随着社会变迁和时代发展，农业会向哪个方向发展呢？
The Future of Farming,
More and more people around the world are living in urban areas, and the need for high-quality fresh food is rising.At the same time, new homes, apartment buildings, shopping centers and roads are replacing fertile land near cities.That makes growing crops in tall buildings an interesting solution.
In Dallas, Texas, a company called Green Habitat Hydroponics(GHH), sells vertical farming supplies(垂直农业用品)．“You can control anything and everything you want to with hydroponics (the process of growing plants in sand, small stones, or water with added nutrients but no soil)，” Kris Maxwell, a sales employee at GHH said.“For example, certain plants need certain nutrients and pH levels.But don’t worry.You can change the hydroponic solution(溶液) by adding or taking away nutrients, or by changing the pH level, or even by controlling the amount of a water in solution, so that plants get all the nutrients and water requirements they need.There are even different solutions for certain stages in the plant’s growth.”
In this indoor environment, LED lights, which are environmentally friendly, take the place of the sun.Heaters, coolers, and special machines control the temperature and humidity(湿度)．Up to 300 plants can grow in one container unit.
GHH also sells aeroponic systems.With this system, plants are placed in huge containers where only the roots are put in a solution.Nutrient-rich wastes from fish, for example, are filtered(过滤) and sent through the system.
“The good thing about this method is that no fertilizers have to be used because the fish produce all of the necessary nutrients，” Maxwell said.“Another advantage of vertical farming is that no insects or other pests will damage your crops.”
What do you think？Does vertical farming have a bright future？
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.struggle vi.& n. 斗争；拼搏；努力
2.decade n. 十年；十年期
3.expand vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展
4.rid vt. 摆脱；除去
5.therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而
6.crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量
拓展词汇
7.hunger n．饥饿；欲望 vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的
8.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.扰乱的；精神失常的→disturb vt.扰乱；打扰
9.freedom n．自由；自主→free adj.自由的；免费的→freely adv.自由地；随意地
10.equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数)
11.export vt.& vi.输出；出口→import vt.& vi.(反义词)输入；进口
12.personality n．性格；个性；人格→personal adj.个人的；身体的；亲自的→personally adv.亲自地；当面；个别地；就自己而言
阅读词汇
13.statistic n. 数据；统计；统计数字；
统计资料
14.sunburnt adj. 晒黑的
15.super adj. 特级的；超级的
16.output n. 产量；输出
17.circulate vt.& vi. 循环；流传
18.grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒
19.peanut n. 花生
20.occupation n. 工作；职业；占领
重点短语
1.thanks__to 幸亏；由于；因为
2.rid...of 使……摆脱或除去
3.be__satisfied__with 对……感到满意
4.care__about 关心；在乎
5.would__rather 宁愿；宁可
6.make__a__difference 有关系；有影响
重点句型
1.if so省略句式：If__so(如果这样), what did you do to grow them？
2.what引导名词性从句：Yuan Longping grows what__is__called(被称为……) super hybrid rice.
3.make it＋形容词＋动词不定式：This special strain of rice makes__it__possible__to(使……成为可能) produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
4.倍数表达法：Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice__as__large__as__before(以前的两倍大).
Fast-reading
Skim the text and do the following exercises.
1．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Ways to increase the rice output.
B．Yuan Longping’s dreams.
C．Yuan Longping’s super hybrid rice.
D．Yuan Longping—an agricultural pioneer.
答案：D
2．Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Yuan Longping’s brief life experiences.
Para.2 B．Yuan Longping’s dreams.
Para.3 C．Yuan Longping’s attitudes toward life.
Para.4 D．Yuan Longping’s achievements in the improvements on rice production.
答案：DACB
Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Why did Yuan Longping want to develop a new species of rice in the 1950s?
A．Because he wanted to win an award.
B．Because he wanted to catch others’ eye.
C．Because hunger was a disturbing problem in China.
D．Because his hometown suffered from drought.
2．How long did it take Yuan Longping to develop his super hybrid rice?
A．12 years. B．14 years.
C．20 years. D．25 years.
3．Yuan Longping’s hobbies include the following EXCEPT________．
A．listening to violin music B．playing mah-jong
C．swimming and reading D．singing
4．What does Yuan Longping think of being famous?
A．It gives him a chance to know more important people.
B．It makes him have more money to buy what he wants.
C．It gives him a chance to take up more hobbies.
D．It makes him have less freedom to do his research.
答案：1－4.CCDD
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．More than 800 million people go to bed hungry every day.
此句为简单句。hungry为形容词，在句中作状语，表示伴随，描述主语people的状态。
[翻译] 每天有超过8亿人饿着肚子睡觉。
2．Although he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research.
此句为并列句。第一个分句为主从复合句，含有Although引导的让步状语从句；并列连词for连接的第二个分句补充说明原因，to do his research为目的状语。
[翻译] 虽然他是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平却认为自己是个农民，因为他耕种土地来进行研究。
3．Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.
此句为主从复合句，for whom为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Chinese farmers。
[翻译] 的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。
4．In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
此句为主从复合句。句中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词rice，且that在从句中充当主语。主句中表语中心词pioneer由序数词修饰，后面的不定式作后置定语。
[翻译] 1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。
①pioneer n．开拓者；先锋，先驱
②consider v．认为，以为；仔细考虑
③work the land耕种土地
work在此处意为“管理，经营”，是及物动词。
④indeed adv.其实，实际上
⑤sunburnt['s?nb??nt]adj.晒黑的
⑥struggle['str?ɡl]vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力
⑦decade['dekeId]n.十年；十年期
⑧super['sju?p?]adj.特级的；超级的
⑨hybrid['haIbrId]adj.混合的；杂种的 n．杂交种；混血儿
⑩output['a?tp?t]n.产量；输出(反义词：input)
?strain[streIn]n.(植物的)品种；种类
?crop[kr?p]n.庄稼；农作物；产量
?hunger['h??ɡ?]n.饥饿；欲望 vt.& vi.(使)饥饿
?disturbing[dI'st??bI?]adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
?expand[Ik'sp?nd]
vt.& vi.使变大；伸展
?circulate['s??kj?leIt]
vt.& vi.循环；流传
?less developed countries欠发达国家
?thanks to幸亏；由于；因为
?tool n．方法；工具
?battle['b?tl]n.战役；战斗；较量；斗争
vt.& vi.搏斗；奋斗
rid...of使……摆脱或除去
rid[rId]vt.摆脱；除去
be satisfied with(＝be content/pleased with)
对……感到满意
care about在意
freedom['fri?d?m]n.自由；自主
would rather宁愿；宁可
keep time for sth.为某事留出时间
rather than而不是
therefore['ee?f??]adv.
因此；所以；因而
equip[I'kwIp]vt.& vi.配备；装备
sorghum['s??ɡ?m]n.高粱
ear of rice稻穗
ear of corn玉米穗
grain[ɡreIn]n.谷物；粮食；颗粒
peanut['pi?n?t]n.花生
with the hope of带着某种希望
export[Ik'sp??t]vt.& vi.
输出；出口
care for关心；喜欢；照顾
【核心素养链接】
联合国(United Nations，简称UN)成立于1945年10月，是第二次世界大战结束之后一个由主权国家组成的国际组织。联合国致力于促进各国在国际法、国际安全、经济发展、社会进步、人权及实现世界和平方面的合作。联合国在维护世界和平、缓和国际紧张局势以及解决地区冲突方面发挥着相当积极的作用。
A PIONEER① FOR ALL PEOPLE
Although he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers② himself a farmer, for he works the land③ to do his research.Indeed④， his sunburnt⑤ face and arms and his slim，strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers，for whom he has struggled⑥ for the past five decades⑦.Yuan Longping grows what is called super⑧hybrid⑨ rice.In 1973，he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output⑩.This special strain ? of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop? in the same fields．Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.
◆for whom he has struggled为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，相当于whom he has struggled for。
◆what is called super hybrid rice是what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。
◆动词不定式to grow rice作后置定语，修饰the first agricultural pioneer。当名词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，用动词不定式作定语。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词rice，且that在从句中作主语，不能省略。
◆本句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields。
◆过去分词短语produced in China作后置定语，修饰rice。
Born in 1930, Yuan Longping graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.At that time, hunger? was a disturbing? problem in many parts of the countryside.Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding? the area of the fields.In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce about fifty-six million tons of rice.In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced.These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world’s people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in the world.Yuan Longping is now circulating? his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries? to increase their rice harvests.Thanks to? his research, the UN has more tools? in the battle? to rid the world of hunger.Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
◆动词-ing短语finding ways to grow more rice在句中作主语，动词不定式短语to grow more rice作定语，修饰ways。
◆过去分词increased作定语，修饰harvests。
◆现在分词短语Using his hybrid rice作状语。
◆twice as large as...……的两倍大，属于“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”的倍数表达法。
Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life.However, he doesn’t care about being famous.He feels it gives him less freedomto do his research.He would much rather keep time forhis hobbies.He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong，swimming and reading.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.He therefore gives millions of yuan to equipothers for their research in agriculture.
◆动词-ing短语Spending money...life在句中作主语，谓语动词mean用第三人称单数形式。
Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.Long ago Yuan Longping had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum.Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people．Now, many years later, Yuan Longping has another dream: to exporthis rice so that it can be grown around the globe．One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people．
◆that could feed more people是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a kind of rice。
◆so that it can...globe中，so that引导目的状语从句。
◆who在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a person。
造福全人类的先驱者
虽然他是中国最著名的科学家之一，袁隆平却认为自己是个农民，因为他耕种土地来进行研究。的确，他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又结实的身躯，就跟其他千百万中国农民一样，过去50年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。袁隆平种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量成为可能。如今中国每年生产的稻米中超过60%出自这种杂交水稻。
袁隆平出生于1930年，1953年毕业于西南农学院。从那时起，找到生产更多稻米的方法就成了他的人生目标。年轻时，他就看到了稻米增产的巨大需求。当时，饥饿是困扰许多农村地区的问题。袁隆平要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求增收稻米的途径。1950年，中国农民能生产大约五千六百万吨稻米，而近来却生产了将近两亿吨稻米。这一粮食产量的增加意味着中国仅用7%的耕地养活了世界上22%的人口。袁隆平目前正在印度、越南和很多其他欠发达国家传播提高水稻产量的知识。多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
袁隆平对自己的生活非常满足。但是，他对成名并不在意。他觉得出名后搞科研就不那么自由了。他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。他喜欢听小提琴乐曲、搓麻将、游泳和读书。在自己身上花钱或者享受舒适的生活对他来说意义也不大。事实上，他认为一个人有了太多钱，他的麻烦事只会更多，而不是更少。因此，他拿出数百万元帮助其他人进行农业研究。
然而，梦想是不花本钱的。很久以前，袁隆平曾梦见水稻长得像高粱一样高，稻穗跟玉米穗一样大，而每粒稻米像花生米一般大。他从梦中醒来，希望能培育出一种能养活更多人的水稻。许多年后的今天，袁隆平还有另外一个梦想，那就是他的稻米可以出口以便长遍全球。一个梦想总是不够的，尤其对一个热爱和关心人民的人来说更是如此。
阅读理解
A
Today’s beef comes from animals raised on farms.So do chicken and pork.But some scientists are looking to change that.They’d like to grow just the parts that we want to eat.Create hamburgers, for example, without any cows.
Opinions differ on how best to do this.Some would start with animal cells(细胞)．Others would reach for parts of plants instead.But whatever their source is, the goals are the same：tasty meat for more people, less stress on the environment.
The idea of growing just the beef, not the whole cow, has been around since at least the 1890s. And it got a bit more real in 2013. That was when Mark Post introduced his lab-grown hamburger at a televised tasting(品尝会)．But the cost of that first burger was high—more than $300，000.No one expected to buy a burger that cost more than a car, let alone a small plant.
Other scientists want to make “meat” from plants.These dreamers are not looking to create a better “vegetable burger”．Indeed, one of these scientists, Patrick O. Brown, doesn’t like that term at all.Vegetable burgers are made from plants and have the shape of a burger.The taste is often quite different from true meat.Brown’s company, Impossible Foods in Redwood City, Calif, instead wants to make plant burgers so delicious that even those meat eaters will enjoy them and want to take another bite.
When it comes to making meat，“Animals happened to be the technology that was available 10，000 years ago，” Brown says.“We stuck with that technology.But it is unbelievably inefficient(效率低的) by any measure.” Brown believes that science can come up with something better.His team is going towards the plant path. But if the scientists can make their animal-cell-based dream affordable, he adds，“I’ll be their biggest fan.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一些研究人员想利用植物生产肉或者在实验室里种植出肉来，以减少肉类动物的养殖。
1．What do the scientists want to do?
A．Raise animals in a better way.
B．Create meat without raising animals.
C．Change the taste of chicken and pork.
D．Make much healthier burgers for people.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的They’d like to grow just the parts that we want to eat. Create hamburgers, for example, without any cows.可知，科学家们想通过不用养殖动物的方式来获得肉。
2．What can we know about Mark Post’s lab-grown hamburger?
A．It was first created in the 1890s.
B．It was made based on animal cells.
C．Its price was too high for customers.
D．Its taste was not as good as original hamburgers.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的But the cost of that first burger was high—more than $300，000.No one expected to buy a burger that cost more than a car, let alone a small plant.可知，Mark Post在实验室种植出的汉堡包价格太高。
3．What’s Patrick O．Brown’s attitude towards the traditional way of making meat?
A．Uninterested. B．Negative.
C．Hopeful. D．Supportive.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据末段的“We stuck with that technology.But it is unbelievably inefficient(效率低的) by any measure.” Brown believes that science can come up with something better.可知，Brown认为传统的用动物来获得肉的方式效率太低，他相信能找到更好的方法。故他对这种方式持消极态度。
B
As hard as you and your loved ones try to pick out the perfect present, you may need to return something.The sweater will be the wrong size, or the new coffee maker won’t match your kitchen.
Almost everyone is in the same boat, though, with almost two-thirds of shoppers making a return over the holiday season, according to data from the National Retail Foundation.With numbers like that, a “quick” return or exchange can turn into a big headache for you.Luckily, if you plan correctly, you can be in and out at once.
To avoid long lines, beat the crowds by arriving right at opening time, typically two hours before noon, says personal stylist Vanessa Valiente, creator of V-Style. “Most mornings at a store have shorter lines, but the mornings with the shortest lines are on Sundays，” she says.“This is true all through the year and continues to be true during the holidays.”
If you can’t get out on a Sunday, weekday mornings, especially Mondays and Tuesdays, usually have shorter lines too, says Sarah Hollenbeck, a shopping and savings expert.Hitting the shops on a weekday afternoon is also better than heading out after work or on a busy weekend, she says, but notes that the week after Christmas tends to be full of people no matter what.Stores offer New Year’s and after-Christmas sales, and shoppers gather for the things that weren’t checked off their Christmas lists.So many people avert that week.
But for the best-of-the-best and the worst-of-the-worst, there are two days to notice.December 26 tends to be extra busy with people rushing out to make their Christmas returns immediately, says Valiente.On the other side, shoppers are more likely to stay at home on New Year’s Day.“If you take it easy on New Year’s Eve, you can be the only one in the stores doing returns on the first day of the year，” she says.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。圣诞节后，很多人会想去商场退掉一些收到的圣诞节礼物，可是不是每天都适合去做这件事。
4．What does the author mean by saying “Almost everyone is in the same boat”？
A．People find it hard to do Christmas shopping.
B．People really like the things bought as gifts.
C．It’s common for people to receive wrong gifts.
D．It’s common for people to return Christmas gifts.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的Almost everyone is in the same boat, though, with almost two-thirds of shoppers making a return over the holiday season...可知，作者的意思是：圣诞节后很多人想去商场退掉一些他们收到的礼物。
5．What does the underlined word “avert” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Avoid. B．Fear.
C．Celebrate. D．Suggest.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段的Stores offer New Year’s and after-Christmas sales, and shoppers gather for the things that weren’t checked off their Christmas lists.可知，这一周商场一般都会很拥挤，故可知很多人会选择“避开”这一周去商场。
6．Which of the following statements would Valiente agree with?
A．Afternoon is the best time to go shopping.
B．People should rest at home on New Year’s Day.
C．New Year’s Day is the best time to return Christmas gifts.
D．We’d better return our Christmas gifts on December 26.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据末段的“If you take it easy on New Year’s Eve, you can be the only one in the stores doing returns on the first day of the year，” she says.可知，她认为新年第一天去退掉那些商品最好。
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．The best time to visit a store.
B．The best time to return Christmas gifts.
C．Some good ways to deal with Christmas gifts.
D．Some good ways to return Christmas presents.
B 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是讲圣诞节过后哪一天去商场退掉那些不需要的礼物最好。
C
The National Pass walking track is in the Blue Mountains National Park, one of the most well-known national parks in Australia.It is near Wentworth Falls, which is around 100 kilometres from Sydney (the largest city in Australia)．It is a circular walking track of 4.4km.It includes a 709m climb and takes around 3.5 hours to complete.Though the transport is not perfect, the National Pass can be readily reached by car or train.
