健康的生活离不开健康的食物，那么如何判断食物是否健康呢？让我们一起来学习一下吧！
A variety of strategies can be used to identify healthy food and junk food. The division between healthy food and junk food is not absolute, but healthy food typically contains more vitamins and minerals, lower levels of sodium(钠) and chemical additives(添加剂), and healthier oils and fats. Nutrition labels help determine the health of food. If nutritional data is not available, then a few simple rules of thumb can serve instead.
Food in most nations is required to carry nutritional information labels, which are the most effective tools. Healthy food should provide essential macronutrients such as protein, useful roughage in the form of fiber, or vitamins and minerals. Food with high levels of trans-fat, sodium, or calories from added sweeteners is more likely to be regarded as junk food.
If food labels are not present, a few simple rules of thumb can be used to settle the healthy food and junk food question. Natural food is typically healthier than food that has been chemically processed. Fruit and vegetables should almost always be considered healthy food. Colorful fruit and vegetables are typically very healthy, as rich green, purple, and red hues(色彩) are often produced by chemical compounds with significant health benefits.
In some cases, the processing techniques used in food may move it from one category to another. While apples certainly fall on the healthy side of the healthy food vs. junk food divide, the relative health benefits of eating an apple would be lost if that apple was first dipped in a thick rich layer of caramel sauce. An onion is a useful source of fiber but should be considered junk food when breaded and deep-fried.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.abuse n．& vt. 滥用；虐待
2.ban vt. 禁止；取缔
n. 禁令；谴责
3.due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
4.tough adj. 困难的；强硬的
5.quit vt. 停止(做某事)；离开
6.effect n. 结果；效力
7.lung n. 肺
8.packet n. 小包；小盒
拓展词汇
9.stress n．压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张→stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的
10.adolescent n．青少年 adj.青春期的→adolescence n．青春期
11.addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的→addict n．对……有瘾的人→addictive adj.使人上瘾的
12.accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
13.automatic adj.无意识的；自动的→automatically adv.无意识地；自动地
14.mental adj.精神的；智力的→mentally adv.精神上；智力上→physical(反义词) adj.身体的
15.abnormal adj.畸形的；异常的→normal(反义词) adj.正常的
16.unfit adj.不健康的；不合适的；不合格的→fit(反义词) adj.健康的
17.strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强→strength n．力量
18.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointment n．失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的
19.ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shame n．羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的
阅读词汇
20.cigarette n． 香烟；纸烟
21.alcohol n. 酒；酒精
22.alcoholic adj. 酒精的
23.fitness n. 健康
24.obesity n. (过度)肥胖；肥胖症
25.withdrawal n． 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
26.bad-tempered adj. 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
27.pregnant adj. 怀孕的
28.chemist n. 药剂师；化学家
重点短语
1.addicted to 对……有瘾
2.over and over again 再三地；反复地
3.throw away 扔掉；抛弃
4.do damage to 伤害；损伤
5.give up 放弃；戒掉
6.due to 由于……
7.decide on 对……作出决定
8.instead of 代替；而不是
9.feel like (doing) 想要(做)……
10.accustomed to 习惯于……
重点句型
1.find it＋adj.＋to do sth.发现做某事……
Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up(觉得戒烟很难).
2.It’s time to do sth.该做某事的时候了
When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking(该到戒烟的时候了).
3.as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...和……一样……
I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have(像我这样活得健康长寿).
4.every time意为“每次”，引导时间状语从句
Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette(每当你想要吸烟的时候), remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.
Fast-reading
Skim the text and then do the following exercises.
1．What does the passage tell us?
A．Tips on how to give up smoking.
B．The harmful effects of smoking.
C．Different ways people can become addicted to smoking.
D．The reasons why a smoker becomes addicted to smoking and some advice on how to give up smoking.
答案：D
2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Leading to the topic by talking about James’ problem of smoking.
Para.2 B．Introducing different ways of becoming addicted.
Para.3 C．Telling the writer’s hope for his grandson and
advice on stopping smoking.
Para.4 D．Telling the harmful effects of smoking.
Para.5 E．Telling the importance of healthy life from
the writer’s own life now.
答案：EABDC
Careful-reading
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．How many suggestions did James’ grandfather give in the text?
A．Three. B．Four.
C．Five. D．Six.
2．From the first two sentences of the letter, we know that James’ grandfather ________．
A．leads a healthy life
B．feels like seating himself in the garden
C．has nothing to do at home
D．is tired of a long bike trip
3．How did the writer try to persuade his grandson to get rid of smoking?
A．By using scientific theory.
B．By telling his own love story.
C．Through his sports activity.
D．Through his own experience.
4．From the passage, we know that ________．
A．the writer didn’t get rid of smoking
B．the writer used to be a member of the school football team
C．the writer is lonely at present
D．the writer’s suggestions came from his experience
答案：1－4.DADB
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
该句为复合句。It在该句中作________主语，真正的主语是____________，且that不能省略。
[翻译] 很吃惊，在我这样的年纪，身体还很健康，还能在一个下午骑车跑20公里。
答案：形式；that引导的从句
2．Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.
本句中Believe me作________， know后跟了两个how引导的宾语从句，其句式为“how＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语”，其中it为形式主语， ______________为真正的主语。
[翻译] 相信我，我知道吸烟容易戒烟难。
答案：插入语；不定式短语
3．I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked.
①本句是一个由________连接的并列复合句。
②前一分句是复合句，其中believed后跟省略了连接词that的________从句。
③后一分句也是复合句，其中think后跟that引导的宾语从句；宾语从句中又包含when引导的________状语从句。
[翻译] 我(那时)认为抽了一支烟后我会感到更轻松愉快， 于是我开始认为只有抽烟才能使自己感觉良好。
答案：so；宾语；时间
4．When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句是I knew it was time to quit smoking, knew后跟省略了连接词that的宾语从句。
③When引导时间状语从句，从句中又包含because引导的________状语从句。
[翻译] 当我因为健康状况欠佳而被校足球队除名时，我才知道该是我戒烟的时候了。
答案：原因
①due to 由于……
due[dju?；US du?]adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的
②tough[t?f]adj.困难的；强硬的
③adolescence[??d?'les?ns]
n．青春期
④addicted to 对……有瘾
addicted[?'dIktId]adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
⑤accustomed to习惯于……(to为介词)
accustomed[?'k?st?md]
adj.惯常的；习惯了的
⑥withdrawal[wIe'dr???l]n.戒毒(或脱瘾)过程；收回；撤退
withdraw v．退出；撤回，撤离
⑦bad-tempered adj. 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
⑧automatically[???t?'m?tIklI]
adv.无意识地；自动地
automatic[???t?'m?tIk]
adj.无意识的；自动的
⑨mentally['ment?lI]
adv.精神上；智力上
physically adv.身体上，肉体上
⑩quit[kwIt]vt.停止(做某事)；离开
quit doing sth.停止做某事
?effect[I'fekt]n.结果；效力(常与介词on连用)
effective adj.有效的；起作用的
?do damage to... 使……受到损害
?lung[l??]n.肺
?pregnant['preɡn?nt]adj.
怀孕的
?abnormal[?b'n??m?l]adj.
畸形的；异常的
abnormally adv.异常地
?breathless['breθlIs]adj.
气喘吁吁的；屏息的
breath[breθ]n.呼吸的空气；一次性吸入的空气
breathe[bri?e]v.呼吸；呼出
?take off在此处的意思是“调离，解除(工作、职务等)”，还可以表示“脱下；起飞；迅速流行”。
?unfit[??n'fIt]adj.不健康的；不合适的；不合格的
?strengthen['stre?θ?n]vt.
加强；巩固；使坚强vi.变强
strength n．力量；优点
?resolve[rI'z?lv]n.决心；决定
decide on对……作出决定
decide on (doing) sth.决定(做)某事
stressful adj.产生压力的，紧张的(常用来修饰物)
stressed adj.焦虑不安的(常用来修饰人)
packet/'p?kIt/n.小包；小盒
determined adj.有决心的，意志坚定的
feel like (doing) 想要(做)……
break the habit 改掉习惯(尤指坏习惯)
reach for 伸手去拿
relaxation[?ri?l?k'seI?n]n.
放松；松弛
relaxed adj.放松的，镇定的；自在的
relaxing adj.令人放松的，轻松的
relax v．松弛；放松
desperate['desp?r?t]adj.
绝望的；拼命的
chemist['kemIst]n.药剂师；化学家
gum[ɡ?m]n.树胶
chewing gum 口香糖
disappointed[?dIs?'p?IntId]adj.失望的；沮丧的
weaken['wi?k?n]vi.(对某事的决心)动摇；减弱
vt.(使)变弱
ashamed[?'?eImd]adj.
感到惭愧或羞耻的
【核心素养链接】
世界前八位致死疾病中有六种疾病(缺血性心脏病、脑血管病、下呼吸道感染、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、结核和肺癌)与吸烟有关。吸烟可能引发肺、喉、肾、胃、膀胱、结肠、口腔和食道等部位的肿瘤，以及流产、早产、胎儿出生缺陷等。吸烟者吸烟量越大、烟龄越长以及开始吸烟的年龄越早，患与吸烟相关的疾病的风险就越大。
ADVICE FROM GRANDAD
Dear James，
It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It’s my birthday in two weeks’ time and I’ll be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to① the healthy life I live.
◆It为形式主语，that 在句中引导主语从句。
◆本句为主从复合句，think后是一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句，其中I live 为省略关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词the healthy life。
This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough② it is to stop. You see, during adolescence③ I also smoked and became addicted to④ cigarettes.
◆此处为“动词＋形式宾语it＋adj.＋to do”结构，其中it为形式宾语，后面的动词不定式短语to give it up是真正的宾语。
◆Believe me为插入语，know后面跟了两个宾语从句。宾语从句是由how引导的感叹句转化而来，其中it为宾语从句中的形式主语，动词不定式短语to begin smoking和to stop为真正的主语。
By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways? First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to⑤ having nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal⑥ symptoms. I remember feeling bad-tempered⑦ and sometimes even in pain. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically⑧. Lastly, you can become mentally⑨ addicted. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit⑩. But I did finally manage.
◆此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词nicotine。
When I was young, I didn’t know much about the harmful effects? of smoking. I didn’t know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to? your heart and lungs? or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant?. I certainly didn’t know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal? in some way. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers . However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow. She told me that she wouldn’t go out with me again unless I stopped! I also noticed that I became breathless? quickly, and that I wasn’t enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off? the school football team because I was unfit? , I knew it was time to quit smoking.
◆本句含有that引导的两个并列的宾语从句，for example为插入语。
◆否定词Neither位于句首，所在的句子用部分倒装。
◆what I did know为what 引导的主语从句，that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible为that引导的表语从句。
I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet. It might help you to stop and strengthen? your resolve?. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have．
◆此处为“as...as...”结构中的一种形式，即“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as...”。
Love from
Grandad
How can you stop smoking?
It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you. Here are a few suggestions.
·Prepare yourself. Decide on a day to quit. Don’t choose a day that you know is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam. Make a list of all the benefits you will get from stopping smoking. Then throw away your last packet of cigarettes.
·Be determined. Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. Reread the list of benefits you wrote earlier．
·Break the habit. Instead of smoking a cigarette, do something else. Go for a walk, clean your teeth, drink some water, clean the house; in fact, do anything to keep your mind and especially your hands busy．
·Relax. If you start to feel nervous or stressed, do not reach for a cigarette. Try some deep breathing instead. Do some relaxation exercises every time you feel stressed.
·Get help if you need it. Arrange to stop smoking with a friend so you can talk about your problems, or join a stop-smoking group. If you feel desperate, you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you, like nicotine chewing gum.
·Keep trying. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking. If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed. Just try again. You will succeed eventually.
◆句子用了部分倒装结构，表示前者的情况也适用于后者。
◆that引导的定语从句修饰先行词 a day, that在从句中作主语，从句中you know为插入语。
◆you will get from stopping smoking为定语从句，修饰先行词benefits，其中关系词省略了。
◆本句中的Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette为Every time引导的时间状语从句，后面的主句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句。
◆you wrote earlier为定语从句，修饰先行词benefits，其中关系词省略了。
◆句中keep your mind and especially your hands busy为“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补由形容词busy来充当。
◆本句为主从复合句，主句为祈使句，if引导条件状语从句，before引导时间状语从句。
爷爷的忠告
亲爱的詹姆斯：
今天这儿的天气很好。我现在正坐在花园尽头的那棵大树底下。我骑自行车去了远处的一座古城堡，刚刚回来。很吃惊吧，在我这样的年纪，身体还很健康，还能在一个下午骑车跑20公里。再过两个礼拜就是我82岁的生日了！我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。
这就是我写这封信的真正原因，我亲爱的孙子。你妈妈告诉我，你不久前开始吸烟了，而且现在你发现很难把它戒掉。相信我，我知道吸烟容易戒烟难。你知道，我年少的时候也吸过烟，而且还对香烟上了瘾。
顺便问一下，你知道这是因为你在三个不同的方面上瘾了吗？首先，你的身体会对尼古丁上瘾，尼古丁是香烟里成百种的化学物质之一。这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体就习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。因此一旦你的体内没有这种药物了，你就会出现脱瘾症状。我记得(那时)我脾气暴躁，有时甚至感到痛苦。其次，你也会因为习惯而上瘾。正如你所知道的，如果你反反复复地做同一件事情，你便会开始不由自主地去做这件事。最后，你会在精神上上瘾。我(那时)认为抽了一支烟后我会感到更轻松愉快，于是我开始认为只有抽烟才能使自己感觉良好。我在这三个方面都上瘾了，因此，戒烟很难。但是我最终还是戒掉了。
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害我知道的并不多。比如说，我不知道抽烟能严重侵害人的心脏和肺部，也不知道抽烟的夫妇生育能力会下降。我当然不知道他们的婴儿在出生时可能体重较轻，甚至在某种程度上(发育)畸形。我也不知道自己抽烟产生的烟还会影响不吸烟的人的健康。然而我知道的是，我的女朋友觉得我身上很难闻。她说我的呼吸和我的衣服都有味道，还说我的手指头都变黄了。她告诉我除非我把烟戒掉，否则她就不再和我交往了。我还发现我很容易变得气喘吁吁，也不像以前那样爱好体育运动了。当我因为健康状况欠佳而被校足球队除名时，我才知道该是我戒烟的时候了。
我把我在网上找到的一些建议寄给你，这也许对你戒烟和下定决心有所帮助。我真的希望是这样，因为我想你能像我一样健康长寿。
爱你的爷爷
怎样才能戒烟？
戒烟不容易，但几百万人都成功地戒掉了烟，所以你也能。这儿有几点建议：
·做好准备。决定一个开始戒烟的日子。不要选择你明知有压力的日子，例如要考试的那一天。把你会从戒烟中获得的所有好处列一张清单。然后把你最后一包香烟扔掉。
·下定决心。每次你想吸烟的时候，你就提醒自己：你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。把你早先写的那张(关于戒烟的)好处的清单再读一下。
·改掉习惯。不要抽烟，去干点儿别的事情。去散散步，刷刷牙，喝点儿水，打扫房间。事实上，只要是能使你的大脑，特别是让你的手不闲着的事情，你都可以去做。
·放松。如果你开始感到紧张或有压力，不要伸手去拿香烟，而是试着做些深呼吸。每当你感到紧张时，就去做些放松运动。
·需要的话找人帮忙。找个朋友一起安排戒烟，这样你可以谈谈你的问题，或者参加一个戒烟小组。如果你感到绝望，你还可以和医生或药剂师谈些能帮助你的事情，如嚼含尼古丁的口香糖等。
·不断尝试。如果非得尝试多次才能最终把烟戒掉，你也不要失望。如果你因意志薄弱而又吸烟了，也不要感到羞愧。再试一次就是了。最终你会成功的。
阅读理解
A
Kieron Graham has known from a young age that he was adopted. While he loves his adoptive family, he has always wondered about his birth mother and brother. When his adoptive mom gave him a DNA test tool, they both hoped it might help him find his birth family. But neither of them guessed it would work so quickly. And when it did, Graham learned he and his long-lost brother should have crossed paths every day.
