高中英语人教版版选修6 Unit 4　Global warming（课件+学案+同步练习）（共16份打包）

美国人每天要扔掉5亿根塑料吸管。这些吸管或被填埋，或污染着海滩，或漂进海里，它们甚至进入了海洋动物的身体里。很多组织和个人一直在为减少塑料吸管的使用而不懈努力着。
Restaurants Find Ways to Replace Plastic
Straws(塑料吸管)
A plastic straw seems like a small thing.But it can do a lot of damage.Americans use up to 500 million of these straws each day.Then they throw them away.They fill landfills(垃圾填埋场)．They litter beaches.They float into streams and oceans.Straws can also hurt wildlife.They have been found in the stomachs of dead ocean animals.
Groups formed to let people know about the problem.Now Walt Disney World has banned straws from its parks.In Britain，Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ has banned them from her house.Cities are passing laws limiting their use.But people still love straws.
Jose Andres owns restaurants in Washington，D.C.He has seen what the straws can do in the ocean and on beaches.He has tried to trade plastic straws for paper ones.
But his diners got angry.“They didn’t like the paper straws，” he said.Workers wanted to quit because they were not getting tips.
Now he gives out plastic straws.But diners have to ask for them first.Only 5 percent do, he said.
He also has used other types of straws.Some of his drinks come with straws made of wood or metal(金属)．One straw is even made from a piece of fennel，a plant used in cooking.
Nations near the ocean were some of the first to change their straws.They include Thailand and Costa Rica.
Emma Iacono is one of the owners of a scenic spot in Costa Rica.She said it stopped using plastic straws two years ago.
“There is so much plastic being washed up on our beaches that we knew we had to do something，”she said.
Now such scenic spots use straws made of wood，paper, or bamboo.
Some places are making different kinds of straws.Harlem Public is a bar in New York City.It offers straws made from Twizzlers，a red candy.Diners sip(小口地喝) their drinks through them.Most people then eat the candy.
Section Ⅰ　Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.random adj.　　　　胡乱的；任意的
2.subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅
vt. 签署(文件)；捐助
3.fuel n. 燃料
4.data n. 资料；数据
5.mild adj.　　　　　　温和的；温柔的；淡的
6.range n. 种类；范围
7.glance vi. 看一下；扫视
n. 一瞥
拓展词汇
8.consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer n．消费者→consumption n．消费
9.phenomenon n．现象→phenomena(pl.)
10.oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的
11.consequence n．结果；后果；影响→consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的→consequently adv.结果
12.steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily adv.平稳地；持续地
13.quantity n．量；数量→quality n．质量
14.state vt.陈述；说明→statement n．声明；阐述
15.tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.照顾；护理→tendency n．倾向；趋势
阅读词汇
16.renewable adj.　　　　能再生的；可更新的
17.graph n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图
18.catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫
19.drought n．　　　　　旱灾；干旱
20.famine n. 饥荒
21.environmental adj. 环境的
22.environmentalist n. 环境保护论者
重点短语
1.subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购
2.come about 发生；造成
3.quantities of 大量的
4.go up 上升；增长；升起
5.result in　　　　　　　导致
6.even if 即使
7.keep on 继续
8.compare to/with... 与……相比
重点句型
1.状语从句的省略
That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes(当与其他自然变化比较时).
2.There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer(毫无疑问，地球正在变暖) (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
3.It is＋被强调部分＋that/who...强调句型
They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide(导致了二氧化碳的增加).
4.even if意为“即使”，引导让步状语从句
Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide(即使我们开始减少二氧化碳的含量) and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
Fast-reading
Scan the text and then do the following exercises.
1．The main idea of the passage is ________．
A．carbon dioxide　　　　　 B．water vapour
C．gases in the atmosphere D．the warming of the earth
答案：D
2．Match the main idea of each part.
Part 1(Para.1)　　　 A．It’s up to readers to think and decide whether people should do
something about global warming or not.
Part 2(Paras. 2－5) B．List two different attitudes among scientists towards global
warming.
Part 3(Para. 6) C．Illustrate how global warming
comes about.
Part 4(Para. 7) D．Introduce a debate over the issue of global warming.
答案：DCBA
Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Who found out the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997?
A．Dr Janice Foster.　　　　 B．Charles Keeling.
C．George Hambley. D．Sophie Armstrong.
2．What may be the bad effects of global warming according to the passage?
A．There may be a rise of several metres in the sea level.
B．There may be severe storms, floods, droughts, famines or the spread of diseases.
C．There may be the disappearance of species.
D．All of the above.
3．Which of the statements is TRUE?
A．Natural gas is a greenhouse gas.
B．Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of burning fossil fuels.
C．We are sure of the effects of global warming now.
D．Dr Janice Foster believes that global warming will do good rather than harm to the earth.
4．This article is from ________．
A．an environmental magazine
B．a diary
C．a novel
D．a story
答案：1－4.BDBA
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
本句是一个复合句。that引导一个________；causing the global temperature to go up为现在分词短语作________。　
[翻译]　这意味着更多的热量易于被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。
答案：宾语从句；结果状语
2．On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that any trend in which the temperature increases by 5 degrees would lead to a catastrophe.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句是Dr Foster thinks；that引导宾语从句。
③宾语从句中包含一个由in which引导的________从句，修饰________。　
[翻译]　一方面，福斯特博士认为任何气温升高5度的趋势都可能导致一场大灾难。
答案：定语；trend
3．On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句是there are those; who引导定语从句，修饰________且在从句中作主语；like George Hambley在句中作________。
③在定语从句中，and连接两个并列的谓语are opposed to和believe；believe后跟that引导的________从句。　
[翻译]　另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。
答案：those；插入语；宾语
①Fahrenheit['f?r?nhaIt]adj.华氏的n.华氏温度计
②compared to与……相比
③come about发生；造成，为不及物动词短语
④Sophie['s??fI]索菲(女名)
⑤Armstrong['ɑ?mstr??]阿姆斯特朗(姓)
⑥graph[ɡrɑ?f]n.图表；坐标图；曲线图
⑦random['r?nd?m]adj.胡乱的；任意的
⑧phenomenon[fI'n?mIn?n；US f?'nɑ?m?nɑ?n](复数-ena[-In?；-?n?]) n．现象
⑨subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购
subscribe[s?b'skraIb]vi.同意；捐赠；
订阅vt.签署(文件)；捐助
fossil['f?s?l]n.化石；从地下采掘出来的(矿物)
?fuel['fju??l]n.燃料
?byproduct['baI?pr?d?kt]n.副产品
?Janice['d??nIs]贾尼丝(女名)
?Foster['f?st?]福斯特(姓或男名)
?methane['mi?θeIn]n.甲烷；沼气
?warm vt.(使)变暖
?Celsius['selsI?s]adj.(温度)摄氏的
?quantities of大量的
quantity['kw?nt?tI]n.量；数量
?tend[tend]vi.趋向；易于；照顾vt.
