提到查尔斯·理查德·德鲁这个名字，人们知之甚少。被誉为“血库之父”的他，是建立血库的第一人。他发明了保存血浆的方法，为世界的医学发展做出了巨大的贡献。
Dr.Charles Richard Drew, Father of the Blood Bank
Charles Richard Drew was a famous African-American doctor and scientist.His work on blood banks helped save thousands of lives during World War Ⅱ.
Charles Richard Drew was born in 1904 in Washington, D．C. His main interest was in sports when he was young.He won many medals for swimming.Later, he focused his attention on track, basketball, and football.During college, Charles became interested in medicine.He attended medical school at McGill University in Canada.In 1933, he received his Doctor of Medicine degree.
As a doctor and researcher, Charles was absorbed in research on blood transfusions(输血)．Through his study, he found that blood plasma(血浆) could be successfully used instead of whole blood.He wrote up the results which were published(发表) in a
report.During World War Ⅱ， Charles worked with the British.He helped them develop the blood bank.He organized the collection of blood plasma from different hospitals.The life-saving plasma saved many wounded people in the war.He also helped the American Red Cross develop a blood bank.Around this time, Charles became known as the “father of the blood bank”．
Charles’ life was cut short by a car accident in 1950.However, his legacy(遗产) is still alive and well today.Charles’ name appears on a great number of schools and organizations across the country.In 1981, his photo appeared in the United States Postal Service’s Great Americans stamp series.At Amherst, a beautiful brick house is named in memory of his outstanding achievements.The American Red Cross’ Charles Drew Institute in Biomedical Services is also named after him.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1．analyse vt. 分析
2．defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫
n. 失败
3．expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的
n. 专家；行家
4．attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加
5．physician n. 医生；内科医师
6．expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
7．cure n. 治愈；痊愈
vt. 治愈；治疗,8.suspect vt. 认为；怀疑
n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
9．severe adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的
10．foresee vt. 预见；预知
11．blame vt. 责备；谴责
n. 过失；责备
12．handle n. 柄；把手
vt. 处理；操纵
13．link vt.& n. 连接；联系
拓展词汇
14．painter n．画家；油漆匠→paint v．绘画；涂→painting n．油画；水彩画
15．scientific adj.科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
16．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束
17．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心→absorbed adj.全神贯注的；一心一意的
18．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染
19．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．公告；宣布→announcer n．播音员；宣告者
20．challenge n．挑战vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.挑战性的
21．certainty n．确信；确实→certain adj.确实的；肯定的→certainly adv.确定；肯定
阅读词汇
22．characteristic n． 特征；特性
23．radium n. 镭
24．infect vt. 传染；感染
25．deadly adj. 致命的
26．outbreak n. 爆发；发作,27.victim n． 受害者
28．enquiry n. 询问
29．neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近
30．pump n. 泵；抽水机
vt. (用泵)抽(水)
31．germ n. 微生物；细菌
重点短语
1．put_forward 提出；推荐
2．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论
3．expose...to 使显露；暴露
4．be_determined_to_do_sth. 决心做某事
5．face_a_challenge 面临挑战
6．mark...on... 在……上把……标出来
7．be_to_blame 该受责备；应负责
8．link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来
9．look_into 调查
10．slow_down 减速；减缓
重点句型
1．neither...nor...既不……也不……
Neither_its_cause_nor_its_cure_was_understood.(人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治愈方法。)
2．every time引导的时间状语从句
So many thousands of terrified people died every_time_there_was_an_outbreak(每次爆发霍乱时)．
3．so...that...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句
In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so_severe_that(如此严重以至于) more than 500 people died in ten days.
4．have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had_it_delivered(派人送) to her house every day.
5．suggest that sb.(should) do sth., suggest表示“建议”
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be_examined(要经过检测)．
Fast-reading
Skim the text and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
B．The cause of cholera was polluted water.
C．The source of all drinking water should be examined.
D．How John Snow collected, analyzed data and found the cause of the disease and solved it.
答案：D
2．Find out the main idea(or topic sentence) of each paragraph：
Para.1( ) A．John Snow’s suggestions for preventing cholera.
Para.2( ) B．An analysis of John Snow’s map.
Para.3( ) C．Extra evidence showed that polluted water carried the virus.
Para.4( ) D．Two theories possibly explaining how cholera killed people.
Para.5( ) E．A brief introduction of John Snow and cholera.
Para.6( ) F．John Snow found the cause of the disease.
Para.7( ) G．John Snow began to gather information to prove the second theory was correct.
答案：EDGBFCA
Careful-reading
Read the text and choose the best answer.
1．Why did John Snow attend Queen Victoria as her personal physician？
A．Because he was well-known all over the world.
B．Because he was expert at medical science.
C．Because he was an old doctor.
D．Because Queen Victoria liked him very much.
2．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in?
A．A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.
B．People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.
D．People suffered from cholera because they were not clean.
3．How did he find out the cause of the disease?
A．By living in the area where cholera broke out.
B．By marking on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.
C．By telling the terrified people how to prevent it.
D．By saving the dying people suffering from cholera.
4．How was “King Cholera” defeated?
A．By not polluting the river again.
B．By eating healthy diets.
C．By delivering the water from other rivers.
D．By stopping drinking the polluted water.
答案：1－4.BBBD
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
主句
,时间状语从句Ｆ
when he thought about helping ordinary people
[翻译] 但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奋。
2．He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句是He became interested in two theories; that引导定语从句，修饰先行词two_theories，且在从句中作主语。
③该定语从句中又包含一个由how引导的宾语从句。
[翻译] 他对两种可能解释霍乱如何致人死亡的看法产生了兴趣。
3．A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句的主干是A woman liked the water; who引导非限制性定语从句，对A_woman进行补充说明。
③so...that...在此引导结果状语从句。
④had it delivered是have sth. done结构，在此意为“让/请别人做某事”。
[翻译] 有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她非常喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，因此每天都要让人把水运到她家。
①defeat[dI'fi?t]vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n．失败
②expert['eksp??t]adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n.专家；行家
③attend[?'tend]vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
④physician[fI'zI?n]n.医生；内科医师
⑤inspired[?n'spa??d]adj.感到振奋的，受到鼓舞的
⑥expose[Ik'sp??z]vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光
expose...to使显露；暴露
⑦deadly['dedlI]adj.致命的
⑧cure[kj??]n.疗法；治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗
⑨terrified['ter?fa?d]adj.恐惧的，很害怕的
⑩outbreak['a?tbreIk]n.爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)
?challenge['t??lInd?]n.挑战 vt.向……挑战
?multiply['m?lt?pla?]v.繁殖，增殖
?victim['vIktIm]n.受害者
?absorb[?b'z??b]vt.吸收；吸引；使专心
absorb...into...将……吸入……
?suspect[s?'spekt]vt.认为；怀疑
['s?spekt]n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
?hit[h?t]v.打击，危害；攻击，袭击
?enquiry[In'kwaI?rI]n.调查；询问
?severe[sI'vI?]adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的
?mark[mɑ?k]v.做标记
?clue[klu?]n.线索；提示
pump[p?mp]n.泵；抽水机vt.(用泵)抽(水)
foresee[f??'si?]vt.(foresaw，foreseen)预见；预知
further['f??e?(r)]adj.更进一步的
investigation[In?vestI'ɡeI?n]n.调查
investigate[?n'vest?ɡe?t]vt.&vi.调查
blame[bleIm]vt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备
look into调查；审查
handle['h?ndl]n．柄；把手vt.处理；操纵
slow down放慢速度，减缓
germ[d???m]n.病菌微生物；细菌
supporting[s?'p??t??] adj.能确证的
supporting evidence有力的证据
be linked to与……有关
link[lI?k]vt.& n.连接；联系
link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
announce[?'na?ns]vt.宣布；通告
with certainty肯定地，确信地(作状语)
certainty['s??tnt?]n.确信；确实
instruct[In'str?kt]vt.命令；指示；教导
instruct sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS①“KING CHOLERA”
John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert②，indeed, that he attended③ Queen Victoria as her personal physician④.But he became inspired⑤ when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to⑥ cholera. This was the deadly⑦ disease of its day.Neither its cause nor its cure⑧ was understood.So many thousands of terrified⑨ people died every time there was an outbreak⑩.John Snow wanted to face the challenge?and solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found．
◆so...that...“如此……以至于……”，so在此修饰形容词expert。破折号后的内容进一步解释前面的doctor。
◆when引导时间状语从句，exposed to cholera在此作后置定语，修饰ordinary people。
◆neither...nor...(既不……也不……)连接两个并列名词词组作主语。当neither...nor...连接两个名词(词组)或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数要遵循就近一致原则。
◆every time“每次”，起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。
◆that引导宾语从句，从句中又含有until引导的时间状语从句。
He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people．The first suggested that cholera multiplied? in the air．A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims?.The second suggested that people absorbed? this disease into their bodies with their meals.From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died．
◆that...killed people是定语从句，修饰先行词two theories，该定语从句中又含有宾语从句how cholera killed people，该从句作explained的宾语。
◆suggested在此处意为“间接表明，暗示”，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。后面的“The second suggested that...their meals.”也是如此。
◆过去分词affected在此作前置定语，表示“受疾病侵袭的”。
John Snow suspected? that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit? London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry?. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe? that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
◆本句为并列句，but连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中含有that引导的宾语从句，从句作suspected的宾语。
◆as在此引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。
First he marked? on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived. This gave him a valuable clue? about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pumpB21 in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street ) had had no deaths. He had not foreseenB22 this, so he made furtherB23 investigationsB24. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blameB25.
◆where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the exact places, where在从句中作地点状语。
◆It seemed/seems that...“看来……”，这是一个常用句型。was to blame表示“对……负有责任”，不定式to blame用主动形式表示被动意义。
Next, John Snow looked intoB26 the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handleB27 from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed downB28. He had shown that cholera was spread by germsB29 and not in a cloud of gas.
◆that引导的从句作found的宾语，从句中过去分词短语polluted by...London作后置定语，修饰the river。
◆so that在此引导目的状语从句。
In another part of London, he found supportingB30 evidence from two other deaths that were linked toB31 the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announceB32 with certaintyB33 that polluted water carried the germs.
◆that...outbreak为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词two other deaths。
◆本句中“who...Broad Street”为who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词A woman。主句中“so much that she had it delivered...every day”为“so...that...”结构，该结构表示“如此……以至于……”；had it delivered为have sth.done结构。
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructedB34 not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
◆本句中“To prevent...again”为动词不定式短语作目的状语，prevent...(from) doing表示“阻止……做……”；suggested在此表示“建议”，that引导的宾语从句用的是虚拟语气，从句谓语为be examined, be前面省略了should。
约翰·斯诺
战胜“霍乱王”
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是致命的疾病。人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治愈方法。所以每次霍乱爆发时，就有成千上万对之感到害怕的人死亡。约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战并解决这个问题。他知道直到找到病源，霍乱才能被控制住。
他对两种可能解释霍乱如何致人死亡的看法产生了兴趣。第一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖。一股危险的气体到处飘动，直到找到它的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。疾病从胃里迅速侵袭全身，患者很快就死亡了。
约翰·斯诺认为第二种看法是正确的，但是他需要证据。因此，在1854年伦敦再次爆发霍乱时，他就准备开始他的调查。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延时，他就开始收集资料。(他发现)在两条特别的街上这种疫情很严重，以至于10天之内500多人死去。他决定查明原因。
首先他在一张地图上标记了所有死者曾经住过的精确地点。这给他提供了一条关于该疾病病因的有价值的线索。许多死者生前住在宽街的水泵附近(特别是16、37、38和40号)。他还发现有些住所(如宽街上的20号和21号以及剑桥大街上的8号和9号)却无人死亡。他(之前)没预测到这种情况，所以他做了更进一步的调查。他发现这些人都在剑桥大街7号的酒馆里工作。酒馆免费给他们提供啤酒，因此他们没有喝过从(宽街)水泵里抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。
接下来，约翰·斯诺调查了这两条街的水源情况。他发现水是从河里来的，而河水被从伦敦排放的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊讶的人们拆掉水泵的把手，这样，水泵就不能用了。不久，疫情得到了缓解。他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气团传播的。
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她非常喜欢从那个水泵里抽上来的水，因此每天都要让人把水运到她家。她和她的女儿喝了这种水后，都得霍乱死了。有了这个额外的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布被污染了的水带有(霍乱)病菌。
为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。自来水公司接到了指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。最后，“霍乱王”被打败了。
阅读理解
A
George Washington Carver was born some time in the early-mid 1860s. As a sickly child, Carver was unable to work in the fields, so he did gardening.He was left with many free hours to walk in the woods—beginning his career with nature.He soon became known as the “Plant Doctor” and would help friends and neighbors manage sick plants.
In 1890, Carver began to study music and art at Simpson College.His artwork was on show at the 1893 World’s Fair.Painting gave him the chance to combine his two loves—art and nature.Yet it was his talents(天赋) for gardening that took him in another direction in 1891．Carver became the first African-American to attend what is today Iowa State University.He proved to be a first-class student and upon graduation he became the school’s first African-American teacher.
In 1896, he received an invitation from Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School in Tuskegee, Alabama.Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.He and his students would search trash heaps(垃圾堆) for things to use.This proved that Dr.Carver was well ahead of his time.
In 1916, he published a research report on peanuts, which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy(经济) of the South when it was destroyed by the cotton insects’ attack.Carver continued his research with the peanut.He went on to find many uses for the peanut.But he didn’t invent peanut butter(花生酱)．
Dr.Carver’s research earned him much worldwide praise.Dr.George Washington Carver died on January 5, 1943, and was buried at Tuskegee.Carver contributed his whole life savings to Tuskegee.Upon his death, Franklin D. Roosevelt gave him the title “an inspiring example to youth everywhere”．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了植物学家George Washington Carver的生平。
1．How was Carver’s childhood?
A．He dreamed of being a doctor.
B．He grew crops in the fields.
C．He enjoyed good health.
D．He took up gardening.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he did gardening”可知，George Washington Carver年少时料理花园。
2．How was Carver’s performance during his education?
A．Bad. B．Strange.
C．Ordinary. D．Excellent.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He proved to be a first-class student”可知，George Washington Carver在学校表现出色。
3．What do we know about Carver’s life in Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School?
A．He was well paid by the school.
B．He relied on himself to build his lab.
C．He saved money by picking up trash.
D．He published his findings ahead of time.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.”可知，George Washington Carver所在的学校没有足够的资金，因此他依靠自己的力量来建立实验室。
4．What can be learned about Carver’s report on peanuts?
A．It made a contribution to the economy.
B．It included new findings on peanut butter.
C．It prevented peanuts from insects’ attack.
D．It helped farmers find many other uses of peanuts.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In 1916, he published a research report on peanuts, which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy(经济) of the South”可知， George Washington Carver的研究拯救了当时南方的经济危机。
B
Lise Meitner was born in Vienna, Austria on November 7, 1878.She was the third child of eight children in the family.Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well.Music was important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano.The Meitner children were taught to listen to their parents, but to think for themselves.
When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.But, inspired by the discovery of Henri Becquerel, she was determined to study radioactivity(放射性)．
When she turned 21, women were finally allowed into Austrian universities.Meitner was admitted into the University of Vienna; there she was excellent at math and physics and earned her doctor’s degree in 1906.She wrote to Marie Curie, but there was no room for her in the Paris lab, so Meitner made her way to Berlin.There she worked with Otto Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.
In 1912, the pair moved to a new university and Meitner had better lab equipment.Though Meitner was forced to escape Nazi Germany in 1938, they continued to co-work.Meitner continued her work in Sweden and later they found the phenomenon “nuclear fission(核裂变)”．The discovery, which finally led to the atomic bomb, won Hahn the Nobel Prize in 1944.Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.
【解题导语】 Lise Meitner是一位奥地利女科学家，文章介绍了她对核物理学的贡献。
5．What can we learn about Lise Meitner’s childhood?
A．She received a good education.
B．She often went against her parents.
C．She showed a great talent for music.
D．She lived a hard life with her family.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well.Music was important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano.”可知，Lise Meitner小时候接受了良好的教育。
6．Why didn’t Lise Meitner go to college after finishing high school?
A．She wasn’t interested in college.
B．Girls in her country were not allowed.
C．Her family couldn’t afford the school fees.
D．She wanted to study radioactivity by herself.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.”及第三段第一句可知，Lise Meitner高中毕业后没能上大学是因为当时在奥地利女孩子不允许上大学。
7．What did Lise Meitner probably realize when working in Berlin?
A．She was unfairly treated there.
B．She made the wrong college choice.
C．She should have kept her identity a secret.
D．She should find a better partner than Otto Hahn.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.”可知，由于身份的缘故，她被不公平地对待。
8．What was most probably Lise Meitner’s attitude toward the Nobel committee?
A．Indifferent. B．Unclear.