It took just one week from the time Graham, a college student at Georgia’s Kennesaw State University, received his DNA results on Ancestry.com for him to connect with his brother. Graham’s DNA results showed that his closest match was a man named Vincent Ghant, and it turned out that Ghant lived just a few minutes away.
Graham reached out and learned that the two were in fact long-lost brothers. Their mother, Shawn Ghant, made the diffcult decision to place Kieron in adoptive care when he was just a baby. And she has worried and wondered about her youngest son ever since. Graham has since been reunited with his mother and both of his brothers on his mother’s side.
“It’s all surreal(离奇的). Too many words are needed to describe exactly what I’m feeling about the entire situation, but it’s a good situation，” Graham tells MNN.
As fate would have it, Kieron and Vincent are both students at Kennesaw State University. They even have the same major—Political Science. So it’s a safe bet the two have crossed paths many times over the past three years. And now, thanks to some DNA sleuthing(侦查), the two will cross paths many more times in the years to come.
“We’re getting together on Christmas with everyone, birth mother included，” Graham says. “That’s sure to be a very indelible Christmas indeed, which will always be remembered by us.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Graham在一家网站的帮助下，找到了自己的哥哥及亲生母亲的故事。
1．According to the passage, Graham ________．
A．is quite familiar with his birth brother
B．relied on a website to find his birth family
C．happens to be working in Ancestry.com
D．is studying science in the state university
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的．..received his DNA results on Ancestry.com for him to connect with his brother.可知，Graham依靠一家网站来帮助他寻找他的亲人。
2．What can we know from the third paragraph?
A．It was hard for Shawn to place her son in adoptive care.
B．Graham has three adoptive brothers on his mother’s side.
C．It was too difficult for the whole family to get reunited.
D．Shawn Ghant loves her older sons more.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Shawn Ghant, made the difficult decision to place Kieron in adoptive care when he was just a baby.可知，对于Shawn来说，要把自己的亲生儿子寄养出去是一个艰难的抉择。
3．What does Graham probably think of his experience?
A．Unbelievable and exciting.
B．Surprising but common.
C．Undoubted and inspiring.
D．Moving but painful.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的It’s all surreal(离奇的). Too many words are needed to describe exactly what I’m feeling about the entire situation, but it’s a good situation可知，Graham对其找到亲生母亲的经历感到不可思议，找到后则感觉很激动。
4．What does the underlined word “indelible” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Normal. B．Silent.
C．Unforgettable. D．Traditional.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的．..which will always be remembered by us.可知，Graham和亲生母亲及哥哥团聚后，将会度过一个令人难忘的圣诞节。
B
In the past five years, Instagram has taken off faster than anyone would have ever expected. It has become more than just a social media(社交媒体)．It has become a community. Within this community of over 800 millon people, there are two obvious groups when it comes to diet culture and weight-loss programs.
I have run a blog about this for over two years, and I have experience of both of these groups. I have followed accounts of people strictly counting their calories(卡路里), and observing their food habits.
On the other side of this are people who support intuitive__eating,__who make sure they remind people that their weight is the least of their worries. They try to tell people that food is fuel, rather than something that will make them lose or gain weight. This group on Instagram helps people suffering from eating disorders, rather than fueling them.
The rise of Instagram has also led to the rise of what we call “Instagram models”. These people have a lot of fans and a very beautiful image on Instagram. This isn’t a bad thing. Humans are attracted to attractive people. Where this does go wrong however is when people running weight-loss programs, selling weight-loss products, and other people supporting different types of diets get into contact with these people and offer to pay them to get their message across.
We also run into issues with what the public think of these models’ bodies. Not only is it bad for the self-esteem(自尊) of the people viewing the account, but also for the mental health of the person running the Instagram account.
The people that promote(推销) these weight-loss products are usually attractive, and have what we would consider “the perfect body” and the products are almost always diet related in some way. This enforces the idea in the consumers’ mind that in order to reach this perfect body type you must use this product.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者在文章中表达了自己对在Instagram网站中出现的有关饮食和生活习惯等问题的看法。
5．What has the author’s blog focused on for over two years?
A．Food culture. B．Food and lifestyle.
C．Eating disorders. D．Exercise and food.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的there are two obvious groups when it comes to diet culture and weight-loss programs和第二段中的I have run a blog about this for over two years可知，作者曾经开过有关食物和生活方式的博客。
6．What does the underlined part “intuitive eating” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Eating food when you’re hungry.
B．Eating enough food at a time.
C．Eating healthy food.
D．Eating strictly.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据下文中的make sure they remind people...rather than something that will make them lose or gain weight可知，intuitive eating意为“凭直觉吃东西”，即吃东西时不关注自己的健康与肥胖等问题。
7．What problem does the author think Instagram models have?
A．They mislead other people.
B．They suffer from mental diseases.
C．They care too much about their bodies.
D．They show no interest in health.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Where this does go wrong however is when...weight-loss programs，...offer to pay them to get their message across.可知，一些减肥节目、减肥产品等让观众深信不疑，从而给他们带来了负面的影响。
8．How does the author sound in the last two paragraphs?
A．Joking. B．Praising.
C．Disagreeing. D．Understanding.
C 解析：推理判断题。由最后两段的内容可知，作者并不认可推销产品及模特等的做法。
完形填空
While shopping for clothes, my daughter, aged 10, insisted on getting the latest style shirt in a popular name brand with logos. I explained that the shirt cost more than the unknown or __1__ shirt, so she could have two of the name brand, or four of the other. She chose to get the cheaper one though__2__．
When we got home, __3__， I discovered that she had several packages of extra buttons from the name brand shirt. __4__ where she got them, she said that she found them on the floor of the store and she didn’t __5__ them. I explained that this was a special kind of stealing action and she would have to __6__ them with an apology and a __7__ that she would never do it again. Before we got back into the car to give them back, I called the store and explained the __8__， saying that I wanted to call the security who would then be left to __9__ the little “thief” in a(n) __10__ manner. With my permission two young security men __11__ her into the monitor(监控) room and made her believe they would be __12__ her like hawks anytime she was in the store. Then they showed her out and later __13__ me. They said they wished more parents would do like me rather than refuse to __14__ that their child could “do such a thing” __15__ they found their kid __16__ red-handed.
I had taught my daughter a(n) __17__ lesson. In this way I killed two birds with one stone. The first is about __18__ with an eye for right __19__ , while the second is about morality. Because of the first, she’s still frugal(节俭的) to this day, at age 45; and for the second, that __20__ made her a really honest woman with high morality.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者带着10岁的女儿购物，在购物中，她发现了女儿存在的问题。由于处理正确，她给女儿上了重要的一课，使其受益匪浅。
1．A.ugly B．broken
C．common D．special
C 解析：根据前后文可知作者10岁的女儿坚持要最新款式的名牌衬衣，而这要比不知名的或者普通的衬衣要贵很多。
2．A.hardly B．immediately
C．carefully D．unwillingly
D 解析：在作者的劝说下，作者的女儿不情愿地挑选了较便宜的衬衣。
3．A.however B．moreover
C．therefore D．besides
A 解析：不知什么原因，当她们回到家时，作者发现了几包名牌衬衣上的纽扣。
4．A.Recommended B．Considered
C．Asked D．Supposed
C 解析：作者追问女儿这些纽扣是哪里来的，女儿说是在商店的地上找到的。
5．A.hide B．deal with
C．discover D．pay for
D 解析：这些纽扣是她女儿从商场的地上拿的，但是她没付钱。
6．A.ignore B．return
C．use D．sell
B 解析：作者认为这是一种偷盗行为，她女儿必须将这些东西还回去，并且道歉。
7．A.praise B．smile
C．promise D．permission
C 解析：作者让女儿保证以后再不会干这样的事儿了。
8．A.accident B．tragedy
C．definition D．situation
D 解析：作者对超市人员解释了所发生的事情或当时的情况。
9．A.handle B．criticize
C．prevent D．control
A 解析：作者为了教育她女儿，给超市打电话叫了保安来处置“小偷”。
10．A.calm B．ridiculous
C．appropriate D．strange
C 解析：作者希望保安用合适的方式处理这次偷盗行为。
11．A.shut B．took
C．forced D．pushed
B 解析：在得到作者的允许后，保安将作者的女儿带进了监控室。
12．A.watching B．inquiring
C．protecting D．educating
A 解析：保安将作者的女儿带到监控室，让她相信当她在商店里的时候，他们随时像鹰一样地注视着她。
13．A.comforted B．encouraged
C．thanked D．inspired
C 解析：由后文可知超市人员感谢作者(真诚、不袒护自己的孩子)。他们希望更多的家长像作者那样。
14．A.pretend B．admit
C．discuss D．notice
B 解析：保安希望更多的家长能够像作者一样坦诚，而不是拒绝承认自己的孩子会做不好的事情。
15．A.if B．or
C．so D．although
D 解析：尽管有些孩子被当场抓了现行，家长还是拒绝承认。
16．A.caught B．trapped
C．cheated D．pressed
A 解析：be caught red-handed意为“被当场抓住”，符合语境
17．A.popular B．important
C．easy D．normal
B 解析：作者说她给女儿上了重要的一课，即给了女儿一个深刻的教训。
18．A.working B．living
C．studying D．shopping
D 解析：根据后文可知这个教训起到了一石二鸟的效果。第一个是关于购物。
19．A.opportunity B．value
C．behavior D．emotion
B 解析：根据下文作者说女儿45岁了，仍过着节俭的生活，可知作者让女儿知道了购物需着眼于物品的价值(即不追求名牌)。
20．A.incident B．choice
C．result D．method
A 解析：作者利用这件事教育了她的女儿，使她成了一个诚实的、品德高尚的人。
课件58张PPT。Unit 3 A healthy lifeUnit 3 A healthy lifeUnit 3 A healthy lifeUnit 3 A healthy lifeUnit 3 A healthy lifeUnit 3 A healthy lifeUnit 3 A healthy lifeabusebanduetoughquit effectlungpacketstressadolescentaddictedaccustomautomaticmentalabnormalunfitstrengthendisappointedashamed香烟；纸烟酒；酒精酒精的健康(过度)肥胖；肥胖症收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程脾气暴躁的；易怒的怀孕的药剂师；化学家addicted toover and over againthrow awaydo damage togive updue todecide oninstead offeel like (doing)accustomed tofinding it difficult to give it upit was time to quit smokinglive as long and healthy Every time you feel like smoking a cigarettea life as I have本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
阅读理解
A
Kieron Graham has known from a young age that he was adopted. While he loves his adoptive family, he has always wondered about his birth mother and brother. When his adoptive mom gave him a DNA test tool, they both hoped it might help him find his birth family. But neither of them guessed it would work so quickly. And when it did, Graham learned he and his long-lost brother should have crossed paths every day.
It took just one week from the time Graham, a college student at Georgia’s Kennesaw State University, received his DNA results on Ancestry.com for him to connect with his brother. Graham’s DNA results showed that his closest match was a man named Vincent Ghant, and it turned out that Ghant lived just a few minutes away.
Graham reached out and learned that the two were in fact long-lost brothers. Their mother, Shawn Ghant, made the diffcult decision to place Kieron in adoptive care when he was just a baby. And she has worried and wondered about her youngest son ever since. Graham has since been reunited with his mother and both of his brothers on his mother’s side.
“It’s all surreal(离奇的). Too many words are needed to describe exactly what I’m feeling about the entire situation, but it’s a good situation，” Graham tells MNN.
As fate would have it, Kieron and Vincent are both students at Kennesaw State University. They even have the same major—Political Science. So it’s a safe bet the two have crossed paths many times over the past three years. And now, thanks to some DNA sleuthing(侦查), the two will cross paths many more times in the years to come.
“We’re getting together on Christmas with everyone, birth mother included，” Graham says. “That’s sure to be a very indelible Christmas indeed, which will always be remembered by us.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Graham在一家网站的帮助下，找到了自己的哥哥及亲生母亲的故事。
1．According to the passage, Graham ________．
A．is quite familiar with his birth brother
B．relied on a website to find his birth family
C．happens to be working in Ancestry.com
D．is studying science in the state university
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的．..received his DNA results on Ancestry.com for him to connect with his brother.可知，Graham依靠一家网站来帮助他寻找他的亲人。
2．What can we know from the third paragraph?