照顾；护理
?go up上升；增长；升起
Charles Keeling['ki?lI?]查尔斯·基林
measurement['me??m?nt]n.衡量；测量；尺寸
make/take measurements作测量
take sb.’s measurement给某人量尺寸
the amount of...……的数量
per[p??]prep.每；每一
data['deIt?，'dɑ?t?]n.资料；数据
a mass of data大量资料
data bank数据库；资料库
result in导致
result in后跟结果，而result from后跟原因
on the one hand一方面
trend[trend]n.趋势；倾向；走向
catastrophe[k?'t?str?fI]n.大灾难；浩劫
flood[fl?d]n.洪水；水灾
drought[dra?t]n.旱灾；干旱
famine['f?mIn]n.饥荒
George Hambley['h?mblI]乔治·汉布利
be opposed to反对……
opposed[?'p??zd]adj.反对的；对立的
oppose[?'p??z]vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
mild[maIld]adj.温和的；温柔的；淡的
environmental[In?vaIr?n'mentl]
adj.环境的
consequence['k?nsIkw?ns；
US -kwens]n.结果；后果；影响
state[steIt]vt.陈述；说明
range[reInd?]n.种类；范围
build up增加；逐步建立；增进
even if “即使”，引导让步状语从句
keep on继续
THE EARTH IS BECOMING WARMER—
BUT DOES IT MATTER?
During the 20th century the temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit①. That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to② other natural changes. So how has this come about③ and does it matter? Earth Care’s Sophie④ Armstrong⑤ explores these questions.
◆when compared to...是“when＋过去分词”结构，也可看作时间状语从句的省略，补充完整为when it is compared to...。
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph⑥ 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random⑦ but natural phenomenon⑧.
All scientists subscribe to⑨ the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to the burning of fossilB10 fuels? like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. Some byproducts? of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. Dr Janice? Foster? explains: “There is a natural phenomenon that scientists call the ‘greenhouse effect’. This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane? and water vapour, trap heat from the sun and therefore warm? the earth. Without the ‘greenhouse effect’， the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius? cooler than it is. So, we need those gases. The problem begins when we add huge quantities of? extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It means that more heat energy tends? to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up?.”
◆that the increase...是that引导的同位语从句。
◆此处为“代词＋of＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句。
◆that scientists call...是that引导的定语从句。
◆此处是when引导的表语从句。
◆此处是without引导的含蓄条件句。
We know that the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years. It was a scientist called Charles Keeling who made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997. He found that between these years the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere went up from around 315 parts to around 370 parts per million (see Graph 2)．
All scientists accept this data.They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide. So how high will the temperature increase go? Dr Janice Foster says that over the next 100 years the amount of warming could be as low as 1 to 1.5 degrees Celsius, but it could be as high as 5 degrees.
However, the attitudes of scientists towards this rise are completely different. On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that any trend in which the temperature increases by 5 degrees would lead to a catastrophe. She says, “We can’t predict the climate well enough to know what to expect, but it could be very serious.” Others who agree with her think there may be a rise of several metres in the sea level, or predict severe storms, floods, droughts, famines, the spread of diseases and the disappearance of species. On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air. They predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences. In fact, Hambley states, “More carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing. It will make plants grow quicker; crops will produce more; it will encourage a greater range of animals—all of which will make life for human beings better.”
◆what to expect为“疑问词＋不定式”结构，在句中作know的宾语。
Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere. Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries. No one knows the effects of global warming. Does that mean we should do nothing? Or，are the risks too great？
地球在变暖——但是这会
带来什么影响吗？
在20世纪期间，地球温度大约上升了1华氏度。这个数值对你我来说很可能是无所谓的，但是当与其他自然变化比较时，这却是一种快速的增长。那么，这种温度的增长是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响吗？“关爱地球”组织的索菲·阿姆斯特朗就在探究这些问题。
毫无疑问，地球正在变暖(见曲线图一)，而全球变暖是由人类活动引起的，并非一种随意的自然现象。
所有的科学家都赞同这种观点：人们为了取得能量而燃烧化石燃料(如煤、天然气和石油)，从而引起了地球温度的升高。这个过程(燃烧化石燃料)的一些副产品就叫作“温室”气体，其中最重要的就是二氧化碳。贾尼丝·福斯特博士解释说：“有一种科学家称之为‘温室效应’的自然现象。这种现象就是大气层中少量的气体(如二氧化碳、甲烷、水蒸气等)吸收太阳的热量，因而使地球变暖。如果没有这种‘温室效应’，地球的温度将比现在的温度还要低33摄氏度左右。因此，我们需要那些气体。当我们向空气中排放大量额外的二氧化碳时，问题就来了。这意味着更多的热量易于被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。”
我们知道，在过去100－150年期间，二氧化碳的含量急剧增加了。有一位名叫查尔斯·基林的科学家曾经把1957－1997年期间大气层中二氧化碳的含量作了精确的统计。他发现，在这些年里，大气层中的二氧化碳含量从大约315/1 000 000上升到大约370/1 000 000(见曲线图二)。
所有科学家都接受这个数据。他们还赞同下述观点：正是燃烧越来越多的化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。那么气温会升到多高？贾尼丝·福斯特博士说，在今后的100年里，全球变暖的量可能低到1－1.5摄氏度，但是也有可能高达5摄氏度。
然而，科学家们在对待升温的态度上却是大不相同的。一方面，福斯特博士认为任何气温升高5度的趋势都可能导致一场大灾难。她说：“对于未来的气候，我们不可能作出精确的预测，但是那时的天气可能是很糟糕的。”同意她的观点的其他科学家认为，全球变暖会导致海平面上升好几米；也有人预言会出现严重的风暴、洪涝、干旱、饥荒、疾病的传播和物种的灭绝。另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。他们预测任何变暖的情况不会很严重，对环境的影响也不会太坏。汉布利实际上是这样说的：“二氧化碳含量的增加实际上是件好事，它会使植物生长更快，庄稼产量更高，还会促进动物种类的增多——所有这些都能改善人类的生活。”
温室气体继续在大气层中增加。即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。没有人知道全球变暖会带来什么样的影响。这是不是意味着我们就不必采取任何措施呢？还是说，这样不采取任何措施危险性会很大呢？
阅读理解
A
Looking to give your family an experience to remember？Then put a dolphin encounter(相遇) at the top of your list.