C．Angry. D．Supportive.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.”可推断，Meitner对诺贝尔奖委员会对自己的忽视感到非常气愤。
完形填空
Even though my grandfather was a farmer, my grandmother would iron(熨烫) his work clothes every day.She would sprinkle(喷洒) Grandpa’s __1__ with something, hang them over a chair so they could dry a bit, and then iron them.I __2__ her do this through my childhood.I thought every __3__ woman in the world did it.But as the years passed, I began to __4__ this practice.Why did Grandfather need his work clothes __5__？Most days, he never __6__ anyone but me and a few other farmers.
One day I asked Grandma about it.She told me that Grandpa was the most __7__ man in the world, and he was the __8__ of her life.
Later that day, I looked __9__ at Grandpa.He sure didn’t look all that handsome to me.He was a short and skinny man.His hair was __10__ on top, and his false teeth didn’t line up very well when he smiled.So I __11__Grandma about it again. I informed her I had observed Grandpa.She __12__and said, “You just aren’t viewing things from the __13__ perspective(角度)．Those eye wrinkles haven’t always been there.He had beautiful blue eyes.” She __14__，“I want him to feel beautiful.I iron his clothes every day __15__ he has made me feel beautiful for all these years.He is a man worthy of __16__．”I heard what she said and was still __17__．How could this old woman think that an old man with false __18__ was beautiful?
The years went on, and I watched Grandma and Grandpa grow old together.I __19__ knew what beauty really was—it was Grandma ironing Grandpa’s pants.I was ashamed and decided to __20__ the question I had asked.
【解题导语】 作者小时候经常看到祖母为祖父熨烫衣服，尽管祖父只是一个农民。作者开始对此很不理解，后来随着作者不断长大，才逐渐明白他们之间的爱以及什么才是真正的美。
1．A.suits B．scarves
C．pants D．shirts
C 解析：根据第一句中的“farmer”和“work clothes”以及最后一段中ironing Grandpa’s pants可知答案。
2．A.helped B．watched
C．heard D．made
B 解析：根据空前描述可知，因为“我”儿时一直看着祖母这样做，所以一直认为世界上所有的老妇人都是这样做的。
3．A.clean B．old
C．working D．attractive
B 解析：参考上题解析。且后文多次提到old。
4．A.miss B．admire
C．question D．appreciate
C 解析：根据空后句子的疑问可知，几年后，“我”开始质疑这种做法。
5．A.ironed B．washed
C．dried D．changed
A 解析：根据上文可知，此处是指熨烫。祖父是一个农民，所以“我”不知道为什么祖父的衣服需要熨烫，大多数时候，他只见“我”或其他一些农民。
6．A.invited B．pleased
C．greeted D．met
D 解析：参考上题解析。
7．A.honest B．handsome
C．energetic D．intelligent
B 解析：第三段第二句中的“handsome”有提示。祖母告诉“我”说，祖父是世界上最英俊的男人。
8．A.love B．mirror
C．future D．example
A 解析：根据下文内容可知，祖母很爱祖父。
9．A.closely B．doubtfully
C．patiently D．secretly
A 解析：根据本空后对祖父的描述可推知，那天晚些时候，“我”仔细观察了祖父。在“我”看来他确实没有那么帅。
10．A.black B．curly
C．thick D．thin
D 解析：祖父是一个身材矮小、瘦瘦的男人，头顶的头发稀薄，而且笑起来时露出的假牙也不太整齐。
11．A.informed B．reminded
C．asked D．warned
C 解析：根据上文可知，“我”和祖母对祖父的认识不一致，所以“我”又问祖母这个问题。
12．A.sighed B．apologized
C．nodded D．laughed
D 解析：根据上下文语境可推知，祖母一边笑一边对“我”说：“那是因为你没有从正确的角度观察。”
13．A.new B．right
C．same D．different
B 解析：参考上题解析。
14．A.repeated B．argued
C．continued D．accepted
C 解析：祖母继续说道：“我希望他觉得满意。”
15．A.though B．while
C．and D．because
D 解析：本空前后构成因果关系，祖母说：“我每天都给他熨烫衣服，因为这些年来，他让我感觉很满意很幸福。”
16．A.notice B．praise
C．respect D．attention
C 解析：虽然祖父是一个农民，在“我”看来并不帅，但是祖母让祖父每天都穿得体面，因为在祖母心里，祖父是一个值得尊重的人。
17．A.disappointed B．puzzled
C．ashamed D．proud
B 解析：根据空后句子可知，听了祖母的话“我”还是觉得很困惑。她怎么会认为一个满嘴假牙的老人美呢？
18．A.teeth B．hair
C．eyes D．ears
A 解析：参考上题解析。且第三段中的“false teeth”有提示。
19．A.hardly B．quickly
C．immediately D．gradually
D 解析：几年过去了，“我”看着祖父祖母一起慢慢变老。“我”也逐渐明白了什么才是真正的美。根据上文“我”的困惑以及该空前“The years went on”可知，该空为“慢慢地，逐渐地”。
20．A.forget B．consider
C．answer D．face
A 解析：因为“我”明白了祖父祖母之间的爱，所以对自己之前的无知感到羞愧，并决定忘了曾经问过的问题。
课件59张PPT。Unit 1 Great scientistsUnit 1 Great scientistsUnit 1 Great scientistsUnit 1 Great scientistsUnit 1 Great scientistsUnit 1 Great scientistsUnit 1 Great scientists本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
阅读理解
A
George Washington Carver was born some time in the early-mid 1860s. As a sickly child, Carver was unable to work in the fields, so he did gardening.He was left with many free hours to walk in the woods—beginning his career with nature.He soon became known as the “Plant Doctor” and would help friends and neighbors manage sick plants.
In 1890, Carver began to study music and art at Simpson College.His artwork was on show at the 1893 World’s Fair.Painting gave him the chance to combine his two loves—art and nature.Yet it was his talents(天赋) for gardening that took him in another direction in 1891．Carver became the first African-American to attend what is today Iowa State University.He proved to be a first-class student and upon graduation he became the school’s first African-American teacher.
In 1896, he received an invitation from Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School in Tuskegee, Alabama.Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.He and his students would search trash heaps(垃圾堆) for things to use.This proved that Dr.Carver was well ahead of his time.
In 1916, he published a research report on peanuts, which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy(经济) of the South when it was destroyed by the cotton insects’ attack.Carver continued his research with the peanut.He went on to find many uses for the peanut.But he didn’t invent peanut butter(花生酱)．
Dr.Carver’s research earned him much worldwide praise.Dr.George Washington Carver died on January 5, 1943, and was buried at Tuskegee.Carver contributed his whole life savings to Tuskegee.Upon his death, Franklin D. Roosevelt gave him the title “an inspiring example to youth everywhere”．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了植物学家George Washington Carver的生平。
1．How was Carver’s childhood?
A．He dreamed of being a doctor.
B．He grew crops in the fields.
C．He enjoyed good health.
D．He took up gardening.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he did gardening”可知，George Washington Carver年少时料理花园。
2．How was Carver’s performance during his education?
A．Bad. B．Strange.
C．Ordinary. D．Excellent.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He proved to be a first-class student”可知，George Washington Carver在学校表现出色。
3．What do we know about Carver’s life in Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School?
A．He was well paid by the school.
B．He relied on himself to build his lab.
C．He saved money by picking up trash.
D．He published his findings ahead of time.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.”可知，George Washington Carver所在的学校没有足够的资金，因此他依靠自己的力量来建立实验室。
4．What can be learned about Carver’s report on peanuts?
A．It made a contribution to the economy.
B．It included new findings on peanut butter.
C．It prevented peanuts from insects’ attack.
D．It helped farmers find many other uses of peanuts.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In 1916, he published a research report on peanuts, which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy(经济) of the South”可知， George Washington Carver的研究拯救了当时南方的经济危机。
B
Lise Meitner was born in Vienna, Austria on November 7, 1878.She was the third child of eight children in the family.Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well.Music was important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano.The Meitner children were taught to listen to their parents, but to think for themselves.
When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.But, inspired by the discovery of Henri Becquerel, she was determined to study radioactivity(放射性)．
When she turned 21, women were finally allowed into Austrian universities.Meitner was admitted into the University of Vienna; there she was excellent at math and physics and earned her doctor’s degree in 1906.She wrote to Marie Curie, but there was no room for her in the Paris lab, so Meitner made her way to Berlin.There she worked with Otto Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.
In 1912, the pair moved to a new university and Meitner had better lab equipment.Though Meitner was forced to escape Nazi Germany in 1938, they continued to co-work.Meitner continued her work in Sweden and later they found the phenomenon “nuclear fission(核裂变)”．The discovery, which finally led to the atomic bomb, won Hahn the Nobel Prize in 1944.Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.
【解题导语】 Lise Meitner是一位奥地利女科学家，文章介绍了她对核物理学的贡献。
5．What can we learn about Lise Meitner’s childhood?
A．She received a good education.
B．She often went against her parents.
C．She showed a great talent for music.
D．She lived a hard life with her family.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well.Music was important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano.”可知，Lise Meitner小时候接受了良好的教育。
6．Why didn’t Lise Meitner go to college after finishing high school?
A．She wasn’t interested in college.
B．Girls in her country were not allowed.
C．Her family couldn’t afford the school fees.
D．She wanted to study radioactivity by herself.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.”及第三段第一句可知，Lise Meitner高中毕业后没能上大学是因为当时在奥地利女孩子不允许上大学。
7．What did Lise Meitner probably realize when working in Berlin?
A．She was unfairly treated there.
B．She made the wrong college choice.
C．She should have kept her identity a secret.
D．She should find a better partner than Otto Hahn.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.”可知，由于身份的缘故，她被不公平地对待。
8．What was most probably Lise Meitner’s attitude toward the Nobel committee?
A．Indifferent. B．Unclear.
C．Angry. D．Supportive.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.”可推断，Meitner对诺贝尔奖委员会对自己的忽视感到非常气愤。
完形填空
Even though my grandfather was a farmer, my grandmother would iron(熨烫) his work clothes every day.She would sprinkle(喷洒) Grandpa’s __1__ with something, hang them over a chair so they could dry a bit, and then iron them.I __2__ her do this through my childhood.I thought every __3__ woman in the world did it.But as the years passed, I began to __4__ this practice.Why did Grandfather need his work clothes __5__？Most days, he never __6__ anyone but me and a few other farmers.
One day I asked Grandma about it.She told me that Grandpa was the most __7__ man in the world, and he was the __8__ of her life.
Later that day, I looked __9__ at Grandpa.He sure didn’t look all that handsome to me.He was a short and skinny man.His hair was __10__ on top, and his false teeth didn’t line up very well when he smiled.So I __11__Grandma about it again. I informed her I had observed Grandpa.She __12__and said, “You just aren’t viewing things from the __13__ perspective(角度)．Those eye wrinkles haven’t always been there.He had beautiful blue eyes.” She __14__，“I want him to feel beautiful.I iron his clothes every day __15__ he has made me feel beautiful for all these years.He is a man worthy of __16__．”I heard what she said and was still __17__．How could this old woman think that an old man with false __18__ was beautiful?
The years went on, and I watched Grandma and Grandpa grow old together.I __19__ knew what beauty really was—it was Grandma ironing Grandpa’s pants.I was ashamed and decided to __20__ the question I had asked.
【解题导语】 作者小时候经常看到祖母为祖父熨烫衣服，尽管祖父只是一个农民。作者开始对此很不理解，后来随着作者不断长大，才逐渐明白他们之间的爱以及什么才是真正的美。
1．A.suits B．scarves
C．pants D．shirts
C 解析：根据第一句中的“farmer”和“work clothes”以及最后一段中ironing Grandpa’s pants可知答案。
2．A.helped B．watched
C．heard D．made
B 解析：根据空前描述可知，因为“我”儿时一直看着祖母这样做，所以一直认为世界上所有的老妇人都是这样做的。
3．A.clean B．old
C．working D．attractive
B 解析：参考上题解析。且后文多次提到old。
4．A.miss B．admire
C．question D．appreciate
C 解析：根据空后句子的疑问可知，几年后，“我”开始质疑这种做法。
5．A.ironed B．washed
C．dried D．changed
A 解析：根据上文可知，此处是指熨烫。祖父是一个农民，所以“我”不知道为什么祖父的衣服需要熨烫，大多数时候，他只见“我”或其他一些农民。
6．A.invited B．pleased
C．greeted D．met
D 解析：参考上题解析。
7．A.honest B．handsome
C．energetic D．intelligent
B 解析：第三段第二句中的“handsome”有提示。祖母告诉“我”说，祖父是世界上最英俊的男人。
8．A.love B．mirror
C．future D．example
A 解析：根据下文内容可知，祖母很爱祖父。
9．A.closely B．doubtfully
C．patiently D．secretly
A 解析：根据本空后对祖父的描述可推知，那天晚些时候，“我”仔细观察了祖父。在“我”看来他确实没有那么帅。
10．A.black B．curly
C．thick D．thin
D 解析：祖父是一个身材矮小、瘦瘦的男人，头顶的头发稀薄，而且笑起来时露出的假牙也不太整齐。
11．A.informed B．reminded
C．asked D．warned
C 解析：根据上文可知，“我”和祖母对祖父的认识不一致，所以“我”又问祖母这个问题。
12．A.sighed B．apologized
C．nodded D．laughed
D 解析：根据上下文语境可推知，祖母一边笑一边对“我”说：“那是因为你没有从正确的角度观察。”
13．A.new B．right
C．same D．different
B 解析：参考上题解析。
14．A.repeated B．argued
C．continued D．accepted
C 解析：祖母继续说道：“我希望他觉得满意。”
15．A.though B．while
C．and D．because
D 解析：本空前后构成因果关系，祖母说：“我每天都给他熨烫衣服，因为这些年来，他让我感觉很满意很幸福。”
16．A.notice B．praise
C．respect D．attention
C 解析：虽然祖父是一个农民，在“我”看来并不帅，但是祖母让祖父每天都穿得体面，因为在祖母心里，祖父是一个值得尊重的人。
17．A.disappointed B．puzzled
C．ashamed D．proud
B 解析：根据空后句子可知，听了祖母的话“我”还是觉得很困惑。她怎么会认为一个满嘴假牙的老人美呢？
18．A.teeth B．hair
C．eyes D．ears
A 解析：参考上题解析。且第三段中的“false teeth”有提示。
19．A.hardly B．quickly
C．immediately D．gradually
D 解析：几年过去了，“我”看着祖父祖母一起慢慢变老。“我”也逐渐明白了什么才是真正的美。根据上文“我”的困惑以及该空前“The years went on”可知，该空为“慢慢地，逐渐地”。
20．A.forget B．consider
C．answer D．face
A 解析：因为“我”明白了祖父祖母之间的爱，所以对自己之前的无知感到羞愧，并决定忘了曾经问过的问题。
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
put forward 提出(计划、建议等)；把……提前；把钟/表拨快；推荐
[一词多义]——写出下列句中put forward的含义
①The suggestion he put forward at the meeting was turned down. 提出
②He was famous for his fine acting. No wonder he was put forward for the leading role in the play. 推荐，提名
③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes. 把表拨快
④They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week. 提前
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出；放一边
put off 推迟；延期
put out 熄灭；出版；生产
put up 举起；张贴；建造；为……提供住宿
put up with 容忍，忍受
[即学即练]——用put的相关短语填空
⑤Encourage children to put_aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.
⑥He put_forward a good proposal at the meeting，which made us very happy.
⑦It has become a habit for some students to put_off their homework.
[链接写作]——一句多译
在会议上他提出了解决这个难题的好办法。
⑧He came_up_with_a_good_idea to solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
⑨He put_forward_a_good_idea to solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出
(经典例句)He concluded his speech with a famous saying：Where there is a will，there is a way.
他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束了他的演讲。
(1)conclude from 从……中推断出
conclude that 推断出；断定
conclude... 以……结束
(2)conclusion n. 结论；结束
arrive at/come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 总而言之；最后
①He concluded from their words that they didn’t agree to the plan.
他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。
②(2016·天津卷)In conclusion，we have benefited from the activity.
总之，我们在这个活动中受益匪浅。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①John said he could conclude from Jane’s expression that Jane had stolen his money.
②I’ve come to the conclusion(conclude) that he’s not the right person for the job.
③At the end of the meeting, please make sure to conclude it with important points.
[链接写作]——一句多译
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
④I drew_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion)
⑤I concluded_from_my_own_experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)
attend vt.& vi.照顾；护理；出席；参加；上(学)
(教材P2)John Snow was a famous doctor in London—so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。
attend a meeting/a lecture/school 参加会议/听报告/上学
attend on/upon sb. 照顾某人；伺候某人
attend to 处理；对付；接待(顾客)；专心；注意
①I’m Li Hua and I’d like to invite you to attend a Tai Chi class which is held by our sports club.
我是李华， 我想邀请你参加我们体育俱乐部举办的太极课。
②As a daughter, I feel it my duty to attend on my sick mother.