A．It was hard for Shawn to place her son in adoptive care.
B．Graham has three adoptive brothers on his mother’s side.
C．It was too difficult for the whole family to get reunited.
D．Shawn Ghant loves her older sons more.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Shawn Ghant, made the difficult decision to place Kieron in adoptive care when he was just a baby.可知，对于Shawn来说，要把自己的亲生儿子寄养出去是一个艰难的抉择。
3．What does Graham probably think of his experience?
A．Unbelievable and exciting.
B．Surprising but common.
C．Undoubted and inspiring.
D．Moving but painful.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的It’s all surreal(离奇的). Too many words are needed to describe exactly what I’m feeling about the entire situation, but it’s a good situation可知，Graham对其找到亲生母亲的经历感到不可思议，找到后则感觉很激动。
4．What does the underlined word “indelible” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Normal. B．Silent.
C．Unforgettable. D．Traditional.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的．..which will always be remembered by us.可知，Graham和亲生母亲及哥哥团聚后，将会度过一个令人难忘的圣诞节。
B
In the past five years, Instagram has taken off faster than anyone would have ever expected. It has become more than just a social media(社交媒体)．It has become a community. Within this community of over 800 millon people, there are two obvious groups when it comes to diet culture and weight-loss programs.
I have run a blog about this for over two years, and I have experience of both of these groups. I have followed accounts of people strictly counting their calories(卡路里), and observing their food habits.
On the other side of this are people who support intuitive__eating,__who make sure they remind people that their weight is the least of their worries. They try to tell people that food is fuel, rather than something that will make them lose or gain weight. This group on Instagram helps people suffering from eating disorders, rather than fueling them.
The rise of Instagram has also led to the rise of what we call “Instagram models”. These people have a lot of fans and a very beautiful image on Instagram. This isn’t a bad thing. Humans are attracted to attractive people. Where this does go wrong however is when people running weight-loss programs, selling weight-loss products, and other people supporting different types of diets get into contact with these people and offer to pay them to get their message across.
We also run into issues with what the public think of these models’ bodies. Not only is it bad for the self-esteem(自尊) of the people viewing the account, but also for the mental health of the person running the Instagram account.
The people that promote(推销) these weight-loss products are usually attractive, and have what we would consider “the perfect body” and the products are almost always diet related in some way. This enforces the idea in the consumers’ mind that in order to reach this perfect body type you must use this product.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者在文章中表达了自己对在Instagram网站中出现的有关饮食和生活习惯等问题的看法。
5．What has the author’s blog focused on for over two years?
A．Food culture. B．Food and lifestyle.
C．Eating disorders. D．Exercise and food.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的there are two obvious groups when it comes to diet culture and weight-loss programs和第二段中的I have run a blog about this for over two years可知，作者曾经开过有关食物和生活方式的博客。
6．What does the underlined part “intuitive eating” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Eating food when you’re hungry.
B．Eating enough food at a time.
C．Eating healthy food.
D．Eating strictly.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据下文中的make sure they remind people...rather than something that will make them lose or gain weight可知，intuitive eating意为“凭直觉吃东西”，即吃东西时不关注自己的健康与肥胖等问题。
7．What problem does the author think Instagram models have?
A．They mislead other people.
B．They suffer from mental diseases.
C．They care too much about their bodies.
D．They show no interest in health.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Where this does go wrong however is when...weight-loss programs，...offer to pay them to get their message across.可知，一些减肥节目、减肥产品等让观众深信不疑，从而给他们带来了负面的影响。
8．How does the author sound in the last two paragraphs?
A．Joking. B．Praising.
C．Disagreeing. D．Understanding.
C 解析：推理判断题。由最后两段的内容可知，作者并不认可推销产品及模特等的做法。
完形填空
While shopping for clothes, my daughter, aged 10, insisted on getting the latest style shirt in a popular name brand with logos. I explained that the shirt cost more than the unknown or __1__ shirt, so she could have two of the name brand, or four of the other. She chose to get the cheaper one though__2__．
When we got home, __3__， I discovered that she had several packages of extra buttons from the name brand shirt. __4__ where she got them, she said that she found them on the floor of the store and she didn’t __5__ them. I explained that this was a special kind of stealing action and she would have to __6__ them with an apology and a __7__ that she would never do it again. Before we got back into the car to give them back, I called the store and explained the __8__， saying that I wanted to call the security who would then be left to __9__ the little “thief” in a(n) __10__ manner. With my permission two young security men __11__ her into the monitor(监控) room and made her believe they would be __12__ her like hawks anytime she was in the store. Then they showed her out and later __13__ me. They said they wished more parents would do like me rather than refuse to __14__ that their child could “do such a thing” __15__ they found their kid __16__ red-handed.
I had taught my daughter a(n) __17__ lesson. In this way I killed two birds with one stone. The first is about __18__ with an eye for right __19__ , while the second is about morality. Because of the first, she’s still frugal(节俭的) to this day, at age 45; and for the second, that __20__ made her a really honest woman with high morality.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者带着10岁的女儿购物，在购物中，她发现了女儿存在的问题。由于处理正确，她给女儿上了重要的一课，使其受益匪浅。
1．A.ugly B．broken
C．common D．special
C 解析：根据前后文可知作者10岁的女儿坚持要最新款式的名牌衬衣，而这要比不知名的或者普通的衬衣要贵很多。
2．A.hardly B．immediately
C．carefully D．unwillingly
D 解析：在作者的劝说下，作者的女儿不情愿地挑选了较便宜的衬衣。
3．A.however B．moreover
C．therefore D．besides
A 解析：不知什么原因，当她们回到家时，作者发现了几包名牌衬衣上的纽扣。
4．A.Recommended B．Considered
C．Asked D．Supposed
C 解析：作者追问女儿这些纽扣是哪里来的，女儿说是在商店的地上找到的。
5．A.hide B．deal with
C．discover D．pay for
D 解析：这些纽扣是她女儿从商场的地上拿的，但是她没付钱。
6．A.ignore B．return
C．use D．sell
B 解析：作者认为这是一种偷盗行为，她女儿必须将这些东西还回去，并且道歉。
7．A.praise B．smile
C．promise D．permission
C 解析：作者让女儿保证以后再不会干这样的事儿了。
8．A.accident B．tragedy
C．definition D．situation
D 解析：作者对超市人员解释了所发生的事情或当时的情况。
9．A.handle B．criticize
C．prevent D．control
A 解析：作者为了教育她女儿，给超市打电话叫了保安来处置“小偷”。
10．A.calm B．ridiculous
C．appropriate D．strange
C 解析：作者希望保安用合适的方式处理这次偷盗行为。
11．A.shut B．took
C．forced D．pushed
B 解析：在得到作者的允许后，保安将作者的女儿带进了监控室。
12．A.watching B．inquiring
C．protecting D．educating
A 解析：保安将作者的女儿带到监控室，让她相信当她在商店里的时候，他们随时像鹰一样地注视着她。
13．A.comforted B．encouraged
C．thanked D．inspired
C 解析：由后文可知超市人员感谢作者(真诚、不袒护自己的孩子)。他们希望更多的家长像作者那样。
14．A.pretend B．admit
C．discuss D．notice
B 解析：保安希望更多的家长能够像作者一样坦诚，而不是拒绝承认自己的孩子会做不好的事情。
15．A.if B．or
C．so D．although
D 解析：尽管有些孩子被当场抓了现行，家长还是拒绝承认。
16．A.caught B．trapped
C．cheated D．pressed
A 解析：be caught red-handed意为“被当场抓住”，符合语境
17．A.popular B．important
C．easy D．normal
B 解析：作者说她给女儿上了重要的一课，即给了女儿一个深刻的教训。
18．A.working B．living
C．studying D．shopping
D 解析：根据后文可知这个教训起到了一石二鸟的效果。第一个是关于购物。
19．A.opportunity B．value
C．behavior D．emotion
B 解析：根据下文作者说女儿45岁了，仍过着节俭的生活，可知作者让女儿知道了购物需着眼于物品的价值(即不追求名牌)。
20．A.incident B．choice
C．result D．method
A 解析：作者利用这件事教育了她的女儿，使她成了一个诚实的、品德高尚的人。
课件39张PPT。Unit 3 A healthy lifeabusingHaving abusedunderstressfulpressurepossessingonto completeDue to my English teacher’s helpIt was due to my English teacher’s help thatbecome/are/get addicted toaddict themselves toAddicted toAccustomedtoam accustomed to livingAccustomed to livingaccustom myself to livingon effectivehaving a great effect/influence/impact onfor to drivestrengthenstrengthstryingto warnto tellashamedhave visitedhave beenworked/should workasdidlive as long and healthy a life as本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.needle n． 针；(注射器的)针头
2.prejudice n. 偏见；成见
3.cigar n． 雪茄烟
4.awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
拓展词汇
5.illegal adj.不合法的；违法的→legal(反义词)adj.合法的
6.judgement n．看法；判决；判断→judge v．判决
7.embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的→embarrass vt.使局促不安→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的
8.male adj.男性的；雄性的n.男人；雄性动(植)物→female(反义词) adj.女性的；雌性的n.女人；雌性的动(植)物
9.survival n．幸存→survive vi.幸存；活下来
阅读词汇
10.appendix n． 附录；附件
11.pill n. 药丸；药片
12.robbery n. 抢劫；盗窃
13.immune adj. 有免疫力的
14.abortion n. 流产；中途失败
重点短语
1.go on a diet 节食
2.out of breath 透不过气来
3.in spite of 不顾；不管
4.make up one’s mind 下定决心
5.take risks(a risk) 冒险
6.get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
7.in the first place 首先
8.at risk 处境危险；遭受危险
重点句型
1.It is＋被强调部分＋that/who...
In fact it is(正是) the mental addiction rather than the physical effects that makes it really hard to quit smoking(使戒烟很难).
2.so...that...如此……以至于……
You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease(如此严重以至于你的身体不能再抵抗疾病).
Read the text and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．You can get HIV through ________．
A．having meals with the patients with AIDS
B．kissing someone with AIDS
C．injecting drugs using the same needle
D．touching someone infected with HIV
2．We can infer from the passage that ________．
A．HIV is the same as AIDS
B．HIV is different from AIDS
C．HIV weakens a person’s immune system
D．you can have HIV in your blood for quite a long time
3．The passage tells us about ________．
A．some common understanding of HIV/AIDS
B．a cure for HIV/AIDS that has been found by scientists
C．ways to protect ourselves
D．the definition of HIV/AIDS and the warning to us
4．The passage is a(n) ________．
A．advertisement B．story
C．poster D．news report
答案： 1－4.CBDC
①at risk 处境危险；遭受危险
②immune[I'mju?n]
adj.有免疫力的
③chance[t?a?ns]n.(尤指希望发生的事的)可能性
④survival[s?'vaIv?l]
n．幸存
⑤fluid['flu?Id]n.流体；液体
⑥sex[seks]n.性；性别
⑦infected[In'fektId]
adj.感染病菌的；被感染的
infection[In'fek??n]
n．传染，感染；传染病
⑧injection[In'd?ek??n]
n．注射；注射剂
inject[In'd?ekt]vt.注射
⑨a cure for...治疗……的方法
⑩needle['ni?dl]n.针；
(注射器的)针头
?spill[spIl](spilt，spilt)vi.溢出；洒落vt.使溢出；使洒落
?male[meIl]n.男人；
雄性动(植)物adj.男性的；雄性的
?female['fi?meIl]n.女人；雌性的动(植)物
adj.女性的；雌性的
?homosexual[?h??m?'sek???l]n.同性恋adj.同性恋的；前缀homo-(同样；相同)常构成名词和形容词。
?prejudice['pred??dIs]
n. 偏见；成见
【核心素养链接】
为提高人们对艾滋病的认识，世界卫生组织于1988年1月将每年的12月1日定为世界艾滋病日，号召世界各国和国际组织在这一天举办相关活动，宣传和普及预防艾滋病的知识。从此，这个概念被全球各国政府、国际组织和慈善机构采纳。之所以将每年12月1日定为世界艾滋病日，是因为第一个艾滋病病例是在1981年12月1日诊断出来的。
世界艾滋病日的标志是红绸带。红绸带标志的意义：红绸带像一条纽带，将世界人民紧紧联系在一起，共同抗击艾滋病。它象征着我们对艾滋病病人和感染者的关心与支持；象征着我们对生命的热爱和对和平的渴望；象征着我们要用“心”来参与预防艾滋病的工作。
HIV/AIDS：ARE YOU AT RISK①？
HIV is a virus. A virus is a very small living thing that causes disease. There are many different viruses, for example, the flu virus or the SARS virus. HIV weakens a person’s immune② system; that is, the part of the body that fights disease. You can have HIV in your blood for a long time, but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease. This stage of the illness is called AIDS. If you develop AIDS, your chances③ of survival④ are very small.
◆so...that...如此……以至于……，that引导结果状语从句。
HIV is spread through blood or the fluid⑤ that the body makes during sex⑥. For a person to become infected⑦， blood or sexual fluid that carries the virus, has to get inside the body through broken skin or by injection⑧. One day scientists will find a cure for⑨ HIV/AIDS. Until that happens, you need to protect yourself. Here are some things you can do to make sure you stay safe.
◆本句为复合句，其中you can do为定语从句，修饰先行词things, you stay safe为省略that的宾语从句，作make sure的宾语。
If you inject drugs：
·do not share your needle⑩ with anyone else. Blood from another person can stay on or in the needle. If a person has HIV and you use the same needle, you could inject the virus into your own blood.
·do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs. Blood could have spilt? on it.
If you have sex with a male? or a female?：
·use a condom. This will prevent sexual fluid passing from one person to another.
The following statements are NOT true.
·A person cannot get HIV the first time they have sex. WRONG. If one sexual partner has HIV, the other partner could become infected.