Discovery Cove：Orlando，FL
For dolphin-loving families on a trip to Orlando，a visit to Discovery Cove is a must.The“Trainer for a Day”program lets you follow an expert and learn all about dolphin behavior and communication.The most interesting part is a 30-minute dolphin interaction(互动)，where two dolphins push you along the water.The package includes a period of private photo time with two dolphins.
Dolphin Quest：Hawaii & Bermuda
With branches in Bermuda，Hawaii’s Big Island and Oahu，this dolphin experience offers activities to everyone in the family.“Family, Fins and Fun” is a 15-minute pint-sized dolphin encounter designed for parents and kids at the age of 4 and under.Older kids at the age of 12 and up can join in the “Trainer for a Week” program to spend one-on-one time with experienced trainers and help dolphins with morning health exams and feeding.
Dolphin Cay：Bahamas
At the 14-acre marine habitat inside Atlantis Resort，kids of all ages can enjoy shallow-water interactions with dolphins and sea lions, while older kids at the age of 10 and up can get a special training time with sea mammal specialists in the “Top Trainer for a Day” program.
Dolphin Research Center：Marathon，FL
This non-profit education place in Marathon offers the well-regarded “Researcher for a Day” program，which lets you join a dolphin research team and help with dolphin studies.Little kids will love “Dolphin Dip”，a fun interactive program where they can greet dolphins with flipper(脚蹼) shakes and learn to give dolphins signals.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个适合家人一起亲近海豚及了解海豚的游泳场地。
1．Which of the following can be the first choice of families loving photography?
A．Discovery Cove.　　　　 B．Dolphin Quest.
C．Dolphin Cay. D．Dolphin Research Center.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据Discovery Cove：Orlando，FL部分的The package includes a period of private photo time with two dolphins.可知，Discovery Cove提供专门的照相时间，因此是喜欢拍照的家庭的首选。
2．What do “Trainer for a Day” and “Family，Fins and Fun” have in common?
A．Children at the age of 12 and up can join in them.
B．Dolphins of the two programs are of the same size.
C．Visitors can help dolphins with morning health exams.
D．The contact with dolphins takes a small amount of time.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据Discovery Cove：Orlando，FL部分的a 30-minute dolphin interaction(互动)及Dolphin Quest：Hawaii&Bermuda部分的a 15-minute pint-sized dolphin encounter可知，这两个活动的共同点在于：与海豚的互动时间短。
3．Which program’s service most probably costs the least?
A．Top Trainer for a Day.
B．Researcher for a Day.
C．Trainer for a Week.
D．Trainer for a Day.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据Dolphin Research Center：Marathon，FL部分的This non-profit education place in Marathon offers the well-regarded “Researcher for a Day” program...可推知Dolphin Research Center属于非营利性质，故B项应该是性价比最高的。
B
On July 10－12, 2017, a huge iceberg(冰山) named A-68 broke free from Antarctica’s Larsen C Ice Shelf. The crack(裂痕) that led to the separation was observable in 1963. However, the crack remained inactive for decades before suddenly spreading northwards and widening by 18 miles between 2011 and 2015 and then an additional 13 miles in 2016.
Iceberg separation is not a natural part of a glacier’s(冰川) life cycle but a result of global warming. However, the separation of A-68 is receiving a lot of attention due to its size. Measuring 5，800 square kilometers, the A-68 has reduced the Larsen C Ice Shelf area by more than 12%.
“The interesting thing is what happens next, how the remaining ice shelf responds，” said Kelly Brunt, who has studied the effects of the warming climate on the Larsen C Ice Shelf since 2015. “Many people may ask, ‘Will the ice shelf weaken? Or will it fall down, like its neighbors Larsen A and B? Will the glaciers behind the ice shelf speed up and have a direct contribution to sea level rise？’ I think answers may be not that terrible.”
Ice shelves, which border 75% of the Antarctic Peninsula, form from snow that became ice thousands of years ago. They are found where glaciers meet the ocean and the weather is cold enough to keep the ice frozen. The icy structures are natural barriers against the water melting from glaciers, which can lead to rising sea levels.
The Larsen Ice Shelf once consists of four parts: Larsen A (the smallest), Larsen B, Larsen C (the largest) and Larsen D. While scientists will continue to monitor A-68 and its parent, many believe it’ll take several years before Larsen C breaks down further.“The remaining 90% of the ice shelf continues to be held in place by two points，” said Chris Shuman, a glaciologist. “So I just don’t see any signs that this event will lead to the falling down of the Larsen C Ice Shelf. But we will be watching closely for signs of further changes.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。一座被命名为A-68的巨大冰山于7月10日至12日之间从拉森C冰架断裂。这一事件引起了广泛关注。
4．Why did A-68 iceberg separation become a heated topic?
A．Its effect was terrible.
B．It was about global warming.
C．Its size was very huge.
D．It means a glacier’s life cycle.
C　解析：细节理解题。从第一段的On July 10－12, 2017, a huge iceberg(冰山) named A-68...和第二段的However, the separation of A-68 is receiving a lot of attention due to its size.可知，冰山A-68脱离拉森C冰架，它的面积之大引起了广泛关注。
5．What is Kelly Brunt’s attitude towards the A-68 iceberg separation?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful.
C．Uninterested. D．Worried.
A　解析：观点态度题。从第三段Kelly Brunt所说的I think answers may be not that terrible.可知，她对于冰山A-68脱离拉森C冰架这一现象持乐观的态度。
6．Why are icy structures so important according to Paragraph 4?
A．They help keep the weather cool.
B．They help control the sea levels.
C．They make water turn into the glaciers.
D．They are necessary for scientists’ research.
B　解析：细节理解题。从第四段的The icy structures are natural barriers against the water melting from glaciers, which can lead to rising sea levels.可知，这些冰川非常重要，因为它们可以控制海平面的上升。
7．Chris Shuman thought that the A-68 iceberg separation would ________.
A．influence the wildlife there
B．never change the icy structures
C．cause many further changes
D．have little influence on Larsen C Ice Shelf
D　解析：推理判断题。从Chris Shuman所说的话可知，他认为冰山A-68脱离拉森C冰架并不会带来什么影响。
完形填空
Xiuhtezcatl Martinez isn’t a typical 16-year-old. First, there’s his Aztec 1 ，which is hard to pronounce. Then there’s his long hair, which has never been cut.
But what’s most 2 about Xiuhtezcatl is not his name or how he looks. It’s how he 3 his time. While most teens are 4 with sports, friends, and YouTube, Xiuhtezcatl is working to 5 the planet.
“I call myself a warrior(勇士) for the Earth，” he says.