作为一个女儿， 我认为照顾生病的母亲是我的责任。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①As far as I know, the patients are well attended(attend) in the hospital.
②I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend to．
[链接写作]——高考小作文
③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)知道您对中国文化感兴趣，我想邀请您与我一起参加展览。
Knowing that you show great interest in Chinese culture，I’d like to invite_you_to_attend_the_exhibition with me.
“照顾某人”的用法：attend (on) sb.; look after sb.; take care of sb.; watch over sb.
expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使接触到……
(教材P2)But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奋。
expose...to... 使……暴露于……；使……接触……
be exposed to... 暴露于……
①Travelling abroad exposes children to different languages and cultures.
去国外旅行会使孩子们接触到不同的语言和文化。
②Take care not to keep your children exposed to the bad books, net and magazines.
当心不要让孩子接触不良书籍、 网络和杂志。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Some people think we shouldn’t expose the children to playing(play) computer games.
②The more one is_exposed(expose) to the English-speaking environment, the better he or she will learn the language.
[链接写作]——一句多译
众所周知，长期暴晒于阳光下对皮肤有害。(expose)
③As we all know，being_exposed_to_the_sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
④It is well known to us that exposing_yourself_to_the_sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
cure n．治愈；疗法；痊愈
vt.治愈；治疗；改掉(坏习惯)
(教材P2)Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治愈方法。
(1)a cure for... ……的治疗方法；解决问题的措施
(2)cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的某种疾病；
改正某人的不良行为
①I hold the firm belief that scientists will find a cure for cancer sooner or later.
我坚信科学家迟早有一天会找到治疗癌症的方法。
②She tried her best to cure her child of the bad habit of laziness.
她想尽力纠正她孩子懒惰的坏习惯。
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
①(普通表达)The fresh air and exercise cured_him_of_his_sleeplessness(治愈他的失眠). It made him feel relief.
②(高级表达)The fresh air and exercise cured_him_of_his_sleeplessness_,_which_made_him_feel_relief．(定语从句)
challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战
(教材P2)John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem.
约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战并解决这个问题。
(1)a challenge to... 对……的挑战
face a challenge 面临挑战
accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战
(2)challenging adj. 具有挑战性的
①As a matter of fact, to find a cure for AIDS is a challenge to the whole world.
事实上，找到艾滋病的治疗方法对全世界来说是一个挑战。
②I kept practising until I became confident enough to challenge the good players.
我一直不断练习，直至我有足够的信心向优秀选手挑战。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①To defeat cholera, a deadly disease of its day, was a real challenge to many scientists.
②Teaching young children is a challenging(challenge) and rewarding job.
[链接写作]——完成句子
③他很自信， 总是随时准备接受任何挑战。
He is very confident and always ready_to_accept/take_up_any_challenge．
absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心
(教材P2)The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
(1)absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb...into... 把……吸收进……
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
absorb oneself in...＝be absorbed in... 全神贯注于……
①The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city. 四周的小城镇已并入这座城市。
②After absorbing enough water and sunlight，the plants grow well.
吸收了足够的水和阳光， 植物生长得很好。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I’ve just been so busy studying and trying to_absorb(absorb) all the new things around me.
②The boy sat beside the window, absorbed(absorb) in a novel.
[链接写作]——一句多译
汤姆那么专心于工作以至于他忘记告知我会议的时间。
③Tom was_so_absorbed_in_his_work that he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.
④Absorbed_in_his_work，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(分词作状语)
be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in...。类似的结构还有：
①be lost in... 陷入……；专心致志于……
②be caught in... 被困在……
③be buried in... 埋头于……
④be devoted to... 致力于……；专心于……
suspect vt.认为；怀疑 n．被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
(教材P2)John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.
约翰·斯诺认为第二种看法是正确的，但是他需要证据。
suspect sth./that... 怀疑……
suspect sb. to be... 怀疑某人是……
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
①After the shooting happened, the police arrested the suspect. 枪击案发生后，警方逮捕了嫌疑犯。
②They suspected him of supporting the party in secret.
他们怀疑他秘密地支持这个政党。
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)The man was missing last night. He was suspected of stealing the jewels from the shop.
(高级表达)The man, suspected_of_stealing_the_jewels_from_the_shop,_was_missing_last_night．(合并升级为分词作定语)
blame vt.责备；谴责 n．过失；责备
(教材P2)It seemed that the water was to blame.
看来水是罪魁祸首。
(1)blame sb.for sth. 因某事而责备某人
blame sth.on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上
be to blame 应受责备；应负责任
(2)take the blame for... 对……负责
put the blame for sth.on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
①Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.
我们应该多交流，换位思考而不是相互责怪。
②We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.
我们准备对所发生的事情承担责任。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She blamed her husband for the failure of their marriage.
＝She blamed the failure of their marriage on her husband.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock.
③It was the professor rather than his assistant that was to_blame(blame) for what had happened in the lab.
[链接写作]——一句多译
因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，艾丽斯的情绪很低落。
④Alice was in low spirits because she_was_blamed_for the breakdown of the school computer network.(状语从句)
⑤Blamed_for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.(分词作状语)
link...to/with... 将……和……联系或连接起来
(教材P3)In another part of London，he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。
(1)be linked to/with... 与……有联系
(2)There is a direct link between...and... 在……和……之间有 直接的联系。
①The new bridge being built now will link the island to the mainland.
这座正在建的新桥将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。
②There is a direct link between lung cancer and smoking.
肺癌与吸烟之间有直接的联系。
[链接写作]——完成句子
毫无疑问这个人与这起盗窃有密切的联系。
There is no doubt that this man is_closely_linked_to_the_theft．
announce vt.宣布；通告，预示
(教材P3)With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.
有了这个额外的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布被污染了的水带有(霍乱)病菌。
(1)announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣告某事
It is announced that... 据宣布……
(2)announcement n. 通告；宣告
make an announcement 宣布
announcer n. 播音员；广播员
①It is announced that there will be a celebration on National Day.
据宣布，国庆节要举办庆祝会。
②The warm sunshine announces that spring is coming.
温暖的阳光预示着春天即将到来。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It is wise to announce the news to the public.
②The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be_announced through the broadcast.(announce)
[链接写作]——完成句子
③据宣布只有大火得到控制居民才被允许返回家园。
It_is_announced_that only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes.
instruct vt.命令；指示；教导
(教材P3)The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. 自来水公司接到了指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。
(1)instruct sb. to do sth. 指示某人做某事
instruct that sb. (should) do sth. 命令/指示某人(应该)做某事
(2)instruction n. 教训；指示；用法说明(常用复数)
(3)instructive adj. 有教育意义的，有指导意义的
①He instructed me to handle the matter immediately.
他吩咐我立刻处理这件事情。
②In my opinion, it is necessary to follow the instructions on the bottle when taking medicine.
依我看来，有必要按照药瓶上的说明来吃药。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2016·天津卷)As scheduled, we took part in several instructive(instruct) activities.
②The judge instructed that the witness(should)_tell(tell) the truth.
[链接写作]——一句多译
这些学生需要一位老师来指导他们绘画。
③The students need a teacher to instruct them to_paint．
④The students need a teacher to instruct them in_painting．
neither...nor...既不……也不……
(教材P2)Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治愈方法。
neither...nor...既不……也不……，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。
遵循“就近一致原则”的其他并列连词：
either...or... 不是……就是……
not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
not...but... 不是……而是……
①Neither his parents nor he has visited his grandparents so far this month.
他和父母这个月至今为止都没看望他的祖父母。
②As far as I’m concerned, it is not you but I am to blame for the mistake.
依我看来，是我该为此错误受到责备，而不是你。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes(take) great interest in the piano lessons now.
②I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
③Either you or one of your students are to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. are→is
[链接写作]——句式升级
④(普通表达)The teacher is not content with the result. The students are not content with the result.
(高级表达)Neither_the_teacher_nor_the_students_are content with the result.
every time引导时间状语从句
(教材P2)So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 所以每次霍乱爆发时，就有成千上万对之感到害怕的人死亡。
(1)every time用作连词，意为“每次……”，引导时间状语从句。
(2)含有time的时间名词短语作连词的还有：
each time 每次
(the) next time 下次
(the) last time 上次
the first time 第一次
①I think of the happy hours we spent together every time I see these photos. 每次看到这些照片，我都会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。
②The first time he came to the city, he decided to settle there.
他第一次来到那个城市时，就决定在那里安家。
[即学即练]——单句改错
①The next time when you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip.去掉when
②They rushed out on the moment they heard the shout for help.去掉on
[链接写作]——完成句子
③Every_time_he_arrived_home(每次他到家) at the end of the day, we’d greet him at the door.
④Next_time_you_come_to_Beijing(下次你来北京), be sure to let me know in advance.
so/such...that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以致于……”
(教材P2)In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
(他发现)在两条特别的街上这种疫情很严重，以至于10天之内500多人死去。
(1)so...that...句型的常见形式：
(2)such...that...句型的基本结构：
①(2016·北京卷)We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school. 我们做得如此好，以至于我们被邀请与我们学校的所有学生分享我们的想法和经验。
②He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him. 他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①There were so many books in the bookstore that I didn’t know which one to choose.
②Dalian is such an attractive place that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
③It is such lovely weather that we all want to go out for a walk.
④(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.去掉_much
[链接写作]——高考小作文
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)新建体育馆那么大以至于能容纳我校所有师生。
The newly-built stadium is_so_big_that it can hold all the teachers and students in our school.
品句填词
1．After receiving hard training for one year，he finally defeated(打败，战胜) the former champion.
2．The meeting I’m going to attend(参加) will be about how to find a cure for cancer.
3．The police suspected(怀疑) the young man of taking away the important paper.
4．The government took measures to prevent our city from being_polluted(污染) more seriously.
5．They have announced(宣布，发布) that they will hold their wedding ceremony next week.
6．The wise man said that he could foresee(预见) what would happen to the arrogant young lady.
7．The team are working hard to analyse(分析) the problem so that they can find the best solution.
8．You’ve failed to do what you were expected to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame(责备) you.
9．Don’t expose(暴露) your skin to the sun for too long，or you will get sunburned.
10．Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints were handled(处理)．
单句改错
1．Don’t drink polluting water，because it carries the disease.polluting→polluted
2．The first textbook was written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.去掉was或was前加that
3．Always read the instruction on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.instruction→instructions
4．He ran such quickly that we all couldn’t catch up with him.such→so
5．Neither he nor his parents has seen the film.has→have
6．I felt nervous for the first time I spoke in public.去掉for
7．Absorb in his work，Tom forgot to inform her of it.Absorb→Absorbed
8．Professor Zhang is rich in knowledge, so we all like to attend on his lecture.去掉on
课文语法填空
John Snow was such 1．an expert doctor that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.However，cholera，as a 2.deadly(dead) disease of its day，threatened ordinary people.No one understood its cause or its cure.Every time cholera broke out，large numbers of 3.frightened(frighten) people died.John Snow was determined 4.to_solve(solve) this problem.He knew only if he found its cause would it be controlled.
There were two theories that 5.possibly(possible) explained how cholera killed people.John Snow 6.preferred(prefer) the theory that people absorbed this disease 7.into their bodies with their meals.
In 1854 another outbreak hit London.John Snow decided to begin his enquiry.He marked the places on a map，8.which gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.He found many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street.Some houses had no deaths because these people drank free beer.It seemed that the water was to blame.He made further 9.investigations(investigate) and found extra evidence in another part of London.He concluded that polluted water led to the disease.Finally “King Cholera” 10.was_defeated(defeat)．
单句语法填空
1．The local government has taken measures to clean the polluted(pollute) river.
2．Lisa will be free tomorrow，so she will go to the hospital to_attend(attend) her uncle.
3．We need to take all these causes into consideration before drawing a conclusion(conclude)．
4．Wang Yang published a paper in the scientific(science) journal when he was a college student.
5．The company made an announcement(announce) that they decided to introduce their products to Asia.
6．About one-third American children are overweight，which puts them at increasing risk of deadly(dead) diseases.
7．The visiting team was_defeated(defeat) by our women football team last night，which made our fans excited and proud.
8．When asked about his dream，Jack says he wants to be a painter(paint) when he grows up.
9．He accepted the challenge and went straight to the stadium，as instructed(instruct)．
10．When entering the room，we found the girl absorbed(absorb) in reading a novel.
阅读理解
A
Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth.
Sir Isaac Newton, the seventeenth century scientist, was very smart, but that didn’t stop him from doing some pretty stupid things. In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments. Once, while testing how light passes through lenses(晶状体)，he put a long needle into his eye, pushed it to the back, and then moved it around just to see what would happen. Luckily, nothing long－lasting did. On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear, to discover what effect this would have on his sight. Again he escaped suffering permanent damage, though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes recovered.
In the 1750s the Swedish chemist Karl Scheele was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus(磷). He in fact discovered eight more chemical elements including chlorine(氯)，though he didn’t get any praise for them. He was a very clever scientist, but his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with. This risky practice finally caught up with him, and in 1786 he was found dead in his laboratory surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals, any of which might have been responsible for his death.
Eugene Shoemaker was a respected geologist. He spent a large part of his life studying craters(火山口) on the moon, and how they were formed, and later did research into the comets of the planet Jupiter. In 1997 he and his wife were in the Australian desert where they went every year to search for places where comets might have hit the earth. While driving in the Tanami desert, normally one of the emptiest places in the world, another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot. Some of his ashes(骨灰) were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there—he is the only person who has had this honor.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了三位科学家冒着牺牲健康甚至是生命的危险在寻找真理的科学之路上所遭受的苦难。
1．What does the underlined word “permanent” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Brief. B．Slight.
C．Lasting. D．Ordinary.
C 解析：词义猜测题。由第二段介绍牛顿把针插到眼睛里做实验的结果“Luckily, nothing long－lasting did.”和他盯着太阳看的实验结果“Again he escaped...damage”可知，两次危险的实验都没有让牛顿遭受持久性的伤害。
2．What did Karl Scheele like doing when performing experiments?
A．Tasting chemicals.
B．Staying in the empty lab.
C．Experimenting in darkness.
D．Working together with others.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段的“his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with”可知，Karl Scheele有一个缺点是他喜欢在做实验时品尝化学品的味道。
3．What special honor was Shoemaker given after his death?
A．He was buried in the Tanami desert.
B．Some of his ashes were placed on the moon.
C．One comet of Jupiter was named after him.
D．A spacecraft carrying him traveled around Jupiter.
B 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段的“Some of his ashes(骨灰) were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there—he is the only person who has had this honor.”可知，Shoemaker是唯一死后其部分骨灰被放到了月球上的人。
4．The text is mainly about three great scientists’ ________．
A．special honors B．great achievements
C．famous experiments D．suffering in the job
D 解析：主旨大意题。文章首段即本文主旨段，下文接着描述了三位科学家冒着牺牲健康甚至是生命的危险在寻找真理的科学之路上所遭受的苦难。
B
Philo Farnsworth is not a name most people know. But his work changed the way we learn, the way we live, and even the way we think. Philo Farnsworth is responsible for one of the most important inventions of the 20th century: television.
Philo Farnsworth was born in America in 1906. He was interested in science and technology at an early age. When he was twelve years old, he built an electric motor for his family’s washing machine. When he was fourteen, he was already giving a lot of thought to electrons(电子). As he was driving the family’s horse-drawn plowing machine, he noticed the evenly spaced rows of the potato fields. This sight gave him the idea that electrons could scan(扫描) an image one row at a time—an idea that was the key to electronic television.
By the time he was twenty-one years old, Farnsworth had started his own company and had managed to build the world’s first electronic television. It was a very simple device(设备). But after years of hard work, Farnsworth was able to introduce the kind of television we now use.
Farnsworth was a great inventor, but he lived an unhappy life. He had a legal battle with the company, Radio Corporation of America(RCA) over who the real inventor of the TV was. He_won_the_case,_but the government stopped companies from making TVs during the war, so Farnsworth didn’t make much money from the invention.
When Farnsworth was young, he imagined television as a convenient way for distant audiences to enjoy lectures by famous professors, or entertainment by the best symphonies(交响乐) and ballets. When he was older, television became much more popular, but he was very disappointed in the silly programs on TV. He even told his own son, “There’s nothing on it worthwhile, and we’re not going to watch it in this household.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章是对电视机的真正发明者Philo Farnsworth的介绍。
5．What can we learn about Philo Farnsworth?
A．He had a strong physical advantage.
B．He had strong powers of observation.
C．He had a strong interest in journalism.