The Grand Stairway is an unforgettable part of the National Pass.This is a zigzag stairway(which looks like a line of Z’s joined together) with 173 steps. It has been described as the tallest outdoor stairway in Australia.The Grand Stairway provides a way to the valley below Wentworth Falls.It was built around 1906 by workers who used all kinds of different tools.
Along a great part of this track is the amazing waterfalls which hikers(远足者) pass by, through, and over.These include the Empress Falls.This is a wonderful waterfall in the Valley of the Waters.It goes down a series of rocks to a pool.There are stepping stones for hikers to cross the falls and some shady spots where tired travelers can rest.
In 2002 the National Parks and Wildlife Service started repair work on the National Pass.This work took several years and the project was awarded recognition from UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) and the National Trust of Australia.
It is worthwhile to choose a guided tour package for the National Pass.The walk costs around $135 per person and requires good health and physical condition.It takes the hiker through valleys, thick forests and ends with a lovely picnic lunch.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳洲蓝山国家公园的国家山口步行小道。
8．What do we learn about the National Pass?
A．You can finish it in one or two hours.
B．It is a track that is close to Sydney.
C．You can get there on foot only.
D．It ends where it begins.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的It is a circular walking track of 4.4km.可知，国家山口步行小道是一条环形路线。
9．Which of the following best describes the Grand Stairway?
A．It is under the valley below Wentworth Falls.
B．It was built with the help of UNESCO.
C．It is the longest stairway in Australia.
D．It has a history of over one century.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的It was built around 1906 by workers who used all kinds of different tools.可知，大阶梯有一百多年的历史了。
10．What will be exciting for a traveler?
A．The clear pools near the track.
B．The waterfalls along the track.
C．The traditional native culture.
D．The beautiful rocks on the mountains.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的Along a great part of this track is the amazing waterfalls which hikers(远足者) pass by, through, and over.可知，一路上的瀑布会让旅行者感到激动。
11．What should hikers know about the track?
A．They must be strong enough to walk it.
B．Some parts of it are quite dangerous.
C．It is being repaired at the moment.
D．Meals are sold during the walk.
A 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的requires good health and physical condition.可知，步行者应该知道，他们必须足够强壮才能完成这里的旅行。
七选五
According to medical experts, people do not need food as much as they need water.If you are in good physical shape, you are likely to survive longer.In fact, the body stores fat and other forms of energy.The fatter you are, the more fat your body can store.1.________
The survival time without food also depends on how fast a person burns food.Those who use up food energy faster will probably not survive as long as those who burn food energy more slowly.
Climate also plays an important role in it.2.________ However, hot climate allows you to go on longer without replacing food.
3．________ It may lead to physical weakness or confusion.After many weeks without food, your body organs can fail one after another.Even so, people can still survive without food for up to two months as long as they have enough to drink.
However, living without water can be a very different story.Every minute, we lose water through breathing and other activities.The water that our bodies lose must be replaced so that our organs can work properly.4.________ Otherwise, we may suffer a heat stroke(中暑)．
Dehydration(严重脱水) can lead to many illnesses.In the beginning, you may just suffer a dry mouth or a fast heartbeat.5.________ Therefore, you should never go on without water for a day or more.
A．Water helps us cool down in the heat.
B．However, we can’t live long without water.
C．That is why fatter people can survive longer.
D．Cold weather makes you use up more energy.
E．Eating too much is not necessary in our daily life.
F．But a few weeks later, you may be in a state of shock.
G．Eating too little causes your body to react in some special ways.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要指出了相比于食物，人们存活更需要水。人体内可以存储一些脂肪和能量备用，而呼吸和其他身体活动却随时随地在消耗人体内的水分。
1．C 解析：此空设于段尾，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的That指代的是前一句中提到的The fatter you are, the more fat your body can store.。
2．D 解析：此空设于段中，是对前一句的进一步解释。此句和后一句都是对前一句的进一步解释。前一句指出，气候在人们存活的过程中扮演着很重要的角色，此句和后一句分别提出冷天气和炎热的气候是如何具体影响的。
3．G 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。此句提出，吃得太少会使身体作出一些特殊的反应，接着后文再具体描述这些反应。
4．A 解析：此空设于段中，与后文存在转折关系。本段主要是讲缺水可能会带来的后果。后一句句意为“否则，我们可能会中暑。”由此可推测，此句是提出水可以使我们在炎热的天气凉快下来。
5．F 解析：此空设于段中，是对第一句的进一步解释。第一句指出，严重脱水可以导致很多疾病，接着提出了刚开始的后果。所以可推测，此句是表明几周后，你可能会处于休克状态。
课件44张PPT。Unit 2 Working the landUnit 2 Working the landUnit 2 Working the landUnit 2 Working the landUnit 2 Working the landUnit 2 Working the landstruggledecadeexpandridthereforecrophungerdisturbing freedomequipexport personality数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料晒黑的特级的；超级的产量；输出循环；流传谷物；粮食；颗粒花生工作；职业；占领thanks torid...ofbe satisfied withcare aboutwould rathermake a differenceIf sowhat is calledmakes it possible totwice as large as beforehungry让步状语目的状语非限制性定语ricepioneer本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
阅读理解
A
Today’s beef comes from animals raised on farms.So do chicken and pork.But some scientists are looking to change that.They’d like to grow just the parts that we want to eat.Create hamburgers, for example, without any cows.
Opinions differ on how best to do this.Some would start with animal cells(细胞)．Others would reach for parts of plants instead.But whatever their source is, the goals are the same：tasty meat for more people, less stress on the environment.
The idea of growing just the beef, not the whole cow, has been around since at least the 1890s. And it got a bit more real in 2013. That was when Mark Post introduced his lab-grown hamburger at a televised tasting(品尝会)．But the cost of that first burger was high—more than $300，000.No one expected to buy a burger that cost more than a car, let alone a small plant.
Other scientists want to make “meat” from plants.These dreamers are not looking to create a better “vegetable burger”．Indeed, one of these scientists, Patrick O. Brown, doesn’t like that term at all.Vegetable burgers are made from plants and have the shape of a burger.The taste is often quite different from true meat.Brown’s company, Impossible Foods in Redwood City, Calif, instead wants to make plant burgers so delicious that even those meat eaters will enjoy them and want to take another bite.
When it comes to making meat，“Animals happened to be the technology that was available 10，000 years ago，” Brown says.“We stuck with that technology.But it is unbelievably inefficient(效率低的) by any measure.” Brown believes that science can come up with something better.His team is going towards the plant path. But if the scientists can make their animal-cell-based dream affordable, he adds，“I’ll be their biggest fan.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一些研究人员想利用植物生产肉或者在实验室里种植出肉来，以减少肉类动物的养殖。
1．What do the scientists want to do?
A．Raise animals in a better way.
B．Create meat without raising animals.
C．Change the taste of chicken and pork.
D．Make much healthier burgers for people.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的They’d like to grow just the parts that we want to eat. Create hamburgers, for example, without any cows.可知，科学家们想通过不用养殖动物的方式来获得肉。
2．What can we know about Mark Post’s lab-grown hamburger?
A．It was first created in the 1890s.
B．It was made based on animal cells.
C．Its price was too high for customers.
D．Its taste was not as good as original hamburgers.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的But the cost of that first burger was high—more than $300，000.No one expected to buy a burger that cost more than a car, let alone a small plant.可知，Mark Post在实验室种植出的汉堡包价格太高。
3．What’s Patrick O．Brown’s attitude towards the traditional way of making meat?
A．Uninterested. B．Negative.
C．Hopeful. D．Supportive.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据末段的“We stuck with that technology.But it is unbelievably inefficient(效率低的) by any measure.” Brown believes that science can come up with something better.可知，Brown认为传统的用动物来获得肉的方式效率太低，他相信能找到更好的方法。故他对这种方式持消极态度。
B
As hard as you and your loved ones try to pick out the perfect present, you may need to return something.The sweater will be the wrong size, or the new coffee maker won’t match your kitchen.
Almost everyone is in the same boat, though, with almost two-thirds of shoppers making a return over the holiday season, according to data from the National Retail Foundation.With numbers like that, a “quick” return or exchange can turn into a big headache for you.Luckily, if you plan correctly, you can be in and out at once.
To avoid long lines, beat the crowds by arriving right at opening time, typically two hours before noon, says personal stylist Vanessa Valiente, creator of V-Style. “Most mornings at a store have shorter lines, but the mornings with the shortest lines are on Sundays，” she says.“This is true all through the year and continues to be true during the holidays.”
If you can’t get out on a Sunday, weekday mornings, especially Mondays and Tuesdays, usually have shorter lines too, says Sarah Hollenbeck, a shopping and savings expert.Hitting the shops on a weekday afternoon is also better than heading out after work or on a busy weekend, she says, but notes that the week after Christmas tends to be full of people no matter what.Stores offer New Year’s and after-Christmas sales, and shoppers gather for the things that weren’t checked off their Christmas lists.So many people avert that week.
But for the best-of-the-best and the worst-of-the-worst, there are two days to notice.December 26 tends to be extra busy with people rushing out to make their Christmas returns immediately, says Valiente.On the other side, shoppers are more likely to stay at home on New Year’s Day.“If you take it easy on New Year’s Eve, you can be the only one in the stores doing returns on the first day of the year，” she says.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。圣诞节后，很多人会想去商场退掉一些收到的圣诞节礼物，可是不是每天都适合去做这件事。
4．What does the author mean by saying “Almost everyone is in the same boat”？
A．People find it hard to do Christmas shopping.
B．People really like the things bought as gifts.
C．It’s common for people to receive wrong gifts.
D．It’s common for people to return Christmas gifts.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的Almost everyone is in the same boat, though, with almost two-thirds of shoppers making a return over the holiday season...可知，作者的意思是：圣诞节后很多人想去商场退掉一些他们收到的礼物。
5．What does the underlined word “avert” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Avoid. B．Fear.
C．Celebrate. D．Suggest.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段的Stores offer New Year’s and after-Christmas sales, and shoppers gather for the things that weren’t checked off their Christmas lists.可知，这一周商场一般都会很拥挤，故可知很多人会选择“避开”这一周去商场。
6．Which of the following statements would Valiente agree with?
A．Afternoon is the best time to go shopping.
B．People should rest at home on New Year’s Day.
C．New Year’s Day is the best time to return Christmas gifts.
D．We’d better return our Christmas gifts on December 26.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据末段的“If you take it easy on New Year’s Eve, you can be the only one in the stores doing returns on the first day of the year，” she says.可知，她认为新年第一天去退掉那些商品最好。
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．The best time to visit a store.
B．The best time to return Christmas gifts.
C．Some good ways to deal with Christmas gifts.
D．Some good ways to return Christmas presents.
B 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是讲圣诞节过后哪一天去商场退掉那些不需要的礼物最好。
C
The National Pass walking track is in the Blue Mountains National Park, one of the most well-known national parks in Australia.It is near Wentworth Falls, which is around 100 kilometres from Sydney (the largest city in Australia)．It is a circular walking track of 4.4km.It includes a 709m climb and takes around 3.5 hours to complete.Though the transport is not perfect, the National Pass can be readily reached by car or train.
The Grand Stairway is an unforgettable part of the National Pass.This is a zigzag stairway(which looks like a line of Z’s joined together) with 173 steps. It has been described as the tallest outdoor stairway in Australia.The Grand Stairway provides a way to the valley below Wentworth Falls.It was built around 1906 by workers who used all kinds of different tools.
Along a great part of this track is the amazing waterfalls which hikers(远足者) pass by, through, and over.These include the Empress Falls.This is a wonderful waterfall in the Valley of the Waters.It goes down a series of rocks to a pool.There are stepping stones for hikers to cross the falls and some shady spots where tired travelers can rest.
In 2002 the National Parks and Wildlife Service started repair work on the National Pass.This work took several years and the project was awarded recognition from UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) and the National Trust of Australia.
It is worthwhile to choose a guided tour package for the National Pass.The walk costs around $135 per person and requires good health and physical condition.It takes the hiker through valleys, thick forests and ends with a lovely picnic lunch.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳洲蓝山国家公园的国家山口步行小道。
8．What do we learn about the National Pass?
A．You can finish it in one or two hours.
B．It is a track that is close to Sydney.
C．You can get there on foot only.
D．It ends where it begins.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的It is a circular walking track of 4.4km.可知，国家山口步行小道是一条环形路线。
9．Which of the following best describes the Grand Stairway?
A．It is under the valley below Wentworth Falls.
B．It was built with the help of UNESCO.
C．It is the longest stairway in Australia.
D．It has a history of over one century.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的It was built around 1906 by workers who used all kinds of different tools.可知，大阶梯有一百多年的历史了。
10．What will be exciting for a traveler?
A．The clear pools near the track.
B．The waterfalls along the track.
C．The traditional native culture.
D．The beautiful rocks on the mountains.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的Along a great part of this track is the amazing waterfalls which hikers(远足者) pass by, through, and over.可知，一路上的瀑布会让旅行者感到激动。
11．What should hikers know about the track?
A．They must be strong enough to walk it.
B．Some parts of it are quite dangerous.
C．It is being repaired at the moment.
D．Meals are sold during the walk.
A 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的requires good health and physical condition.可知，步行者应该知道，他们必须足够强壮才能完成这里的旅行。
七选五
According to medical experts, people do not need food as much as they need water.If you are in good physical shape, you are likely to survive longer.In fact, the body stores fat and other forms of energy.The fatter you are, the more fat your body can store.1.________
The survival time without food also depends on how fast a person burns food.Those who use up food energy faster will probably not survive as long as those who burn food energy more slowly.
Climate also plays an important role in it.2.________ However, hot climate allows you to go on longer without replacing food.
3．________ It may lead to physical weakness or confusion.After many weeks without food, your body organs can fail one after another.Even so, people can still survive without food for up to two months as long as they have enough to drink.
However, living without water can be a very different story.Every minute, we lose water through breathing and other activities.The water that our bodies lose must be replaced so that our organs can work properly.4.________ Otherwise, we may suffer a heat stroke(中暑)．
Dehydration(严重脱水) can lead to many illnesses.In the beginning, you may just suffer a dry mouth or a fast heartbeat.5.________ Therefore, you should never go on without water for a day or more.
A．Water helps us cool down in the heat.
B．However, we can’t live long without water.
C．That is why fatter people can survive longer.
D．Cold weather makes you use up more energy.
E．Eating too much is not necessary in our daily life.
F．But a few weeks later, you may be in a state of shock.
G．Eating too little causes your body to react in some special ways.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要指出了相比于食物，人们存活更需要水。人体内可以存储一些脂肪和能量备用，而呼吸和其他身体活动却随时随地在消耗人体内的水分。
1．C 解析：此空设于段尾，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的That指代的是前一句中提到的The fatter you are, the more fat your body can store.。
2．D 解析：此空设于段中，是对前一句的进一步解释。此句和后一句都是对前一句的进一步解释。前一句指出，气候在人们存活的过程中扮演着很重要的角色，此句和后一句分别提出冷天气和炎热的气候是如何具体影响的。
3．G 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。此句提出，吃得太少会使身体作出一些特殊的反应，接着后文再具体描述这些反应。
4．A 解析：此空设于段中，与后文存在转折关系。本段主要是讲缺水可能会带来的后果。后一句句意为“否则，我们可能会中暑。”由此可推测，此句是提出水可以使我们在炎热的天气凉快下来。
5．F 解析：此空设于段中，是对第一句的进一步解释。第一句指出，严重脱水可以导致很多疾病，接着提出了刚开始的后果。所以可推测，此句是表明几周后，你可能会处于休克状态。
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
struggle vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力
(经典例句)She never gave up and struggled to lead an active life.
她从来没有放弃，努力过着一种积极的生活。
struggle for 努力争取……；为……而斗争
struggle against 与……作斗争
struggle with 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
①We have to struggle with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
我们必须和来自国内外的各种各样的困难作斗争。
②She is struggling to bring up a family on a very low income.
她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Her mother has been struggling against/with her illness for many years.
②Workers are struggling for a clean canteen and healthy food.
③Some farmers have to leave their hometown and go to work in cities, struggling(struggle) to increase their incomes.
[能力提升]——微写作
④他被一辆摩托车撞倒后受了重伤，不得不挣扎着站起来。
Knocked down by a motorbike, he was badly hurt and had__to__struggle__to__his__feet．
disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
(教材P10)At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.
当时，饥饿是困扰许多农村地区的问题。
(1)disturbed adj. 心神不宁的；担心的
(2)disturb vt. 打扰；弄乱；使不安
①The news that I failed this time is quite disturbing.
我这次失败的消息让人十分烦恼。
②If you get up early, please don’t disturb your father.
如果你起床早，请不要打扰你的父亲。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①During his childhood, he led a hard life and had some disturbing(disturb) experiences.