He points out that climate change is a huge and 6 problem.
Xiuhtezcatl began looking for solutions when he was just a little kid. His older sisters and brothers ran a(n) 7 group called Earth Guardians, which was started by their mom. First he sneaked(偷偷溜进) into their meetings to listen. Soon he was traveling around the country and the world. His 8 ？ To educate and inspire people to 9 the fight against climate change.
Today, Xiuhtezcatl runs Earth Guardians. The group 10 with thousands of kids around the globe. He speaks to students in classrooms about 11 they can take to help the planet. And he writes and performs hip-hop songs about the environment.
Xiuhtezcatl 12 that if many people adjust their habits, we can 13 the causes of climate change.
“There are so many ways to 14 in your own life，” he says.“ 15 changes can have a huge influence. Turn off the water and lights. Use less plastic. 16 your own food.”
He 17 his message on TV, online, and through his music. And he gives speeches to world leaders and presidential candidates, asking them to use their 18 to stop climate change.
“Climate change sounds scary，” Xiuhtezcatl says, “ 19 it’s possible to defeat it. We can 20 the Earth, the air, the water, and the atmosphere so my generation will live on a safe and healthy planet.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位与众不同的十六岁男孩——地球保护勇士Xiuhtezcatl Martinez。
1．A.word B．name
C．opinion D．accent
B　解析：由下文中的about Xiuhtezcatl is not his name or how he looks可知，Xiuhtezcatl Martinez的“名字(name)”来自于(墨西哥)阿兹特克语，很难发音。
2．A.popular B．interesting
C．unusual D．mysterious
C　解析：由上文中的Xiuhtezcatl Martinez isn’t a typical 16-year-old.和下文介绍他致力于环境保护可知，令Xiuhtezcatl与其他十六岁男孩“与众不同的(unusual)”既不是他的名字也不是他的外表，而是他如何“消磨(spends)”他的时光。
3．A.keeps B．sets
C．spends D．values
C　解析：参见上题解析。
4．A.busy B．bored
C．careful D．angry
A　解析：由下文中的I call myself a warrior(勇士) for the Earth可知，当大多数青少年“忙(busy)”于参加体育运动、交友、上视频网站的时候，Xiuhtezcatl正致力于“挽救(save)”地球。
5．A.design B．save
C．control D．record
B　解析：参见上题解析。
6．A.strange B．unavoidable
C．frightening D．short-term
C　解析：由下文中的Climate change sounds scary可知，他认为气候变化是一个巨大且“令人害怕的(frightening)”问题。
7．A.charitable B．cultural
C．political D．environmental
D　解析：由下文提到的fight against climate change和Xiuhtezcatl runs Earth Guardians...to help the planet.可知，Earth Guardians是一个“与环境有关的(environmental)”组织。
8．A.view B．goal
C．secret D．standard
B　解析：由下文介绍Xiuhtezcatl在环保方面所做出的努力可知，他环游世界的“目标(goal)”是教育并启迪人们“加入(join)”到应对气候变化的活动中来。
9．A.feel B．join
C．stop D．watch
B　解析：参见上题解析。
10．A.travels B．lives
C．talks D．works
D　解析：由下文中的He speaks to students in classrooms可知，环保组织Earth Guardians与全球的孩子们共同“工作(works)”。
11．A.orders B．steps
C．rules D．roles
B　解析：作为环保组织Earth Guardians的管理者，Xiuhtezcatl要在课堂上给学生们讲解采取什么“措施(steps)”来保护地球。
12．A.doubts B．admits
C．believes D．remembers
C　解析：由下文Xiuhtezcatl列举改变自我习惯的办法Turn off the water and lights...your own food.可知，作为一个保护地球的勇士，Xiuhtezcatl“相信(believes)”如果大家能调整自己的习惯，我们就能够“减少(reduce)”导致气候变化发生的原因。
13．A.show B．report
C．reduce D．discover
C　解析：参见上题解析。
14．A.give way B．stand out
C．make mistakes D．take action
D　解析：下文介绍的Turn off the water and lights... your own food.都是生活中我们为减少气候变化的发生可以“采取的行动(take action)”。
15．A.Rapid B．Small
C．Global D．Seasonal
B　解析：关掉水电、尽量少使用塑料和自己“种植(Grow)”食物都是一些“小的(Small)”却能起到巨大影响的改变。
16．A.Choose B．Buy
C．Grow D．Eat
C　解析：参见上题解析。
17．A.leaves B．shares
C．receives D．forms
B　解析：Xiuhtezcatl不仅通过课堂来传播他的保护地球环境的理念，还会通过电视、网络、歌曲来“分享(shares)”他的环保主张。
18．A.money B．power
C．time D．courage
B　解析：由上文中的world leaders and presidential candidates可知，Xiuhtezcatl希望世界领导人和总统候选人可以利用他们的“影响力(power)”来阻止气候变化。
19．A.and B．or
C．so D．but
D　解析：“气候变化听上去可怕”与“它有可能被扼制”之间是转折关系，故用but。
20．A.change B．follow
C．protect D．respect
C　解析：由下文中的my generation will live on a safe and healthy planet可知，只有“保护(protect)”好地球、空气、水以及大气层，“我们”这代人才能在一个安全又健康的星球上生活。
课件50张PPT。Unit 4　Global warmingUnit 4　Global warmingUnit 4　Global warmingUnit 4　Global warmingUnit 4　Global warmingUnit 4　Global warmingUnit 4　Global warmingrandomsubscribefueldatamildrange glanceconsumephenomenonopposeconsequencesteadyquantity state tend能再生的；可更新的图表；坐标图；曲线图大灾难；浩劫旱灾；干旱饥荒环境的环境保护论者subscribe tocome aboutquantities ofgo upresult ineven if keep oncompare to/with...when compared to other natural changesThere is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmerthat has resulted in this increase in carbon Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxidedioxide本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
阅读理解
A
Looking to give your family an experience to remember？Then put a dolphin encounter(相遇) at the top of your list.
Discovery Cove：Orlando，FL
For dolphin-loving families on a trip to Orlando，a visit to Discovery Cove is a must.The“Trainer for a Day”program lets you follow an expert and learn all about dolphin behavior and communication.The most interesting part is a 30-minute dolphin interaction(互动)，where two dolphins push you along the water.The package includes a period of private photo time with two dolphins.
Dolphin Quest：Hawaii & Bermuda
With branches in Bermuda，Hawaii’s Big Island and Oahu，this dolphin experience offers activities to everyone in the family.“Family, Fins and Fun” is a 15-minute pint-sized dolphin encounter designed for parents and kids at the age of 4 and under.Older kids at the age of 12 and up can join in the “Trainer for a Week” program to spend one-on-one time with experienced trainers and help dolphins with morning health exams and feeding.