D．He had a strong sense of responsibility.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第二段的“he noticed the evenly spaced rows of the potato fields. This sight gave him the idea that...”可知，Farnsworth具有敏锐的观察力。
6．The underlined sentence showed Farnsworth was legally recognized as ________．
A．the real founder of RCA
B．the real inventor of the TV
C．the greatest inventor of his time
D．the organizer of the battle with RCA
B 解析：句意理解题。画线部分的the case指代上文的“a legal battle with the company...(RCA) over who the real inventor of the TV was”，由此可知，赢了案件的Farnsworth被认定是电视机的真正发明者。
7．The last paragraph mainly tells us that Farnsworth ________．
A．didn’t like to watch TV programs
B．couldn’t afford to buy a TV set
C．couldn’t listen to famous lectures
D．didn’t like what television became
D 解析：段落大意题。由最后一段的“he was very disappointed in the silly programs on TV”可知，电视节目后来的发展与Farnsworth最初的设想背道而驰；再由他说的“There’s nothing on it worthwhile”可知，他不喜欢后来电视所变成的样子。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．How Did Philo Farnsworth Invent Television?
B．What Caused Philo Farnsworth to Invent Television?
C．Philo Farnsworth: the Unhappy Father of Television
D．Philo Farnsworth: a Well-known Scientist and Inventor
C 解析：标题归纳题。本文旨在介绍电视机的真正发明者Philo Farnsworth，再由最后两段内容可知，C项作标题符合文意。
七选五
What does it really mean to be successful?
1．________．It is about being able to live a happy life.
If you want to have a successful life，here are three things you need to focus on.
·Believe in yourself
If you don’t believe in yourself，how do you expect other people to? When you believe in yourself，it fuels(促进) your creativity and your motivation(动力) to do things.All successful people from Gandhi to Tesla believed in themselves.2.________．We all have to trust that we have the ability to turn the impossible into the possible.
·Know your intention
3．________， it is important to have an understanding of your intention.If your intention is simply rooted in money and fame，you are never going to truly feel successful.Money and fame only serve the ego(自负) and don’t provide true feelings of success.For a truly successful life，your intention has to be rooted in your purpose and passions(热情)．When your intention is to serve your purpose，make a change in the world and express your talents，you will feel true success and satisfaction.
·4.________
Success is all around you right now.Stop to take a moment and you’ll notice the amazing success that is already present in your life.5.________．Being thankful for the tiniest successes in life will help you to create more and more success.
A．Realize you are already successful
B．Discover the true meaning of success
C．This is what gave them the drive to succeed
D．If you want to create a good living condition
E．When it comes to achieving greatness in this life
F．That is when you will start to feel truly successful
G．Success is so much more than just money or fame
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就成功提出三点建议，告诫人们：成功不仅仅只是收获名利，而是内心的满足。只要相信自己、明确目标、懂得满足，你就是成功的。
1．G 解析：根据上文“What does it really mean to be successful？”及下文中的“It is about being able to live a happy life.”可知，此空应为成功的定义。G项指出，成功不只是金钱和名誉，符合上下文语境。
2．C 解析：根据上文中的“All successful people from Gandhi to Tesla believed in themselves.”可知，此空指，正是他们相信自己，他们才有动力去取得巨大成就。C项符合语境。
3．E 解析：根据下文中的“If your intention is simply rooted in money and fame，you are never going to truly feel successful.”可知，如果目标不正确，不会觉得自己成功。因此上文提出：在讨论如何取得成功之前，首先要对人生的目标有正确的理解。E项符合语境。
4．A 解析：根据下文中的“you’ll notice the amazing success that is already present in your life”可知，第三点建议为：要意识到你已经是成功的。A项符合语境。
5．F 解析：根据上文的描述可知，停下脚步，你就会发现你所取得的成就。F项中“That is when...”呼应上文中的moment，此时此刻你会感受到真正的成功。
课件73张PPT。Unit 1 Great scientists本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．After receiving hard training for one year，he finally defeated(打败，战胜) the former champion.
2．The meeting I’m going to attend(参加) will be about how to find a cure for cancer.
3．The police suspected(怀疑) the young man of taking away the important paper.
4．The government took measures to prevent our city from being_polluted(污染) more seriously.
5．They have announced(宣布，发布) that they will hold their wedding ceremony next week.
6．The wise man said that he could foresee(预见) what would happen to the arrogant young lady.
7．The team are working hard to analyse(分析) the problem so that they can find the best solution.
8．You’ve failed to do what you were expected to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame(责备) you.
9．Don’t expose(暴露) your skin to the sun for too long，or you will get sunburned.
10．Most customers were satisfied with the way their complaints were handled(处理)．
单句改错
1．Don’t drink polluting water，because it carries the disease.polluting→polluted
2．The first textbook was written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.去掉was或was前加that
3．Always read the instruction on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.instruction→instructions
4．He ran such quickly that we all couldn’t catch up with him.such→so
5．Neither he nor his parents has seen the film.has→have
6．I felt nervous for the first time I spoke in public.去掉for
7．Absorb in his work，Tom forgot to inform her of it.Absorb→Absorbed
8．Professor Zhang is rich in knowledge, so we all like to attend on his lecture.去掉on
课文语法填空
John Snow was such 1．an expert doctor that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.However，cholera，as a 2.deadly(dead) disease of its day，threatened ordinary people.No one understood its cause or its cure.Every time cholera broke out，large numbers of 3.frightened(frighten) people died.John Snow was determined 4.to_solve(solve) this problem.He knew only if he found its cause would it be controlled.
There were two theories that 5.possibly(possible) explained how cholera killed people.John Snow 6.preferred(prefer) the theory that people absorbed this disease 7.into their bodies with their meals.
In 1854 another outbreak hit London.John Snow decided to begin his enquiry.He marked the places on a map，8.which gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.He found many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street.Some houses had no deaths because these people drank free beer.It seemed that the water was to blame.He made further 9.investigations(investigate) and found extra evidence in another part of London.He concluded that polluted water led to the disease.Finally “King Cholera” 10.was_defeated(defeat)．
单句语法填空
1．The local government has taken measures to clean the polluted(pollute) river.
2．Lisa will be free tomorrow，so she will go to the hospital to_attend(attend) her uncle.
3．We need to take all these causes into consideration before drawing a conclusion(conclude)．
4．Wang Yang published a paper in the scientific(science) journal when he was a college student.
5．The company made an announcement(announce) that they decided to introduce their products to Asia.
6．About one-third American children are overweight，which puts them at increasing risk of deadly(dead) diseases.
7．The visiting team was_defeated(defeat) by our women football team last night，which made our fans excited and proud.
8．When asked about his dream，Jack says he wants to be a painter(paint) when he grows up.
9．He accepted the challenge and went straight to the stadium，as instructed(instruct)．
10．When entering the room，we found the girl absorbed(absorb) in reading a novel.
阅读理解
A
Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth.
Sir Isaac Newton, the seventeenth century scientist, was very smart, but that didn’t stop him from doing some pretty stupid things. In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments. Once, while testing how light passes through lenses(晶状体)，he put a long needle into his eye, pushed it to the back, and then moved it around just to see what would happen. Luckily, nothing long－lasting did. On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear, to discover what effect this would have on his sight. Again he escaped suffering permanent damage, though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes recovered.
In the 1750s the Swedish chemist Karl Scheele was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus(磷). He in fact discovered eight more chemical elements including chlorine(氯)，though he didn’t get any praise for them. He was a very clever scientist, but his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with. This risky practice finally caught up with him, and in 1786 he was found dead in his laboratory surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals, any of which might have been responsible for his death.
Eugene Shoemaker was a respected geologist. He spent a large part of his life studying craters(火山口) on the moon, and how they were formed, and later did research into the comets of the planet Jupiter. In 1997 he and his wife were in the Australian desert where they went every year to search for places where comets might have hit the earth. While driving in the Tanami desert, normally one of the emptiest places in the world, another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot. Some of his ashes(骨灰) were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there—he is the only person who has had this honor.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了三位科学家冒着牺牲健康甚至是生命的危险在寻找真理的科学之路上所遭受的苦难。
1．What does the underlined word “permanent” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Brief. B．Slight.
C．Lasting. D．Ordinary.
C 解析：词义猜测题。由第二段介绍牛顿把针插到眼睛里做实验的结果“Luckily, nothing long－lasting did.”和他盯着太阳看的实验结果“Again he escaped...damage”可知，两次危险的实验都没有让牛顿遭受持久性的伤害。
2．What did Karl Scheele like doing when performing experiments?
A．Tasting chemicals.
B．Staying in the empty lab.
C．Experimenting in darkness.
D．Working together with others.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段的“his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with”可知，Karl Scheele有一个缺点是他喜欢在做实验时品尝化学品的味道。
3．What special honor was Shoemaker given after his death?
A．He was buried in the Tanami desert.
B．Some of his ashes were placed on the moon.
C．One comet of Jupiter was named after him.
D．A spacecraft carrying him traveled around Jupiter.
B 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段的“Some of his ashes(骨灰) were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there—he is the only person who has had this honor.”可知，Shoemaker是唯一死后其部分骨灰被放到了月球上的人。
4．The text is mainly about three great scientists’ ________．
A．special honors B．great achievements
C．famous experiments D．suffering in the job
D 解析：主旨大意题。文章首段即本文主旨段，下文接着描述了三位科学家冒着牺牲健康甚至是生命的危险在寻找真理的科学之路上所遭受的苦难。
B
Philo Farnsworth is not a name most people know. But his work changed the way we learn, the way we live, and even the way we think. Philo Farnsworth is responsible for one of the most important inventions of the 20th century: television.
Philo Farnsworth was born in America in 1906. He was interested in science and technology at an early age. When he was twelve years old, he built an electric motor for his family’s washing machine. When he was fourteen, he was already giving a lot of thought to electrons(电子). As he was driving the family’s horse-drawn plowing machine, he noticed the evenly spaced rows of the potato fields. This sight gave him the idea that electrons could scan(扫描) an image one row at a time—an idea that was the key to electronic television.
By the time he was twenty-one years old, Farnsworth had started his own company and had managed to build the world’s first electronic television. It was a very simple device(设备). But after years of hard work, Farnsworth was able to introduce the kind of television we now use.
Farnsworth was a great inventor, but he lived an unhappy life. He had a legal battle with the company, Radio Corporation of America(RCA) over who the real inventor of the TV was. He_won_the_case,_but the government stopped companies from making TVs during the war, so Farnsworth didn’t make much money from the invention.
When Farnsworth was young, he imagined television as a convenient way for distant audiences to enjoy lectures by famous professors, or entertainment by the best symphonies(交响乐) and ballets. When he was older, television became much more popular, but he was very disappointed in the silly programs on TV. He even told his own son, “There’s nothing on it worthwhile, and we’re not going to watch it in this household.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章是对电视机的真正发明者Philo Farnsworth的介绍。
5．What can we learn about Philo Farnsworth?
A．He had a strong physical advantage.
B．He had strong powers of observation.
C．He had a strong interest in journalism.
D．He had a strong sense of responsibility.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第二段的“he noticed the evenly spaced rows of the potato fields. This sight gave him the idea that...”可知，Farnsworth具有敏锐的观察力。
6．The underlined sentence showed Farnsworth was legally recognized as ________．
A．the real founder of RCA
B．the real inventor of the TV
C．the greatest inventor of his time
D．the organizer of the battle with RCA
B 解析：句意理解题。画线部分的the case指代上文的“a legal battle with the company...(RCA) over who the real inventor of the TV was”，由此可知，赢了案件的Farnsworth被认定是电视机的真正发明者。
7．The last paragraph mainly tells us that Farnsworth ________．
A．didn’t like to watch TV programs
B．couldn’t afford to buy a TV set
C．couldn’t listen to famous lectures
D．didn’t like what television became
D 解析：段落大意题。由最后一段的“he was very disappointed in the silly programs on TV”可知，电视节目后来的发展与Farnsworth最初的设想背道而驰；再由他说的“There’s nothing on it worthwhile”可知，他不喜欢后来电视所变成的样子。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．How Did Philo Farnsworth Invent Television?
B．What Caused Philo Farnsworth to Invent Television?
C．Philo Farnsworth: the Unhappy Father of Television
D．Philo Farnsworth: a Well-known Scientist and Inventor
C 解析：标题归纳题。本文旨在介绍电视机的真正发明者Philo Farnsworth，再由最后两段内容可知，C项作标题符合文意。
七选五
What does it really mean to be successful?
1．________．It is about being able to live a happy life.
If you want to have a successful life，here are three things you need to focus on.
·Believe in yourself
If you don’t believe in yourself，how do you expect other people to? When you believe in yourself，it fuels(促进) your creativity and your motivation(动力) to do things.All successful people from Gandhi to Tesla believed in themselves.2.________．We all have to trust that we have the ability to turn the impossible into the possible.
·Know your intention
3．________， it is important to have an understanding of your intention.If your intention is simply rooted in money and fame，you are never going to truly feel successful.Money and fame only serve the ego(自负) and don’t provide true feelings of success.For a truly successful life，your intention has to be rooted in your purpose and passions(热情)．When your intention is to serve your purpose，make a change in the world and express your talents，you will feel true success and satisfaction.
·4.________
Success is all around you right now.Stop to take a moment and you’ll notice the amazing success that is already present in your life.5.________．Being thankful for the tiniest successes in life will help you to create more and more success.
A．Realize you are already successful
B．Discover the true meaning of success
C．This is what gave them the drive to succeed
D．If you want to create a good living condition
E．When it comes to achieving greatness in this life
F．That is when you will start to feel truly successful
G．Success is so much more than just money or fame
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就成功提出三点建议，告诫人们：成功不仅仅只是收获名利，而是内心的满足。只要相信自己、明确目标、懂得满足，你就是成功的。
1．G 解析：根据上文“What does it really mean to be successful？”及下文中的“It is about being able to live a happy life.”可知，此空应为成功的定义。G项指出，成功不只是金钱和名誉，符合上下文语境。
2．C 解析：根据上文中的“All successful people from Gandhi to Tesla believed in themselves.”可知，此空指，正是他们相信自己，他们才有动力去取得巨大成就。C项符合语境。
3．E 解析：根据下文中的“If your intention is simply rooted in money and fame，you are never going to truly feel successful.”可知，如果目标不正确，不会觉得自己成功。因此上文提出：在讨论如何取得成功之前，首先要对人生的目标有正确的理解。E项符合语境。
4．A 解析：根据下文中的“you’ll notice the amazing success that is already present in your life”可知，第三点建议为：要意识到你已经是成功的。A项符合语境。
5．F 解析：根据上文的描述可知，停下脚步，你就会发现你所取得的成就。F项中“That is when...”呼应上文中的moment，此时此刻你会感受到真正的成功。
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1．chart n． 图表
2．positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的
3．reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃
4．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
拓展词汇
5．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物
6．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．贡献；捐款
7．movement n．移动；运动；动作→move v．移动；搬动
8．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution n．小心；谨慎
阅读词汇
9．backward adv.& adj. 向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)
10．spin vi.& vt. (使)旋转；纺(线或纱)
11．universe n. 宇宙；世界
12．co-operative adj. 合作的
13．creative adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的
14．firework n. 烟火(燃放)
重点短语
1．apart_from 除……之外；此外
2．(be)_strict_with... 对……严格的
3．make_sense 讲得通；有意义
4．lead_to 通向；导致
5．come_to_an_end 结束
6．at_times 有时
7．make_room_for 为……腾地方
8．be_responsible_for 对……负责
重点句型
1．only if位于句首引起的倒装句
Only_if_you_put_the_sun_there(只有你把太阳放在那里) did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
2．with复合结构
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with_the_planets_going_round_it(行星围绕着它) and only the moon still going round the earth.
Read the passage and choose the best answer.
1．Copernicus felt confused and frightened，because ________．
A．his conclusion was against that of the Christian Church
B．his calculations were wrong
C．his findings were for the Christian Church
D．he failed to prove his theory
2．The theory that the earth was the centre of the universe couldn’t explain that ________．
A．God had made the world
B．all the planets moved around the earth
C．some planets appeared brighter at times and less bright at others
D．the Christian Church was powerful
3．It was obvious that Copernicus reached his conclusion by ________．
A．reasoning and imagination
B．observation and calculation
C．observation and imagination
D．calculation and imagination
答案：1－3.ACB
①revolutionary[?rev?'lu???n?rI]adj.革命的；重大变革的
②confused[k?n'fju?zd]adj.迷惑的；混乱的
③ignore[Iɡ'n??]vt.不理睬；忽视
④calculation[?k?lkju'leI?n]n.计算
⑤lead to导致；通向
⑥movement['mu?vm?nt]n.运动；移动；动作
⑦make sense讲得通；有意义
⑧powerful['pa??fl]adj.有权势的；有影响力的
⑨arise[?'raIz]vi.出现，发生，产生
⑩astronomer[?'str?n?m?(r)]n．天文学家
?backward['b?kw?d]adv.& adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)
move backward向后移动
?loop[lu?p]n.圆；环
in a loop呈环状
?work on致力于
?complete[k?m'pli?t]adj.完整的，完全的
?privately['praIvItlI]adv.私下地；秘密地
?fixed[fIkst] adj.固定的；不变的
?spin[spIn]vi.& vt.(spun，spun)(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)
?brightness['braItnIs]n.明亮；亮度；聪颖
?enthusiastic[In?θju?zI'?stIk]adj.热心的；热情的
be enthusiastic about对……热心
?cautious['k????s]adj.小心的；谨慎的
be cautious about对……小心谨慎
reject[rI'd?ekt]vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃
be against反对，违背
be for支持，赞同
replace[rI'pleIs]vt.代替
create[krI'eIt]vt.创造；产生
obviously['?bvI?slI]adv.明显地；显然地
COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONARY① THEORY
Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused②.Although he had tried to ignore③ them, all his mathematical calculations④ led to⑤ the same conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements⑥ of the other planets in the sky make sense⑦. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful⑧ Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea. They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.