②As far as I know，she is becoming more and more disturbed(disturb)．
③He felt disturbed(disturb) when he heard his mother was ill.
thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为
(教材P10)Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。
(1)because of 因为；由于
(2)as a result of 作为……的结果；由于
①Thanks to their selfless support, we have made such achievements.
多亏了他们无私的支持，我们才取得了这样的成就。
②Thanks to your timely help, I could finish my work ahead of schedule.
多亏了你及时的帮助，我才能提前完成工作。
[能力提升]——一句多译
由于他的鼓励，学生们学习比以前更努力了。
①Thanks__to__his__encouragement,__students study harder than before.
②Because__of__his__encouragement,__students study harder than before.
③As__a__result__of__his__encouragement,__students study harder than before.
rid...of 使……摆脱或除去
(教材P10)Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.
多亏了他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。
(1)be rid of 摆脱(状态)
get rid of 摆脱；丢弃；扔掉(动作)
(2)rid oneself of 摆脱；从……中解脱
①As a matter of fact, it’s not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit.
事实上， 去掉坏习惯是不容易的。
②Many people think it necessary to rid the world of nuclear weapons.
很多人认为很有必要使世界摆脱核武器。
[能力提升]——一句多译
如果你想在学习上取得进步，你必须摆脱粗心大意。
①If you want to make progress in your study, you must get__rid__of__your__carelessness．
②If you want to make progress in your study, you must rid__yourself__of__carelessness．
be/feel satisfied with 对……感到满意
(教材P10)Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life.
袁隆平对自己的生活非常满足。
(1)satisfy vt. 使满意
(2)satisfying adj. 令人满意的
(3)satisfaction n. 满意
to one’s satisfaction 令人满意的是
①He is a modest man and never feels satisfied with his present achievements.
他是一个谦虚的人，对自己现在的成就从不感到满足。
②The young man found it hard to satisfy his boss, so he left.
这个年轻人发现很难让老板满意，于是他离开了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①From the satisfied smile on her face，we can see the performance was satisfying．(satisfy)
②Much to my satisfaction(satisfy), my boss agreed to my suggestion.
③I don’t think your delivery is satisfying(satisfy), for I can’t find more information about shipment after March 18th.
would rather 宁愿；宁可
(教材P10)He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。
①I would rather fail than cheat in the examination.
我宁可考试不及格，也不愿意作弊。
②Mary is feeling upset. I would rather I hadn’t told her the bad news.
玛丽感到沮丧，我要是没把这个坏消息告诉她就好了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I would rather play basketball than sleep(sleep) all day long at weekends.
②She would rather you came(come) tomorrow than today.
[能力提升]——一句多译
为了过低碳生活，一些人宁愿坐公交也不愿开车去上班。
③To live a low-carbon life, some people would__rather__take__the__bus__than__drive__a__car to work.(would rather do...than do...)
④To live a low-carbon life, some people would__take__the__bus__rather__than__drive__a__car to work.(would do...rather than do...)
⑤Some people prefer__to__take__the__bus__rather__than__drive__a__car to work so that they can live a low-carbon life. (prefer to do...rather than do...)
equip vt. & vi.配备；装备
(教材P10)He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.
因此，他拿出数百万元帮助其他人进行农业研究。
(1)equip sb.for sth. 使某人具备某物
equip...with... 用……装备……
be equipped with 装(配)备；安装
(2)equipment n. 装备；设备(不可数名词)
①Most parents want to equip their children with a good education. 大多数父母想让他们的孩子接受良好的教育。
②Every classroom in this modern school is equipped with a new computer.
这所现代化的学校里每个教室都配有一台新电脑。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Your training will equip you for your future job.
②The company has bought a lot of new equipment(equip) since the new manager came to power.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)He__is__equipped__with(具备) much experience in teaching, so he is well respected by all his students.
④(高级表达)Equipped__with__much__experience__in__teaching,__he is well respected by all his students.(过去分词短语作状语)
if条件状语从句的省略形式
(教材P9)If so, what did you do to grow them?
如果这样的话，你做了些什么来种植这些植物呢？
if so“如果这样的话”，so代替前面句子的肯定内容，构成省略条件句，语意可由上下文得知。if not“如果不这样的话”，与if so意义相反。其他if条件状语从句的省略形式：
if necessary 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if any 如果有的话
if ever 如果曾经有过的话
①Did you cheat in the exam？If so, you won’t get away with it.
你在考试中作弊了吗？如果这样的话，你不会逃脱惩罚的。
②(全国卷Ⅲ)If not, let me know what time suits you best.
如果不行的话，告诉我什么时间最适合你。
③If necessary, you can turn to me for help.
必要的话，你可以向我求助。
[能力提升]——微写作
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我是李华， 我想知道周末你是否有空。如果有空让我们面谈有关餐桌礼仪的问题。
I’m Li Hua. I’m wondering if you are available at the weekend. If__so,__let’s__have__a__face-to-face__talk__about table manners.
it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语
(教材P10)This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量成为可能。
“make/find/think/feel＋it＋n./adj.＋动词不定式(短语)/动名词(短语)/从句”结构中，it用作形式宾语，相应的动词不定式(短语)/动名词(短语)/从句则是真正的宾语。
①We all consider it worthwhile to argue with them about this matter.
我们都认为，跟他们争论此事是值得的。
②The new law makes it possible for us to live without smoking.
新的法律使我们生活在无烟环境中成为可能。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I find it no use advising(advise) him to give up smoking.
②I must make it clear that I’ll always support you.
③She feels it her duty to__take(take) good care of her sick mother.
倍数表达法
(教材P10)Using his hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
用他的杂交水稻种子，农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍。
twice as large as...意为“……的两倍大”，为倍数表达的句型之一。常见的倍数表达法：
(1)倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as...
(2)倍数＋比较级＋than...
(3)倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，width，height，weight...)＋of...
①The dictionary is exactly five times as expensive as that one.
这本字典的价格是那本的五倍。
②This building is five times higher than that one.
这座楼比那座楼高五倍。
[能力提升]——一句多译
新建的阅览室比旧阅览室大三倍。
①The newly-built reading-room is three__times__bigger__than the old one.
②The newly-built reading-room is four__times__as__big__as the old one.
③The newly-built reading-room is four__times__the__size__of the old one.
品句填词
1．Fishermen with sunburnt(晒黑的) faces sat on the beach mending their nets.
2．Martin Luther King led the struggle(斗争) for equal rights for blacks.
3．Mr Smith gave up his occupation(职业) as a doctor and became a teacher.
4．Richard is American, and John is British—they have different nationalities(国籍)．
5．I can’t believe that enormous meal wasn’t enough to satisfy your hunger(饥饿)．
6．The average output(产量) of the factory is 20 cars a day.
7．The main crops(农作物) grown in this area are coffee and rice.
8．The hotel wants to expand(扩大) its business by adding a swimming pool.
9．Our clothes sell so well in this country that we have no need to export(出口)．
10．A decade(十年) ago, the city had no modern industry worth speaking of.
完成句子
1．多亏了他的建议，我才实现了梦想。
It was thanks__to__his__advice that I achieved my dream.
2．因此，他决定使人们摆脱饥饿。
Therefore, he was determined to__rid__people__of__hunger．
3．这本字典比那本恰好贵五倍。
The dictionary is exactly five__times__more__expensive__than that one.
4．袁先生把自己的知识传播到其他国家，希望能帮助他们的人民。
Mr Yuan circulated his knowledge to other countries with__the__hope__of__helping__their__people．
5．爱丽丝是昨天下午最后一个离开办公室的人。
Alice was the last person to__leave__the__office yesterday afternoon.
6．尽管泰德只有十岁，他却爱上了被称为京剧的东西。
Though he is only ten, Ted falls in love with what__is__called Beijing Opera.
课文语法填空
Yuan Longping is one of China’s most famous scientists. He grows 1.what is called super hybrid rice.In 1973, Mr Yuan became the first agricultural pioneer in the world 2.to__grow(grow) rice with a high output.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% 3.more(much) of the crop in the same fields.
Yuan Longping graduated from college in 1953, when hunger was 4.a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.He was determined to search for a way to increase rice harvests without 5.expanding(expand) the area of the fields.Thanks 6.to his research, rice harvests in China increased greatly.Now, his knowledge 7.is__being__circulated(circulate) to many countries to help rid their people of hunger.
Quite satisfied with his life, Yuan cares little about being famous.He would much rather have more 8.freedom(free) to do his research and keep time for his hobbies.In addition, he gives millions of yuan to equip others for 9.their(they) research in agriculture.
Apart from his dream about rice 10.being__planted(plant), Yuan’s another dream is to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.
单句语法填空
1．Having spent the whole afternoon playing on the beach without protection, he became sunburnt(sunburn)．
2．Many people in this country are dying of hunger(hungry) every day.
3．In just two decades(decade), the village has grown into a fishing port with a population of around 5，000 people.
4．Tom said he had some disturbing(disturb) news to share with me.
5．Mr Smith borrowed a large amount of money from the bank to__expand(expand) his business.
6．Your education equips(equip) you to earn a good living in the future.
7．The boss hoped that his products could be__exported(export) to European countries.
8．Henry has German nationality(nation), but he grew up in the United States.
9．My mother would rather I focused(focus) more attention on my study.
10．Susan made it clear that she wished to study abroad.
阅读理解
From the nation’s earliest days, farming has played a very important role in American economy and culture.Early in the nation’s life, farmers were seen as typical examples of economic qualities such as hard-working, honest, kind-hearted and independent.
American farmers think a number of factors lead to the success of their agriculture：The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world.Rainfall is enough over most areas of the country；even in some areas where there is not enough rainfall, the rivers and underground water can also support the farming.Besides, large capital investments(资本投入) and highly trained farmers have also been used to develop American agriculture.
The first two decades of the 20th century turned out to be the golden age of American agriculture.Farm prices were high as the demand(需求) for goods increased and land values rose.With the development of technology, the food production continued to increase.The good years of the early 20th century ended with falling prices following World War Ⅰ.At the end of World War Ⅱ， the farm economy faced the challenge of overproduction.During that time, because of progress in technology, some advanced machines and chemicals related to farming were widely used, and that meant production per hectare(公顷) was higher than ever.Today, we see a different set of farms trying to meet consumers’ demands all over the world.
We can see a lot of changes on American agriculture over time.In 1940, there were 6 million farms averaging 67 hectares each.By the late 1990s, there were only about 2.2 million farms averaging 190 hectares in size.During the same period, farm employment decreased greatly—from 12.5 million in 1930 to 1.2 million in the 1990s.While production has doubled over the last 50 years, the number of farms has dropped by more than two-thirds.Today, about 150，000 American farmers produce most of our food.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国农业的历史及发展状况。
1．What did people think of farmers in America’s early days?
A．People thought very highly of them.
B．People didn’t like some of their lifestyles.
C．They didn’t get enough attention from the society.
D．They were important for the development of technology.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的farmers were seen as typical examples of economic qualities such as hard-working, honest, kind-hearted and independent可知，在美国历史上，人们对农民的评价很高。
2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．Why American agriculture is successful.
B．The social support for American agriculture.
C．How American farmers develop their agriculture.
D．The natural environment for American agriculture.
A 解析：段落大意题。通读第二段内容可知，本段主要讲述了美国农业之所以取得成功是有很多方面的原因的，并列举了一些原因。
3．How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 3?
A．By giving examples.
B．By giving descriptions.
C．By following the order of time.
D．By following the order of importance.
C 解析：篇章结构题。根据第三段中的The first two decades of the 20th century, World War Ⅰ， At the end of World War Ⅱ和Today等信息点可知，第三段是按时间顺序展开的。
完形填空
Nico Leonardo is very famous in his town.__1__ he is only twelve years old, he has already founded his own free private school to help other children and even some adults with their studies.
Nico loves to __2__， and he wants to pass his passion(激情) for education to others.After seeing some of his classmates __3__ to keep up at school and some children spending much time playing and __4__ their studies, he made up his mind to __5__ it. Last year, he told his grandmother that he wanted to__6__ his own school and asked her to help him build it next to her __7__. She agreed, and today Nico’s school has nearly 40 students. He is __8__ that his school has already made a __9__ for many of the children attending there.
Nico’s school is pretty __10__ and poorly equipped compared with most regular schools.__11__， with the help of some kind neighbors, it’s getting better every day. The school has benches(长凳) and desks, a small __12__ with about 100 books, blackboards and even a bell. But what’s most __13__ is the quality of the education and Nico’s devotion to helping others. Nico lives 20 minutes away from his grandmother’s home, but every day he rides to his school to teach classes on different __14__， like math and English. Even if it is a snowy or rainy day, he will never __15__ any classes. Sometimes, when his students cannot attend the school __16__， he runs the classes at night to ensure they don’t __17__ on their studies.
Although most students are __18__ than Nico, there are a few adults attending classes at the school as well. He does his best to help the students __19__ their academic performances, and many say that attending his school has paid off. “I really __20__ what Nico is doing for us and just because of him, I’m now doing well in my studies，” one student said.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了12岁的Nico Leonardo自己开设学校的故事。
1．A.Because B．Unless
C．Although D．Until
C 解析：根据语境可知，此句意为：尽管他只有12岁，但是他已经成立了自己的免费私人学校来帮助其他孩子甚至成年人学习。所以此处用连词Although，表示“尽管”。
2．A.share B．explore
C．study D．think
C 解析：根据下文的and he wants to pass his passion(激情) for education to others可知，他喜欢学习，并且很想把他对于教育的激情传递给他人。
3．A.struggling B．preparing
C．pretending D．choosing
A 解析：根据下文的to keep up at school可知，Nico看到有些同学学习非常吃力。
4．A.continuing B．ignoring
C．finishing D．reporting
B 解析：根据上文的some children spending much time playing可知，此句意为：他也看到有些孩子经常玩耍而忽视学习。
5．A.explain B．punish
C．change D．challenge
C 解析：根据上下文的内容可推测，此处表达：当他看到这些情况时，他下定决心改变这种状况。
6．A.describe B．invent
C．design D．run
D 解析：根据下文的his own school可推测，Nico非常想开设一所自己的学校。
7．A.hospital B．house
C．store D．farm
B 解析：根据下文的Nico lives 20 minutes away from his grandmother’s home可知，他想把学校设在奶奶家的附近。
8．A.proud B．ashamed
C．afraid D．confused
A 解析：根据上文的She agreed, and today Nico’s school has nearly 40 students.以及his school...for many of the children attending there可推测，此句表达：Nico感到很自豪。
9．A.decision B．promise
C．difference D．plan
C 解析：根据下文的内容可知，他的学校对来上学的学生有一定的影响。make a difference意为“发挥作用，有影响”。
10．A.strange B．special
C．popular D．small
D 解析：根据下文的and poorly equipped compared with most regular schools可推测，此处表达：Nico的学校相当小。
11．A.Besides B．Instead
C．Therefore D．However
D 解析：根据下文的with the help of some kind neighbors, it’s getting better every day可知，此处表达：然而在热心邻居的帮助下，学校越办越好。
12．A.shop B．library
C．box D．corner
B 解析：根据上文的The school has benches(长凳) and desks，和下文的blackboards and even a bell可推测，此处表达：他的学校有一个大约100多本书的图书馆。
13．A.successful B．impressive
C．obvious D．interesting
B 解析：根据下文的the quality of the education and Nico’s devotion to helping others可知，此处表达：学校虽然有桌椅、图书馆、黑板等，但最大的亮点是教育的质量和他帮助别人的衷心。
14．A.aspects B．levels
C．themes D．subjects
D 解析：根据下文的like math and English可知，Nico教不同的科目。
15．A.avoid B．forget
C．repeat D．miss
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处表达：不论是下雨天还是下雪天，他都不会不去上课。
16．A.naturally B．commonly
C．regularly D．unbelievably
C 解析：根据上文的cannot attend the school和下文的he runs the classes at night可知，有一些学生无法按时上课，Nico改在晚上给他们上课。
17．A.lose heart B．fall behind
C．make mistakes D．break through
B 解析：根据上文的when his students cannot attend the school和he runs the classes at night可推测，他晚上给他们上课，目的是不让他们在学习上落后。
18．A.younger B．poorer
C．cleverer D．taller
A 解析：根据连词Although可知，前后两句存在逻辑上的让步关系，再根据后文的there are a few adults attending classes at the school as well可知，此处表达：尽管大多数的学生都比他年轻，但是仍然有一些成年人也在这个学校上课。
19．A.predict B．show
C．test D．improve
D 解析：根据下文可知，此处表达：他尽力帮助学生们提高学习成绩。
20．A.appreciate B．understand
C．refuse D．doubt
A 解析：根据下文的and just because of him, I’m now doing well in my studies可推测，此处表达：我很感激Nico为我们所做的一切。
用所给词的适当形式填空
If you are planning to come to Poland as a tourist, you will have plenty of interesting places to choose from. People who enjoy 1.hiking(hike) should consider 2.going(go) to the mountains, in the south of Poland. You don’t have to book accommodation(住宿) in advance as you will certainly manage 3.to__find(find) a local person who will offer to put you up at a very reasonable price.