·You can tell by looking at someone whether or not they have HIV. WRONG. Many people carrying HIV look perfectly healthy. It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
·Only homosexuals? get AIDS. WRONG. Anyone who has sex with a person infected with HIV/AIDS risks getting the virus. Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men.
·If you hug, touch or kiss someone with AIDS or visit them in their home, you will get HIV/AIDS. WRONG. You can only get the disease from blood or sexual fluid. Unfortunately, people with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice?. Many people are afraid that they will get HIV/AIDS from those infected with HIV/AIDS. For the same reason, some AIDS patients cannot find anyone to look after them when they are sick.
·You can get HIV/AIDS from mosquitoes. WRONG. There is no evidence of this.
◆the first time they have sex为the first time引导的时间状语从句，the first time表示“第一次……的时候”。
◆carrying HIV为现在分词短语作定语，修饰Many people。
◆本句使用了强调句型It is...that...，被强调部分only when the disease has progressed to AIDS是时间状语从句。
◆who has sex...with HIV/AIDS为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Anyone，其中infected with HIV/AIDS为过去分词短语作定语，修饰a person。
人体免疫缺损病毒/艾滋病：你是否面临危险？
HIV是一种病毒。病毒是引发疾病的微生物。病毒的种类多种多样，如流感病毒或SARS病毒。HIV病毒会削弱人体的免疫系统，即身体里与疾病抗衡的那个部分。HIV病毒可以在血液中长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，致使你的身体不能再与疾病抗衡。疾病发展到这一阶段就叫艾滋病了。如果你得了艾滋病，那你存活的希望就很小了。
HIV病毒是通过血液或性交时身体产生的体液传播的。携带病毒的血液或体液必须通过皮肤上的创口或通过注射才能进入人体，使人受感染。总有一天科学家们会找到医治HIV病毒和艾滋病的方法。在找到之前，你需要保护你自己。你可以按照这里列举的一些注意事项去做，以确保自己安全。
如果你要注射药物：
·不要同他人共用注射针。别人的血液可能会留在针头上或针头内。如果一个人携带HIV病毒，而你又用了同一个注射针，你就有可能把这种病毒注入你自己的血液中。
·在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何物品。血液可能已经溅到这些物品上了。
如果你同一个男人或女人性交：
·使用避孕套。这样可以防止性交时产生的体液的传播。
下列这些说法都是错误的。
·初次性交时不可能感染HIV病毒。错误。如果性交的某一方携带HIV病毒，另一方就有可能被感染。
·你可以通过观察辨别出某人是否携带HIV病毒。错误。许多携带HIV病毒的人看上去十分健康。只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
·只有同性恋才得艾滋病。错误。任何人如果同感染了HIV病毒或得艾滋病的人性交，就有感染这种病毒的危险。女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。
·如果同艾滋病患者拥抱、接触或亲吻，或者去他们家做客，你就会感染HIV病毒或得艾滋病。错误。你只可能通过血液或性交时产生的体液得这种病。不幸的是，由于偏见，携带HIV病毒的人有时会失去他们的朋友。许多人担心他们会从患者那儿感染HIV病毒或得艾滋病。出于相同的原因，有些艾滋病患者在生病时找不到人来照顾他们。
·蚊子可以传播HIV病毒或艾滋病。错误。还没有证据证明这一点。
in spite of 不顾；不管
(教材P20) In spite of all his efforts he failed.He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying.
尽管他已竭尽全力， 但仍然失败了。他是如此苦恼以至于他想要哭。
(1)in spite of和despite介词短语，后跟名词。
(2)although, though, as为连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
①In spite of his age, he still leads an busy life.
尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活。
②Although/Though we are very tired, we have to stay up，preparing the report.
尽管我们很累，我们必须熬夜准备报告。
[链接写作]——一句多译
尽管交通拥挤，他还是设法准时来了。
①In spite of/Despite the heavy traffic, he managed to come on time.(介词短语)
②Although/Though the traffic was heavy, he managed to come on time.(状语从句)
③Heavy as the traffic was, he managed to come on time.(倒装)
take risks/a risk 冒险
(教材P20)He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.
他感到每一步都得做出决定而不是冒险。
(1)take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事
at risk 有风险
at the risk of... 冒着……的风险
(2)risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
①Your health might be at risk due to much smoking.
由于吸烟太多，你的健康可能受到威胁。
②He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk losing this opportunity.
他为面试作了充分的准备， 因为他不想冒险失去这次机会。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)They were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.
②If you tell him the truth, you will risk hurting(hurt) his feelings.
[链接写作]——一句多译
有一大家人要养活，他不能冒险失去这次好机会。
③He has a large family to support, so he can’t take risks/a risk to lose the good chance．(risk n．)
④He has a large family to support, so he can’t take/run the risk of losing the good chance．(risk n．)
⑤He has a large family to support, so he can’t risk losing the good chance．(risk v．)
get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
(教材P20)Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place！ 当然， 对付毒品的最好的方法是首先别养成(吸毒的)习惯！
get away with 侥幸成功；逃脱处罚
get along/on with 事情进展；相处
get down to 开始认真处理，对待
get rid of 去掉；摆脱
get through 通过；拨通(电话)；完成
get over 克服(困难等)；恢复
①Don’t let yourself get into the bad habit of smoking.
不要让自己染上抽烟的坏习惯。
②If you continue spending money like this, you’ll get into debt.
如果你继续这样花钱，(总有一天)你会负债的。
[即学即练]——用get的相关短语填空
①The girl has got into the habit of playing with her hair while reading.
②The moment he arrived home, he got down to dealing with the tough problem.
③I won’t have you getting away with telling people lies.
survival n．幸存；幸存者
(教材P22) If you develop AIDS, your chances of survival are very small.
如果你得了艾滋病， 那你存活的希望就很小了。
(1)survive vt.& vi. 生还，幸存；比……活得久
(2)survivor n. 生还者；残存者，幸存者
①A lot of small companies have to fight for survival.
很多小公司不得不为生存而拼搏。
②Her parents died in the accident, but she survived.
她的父母死于车祸， 但她幸免于难。
[链接写作]——一句多译
那天晚上幸存下来之后，他们相信其他的一切都会好起来的。
①After they survived that night, they were confident that everything else would be all right.(状语从句)
②Having survived that night, they were confident that everything else would be all right.(现在分词短语作状语)
judgement n．看法；评价；判决；判断
(教材P23)Before you read this text, what judgements did you make about people with HIV/AIDS?
在读这篇文章之前， 你对HIV病毒携带者或艾滋病患者作什么样的评价呢？
(1)in one’s judgement 在某人看来
make a judgement on/about
对……作出判断
pass judgement on 对……作出评判
(2)judge v. 审判；评判；断定
judging from/by... 根据……来判断(作插入语)
①He refused to make a judgement about the situation.
他拒绝对形势作出评价。
②In my judgement/opinion, he was unfit for the job.
依我看，他不适合这项工作。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I don’t think you have the right to pass judgement(judge) on others.
②Judging(judge) by/from his appearance and accent, the man must be from the south.
embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的
(教材P24)Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt so embarrassed and awkward.
然后她给我一支烟， 我感到很尴尬且局促不安。
(1)get/feel embarrassed 变得/感到尴尬
be embarrassed to do sth. 对于做某事感到窘迫
be embarrassed about... 对……感到尴尬
(2)embarrass vt. 使难堪；使尴尬
(3)embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
(4)embarrassment n. 难堪；窘迫
①He was embarrassed to admit making a mistake.
他不好意思承认犯了错。
②She gets embarrassed if we ask her to sing.
如果我们让她唱歌， 她就会难为情。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He was very embarrassed to__hear(hear) people speak so highly of him.
②Now he is in an embarrassing(embarrass) situation.
③My face turned red with embarrassment(embarrass)．
(教材P22)It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
只有当这种病毒发展成艾滋病时，人才会显出病态。
本句是强调句型，被强调部分是only when the disease has progressed to AIDS, 在句中作时间状语。
强调句型
It is＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
强调句型的一般疑问句
把is/was提前，即：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？
强调句型的特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他成分？
not...until的强调句
It was/is not until...that...
①It is only when we get ill that we begin to realize how important it is to keep healthy. 只有当我们生病的时候我们才开始意识到保持健康的重要性。
②Who was it that broke the window?
是谁打碎的窗户？
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)He didn’t meet the girl he would like to marry until he came back from America.
(高级表达)It was not until he came back from America that he met the girl he would like to marry.(强调句型)
品句填词
1．Compared to the male, the female(女性) are faced with greater pressure on employment.
2．The shy woman felt embarrassed(尴尬的) when she became the centre of attention.
3．Don’t eat so many sleeping pills(药丸) at a time, because they are harmful to your body.
4．If you continue to do illegal(非法的) things, you will end up in prison sooner or later.
5．The doctor took a risk, but the boy’s survival(幸存) made him very happy.
6．In her judgement(判断), William is not very good at taking charge of the department.
7.It is awkward(局促不安的) to have someone keeping an eye on you while you’re at work.
8．Racial prejudice(偏见) is always a problem that has not been solved all over the world.
选词填空
due to, be addicted to, be accustomed to, decide on, get into, in spite of, feel like, over and over again, give up, take risks
1．I repeated my father’s words over__and__over__again. Then I began to understand what he really meant.
2．The Smiths have lived near the railway for a long time so they’ve been__accustomed____to the noise of the train.
3．There is no limit to what can be achieved due__to the great support we have from our family.
4．Mary is a determined girl. Once she makes up her mind, she never gives__up．
5．The weather in Yunnan is quite agreeable. Have you decided__on going to Yunnan for your holiday this summer?
6．I would like to go to the cinema, while my husband feels__like staying at home watching football matches.
7．John used to be a nice man. But now he is__addicted__to alcohol and often beats his wife.
8．My father once said that nobody could succeed and get rich without taking__risks．
9．In__spite__of the high price, some young people prefer to buy famous brand products.
10．It’s easy to get__into bad habits while it’s difficult to get out of them.
完成句子
1．只要你努力，没有什么能阻止你实现梦想。
As long as you work hard, nothing can prevent__you(from)__realizing__your__dream．
2．只有当他独自一人时，他才会感到孤独和沮丧。
It__was__only when he was alone that he felt lonely and depressed.
3．如果这次事件得不到妥善解决的话，公司的整个前途将会受到威胁。
If the matter is not properly settled, the whole future of the company will__be__at__risk．
4．由于巨大的压力，她觉得对她来说很难适应现在的都市生活。
With great pressure, she__finds__it__hard__for__her to adapt to the present city life.
5．近年来，他一直努力工作，现在有足够的钱买一套漂亮的海边公寓了。
In recent years, he has been working hard all the time and now he is rich enough to buy a beautiful flat at the seaside.
单句语法填空
1．It is illegal(legal) to abuse your power, whatever the reason.
2．Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for survivors(survive) in an earthquake.
3．I felt much ashamed(shame) to have made such a stupid mistake once again in my work.
4．I felt embarrassed(embarrass) when my attempt to persuade him to quit smoking failed.
5．It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
6．What I tell my students is to ask more questions rather than be satisfied with a quick judgement(judge)．
7．I’m sorry but smoking is banned(ban) in this shopping mall, so please stop smoking here.
8．Many foreigners have been accustomed to using(use) chopsticks at the dinner table after living in China for a long time.
9．They hurried to catch the train due to__leave(leave) at 4：15 in the afternoon.
10．Would you please turn your radio down a little？I’m tired now and feel like sleeping(sleep)．
阅读理解
A
For This Teen, Dance Teaches the Value of Vulnerability(脆弱)
Daisy Kwok, 18, joined her school’s Hip-Hop Club and discovered her love for dance. Over the years, her shyness has been changed into confidence.
“If a choreography(编舞) is a controlled show, then a freestyle is putting all your emotions and anxieties on the spot. Dance makes me feel like I can fly, but it also translates into my biggest fear：vulnerability.”
Cancer(癌症) Cuts a Childhood Friendship Short, But Lessons Last
When Lucas Tran, 17, first joined the Cub Scouts, he wasn’t too excited about the program. But one day a friend asked him to join in a game, and Tran’s life would change forever.
“He taught me to enjoy life and to stay positive. But most importantly, Andy taught me to enjoy what you have right now because you never truly appreciate it until it’s gone.”
High School Student Goes from Homeless to Hopeful
Jennifer may look like your average high school student, but for two years, she was homeless. She lived with her undocumented parents for two years while they searched for a new home.
“I’m grateful for the family I have. Because no matter what situation we were in, we stayed together anyway.”
Redefining(重新定义) Manhood in Richmond
Young men growing up in Richmond face pressure to hold back their emotions, be violent and hide who they really are. Richmond High School students Frank Mendieta and Brian Higareda interviewed their friends and teachers to explore this “mask” of manhood.
“We have to put an end to gender norms(性别标准) where the man is a tough heartless person, and the woman is a caring person.”
Music Is the Spirit That Moves These Teens from Tonga
High school students, Joe Fifita and Moala Tautuaa, both 18, have been singing and playing music for as long as they can remember. They say it connects them to their Tongan roots, and makes them better people.
“It’s like we define every single note when we’re young, and just build on it as we get older.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述了几名青少年锐意进取、不断成长的故事。
1．What is the best lesson Lucas learnt from his friend?
A．Live in the moment.
B．Try to make changes.
C．Know how to control yourself.
D．Have a good attitude towards life.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据Cancer(癌症) Cuts a Childhood Friendship Short, But Lessons Last部分中的But most importantly, Andy taught me to enjoy what you have right now because you never truly appreciate it until it’s gone.可知，Lucas Tran的朋友告诉他最重要的是要珍惜现在。
2．Why do Frank and Brian talk to their friends and teachers?
A．To ask for help.
B．To study different characteristics.
C．To spread their views on men and women.
D．To figure out how to overcome the pressures of manhood.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据Redefining(重新定义) Manhood in Richmond部分中的Richmond High School students Frank Mendieta and Brian Higareda interviewed their friends and teachers to explore this “mask” of manhood.可知，Frank Mendieta和Brian Higareda采访他们的朋友和老师主要是想知道他们是如何对待或表现男子气概的，结合语境，即该如何克服所谓男子气概带给他们的压力。
3．What do Joe and Moala think of music?