◆that...solar system为同位语从句，解释说明conclusion的具体内容。
◆此处“Only＋if引导的条件状语从句”置于句首，主句要用部分倒装结构，主句谓语中的助动词did移至主句主语之前。
◆as...such an idea为as引导的原因状语从句，从句中would have punished表示对过去将要发生的事情的假设。
The problem arose⑨ because astronomers⑩ had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward? and then go forward in a loop?. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.
◆The problem arose为主句，because...in a loop为because引导的原因状语从句，在原因状语从句中含有that引导的宾语从句。
Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them.But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on? it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete?.
◆现在分词短语improving...complete作伴随状语，其中含有until引导的时间状语从句。
In 1514 he showed it privately? to his friends.The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary.He placed a fixed? sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning? as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness? of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic? and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious?.He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church，so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543．
◆he made...theory为定语从句，修饰先行词The changes，关系代词that或which已省略。
◆with... the earth为with复合结构，作伴随状语，现在分词短语going round it及going round the earth作宾补。
◆so连接两个并列分句，表示因果关系；as...in 1543为as引导的时间状语从句。
Certainly he was right to be careful.The Christian Church rejectedB21 his theory, saying it was againstB22 God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked．Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replacedB23 the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God createdB24 the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus showed this was obviouslyB25 wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.
◆现在分词短语saying...attacked作状语，其中who supported it为定语从句，修饰先行词people。
◆on which...built为on which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the basis。
◆which said...the universe为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Christian idea of gravity。said后面是宾语从句，宾语从句中又包含because引导的原因状语从句。
哥白尼的革命性理论
尼古拉·哥白尼很害怕，他的思维很混乱。虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出同一个结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。然而，他不能把他的这个理论告诉任何人，因为即使他只是暗示了这种想法，也会受到有影响力的基督教教会的惩罚。教会认为上帝创造了世界，正因为如此，地球才是特殊的，它一定是太阳系的中心。
问题出现了，因为天文学家们曾经注意到，天上有些行星似乎会停下来，后移然后呈环状向前移动。另一些有时看上去比较亮，有时又不怎么亮。如果地球是太阳系的中心，而所有的行星都是围绕着地球转动的话，那么这种现象就很奇怪了。
哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久，并试图找出答案。他曾经收集过观测恒星的数据，并且用他全部的数学知识来解释它们。但是只有他的新理论能对此做出解释。于是在1510年到1514年之间，他一直致力于这项研究，逐步完善他的理论，直到他觉得这个理论是完整的为止。
1514年，他私下里把他的理论证明给他的朋友。他对旧理论所做的修改是革命性的。他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，行星都绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。他还表明地球在绕着太阳转的同时，也在自转，这就解释了行星运动的变化以及恒星亮度的变化。他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公布于世，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。他不想遭到基督教教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终之前才公布了这一观点。
当然，他的小心谨慎是对的。基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而且支持这种理论的人都会遭到攻击。然而现在哥白尼的理论是我们所有的宇宙观建立的基础。他的理论取代了基督教的地心引力说，地心引力说认为物体往地面上落是因为上帝把地球创造成了宇宙的中心。哥白尼指出这明显是错误的。如今人们可以看到，他的理论与艾萨克·牛顿、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦以及史蒂芬·霍金的研究都有着直接的联系。
contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；有助于；投稿
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will contribute to your understanding the poems.
了解唐朝的历史有助于你理解这些诗。
(1)contribute...to... 把……贡献给……
contribute to... 导致……；向……投稿；有助于……
(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件
make a contribution to... 对……做出贡献
①It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum to the charity.
她很大方，向慈善机构捐助了这么一大笔钱。
②Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
摄入太多的脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压的发生。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
②He has made great contributions(contribute) to the space development program.
③Your contribution(contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.
[链接写作]——词汇/句式升级
④(普通表达)The police drew a conclusion that careless driving led to the terrible accident.
(高级表达)The police drew a conclusion that it_was_careless_driving_that_contributed_to the terrible accident.(强调句型)
apart from 除……之外；此外
(教材P4)Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.
除了上面提到的结构，你们还学过以下的一些短语。
①Apart from hard-working, he was modest. No wonder he could make great achievements.
除了工作努力，他还很谦逊。难怪他会取得重大成就。
②It’s a good article apart from a few slight faults.
除了有几个小毛病外，这是一篇好文章。
apart from
具有多重意义，既可代替besides，也可代替except或except for
besides
“除了……之外(还有)”，即把除去的部分也包括在整体之内
except
“除了……之外”，表示在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分不包括在整体之内
except for
“除了……之外”，用于引出细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思
[即学即练]——选词填空
①Apart_from(apart from/except for) busy schoolwork, the children also have to attend art, music and sports classes in their free time.
②Your composition is good except_for(except for/besides) a couple of spelling mistakes.
③Nowadays some people choose jobs for other reasons besides(except/besides) the pay.
④He knew nothing about her journey except_that(except/except that) she was to be away for months.
(be) strict with... 对……严格的
(经典例句)Her parents are strict with her, which helps her succeed in her life.
她的父母对她要求严格，这帮助她在人生中取得成功。
be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
be strict in sth. 在某事方面要求严格
①To be admitted to a famous university, we must be strict with ourselves.
为了被知名大学录取，我们必须严格要求自己。
②As a teacher, he is strict with his students as well as in his work.
作为一名老师，他既对学生要求严格，也对自己的事业要求严格。
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
①(普通表达)The scientist is absorbed in his work and he is_always_strict_with_himself(总是严格要求自己)．
②(高级表达)The scientist, who_is_absorbed_in_his_work,_is_always_strict_with_himself．(定语从句)
make sense 有意义；讲得通；有道理
(经典例句)This sentence just doesn’t make sense, no matter how you read it.
无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。
(1)make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 没道理；没意义
(2)There is no sense in doing sth. 做……没道理/没意义。
in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不
①He doesn’t talk much, but what he says makes sense.
他话不多，但言之有理。
②As far as I’m concerned，there is no sense in getting upset about it now. 就我而言，现在为这事苦恼是没有意义的。
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.
(高级表达)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make_sense_of them at all.
enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
(教材P7)His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious.
他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公布于世，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。
(1)be enthusiastic about 非常喜欢；热衷于
be enthusiastic to do sth. 非常喜欢做某事
(2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热心
①Now many people are enthusiastic about contributing their free time to voluntary work.
现在许多人都热心于把自己的空闲时间用于做志愿工作。
②Although she’s a beginner, she played with great enthusiasm.
虽然她是个新手，但演奏时却充满了激情。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She’s very enthusiastic to_read(read) the novels written by Mo Yan.
②We shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures. On the contrary, we should keep trying with great enthusiasm(enthusiastic)．
[链接写作]——高考小作文
③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)我确信你会对这感兴趣，因为你一直热衷于体育运动。
I’m sure you will be interested in it, for you’ve_been_enthusiastic_about_sports.
cautious adj.谨慎的；非常小心的；细心的
(教材P7)His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious.
他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公布于世，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。
(1)be cautious of/about (doing) sth. 谨防/谨慎(做)某事
(2)caution n. 细心；谨慎
with caution＝cautiously adv. 仔细地；谨慎地
①As far as I know, he is usually cautious about his work.
据我所知，他通常对他的工作持谨慎态度。
②If we are too cautious, we might lose a good opportunity.
如果我们过于谨慎， 我们可能会失去一个好机会。
[链接写作]——一句多译
穿过一条繁忙的马路时要小心谨慎。
①You should cross a busy street with caution．
②You should cross a busy street cautiously．
reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃
(教材P7)The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked.
基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而且支持这种理论的人都会受到攻击。
①I make it clear to him that I reject his proposal.
我清楚地告诉他，我拒绝他的建议。
②As soon as a new idea is accepted, it is time to reject the old one.
新思想一旦被接受，就是要把旧思想抛弃的时候了。
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)William wanted to join the army，but he was refused because of his poor eyesight.
(高级表达)William wanted to join the army，but he was rejected because of his poor eyesight.
only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装
(教材P7)Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句等放在句首以示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Only by practising paper-cutting more can you learn the folk art.
只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。
②(2018·浙江卷6月)Only when I won the first prize in the spoken English contest did I realize it was important to have a good command of spoken English.
只有当我在英语口语比赛中获得一等奖我才意识到精通英语口语的重要性。
③Only then did I know someone had taken away that important paper.
只有在那时我才知道有人已经把那份重要的文件拿走了。
[即学即练]——完成句子
①Only by understanding and learning from each other can_we_spend_those_days_together_happily(我们才能一起开心地度过那些美好的日子)．
②Only then did_I_realize(我才意识到) that it was foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)I realized knowledge is valuable only when I had another failure in my job-seeking.
③(高级表达)Only when I had another failure in my job-seeking did_I_realize_knowledge_is_valuable．(倒装句)
④(高级表达)It_was_only_when_I_had_another_failure_in_my_job-seeking_that I realized knowledge is valuable.(强调句)
(教材P7)He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，行星都绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
①With the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit, sharing our stories.
美丽的月亮高挂在天空，我们坐在一起，吃月饼、吃水果，分享着我们的故事。
②With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.
由小男孩领路，我们找到这个村庄没困难。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①With the key lost(lose), he had to wait for his mother outside the door.
②In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows closed(close)．
③With a lot of difficult problems to_settle(settle), the new manager works far into the night every day.
[链接写作]——句式升级
④(普通表达)(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I have an important class meeting to attend, so I can’t accompany you to the bookstore.
(高级表达)With_an_important_class_meeting_to_attend,_I can’t accompany you to the bookstore.(with复合结构)
品句填词
1．The new railway under construction(建设) will play an important part in the economic development of this area.
2．He was so cautious(谨慎的) that he did everything very carefully in case he made mistakes.
3．We had to reject(不接受) your plan simply because it was far below our expectations.
4．I want to contribute(贡献) my effort to such an outstanding company.
5．If you have a(n) positive(积极的) attitude towards your work, you will feel happy.
6．The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic(热情的) as ever.
7．I asked him to leave at once, but he stayed there without movement(移动)．
8．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine，we must send for an engineer to handle(处理) the problem.
9．You will be instructed(指示) where to go as soon as the plan is ready.
10．If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge(挑战)．
选词填空
lead to; draw a conclusion; look into; be strict with; slow down; apart from; be to blame; make sense
1．I drew_a_conclusion that he was the right person for the job.
2．Apart_from English, his wife also has a good command of French and Russian.
3．His parents are_strict_with him, which benefits him so much.
4．The naughty boy was_to_blame for breaking his neighbor’s windows.
5．The train slowed_down as it approached the station.
6．The theft that happened yesterday is being looked_into by the police.
7．What he has said doesn’t make_sense．I can’t understand it.
8．The women work in the loud noise all day long, which leads_to hearing loss.
完成句子
1．在一些发展中国家，这种疾病与贫穷密切相关。
In some developing countries, the disease is_closely_linked_to poverty.
2．史密斯先生建议这个问题可以用一种不同的方法来解决。
Mr. Smith suggested that this problem should_be_solved_in_a_different_way．
3．只有你把注意力集中在学习上你才能取得进步。
Only if you focus your attention on your studies can_you_make_progress．
4．这位科学家正在讲如何做那个实验，有很多学生围着他。
The scientist is explaining how to do the experiment, with_many_students_surrounding_him．
5．不幸的是，当他在赶车的时候，他的钱包被偷了。
Unfortunately, he had_his_wallet_stolen when catching a bus.
单句语法填空
1．With his suggestion rejected(reject)，he felt upset.
2．It is reported that the new airport is still under construction(construct)．
3．The manager is always cautious about drawing a conclusion.
4．Little Tom got blamed(blame) for breaking the glass when he was drinking.
5．Sarah is positive about the future and she leads a happy life all the time.
6．The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution(pollute)．
7．Marie Curie made great contributions(contribute) to the development of science，but money and reputation made no sense to her.
8．The boy became inspired(inspire) when he thought that what he was doing could help those in trouble.
阅读理解
Whenever I talk about personality in relation to choosing a career，some people complain(抱怨) like this：Those tests are so stupid.When I was in sixth grade，I took one of them and it said that I should be a farmer.While I don’t think I would be a very good farmer，the results are probably a lot more accurate(精确的) than I’d like to admit.At the time，it seemed unreasonable—I hated the outdoors and physical activities.Now，I think it might have had some points that fit my personality: I like planning (good for planning how to grow crops)，working by myself (for those long days on an agricultural machine)，and sometimes working on a team (for harvest time)．
Watch out for any personality test that claims(声称) to be able to tell you what your dream job is by the type of animal you’d like to be，or from your favorite breakfast food as a child.While there are many personality assessments(评估) that are accurate，I’d like to say that they are a second step.The best choice is self-assessments.
Before finding ways to know your work preferences，it’s important to make a clear difference between liking a topic and liking the work.I once met a third-year marine(海洋的) biology student at a large state school in Ohio.He was placed into the Whale Watch program，where he found out that he became violently seasick on any kind of boat—a big disadvantage for a student who thought he wanted to study whales in the wild.
The best match is a career in which the major tasks of the work are the tasks you most enjoy doing and the topic is one of interest.If that career doesn’t exist，my advice would be to take the job where there is a skill match.In this way，you will succeed at the basic tasks of your job and perhaps become interested in it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个性测试与职业选择的关系并告诉人们应如何选择合适的职业。
1．What is some people’s opinion on choosing a career through personality tests?
A．It’s possible to lead to career failure.
B．It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C．It’s unreasonable.
D．It’s worth a try.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据首段中的“some people complain(抱怨) like this：Those tests are so stupid”可知，有些人并不认为个性测试能帮助他们选择职业。
2．What does the author think of the personality test she took when she was young?
A．She admits it forecasts her present job accurately.
B．She thinks it shows some part of her personality.
C．She finds it helpless for her.
D．She has little interest in it.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据首段中的“the results are probably a lot more accurate(精确的) than I’d like to admit”以及“I think it might have had some points that fit my personality”可知，作者认为该测试结果与她的性格很相符。
3．What is the best way to know your dream job?
A．Taking personality tests on your favorite things.
B．Doing accurate personality assessments.
C．Trying your dream job in practice.
D．Finding it out by yourself.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The best choice is self-assessments.”可知，作者认为最好的方式是自我评估。
4．Why was the marine biology student unsuitable for his job?
A．He disliked the job.
B．He felt sick traveling on a boat.
C．He was afraid of marine animals.
D．He knew little about his preferences.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“he became violently seasick on any kind of boat”可知，这名学生晕船严重，因而不适合这项工作。
七选五
Communication Tips
Here are some suggestions about making your talk with your parents turn out for the best.
Be honest.If you’re always honest，your parents will be likely to believe what you say.If you sometimes hide the truth，parents will have a harder time to believe what you tell them.1．________
Be brave and start talking.It’s easy to say “Hi，Mom！” or “Dad，can you pass the potatoes？”2.________ Let’s face it.You will feel embarrassed(尴尬的) when talking about something personal，but your parents know you quite well.They were your age once，too！So don’t let a little embarrassment stop you.It’s OK to go ahead and share what’s on your mind.
3．________ If you have a disagreement，can you consider things from your parents’ points of view？If you can，telling your parents you understand their views and feelings helps them be willing to understand yours，too.
Try not to argue.Using a friendly and respectful tone makes your parents more likely to listen to you and take what you say seriously.4.________
What if it doesn’t work? If you still can’t talk to your parents，seek other adults’ help.5.________ Then follow all the tips above to make you communicate with that person well.
A．Explain your situation.
B．Try to understand them.
C．If you lie，they’ll find it hard to trust you.
D．Parents are the most important people in your life.
E．But it can be harder to start talking about personal topics.
F．It also makes it more likely that they’ll talk to you in the same way.