If you love sailing and you don’t mind 4.being__bitten(bite) by mosquitoes, you can go to the lakes in the northeast. You can either choose 5.to__take(take) a ride in a boat or go camping and practise 6.cooking(cook) on an open fire next to a lake.
The coast in Poland is cold but it’s beautiful. If you can’t stand 7.staying(stay) in a crowded seaside town or can’t afford 8.to__pay(pay) for a big hotel, arrange to stay in one of the many small coastal villages. You certainly won’t risk 9.meeting(meet) too many people if you decide 10.to__go(go) for a long walk along the beach.
课件33张PPT。Unit 2 Working the landagainst/withforstrugglinghad to struggle to his feetdisturbingdisturbeddisturbedThanks to his encouragementBecause of his encouragementAs a result of his encouragementget rid of your carelessnessrid yourself of carelessnesssatisfiedsatisfyingsatisfactionsatisfyingsleepcamewould rather take thewould take the busprefer to take the bus rather than drive a carbus than drive a carrather than drive a carforequipmentis equipped withEquipped with much experience in teachingIf so, let’s have a face-to-face talk aboutadvisingitto takethree times bigger thanfour times as big asfour times the size of 本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Fishermen with sunburnt(晒黑的) faces sat on the beach mending their nets.
2．Martin Luther King led the struggle(斗争) for equal rights for blacks.
3．Mr Smith gave up his occupation(职业) as a doctor and became a teacher.
4．Richard is American, and John is British—they have different nationalities(国籍)．
5．I can’t believe that enormous meal wasn’t enough to satisfy your hunger(饥饿)．
6．The average output(产量) of the factory is 20 cars a day.
7．The main crops(农作物) grown in this area are coffee and rice.
8．The hotel wants to expand(扩大) its business by adding a swimming pool.
9．Our clothes sell so well in this country that we have no need to export(出口)．
10．A decade(十年) ago, the city had no modern industry worth speaking of.
完成句子
1．多亏了他的建议，我才实现了梦想。
It was thanks__to__his__advice that I achieved my dream.
2．因此，他决定使人们摆脱饥饿。
Therefore, he was determined to__rid__people__of__hunger．
3．这本字典比那本恰好贵五倍。
The dictionary is exactly five__times__more__expensive__than that one.
4．袁先生把自己的知识传播到其他国家，希望能帮助他们的人民。
Mr Yuan circulated his knowledge to other countries with__the__hope__of__helping__their__people．
5．爱丽丝是昨天下午最后一个离开办公室的人。
Alice was the last person to__leave__the__office yesterday afternoon.
6．尽管泰德只有十岁，他却爱上了被称为京剧的东西。
Though he is only ten, Ted falls in love with what__is__called Beijing Opera.
课文语法填空
Yuan Longping is one of China’s most famous scientists. He grows 1.what is called super hybrid rice.In 1973, Mr Yuan became the first agricultural pioneer in the world 2.to__grow(grow) rice with a high output.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% 3.more(much) of the crop in the same fields.
Yuan Longping graduated from college in 1953, when hunger was 4.a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.He was determined to search for a way to increase rice harvests without 5.expanding(expand) the area of the fields.Thanks 6.to his research, rice harvests in China increased greatly.Now, his knowledge 7.is__being__circulated(circulate) to many countries to help rid their people of hunger.
Quite satisfied with his life, Yuan cares little about being famous.He would much rather have more 8.freedom(free) to do his research and keep time for his hobbies.In addition, he gives millions of yuan to equip others for 9.their(they) research in agriculture.
Apart from his dream about rice 10.being__planted(plant), Yuan’s another dream is to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe.
单句语法填空
1．Having spent the whole afternoon playing on the beach without protection, he became sunburnt(sunburn)．
2．Many people in this country are dying of hunger(hungry) every day.
3．In just two decades(decade), the village has grown into a fishing port with a population of around 5，000 people.
4．Tom said he had some disturbing(disturb) news to share with me.
5．Mr Smith borrowed a large amount of money from the bank to__expand(expand) his business.
6．Your education equips(equip) you to earn a good living in the future.
7．The boss hoped that his products could be__exported(export) to European countries.
8．Henry has German nationality(nation), but he grew up in the United States.
9．My mother would rather I focused(focus) more attention on my study.
10．Susan made it clear that she wished to study abroad.
阅读理解
From the nation’s earliest days, farming has played a very important role in American economy and culture.Early in the nation’s life, farmers were seen as typical examples of economic qualities such as hard-working, honest, kind-hearted and independent.
American farmers think a number of factors lead to the success of their agriculture：The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world.Rainfall is enough over most areas of the country；even in some areas where there is not enough rainfall, the rivers and underground water can also support the farming.Besides, large capital investments(资本投入) and highly trained farmers have also been used to develop American agriculture.
The first two decades of the 20th century turned out to be the golden age of American agriculture.Farm prices were high as the demand(需求) for goods increased and land values rose.With the development of technology, the food production continued to increase.The good years of the early 20th century ended with falling prices following World War Ⅰ.At the end of World War Ⅱ， the farm economy faced the challenge of overproduction.During that time, because of progress in technology, some advanced machines and chemicals related to farming were widely used, and that meant production per hectare(公顷) was higher than ever.Today, we see a different set of farms trying to meet consumers’ demands all over the world.
We can see a lot of changes on American agriculture over time.In 1940, there were 6 million farms averaging 67 hectares each.By the late 1990s, there were only about 2.2 million farms averaging 190 hectares in size.During the same period, farm employment decreased greatly—from 12.5 million in 1930 to 1.2 million in the 1990s.While production has doubled over the last 50 years, the number of farms has dropped by more than two-thirds.Today, about 150，000 American farmers produce most of our food.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国农业的历史及发展状况。
1．What did people think of farmers in America’s early days?
A．People thought very highly of them.
B．People didn’t like some of their lifestyles.
C．They didn’t get enough attention from the society.
D．They were important for the development of technology.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的farmers were seen as typical examples of economic qualities such as hard-working, honest, kind-hearted and independent可知，在美国历史上，人们对农民的评价很高。
2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．Why American agriculture is successful.
B．The social support for American agriculture.
C．How American farmers develop their agriculture.
D．The natural environment for American agriculture.
A 解析：段落大意题。通读第二段内容可知，本段主要讲述了美国农业之所以取得成功是有很多方面的原因的，并列举了一些原因。
3．How does the author mainly develop Paragraph 3?
A．By giving examples.
B．By giving descriptions.
C．By following the order of time.
D．By following the order of importance.
C 解析：篇章结构题。根据第三段中的The first two decades of the 20th century, World War Ⅰ， At the end of World War Ⅱ和Today等信息点可知，第三段是按时间顺序展开的。
完形填空
Nico Leonardo is very famous in his town.__1__ he is only twelve years old, he has already founded his own free private school to help other children and even some adults with their studies.
Nico loves to __2__， and he wants to pass his passion(激情) for education to others.After seeing some of his classmates __3__ to keep up at school and some children spending much time playing and __4__ their studies, he made up his mind to __5__ it. Last year, he told his grandmother that he wanted to__6__ his own school and asked her to help him build it next to her __7__. She agreed, and today Nico’s school has nearly 40 students. He is __8__ that his school has already made a __9__ for many of the children attending there.
Nico’s school is pretty __10__ and poorly equipped compared with most regular schools.__11__， with the help of some kind neighbors, it’s getting better every day. The school has benches(长凳) and desks, a small __12__ with about 100 books, blackboards and even a bell. But what’s most __13__ is the quality of the education and Nico’s devotion to helping others. Nico lives 20 minutes away from his grandmother’s home, but every day he rides to his school to teach classes on different __14__， like math and English. Even if it is a snowy or rainy day, he will never __15__ any classes. Sometimes, when his students cannot attend the school __16__， he runs the classes at night to ensure they don’t __17__ on their studies.
Although most students are __18__ than Nico, there are a few adults attending classes at the school as well. He does his best to help the students __19__ their academic performances, and many say that attending his school has paid off. “I really __20__ what Nico is doing for us and just because of him, I’m now doing well in my studies，” one student said.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了12岁的Nico Leonardo自己开设学校的故事。
1．A.Because B．Unless
C．Although D．Until
C 解析：根据语境可知，此句意为：尽管他只有12岁，但是他已经成立了自己的免费私人学校来帮助其他孩子甚至成年人学习。所以此处用连词Although，表示“尽管”。
2．A.share B．explore
C．study D．think
C 解析：根据下文的and he wants to pass his passion(激情) for education to others可知，他喜欢学习，并且很想把他对于教育的激情传递给他人。
3．A.struggling B．preparing
C．pretending D．choosing
A 解析：根据下文的to keep up at school可知，Nico看到有些同学学习非常吃力。
4．A.continuing B．ignoring
C．finishing D．reporting
B 解析：根据上文的some children spending much time playing可知，此句意为：他也看到有些孩子经常玩耍而忽视学习。
5．A.explain B．punish
C．change D．challenge
C 解析：根据上下文的内容可推测，此处表达：当他看到这些情况时，他下定决心改变这种状况。
6．A.describe B．invent
C．design D．run
D 解析：根据下文的his own school可推测，Nico非常想开设一所自己的学校。
7．A.hospital B．house
C．store D．farm
B 解析：根据下文的Nico lives 20 minutes away from his grandmother’s home可知，他想把学校设在奶奶家的附近。
8．A.proud B．ashamed
C．afraid D．confused
A 解析：根据上文的She agreed, and today Nico’s school has nearly 40 students.以及his school...for many of the children attending there可推测，此句表达：Nico感到很自豪。
9．A.decision B．promise
C．difference D．plan
C 解析：根据下文的内容可知，他的学校对来上学的学生有一定的影响。make a difference意为“发挥作用，有影响”。
10．A.strange B．special
C．popular D．small
D 解析：根据下文的and poorly equipped compared with most regular schools可推测，此处表达：Nico的学校相当小。
11．A.Besides B．Instead
C．Therefore D．However
D 解析：根据下文的with the help of some kind neighbors, it’s getting better every day可知，此处表达：然而在热心邻居的帮助下，学校越办越好。
12．A.shop B．library
C．box D．corner
B 解析：根据上文的The school has benches(长凳) and desks，和下文的blackboards and even a bell可推测，此处表达：他的学校有一个大约100多本书的图书馆。
13．A.successful B．impressive
C．obvious D．interesting
B 解析：根据下文的the quality of the education and Nico’s devotion to helping others可知，此处表达：学校虽然有桌椅、图书馆、黑板等，但最大的亮点是教育的质量和他帮助别人的衷心。
14．A.aspects B．levels
C．themes D．subjects
D 解析：根据下文的like math and English可知，Nico教不同的科目。
15．A.avoid B．forget
C．repeat D．miss
D 解析：根据语境可知，此处表达：不论是下雨天还是下雪天，他都不会不去上课。
16．A.naturally B．commonly
C．regularly D．unbelievably
C 解析：根据上文的cannot attend the school和下文的he runs the classes at night可知，有一些学生无法按时上课，Nico改在晚上给他们上课。
17．A.lose heart B．fall behind
C．make mistakes D．break through
B 解析：根据上文的when his students cannot attend the school和he runs the classes at night可推测，他晚上给他们上课，目的是不让他们在学习上落后。
18．A.younger B．poorer
C．cleverer D．taller
A 解析：根据连词Although可知，前后两句存在逻辑上的让步关系，再根据后文的there are a few adults attending classes at the school as well可知，此处表达：尽管大多数的学生都比他年轻，但是仍然有一些成年人也在这个学校上课。
19．A.predict B．show
C．test D．improve
D 解析：根据下文可知，此处表达：他尽力帮助学生们提高学习成绩。
20．A.appreciate B．understand
C．refuse D．doubt
A 解析：根据下文的and just because of him, I’m now doing well in my studies可推测，此处表达：我很感激Nico为我们所做的一切。
用所给词的适当形式填空
If you are planning to come to Poland as a tourist, you will have plenty of interesting places to choose from. People who enjoy 1.hiking(hike) should consider 2.going(go) to the mountains, in the south of Poland. You don’t have to book accommodation(住宿) in advance as you will certainly manage 3.to__find(find) a local person who will offer to put you up at a very reasonable price.
If you love sailing and you don’t mind 4.being__bitten(bite) by mosquitoes, you can go to the lakes in the northeast. You can either choose 5.to__take(take) a ride in a boat or go camping and practise 6.cooking(cook) on an open fire next to a lake.
The coast in Poland is cold but it’s beautiful. If you can’t stand 7.staying(stay) in a crowded seaside town or can’t afford 8.to__pay(pay) for a big hotel, arrange to stay in one of the many small coastal villages. You certainly won’t risk 9.meeting(meet) too many people if you decide 10.to__go(go) for a long walk along the beach.
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.regret n. 遗憾；懊悔
vt. 遗憾；惋惜
2.pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟
3.soil n. 土壤
4.root n. 根；根源
5.focus n. 焦点；中心点
vt. 集中；聚焦
6.reduce vt. 减少；减缩
7.comment n. 评论；议论
vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论
8.underline vt. 画底线标出；强调
拓展词汇
9.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．迷惑
10.chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的→chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家；药剂师
11.production n．生产；制造→produce vt.生产；制造→producer n．生产者；制片人
12.discovery n．发现；发觉→discover vt.发现；发觉；观察，观测
13.summary n．总结；摘要；概要→summarize vt.总结；概述
阅读词汇
14.organic adj. 有机的；器官的；组织的
15.fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥
16.bacteria n． (bacterium的复数形式)
细菌
17.nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物
18.mineral n. 矿物；矿石
19.skim vt. 浏览；略读
20.industrial adj. 工业的；产业的
21.soybean n. 大豆
重点短语
1.in__need__of 需要
2.build__up 逐渐增强；建立；开发
3.lead__to 导致；造成(后果)
4.in__addition 另外
5.focus__on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
6.keep...free__from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；
使……不含(有害物)
重点句型
1.现在完成进行时：Recently, however, scientists have__been__finding(一直发现) that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.
2.现在分词短语作结果状语：Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making__it__ready(使……准备好) for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.
3.动名词作表语：You want to sell your “green food”， but the problem is letting__people__know__about(让人们知道) your food and how good it is.
Fast-reading
Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Problems caused by chemical fertilizers.
Para.2 B．Farmers and customers turn to organic farming.
Para.3 C．Long-term use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and people’s health.
Para.4 D．Other methods to keep the soil fertile.
答案：CABD
Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．From the passage, we can see organic farmers are those who ________．
A．grow crops with chemical fertilizers
B．grow crops with natural fertilizers
C．produce organic fertilizers
D．care for the environment
2．From the fourth paragraph, we know that ________．
A．it’s not good to plant grass between crops
B．peanuts use the surface of soil
C．peas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheat
D．vegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil
3．________ so that the soil may not get exhausted.
A．Farmers grow the same crops year after year
B．Farmers use natural fertilizers
C．Farmers change crops every two or three years
D．Farmers use chemical fertilizers
4．How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy?
A．3. B．4.
C．5. D．6.
答案：1－4.BBCB
①chemical['kemIkl]adj.化学的；关于化学的
②organic[??'ɡ?nIk]adj.有机的；器官的；组织的
organic farming有机耕作
③fertilizer['f??tIlaIz?]n.肥料；化肥
④production[pr?'d?k?n]n.生产；制造
⑤bacteria[b?k'tI?rI?]n.(bacterium[b?k'tI?rI?m]的复数形式)细菌
⑥pest[pest]n.害虫；害兽；害鸟
⑦wash off洗掉
⑧build up逐渐增强；建立；开发
⑨lead to导致；造成(后果)
⑩nutrition[nju?'trI?n]n.营养；滋养；食物
nutritious[nju'trI??s]adj.有营养的，营养丰富的
?mineral['mIn?r?l]n.矿物；矿石
?discovery[dI'sk?v?rI]n.发现；发觉
?focus on(＝concentrate on)集中(注意力、精力等)于
focus['f??k?s]n.焦点；中心点
vt.集中；聚焦
?soil[s?Il]n.土壤
?reduce[rI'dju?s]vt.减少；减缩
?fertile['f??taIl]adj.肥沃的；富饶的
?keep...free from/of
使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
?soybean['s?Ibi?n]n.(＝soyabean)大豆
?root[ru?t]n.根；根源
【核心素养链接】
有机耕作的特点
1．庄稼品种：选择合适的品种，如抗病、抗虫品种。
2．栽培方式：轮作、间作、套作。
3．耕作技术：改进耕作技术，也可适时采用免耕等技术。
4．田间管理：注意不使用化学合成肥料、农药、植物生长调节剂等。
①肥料：使用有机肥(腐殖质管理)和豆科植物(利用互利共生原理固氮)。
②病虫害管理：物理防治(如黄板诱杀某些害虫、黑光灯诱杀某些害虫)和生物防治(利用天敌防治害虫)。
③除草：不使用除草剂，可采用中耕除草等传统方法。
5．与养殖业关系：使用农作物秸秆或青饲料饲养动物。
6．其他：提高生态系统的生物多样性。
CHEMICAL① OR ORGANIC② FARMING?
Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers③ has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production④.Recently，however，scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.
◆“over the past＋时间段”常与现在完成时连用；动词-ing短语using chemical fertilizers在此作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
◆此处使用了现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，而且还会继续进行。
What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria⑤and pests⑥as well as the harmful ones.Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off⑦.These chemicals in the food supply build up⑧ in people’s bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to⑨ cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutritionB10.They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals?.
◆过去分词短语caused by chemical fertilizers作后置定语，相当于定语从句that/which are caused by chemical fertilizers。
◆本句中过去分词短语grown with chemical fertilizers作后置定语，相当于定语从句that/which are grown with chemical fertilizers；本句中还包含一个“too...to...”结构，表示“太……而不能……”。
With these discoveries?， some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.They focus on? keeping their soil? rich and free of disease.A healthy soil reduces? disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile?.This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free from?chemicals.
Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans?. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground’s surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots? .Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil，and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop.These many different organic farming methods have the same goal：to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health．
◆动词不定式短语to keep the soil fertile作目的状语；其中keep the soil fertile是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
◆the next year与peas or soybeans之间省略了growing。
◆现在分词短语making it ready for crops...soil作结果状语，该现在分词短语同时也属于“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构；其中还包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词wheat or corn。
◆that use the ground’s surface...deep roots为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词peanuts；其中followed by vegetables...deep roots为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰peanuts；该过去分词短语中还包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词vegetables。
◆此处为“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，动词不定式短语to become a natural fertilizer作宾补。
◆动词不定式短语to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health作goal的同位语，说明goal的具体内容。
化学耕作还是
有机耕作？
在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。很多农民欣然接受(使用)化肥，把化肥作为防止农作物疾病和提高产量的重要手段。然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会破坏土地，甚至更为危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。
化肥引起的问题有哪些呢？首先，它们在杀死有害的细菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。化学物质还会在土壤里和地下水中停留很长时间。这影响到庄稼，从而也会影响到动物和人，因为化学物质会进入到农作物里面，而不能被冲洗掉。随着时间的推移，食物供应中的这些化学物质会在人体中逐渐累积。这些化学物质中的很多会导致癌症或其他疾病。除此之外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常因为生长得太快而营养不足。它们可能看起来美丽，但是里面通常含的更多的是水分而不是维生素和矿物质。
由于这些发现，一些农民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。有机耕作是不用任何化学物质的简单耕作。他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。健康的土壤会减少病害并且有助于农作物茁壮健康地生长。因此，使用有机耕作的农民们通常爱使用天然的动物粪便当作肥料。他们认为这可以让地里的土壤更富含矿物质，变得更肥沃。这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。
使用有机耕作的农民还使用很多其他的方法来使土壤保持肥沃。在每一块地里，他们通常每隔几年就换种农作物，比如在种玉米或小麦后的一年种豌豆或大豆。像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤中，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。使用有机耕作的农民还利用不同层次的土壤来种植农作物，比如，先种植生长在浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植扎根于深层土壤的蔬菜。一些使用有机耕作的农民喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止风或水使土壤流失，并且把草留在地里，成为来年农作物的天然肥料。这些很多不同的有机耕作方法有着共同的目标：种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者人们的健康。
confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难
(教材P13)It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.
重新解释一下很重要，否则我们会让学生们感到困惑。
(1)confuse A with/and B 把A与B混淆
(2)confused adj. (人)不知所措的；困惑的
be confused about... 对……感到困惑
(3)confusing adj. (事/物)令人困惑的；难懂的
①The old man is always confusing the boy with his younger brother.
老人总是把男孩和他的弟弟混淆。
②I would often get confused when I came across new words with a similar spelling.
当遇到拼写相似的生词时，我常常感到困惑。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Confused(confuse) by the question, the boy turned to his teacher for further explanation.
②I always confuse John with his brother；they are so much alike.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我对中国的餐桌礼仪非常困惑， 如果你给我一些在晚宴上如何行为得体的建议我将感激不尽。
I am__quite__confused__by__Chinese__table__manners. I’d appreciate it if you could give me some tips on how to behave properly at a dinner party.
regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．[U，C]遗憾；懊悔
(教材P13)His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad.
他爸爸说他从不后悔送他儿子出国学习。
(1)regret doing sth.＝regret having done sth.
后悔做了某事
regret to do sth. 遗憾将要做某事
(2)much to one’s regret 让某人深感遗憾的是
with regret 遗憾地
①If we don’t take action to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it.
如果我们现在不采取措施保护环境的话，我们将抱憾终身。
②Much to our regret, we will not be able to visit you next year.
让我们深感遗憾的是，我们明年不能去拜访你了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Jerry did not regret giving(give) the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently.
②We regret to__inform(inform) you that we cannot help you.
③I refused his invitation to his birthday party with regret.
build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发
(教材P14)These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time. 随着时间的推移，食物供应中的这些化学物质会在人体中逐渐累积。
put up 张贴；举起；建造；提供食宿
set up 建立；开办
give up 放弃
add up 加起来
①Their achievements have built up my confidence and determination in my career.
他们取得的成就增强了我对事业的信心和决心。
②They have set up an organization to help the poor.
他们已成立了一个组织来帮助穷人。
[能力提升]——微写作
积极参加体育和户外活动十分有助于强身健体和丰富我们的学校生活。
Taking an active part in sports and outdoor activities are of great help to build__up__our__body__and__enrich__our__school__life．
lead to 导致；造成(后果)；通向……
(教材P14)Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.
这些化学物质中的很多会导致癌症或其他疾病。
lead sb.to do... 使某人做……
lead sb.to... 带某人去……
lead the way 带路
lead sb.by the nose 牵着某人的鼻子走
①As the old saying goes，“All roads lead to Rome.”
常言道，条条大路通罗马。
②In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to practice speaking English in an interesting way.
在课堂上我会把学生分成小组，用有趣的方法让他们练习说英语。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The discovery of new evidence led to the thief’s being__caught(catch)．
②He led me to__believe(believe) that he had a lot of influence.
[能力提升]——微写作
③众所周知，成功在于努力，而懒惰导致失败。
As we all know, success lies in hard work while__laziness__leads__to__failure．
focus n．焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦
(教材P14)They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.
他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。
(1)focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
focus/fix one’s attention on...
把注意力集中到……
(2)the focus of attention 关注的焦点
①To lead a happy life in the future, you should focus more on your career while you are young.
为了将来过上幸福的生活，趁着年轻你应该多关注你的事业。
②As is known to us, children are the focus of families, shouldering the hope of their parents.
众所周知，孩子是家庭的中心，承载着他们父母的希望。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.
②With his attention focused(focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他担心的事太多，无法专心学习。
③With so many things to be worried about, he couldn’t focus__(his__attention)__on study. (focus)
④With so many things to be worried about, he couldn’t concentrate__on study. (concentrate)
reduce vt.减少；减缩；减弱
(教材P14)A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.
健康的土壤会减少病害并且有助于农作物茁壮健康地生长。
(1)reduce to... 减少到/降低到……
reduce by... 减少了/降低了……
(2)rise/increase
①If you want to lose weight, try to reduce the amount of fat in your diet.
如果你想减肥，请尽量减少饮食中的脂肪。
②All the shirts in this shop were reduced to ￡10 last Sunday.
上周日这个店里的所有衬衫都减至10英镑。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour.
②If you buy more than ten, they will reduce the price by 10 percent.
③Luckily, their salary has been increased by 20 percent since last year.
comment n．[C，U]评论；议论
vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论
(教材P15)Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.
和你的搭档交换摘要并互作评论。
(1)No comment！ 无可奉告！
have/make comments/a comment about/on...
对……加以评论
(2)comment on... 对……发表评论
comment that... 评论说……
①He is an outspoken man and prefers to make comments on current affairs.
他是一个直言不讳的人，喜欢评论时事。
②—Do you have any comments about the cause of the emergency？
——您对这起突发事件发生的原因有何评论？
—No comment!
——无可奉告！
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Miss Li went through my composition and made some useful comments(comment) about it.
②I have no right to comment on the matter.
现在完成进行时
(教材P14)Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.
然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会破坏土地，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。
have been finding是现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并强调现在还在进行。现在完成时表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成，对现在造成影响，可能持续发生下去。
Tom，who has been learning English for many years，is fluent in spoken English now.
汤姆多年来一直学英语，现在英语口语很流利。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The students have__been__working(work) hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
②(2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members has__given(give) ten performances in the last three months.
现在分词(短语)作结果状语
(教材P14)Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.
像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤中，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。
(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果；
(2)不定式(短语)作结果状语表示偶然的、意料之外的结果，且前面常有only修饰。
①Many people moved to New York, making it the largest city in the USA.
很多人搬去了纽约，使之成为美国最大的城市。
②He cut off the wire, preventing a big fire.
他剪断电线，阻止了一场大火。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He hurried to the airport, only to__be__told(tell) that the plane had taken off.
②His parents died early, leaving(leave) him an orphan.
品句填词
1．They didn’t finish the project on time; I regretted(后悔) that I didn’t give them a hand.
2．Billy has been praised for his ability to observe people and events around him and make fair comments(评论)．
3．It is well known that giving up smoking can reduce(减少) the risk of heart disease.
4．At the end of the news, they often give you a summary(总结) of the main stories.
5．We made some interesting discoveries(发现) about our own family.
6．China exported(出口) this special strain of super hybrid rice to many other countries last year.
7．Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus(焦点) of attention.
8．Good nutrition(营养) is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.
9．Yuan Longping has struggled(努力) for decades for hungry people in many parts of the world.
10．The man found an excellent method to increase the production without expanding(延长) the work time.
选词填空
build up; turn to; lead a quiet life; graduate from; rid...of; be rich in; thanks to; keep...free from
1．Thanks__to her hard work, she has got the chance to enter the national key university.
2．I love apples because they are__rich__in vitamin C.
3．I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to rid myself of bad habits.
4．They are going to build__up their forces in the rural areas.
5．She wanted to lead__a__quiet__life,__so she decided to live in the countryside.
6．My teacher graduated__from an American college with a degree in English literature ten years go.
7．The country girl tried her best to work hard to keep herself free__from poverty.
8．Frank promised me that if I ever needed help I could always turn__to him.
完成句子
1．集中注意力学习是很重要的，尤其是在这样特殊的日子里。
Focusing__on__your__study is very important, especially on such particular days.
2．这名男子喝了咖啡，没有付钱就离开了，这使我很惊讶。
The man had his coffee and left without__paying,__which made me surprised.
3．她从沉睡中醒来，发现已经是早上9点了，她要迟到了。
She awoke__from a deep sleep, realizing that it was already 9 am and that she was late.
4．他的刻苦训练使他在奥运会上获得金牌成为可能。
His hard training makes__it__possible__for__him__to__win a gold medal in the Olympic Games.
5．他宁愿失去他的工作也不愿意向老板道歉。
He would rather__lose__his__job__than apologize to his boss.
课文语法填空
Over the past half century, it has become very common for farmers to use chemical fertilizers in farming. It’s a great way to stop crop disease and increase 1.production(produce). Recently, however, scientists 2.have__been__finding(find) that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and make people 3.unhealthy(health). There are lots of problems caused by chemical fertilizers.
Therefore some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming, which is 4.simply(simple) farming without using any chemicals. Farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free 5.from/of disease by using different methods. For example, they prefer using natural waste from 6.animals(animal) as fertilizer. They often change 7.the kind of crop in each field every few years. They also plant crops 8.to__use(use) different levels of soil. What’s more, they prefer planting grass between crops to prevent the soil from 9.being__carried(carry) away by wind or water. 10.Their goal is to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health.
单句语法填空
1．The environment is influenced by the use of chemical(chemistry) fertilizers.
2．Although the island is far away, new discoveries(discovery) of rare plants are frequently being made there.
3．Some measures have been taken to__reduce(reduce) the damage to the environment.
4．The professor made some comments(comment) on Bill’s paper, which inspired him greatly.
5．You can use the following methods to help your son build up his confidence.
6．My father skimmed(skim) the headlines quickly and then read the articles again more carefully.
7．We regret to__inform(inform) you that you will be fined because of speeding.
8．He raced through the living room, only to__find(find) the front door closed.
9．The criminal hoped that the police would help keep him free from punishment if he helped the police catch the murderer.
10．If we increase the food production(produce) in the fields, we can keep the forest and the trees there.
阅读理解
A
Road traffic is one of the biggest issues of the modern world. We often have to spend a large amount of time in traffic. So what are the effective ways to help solve the transport problems in cities?
One of the most common methods to reduce traffic jams in small and medium towns is building new roads. In the mid-twentieth century, the engineers built new highways to reduce traffic jams on the road. However, building road networks needs much land and that may destroy forests and require citizens to move. Besides, the cost is too high and it takes time to carry out this project. So this might not be the best way to solve the problem of heavy traffic.
Road traffic can be shortly reduced by reorganizing the traffic management system. Parking for a long time on the road in the central areas of the town must be controlled by some measures. In some towns, the fines for illegal parking are so low that many drivers park their cars on the main roads for several hours or even a whole day. This may lead to serious traffic problems. Therefore, it’s high time that the government made some changes on the laws about illegal parking. On the other side, separate parking areas should be planned for short-term visitors and local citizens by building reserved(预留的) parking areas.
People may use bikes or even walk down to cover short distances, but to cover longer distances, it requires a good public road transport system to make sure the city can operate well. Because of that, the fares on public transport should be as low as possible so that everyone can afford it; there must be enough buses that can connect major as well as smaller locations. I’m glad that my city does very well in it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。城市里的交通阻塞是一个很大的问题，本文主要讲述了几点关于改善城市交通的办法。
1．What does the author think of building new highways to reduce traffic jams?
A．It can’t be easily put into practice.
B．It can’t be easily accepted by citizens.
C．It’s the best way to reduce traffic jams.
D．It’s suitable for small and medium towns.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的However, building road networks needs much land and that may destroy forests and require citizens to move. Besides, the cost is too high and it takes time to carry out this project.可知，作者认为新建高速公路来改善交通并不是很容易实施的。
2．Which of the following might be the author’s suggestion to the government?
A．Making the fines for illegal parking higher.
B．Not allowing drivers to park their cars on the roads.
C．Preparing fewer parking areas for short-term visitors.
D．Not building too many parking areas in central areas.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的the fines for illegal parking are so low和it’s high time that the government made some changes on the laws about illegal parking可推测，作者可能建议政府把违法停车的罚款提高。
3．What is the text mainly about?
A．Tips on parking in big cities.
B．Problems of driving in big cities.
C．Some ways to avoid traffic jams.
D．Some ways to solve road traffic problems.
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的So what are the effective ways to help solve the transport problems in cities？以及下文内容可知，本文主要是讲述了一些改善城市交通问题的办法。
B
Now, an ancient grain from Ethiopia, teff, is being sold in supermarkets in America.Teff has been an important part of the Ethiopian diet for thousands of years.Teff is known for its small grain.It is mainly used to make flour.
Wayne Carlson learned about teff while doing public health work in Africa in the mid-1970s.“I came to know teff because I was eating it all the time and hosted by teff farmers.” In the late 70s，Carlson returned to his home state Idaho in the U．S., married and settled in Southwest Idaho.Then he came up with an idea.
Wayne and his wife Elisabeth are not farmers, nor do they want to be.So they convinced actual farmers in Idaho, Oregon and Nevada to grow teff.The Carlsons milled(磨粉) it themselves.However, until last year there was not a single Ethiopian restaurant or bakery in the entire state of Idaho for them to sell the milled flour to.“The way we started was that Wayne went through the Washington, D．C., and looked for the names that were Ethiopian in the telephone book.”
Over time, the Teff Company has grown out four different mills.The Carlsons say the teff flour coming off the mill could end up in a good natural foods store or commercial bakery.“Sales of alternatives(替代品) to modern wheat(小麦) are growing quickly each year, ” says an industry trade group.
Rich Roseberg is a food researcher at Oregon State University.He says teff production has exploded over the past decade in the U．S.He also says most teff grown in the U．S. is fed to farm animals.In Idaho, however, where the Carlsons are based, Roseberg believes more of the teff production is for human food.Teff contains lots of calcium, iron, and protein.Roseberg praises Wayne Carlson for being ahead of his time.
【解题导语】 埃塞俄比亚画眉草的种子在埃塞俄比亚被用作食物原料，现在这种农作物被引进到了美国。
4．What did Wayne Carlson probably want to do after returning to Idaho?
A．To become a farmer.
B．To do public health work.
C．To mill grains for a living.
D．To introduce teff to the U．S.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的Wayne and his wife Elisabeth are not farmers, nor do they want to be.So they convinced actual farmers in Idaho，Oregon and Nevada to grow teff.可推断，Wayne Carlson想将这种作物引进美国。
5．What problem did the couple face at first?
