence(exist) as an independent country in 1949.
②Water is a fundamental matter for life to exist(exist) on the earth.
8.puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n．谜；难题
①He was quite puzzled(puzzle) about what to do next, so he turned to his father for help.
②The others around looked at him, puzzled(puzzle), and some even laughed.
③What puzzled(puzzle) me was why they didn’t take his advice.
9.biology n．生物学
Since my younger brother is fond of biology,he is determined to become a biologistwhen he grows up.(biology)
10.unlike prep.不同；不像
①Unlike (like) traditional amusement parks, theme parks often teach visitors something.
②As is known to us, everyone has his likes_and dislikes. My little sister is fond of pop music. She is likely to become a famous pop singer in the future.(like)
阅读词汇排查练
1.astronomy n． 天文学
2.astronomer n. 天文学家
3 billion pron.& n．& adj. 〈英〉万亿；〈美〉十亿
4.carbon n. 碳
5.acid n. 酸
6.exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽
7.dioxide n. 二氧化物
8.extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的
9.lessen vi.& vt. 减少；减轻
10.weightlessly adv. 失重地
11.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船
12.mammal n. 哺乳动物
13.solar system 太阳系
14.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
15.fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的
16.chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链
17.multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加
18.oxygen n. 氧
重点短语
会书写
1.prevent...from... 阻止……
2.lay eggs 下蛋
3.in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着
4.get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解
5.watch out for 密切注视；当心；提防
6.depend on 依靠
7.in time 及时；终于
8.give birth to 产生；分娩
9.cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋
10.now that 既然
11.break out 突发；爆发
12.block out 挡住(光线)
会应用
1.After laying eggs_in the sand, the turtles(海龟) return to the sea one by one.
2.My sister gave birth to a healthy baby last night, which made all my family very happy.
3.At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke out at ten this morning.
4.Only by practising time and time again can you get the hang of_the grammar rules.
5.Some measures have been taken in time to protect the environment.
6.With the weather becoming hotter and hotter, we need curtains to block out the sunshine.
7.All the five daughters, in their turn,took care of the sick father in the hospital.
8.If you give up this chance, you’ll regret it in time.
重点句型
1.what引导主语从句并在从句中作主语
我想说的是我已经成为第十三届全运会的志愿者。
(2017·天津卷)What I want to say is that I have already been a volunteer for the 13th National Games.
2．so...that...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句。
他学习如此努力以至于他取得了很大进步。
He worked so hard that he made great progress.
3．“make/find/think＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构
这两个女孩长得如此相像以至于陌生人很难把她们区分开。
The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.
4.“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”结构
我希望你能给予他们鼓励，让他们和你一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。
I hope you can give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.
5．倍数表达法之一：倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as...。
众所周知，猫睡觉的时间比人长一倍。
As we all know, cats sleep twice as much as people.
6．形容词作伴随状语
他躺在床上，醒着。
He lay on the bed, awake．
7．now that既然，引导原因状语从句
既然大家都到齐了，我们就开始开会吧。
Now that everyone is here,let’s begin our meeting.
单元语法
1．What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.
2．What surprised us most was that the four-year-old girl could speak seven languages.
3．It is hoped that these measures will help improve the air quality here.
4．Whether we will go sightseeing this weekend depends on the weather.
5．Why_he failed in the exam is still a mystery and his parents want to find out the reason.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．我们日常生活中到处有危险。(There exist)
2．上周日， 我家附近的一座大楼发生了火灾。(break out)
3．楼梯到处是烟雾， 这使得人们很难逃生。(make)
4．幸运的是， 消防队员及时赶到了。(in time)
5．消防队员到来后就不允许我们靠近了。(permit)
6．他们说既然他们来了，就轮到他们救人了。(now that; it is one’s turn)
7．依靠他们的专业技能， 他们很快就阻止了火势的蔓延， 使损失降低了预料的四分之一。(depend on; prevent...from...; a quarter of; expect)
8．从这个故事我们知道， 我们能否杜绝火灾取决于我们是否有安全意识。(whether...or not)
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One possible version：
There exists danger everywhere in our daily life.Last Sunday, a fire broke out in a building near my home and the stairs were full of smoke, which made it difficult for people to escape.Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time who didn’t permit us to get close as soon as they arrived, saying now that they had come here, it was their turn to save life.Depending on their professional skills, they quickly prevented the fire from spreading, making the loss reduce by a quarter of what we had expected.From the story, we know whether we can stop fire disasters or not depends on whether we have a sense of safety.
课件23张PPT。按ESC键退出全屏播放本部分内容讲解结束