Dolphin Cay：Bahamas
At the 14-acre marine habitat inside Atlantis Resort，kids of all ages can enjoy shallow-water interactions with dolphins and sea lions, while older kids at the age of 10 and up can get a special training time with sea mammal specialists in the “Top Trainer for a Day” program.
Dolphin Research Center：Marathon，FL
This non-profit education place in Marathon offers the well-regarded “Researcher for a Day” program，which lets you join a dolphin research team and help with dolphin studies.Little kids will love “Dolphin Dip”，a fun interactive program where they can greet dolphins with flipper(脚蹼) shakes and learn to give dolphins signals.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个适合家人一起亲近海豚及了解海豚的游泳场地。
1．Which of the following can be the first choice of families loving photography?
A．Discovery Cove.　　　　 B．Dolphin Quest.
C．Dolphin Cay. D．Dolphin Research Center.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据Discovery Cove：Orlando，FL部分的The package includes a period of private photo time with two dolphins.可知，Discovery Cove提供专门的照相时间，因此是喜欢拍照的家庭的首选。
2．What do “Trainer for a Day” and “Family，Fins and Fun” have in common?
A．Children at the age of 12 and up can join in them.
B．Dolphins of the two programs are of the same size.
C．Visitors can help dolphins with morning health exams.
D．The contact with dolphins takes a small amount of time.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据Discovery Cove：Orlando，FL部分的a 30-minute dolphin interaction(互动)及Dolphin Quest：Hawaii&Bermuda部分的a 15-minute pint-sized dolphin encounter可知，这两个活动的共同点在于：与海豚的互动时间短。
3．Which program’s service most probably costs the least?
A．Top Trainer for a Day.
B．Researcher for a Day.
C．Trainer for a Week.
D．Trainer for a Day.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据Dolphin Research Center：Marathon，FL部分的This non-profit education place in Marathon offers the well-regarded “Researcher for a Day” program...可推知Dolphin Research Center属于非营利性质，故B项应该是性价比最高的。
B
On July 10－12, 2017, a huge iceberg(冰山) named A-68 broke free from Antarctica’s Larsen C Ice Shelf. The crack(裂痕) that led to the separation was observable in 1963. However, the crack remained inactive for decades before suddenly spreading northwards and widening by 18 miles between 2011 and 2015 and then an additional 13 miles in 2016.
Iceberg separation is not a natural part of a glacier’s(冰川) life cycle but a result of global warming. However, the separation of A-68 is receiving a lot of attention due to its size. Measuring 5，800 square kilometers, the A-68 has reduced the Larsen C Ice Shelf area by more than 12%.
“The interesting thing is what happens next, how the remaining ice shelf responds，” said Kelly Brunt, who has studied the effects of the warming climate on the Larsen C Ice Shelf since 2015. “Many people may ask, ‘Will the ice shelf weaken? Or will it fall down, like its neighbors Larsen A and B? Will the glaciers behind the ice shelf speed up and have a direct contribution to sea level rise？’ I think answers may be not that terrible.”
Ice shelves, which border 75% of the Antarctic Peninsula, form from snow that became ice thousands of years ago. They are found where glaciers meet the ocean and the weather is cold enough to keep the ice frozen. The icy structures are natural barriers against the water melting from glaciers, which can lead to rising sea levels.
The Larsen Ice Shelf once consists of four parts: Larsen A (the smallest), Larsen B, Larsen C (the largest) and Larsen D. While scientists will continue to monitor A-68 and its parent, many believe it’ll take several years before Larsen C breaks down further.“The remaining 90% of the ice shelf continues to be held in place by two points，” said Chris Shuman, a glaciologist. “So I just don’t see any signs that this event will lead to the falling down of the Larsen C Ice Shelf. But we will be watching closely for signs of further changes.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。一座被命名为A-68的巨大冰山于7月10日至12日之间从拉森C冰架断裂。这一事件引起了广泛关注。
4．Why did A-68 iceberg separation become a heated topic?
A．Its effect was terrible.
B．It was about global warming.
C．Its size was very huge.
D．It means a glacier’s life cycle.
C　解析：细节理解题。从第一段的On July 10－12, 2017, a huge iceberg(冰山) named A-68...和第二段的However, the separation of A-68 is receiving a lot of attention due to its size.可知，冰山A-68脱离拉森C冰架，它的面积之大引起了广泛关注。
5．What is Kelly Brunt’s attitude towards the A-68 iceberg separation?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful.
C．Uninterested. D．Worried.
A　解析：观点态度题。从第三段Kelly Brunt所说的I think answers may be not that terrible.可知，她对于冰山A-68脱离拉森C冰架这一现象持乐观的态度。
6．Why are icy structures so important according to Paragraph 4?
A．They help keep the weather cool.
B．They help control the sea levels.
C．They make water turn into the glaciers.
D．They are necessary for scientists’ research.
B　解析：细节理解题。从第四段的The icy structures are natural barriers against the water melting from glaciers, which can lead to rising sea levels.可知，这些冰川非常重要，因为它们可以控制海平面的上升。
7．Chris Shuman thought that the A-68 iceberg separation would ________.
A．influence the wildlife there
B．never change the icy structures
C．cause many further changes
D．have little influence on Larsen C Ice Shelf
D　解析：推理判断题。从Chris Shuman所说的话可知，他认为冰山A-68脱离拉森C冰架并不会带来什么影响。
完形填空
Xiuhtezcatl Martinez isn’t a typical 16-year-old. First, there’s his Aztec 1 ，which is hard to pronounce. Then there’s his long hair, which has never been cut.
But what’s most 2 about Xiuhtezcatl is not his name or how he looks. It’s how he 3 his time. While most teens are 4 with sports, friends, and YouTube, Xiuhtezcatl is working to 5 the planet.
“I call myself a warrior(勇士) for the Earth，” he says.
He points out that climate change is a huge and 6 problem.
Xiuhtezcatl began looking for solutions when he was just a little kid. His older sisters and brothers ran a(n) 7 group called Earth Guardians, which was started by their mom. First he sneaked(偷偷溜进) into their meetings to listen. Soon he was traveling around the country and the world. His 8 ？ To educate and inspire people to 9 the fight against climate change.
Today, Xiuhtezcatl runs Earth Guardians. The group 10 with thousands of kids around the globe. He speaks to students in classrooms about 11 they can take to help the planet. And he writes and performs hip-hop songs about the environment.
Xiuhtezcatl 12 that if many people adjust their habits, we can 13 the causes of climate change.