A．Their milled flour couldn’t be sold.
B．They didn’t know how to mill grains.
C．They were not good at doing business.
D．Their work wasn’t supported by others.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的However，until last year there was not a single Ethiopian restaurant or bakery in the entire state of Idaho for them to sell the milled flour to.可知，他们俩所面临的问题就是他们磨的面粉卖不出去。
6．Why does Roseberg think Wayne Carlson is ahead of his time?
A．Because Wayne Carlson improves the taste of teff.
B．Because Wayne Carlson feeds teff to farm animals.
C．Because Wayne Carlson tries to reduce hunger worldwide.
D．Because Wayne Carlson thinks teff should be used as human food.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据末段的Roseberg believes more of the teff production is for human food.Teff contains lots of calcium，iron，and protein.Roseberg praises Wayne Carlson for being ahead of his time.可推断，是因为Wayne Carlson认为埃塞俄比亚画眉草的种子应该被人食用的缘故。
七选五
As a teenager, having a pet at home can benefit you in many ways. It can teach you the value of responsibility and caring for something other than yourself. However, owning a pet is not an easy thing. 1.________
Give food and water to the pet. Keep an eye on your pet’s water dish as your pet may drink a lot of water throughout the day. 2.________ Your parents may already have a feeding schedule for your pet. Therefore, you had better ask your parents if it’s time to feed the pet before you do it yourself.
Take your pet for daily walks. 3.________ If you have other pets, like a cat, a bird, or a rabbit, you may not need to walk them. Instead, you should spend time playing with these pets so that they can still get some exercise.
Play with your pet. You should spend at least ten to fifteen minutes a day playing with your pets in order to make them feel they are loved by you. 4.________ However, do remember that pets also need time to rest, so give your pets some free time during the day.
5．________ You should also avoid giving your pet any food or treats that are not allowed by your parents. In fact, it’s not wise to feed your pet some human food because it can make them sick.
A．Try to always keep it full of fresh water.
B．Do not give your pet unhealthy treats of food.
C．It means that you must care for it on a daily basis.
D．You can use balls to play with a pet cat or a pet dog.
E．If you have a pet dog, you will need to walk it regularly.
F．You can get pleasure as well as challenges at the same time.
G．If you have free time, you should walk your pet as often as possible.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要概括了青少年养宠物的好处，以及对青少年如何更好地养宠物给了几条建议。
1．C 解析：此空设于段尾，引起下文。前一句讲养宠物不是一件容易的事，此句接着指出，养宠物就意味着你得每天照顾它，从而引出下文，下文主要给出养宠物时应该注意的问题。
2．A 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的it指代的是上句中提到的water dish。
3．E 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。首先，根据前一句可大概推出，此句应该讲带宠物遛弯。其次，根据后一句的If you have other pets...you may not need to walk them.可知，此句讲需要带宠物出去遛弯。
4．D 解析：此空设于段中，是对本段第一句的进一步解释。本句和前一句都是对第一句的具体解释，讲如何与宠物玩耍。
5．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。下文中的avoid giving your pet any food or treats...和it’s not wise to feed your pet some...都是围绕不要喂宠物不健康的食物而展开的。
课件62张PPT。Unit 2 Working the landregretpestsoilrootfocusreducecommentunderlineconfusechemicalproductiondiscoverysummary有机的；器官的；组织的肥料；化肥细菌营养；滋养；食物矿物；矿石浏览；略读工业的；产业的大豆in need ofbuild uplead toin additionfocus onkeep...free from/ofhave beenmaking it readyfindingletting people know aboutConfusedwitham quite confused by Chinese table mannersgivingto informwithbuild up our body and enrich our school lifebeing caughtto believewhile laziness leads to failureonfocusedfocus (his attention) onconcentrate ontoreducebybycommentsonhave been workinghas givento be toldleaving本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．They didn’t finish the project on time; I regretted(后悔) that I didn’t give them a hand.
2．Billy has been praised for his ability to observe people and events around him and make fair comments(评论)．
3．It is well known that giving up smoking can reduce(减少) the risk of heart disease.
4．At the end of the news, they often give you a summary(总结) of the main stories.
5．We made some interesting discoveries(发现) about our own family.
6．China exported(出口) this special strain of super hybrid rice to many other countries last year.
7．Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus(焦点) of attention.
8．Good nutrition(营养) is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery.
9．Yuan Longping has struggled(努力) for decades for hungry people in many parts of the world.
10．The man found an excellent method to increase the production without expanding(延长) the work time.
选词填空
build up; turn to; lead a quiet life; graduate from; rid...of; be rich in; thanks to; keep...free from
1．Thanks__to her hard work, she has got the chance to enter the national key university.
2．I love apples because they are__rich__in vitamin C.
3．I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to rid myself of bad habits.
4．They are going to build__up their forces in the rural areas.
5．She wanted to lead__a__quiet__life,__so she decided to live in the countryside.
6．My teacher graduated__from an American college with a degree in English literature ten years go.
7．The country girl tried her best to work hard to keep herself free__from poverty.
8．Frank promised me that if I ever needed help I could always turn__to him.
完成句子
1．集中注意力学习是很重要的，尤其是在这样特殊的日子里。
Focusing__on__your__study is very important, especially on such particular days.
2．这名男子喝了咖啡，没有付钱就离开了，这使我很惊讶。
The man had his coffee and left without__paying,__which made me surprised.
3．她从沉睡中醒来，发现已经是早上9点了，她要迟到了。
She awoke__from a deep sleep, realizing that it was already 9 am and that she was late.
4．他的刻苦训练使他在奥运会上获得金牌成为可能。
His hard training makes__it__possible__for__him__to__win a gold medal in the Olympic Games.
5．他宁愿失去他的工作也不愿意向老板道歉。
He would rather__lose__his__job__than apologize to his boss.
课文语法填空
Over the past half century, it has become very common for farmers to use chemical fertilizers in farming. It’s a great way to stop crop disease and increase 1.production(produce). Recently, however, scientists 2.have__been__finding(find) that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and make people 3.unhealthy(health). There are lots of problems caused by chemical fertilizers.
Therefore some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming, which is 4.simply(simple) farming without using any chemicals. Farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free 5.from/of disease by using different methods. For example, they prefer using natural waste from 6.animals(animal) as fertilizer. They often change 7.the kind of crop in each field every few years. They also plant crops 8.to__use(use) different levels of soil. What’s more, they prefer planting grass between crops to prevent the soil from 9.being__carried(carry) away by wind or water. 10.Their goal is to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health.
单句语法填空
1．The environment is influenced by the use of chemical(chemistry) fertilizers.
2．Although the island is far away, new discoveries(discovery) of rare plants are frequently being made there.
3．Some measures have been taken to__reduce(reduce) the damage to the environment.
4．The professor made some comments(comment) on Bill’s paper, which inspired him greatly.
5．You can use the following methods to help your son build up his confidence.
6．My father skimmed(skim) the headlines quickly and then read the articles again more carefully.
7．We regret to__inform(inform) you that you will be fined because of speeding.
8．He raced through the living room, only to__find(find) the front door closed.
9．The criminal hoped that the police would help keep him free from punishment if he helped the police catch the murderer.
10．If we increase the food production(produce) in the fields, we can keep the forest and the trees there.
阅读理解
A
Road traffic is one of the biggest issues of the modern world. We often have to spend a large amount of time in traffic. So what are the effective ways to help solve the transport problems in cities?
One of the most common methods to reduce traffic jams in small and medium towns is building new roads. In the mid-twentieth century, the engineers built new highways to reduce traffic jams on the road. However, building road networks needs much land and that may destroy forests and require citizens to move. Besides, the cost is too high and it takes time to carry out this project. So this might not be the best way to solve the problem of heavy traffic.
Road traffic can be shortly reduced by reorganizing the traffic management system. Parking for a long time on the road in the central areas of the town must be controlled by some measures. In some towns, the fines for illegal parking are so low that many drivers park their cars on the main roads for several hours or even a whole day. This may lead to serious traffic problems. Therefore, it’s high time that the government made some changes on the laws about illegal parking. On the other side, separate parking areas should be planned for short-term visitors and local citizens by building reserved(预留的) parking areas.
People may use bikes or even walk down to cover short distances, but to cover longer distances, it requires a good public road transport system to make sure the city can operate well. Because of that, the fares on public transport should be as low as possible so that everyone can afford it; there must be enough buses that can connect major as well as smaller locations. I’m glad that my city does very well in it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。城市里的交通阻塞是一个很大的问题，本文主要讲述了几点关于改善城市交通的办法。
1．What does the author think of building new highways to reduce traffic jams?
A．It can’t be easily put into practice.
B．It can’t be easily accepted by citizens.
C．It’s the best way to reduce traffic jams.
D．It’s suitable for small and medium towns.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的However, building road networks needs much land and that may destroy forests and require citizens to move. Besides, the cost is too high and it takes time to carry out this project.可知，作者认为新建高速公路来改善交通并不是很容易实施的。
2．Which of the following might be the author’s suggestion to the government?
A．Making the fines for illegal parking higher.
B．Not allowing drivers to park their cars on the roads.
C．Preparing fewer parking areas for short-term visitors.
D．Not building too many parking areas in central areas.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的the fines for illegal parking are so low和it’s high time that the government made some changes on the laws about illegal parking可推测，作者可能建议政府把违法停车的罚款提高。
3．What is the text mainly about?
A．Tips on parking in big cities.
B．Problems of driving in big cities.
C．Some ways to avoid traffic jams.
D．Some ways to solve road traffic problems.
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的So what are the effective ways to help solve the transport problems in cities？以及下文内容可知，本文主要是讲述了一些改善城市交通问题的办法。
B
Now, an ancient grain from Ethiopia, teff, is being sold in supermarkets in America.Teff has been an important part of the Ethiopian diet for thousands of years.Teff is known for its small grain.It is mainly used to make flour.
Wayne Carlson learned about teff while doing public health work in Africa in the mid-1970s.“I came to know teff because I was eating it all the time and hosted by teff farmers.” In the late 70s，Carlson returned to his home state Idaho in the U．S., married and settled in Southwest Idaho.Then he came up with an idea.
Wayne and his wife Elisabeth are not farmers, nor do they want to be.So they convinced actual farmers in Idaho, Oregon and Nevada to grow teff.The Carlsons milled(磨粉) it themselves.However, until last year there was not a single Ethiopian restaurant or bakery in the entire state of Idaho for them to sell the milled flour to.“The way we started was that Wayne went through the Washington, D．C., and looked for the names that were Ethiopian in the telephone book.”
Over time, the Teff Company has grown out four different mills.The Carlsons say the teff flour coming off the mill could end up in a good natural foods store or commercial bakery.“Sales of alternatives(替代品) to modern wheat(小麦) are growing quickly each year, ” says an industry trade group.
Rich Roseberg is a food researcher at Oregon State University.He says teff production has exploded over the past decade in the U．S.He also says most teff grown in the U．S. is fed to farm animals.In Idaho, however, where the Carlsons are based, Roseberg believes more of the teff production is for human food.Teff contains lots of calcium, iron, and protein.Roseberg praises Wayne Carlson for being ahead of his time.
【解题导语】 埃塞俄比亚画眉草的种子在埃塞俄比亚被用作食物原料，现在这种农作物被引进到了美国。
4．What did Wayne Carlson probably want to do after returning to Idaho?
A．To become a farmer.
B．To do public health work.
C．To mill grains for a living.
D．To introduce teff to the U．S.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的Wayne and his wife Elisabeth are not farmers, nor do they want to be.So they convinced actual farmers in Idaho，Oregon and Nevada to grow teff.可推断，Wayne Carlson想将这种作物引进美国。
5．What problem did the couple face at first?
A．Their milled flour couldn’t be sold.
B．They didn’t know how to mill grains.
C．They were not good at doing business.
D．Their work wasn’t supported by others.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的However，until last year there was not a single Ethiopian restaurant or bakery in the entire state of Idaho for them to sell the milled flour to.可知，他们俩所面临的问题就是他们磨的面粉卖不出去。
6．Why does Roseberg think Wayne Carlson is ahead of his time?
A．Because Wayne Carlson improves the taste of teff.
B．Because Wayne Carlson feeds teff to farm animals.
C．Because Wayne Carlson tries to reduce hunger worldwide.
D．Because Wayne Carlson thinks teff should be used as human food.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据末段的Roseberg believes more of the teff production is for human food.Teff contains lots of calcium，iron，and protein.Roseberg praises Wayne Carlson for being ahead of his time.可推断，是因为Wayne Carlson认为埃塞俄比亚画眉草的种子应该被人食用的缘故。
七选五
As a teenager, having a pet at home can benefit you in many ways. It can teach you the value of responsibility and caring for something other than yourself. However, owning a pet is not an easy thing. 1.________
Give food and water to the pet. Keep an eye on your pet’s water dish as your pet may drink a lot of water throughout the day. 2.________ Your parents may already have a feeding schedule for your pet. Therefore, you had better ask your parents if it’s time to feed the pet before you do it yourself.
Take your pet for daily walks. 3.________ If you have other pets, like a cat, a bird, or a rabbit, you may not need to walk them. Instead, you should spend time playing with these pets so that they can still get some exercise.
Play with your pet. You should spend at least ten to fifteen minutes a day playing with your pets in order to make them feel they are loved by you. 4.________ However, do remember that pets also need time to rest, so give your pets some free time during the day.
5．________ You should also avoid giving your pet any food or treats that are not allowed by your parents. In fact, it’s not wise to feed your pet some human food because it can make them sick.
A．Try to always keep it full of fresh water.
B．Do not give your pet unhealthy treats of food.
C．It means that you must care for it on a daily basis.
D．You can use balls to play with a pet cat or a pet dog.
E．If you have a pet dog, you will need to walk it regularly.
F．You can get pleasure as well as challenges at the same time.
G．If you have free time, you should walk your pet as often as possible.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要概括了青少年养宠物的好处，以及对青少年如何更好地养宠物给了几条建议。
1．C 解析：此空设于段尾，引起下文。前一句讲养宠物不是一件容易的事，此句接着指出，养宠物就意味着你得每天照顾它，从而引出下文，下文主要给出养宠物时应该注意的问题。
2．A 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的it指代的是上句中提到的water dish。
3．E 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。首先，根据前一句可大概推出，此句应该讲带宠物遛弯。其次，根据后一句的If you have other pets...you may not need to walk them.可知，此句讲需要带宠物出去遛弯。
4．D 解析：此空设于段中，是对本段第一句的进一步解释。本句和前一句都是对第一句的具体解释，讲如何与宠物玩耍。
5．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。下文中的avoid giving your pet any food or treats...和it’s not wise to feed your pet some...都是围绕不要喂宠物不健康的食物而展开的。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
1．(教材P10)Since then, finding(find) ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.
2．(教材P10)As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing(increase) the rice output.
3．(教材P10)Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding(expand) the area of the fields.
4．(教材P10)He enjoys listening(listen) to violin music, playing(play) mah-jong, swimming(swim) and reading(read)．
5．(教材P10)He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing(produce) a kind of rice that could feed more people.
6．It is no use arguing(argue) with him about such a matter.
概念：动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。
动词-ing形式的时态和语态：
语态
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
动词-ing形式作主语
1．动词-ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。
◆Saying is one thing, and doing is another.
说是一回事，而做是另一回事。
◆Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
(1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。
◆To lie to her is wrong.
对她撒谎不对。
(2)动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
◆Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.
对于老人来说爬山确实困难。
【即时演练1】——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷)Learning(learn) to think critically(批判性地) is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
②Attending(attend) the party last night made Alice very excited.
③Mary’s being(be) late for class this morning made the teacher angry.
2．形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。
此类句式常见的有：
It is a waste of time doing... 做……是浪费时间的。
It is no good/use doing... 做……是没用的。
It is worthwhile doing... 做……是值得的。
It is useless doing... 做……没有用。
It is no fun doing... 做……没有乐趣。
◆It is no good/use regretting for the past.
悔恨过去是没用的。
◆It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter.
同他争辩这件事真是浪费时间。
【即时演练2】——单句语法填空
①It is a waste of time trying(try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games.
②It is worthwhile reading(read) such a wonderful novel.
③It’s no use complaining(complain) without taking action.
动词-ing形式作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆：
避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone)
建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can’t help)
承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse)
忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)
◆Would you mind opening the window?
你介意打开窗子吗？
◆I don’t like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
◆He tried to avoid answering my questions.
他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2．作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, lead to, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth等。
◆He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
【即时演练3】——单句语法填空/完成句子
①I will be careful to avoid making(make) the same mistakes in my study.
②While going shopping, people sometimes can’t help being__persuaded(persuade) into buying something they don’t need.
③The boy was lucky to escape being__punished(punish)．
④We don’t allow diving(dive) in the pool.