A．It is a tie to their culture.
B．It represents their friendship.
C．It is an unforgettable memory.
D．It seems to be an impossible dream.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据Music Is the Spirit That Moves These Teens from Tonga部分中的They say it connects them to their Tongan roots可知，Joe和Moala认为音乐是连接他们与他们的文化之间的纽带。
B
Music is not just a set of sounds and rhythms. Its influence on the brain is much deeper than any other human experience. Keep on reading to know all those amazing powers of music.
A recent study suggests that preterm(早产的) babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music. Experts led by Dr.Manoi Kumar of the University of Alberta, Canada analyzed nine clinical trials and found that music had a beneficial effect on lessening pain for preterm babies experiencing painful medical procedures such as blood tests. It also appeared to benefit full-term babies during operations.
Many people experiencing brain damage have speech and movement-related problems. Music can help recover from brain injuries. As an alternative and effective treatment, doctors often recommend such patients to listen to good music to promote the parts of the brain responsible for these two functions. When people with neurological(神经的) disorders caused by a stroke or Parkinson’s disease hear a musical beat, it helps them to regain a balanced walk.
Though music cannot cure deafness, it really can stave__off the loss of hearing. There was an experiment involving 163 people where 74 were musicians. Participants were asked to pass some listening tests. Musicians heard the sounds better than non-musicians, and this difference gets more evident with age. This means that a 70-year-old musician hears better than a 50-year-old non-musician, even in a noisy environment.
Besides, music heals a broken heart. It is not about a cast-off love, but about a heart attack. The matter is that music can help people recover from a heart seizure(心脏病突发) or heart surgery by reducing blood pressure, slowing down the heartbeat rate, and relieving anxiety. Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions, improves circulation, and expands blood vessels, thus, promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular(心血管的)system.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，文章主要从四个不同的方面说明了音乐对人的身心所带来的积极影响。
4．How does music affect preterm babies?
A．It helps reduce their pain.
B．It helps develop their potential in music.
C．It helps improve their hearing systems.
D．It helps repair their neurological system.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的．..music had a beneficial effect on lessening pain for preterm babies experiencing painful medical procedures such as blood tests.可知，音乐可以帮助减轻早产儿的疼痛。
5．What does the underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Lead to. B．Increase.
C．Make for. D．Prevent.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的This means that a 70-year-old musician hears better than a 50-year-old non-musician, even in a noisy environment.可推知，音乐可以帮助人们避免听力的损失。
6．Why can music heal a broken heart?
A．It has a positive effect on human body systems’ work.
B．It can help people prevent diseases caused by anxiety.
C．It helps make a person feel optimistic about life.
D．It can help patients recover in a relaxed way.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions...promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular(心血管的) system.可知，音乐对我们身体系统的运转有积极的作用。
7．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Who can benefit from music.
B．The best time to listen to music.
C．The way to choose quality music.
D．How music affects our mind and body.
D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要从四个不同的方面说明了音乐对人和身心所带来的积极影响。
完形填空
There were a number of times in my life when I just wished that I could remove my hardships with a big eraser. However, as I think of these __1__ times now, I realize that they made me the person who I am today. One moment that always __2__ me happened in 8th grade. One day, I was called to the headmaster’s __3__ by the school secretary. When I arrived, I was faced with the headmaster and my mother, and I felt really __4__．
The headmaster informed us that a mother of one of my old friends had __5__ me to him. She had complained that I had __6__ her son and that he was now too __7__ to come back to school. I was in absolute __8__ and couldn’t believe my ears, __9__ her son and I had been friends for years. We had even never __10__ before. Why, I kept asking myself, would she treat me like this when I had only ever been __11__ to her son?
I felt more and more upset at the meeting. Luckily, my mother continued to __12__ me no matter what. It finally became __13__ that the boy had been causing many problems at our school. In an attempt to __14__ him, his mother tried to cover up his bad behavior by __15__ his friend.
Her son, my old friend, was later asked to __16__ the school and I still do not know where he is. I __17__ I could see him so that we could talk about what had happened. This __18__ was one that I wanted to erase at that time, but __19__， it allowed me to be more friendly and __20__ to those around me, and to appreciate the people in my life.
【解题导语】 作者回忆了学生时代所经历的一件不愉快的事，认识到正是艰难困苦让自己成长为坚强的人。
1．A.surprising B．challenging
C．confusing D．touching
B 解析：当作者回顾这些困难的(challenging)时刻时，意识到正是它们成就了现在的自己。
2．A.satisfied B．surprised
C．bothered D．delighted
C 解析：有一件困扰(bothered)作者的事发生在作者上8年级的时候。
3．A.home B．office
C．school D．class
B 解析：有一天，作者被叫到了校长办公室(office)。
4．A.glad B．excited
C．disappointed D．nervous
D 解析：在校长办公室里面对着校长和自己的母亲，作者感到十分紧张(nervous)。
5．A.reported B．introduced
C．sent D．invited
A 解析：联系下文可知，作者的一位朋友的母亲向校长告发了作者，故选“reported”。
6．A.called B．seen
C．attacked D．cared
C 解析：这位母亲向校长告状说作者攻击了(attacked)她的儿子。
7．A.admired B．scared
C．tired D．worried
B 解析：她的儿子因为受到攻击而害怕来上学，故选“scared”。
8．A.shock B．relief
C．ease D．envy
A 解析：联系后面的couldn’t believe my ears可知，作者听了这番话完全震惊了，故选“shock”。
9．A.so B．or
C．because D．whether
C 解析：作者感到难以置信，因为(because)他和这位母亲的儿子一直是好朋友。
10．A.met B．studied
C．talked D．quarreled
D 解析：根据语境可知，他们甚至从未争吵过(quarreled)。
11．A.cruel B．loyal
C．kind D．mean
C 解析：前文提到作者和这位同学是朋友，自己对他那么好(kind)，所以不明白为什么他的母亲要如此对待自己。
12．A.believe B．welcome
C．punish D．praise
A 解析：幸运的是，作者的母亲还是义无反顾地相信(believe)他。
13．A.funny B．clear
C．lovely D．sad
B 解析：最终事情真相大白：作者的朋友本人在学校惹了很多麻烦。故选“clear”。
14．A.find B．forget
C．change D．protect
D 解析：为了袒护(protect)自己的儿子，这位母亲不惜冤枉他的朋友。
15．A.blaming B．supporting
C．cheating D．respecting
A 解析：这位母亲企图通过指责作者来掩盖儿子的不良行为，故选“blaming”。
16．A.attend B．leave
C．like D．ignore
B 解析：根据后面的I still do not know where he is可知，这位朋友最终被要求离开(leave)学校。
17．A.suggest B．promise
C．wish D．fear
C 解析：作者希望(wish)能见到这位朋友跟他谈谈到底发生了什么。
18．A.mistake B．relationship
C．result D．experience
D 解析：联系文章开头可知，这段经历(experience)是作者一直想抹去的。
19．A.looking away B．looking back
C．looking around D．looking ahead
B 解析：但是回顾过去(looking back)，作者有了新的体会。
20．A.trustful B．politely
C．harmful D．calmly
A 解析：这件事让作者学会对身边的人更加友善和充满信任(trustful)。
课件45张PPT。Unit 3 A healthy lifeneedleprejudicecigarawkwardillegaljudgementembarrassedmalesurvival附录；附件药丸；药片抢劫；盗窃有免疫力的流产；中途失败go on a dietout of breathin spite ofmake up one’s mindtake risks(a risk)get intoin the first placeat riskit isthat makes it really hard to quit smokingso much that your body can no longer fight diseaseIn spite of/Despite the heavy trafficAlthough/Though the traffic was heavyHeavy as the traffic wasathurtingtake risks/a take/run therisk losing risk to lose the good chancerisk of losing the good chancethe good chancegot intogot down togetting away withAfter they survived that nightHaving survived that nightjudgementJudgingto hearembarrassingembarrassmentIt was not untilthat本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Compared to the male, the female(女性) are faced with greater pressure on employment.
2．The shy woman felt embarrassed(尴尬的) when she became the centre of attention.
3．Don’t eat so many sleeping pills(药丸) at a time, because they are harmful to your body.
4．If you continue to do illegal(非法的) things, you will end up in prison sooner or later.
5．The doctor took a risk, but the boy’s survival(幸存) made him very happy.
6．In her judgement(判断), William is not very good at taking charge of the department.
7.It is awkward(局促不安的) to have someone keeping an eye on you while you’re at work.
8．Racial prejudice(偏见) is always a problem that has not been solved all over the world.
选词填空
due to, be addicted to, be accustomed to, decide on, get into, in spite of, feel like, over and over again, give up, take risks
1．I repeated my father’s words over__and__over__again. Then I began to understand what he really meant.
2．The Smiths have lived near the railway for a long time so they’ve been__accustomed____to the noise of the train.
3．There is no limit to what can be achieved due__to the great support we have from our family.
4．Mary is a determined girl. Once she makes up her mind, she never gives__up．
5．The weather in Yunnan is quite agreeable. Have you decided__on going to Yunnan for your holiday this summer?
6．I would like to go to the cinema, while my husband feels__like staying at home watching football matches.
7．John used to be a nice man. But now he is__addicted__to alcohol and often beats his wife.
8．My father once said that nobody could succeed and get rich without taking__risks．
9．In__spite__of the high price, some young people prefer to buy famous brand products.
10．It’s easy to get__into bad habits while it’s difficult to get out of them.
完成句子
1．只要你努力，没有什么能阻止你实现梦想。
As long as you work hard, nothing can prevent__you(from)__realizing__your__dream．
2．只有当他独自一人时，他才会感到孤独和沮丧。
It__was__only when he was alone that he felt lonely and depressed.
3．如果这次事件得不到妥善解决的话，公司的整个前途将会受到威胁。
If the matter is not properly settled, the whole future of the company will__be__at__risk．
4．由于巨大的压力，她觉得对她来说很难适应现在的都市生活。
With great pressure, she__finds__it__hard__for__her to adapt to the present city life.
5．近年来，他一直努力工作，现在有足够的钱买一套漂亮的海边公寓了。
In recent years, he has been working hard all the time and now he is rich enough to buy a beautiful flat at the seaside.
单句语法填空
1．It is illegal(legal) to abuse your power, whatever the reason.
2．Dogs have a very good sense of smell and are often used to search for survivors(survive) in an earthquake.
3．I felt much ashamed(shame) to have made such a stupid mistake once again in my work.
4．I felt embarrassed(embarrass) when my attempt to persuade him to quit smoking failed.
5．It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
6．What I tell my students is to ask more questions rather than be satisfied with a quick judgement(judge)．
7．I’m sorry but smoking is banned(ban) in this shopping mall, so please stop smoking here.
8．Many foreigners have been accustomed to using(use) chopsticks at the dinner table after living in China for a long time.
9．They hurried to catch the train due to__leave(leave) at 4：15 in the afternoon.
10．Would you please turn your radio down a little？I’m tired now and feel like sleeping(sleep)．
阅读理解
A
For This Teen, Dance Teaches the Value of Vulnerability(脆弱)
Daisy Kwok, 18, joined her school’s Hip-Hop Club and discovered her love for dance. Over the years, her shyness has been changed into confidence.
“If a choreography(编舞) is a controlled show, then a freestyle is putting all your emotions and anxieties on the spot. Dance makes me feel like I can fly, but it also translates into my biggest fear：vulnerability.”
Cancer(癌症) Cuts a Childhood Friendship Short, But Lessons Last
When Lucas Tran, 17, first joined the Cub Scouts, he wasn’t too excited about the program. But one day a friend asked him to join in a game, and Tran’s life would change forever.
“He taught me to enjoy life and to stay positive. But most importantly, Andy taught me to enjoy what you have right now because you never truly appreciate it until it’s gone.”
High School Student Goes from Homeless to Hopeful
Jennifer may look like your average high school student, but for two years, she was homeless. She lived with her undocumented parents for two years while they searched for a new home.
“I’m grateful for the family I have. Because no matter what situation we were in, we stayed together anyway.”
Redefining(重新定义) Manhood in Richmond
Young men growing up in Richmond face pressure to hold back their emotions, be violent and hide who they really are. Richmond High School students Frank Mendieta and Brian Higareda interviewed their friends and teachers to explore this “mask” of manhood.
“We have to put an end to gender norms(性别标准) where the man is a tough heartless person, and the woman is a caring person.”
Music Is the Spirit That Moves These Teens from Tonga
High school students, Joe Fifita and Moala Tautuaa, both 18, have been singing and playing music for as long as they can remember. They say it connects them to their Tongan roots, and makes them better people.
“It’s like we define every single note when we’re young, and just build on it as we get older.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章讲述了几名青少年锐意进取、不断成长的故事。
1．What is the best lesson Lucas learnt from his friend?
A．Live in the moment.
B．Try to make changes.
C．Know how to control yourself.
D．Have a good attitude towards life.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据Cancer(癌症) Cuts a Childhood Friendship Short, But Lessons Last部分中的But most importantly, Andy taught me to enjoy what you have right now because you never truly appreciate it until it’s gone.可知，Lucas Tran的朋友告诉他最重要的是要珍惜现在。
2．Why do Frank and Brian talk to their friends and teachers?
A．To ask for help.
B．To study different characteristics.
C．To spread their views on men and women.
D．To figure out how to overcome the pressures of manhood.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据Redefining(重新定义) Manhood in Richmond部分中的Richmond High School students Frank Mendieta and Brian Higareda interviewed their friends and teachers to explore this “mask” of manhood.可知，Frank Mendieta和Brian Higareda采访他们的朋友和老师主要是想知道他们是如何对待或表现男子气概的，结合语境，即该如何克服所谓男子气概带给他们的压力。
3．What do Joe and Moala think of music?
A．It is a tie to their culture.
B．It represents their friendship.
C．It is an unforgettable memory.