G．Find a relative or a teacher who will listen to，understand and care about you.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了几个与父母更好地沟通的方法。
1．C 解析：本段主旨为要诚实，C项“如果你说谎，他们将很难信任你”与该段主旨吻合，而且三个“If”句表示状况逐步变糟。
2．E 解析：从下文的face it可知，后面面临的是较难的问题，正好与前面的easy构成转折关系。由此推知，该处为过渡句，E项“但是，讨论个人问题会较难开口”符合逻辑。
3．B 解析：本段主要讲如果你与父母之间有分歧时，你要从他们的角度考虑问题，这样他们也会愿意去理解你的想法，B项“试图去理解他们”与本段主要内容吻合，总领该段。
4．F 解析：空白处前提到不要争吵，要用友好和尊重的语气和父母交流，因为这样也更可能会让你的父母以同样的方式与你交流，F项中的It指代空前句子。
5．G 解析：根据空白处前句子“如果你仍然不能和父母交流，那就寻求其他成年人的帮助”，由此可知，空白处填“找一个倾听你、理解你、关心你的亲戚或老师”符合语境。
完形填空
I was a single parent, raising my four-year-old son Daniel in Perth, Australia with all my family based on the other side of the country. __1__ the support of my sisters, aunties, uncles or grandparents, being on my own was terribly __2__. Because my son’s father lived in Perth, I couldn’t move to live with my family. __3__ Daniel’s father didn’t see him often, it was important for him to be geographically close to his dad. Money was tight(拮据的), and with almost no __4__， I often felt __5__ and hopeless.
One night, after a busy day at work, I raced to Daniel’s childcare centre to __6__ him on time.After dinner, we went outside so Daniel could ride his bicycle. __7__ his Batman costume, he was energetic as he __8__ proudly through Claremont towards the river. At the same time, I walked alongside feeling weighed down. I tried to keep a cheerful face, but inside I was __9__. When we got to the river we walked down the pier(码头). There was an older man __10__ at the end and I had a slight __11__ that Daniel would disturb his __12__ and quiet by making noise, so I told him to be quiet. As we __13__， the man turned, smiled and asked, “How’s Batman this evening？”
Daniel __14__ told the man that Batman was good, thanks, before asking about the fish. I __15__ good behavior, and had been afraid we might be disturbing the man. __16__ I couldn’t have been more wrong. The kind man __17__ with my son, and watching their conversations made my eyes __18__. This lovely old gentleman was so __19__ and truly interested in Batman, my little boy, that I just wanted to cry.
It was just __20__ how this man gave my son the time of day. I will always be thankful for that.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者独自一人带孩子，因经济拮据且没有家人的支持与帮助而感到难过和孤独无助。与一位善良的老人邂逅点亮了作者艰难的一天，让作者的内心充满了感动与感激。
1．A.Except B．Without
C．For D．Through
B 解析：由该句中的“being on my own”以及下文中的“I often felt...hopeless”可知，“没有(Without)”家人的帮助和支持，独自一人带四岁的儿子是异常“艰难的(hard)”。
2．A.good B．fun
C．hard D．simple
C 解析：见上题解析。
3．A.Although B．Since
C．Unless D．If
A 解析：前后句之间表示让步关系，故用“尽管(Although)”。
4．A.trouble B．help
C．patience D．change
B 解析：由上文中的“a single parent，...the support of my sisters...”以及该空前的“Money was tight”可知，“我”几乎没有任何“帮助(help)”。
5．A.calm B．young
C．special D．unhappy
D 解析：由该空后的“hopeless”以及下文中的“feeling weighed down”可知，“我”经常感到“难过(unhappy)”和绝望。
6．A.return B．follow
C．collect D．encourage
C 解析：由该空前的“I raced to Daniel’s childcare centre”可知，在忙了一整天的工作后，“我”飞奔到托儿所去按时“接(collect)”Daniel。
7．A.Wearing B．Hiding
C．Sharing D．Controlling
A 解析：由该空后的“his Batman costume”可知，Daniel“穿着(Wearing)”蝙蝠侠的衣服。
8．A.walked B．drove
C．ran D．rode
D 解析：由上文中的“we went outside so Daniel could ride his bicycle”可知，Daniel自豪地“骑车(rode)”穿过Claremont，驶向河边。
9．A.warm B．broken
C．excited D．free
B 解析：由上文中的“feeling weighed down”和“tried to keep a cheerful face”以及由but引起的转折可知，“我”极力想露出笑脸，但是内心却感到“很悲伤(broken)”。
10．A.fishing B．boating
C．sailing D．swimming
A 解析：由下一段中的“before asking about the fish”可知，有一位老人在河边“钓鱼(fishing)”。
11．A.hope B．chance
C．excuse D．worry
D 解析：由下文中的“Daniel would disturb his...and quiet by making noise”可知，“我”有些“担心(worry)”Daniel会发出噪音，打扰这位正在钓鱼的老人的安宁。
12．A.life B．peace
C．rest D．view
B 解析：由该空后的quiet可知，此处指“我”担心Daniel会打扰这位老人的“平静(peace)”和安宁。
13．A.turned B．started
C．left D．approached
D 解析：由上文中的“we walked down the pier(码头)”以及该空后的“the man turned, smiled and asked”可知，当我们“走近(approached)”时，这位老人转过身来，微笑着问Daniel：“蝙蝠侠今晚可好？”
14．A.embarrassedly B．sadly
C．proudly D．carelessly
C 解析：由上文中的“he was energetic as he... proudly through Claremont”以及该空后的“told the man that Batman was good, thanks”可知，Daniel“自豪地(proudly)”告诉那位老人蝙蝠侠很好。
15．A.own B．accept
C．expect D．value
D 解析：由下文中的“had been afraid we might be disturbing the man”可知，“我”很“重视(value)”良好的行为，一直担心我们可能会打扰到这位老人。
16．A.Yet B．So
C．Then D．Still
A 解析：由下文的描述以及作者的担忧可知，此处表示转折，“然而(Yet)”“我”大错特错。
17．A.agreed B．competed
C．stayed D．communicated
D 解析：由下文中的“watching their conversations”可知，这位好心的老人并没有因我们的到来而感到被打扰，反而与“我”的儿子“交谈(communicated)”起来。
18．A.sleepy B．wide
C．watery D．bright
C 解析：由下文中的“I just wanted to cry”可知，看到他们的交流，“我”很感动，眼眶不禁“湿润(watery)”了。
19．A.generous B．friendly
C．independent D．honest
B 解析：由上文中的“The kind man”以及该空后的“truly interested in Batman”可知，这位可爱的老人非常“友好(friendly)”，而且对“蝙蝠侠”——“我”的儿子表示出极大的兴趣，这让“我”不禁想哭。
20．A.impossible B．uncertain
C．unforgettable D．unusual
C 解析：由下文中的“I will always be thankful for that.”可知，这位老人的善举让“我”非常“难忘(unforgettable)”。
课件65张PPT。Unit 1 Great scientists本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．The new railway under construction(建设) will play an important part in the economic development of this area.
2．He was so cautious(谨慎的) that he did everything very carefully in case he made mistakes.
3．We had to reject(不接受) your plan simply because it was far below our expectations.
4．I want to contribute(贡献) my effort to such an outstanding company.
5．If you have a(n) positive(积极的) attitude towards your work, you will feel happy.
6．The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic(热情的) as ever.
7．I asked him to leave at once, but he stayed there without movement(移动)．
8．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine，we must send for an engineer to handle(处理) the problem.
9．You will be instructed(指示) where to go as soon as the plan is ready.
10．If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge(挑战)．
选词填空
lead to; draw a conclusion; look into; be strict with; slow down; apart from; be to blame; make sense
1．I drew_a_conclusion that he was the right person for the job.
2．Apart_from English, his wife also has a good command of French and Russian.
3．His parents are_strict_with him, which benefits him so much.
4．The naughty boy was_to_blame for breaking his neighbor’s windows.
5．The train slowed_down as it approached the station.
6．The theft that happened yesterday is being looked_into by the police.
7．What he has said doesn’t make_sense．I can’t understand it.
8．The women work in the loud noise all day long, which leads_to hearing loss.
完成句子
1．在一些发展中国家，这种疾病与贫穷密切相关。
In some developing countries, the disease is_closely_linked_to poverty.
2．史密斯先生建议这个问题可以用一种不同的方法来解决。
Mr. Smith suggested that this problem should_be_solved_in_a_different_way．
3．只有你把注意力集中在学习上你才能取得进步。
Only if you focus your attention on your studies can_you_make_progress．
4．这位科学家正在讲如何做那个实验，有很多学生围着他。
The scientist is explaining how to do the experiment, with_many_students_surrounding_him．
5．不幸的是，当他在赶车的时候，他的钱包被偷了。
Unfortunately, he had_his_wallet_stolen when catching a bus.
单句语法填空
1．With his suggestion rejected(reject)，he felt upset.
2．It is reported that the new airport is still under construction(construct)．
3．The manager is always cautious about drawing a conclusion.
4．Little Tom got blamed(blame) for breaking the glass when he was drinking.
5．Sarah is positive about the future and she leads a happy life all the time.
6．The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution(pollute)．
7．Marie Curie made great contributions(contribute) to the development of science，but money and reputation made no sense to her.
8．The boy became inspired(inspire) when he thought that what he was doing could help those in trouble.
阅读理解
Whenever I talk about personality in relation to choosing a career，some people complain(抱怨) like this：Those tests are so stupid.When I was in sixth grade，I took one of them and it said that I should be a farmer.While I don’t think I would be a very good farmer，the results are probably a lot more accurate(精确的) than I’d like to admit.At the time，it seemed unreasonable—I hated the outdoors and physical activities.Now，I think it might have had some points that fit my personality: I like planning (good for planning how to grow crops)，working by myself (for those long days on an agricultural machine)，and sometimes working on a team (for harvest time)．
Watch out for any personality test that claims(声称) to be able to tell you what your dream job is by the type of animal you’d like to be，or from your favorite breakfast food as a child.While there are many personality assessments(评估) that are accurate，I’d like to say that they are a second step.The best choice is self-assessments.
Before finding ways to know your work preferences，it’s important to make a clear difference between liking a topic and liking the work.I once met a third-year marine(海洋的) biology student at a large state school in Ohio.He was placed into the Whale Watch program，where he found out that he became violently seasick on any kind of boat—a big disadvantage for a student who thought he wanted to study whales in the wild.
The best match is a career in which the major tasks of the work are the tasks you most enjoy doing and the topic is one of interest.If that career doesn’t exist，my advice would be to take the job where there is a skill match.In this way，you will succeed at the basic tasks of your job and perhaps become interested in it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个性测试与职业选择的关系并告诉人们应如何选择合适的职业。
1．What is some people’s opinion on choosing a career through personality tests?
A．It’s possible to lead to career failure.
B．It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C．It’s unreasonable.
D．It’s worth a try.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据首段中的“some people complain(抱怨) like this：Those tests are so stupid”可知，有些人并不认为个性测试能帮助他们选择职业。
2．What does the author think of the personality test she took when she was young?
A．She admits it forecasts her present job accurately.
B．She thinks it shows some part of her personality.
C．She finds it helpless for her.
D．She has little interest in it.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据首段中的“the results are probably a lot more accurate(精确的) than I’d like to admit”以及“I think it might have had some points that fit my personality”可知，作者认为该测试结果与她的性格很相符。
3．What is the best way to know your dream job?
A．Taking personality tests on your favorite things.
B．Doing accurate personality assessments.
C．Trying your dream job in practice.
D．Finding it out by yourself.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The best choice is self-assessments.”可知，作者认为最好的方式是自我评估。
4．Why was the marine biology student unsuitable for his job?
A．He disliked the job.
B．He felt sick traveling on a boat.
C．He was afraid of marine animals.
D．He knew little about his preferences.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“he became violently seasick on any kind of boat”可知，这名学生晕船严重，因而不适合这项工作。
七选五
Communication Tips
Here are some suggestions about making your talk with your parents turn out for the best.
Be honest.If you’re always honest，your parents will be likely to believe what you say.If you sometimes hide the truth，parents will have a harder time to believe what you tell them.1．________
Be brave and start talking.It’s easy to say “Hi，Mom！” or “Dad，can you pass the potatoes？”2.________ Let’s face it.You will feel embarrassed(尴尬的) when talking about something personal，but your parents know you quite well.They were your age once，too！So don’t let a little embarrassment stop you.It’s OK to go ahead and share what’s on your mind.
3．________ If you have a disagreement，can you consider things from your parents’ points of view？If you can，telling your parents you understand their views and feelings helps them be willing to understand yours，too.
Try not to argue.Using a friendly and respectful tone makes your parents more likely to listen to you and take what you say seriously.4.________
What if it doesn’t work? If you still can’t talk to your parents，seek other adults’ help.5.________ Then follow all the tips above to make you communicate with that person well.
A．Explain your situation.
B．Try to understand them.
C．If you lie，they’ll find it hard to trust you.
D．Parents are the most important people in your life.
E．But it can be harder to start talking about personal topics.
F．It also makes it more likely that they’ll talk to you in the same way.
G．Find a relative or a teacher who will listen to，understand and care about you.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了几个与父母更好地沟通的方法。
1．C 解析：本段主旨为要诚实，C项“如果你说谎，他们将很难信任你”与该段主旨吻合，而且三个“If”句表示状况逐步变糟。
2．E 解析：从下文的face it可知，后面面临的是较难的问题，正好与前面的easy构成转折关系。由此推知，该处为过渡句，E项“但是，讨论个人问题会较难开口”符合逻辑。
3．B 解析：本段主要讲如果你与父母之间有分歧时，你要从他们的角度考虑问题，这样他们也会愿意去理解你的想法，B项“试图去理解他们”与本段主要内容吻合，总领该段。
4．F 解析：空白处前提到不要争吵，要用友好和尊重的语气和父母交流，因为这样也更可能会让你的父母以同样的方式与你交流，F项中的It指代空前句子。
5．G 解析：根据空白处前句子“如果你仍然不能和父母交流，那就寻求其他成年人的帮助”，由此可知，空白处填“找一个倾听你、理解你、关心你的亲戚或老师”符合语境。
完形填空
I was a single parent, raising my four-year-old son Daniel in Perth, Australia with all my family based on the other side of the country. __1__ the support of my sisters, aunties, uncles or grandparents, being on my own was terribly __2__. Because my son’s father lived in Perth, I couldn’t move to live with my family. __3__ Daniel’s father didn’t see him often, it was important for him to be geographically close to his dad. Money was tight(拮据的), and with almost no __4__， I often felt __5__ and hopeless.
One night, after a busy day at work, I raced to Daniel’s childcare centre to __6__ him on time.After dinner, we went outside so Daniel could ride his bicycle. __7__ his Batman costume, he was energetic as he __8__ proudly through Claremont towards the river. At the same time, I walked alongside feeling weighed down. I tried to keep a cheerful face, but inside I was __9__. When we got to the river we walked down the pier(码头). There was an older man __10__ at the end and I had a slight __11__ that Daniel would disturb his __12__ and quiet by making noise, so I told him to be quiet. As we __13__， the man turned, smiled and asked, “How’s Batman this evening？”
Daniel __14__ told the man that Batman was good, thanks, before asking about the fish. I __15__ good behavior, and had been afraid we might be disturbing the man. __16__ I couldn’t have been more wrong. The kind man __17__ with my son, and watching their conversations made my eyes __18__. This lovely old gentleman was so __19__ and truly interested in Batman, my little boy, that I just wanted to cry.