⑤这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。
It is very useful for someone who is trying to give__up__smoking．
⑥我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。
I have never dreamed__of__visiting__that__place．
3．在有些动词的后面，如start, begin, continue等，既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
◆They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作，好像什么也没发生过。
4．在love, hate, prefer, like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用不定式作宾语指具体的动作。
◆He preferred staying at home when it rained.
下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词-ing形式作宾语，指每逢天下雨都待在家里。)
◆I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.
今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示“今天下午留在家里”这一具体的动作。)
【即时演练4】——单句语法填空
He likes swimming but he doesn’t like to__swim this afternoon. (swim)
5．有些动词(短语)后跟不定式和动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有：
动词
宾语的形式
意义
forget
to do
忘记做……
doing
忘记做过……
remember
to do
记着要去做……
doing
记得做过……
regret
to do
遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing
后悔做了……
try
to do
尽力做……
doing
尝试做……
mean
to do
打算做……
doing
意味着……
go on
to do
接着做(另外一件事)
doing
接着做(同一件事)
stop
to do
停下来去做某事
doing
停止做某事
◆Please remember to give my best regards to your family.
请记着代我向你的家人问好。
◆I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。
【即时演练5】——单句语法填空
①I mean to__change(change) it for another one.
②(安徽卷)I remembered to__lock(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to__turn(turn) off the lights.
③I regret to__tell(tell) you that my sister regrets making(make) you her date. You are not the kind of person she wants.
6．下列动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。
need/want/require/deserve doing
＝need/want/require/deserve to be done
◆The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修一下。
【即时演练6】——一句多译
①这个问题值得讨论。
→The__question__deserves__discussing.
→The__question__deserves__to__be__discussed.
②这个窗户需要清扫了。
→The__window__needs/requires/wants__cleaning.
→The__window__needs/requires/wants__to__be__cleaned.
动词-ing形式的否定形式
动词-ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时 not应放在逻辑主语和动词-ing形式之间。
◆You have no excuse for not going.
你没有理由不去。
◆He was punished for not having finished his homework.
他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。
【即时演练7】——完成句子
①Excuse me for my__not__coming__on__time(我没能按时来)．
②I’m sorry for not__having__kept__my__promise(没有遵守我的承诺)．
动词-ing形式的复合结构
动词-ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词-ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词-ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：
(1)形容词性物主代词＋动词-ing
(2)名词’s＋动词-ing
(3)代词宾格＋动词-ing
(4)名词＋动词-ing
◆Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。
◆The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.
这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。
◆Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?
你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？
(1)动词-ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用(3)(4)两种形式。
(2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第(2)种形式。
◆Tom’s winning the first prize last year impressed me a lot.
汤姆去年得了一等奖使我印象深刻。
◆Do you mind my/me/Jack’s/Jack leaving now?
你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？
【即时演练8】——用动词-ing形式的复合结构完成句子
①他父亲病了，使他很担心。
His__father’s__being__ill made him worried.
②你正确未必就意味着我错了。
Your__being__right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong.
③我们盼望着周杰伦来给我们举办一场演唱会。
We are looking forward to Jay__Chou’s/Jay__Chou__coming to give us a vocal concert.
单句语法填空
1．Dana admitted feeling(feel) hurt by what I had said.
2．The teacher was quite angry for your being(be) late this morning.
3．I gave up trying(try) to persuade him to continue with his studies.
4．Joan suggested asking(ask) her father for his opinion on the matter.
5．When the boss came in, everyone stopped talking(talk) and looked at him.
6．I want to avoid speaking(speak) to him until I’ve got more details.
7．She imagined herself sitting(sit) in her favourite armchair back home.
8．Knowing(know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
9．Hearing(hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
10．Laura dislikes being(be) with children so she doesn’t plan to be a primary school teacher.
对比填空
1．(1)I remember seeing(see) her before, but I can’t remember when it was.
(2)You must remember to__tell(tell) Jackson the news tonight.
2．(1)Don’t forget to__turn(turn) off all the lights when you leave the classroom.
(2)I will never forget finding(find) that rare coin in my garden last year.
3．(1)I didn’t mean to__visit(visit) him yesterday afternoon.
(2)Giving up your plan means losing(lose) a large amount of money.
4．(1)Sorry, I can’t help (to)__paint(paint) the wall this weekend.
(2)All the kids couldn’t help laughing(laugh) at the joke.
5．(1)The little boy stopped crying(cry) when he saw the new toy car and began to play with it happily.
(2)She felt thirsty, so she stopped to__get(get) a drink of water.
语法与写作
1．拥有朋友意味着你有谈话的人，所以你不会感到孤独和沮丧。
Having__friends__means__that__you__can__have__someone__to__talk__to so that you don’t feel lonely and depressed.
2．很多人都建议制定更多的规则以保护动物权益。
Many people have suggested setting__up__more__rules to protect animal rights.
3．在海边度假很有趣。
It’s fun spending__the__holiday at the beach.
4．我们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。
We are busy preparing__for__the__coming__exam．
5．那两个违反校规的学生很幸运没有受到惩罚。
The two students who had broken the school rules were lucky enough to escape__being__punished．
课件38张PPT。Unit 2 Working the landfindingincreasingexpandinglisteningplayingswimmingreadingproducingarguingLearningAttendingbeingtryingreadingcomplainingmakingbeing persuadedbeing punisheddivinggive up smokingdreamed of visiting that placeswimmingto swimto changeto lockto turnto tellmakingThe question deserves discussing.The question deserves to be discussed.The window needs/requires/wants cleaning.The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned.my not coming on timenot having kept my promiseHis father’s being illYour being rightJay Chou’s/Jay Chou comingfeelingbeingtryingaskingtalkingspeakingsittingKnowingHearingbeingseeingto tellto turnfindingto visitlosing (to) paintlaughingcryingto getHaving friends means that you can have someone to talk tosetting up more rulesspending the holidaypreparing for the coming examescape being punished本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放Section Ⅴ Writing
英文海报
文体感知
1.英文海报是人们在日常生活中经常使用的一种招贴形式的应用文，其宣传内容涉及影视作品、体育赛事和学术报告等。
2.海报通常包括标题、正文和结尾三个部分。标题突出主题；正文列出更多相关信息；结尾用标语或口号鼓动人心。海报写作形式灵活，语言活泼。
增分佳句
1．It is important to take an English course, as you will be able to learn from the teachers and practice speaking English with your fellow students. 参加英语课程很重要，因为你能向老师学习并和你的同学一块练习说英语。
2．Here you can talk with native English speakers about hot topics.
在这里，你可以和以英语为母语的人谈论热门话题。
3．We are supposed to learn English well because a good command of English means more opportunities in the future.
我们理应学好英语，因为精通英语意味着在将来有更多的机会。
4．Everyone is welcome to watch the match and cheer the players up.
欢迎大家去观看比赛，为队员加油助威。
写作模板
________(海报名称)
Do you want ________？ There will be ________(主题句)．Here you can ________(具体内容)．
Come and join us!
________(署名)
________(时间)
写作要求
为了帮助大家提高英语水平，你校学生会将于每周六下午2点到5点在校图书馆定期举办“英语角(English Corner)”活动，内容包括：与外教讨论热点话题、阅读英文书报杂志、学唱英语歌曲、听英语讲座、表演英语短剧、看英语电影等。请你代表学生会制作一则英文海报，邀请同学们参加。
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．提高你的英语水平 improve__your__English
2．过多姿多彩的生活 live__a__colorful__life
3．成立 set__up
4．校图书馆 school__library
5．以英语为母语的人 native__English__speakers
6．表演各种英语短剧 perform__various__English__plays
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①放学后你想过多姿多彩的生活吗？
Do you want to live__a__colorful__life__after__school?
②我们将于每周六下午2点到5点在校图书馆举办英语角活动。
We will__set__up__an__English__corner at our school library between 2 p．m. and 5 p．m. every Saturday afternoon.
③在这里你可以听有趣的英语讲座。
Here you can attend__interesting__English__lectures．
2．句式升级
④把句②升级为被动语态
An__English__corner__will__be__set__up__at__our__school__library__between__2__p．m.__and__5__p．m.__every__Saturday__afternoon.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Join Our English Corner
Do you want to improve your English? Do you want to live a colorful life after school? An English corner will be set up at our school library between 2 p．m. and 5 p．m. every Saturday afternoon.
Here you can
—talk with native English speakers about hot topics.
—read English newspapers, magazines and books.
—learn to sing beautiful English songs.
—attend interesting English lectures.
—perform various English plays.
—watch wonderful English movies.
—make new friends.
Come and join us!
Student Union
March 17, 2020
假如你是晨光国际中学高一学生李华。你们学校为了丰富校园生活，将举办一场精彩的篮球赛。此次活动将由学校篮球队组织发起。请你根据以下要点提示，用英语写一则海报，为此次篮球赛进行宣传。
要点：
1．时间：2020年6月1日下午两点；
2．地点：学校篮球场；
3．报名方式：向体育老师报名。
要求：
1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Basketball Match
Are you free in the afternoon on June 1，2020? Our school is going to hold an exciting basketball match at 2 p．m. on that date on the basketball court. And the purpose of this basketball match is to enrich students’ school life and help them relax after their hard work. The match will be organized by the school basketball team. If you are interested in this basketball match, please contact your P．E. teacher as soon as possible. You won’t want to miss this chance to play or watch an exciting match! All students who are fond of basketball are heartily welcome to be present on this grand occasion. Basketball fans should be quick!
The School Basketball Team
May 11, 2020
单句语法填空
1．Talking(talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important.
2．Swimming(swim) is not only good exercise but also a very useful skill.
3．It is no pleasure staying(stay) at home doing homework all day.
4．My father suggested reading(read) more books in my spare time.
5．To avoid being__seen(see) by the teacher, Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.
6．The girl stopped running(run) and picked up a wallet from the ground.
7．Mr. Lee devoted many years to improving(improve) the system.
8．Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty in making(make) friends.
9．To__get(get) the position, she devoted herself to managing to complete mountains of extra work.
10．The couple were glad to have the opportunity to visit Montreal and didn’t regret taking(take) the trip.
11．The employee who had a high fever finally agreed to__ask(ask) permission for a half day’s leave to have a good rest.
12．I still remember being__invited(invite) to dinner in Kitty’s house when I was only five years old.
阅读理解
The oldest desert(沙漠) in the world is in Namibia (a country in Africa). The desert is called the Namib Desert. This desert is believed to be nearly 40 million years old! It is truly an ancient desert.
The Namib Desert has some of the world’s biggest sand dunes(沙丘). The dunes tower high into the sky. One dune, called “Big Daddy”， is almost 1，200 feet (365 meters) high! This means “Big Daddy” is bigger than a 100-story building! People can climb “Big Daddy”. One man climbed to the dune’s crest, or top. Near the crest, the man had to climb on all fours! He had to use his hands to prevent himself from sliding down.
The Namib Desert’s ancient dunes vary in color. When something varies, it changes and becomes different. The Namib Desert dunes vary from orange to red.
During the day, the surface temperature of the sand dunes heats up. The surface temperature can heat up to 54℃. What does one lizard(蜥蜴) do to keep its feet cool? It stands on only two feet at a time! It jumps from pair to pair! This allows the feet in the air to cool off. When this isn’t enough, the lizard dives into the sand. It digs down to where the sand is cooler.
Little water falls on the dunes. Often there is less than half an inch (1.3 centimeters) of rain a year. What does one dune plant do for water? It uses the morning fog(雾)! The fog comes from the Atlantic Ocean nearby. It rolls across the dunes. The plant’s leaves are filled with empty spaces. The empty spaces take in droplets(小水珠) of the water. The plant can survive years without rain by taking in the fog droplets.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上最古老的沙漠——纳米布沙漠。
1．What is the Namib Desert most famous for?
A．Its old age. B．Its big size.
C．Its location. D．Its animals.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的oldest和ancient可知，纳米布沙漠是世界上最古老的沙漠，因此它以其年代久远闻名于世。
2．Why does the author mention the man climber?
A．To show it is fun to climb dunes.
B．To show the popularity of “Big Daddy”．
C．To show “Big Daddy” is the highest dune.
D．To show the difficulty of climbing “Big Daddy”．
D 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的the man had to climb on all fours! He had to use his hands to prevent himself from sliding down可知，攀爬“大老爹”沙丘还是具有挑战性的。
3．How does a lizard in the Namib Desert deal with the heat?
A．It touches the sand with as little of its body as possible.
B．It keeps jumping from one cool place to another.
C．It jumps as high as possible into the air.
D．It stays inside the sand the whole day.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的It stands on only two feet at a time! It jumps from pair to pair! This allows the feet in the air to cool off.可知，蜥蜴一次只有两只脚着地，这样轮换着来让脚凉快点。
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．The dune plant lives on the rain.
B．It rains often in the Namib Desert.
C．The Namib Desert is a coastal desert.
D．Plants can seldom be seen on most dunes.
C 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的The fog comes from the Atlantic Ocean nearby.可知，纳米布沙漠是一个海滨沙漠。
完形填空
People are often encouraged to make friends with their enemy(敌人), but the high school student Xavier Staubs did more than that. He __1__ the other’s life. At a swimming game, the 15-year-old boy rescued a __2__ under water.
It was a regular swimming game. Xavier was __3__ because he had practiced for a long time. As expected, he __4__ his part with ease in the 200-meter relay(接力比赛). When he was resting, he heard some people __5__ anxiously. Xavier turned back and noticed that a boy in the neighboring lane(泳道) was __6__. Seeing this, having no __7__ to consider more, Xavier dived back into the pool immediately and __8__ the boy out to the safety zone. __9__， the boy had nothing serious and started breathing on his own.
Xavier’s __10__ got the attention of Representative John Moolenaar. He wanted to reward Xavier with recognition(表彰) that would be kept on record in the Library of Congress. At lunchtime on Tuesday, Xavier __11__ Moolenaar was coming to meet him. “We’ve heard the story. I think we really should__12__ what he did，” Moolenaar told CNN. “We often hear about tragedies and __13__ situations，” Moolenaar said, “but this was such a powerful __14__ of one student helping another __15__ the two boys were competitors.”
However, Xavier’s mother, Jillian Staubs, said she was not __16__. Jillian said she had been trying to __17__ her children like what her parents did. Her parents always told her and her sisters not to become people who just __18__ themselves. And Xavier performed such a __19__ act, which actually was something she was used to hearing about.
Xavier is not only a great __20__ but also a dancer, band member and a straight-A student. And now, a hero.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位高中生挽救了一名同时参加游泳比赛而溺水的对手的故事。
1．A.wasted B．recorded
C．saved D．started
C 解析：根据the 15-year-old boy rescued...及后文的内容可知，Xavier挽救(saved)了溺水的对手的生命。
2．A.partner B．stranger
C．volunteer D．competitor
D 解析：根据文章第一句话及后文的内容可知，本文讲的是对手之间的故事，Xavier救的人是跟他一起参加游泳比赛的竞争者(competitor)。
3．A.afraid B．confident
C．stubborn D．determined
B 解析：根据后文的because he had practiced for a long time及with ease可知，Xavier练习了很久，所以很有信心(confident)。
4．A.forgot B．missed
C．organized D．completed
D 解析：根据后文的When he was resting...可知，Xavier完成了(completed)200米接力赛中他负责的那一部分。
5．A.shouting B．fighting
C．begging D．complaining
A 解析：根据anxiously及后文的内容可知，有人溺水了，Xavier应该是听到人们着急大喊(shouting)。
6．A.rushing B．waiting
C．practicing D．struggling
D 解析：根据语境可知，那个学生溺水了，应该是在水里挣扎(struggling)。
7．A.energy B．time
C．power D．freedom
B 解析：根据Xavier dived back into the pool immediately...可知，情况危急，Xavier没有时间(time)思考，立即跳下水去救人。
8．A.drove B．threw
C．pulled D．pressed
C 解析：根据the boy out to the safety zone可知，Xavier应该是把溺水者从泳池拖(pulled)到安全区域。
9．A.Naturally B．Honestly
C．Seriously D．Fortunately
D 解析：根据the boy had nothing serious and started breathing on his own可知，庆幸的是(Fortunately)，溺水者没有大碍，还能自己呼吸。
10．A.action B．discovery
C．experience D．achievement
A 解析：根据语境可知，Xavier的行为(action)受到了Moolenaar的关注。
11．A.noticed B．learned
C．realized D．admitted
B 解析：根据Moolenaar was coming to meet him可知，Xavier得知(learned) Moolenaar要来见他。
12．A.judge B．thank
C．praise D．discuss
C 解析：根据上文的He wanted to reward Xavier with recognition(表彰) that would be kept on record in the Library of Congress.可知，Moolenaar认为应该表扬(praise) Xavier的行为。
13．A.unknown B．unsuitable
C．unpleasant D．unavoidable
C 解析：根据We often hear about tragedies...可知，我们经常听到的都是悲剧，都是令人不快的(unpleasant)情况。
14．A.example B．tradition
C．accident D．argument
A 解析：根据one student helping another...可知，与我们经常听到的悲剧故事不同，这是一个强有力的帮助他人的例子(example)。
15．A.as if B．in case
C．now that D．even though
D 解析：尽管(even though)Xavier与另一个男孩互为竞争者，但他还是毫不犹豫地救了对方。
16．A.proud B．curious
C．patient D．surprised
D 解析：根据后文的．..which actually was something she was used to hearing about.可知，Xavier的妈妈Jillian对他这次的行为并不感到惊讶(surprised)，因为她已经习以为常。
17．A.educate B．respect
C．criticize D．understand
A 解析：根据后文的Her parents always told her and her sisters...可知，Jillian一直以来教育(educate)自己的孩子就像她的父母教育她和她的姐妹们一样。
18．A.show off B．look after
C．think about D．believe in
C 解析：根据语境可知，Jillian的父母总是告诉她们不能成为只考虑(think about)自己的人，Jillian也是这样教育Xavier，所以Xavier才会有救人的举动。
19．A.wise B．selfless
C．common D．careless
B 解析：根据语境可知，Xavier的救人行为是无私的(selfless)。
20．A.leader B．swimmer
C．trainer D．fighter
B 解析：根据全文内容可知，这里是说Xavier不仅是出色的游泳者(swimmer)，其他方面也很优秀，如今因为救人的举动，更是成为了一名英雄。
应用文写作
假如你是某国际学校学生会主席。本周六下午4点，你校将与第三中学在你校体育馆举行一场篮球友谊赛。请你代表学生会制作一则英文海报，欢迎同学们前来观看。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Let’s Enjoy an Exciting Basketball Match
Are you interested in basketball? Do you want to watch an exciting basketball match? Are you willing to improve your basketball skills? Here is a piece of good news for you!