D．It seems to be an impossible dream.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据Music Is the Spirit That Moves These Teens from Tonga部分中的They say it connects them to their Tongan roots可知，Joe和Moala认为音乐是连接他们与他们的文化之间的纽带。
B
Music is not just a set of sounds and rhythms. Its influence on the brain is much deeper than any other human experience. Keep on reading to know all those amazing powers of music.
A recent study suggests that preterm(早产的) babies appear to experience less pain and feed more when listening to music. Experts led by Dr.Manoi Kumar of the University of Alberta, Canada analyzed nine clinical trials and found that music had a beneficial effect on lessening pain for preterm babies experiencing painful medical procedures such as blood tests. It also appeared to benefit full-term babies during operations.
Many people experiencing brain damage have speech and movement-related problems. Music can help recover from brain injuries. As an alternative and effective treatment, doctors often recommend such patients to listen to good music to promote the parts of the brain responsible for these two functions. When people with neurological(神经的) disorders caused by a stroke or Parkinson’s disease hear a musical beat, it helps them to regain a balanced walk.
Though music cannot cure deafness, it really can stave__off the loss of hearing. There was an experiment involving 163 people where 74 were musicians. Participants were asked to pass some listening tests. Musicians heard the sounds better than non-musicians, and this difference gets more evident with age. This means that a 70-year-old musician hears better than a 50-year-old non-musician, even in a noisy environment.
Besides, music heals a broken heart. It is not about a cast-off love, but about a heart attack. The matter is that music can help people recover from a heart seizure(心脏病突发) or heart surgery by reducing blood pressure, slowing down the heartbeat rate, and relieving anxiety. Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions, improves circulation, and expands blood vessels, thus, promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular(心血管的)system.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，文章主要从四个不同的方面说明了音乐对人的身心所带来的积极影响。
4．How does music affect preterm babies?
A．It helps reduce their pain.
B．It helps develop their potential in music.
C．It helps improve their hearing systems.
D．It helps repair their neurological system.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的．..music had a beneficial effect on lessening pain for preterm babies experiencing painful medical procedures such as blood tests.可知，音乐可以帮助减轻早产儿的疼痛。
5．What does the underlined phrase “stave off” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Lead to. B．Increase.
C．Make for. D．Prevent.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的This means that a 70-year-old musician hears better than a 50-year-old non-musician, even in a noisy environment.可推知，音乐可以帮助人们避免听力的损失。
6．Why can music heal a broken heart?
A．It has a positive effect on human body systems’ work.
B．It can help people prevent diseases caused by anxiety.
C．It helps make a person feel optimistic about life.
D．It can help patients recover in a relaxed way.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Listening to the quality music produces positive emotions...promoting quick recovery of the whole cardiovascular(心血管的) system.可知，音乐对我们身体系统的运转有积极的作用。
7．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Who can benefit from music.
B．The best time to listen to music.
C．The way to choose quality music.
D．How music affects our mind and body.
D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要从四个不同的方面说明了音乐对人和身心所带来的积极影响。
完形填空
There were a number of times in my life when I just wished that I could remove my hardships with a big eraser. However, as I think of these __1__ times now, I realize that they made me the person who I am today. One moment that always __2__ me happened in 8th grade. One day, I was called to the headmaster’s __3__ by the school secretary. When I arrived, I was faced with the headmaster and my mother, and I felt really __4__．
The headmaster informed us that a mother of one of my old friends had __5__ me to him. She had complained that I had __6__ her son and that he was now too __7__ to come back to school. I was in absolute __8__ and couldn’t believe my ears, __9__ her son and I had been friends for years. We had even never __10__ before. Why, I kept asking myself, would she treat me like this when I had only ever been __11__ to her son?
I felt more and more upset at the meeting. Luckily, my mother continued to __12__ me no matter what. It finally became __13__ that the boy had been causing many problems at our school. In an attempt to __14__ him, his mother tried to cover up his bad behavior by __15__ his friend.
Her son, my old friend, was later asked to __16__ the school and I still do not know where he is. I __17__ I could see him so that we could talk about what had happened. This __18__ was one that I wanted to erase at that time, but __19__， it allowed me to be more friendly and __20__ to those around me, and to appreciate the people in my life.
【解题导语】 作者回忆了学生时代所经历的一件不愉快的事，认识到正是艰难困苦让自己成长为坚强的人。
1．A.surprising B．challenging
C．confusing D．touching
B 解析：当作者回顾这些困难的(challenging)时刻时，意识到正是它们成就了现在的自己。
2．A.satisfied B．surprised
C．bothered D．delighted
C 解析：有一件困扰(bothered)作者的事发生在作者上8年级的时候。
3．A.home B．office
C．school D．class
B 解析：有一天，作者被叫到了校长办公室(office)。
4．A.glad B．excited
C．disappointed D．nervous
D 解析：在校长办公室里面对着校长和自己的母亲，作者感到十分紧张(nervous)。
5．A.reported B．introduced
C．sent D．invited
A 解析：联系下文可知，作者的一位朋友的母亲向校长告发了作者，故选“reported”。
6．A.called B．seen
C．attacked D．cared
C 解析：这位母亲向校长告状说作者攻击了(attacked)她的儿子。
7．A.admired B．scared
C．tired D．worried
B 解析：她的儿子因为受到攻击而害怕来上学，故选“scared”。
8．A.shock B．relief
C．ease D．envy
A 解析：联系后面的couldn’t believe my ears可知，作者听了这番话完全震惊了，故选“shock”。
9．A.so B．or
C．because D．whether
C 解析：作者感到难以置信，因为(because)他和这位母亲的儿子一直是好朋友。
10．A.met B．studied
C．talked D．quarreled
D 解析：根据语境可知，他们甚至从未争吵过(quarreled)。
11．A.cruel B．loyal
C．kind D．mean
C 解析：前文提到作者和这位同学是朋友，自己对他那么好(kind)，所以不明白为什么他的母亲要如此对待自己。
12．A.believe B．welcome
C．punish D．praise
A 解析：幸运的是，作者的母亲还是义无反顾地相信(believe)他。
13．A.funny B．clear
C．lovely D．sad
B 解析：最终事情真相大白：作者的朋友本人在学校惹了很多麻烦。故选“clear”。
14．A.find B．forget
C．change D．protect
D 解析：为了袒护(protect)自己的儿子，这位母亲不惜冤枉他的朋友。
15．A.blaming B．supporting
C．cheating D．respecting
A 解析：这位母亲企图通过指责作者来掩盖儿子的不良行为，故选“blaming”。
16．A.attend B．leave
C．like D．ignore
B 解析：根据后面的I still do not know where he is可知，这位朋友最终被要求离开(leave)学校。
17．A.suggest B．promise
C．wish D．fear
C 解析：作者希望(wish)能见到这位朋友跟他谈谈到底发生了什么。
18．A.mistake B．relationship
C．result D．experience
D 解析：联系文章开头可知，这段经历(experience)是作者一直想抹去的。
19．A.looking away B．looking back
C．looking around D．looking ahead
B 解析：但是回顾过去(looking back)，作者有了新的体会。
20．A.trustful B．politely
C．harmful D．calmly
A 解析：这件事让作者学会对身边的人更加友善和充满信任(trustful)。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
it的用法(Ⅰ)
1．(教材P18)____________ is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.
答案：It
2．(教材P18)____________ seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
答案：It
3．(教材P18)____________ my birthday in two weeks’ time and I’ll be 82 years old!
答案：It’s
4．(教材P18)Believe me, I know how easy ____________ is to begin smoking and how tough ____________ is to stop.
答案：it；it
5．(教材P18)As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do ____________ automatically.
答案：it
6．(教材P18)When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew ____________ was time to quit smoking.
答案：it
it用作人称代词和非人称代词
1．用作人称代词
(1)it用来指代前面的名词或前面提到过的事。
◆My friend offered me a beautiful gift yesterday, and I like it very much.
我朋友昨天给了我一件漂亮的礼物，我非常喜欢它。
(2)指代性别不明的child或baby。
◆His sister has given a birth to a baby recently and it is very beautiful.
他姐姐最近生了个孩子，很漂亮。
(3)指代未出场的身份不明确的人。
◆—Who is waiting for you at the bus stop?
—I have no idea.It may be my brother.
——谁在车站等着你？
——我不知道，可能是我哥哥。
(4)指代前文中的this, that。
◆This is your plan? Will you hand it in?
这是你的计划？你要交上去吗？
2．用作非人称代词
it用作无人称的主语，不指物，而表示时间、天气、气候、季节、距离等自然现象，或指事物的状态。
◆It is neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter in my hometown.
我的家乡夏天不太热冬天也不太冷。(指代天气)
◆It is five kilometers to the town from the village.
从农村到城镇有5公里路。(指代距离)
◆It is 5 o’clock now by my watch.
我的手表现在是5点钟。(指代时间)
【即时演练1】——匹配下面it的用法
A．指代前面的名词
B．指代性别不明的child或baby
C．指代未出场的身份不明确的人
D．指代时间
E．指代距离
①—Who’s that at the door?
—It is the milkman. C
②Qingdao is a beautiful city, isn’t it? A
③The baby is crying. It might be hungry. B
④What a long way it is from Beijing to London! E
⑤It was nearly midnight when she came back. D
it用作形式主语
it常代替由不定式、动词-ing形式或从句表示的真正主语而在句子中作形式主语，而将真正的主语移至句子的后面。
1．代替不定式短语作形式主语
常用于以下句型中：
(1)It＋be＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是事物的特征、特点。常用于此句型的形容词有important, easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
◆It is very important for us to learn how to deal with stress.
学会如何应对压力对我们来说很重要。
◆As far as I’m concerned, it’s necessary to have a good command of English.
就我个人看来，掌握英语是必要的。
(2)It＋be＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。常用于此句型的形容词有kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
◆How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!
放弃这么好的一次机会，你真傻！
◆It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
你让我搭便车回家， 真是太好了。
(3)It＋be＋n.(＋for sb./sth.)＋to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
◆It is good manners for students to greet to their teachers.
学生向老师打招呼是礼貌的行为。
◆It is a shame for us to have lost the game.
我们输了这场比赛，真丢人。
2．代替动名词短语作形式主语
常用于以下句型中：
It’s no use/no good/no fun/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/没有用/浪费时间。
◆It is no use giving him some advice.
＝It is useless giving him some advice.
给他提一些建议是没用的。
◆It is a waste of time doing such useless things.
做这样无用的事情等于浪费时间。
3．代替主语从句作形式主语
It＋be＋n./adj.＋主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange＋that从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，且should可以省略。
◆It is necessary that the work should be done well.
这项工作应该被完美完成是必须的。
◆It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.
我没有早一点考虑它真是遗憾。
4．注意以下固定句型
It seems(ed)/appears(ed) that... 似乎……
It (so) happened that... 碰巧……
It turns(ed) out that... 结果是……
It hit sb. that... 某人突然想起……
It is said/reported/believed/hoped/well-known/suggested... that...
据说/据报道/大家都相信/人人都希望/大家都知道/有人建议……
◆It happened that the tickets were sold out.
碰巧票都卖光了。
◆It hit her that she might adopt a homeless child.
她突然想到她可以收养一个无家可归的孩子。
◆It turns out that the situation is quite serious.
结果表明情况很严重。
【即时演练2】——完成句子
①似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么事情。
It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.
②智能手机确实在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。
It is true that a smartphone plays an important role in our daily life.
③试图用武力解决问题是没用的，和谈才是唯一的办法。
It is no use trying to solve the problem by force. Peace talks are the only solution.
④据说台风已造成了很多的破坏。
It was said that the typhoon had caused a lot of damage.
it用作形式宾语
it常可代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句子中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面。
it作形式宾语常用于以下几种情况：
1．v.＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.)＋to do/that...
◆They considered it important to have a good command of English.
他们认为精通英语很重要。
◆We make it a rule to visit the old every weekend.
我们规定每个周末都去拜访老人。
2．v.＋it＋no good/no use/useless/a waste of time...＋doing...
◆He thought it no use trying to convince them.
他认为企图说服他们没有用。
3．某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it作形式宾语，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)有like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
◆I would appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into consideration.
如果你能考虑我的建议我将感激不尽。
◆I hate it when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk.
我讨厌有人把我桌子上的学习材料弄得乱七八糟。
【即时演练3】——完成句子
①首先，我认为在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。
First of all, I think it very important to make more friends abroad.
②苏珊明确向我表明，她想自己创造新生活。
Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
③如果你能让我提前知道你是否能来，我会很感激的。
I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
④我认为为这只打碎了的花瓶哭泣是没有用的。
I think it no use crying over the broken vase.
⑤我们都想当然地认为米莱能成功。
We all take it for granted that Mile can succeed.
用it结构改写下列句子
1．To understand the meaning of the painting by Picasso takes me quite a long time.(it takes...)
It takes me quite a long time to understand the meaning of the painting by Picasso.
2．What is known to us all is that many young teenagers like to eat fast food.(it is known...)
It is known to us all that many young teenagers like to eat fast food.
3．She is reported to have won several gold medals in the Olympic Games.(it is reported...)
It is reported that she has won several gold medals in the Olympic Games.
4．People believe that we shall make full use of the solar energy some day.(it is believed...)
It is believed that we shall make full use of the solar energy some day.
5．Don’t you think trying to get Betty to change her mind is a waste of time？(it is...)
Don’t you think it is a waste of time trying to get Betty to change her mind?
单句改错
1．What I am trying to do is to make this easier for you to understand the problem.
this→it
2．I wanted a bike and I was so glad that my parents bought it for me on my birthday.
it→one
3．Bill’s mother kept telling him not to stay up too late, but she didn’t help.
she→it
4．Tim, if you miss this chance, which may be years before you get another one.
which→it
5．They are good friends. There is no wonder that they know each other so well.
There→It
6．Jack, I would appreciate you very much if you could meet me at the airport at 8 pm.
第一个you→it
7．Believe or not, the four-year-old girl knows two thousand words.
or前加it
8．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using one every day.
one→it
语法与写作
1．我认为每天大声朗读半小时英语很有必要。
I think it necessary to read English for half an hour every day.
2．那位老人非常固执，你跟他争论是没有用的。
The old man is very stubborn. It is no use arguing with him.