“There are so many ways to 14 in your own life，” he says.“ 15 changes can have a huge influence. Turn off the water and lights. Use less plastic. 16 your own food.”
He 17 his message on TV, online, and through his music. And he gives speeches to world leaders and presidential candidates, asking them to use their 18 to stop climate change.
“Climate change sounds scary，” Xiuhtezcatl says, “ 19 it’s possible to defeat it. We can 20 the Earth, the air, the water, and the atmosphere so my generation will live on a safe and healthy planet.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位与众不同的十六岁男孩——地球保护勇士Xiuhtezcatl Martinez。
1．A.word B．name
C．opinion D．accent
B　解析：由下文中的about Xiuhtezcatl is not his name or how he looks可知，Xiuhtezcatl Martinez的“名字(name)”来自于(墨西哥)阿兹特克语，很难发音。
2．A.popular B．interesting
C．unusual D．mysterious
C　解析：由上文中的Xiuhtezcatl Martinez isn’t a typical 16-year-old.和下文介绍他致力于环境保护可知，令Xiuhtezcatl与其他十六岁男孩“与众不同的(unusual)”既不是他的名字也不是他的外表，而是他如何“消磨(spends)”他的时光。
3．A.keeps B．sets
C．spends D．values
C　解析：参见上题解析。
4．A.busy B．bored
C．careful D．angry
A　解析：由下文中的I call myself a warrior(勇士) for the Earth可知，当大多数青少年“忙(busy)”于参加体育运动、交友、上视频网站的时候，Xiuhtezcatl正致力于“挽救(save)”地球。
5．A.design B．save
C．control D．record
B　解析：参见上题解析。
6．A.strange B．unavoidable
C．frightening D．short-term
C　解析：由下文中的Climate change sounds scary可知，他认为气候变化是一个巨大且“令人害怕的(frightening)”问题。
7．A.charitable B．cultural
C．political D．environmental
D　解析：由下文提到的fight against climate change和Xiuhtezcatl runs Earth Guardians...to help the planet.可知，Earth Guardians是一个“与环境有关的(environmental)”组织。
8．A.view B．goal
C．secret D．standard
B　解析：由下文介绍Xiuhtezcatl在环保方面所做出的努力可知，他环游世界的“目标(goal)”是教育并启迪人们“加入(join)”到应对气候变化的活动中来。
9．A.feel B．join
C．stop D．watch
B　解析：参见上题解析。
10．A.travels B．lives
C．talks D．works
D　解析：由下文中的He speaks to students in classrooms可知，环保组织Earth Guardians与全球的孩子们共同“工作(works)”。
11．A.orders B．steps
C．rules D．roles
B　解析：作为环保组织Earth Guardians的管理者，Xiuhtezcatl要在课堂上给学生们讲解采取什么“措施(steps)”来保护地球。
12．A.doubts B．admits
C．believes D．remembers
C　解析：由下文Xiuhtezcatl列举改变自我习惯的办法Turn off the water and lights...your own food.可知，作为一个保护地球的勇士，Xiuhtezcatl“相信(believes)”如果大家能调整自己的习惯，我们就能够“减少(reduce)”导致气候变化发生的原因。
13．A.show B．report
C．reduce D．discover
C　解析：参见上题解析。
14．A.give way B．stand out
C．make mistakes D．take action
D　解析：下文介绍的Turn off the water and lights... your own food.都是生活中我们为减少气候变化的发生可以“采取的行动(take action)”。
15．A.Rapid B．Small
C．Global D．Seasonal
B　解析：关掉水电、尽量少使用塑料和自己“种植(Grow)”食物都是一些“小的(Small)”却能起到巨大影响的改变。
16．A.Choose B．Buy
C．Grow D．Eat
C　解析：参见上题解析。
17．A.leaves B．shares
C．receives D．forms
B　解析：Xiuhtezcatl不仅通过课堂来传播他的保护地球环境的理念，还会通过电视、网络、歌曲来“分享(shares)”他的环保主张。
18．A.money B．power
C．time D．courage
B　解析：由上文中的world leaders and presidential candidates可知，Xiuhtezcatl希望世界领导人和总统候选人可以利用他们的“影响力(power)”来阻止气候变化。
19．A.and B．or
C．so D．but
D　解析：“气候变化听上去可怕”与“它有可能被扼制”之间是转折关系，故用but。
20．A.change B．follow
C．protect D．respect
C　解析：由下文中的my generation will live on a safe and healthy planet可知，只有“保护(protect)”好地球、空气、水以及大气层，“我们”这代人才能在一个安全又健康的星球上生活。
Section Ⅱ　Warming Up & Reading—Language Points

(教材P26)So how has this come about and does it matter?
那么，这是怎么产生的呢？会产生什么影响吗？
how does it come about that... ……是怎么发生的
come across 偶然碰到；无意中发现
come out　　　　　　　　　 出版；出现；显露；结果是
come up 走近；发生；开始；上升；发芽；被提出
come up with 提出；提供；赶上
①How did it come about that the adolescent quitted school suddenly？　这个青少年突然退学是怎么回事？
②I don’t know how racial prejudice came about?
我不知道种族歧视是怎么发生的？
[即学即练]——用come的相关短语填空
①We are still wondering how it came about that the experiment ended in failure.
②I’d love to go with you, but something unexpected has come up．
③I came across your necklace when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.
④We have been asked to come up with a good suggestion to solve the tough problem.
subscribe　vi.同意；捐赠；订阅
vt.签署(文件)；捐助
(经典例句)As far as I’m concerned, I don’t subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.
就我个人而言，我不支持残疾人不适宜做教师的观点。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中subscribe的含义
①In spite of some shortcomings, I still subscribe to their plan.
同意
②I was unwilling to subscribe to the contract, but it seemed that I had no choice.
签署(文件)
③My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep the pace of advances in science.
订阅
④He subscribes a large amount of money to the Hope Project every year.
捐助
quantity　n．量；数量；数目，数额
(经典例句)Before the exam，I spent a large quantity of time in preparing for it.Otherwise，I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam.
考试前，我花了大量时间来准备它。否则，我不可能成功通过考试。
(1)a large quantity of 　　　　　　 大量的
quantities of＋ 许多的，大量的
in quantity 大量的
(2)quality n. 质量
As far as I’m concerned, it is quality rather than quantity that really counts.
就我个人而言，重要的是质量而不是数量。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Large/Huge quantities of chemists are needed(need) in the hospital.
②Quantities(quantity) of food and tents were sent to earthquake-stricken areas from Shandong.
③With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are(be) being washed away each year.