It was just __20__ how this man gave my son the time of day. I will always be thankful for that.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者独自一人带孩子，因经济拮据且没有家人的支持与帮助而感到难过和孤独无助。与一位善良的老人邂逅点亮了作者艰难的一天，让作者的内心充满了感动与感激。
1．A.Except B．Without
C．For D．Through
B 解析：由该句中的“being on my own”以及下文中的“I often felt...hopeless”可知，“没有(Without)”家人的帮助和支持，独自一人带四岁的儿子是异常“艰难的(hard)”。
2．A.good B．fun
C．hard D．simple
C 解析：见上题解析。
3．A.Although B．Since
C．Unless D．If
A 解析：前后句之间表示让步关系，故用“尽管(Although)”。
4．A.trouble B．help
C．patience D．change
B 解析：由上文中的“a single parent，...the support of my sisters...”以及该空前的“Money was tight”可知，“我”几乎没有任何“帮助(help)”。
5．A.calm B．young
C．special D．unhappy
D 解析：由该空后的“hopeless”以及下文中的“feeling weighed down”可知，“我”经常感到“难过(unhappy)”和绝望。
6．A.return B．follow
C．collect D．encourage
C 解析：由该空前的“I raced to Daniel’s childcare centre”可知，在忙了一整天的工作后，“我”飞奔到托儿所去按时“接(collect)”Daniel。
7．A.Wearing B．Hiding
C．Sharing D．Controlling
A 解析：由该空后的“his Batman costume”可知，Daniel“穿着(Wearing)”蝙蝠侠的衣服。
8．A.walked B．drove
C．ran D．rode
D 解析：由上文中的“we went outside so Daniel could ride his bicycle”可知，Daniel自豪地“骑车(rode)”穿过Claremont，驶向河边。
9．A.warm B．broken
C．excited D．free
B 解析：由上文中的“feeling weighed down”和“tried to keep a cheerful face”以及由but引起的转折可知，“我”极力想露出笑脸，但是内心却感到“很悲伤(broken)”。
10．A.fishing B．boating
C．sailing D．swimming
A 解析：由下一段中的“before asking about the fish”可知，有一位老人在河边“钓鱼(fishing)”。
11．A.hope B．chance
C．excuse D．worry
D 解析：由下文中的“Daniel would disturb his...and quiet by making noise”可知，“我”有些“担心(worry)”Daniel会发出噪音，打扰这位正在钓鱼的老人的安宁。
12．A.life B．peace
C．rest D．view
B 解析：由该空后的quiet可知，此处指“我”担心Daniel会打扰这位老人的“平静(peace)”和安宁。
13．A.turned B．started
C．left D．approached
D 解析：由上文中的“we walked down the pier(码头)”以及该空后的“the man turned, smiled and asked”可知，当我们“走近(approached)”时，这位老人转过身来，微笑着问Daniel：“蝙蝠侠今晚可好？”
14．A.embarrassedly B．sadly
C．proudly D．carelessly
C 解析：由上文中的“he was energetic as he... proudly through Claremont”以及该空后的“told the man that Batman was good, thanks”可知，Daniel“自豪地(proudly)”告诉那位老人蝙蝠侠很好。
15．A.own B．accept
C．expect D．value
D 解析：由下文中的“had been afraid we might be disturbing the man”可知，“我”很“重视(value)”良好的行为，一直担心我们可能会打扰到这位老人。
16．A.Yet B．So
C．Then D．Still
A 解析：由下文的描述以及作者的担忧可知，此处表示转折，“然而(Yet)”“我”大错特错。
17．A.agreed B．competed
C．stayed D．communicated
D 解析：由下文中的“watching their conversations”可知，这位好心的老人并没有因我们的到来而感到被打扰，反而与“我”的儿子“交谈(communicated)”起来。
18．A.sleepy B．wide
C．watery D．bright
C 解析：由下文中的“I just wanted to cry”可知，看到他们的交流，“我”很感动，眼眶不禁“湿润(watery)”了。
19．A.generous B．friendly
C．independent D．honest
B 解析：由上文中的“The kind man”以及该空后的“truly interested in Batman”可知，这位可爱的老人非常“友好(friendly)”，而且对“蝙蝠侠”——“我”的儿子表示出极大的兴趣，这让“我”不禁想哭。
20．A.impossible B．uncertain
C．unforgettable D．unusual
C 解析：由下文中的“I will always be thankful for that.”可知，这位老人的善举让“我”非常“难忘(unforgettable)”。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
过去分词作定语、表语
1．(教材P2)But he became inspired (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed (expose) to cholera. (作表语；作定语)
2．(教材P2)So many thousands of terrified (terrify) people died every time there was an outbreak. (作定语)
3．(教材P2)He became interested(interest) in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. (作表语)
4．(教材P2)From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected(affect) person died. (作定语)
5．(教材P2)He immediately told the astonished (astonish) people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. (作定语)
6．(教材P7)Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened (frighten) and his mind was confused(confuse)． (作表语)
过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的意义
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。
◆Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.(表示被动)
卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气装在车顶上的大袋中。
◆The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.(表示被动和完成)
会上提出的计划将很快被执行。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
◆Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard.
许多小孩子喜欢在庭院里收集落叶。
◆The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.
早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。
【典例】 (2017·北京卷)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________(spend) with his students.
[解析] 句意：吉姆已经退休了，但他仍然记得与学生们一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，“the happy time”与“spend”之间是被动关系，且此处表示一个已完成的动作，所以用过去分词短语作定语。
[答案] spent
2．过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)前置定语
一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。
◆The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.
被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
◆Many used computers will be sold in this market.
很多二手电脑将在这个市场出售。
有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
◆There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.
剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。
(2)后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
◆He is a teacher loved by his students.
他是一位受学生爱戴的老师。
◆The book published ten years ago is still a best-seller today.
十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。
3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
意义
形式
语态
时态
过去分词
被动
完成
现在分词
主动
进行
◆As we all know, China is a developing country.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
◆The visitor came from a developed country.
这位游客来自一个发达国家。
4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别
意义
形式
语态
时态
done
被动
完成
being done
被动
进行
to be done
被动
尚未发生
◆The building built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
◆The building being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
◆The building to be built next month is our classroom building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
过去分词作表语
1．过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态
◆Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.
汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。
◆Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.
终于婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。
2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
◆The library is now closed.(状态)
图书馆现在关闭了。
◆The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(动作)
昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。
3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。
◆We were amazed at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
◆His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。
常用的这类词有：
◆The man standing there looks frightening, and the little boy is frightened.
站在那里的那个人看起来很可怕，小男孩吓着了。
◆The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.
这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上。
【典例】 (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid 64.looking(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel 65.________(challenge)．
[解析] 考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。连系动词feel后要接形容词作表语。challenged adj.受到挑战的；challenging adj.困难的，富有挑战性的。 由语境可知，填challenged。
[答案] challenged
单句语法填空
1．We see an old man sweeping the fallen(fall) leaves every morning when we pass the post office.
2．Our teacher was very worried because there was only a little time left(leave) for us to finish this task.
3．Generally speaking, the children brought(bring) up by grandparents tend to feel lonely sometimes.
4．Yesterday we were deeply moved(move) by the movie directed by Zhang Yimou.
5．I am very delighted(delight) at the news that my brother got first place in the long-distance race.
6．It is amazing that he fell in love with the girl dressed(dress) in a red skirt at the first sight.
7．As is known to us all, Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911, is one of the top universities in the world.
8．They spent two hours discussing the plan designed(design) by the famous engineer.
9．We were all inspired by the inspiring speech made by the well-known teacher.(inspire)
10．My parents were satisfied(satisfy) with the plan for our summer vacation.
11．The confused expression on his face suggested that he was not able to work out the confusing problem.(confuse)
12．The park was full of people, enjoying(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
单句改错
1．Many things were considered impossible in the past are common today. 去掉were或were前加that
2．I’m calling to enquire about the position advertising in yesterday’s China Daily. advertising→advertised
3．Tom sounds interesting in the job very much, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it. interesting→interested
4．There are many people absorbing in the public square dancing at the gate of the park every night. absorbing→absorbed
5．Jiuzhaigou, knowing for its beautiful scenery, lies in the northwest of Sichuan Province. knowing→known
6．In order to make up for the losing time, they are working like crazy to get this finished on time. losing→lost
7．Some of my students took part in the National Creative Composition Contest holding last year. holding→held
8．Mark decided to buy a house locating near a school or hospital. locating→located
语法与写作
1．(北京卷)If_you_are_interested_in_it(如果你对它感兴趣), let me know and I’ll send you more information.
2．Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave_us_a_satisfied_smile(给我们一个满意的微笑) at last.
3．They’re having a meeting to discuss the serious problem known_to_everybody(每人熟知)．
4．To solve the problem, we should meet the demand made_by_the_customers(顾客提出的)．
5．We are/feel_honoured(感到荣幸) to have you here in our English Week Activities.
单句语法填空
1．Tony is really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting bored(bore)．
2．Tim’s puzzled(puzzle) expression suggested that he didn’t understand what they had said.
3．The yoga club, opened(open) last month in our school, is popular among women teachers.
4．He will never forget the hard time spent(spend) with his wife.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested(interest) in planting vegetables in their garden.
6．We all felt excited(excite) that Wu Dajing won the first gold medal for our country at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics.
7．(2016·浙江卷6月)To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study conducted(conduct) in Australia in 2012.
8．Mr. Brown’s room, filled(fill) with all kinds of books, looks as if it is a small library.
9．To tell the truth, you must make every effort to improve your spoken(speak) English.
10．We were disappointed at the result of the experiment, because it was a bit too disappointing．(disappoint)
阅读理解
A
Many teenagers play sports or go out with friends in their spare time. However, Amalia Tobias is different because she spends her free time helping others.
A few years ago, Amalia started the “Family Promise Club”. The group belongs to Family Promise, a national organization that calls on volunteers to offer care to the homeless. After volunteering for several years, Amalia found that Family Promise guests are not much different than her own family.
Amalia thought young people could make a positive difference. She brought a few of her friends to volunteer at Family Promise. There, the teens played with the children and read books to them. The teens also helped serve the meals that had been given by others. One of Amalia’s friends described it as the most unforgettable experience he had ever had.
This inspired Amalia to start the Family Promise Club. Amalia saw that her friends were happy after they volunteered because it gave them a sense of community.
Rachel Isralowitz, another student member of the club, remembered her first-time volunteering. She said, “The kids seemed to be enjoying themselves a lot. I was also very happy afterwards because there was lots of fun.”
Still, Amalia knew that starting the new club was a risk.“What if no one else comes besides me and my friends？” she wondered. At the first meeting, Amalia told the other students, “A Family Promise guest may be in an unfortunate position, but that doesn’t mean that he or she is any less of a person than we are.” Amalia was happy to see that students in all grades take an active part in the club.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。为了让更多的人关注、帮助无家可归的人，Amalia Tobias成立了Family Promise Club。
1．Which of the following can best describe Amalia?
A．Shy. B．Caring.
C．Stubborn. D．Easy-going.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Amalia Tobias is different because she spends her free time helping others”可知，caring“体贴人的；关心他人的”最能形容Amalia。
2．What made Amalia start the Family Promise Club?
A．The children’s need for love.
B．The importance of reading books.
C．Her friends’ experiences as volunteers.
D．Some suggestions from Family Promise.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容以及第四段的“This inspired Amalia to start the Family Promise Club.”可知，Amalia的朋友们作为志愿者的经历使得Amalia产生了建立Family Promise Club的想法。
3．What did Rachel Isralowitz think of volunteering?
A．It made her popular among kids.
B．It helped her make more friends.
C．It was a win-win situation.
D．It gave her a sense of safety.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段可知，Rachel Isralowitz认为志愿者活动既帮助了他人，同时也给自己带来了快乐，是一个双赢的局面。
4．What might be the best title for the text?
A．Family Promise Club
B．The Value of Volunteering
C．Happiness Is a State of Mind
D．A Girl’s Voluntary Experience
A 解析：标题归纳题。本文讲述了Amalia Tobias成立了Family Promise Club的过程，用Family Promise Club作标题最合适。
B
There are big cultural differences between the US and the UK, despite(尽管) having many similarities. People talk differently, and not just in the accent or the words, but in the general meaning.
Americans are very friendly. They will talk to strangers in a store, laugh with someone at a bar, and help their neighbours as necessary. Many expats(移居海外者) have reported difficulty in making really close friends like they had in the UK. The friendliness is only on the surface.
Many Americans are very family-centered. Family life includes endless school musicals, after-class sports, birthday parties and the like. Many new expats report exhaustion trying to keep up with all the things to do with the kids when they come to the US.
Most Americans have never been abroad. The United States is a huge country. Go and look at a map of the US to get an idea. Many Americans feel they simply haven’t seen enough of their own country to consider travelling abroad to see another country. In addition, many people just don’t get enough holiday time to make it worthwhile travelling abroad, with holiday or “vacation” time often being as low as 7－10 days a year, and sometimes that includes sick days.
Most Americans are proud of Scottish or Irish or German or Italian ancestry, even if it has been centuries since anyone in their family lived abroad. Many Americans like to remember this not because they like the old country but because they like to show that their family came from immigrants(移民) who dreamed of a better life in America. By pointing out that fact, many feel they are meeting their ancestors’ wishes and dreams.
Making friends can be daunting. While for some in their 20s, they can reach out to those who are also just starting out and form some lifelong friendships, for some who are older, in their 30s and 40s, with kids and a family, meeting others can be difficult.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章透过移居美国的英国人的视角展示了英美文化之间的差异。
5．What do expats think of Americans?
A．They are ready to help others.
B．They seem to be friendly to others.
C．They are fond of working with foreigners.
D．They easily make close friends with others.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The friendliness is only on the surface.”可知，英国人认为美国人对待他人只是表面上友好。
6．Why do most Americans seldom travel abroad?
A．They have short holiday time.
B．They are short of money for trips.
C．They think it worthless to travel abroad.
D．They like their own country’s scenery better.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“many people just don’t get enough holiday time to make it worthwhile travelling abroad”可知，美国人没有足够的假期出国旅行。
7．Why are most Americans proud of their British ancestry?
A．They love the old country.
B．They appreciate British culture.
C．They think their ancestors made history.
D．They think they’re realizing their ancestors’ dreams.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“pointing out that fact, many feel they are meeting their ancestors’ wishes and dreams”可知答案。
8．What does the underlined word “daunting” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Discouraging. B．Interesting.
C．Surprising. D．Exciting.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据末段中的“While for some in their 20s...for some who are older, in their 30s and 40s, with kids and a family, meeting others can be difficult.”可知，年轻人交友比较容易，但大多数成年人都忙于家庭，没时间交朋友，对他们来说交友是件令人沮丧的事。
语法填空
As a boy, Charles Darwin showed a great interest in living things. He loved to walk through the woods, 1．____________(look) at plants and birds. At the age of 8, Darwin 2.____________(send) to school, where he studied Latin, classical literature and ancient history. Young Darwin thought that these subjects were boring and useless. He preferred 3.____________(science) studies. As a result, he did 4.____________(poor) in his school lessons.
In 1928, Darwin’s father, who was very strict 5.____________ his son, sent him to Cambridge and he became a student of Professor John Henslow. Upon graduation, Professor Henslow asked him 6.____________(go) with Captain Fitzroy on a survey trip around the world. During the voyage, Darwin collected rocks, bones and 7.____________(insect)．He noted what he observed.
The widely 8.____________(accept) theory in those days was that God created all the creatures on earth. In 1859, Darwin published his famous book, The Origin of Species, in 9.____________ he explained his famous Theory of Evolution(进化)．
Today, Charles Darwin is recognized as one of 10.____________ greatest scientists the world has ever seen for his great achievements.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了世界著名生物学家达尔文的生平事迹。
1．looking 解析：looking at plants and birds是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况或方式(分词动作look与逻辑主语之间是主动关系)。
2．was sent 解析：主语Darwin是动作send的承受者，用被动语态；这里说的是过去的事，用一般过去时。
3．scientific 解析：空白处所填词在句中作定语，修饰名词studies，故用其形容词形式。
4．poorly 解析：空白处所填词在句中修饰整个句子，故用其副词形式。
5．with 解析：be strict with sb.意为“对某人要求严格”。
6．to go 解析：ask sb. to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。
7．insects 解析：根据空前的rocks和bones可知，此处填insect的复数形式。
8．accepted 解析：过去分词accepted作定语，修饰theory(分词动作accept与被修饰词theory之间是被动关系)。
9．which 解析：in which he explained his famous Theory of Evolution是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词his famous book。
10．the 解析：形容词最高级前习惯多用定冠词。
短文改错
One of my favourite things to do in my free time is to do voluntary works. I’ve volunteered for a variety of difference organisations. The activities include simple, everyday ones like giving our city square a cleaning and take dogs for walks at an animal rescue centre. By volunteering, I’ve not only gained valuable experience and also built confidence in talking about strangers. I was used to be a shy person, but my volunteering experience gave us the opportunity to meet new people. Doing an activity I wouldn’t normal do with other volunteers made me had a really fun time. These are just few of the reasons why I think volunteering is worthwhile.
答案：
One of my favourite things to do in my free time is to do voluntary . I’ve volunteered for a variety of organisations. The activities include simple, everyday ones like giving our city square a cleaning and dogs for walks at an animal rescue centre. By volunteering, I’ve not only gained valuable experience also built confidence in talking strangers. I used to be a shy person, but my volunteering experience gave the opportunity to meet new people. Doing an activity I wouldn’t do with other volunteers made me a really fun time. These are just few of the reasons why I think volunteering is worthwhile.
课件33张PPT。Unit 1 Great scientists本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．Tony is really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting bored(bore)．
2．Tim’s puzzled(puzzle) expression suggested that he didn’t understand what they had said.
3．The yoga club, opened(open) last month in our school, is popular among women teachers.
4．He will never forget the hard time spent(spend) with his wife.
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested(interest) in planting vegetables in their garden.
6．We all felt excited(excite) that Wu Dajing won the first gold medal for our country at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics.
7．(2016·浙江卷6月)To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study conducted(conduct) in Australia in 2012.
8．Mr. Brown’s room, filled(fill) with all kinds of books, looks as if it is a small library.
9．To tell the truth, you must make every effort to improve your spoken(speak) English.
10．We were disappointed at the result of the experiment, because it was a bit too disappointing．(disappoint)
阅读理解
A
Many teenagers play sports or go out with friends in their spare time. However, Amalia Tobias is different because she spends her free time helping others.