3．作为教师，我们认为教育孩子们做好公民是我们的职责。
As teachers, we believe that it is our duty to educate our children to be good citizens.
4．卡尔，你什么时候方便和我一起去科学博物馆？
Carl, when would it be convenient for you to go to the Science Museum with me?
5．要不是热心邻居们的帮忙，我们是克服不了这些困难的。
If it were not for the help from our kind neighbors, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
6．那天丹尼尔来访时我碰巧不在家。
It happened that I had been away from home when Daniel called on me that day.
7．只要你努力工作，想在这个城市谋生就不难。
As long as you work hard, it won’t be difficult to make a living in this city.
8．我哥哥放弃那份待遇优厚的工作真遗憾。
It was a great pity that my elder brother gave up the well-paid job.
单句语法填空
1．It is a long way to go to Nanjing from Beijing.
2．My cellphone is nowhere to be seen.Did you see it last night?
3．It is clear that some young people today are addicted to playing mobile phones.
4．When it was my turn to make a speech, I got a little bit nervous at first, but soon I calmed down.
5．It is easy for kids to__recite(recite) the simple English poems.
6．Don’t take it for granted that others should do something for you.
7．It is no pleasure working (work) with Johnson. He is too stubborn.
8．Playing video games makes it difficult for Jack to concentrate on his studies.
9．It was a great pity that the German football team left the World Cup so early.
10．After the flood, it will be half a year before the city returns to normal.
阅读理解
The thought of standing on stage and talking to a crowded auditorium(听众席) might make you want to escape to the corner.But public speaking can be one of the most useful tools for self-promotion(自我提升), giving you confidence as an expert.
However, the skills involved in public speaking are just as valuable off-stage.It’s a key part of how to communicate as a creative.So what are the golden rules of presenting your work？How can you blow the minds of your audience—or at least keep them interested for 45 minutes？And what if it all goes wrong?
1．Have a story and an opinion
“There’s no replacement for having a great story to tell—and telling it well，”says Tony Brook, co-founder of top design studio Spin.Audiences increasingly expect a reward—something “extra” for their time.
2．Share the lows as well as the highs
“The worst talks I’ve seen are the ones that are just self-promotion，”agrees New York City-based artist Jon Burgerman.He’s been invited to speak at events around the world.“If we, the audience, wanted to just see your achievements we’d go on your website.I want to learn what I haven’t already known about your work and life process.”
“Tell me about the failures，mistakes, and ups and downs.I guess the big rule is: Don’t be boring.”
3．Put the audience first
This is perhaps the most basic golden rule—but it’s often the easiest to forget. Who are your audience？What are their expectations？Are you focusing on these?
4．Put your talk into a cultural context(语境)
Remember also that humor can be hard to translate.“The biggest difference for me is the culture that I’ll experience in a certain part of the world.A lot of our work plays with culturally learned expectations, visually(视觉地) and logically, so there are certain projects I wouldn’t present，”says designer Jan Wilker.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了公众演讲的四个技巧。
1．What is the author’s view about public speaking?
A．It is easy to deal with.
B．It requires experts’ guidance.
C．It is a chance to know more people.
D．It involves strong communication skills.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的It’s a key part of how to communicate as a creative.可知，作者认为公众演讲需要很强的交流技巧。
2．How can speakers keep the audience interested?
A．By sharing their achievements with the audience.
B．By making mistakes on purpose while speaking.
C．By providing their website information.
D．By including a story in the speech.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一条建议中的There’s no replacement for having a great story to tell—and telling it well 可知答案。
3．Which is the most basic rule for public speaking?
A．Giving audiences some rewards.
B．Keeping the audience in mind.
C．Asking some questions.
D．Trying to be confident.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三条建议Put the audience first与This is perhaps the most basic golden rule可知，公众演讲最根本的规则是“以观众为中心”。
4．What does Wilker think of cultural context in speech?
A．It will be a difficulty for speakers.
B．It needs a sense of humor.
C．It plays an important part.
D．It should be avoided.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据末段中的A lot of our work plays with culturally learned expectations，visually(视觉地) and logically可知，Wilker认为文化语境在演讲中有着很重要的作用。
七选五
Everyone experiences unhappy times on occasion, but there is a big difference between experiencing a short time of sadness and living an unhappy life.Here are some of the things that lead to an unhappy life and how to deal with them.
Only being a dreamer
Dream your dream, but also realize that you are more than just a dreamer.1.________ But to achieve it, you must break out of your present comfort zone and become comfortable with the unfamiliar.
Continuous self doubt
Don’t spend all your time saying，“I’m not smart enough，thin enough or rich enough.” 2.________
Obsession (迷恋) with control
Learn to let go of control, relax and ride the path that life takes you.Try something new, take a chance, but above all, smile and enjoy the scenery.
Setting unrealistic expectations
You’re going to make mistakes every now and then.You’re a human being.3.________ But making them is also how you grow.
A bad attitude
Optimism is the most important human characteristic, because it allows you to improve yourself.
Slacking(松懈) on exercise
4．________The truth is you don’t have time not to, or sooner or later you’ll be making time for illness.
Overindulgence(过分放纵) of a good thing
Eating too much makes you fat.5.________Playing too much leaves important work undone and so on.
A．One should work hard to get more knowledge.
B．You should try to avoid making mistakes of course.
C．Your dream is your creative goal for your future life.
D．Working too much leaves your family at home missing you.
E．Actually you can be what you want if you take positive steps.
F．If you say you haven’t time to exercise, you’re lying to yourself.
G．People always put too much interest in trying to control everything in their life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章列举了不快乐的人的七种习惯，拥有这些习惯的人通常会长期过着不快乐的生活。
1．C 解析：该段首句谈到Dream，所以接下来的一句也应该是谈论这一话题，故C项符合语境。
2．E 解析：该段上句谈到不要浪费时间怀疑自己不够完美，E项“付诸行动就会成为自己想成为的人”，承接上句，提出建议。
3．B 解析：根据该段前两句You’re going to make mistakes every now and then. You’re a human being.可知，作者认为人会时不时地犯错，再结合下句But making them is also how you grow.可知，作者认为那是人成长的方式，故B项符合语境。
4．F 解析：根据该段小标题Slacking(松懈) on exercise可知，该段在谈论锻炼问题，再联系下句The truth is you don’t have time not to, or sooner or later you’ll be making time for illness.可知，作者认为如果不锻炼，人迟早会有时间生病，故F项符合语境。
5．D 解析：根据上句Eating too much makes you fat.与下句Playing too much leaves important work undone and soon.可知，设空处也是谈论过度沉迷某件事的后果，故D项符合此处语境。
语法填空
1．It is well known to us all that learning English is very important.But do you think 2.it difficult to learn？And how do you learn English？This week we asked some students from Hongxing Middle School about the best ways to learn English.Here 3.is what Li Mei said.
“Last year, 4.it wasn’t easy for me to understand what my English teacher said though she spoke slowly to make every word understood.Later，I knew 5.it didn’t matter .At the same time, I was also afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at me.I couldn’t always make a complete sentence，either.Afterwards I realized 6.it was no use escaping the difficulties. Then I started to watch English TV programs. 7.It helped me a lot. As I see 8.it,__doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner.Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.So I decided to take grammar notes in every class.Then I started to write my own original sentences using the grammar I was learning.It was amazing 9.that I made great progress.Believe 10.it or not, now I’m enjoying learning English and I got an A this term.My English teacher is very satisfied.”
短文改错
One day, I saw a notice in big letters, which were about a free study tour to London.Though everyone in your school could apply, but only four winners could get the chance.First，we had to write a paper concerning the influence of television on children.Ten students would go on to a next level.I had never written a paper before so I was very surprised to finding my paper was chose！Second comes a written examination and interview.I didn’t find them difficultly because I’d been learning English for years.A month later, I burst into tear of joy when I was provided the chance.
答案：
One day, I saw a notice in big letters, which about a free study tour to London.Though everyone in school could apply, only four winners could get the chance.First，we had to write a paper concerning the influence of television on children.Ten students would go on to next level.I had never written a paper before so I was very surprised to my paper was ！Second a written examination and interview.I didn’t find them because I’d been learning English for years.A month later, I burst into of joy when I was provided the chance.
课件35张PPT。Unit 3 A healthy lifeCA B E D It seems thatIt is true thatIt is no use tryingIt was said thatthink it very important to make more friendsmade it clear to me thatI’d appreciate it ifthink it no use cryingtake it for granted thatIt takes me quite a long time to understand the meaning of the painting by Picasso.It is known to us all that many young teenagers like to eat fast food.It is reported that she has won several gold medals in the It is believed that we shall make full use of the solar energy Olympic Games.some day.Don’t you think it is a waste of time trying to get Betty to change her mind?it necessary toIt is no useit is our duty toit be convenient for youit wereIt happened thatit won’t be difficult toIt was a great pity that本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．It is a long way to go to Nanjing from Beijing.
2．My cellphone is nowhere to be seen.Did you see it last night?
3．It is clear that some young people today are addicted to playing mobile phones.
4．When it was my turn to make a speech, I got a little bit nervous at first, but soon I calmed down.
5．It is easy for kids to__recite(recite) the simple English poems.
6．Don’t take it for granted that others should do something for you.
7．It is no pleasure working (work) with Johnson. He is too stubborn.
8．Playing video games makes it difficult for Jack to concentrate on his studies.
9．It was a great pity that the German football team left the World Cup so early.
10．After the flood, it will be half a year before the city returns to normal.
阅读理解
The thought of standing on stage and talking to a crowded auditorium(听众席) might make you want to escape to the corner.But public speaking can be one of the most useful tools for self-promotion(自我提升), giving you confidence as an expert.
However, the skills involved in public speaking are just as valuable off-stage.It’s a key part of how to communicate as a creative.So what are the golden rules of presenting your work？How can you blow the minds of your audience—or at least keep them interested for 45 minutes？And what if it all goes wrong?
1．Have a story and an opinion
“There’s no replacement for having a great story to tell—and telling it well，”says Tony Brook, co-founder of top design studio Spin.Audiences increasingly expect a reward—something “extra” for their time.
2．Share the lows as well as the highs
“The worst talks I’ve seen are the ones that are just self-promotion，”agrees New York City-based artist Jon Burgerman.He’s been invited to speak at events around the world.“If we, the audience, wanted to just see your achievements we’d go on your website.I want to learn what I haven’t already known about your work and life process.”
“Tell me about the failures，mistakes, and ups and downs.I guess the big rule is: Don’t be boring.”
3．Put the audience first
This is perhaps the most basic golden rule—but it’s often the easiest to forget. Who are your audience？What are their expectations？Are you focusing on these?
4．Put your talk into a cultural context(语境)
Remember also that humor can be hard to translate.“The biggest difference for me is the culture that I’ll experience in a certain part of the world.A lot of our work plays with culturally learned expectations, visually(视觉地) and logically, so there are certain projects I wouldn’t present，”says designer Jan Wilker.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了公众演讲的四个技巧。
1．What is the author’s view about public speaking?
A．It is easy to deal with.
B．It requires experts’ guidance.
C．It is a chance to know more people.
D．It involves strong communication skills.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的It’s a key part of how to communicate as a creative.可知，作者认为公众演讲需要很强的交流技巧。
2．How can speakers keep the audience interested?
A．By sharing their achievements with the audience.
B．By making mistakes on purpose while speaking.
C．By providing their website information.
D．By including a story in the speech.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一条建议中的There’s no replacement for having a great story to tell—and telling it well 可知答案。
3．Which is the most basic rule for public speaking?
A．Giving audiences some rewards.
B．Keeping the audience in mind.
C．Asking some questions.
D．Trying to be confident.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三条建议Put the audience first与This is perhaps the most basic golden rule可知，公众演讲最根本的规则是“以观众为中心”。
4．What does Wilker think of cultural context in speech?
A．It will be a difficulty for speakers.
B．It needs a sense of humor.
C．It plays an important part.
D．It should be avoided.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据末段中的A lot of our work plays with culturally learned expectations，visually(视觉地) and logically可知，Wilker认为文化语境在演讲中有着很重要的作用。
七选五
Everyone experiences unhappy times on occasion, but there is a big difference between experiencing a short time of sadness and living an unhappy life.Here are some of the things that lead to an unhappy life and how to deal with them.
Only being a dreamer
Dream your dream, but also realize that you are more than just a dreamer.1.________ But to achieve it, you must break out of your present comfort zone and become comfortable with the unfamiliar.
Continuous self doubt
Don’t spend all your time saying，“I’m not smart enough，thin enough or rich enough.” 2.________
Obsession (迷恋) with control
Learn to let go of control, relax and ride the path that life takes you.Try something new, take a chance, but above all, smile and enjoy the scenery.
Setting unrealistic expectations
You’re going to make mistakes every now and then.You’re a human being.3.________ But making them is also how you grow.
A bad attitude
Optimism is the most important human characteristic, because it allows you to improve yourself.
Slacking(松懈) on exercise
4．________The truth is you don’t have time not to, or sooner or later you’ll be making time for illness.
Overindulgence(过分放纵) of a good thing
Eating too much makes you fat.5.________Playing too much leaves important work undone and so on.
A．One should work hard to get more knowledge.
B．You should try to avoid making mistakes of course.
C．Your dream is your creative goal for your future life.
D．Working too much leaves your family at home missing you.
E．Actually you can be what you want if you take positive steps.
F．If you say you haven’t time to exercise, you’re lying to yourself.