[链接写作]——完成句子
④由于破坏了森林，在过去几年里， 大量的沙漠覆盖了陆地。
As a result of destroying the forests, a large quantity of desert has covered the land in the last few years.
“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
tend　vi.趋向；易于；照顾　vt.照顾，护理
(教材P26)It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.
这意味着更多的热量易于被困在大气层中，从而引起全球的气温上升。
(1)tend to do sth.　　　　　 倾向于做某事
tend to sb. 照顾某人，照料某人
(2)tendency n. 趋向，倾向(常与to/ towards连用)
a tendency to/towards ……的倾向
①Some parents tend to do everything for their children.
有些父母为了孩子做一切事情。
②People in adolescence tend to be addicted to computer games.
人们在青少年时期容易沉迷于电脑游戏。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Janet tends to get(get) angry if you disagree with her.
②There is a growing tendency(tend) for people to work at home instead of in offices.
③Buried with routine office tasks, she had no time to tend to her children.
result in　导致
(教材P26)They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他们还赞同下述观点：正是燃烧越来越多的化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。
(1)result from　　　　　　 由……产生
(2)as a result 因此；结果
as a result of 作为……的结果；
由于……的结果
①As a matter of fact, his carelessness resulted in his failure.
＝As a matter of fact, his failure resulted from his carelessness.
事实上，他的粗心大意导致了失败。
②I often turn to my classmates or teachers for help.As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.
我经常向同学或老师求助，因此我在学习上不断进步。
[链接写作]——一句多译
因为有越来越多的污染，很多物种正在灭绝。(result)
①There is more and more pollution.As a result，many species are dying out.
②As a result of more and more pollution，many species are dying out.
③More and more pollution has resulted in many species’ dying out.
④That many species are dying out results from more and more pollution.
oppose　vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
(经典例句)Honestly speaking，I strongly oppose the proposal put forward at the meeting.
说实话，我强烈地反对在会议上提出的建议。
(1)oppose doing sth.　　　　　 反对做某事
(2)opposed adj. 反对的；对立的
be opposed to doing sth. 反对做某事
①With a lot of people opposing it, the government had to put off the new proposal.
因为许多人都反对这项新的提议，政府不得不推迟它。
②Most company bosses say they are opposed to employees working overtime.
大多数公司老板说，他们反对雇员加班。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①However, many students and parents oppose separating(separate) students into science and art.
②She was strongly opposed(oppose) to the idea of going abroad.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)The senior students are strongly against being treated unfairly by others.
(高级表达)The senior students are strongly opposed to being treated unfairly by others.
consequence　n．[C]结果；后果；影响
(经典例句)The rise in global temperature will result in serious consequences.　全球气温上升将会导致严重的后果。
(1)as a consequence/result　　 因此；结果
as a consequence/result of 因为……的缘故
take the consequences 承担后果
(2)consequent adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的
(3)consequently adv. 结果
①As a consequence of flood, people suffered a lot of losses.
由于洪水，人们受到了很大的损失。
②If you behave so foolishly, you must be ready to take the consequences.
如果你如此愚蠢行事，那你就必须准备承担后果。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①As a consequence(consequent), they can’t concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class.
②Consequently(consequent), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture.
[链接写作]——一句多译
昨天的比赛因下雨而取消了。
③It rained yesterday, and as a result/consequence, the match was cancelled.
④The match was cancelled as a result/consequence of the rain yesterday.
state　vt.陈述，说明　n．[常用单数]情况；状态
(经典例句)He stated that he had been bad-tempered, so he was ashamed of his behaviour.
他说他脾气不好，因此为自己的行为感到羞愧。
(1)state that...　　　　　　 陈述说……
(2)in a(n)...state 处于……的状态
keep up a good state of mind
保持良好的心态
(3)statement n. 说明；说法；声明；报告
①It is clearly stated in his report that he is opposed to our plan.　他的报告中陈述得很清楚，他反对我们的计划。
②By the time she got home, she was in a terrible state.
她到家的时候，状态十分糟糕。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①In an official statement(state), she announced that she was leaving the position.
[链接写作]——完成句子
②In face of failure, it is the most important thing to keep up a good state of mind(保持良好的心态)．
range　n．种类；范围；幅度　v．变化；变动
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)The table tennis team will hold a range of activities including some training and matches.
乒乓球队将举办一系列的活动，其中包括一些训练和比赛。
(1)a wide range of　　　　 一系列……；各种各样的……
beyond/out of range 在……范围外
(2)range from...to... 在……范围内变动
range between...and... 在……范围内变动
①If you take part in our summer camp, you’ll have a wide range of choices to broaden your horizons.
如果你参加我们的夏令营，你将会有多种选择来开拓你的视野。
②The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond/out of our range.
这栋房子的价格太高了，远远超出了我们能承受的范围。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2017·北京卷)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging(range) from butterflies to elephants.
②He is the manager of our company, so hiring and firing are within the range of his responsibilities.
[链接写作]——一句多译
她的兴趣爱好很多，从下国际象棋到划船。
③She has a lot of hobbies，ranging from playing chess to boating.(非谓语动词)
④She has a lot of hobbies，which ranges from playing chess to boating.(定语从句)
glance　vi.看一下；瞥一眼；扫视　n．[C]一瞥
(经典例句)It’s not appropriate to glance through newspapers during work time.
上班时间浏览报纸是不合适的。
(1)glance over/through/at　　　　 浏览
(2)at first glance/sight 乍一看
give/take a glance (at) (朝……)一瞥
have a glance at 看一看
①He glanced at/over/through the morning paper.
他匆匆地浏览了晨报。
②They are eager to have a glance at the bride and bridegroom.
他们都急切地想看一看新娘和新郎。
[链接写作]——一句多译
我扫视了一下大厅， 发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。
①I glanced at/over/through the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.(glance vi.)
②I took/had a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.(glance n．)
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
(教材P26)There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正在变暖(见曲线图一)，而全球变暖是由人类活动引起的，并非一种随意的自然现象。
(1)There is no doubt that...　　　　 毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether... 怀疑……
(2)I doubt whether... 我怀疑……
I don’t doubt that... 我不怀疑……
①There is no doubt that newspapers in many parts of the world are having a hard time.　毫无疑问，报纸目前在世界很多地方都在经历着一段艰难的时期。
②I doubt whether he will keep his promise.
他是否能遵守诺言值得怀疑。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I have some doubt whether he is the best man for the job.
②I don’t doubt/have no doubt that he will win the race.
③There is no doubt that the vase is a valuable cultural relic.
even if/though引导让步状语从句
(教材P27)Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续变暖。
even if/though “即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
①My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，even though/if he’s in his nineties.
即使是九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。
②Even if we achieve great success in our work, we should not be proud.