A friendly basketball match will be held between No.3 Middle School and ours in our school gym on Saturday at 4 p．m.
Please come and cheer for them.All are welcome!
Student Council
March 14, 2018
课件19张PPT。Unit 2 Working the landimprove your Englishlive a colorful lifeset upschool librarynative English speakersperform various English playslive a colorful life after schoolwill set up an English cornerattend interesting English lectures本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．Talking(talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important.
2．Swimming(swim) is not only good exercise but also a very useful skill.
3．It is no pleasure staying(stay) at home doing homework all day.
4．My father suggested reading(read) more books in my spare time.
5．To avoid being__seen(see) by the teacher, Tony stole into the classroom by the back door.
6．The girl stopped running(run) and picked up a wallet from the ground.
7．Mr. Lee devoted many years to improving(improve) the system.
8．Some of the children are shy and they have some difficulty in making(make) friends.
9．To__get(get) the position, she devoted herself to managing to complete mountains of extra work.
10．The couple were glad to have the opportunity to visit Montreal and didn’t regret taking(take) the trip.
11．The employee who had a high fever finally agreed to__ask(ask) permission for a half day’s leave to have a good rest.
12．I still remember being__invited(invite) to dinner in Kitty’s house when I was only five years old.
阅读理解
The oldest desert(沙漠) in the world is in Namibia (a country in Africa). The desert is called the Namib Desert. This desert is believed to be nearly 40 million years old! It is truly an ancient desert.
The Namib Desert has some of the world’s biggest sand dunes(沙丘). The dunes tower high into the sky. One dune, called “Big Daddy”， is almost 1，200 feet (365 meters) high! This means “Big Daddy” is bigger than a 100-story building! People can climb “Big Daddy”. One man climbed to the dune’s crest, or top. Near the crest, the man had to climb on all fours! He had to use his hands to prevent himself from sliding down.
The Namib Desert’s ancient dunes vary in color. When something varies, it changes and becomes different. The Namib Desert dunes vary from orange to red.
During the day, the surface temperature of the sand dunes heats up. The surface temperature can heat up to 54℃. What does one lizard(蜥蜴) do to keep its feet cool? It stands on only two feet at a time! It jumps from pair to pair! This allows the feet in the air to cool off. When this isn’t enough, the lizard dives into the sand. It digs down to where the sand is cooler.
Little water falls on the dunes. Often there is less than half an inch (1.3 centimeters) of rain a year. What does one dune plant do for water? It uses the morning fog(雾)! The fog comes from the Atlantic Ocean nearby. It rolls across the dunes. The plant’s leaves are filled with empty spaces. The empty spaces take in droplets(小水珠) of the water. The plant can survive years without rain by taking in the fog droplets.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上最古老的沙漠——纳米布沙漠。
1．What is the Namib Desert most famous for?
A．Its old age. B．Its big size.
C．Its location. D．Its animals.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的oldest和ancient可知，纳米布沙漠是世界上最古老的沙漠，因此它以其年代久远闻名于世。
2．Why does the author mention the man climber?
A．To show it is fun to climb dunes.
B．To show the popularity of “Big Daddy”．
C．To show “Big Daddy” is the highest dune.
D．To show the difficulty of climbing “Big Daddy”．
D 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的the man had to climb on all fours! He had to use his hands to prevent himself from sliding down可知，攀爬“大老爹”沙丘还是具有挑战性的。
3．How does a lizard in the Namib Desert deal with the heat?
A．It touches the sand with as little of its body as possible.
B．It keeps jumping from one cool place to another.
C．It jumps as high as possible into the air.
D．It stays inside the sand the whole day.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的It stands on only two feet at a time! It jumps from pair to pair! This allows the feet in the air to cool off.可知，蜥蜴一次只有两只脚着地，这样轮换着来让脚凉快点。
4．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．The dune plant lives on the rain.
B．It rains often in the Namib Desert.
C．The Namib Desert is a coastal desert.
D．Plants can seldom be seen on most dunes.
C 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的The fog comes from the Atlantic Ocean nearby.可知，纳米布沙漠是一个海滨沙漠。
完形填空
People are often encouraged to make friends with their enemy(敌人), but the high school student Xavier Staubs did more than that. He __1__ the other’s life. At a swimming game, the 15-year-old boy rescued a __2__ under water.
It was a regular swimming game. Xavier was __3__ because he had practiced for a long time. As expected, he __4__ his part with ease in the 200-meter relay(接力比赛). When he was resting, he heard some people __5__ anxiously. Xavier turned back and noticed that a boy in the neighboring lane(泳道) was __6__. Seeing this, having no __7__ to consider more, Xavier dived back into the pool immediately and __8__ the boy out to the safety zone. __9__， the boy had nothing serious and started breathing on his own.
Xavier’s __10__ got the attention of Representative John Moolenaar. He wanted to reward Xavier with recognition(表彰) that would be kept on record in the Library of Congress. At lunchtime on Tuesday, Xavier __11__ Moolenaar was coming to meet him. “We’ve heard the story. I think we really should__12__ what he did，” Moolenaar told CNN. “We often hear about tragedies and __13__ situations，” Moolenaar said, “but this was such a powerful __14__ of one student helping another __15__ the two boys were competitors.”
However, Xavier’s mother, Jillian Staubs, said she was not __16__. Jillian said she had been trying to __17__ her children like what her parents did. Her parents always told her and her sisters not to become people who just __18__ themselves. And Xavier performed such a __19__ act, which actually was something she was used to hearing about.
Xavier is not only a great __20__ but also a dancer, band member and a straight-A student. And now, a hero.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位高中生挽救了一名同时参加游泳比赛而溺水的对手的故事。
1．A.wasted B．recorded
C．saved D．started
C 解析：根据the 15-year-old boy rescued...及后文的内容可知，Xavier挽救(saved)了溺水的对手的生命。
2．A.partner B．stranger
C．volunteer D．competitor
D 解析：根据文章第一句话及后文的内容可知，本文讲的是对手之间的故事，Xavier救的人是跟他一起参加游泳比赛的竞争者(competitor)。
3．A.afraid B．confident
C．stubborn D．determined
B 解析：根据后文的because he had practiced for a long time及with ease可知，Xavier练习了很久，所以很有信心(confident)。
4．A.forgot B．missed
C．organized D．completed
D 解析：根据后文的When he was resting...可知，Xavier完成了(completed)200米接力赛中他负责的那一部分。
5．A.shouting B．fighting
C．begging D．complaining
A 解析：根据anxiously及后文的内容可知，有人溺水了，Xavier应该是听到人们着急大喊(shouting)。
6．A.rushing B．waiting
C．practicing D．struggling
D 解析：根据语境可知，那个学生溺水了，应该是在水里挣扎(struggling)。
7．A.energy B．time
C．power D．freedom
B 解析：根据Xavier dived back into the pool immediately...可知，情况危急，Xavier没有时间(time)思考，立即跳下水去救人。
8．A.drove B．threw
C．pulled D．pressed
C 解析：根据the boy out to the safety zone可知，Xavier应该是把溺水者从泳池拖(pulled)到安全区域。
9．A.Naturally B．Honestly
C．Seriously D．Fortunately
D 解析：根据the boy had nothing serious and started breathing on his own可知，庆幸的是(Fortunately)，溺水者没有大碍，还能自己呼吸。
10．A.action B．discovery
C．experience D．achievement
A 解析：根据语境可知，Xavier的行为(action)受到了Moolenaar的关注。
11．A.noticed B．learned
C．realized D．admitted
B 解析：根据Moolenaar was coming to meet him可知，Xavier得知(learned) Moolenaar要来见他。
12．A.judge B．thank
C．praise D．discuss
C 解析：根据上文的He wanted to reward Xavier with recognition(表彰) that would be kept on record in the Library of Congress.可知，Moolenaar认为应该表扬(praise) Xavier的行为。
13．A.unknown B．unsuitable
C．unpleasant D．unavoidable
C 解析：根据We often hear about tragedies...可知，我们经常听到的都是悲剧，都是令人不快的(unpleasant)情况。
14．A.example B．tradition
C．accident D．argument
A 解析：根据one student helping another...可知，与我们经常听到的悲剧故事不同，这是一个强有力的帮助他人的例子(example)。
15．A.as if B．in case
C．now that D．even though
D 解析：尽管(even though)Xavier与另一个男孩互为竞争者，但他还是毫不犹豫地救了对方。
16．A.proud B．curious
C．patient D．surprised
D 解析：根据后文的．..which actually was something she was used to hearing about.可知，Xavier的妈妈Jillian对他这次的行为并不感到惊讶(surprised)，因为她已经习以为常。
17．A.educate B．respect
C．criticize D．understand
A 解析：根据后文的Her parents always told her and her sisters...可知，Jillian一直以来教育(educate)自己的孩子就像她的父母教育她和她的姐妹们一样。
18．A.show off B．look after
C．think about D．believe in
C 解析：根据语境可知，Jillian的父母总是告诉她们不能成为只考虑(think about)自己的人，Jillian也是这样教育Xavier，所以Xavier才会有救人的举动。
19．A.wise B．selfless
C．common D．careless
B 解析：根据语境可知，Xavier的救人行为是无私的(selfless)。
20．A.leader B．swimmer
C．trainer D．fighter
B 解析：根据全文内容可知，这里是说Xavier不仅是出色的游泳者(swimmer)，其他方面也很优秀，如今因为救人的举动，更是成为了一名英雄。
应用文写作
假如你是某国际学校学生会主席。本周六下午4点，你校将与第三中学在你校体育馆举行一场篮球友谊赛。请你代表学生会制作一则英文海报，欢迎同学们前来观看。
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One possible version：
Let’s Enjoy an Exciting Basketball Match
Are you interested in basketball? Do you want to watch an exciting basketball match? Are you willing to improve your basketball skills? Here is a piece of good news for you!
A friendly basketball match will be held between No.3 Middle School and ours in our school gym on Saturday at 4 p．m.
Please come and cheer for them.All are welcome!
Student Council
March 14, 2018
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.struggle vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力
①Having__struggled(struggle) for many years, he was finally admitted to a key university.
②The young man struggled to his feet to fight against the robber.
2.hunger n．饥饿；欲望 vt.& vi.(使)饥饿
Because of the great hunger,__a great number of hungry__children died.(hungry)
3.disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
They were all disturbed by the disturbing news; that is, the news disturbed all of them.(disturb)
4.equip vt.& vi.配备；装备
①Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)
②Equipped(equip) with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland to produce more.
5.freedom n．自由；自主
Women have gained the freedom to decide whether to marry or not, and they are free to choose their jobs at present.(free)
6.confuse vt.使迷惑；使更难于理解
He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)
7.regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔
I regret to__tell(tell) you that your mother is badly ill, but you needn’t regret leaving(leave) her alone.
8.discovery n．发现；发觉
The discoverer of electricity was Franklin; like many discoveries,__it benefits us greatly.(discover)
9.focus n．焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦
This course is specially designed for beginners like you, focusing(focus) on listening and speaking practice.
阅读词汇排查练
1.statistic n． 数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料
2.sunburnt adj. 晒黑的
3.super adj. 特级的；
超级的
4.output n. 产量；输出
5.circulate vt.& vi. 循环；流传
6.grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒
7.peanut n. 花生
8.occupation n. 工作；职业；占领
9.organic adj. 有机的；器官的；
组织的
10.fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥
11.bacteria n． (bacterium的复数形式)
细菌
12.nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物
13.mineral n. 矿物；矿石
14.skim vt. 浏览；略读
15 industrial adj. 工业的；产业的
16.soybean n. 大豆
重点短语
会书写
1.thanks__to 幸亏；由于；因为
2.rid...of 使……摆脱或除去
3.be__satisfied__with 对……感到满意
4.would__rather 宁愿；宁可
5.build__up 逐渐增强；建立；开发
6.lead__to 导致；造成(后果)
7.focus__on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
8.be__rich__in 盛产；富于
9.keep...free__from/of 使……免受(影响，伤害等)；
使……不含(有害物)
10.with__the__hope__of 抱有……希望
会应用
1.Thanks__to your generous help, I do believe that I will have a better understanding of your country and culture.
2.We cannot really learn anything until we rid ourselves of being too proud.
3.The farmers take measures to keep their crops free__from disease.
4.Too much work and too little rest often leads__to illness.
5.To be mentally healthy, you need to build__up good relationships with each other.
6.He sat silently by the window, with his eyes focused__on the beautiful scenery outside.
重点句型
句式
仿写
1.if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式
If so, what did you do to grow them？
这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。
Will you be free this Sunday? If__so,__let’s go camping.
2.what is called...“所谓的……”，what引导名词性从句
Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
众所周知，我们生活在所谓的信息时代。
As is known to us, we now live in what__is__called Information Age.
3.the first＋n.＋to do sth.第一个做某事的……
In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
She was the__first__woman__to__win__the__gold__medal in the Olympic Games.
4.make it ＋n./adj. to do结构
This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.
我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。
I must__make__it__clear__that I’ll always support you.
5.倍数表达法
Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.
我们学校学生的人数是他们学校学生人数的三倍。
The number of the students in our school is three__times__larger than theirs.
6.would rather(not) do sth.宁愿(不)做……
He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.
现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。
Nowadays more and more people would__rather__not__live__in__big__cities.
单元语法
1．They suggested setting(set) up a new publishing house in this area.
2．There is no use keeping(keep) silent about such a matter.
3．When Jane saw me, she stopped talking(talk) with our classmate Linda and smiled to me by the roadside.
4．The old couple have been used to living(live) in the countryside.
5．I discovered that Mr Li had devoted his whole life to teaching(teach) the young students.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．前几年他拼命挣钱，很少跟家人在一起。(struggle)
2．这导致他妻子想要离开他。(lead to)
3．他后悔没跟家人多交流。(regret)
4．因此，他把注意力集中在跟家人构建和谐关系上。(therefore; focus...on; build up)
5．多亏他的努力，妻子现在对他很满意。(thanks to; be satisfied with sb.)
6．如果让他对过去几年自己做的事情作出评论的话，他会说，如果有可能，多花点时间跟家人待在一起。(make comments on)
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One possible version：
A few years ago, he struggled to earn money and spared little time with his family, which led to his wife intending to leave him. He regretted not having communicated more with his family. Therefore, he focused his attention on building up a harmonious relationship with his family. Thanks to his efforts, his wife is now satisfied with him. If we have him make comments on what he has done in the past few years, he would say, “If possible, we should spend more time staying with our family.”
课件20张PPT。Unit 2 Working the landHaving struggledtohungerhungrydisturbeddisturbing disturbedequipmentequippedEquippedfreedomfreeconfusedconfusing confusedto tellleavingdiscovererdiscoveriesfocusing数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料晒黑的特级的；超级的产量；输出循环；流传谷物；粮食；颗粒花生工作；职业；占领有机的；器官的；组织的肥料；化肥细菌营养；滋养；食物矿物；矿石浏览；略读工业的；产业的大豆thanks torid...ofbe satisfied withwould ratherbuild uplead tofocus onbe rich inkeep...free from/ofwith the hope ofThanks to ridof keepfree fromleads tobuild upfocused onIf sowhat is calledthe first woman to winthe gold medalmust make it clear thatthree times largerwould rather not live in big citiessettingkeepingtalkinglivingteaching本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