G．People always put too much interest in trying to control everything in their life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章列举了不快乐的人的七种习惯，拥有这些习惯的人通常会长期过着不快乐的生活。
1．C 解析：该段首句谈到Dream，所以接下来的一句也应该是谈论这一话题，故C项符合语境。
2．E 解析：该段上句谈到不要浪费时间怀疑自己不够完美，E项“付诸行动就会成为自己想成为的人”，承接上句，提出建议。
3．B 解析：根据该段前两句You’re going to make mistakes every now and then. You’re a human being.可知，作者认为人会时不时地犯错，再结合下句But making them is also how you grow.可知，作者认为那是人成长的方式，故B项符合语境。
4．F 解析：根据该段小标题Slacking(松懈) on exercise可知，该段在谈论锻炼问题，再联系下句The truth is you don’t have time not to, or sooner or later you’ll be making time for illness.可知，作者认为如果不锻炼，人迟早会有时间生病，故F项符合语境。
5．D 解析：根据上句Eating too much makes you fat.与下句Playing too much leaves important work undone and soon.可知，设空处也是谈论过度沉迷某件事的后果，故D项符合此处语境。
语法填空
1．It is well known to us all that learning English is very important.But do you think 2.it difficult to learn？And how do you learn English？This week we asked some students from Hongxing Middle School about the best ways to learn English.Here 3.is what Li Mei said.
“Last year, 4.it wasn’t easy for me to understand what my English teacher said though she spoke slowly to make every word understood.Later，I knew 5.it didn’t matter .At the same time, I was also afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at me.I couldn’t always make a complete sentence，either.Afterwards I realized 6.it was no use escaping the difficulties. Then I started to watch English TV programs. 7.It helped me a lot. As I see 8.it,__doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner.Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.So I decided to take grammar notes in every class.Then I started to write my own original sentences using the grammar I was learning.It was amazing 9.that I made great progress.Believe 10.it or not, now I’m enjoying learning English and I got an A this term.My English teacher is very satisfied.”
短文改错
One day, I saw a notice in big letters, which were about a free study tour to London.Though everyone in your school could apply, but only four winners could get the chance.First，we had to write a paper concerning the influence of television on children.Ten students would go on to a next level.I had never written a paper before so I was very surprised to finding my paper was chose！Second comes a written examination and interview.I didn’t find them difficultly because I’d been learning English for years.A month later, I burst into tear of joy when I was provided the chance.
答案：
One day, I saw a notice in big letters, which about a free study tour to London.Though everyone in school could apply, only four winners could get the chance.First，we had to write a paper concerning the influence of television on children.Ten students would go on to next level.I had never written a paper before so I was very surprised to my paper was ！Second a written examination and interview.I didn’t find them because I’d been learning English for years.A month later, I burst into of joy when I was provided the chance.
Section Ⅴ Writing
建议信
文体感知
建议信是向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告的一种文体。写信时要写明写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由，提出的理由要合情合理，语气一定要委婉和缓。
增分佳句
1．Living a low-carbon life is a good way to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
过低碳生活是减少温室气体排放的一种好方法。
2．We shall turn on the lights only when it is necessary.
只有在必要时，我们才会开灯。
3．We shall keep the refrigerator and air conditioners working in the low-carbon mode to save energy.
为了节省能源，我们应让冰箱和空调以低碳模式运转。
4．The bus or bicycle will be my first choice.
公交车或自行车将是我的首选。
写作模板
Dear ________，
I’m glad/sorry to know that you ask me for some advice on ________. (引出问题) Here are some useful tips.
First, it is very important to ________. Then, it also helps to ________. Besides, it should be a good idea to ________. You can also ________. (此处用不同句式提出建议) Only in this way can you do it better.(倒装句提升句式)
As to ________， I suggest ________ (有时根据需要具体到某一方面). In addition, ________ (其他建议). I’m sure ________ (预测可能的结果，给对方以行动的信心)．
I hope you will find my advice helpful. __________ (祈使句), and you will be ________ (好的结果)．
Best wishes!
Yours，
________
写作要求
假设你是李华，请根据以下要点写一封信，建议全校同学过低碳生活(live a low-carbon life)。
1．陈述理由：为什么要过低碳生活？(环境质量日益恶化等)
2．如何过低碳生活？提出至少三条建议。(必要时才开灯；让电器按节能方式运转；骑自行车；限制使用塑料袋；垃圾分类等)
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．日益恶化 go from bad to worse
2．过低碳生活 live a low-carbon life
3．一种做……的好方法 a good way to do...
4．执行 carry out
5．开灯 turn on the lights
6．让……运转 keep...working
7．节省能源 save energy
8．是某人的首选 be one’s first choice
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①过低碳生活是减少温室气体排放的一种好方法。
Living a low-carbon life is a good way to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.
②我将用以下几种方法执行我的计划。
I shall carry out my plan in the following ways.
③只有在必要时，我才会开灯。
I shall turn on the lights only when it is necessary.
④为了节省能源，我将让冰箱和空调以低碳模式运转。
I shall keep the refrigerator and air conditioners working in the low-carbon mode to save energy.
⑤公交车或自行车将是我的首选。
The bus or bicycle will be my first choice．
⑥当我购物时，我将限制使用塑料袋。
When I am shopping, I will limit the use of plastic bags.
⑦只要有可能，我将把垃圾分成非循环类和循环类。
Whenever it is possible，I will separate my rubbish into non-recyclable and recyclable waste.
2．句式升级
⑧用as引导的原因状语从句连接①②。
As living a low-carbon life is a good way to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases , I shall carry out my plan in the following ways.
⑨用并列连词and连接③④。
I shall turn on the lights only when necessary and keep the refrigerator and air conditioners working in the low-carbon mode to save energy．
⑩用not only...but also...连接⑥⑦。
Not only will I limit the use of plastic bags when I am shopping, but also I will separate my rubbish into non-recyclable and recyclable waste whenever it is possible.
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
Dear class，
With the environmental pollution going from bad to worse, I sincerely suggest to all that we should live a low-carbon life today.
As living a low-carbon life is a good way to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, I shall carry out my plan in the following ways. To begin with, I shall turn on the lights only when necessary and keep the refrigerator and air conditioners working in the low-carbon mode to save energy. Additionally, the bus or bicycle will be my first choice. Last but not least, not only will I limit the use of plastic bags when I am shopping, but also I will separate my rubbish into non-recyclable and recyclable waste whenever it is possible.
I hope that more and more schoolmates will join in the activity.
英语已经成为一门国际化的语言，但很多同学都反映，提高听力是他们的一大难题。假如你的听力很好，请根据你的经验写一篇短文，给同学们提一些建议。内容包括：
1．尽可能多听，听得越多，学英语就越容易；
2．要养成听的习惯，但每次时间不必太久，每天半小时左右即可；
3．选择有趣并且不太难的材料听，如中国国际广播电台或BBC英语节目；
4．选择发音清晰、语速不太快的磁带，逐渐提高难度。
词数：100左右。
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One possible version：
With the development of the world, English has become an international language used among people from different countries. But how to improve our listening skill is a big problem to us Chinese students. Here is some advice which I hope may be useful for you.
First, listen as much as you can. The more you listen, the easier it will be. But don’t listen too long each time. Half an hour a day is enough.
Choose something easy and interesting as listening material. You can get some tapes in which English is spoken clearly and not too fast. Then you can move on to some more difficult tapes in normal speed.
Finally, turn to China Radio International and BBC English programmes. They will help you a lot to improve your listening.
Just keep on listening and you will find your way out.
课件21张PPT。Unit 3 A healthy lifego from bad to worselive a low-carbon lifea good way to do...carry outturn on the lightskeep...workingsave energybe one’s first choicea good way to reduce emissionscarry out my planturn on the lightskeep the refrigerator and air conditioners workingwill be my first choiceWhen I am shoppingWhenever it is possibleAs living a low-carbon life is a good way to reduce emissions of greenhouse gasesand keep the Not only will I limit the use of plastic bagsbut also I will separate my rubbish intorefrigerator and air conditioners working in the low-carbon mode to save energy本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.stress n．压力；重音 vt.加压力于；使紧张
①I’d like to take the opportunity to stress(stress) the importance of education.
②Lily has been under great stress since her mother’s illness.
2.addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
①Tom’s parents are worried that he is addicted to the computer games which are addictive to children.(addict)
②Addicted(addict) to surfing the Internet, he had no idea to go over his lessons.
3.accustom vt.使习惯于
①He would never accustom himself to drinking(drink) nothing but coca cola.
②You must accustom yourself(you) to the new environment.
4.mental adj.精神的；智力的
①This is a hospital for those people who suffer mental(mentally) diseases.
②Secondly, you may develop the habit of smoking and become mentally(mental) addicted to it.
5.effect n．结果；效力；影响
①While online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects (effect) have been positive.
②As we all know, smoking has a bad effect on our health.
6.disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
①She was disappointed(disappoint) to find that they had already left.
②When hearing the disappointing news that he was banned from driving, the old man was very disappointed．(disappoint)
③To my parents’disappointment, the news that I failed in the exam disappointed my parents, and their disappointed look urged me to study harder then.(disappoint)
7.ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
①You should be ashamed of your shameful behaviors or you will be a shameless man.(shame)
②She was ashamed(shame) of her fat body so she decided on going on a diet.
8.embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的
① It embarrassed(embarrass) him that he had no idea of what was going on.
②You shouldn’t have played a joke on Tom in public. Didn’t you notice he was very embarrassed(embarrass)？
③There was a long embarrassing(embarrass) silence between Peter and Susan after their quarrel.
9.judgement n．看法；判决；判断
①Due to lack of experience, James made a wrong judgement(judge), causing a great loss.
②Judging(judge) from his look, the boss thought highly of your suggestion.
10.relaxation n．放松；松弛
①After hearing some relaxing music, she felt quite relaxed, and there was a relaxed expression on her face.(relax)
②I think it necessary to combine study with relaxation(relax).
续 表
阅读词汇排查练
1.cigarette n． 香烟；纸烟
2.alcohol n. 酒；酒精
3.alcoholic adj. 酒精的
4.fitness n. 健康
5.obesity n. (过度)肥胖；肥胖症
6.withdrawal n. 收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程
7.bad-tempered adj. 脾气暴躁的；易怒的
8.pregnant adj. 怀孕的
9.chemist n. 药剂师；化学家
10.abnormal adj. 畸形的；异常的
11.comprehension n． 理解(力)
12.appendix n. 附录；附件
13.pill n. 药丸；药片
14.robbery n. 抢劫；盗窃
15.immune adj. 有免疫力的
16.abortion n. 流产；中途失败
17.prejudice n. 偏见；成见
18.awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
19.adolescent n. 青少年
adj. 青春期的
20.adolescence n. 青春期
重点短语
会书写
会应用
1.due to 由于……
2.addicted to 对……有瘾
3.accustomed to 习惯于……
4.decide on 对……作出决定
5.feel like (doing) 想要(做)……
6.in spite of 不顾；不管
7.take risks/a risk 冒险
8.get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
9.at risk 处境危险；遭受危险
10.manage to do sth. 设法完成某事
11.have an effect on 对……有影响
12.throw away 扔掉
1.If you keep on ignoring the teacher’s advice, you will get into a situation where you fall behind others.
2.According to the survey, many females are addicted to shopping online.
3.Lydia doesn’t feel like going abroad. Her parents are old and she wants to take care of them.
4.I am accustomed to getting up early and taking an hour’s walk before breakfast.
5.People who had survived these kinds of circumstances decided to carry on in spite of the hardships.
6.In the morning, due to getting up late, some students have to go to school hurriedly without having breakfast.
重点句型
1．as＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.＋as...和……一样……
他跟班上其他的任何一个学生一样，是个勤奋的学生。
He is as hard-working a student as anyone else in his class.
2．every time意为“每次”，引导时间状语从句
我每次遇见他，他总是面带微笑。
Every time I meet him, he always wears a smile.
3．it was time to do sth.是该做某事的时间了
妈妈说是该洗手吃午饭的时间了。
Mum said it was time to wash hands and have lunch.
4．find it＋adj.＋to do sth.发现做某事很……
我们发现很有必要努力工作来实现我们的梦想。
We find it necessary to work hard to achieve our dream.
5．It is＋被强调部分＋that/who...强调句型
是他所表达的意思而不是他所说的话惹恼了我。
It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.
单元语法
1．New technologies have made it easier to enjoy life than ever before.
2．You may depend on it that they will look after your daughter when you are away.
3．I would appreciate it very much if you could give me some suggestions.
4．It is__known(know) to us that he is one of the most famous football players in the world.
5．I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．青少年时期，马克出于好奇，开始吸烟。(adolescence)
2．后来，他一有空就想吸烟。(feel like)
3．过了一段时间，他的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。(accustom)
4．他染上了吸烟的坏习惯。(get into)
5．他吸烟成瘾了，没有考虑到吸烟对身体的不好影响。(addicted；effect)
6．后来，他觉得该戒烟了。(it is time to...)
7．尽管他很努力，但都无法戒烟。(in spite of；quit)
8．幸运的是，最后由于妻子的帮助，马克成功地戒了烟。(due to)
9．现在他再也不想冒险吸烟了。(take risks)
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One possible version：
During adolescence, Mark began to smoke out of curiosity and later, he felt like smoking when free.After a while, his body became accustomed to nicotine in the cigarettes.As a matter of fact, he got into the bad habit of smoking and was addicted to smoking, not thinking about the bad effects it has on his health.Later, he felt it was time for him to give up smoking, but in spite of all his efforts, he couldn’t quit smoking.Luckily, at last, Mark successfully gave up smoking due to his wife’s help.Now he doesn’t want to take risks to smoke any more.
课件19张PPT。Unit 3 A healthy lifeto stressunderaddictedaddictiveAddicteddrinkingyourselfmentalmentallyeffects ondisappointeddisappointingdisappointeddisappointmentdisappointeddisappointedashamedshamefulshamelessashamedembarrassedembarrassedembarrassingjudgementJudgingrelaxingrelaxedrelaxedrelaxation香烟；纸烟酒；酒精酒精的健康 (过度)肥胖；肥胖症收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程脾气暴躁的；易怒的怀孕的药剂师；化学家畸形的；异常的理解(力)附录；附件药丸；药片抢劫；盗窃有免疫力的流产；中途失败偏见；成见局促不安的；笨拙的青少年青春期的青春期due toaddicted toaccustomed todecide onfeel like (doing)in spite oftake risks/a riskget intoat riskmanage to do sth.have an effect onthrow away get intoare addicted tofeel likeam accustomed toin spite ofdue toas hard-working a student as Every time I meet himit was time to wash handsfind it necessary to work hardIt was what he meant rather than what he said that itthatif is knownit本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