A few years ago, Amalia started the “Family Promise Club”. The group belongs to Family Promise, a national organization that calls on volunteers to offer care to the homeless. After volunteering for several years, Amalia found that Family Promise guests are not much different than her own family.
Amalia thought young people could make a positive difference. She brought a few of her friends to volunteer at Family Promise. There, the teens played with the children and read books to them. The teens also helped serve the meals that had been given by others. One of Amalia’s friends described it as the most unforgettable experience he had ever had.
This inspired Amalia to start the Family Promise Club. Amalia saw that her friends were happy after they volunteered because it gave them a sense of community.
Rachel Isralowitz, another student member of the club, remembered her first-time volunteering. She said, “The kids seemed to be enjoying themselves a lot. I was also very happy afterwards because there was lots of fun.”
Still, Amalia knew that starting the new club was a risk.“What if no one else comes besides me and my friends？” she wondered. At the first meeting, Amalia told the other students, “A Family Promise guest may be in an unfortunate position, but that doesn’t mean that he or she is any less of a person than we are.” Amalia was happy to see that students in all grades take an active part in the club.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。为了让更多的人关注、帮助无家可归的人，Amalia Tobias成立了Family Promise Club。
1．Which of the following can best describe Amalia?
A．Shy. B．Caring.
C．Stubborn. D．Easy-going.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Amalia Tobias is different because she spends her free time helping others”可知，caring“体贴人的；关心他人的”最能形容Amalia。
2．What made Amalia start the Family Promise Club?
A．The children’s need for love.
B．The importance of reading books.
C．Her friends’ experiences as volunteers.
D．Some suggestions from Family Promise.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容以及第四段的“This inspired Amalia to start the Family Promise Club.”可知，Amalia的朋友们作为志愿者的经历使得Amalia产生了建立Family Promise Club的想法。
3．What did Rachel Isralowitz think of volunteering?
A．It made her popular among kids.
B．It helped her make more friends.
C．It was a win-win situation.
D．It gave her a sense of safety.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段可知，Rachel Isralowitz认为志愿者活动既帮助了他人，同时也给自己带来了快乐，是一个双赢的局面。
4．What might be the best title for the text?
A．Family Promise Club
B．The Value of Volunteering
C．Happiness Is a State of Mind
D．A Girl’s Voluntary Experience
A 解析：标题归纳题。本文讲述了Amalia Tobias成立了Family Promise Club的过程，用Family Promise Club作标题最合适。
B
There are big cultural differences between the US and the UK, despite(尽管) having many similarities. People talk differently, and not just in the accent or the words, but in the general meaning.
Americans are very friendly. They will talk to strangers in a store, laugh with someone at a bar, and help their neighbours as necessary. Many expats(移居海外者) have reported difficulty in making really close friends like they had in the UK. The friendliness is only on the surface.
Many Americans are very family-centered. Family life includes endless school musicals, after-class sports, birthday parties and the like. Many new expats report exhaustion trying to keep up with all the things to do with the kids when they come to the US.
Most Americans have never been abroad. The United States is a huge country. Go and look at a map of the US to get an idea. Many Americans feel they simply haven’t seen enough of their own country to consider travelling abroad to see another country. In addition, many people just don’t get enough holiday time to make it worthwhile travelling abroad, with holiday or “vacation” time often being as low as 7－10 days a year, and sometimes that includes sick days.
Most Americans are proud of Scottish or Irish or German or Italian ancestry, even if it has been centuries since anyone in their family lived abroad. Many Americans like to remember this not because they like the old country but because they like to show that their family came from immigrants(移民) who dreamed of a better life in America. By pointing out that fact, many feel they are meeting their ancestors’ wishes and dreams.
Making friends can be daunting. While for some in their 20s, they can reach out to those who are also just starting out and form some lifelong friendships, for some who are older, in their 30s and 40s, with kids and a family, meeting others can be difficult.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章透过移居美国的英国人的视角展示了英美文化之间的差异。
5．What do expats think of Americans?
A．They are ready to help others.
B．They seem to be friendly to others.
C．They are fond of working with foreigners.
D．They easily make close friends with others.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The friendliness is only on the surface.”可知，英国人认为美国人对待他人只是表面上友好。
6．Why do most Americans seldom travel abroad?
A．They have short holiday time.
B．They are short of money for trips.
C．They think it worthless to travel abroad.
D．They like their own country’s scenery better.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“many people just don’t get enough holiday time to make it worthwhile travelling abroad”可知，美国人没有足够的假期出国旅行。
7．Why are most Americans proud of their British ancestry?
A．They love the old country.
B．They appreciate British culture.
C．They think their ancestors made history.
D．They think they’re realizing their ancestors’ dreams.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“pointing out that fact, many feel they are meeting their ancestors’ wishes and dreams”可知答案。
8．What does the underlined word “daunting” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Discouraging. B．Interesting.
C．Surprising. D．Exciting.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据末段中的“While for some in their 20s...for some who are older, in their 30s and 40s, with kids and a family, meeting others can be difficult.”可知，年轻人交友比较容易，但大多数成年人都忙于家庭，没时间交朋友，对他们来说交友是件令人沮丧的事。
语法填空
As a boy, Charles Darwin showed a great interest in living things. He loved to walk through the woods, 1．____________(look) at plants and birds. At the age of 8, Darwin 2.____________(send) to school, where he studied Latin, classical literature and ancient history. Young Darwin thought that these subjects were boring and useless. He preferred 3.____________(science) studies. As a result, he did 4.____________(poor) in his school lessons.
In 1928, Darwin’s father, who was very strict 5.____________ his son, sent him to Cambridge and he became a student of Professor John Henslow. Upon graduation, Professor Henslow asked him 6.____________(go) with Captain Fitzroy on a survey trip around the world. During the voyage, Darwin collected rocks, bones and 7.____________(insect)．He noted what he observed.
The widely 8.____________(accept) theory in those days was that God created all the creatures on earth. In 1859, Darwin published his famous book, The Origin of Species, in 9.____________ he explained his famous Theory of Evolution(进化)．
Today, Charles Darwin is recognized as one of 10.____________ greatest scientists the world has ever seen for his great achievements.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了世界著名生物学家达尔文的生平事迹。
1．looking 解析：looking at plants and birds是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况或方式(分词动作look与逻辑主语之间是主动关系)。
2．was sent 解析：主语Darwin是动作send的承受者，用被动语态；这里说的是过去的事，用一般过去时。
3．scientific 解析：空白处所填词在句中作定语，修饰名词studies，故用其形容词形式。
4．poorly 解析：空白处所填词在句中修饰整个句子，故用其副词形式。
5．with 解析：be strict with sb.意为“对某人要求严格”。
6．to go 解析：ask sb. to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。
7．insects 解析：根据空前的rocks和bones可知，此处填insect的复数形式。
8．accepted 解析：过去分词accepted作定语，修饰theory(分词动作accept与被修饰词theory之间是被动关系)。
9．which 解析：in which he explained his famous Theory of Evolution是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词his famous book。
10．the 解析：形容词最高级前习惯多用定冠词。
短文改错
One of my favourite things to do in my free time is to do voluntary works. I’ve volunteered for a variety of difference organisations. The activities include simple, everyday ones like giving our city square a cleaning and take dogs for walks at an animal rescue centre. By volunteering, I’ve not only gained valuable experience and also built confidence in talking about strangers. I was used to be a shy person, but my volunteering experience gave us the opportunity to meet new people. Doing an activity I wouldn’t normal do with other volunteers made me had a really fun time. These are just few of the reasons why I think volunteering is worthwhile.
答案：
One of my favourite things to do in my free time is to do voluntary . I’ve volunteered for a variety of organisations. The activities include simple, everyday ones like giving our city square a cleaning and dogs for walks at an animal rescue centre. By volunteering, I’ve not only gained valuable experience also built confidence in talking strangers. I used to be a shy person, but my volunteering experience gave the opportunity to meet new people. Doing an activity I wouldn’t do with other volunteers made me a really fun time. These are just few of the reasons why I think volunteering is worthwhile.
Section Ⅴ Writing
劝说信
文体感知
1．文体特点
本单元的写作项目属于新课标应用文类别中的“劝说信”。这种题目要求我们就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题劝说某人采纳自己的建议或看法。
2．亮点句式
①I’m writing to persuade you to...
②First of all, I think it would be better if...
③I strongly hope that you can...
④Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.
⑤I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.
3．写作模板
Dear ________，
I’m writing to persuade you to ________．
First of all, I think it would be better if ________. Secondly, ________. Last but not least, ________．
I do hope you can take my suggestion into consideration and make a final decision.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
________
写作要求
假设你叫李华，请给Nicolaus Copernicus写一封100词左右的信劝说他出版自己的理论著作，这样可以让每个人都了解他的理论，从而推动科学的发展。
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审题谋篇
体裁
劝说信
话题
劝说出版理论著作
时态
一般现在时及将来时态为主
人称
第二人称
结构
首段：点明写信的目的
中段：说清楚建议出版其理论著作的理由
尾段：再一次提出希望
词汇推敲
1．没意义 make_no_sense
2．宇宙中心 the_centre_of_the_universe
3．执行，进行 carry_out
4．面对挑战 face_a_challenge
5．发表 publish
6．有勇气做…… have_the_courage_to_do...
7．提出 put_forward
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①某些恒星的亮度似乎在改变，这也很奇怪。
It_is_also_strange that the brightness of some stars seems_to_change．
②如果发表您的新理论，您将面临巨大的挑战。
You will face_a_great_challenge if you publish_your_new_theory．
③如果人们没有勇气提出自己的观点，科学就永远得不到进步。
Science will never_advance if people don’t have_the_courage_to_put_forward their ideas.
④别管人们怎么反对，时间将会证明您的观点是正确的。
No_matter_how_people_oppose_it,_time will prove that your ideas are right.
2．句式升级
⑤用副词strangely作状语升级句①。
Strangely,_the_brightness_of_some_stars_seems_to_change.
⑥用“The challenge＋定语从句＋be＋表语”的形式升级句②。
The_challenge_you_will_face_is_great_if_you_publish_your_new_theory.
⑦用unless引导的条件状语从句升级句③。
Science_will_never_advance_unless_people_have_the_courage_to_put_forward_their_ideas.
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
Dear Nicolaus Copernicus，
I am a student studying astronomy and I am dying to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.
The present theory doesn’t make sense. On the one hand, the way the planets move is not what you have observed if the earth is the centre of the universe; on the other hand, strangely, the brightness of some stars seems to change. So the sun is the centre of the solar system. As we all know, your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Of course, the challenge you will face is great if you publish your new theory. However, science will never advance unless people have the courage to put forward their ideas. No matter how people oppose it, I think, time will prove that your ideas are right.
So I sincerely hope you can publish your new theory.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
假定你是李华，得知校英文报将删去“Cartoon”这个栏目，请你用英语给外籍编辑史密斯先生写一封邮件，劝他保留此栏目并给出理由。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：删除delete；栏目column
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One possible version:
Dear Mr. Smith，
I’m sorry to hear the column Cartoon will be deleted from our school English newspaper. I’d like to express my opinion.
First of all, this is really a popular column among us students. The funny drawings and humorous language make learning English more interesting. Moreover, it has been part of our English newspaper for years and we have got used to enjoying it every time we get the newspaper. Deleting it will make many students lose interest in our newspaper. Since everybody likes it, why not let it remain? I hope you will consider my suggestion.
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
课件18张PPT。Unit 1 Great scientists本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1．blame vt.责备；把……归咎于
①It was wrong of you to blame the failure on him.
②It was wrong of you to blame him for the failure.
③I think Tom，rather than you, should be to_blame(blame) for the accident.
2．absorb v．吸收；理解；使专心
Absorbed(absorb) in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
＝Because John was_absorbed(absorb) in painting, he didn’t notice evening drawing near.
＝John was_absorbed(absorb) in painting, so he didn’t notice evening around the corner.
3．conclude vt.& vi.推断出；结束；达成；缔结
①In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
②When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.
③I have drawn a conclusion(conclude) from my own experiences that “Practice makes perfect.”
4．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
①You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city where you live to attend_an_international_meeting(参加一个国际会议)．
②He told me that he had an important party to_attend(attend) that night.
③The patients were_attended(attend) so well in the hospital that he recovered quickly.
5．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使接触；使体验
①Teachers should expose the students to as many real life situations as possible.
②The student has_been_exposed(expose) to English for some six years.
③The reason why people carry umbrellas in hot summer days is that the hot sun may be harmful to the exposed(expose) skin.
④Children, when exposed(expose) to an English-speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
6．challenge n.挑战 vt.向……挑战
①The present world is full of challenges(challenge) as well as opportunities.
②It is so challenging(challenge) a job that I can’t finish it on my own.续 表
重点词汇夯实练
7．handle n.柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵
Those air conditioners are our best-selling products because they are easy to_handle(handle) and work with little noise.
8．defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n．失败
尽管被对手击败，但是他从没放弃希望。
①Although he was_defeated_by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.
②Defeated_by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.
9．cure n. [C]治愈；痊愈；疗法 vt.治愈；治疗；改掉(坏习惯)
①Although this medicine can cure you of your illness, it has a bad effect on you.
②The government is trying to find a good cure for unemployment.
10．pollute vt.污染；弄脏
①We are taking steps to prevent air from being_polluted(pollute)．
②Water pollution(pollute) is so serious that many people in the world can’t drink clean water.
阅读词汇排查练
1．characteristic n． 特征；特性
2．radium n. 镭
3．analyse vt. 分析
4．physician n. 医生；内科医师
5．outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)
6．victim n． 受害者
7．enquiry n. 询问
8．neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近
9．pump n. 泵；抽水机
vt. (用泵)抽(水)
10．firework n. 烟火(燃放)
11．chart n． 图表
12．positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的
13．movement n. 移动；运动；动作
14．reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃
15．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
重点短语
会书写
1．put_forward 提出
2．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论
3．expose...to 使显露；暴露
4．link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来
5．apart_from 除……之外；此外
6．make_sense 讲得通；有意义
7．(be)_strict_with... 对……严格
8．be_to_blame 应受谴责/责备
9．look_into 调查
10．lead_to 导致；通向
会应用
1．Though Mrs. Brown is_strict_with us in our studies, almost all of us love her very much.
2．The plan you put_forward at the meeting is worth considering.
3．(2018·天津卷)The training schedule, apart_from regular training, includes joining in all kinds of activities.
4．Your laziness may lead_to your failure in the coming exam.
5．It is evident that lung cancer is_linked_to smoking.
6．It was the boy rather than his teachers that was_to_blame for what the boy had done.
重点句型
1．neither...nor...既不……也不……
昆明是个美丽的地方，一年四季既不太热也不太冷。
Kunming is a beautiful city, where it’s neither_too_hot_nor_too_cold all over the year.
2．every time作连词，引导时间状语从句
每次我听到那首英文歌，我就禁不住想起我在澳大利亚的那些日子。
Every_time_I_hear the English song，I can’t help thinking of the days when I was in Australia.
3．“only＋状语”位于句首时要部分倒装
只有用这种方法我们才能为我们的家庭和社会做出贡献。
Only in this way can_we_make_a_great_contribution_to our family and our society.
4．so...that...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句
中国发展得如此之快，以至于我们有这么多的机会来实现我们的梦想。
China is developing_so_fast_that there are so many chances for us to achieve our dream.
5．have sth.done让某事由某人来做
我打算从事一项兼职工作，通过兼职工作可以开拓我的视野。
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)I intended to take up a part-time job, through which I can have_my_horizons_broadened.
单元语法
1．With fallen(fall) leaves buried in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
2．As we went out of the big crowd I got separated(separate) from my friends.
3．There was an excited(excite) look on his face when the actress appeared.
4．Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
5．The players selected(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．西蒙对科学很热忱，梦想成为一名科学家。(be enthusiastic about)
2．他对未来很乐观，而且在课堂上提出各种各样的问题。(be positive about; put forward)
3．老师对他要求很严格，此外，老师建议他多调查并且及时得出结论。(be strict with; draw a conclusion)
4．西蒙在实践中吸取了很多知识，并且坚持写科学报告，他常常让老师帮他检查科学报告。(absorb; have sb.do sth.)
5．每当他遇到挑战的时候，老师总是鼓励他。(meet with challenge)
6．老师常常对他说，只有坚持才能获得成功。(only if)
7．随着时间的推移，西蒙进步很快，他很有希望成为科学家。(with time going by)
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One possible version：
Simon is enthusiastic about science and dreams of becoming a scientist all the time. He is positive about the future and often puts forward a variety of questions in class. His teacher is very strict with him. In addition, the teacher suggests that Simon do more research and draw a conclusion in time. Simon has absorbed much knowledge from his practice and keeps on writing scientific reports, which he often has his teacher check. Every time he meets with challenge, his teacher always encourages him. His teacher often tells him that only if he keeps up can he succeed. With time going by, Simon has made rapid progress, and he is on the way of becoming a scientist.
课件26张PPT。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