即使我们在工作中取得巨大成就， 我们也不应该骄傲。
[链接写作]——一句多译
我已下定决心，即使被邀请我也不参加聚会。
①I have made up my mind that I won’t attend the party even if I am invited．
②I have made up my mind that I won’t attend the party even if invited．(省略)
品句填词
1．Our high living standards cause our present population to consume(消耗) 25 percent of the world’s oil.
2．Wood，coal，oil，petrol and gas are all different kinds of fuel．
3．The area is famous for its very mild winter climate.
4．She glanced(扫视) shyly at him and then lowered her eyes.
5．Some leaders are opposed(反对) to us having a flexible working schedule.
6．A large quantity(大量) of water is stored in the reservoir in case we run out of it some day.
7．The students in this class are from a wide range(范围) of backgrounds.
8．He stated(陈述) that the two countries were developing a steady relationship.
9．It is predicted that the economy will have a steady(平稳的) rise.
10．He has got into the habit of subscribing(捐款) to an environmental action group.
单句改错
1．When comparing with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
comparing→compared
2．One of the reasons why huge quantities of good soil is being washed away is that floods happen frequently in that area.
第一个is→are
3．I missed the bus this morning and as the consequence I was late for work.
第二个the→a
4．The reform has resulted from great changes in our country.
from→in
5．If you subscribe for the newspaper, it will be delivered to your door.
for→to
完成句子
1．爬山的时候，我们可以享受到温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。
While climbing the mountain, we can enjoy the warm sunshine and beautiful scenery.
2．要是没有大气层的话，地球的温度就会很低。
Without the atmosphere，the temperature of the earth would be very low．
3．我不同意这个观点：女孩子不擅长学数学。
I don’t agree with the view that girls are not good at studying maths.
4．毫无疑问，我们必须在本月末完成这项工作。
There is no doubt that we must finish the work at the end of this month.
5．据说，大量饮用咖啡对预防糖尿病特别有效。
It’s said that huge/large quantities of coffee seem to be especially helpful in diabetes prevention.
课文语法填空
The temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit during the 20th century and it’s a rapid increase when 1.____________(compare) to other natural changes.It is human activity 2.____________ has caused this global warming.All scientists take the view that the burning of fossil 3.____________(fuel) causes the increase in the earth’s temperature.The most important one of the“greenhouse” gases is carbon dioxide，4.____________ can trap heat from the sun and warm the earth.
Scientists’ attitudes towards the rise of carbon dioxide are 5.____________(complete) different.Dr Foster thinks that any trend in which the temperature increases by 5 degrees would lead to 6.____________ disaster.At the same time, others think there will be a rise in the sea level，severe storms，floods，droughts，famines，the spread of diseases or the 7.____________(disappear) of species.However, George Hambley 8.____________(oppose) to this view.He believes that we shouldn’t worry about it.More carbon dioxide will make plants grow quicker；crops will produce 9.____________(many)；it will encourage different kinds of animals.All of these will make life for human beings better.
Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere and the climate is going to keep on 10.____________(warm) for decades or centuries.No one knows the influence of global warming.
答案：1.compared　2.that　3.fuels　4.which　
5．completely　6.a　7.disappearance　8.is opposed　
9．more　10.warming
单句语法填空
1．Clearly and simply state(state) what you expect the child to do.
2．Lightning is one of the natural phenomena(phenomenon), so you needn’t be afraid of it.
3．After climbing to the top of Mount Tai, Allan consumed(consume) all his energy and decided to have a rest.
4．Owen’s training performances have been improving steadily(steady) and I’m not worried about him at all.
5．Most people believe that if climate changes continue, they will suffer the consequences(consequence)．
6．When she told her parents that she wanted to work abroad, her mother was opposed(oppose) to it at once.
7．He had to leave his house because it had been__flooded(flood) in the heavy rain.
8．It is reported that quantities of trees are__cut(cut) down to make chopsticks in our country every year.
9．There are a lot of jobs, ranging(range) from advertising sales to engineering.
10．When asked(ask) to compare the education system of China and Britain, the professor gave no answer.
阅读理解
A
Micha Porat was driving through Miami Beach a little after midnight when he saw a small animal, the size of a cat or a large rabbit, in the middle of the road.Even in the dark，Porat could see the animal moving slowly and it was clearly alive.So he stopped and got out of his car.
Porat was a self-employed marketer, and he also runs a popular and humorous Instagram account called Gomi the Frenchie，which tracks the funny behaviors of his three-year-old sandy-colored French bulldog Gomi who has more than 87，000 followers.
He took the eight-pound animal home, and by 2 a．m. he had posted a photo and video of the animal snuggling(依偎) up to Gomi.By the time the sun rose，thousands of people had seen the video.Gomi’s followers were about to come to the rescue of what turned out to be a partly blind and deaf Chihuahua.Later，some of them recognized the Chihuahua as a 14-year-old named Osita who belonged to Gustavo Briand, a salon owner in Miami Beach.Within a day, Osita and Briand were reunited.
The Chihuahua’s tale is part of a story that has become more common all over the country：An animal is lost.A message or picture is broadcast on social media.Hundreds of concerned “friends” repost the message or picture.The owner finds his or her lost animal, and they live happily ever after.
One New Jersey woman was reunited with her cat，Jimmy, two years after losing him, when she spotted him on a shelter’s Facebook page.A dog who ran away suddenly from his owner’s jeep at a music festival in Arizona was back with his owner after a blast on Facebook and Twitter.
“Social media is changing the results of pet tracking，”says Adriana Bradley, a founder of the Lost and Found Pets in North Jersey Project, a Facebook group.“Just sharing one post on social media can help, and so many people tell me that this is the only good reason for Facebook.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了Micha Porat通过社交媒体帮助失踪宠物与它的主人团聚的故事。
1．What happened when Porat was driving through Miami Beach?
A．He made way for an injured dog.
B．He ran over a rabbit by accident.
C．He saw a cat in the middle of the road.
D．He found a disabled animal without the owner.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Porat在路上发现了一只残疾的、没有主人的动物。
2．What did Porat do after returning home?
A．He called on his fans to spread his story online.
B．He began to take care of the animal by himself.
C．He took the blind and deaf animal to the doctor.
D．He shared a picture of his pet and the animal online.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的he had posted a photo and video of the animal snuggling(依偎) up to Gomi可知，Porat回家后把那只动物和他的牛头犬依偎在一起的照片发到了网上。
3．What does the underlined word “blast” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Serious warning.　　　　 B．Hot debate.
C．Heated repost. D．Heavy attack.
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据语境可知，这里是在举例说明通过社交网络可以找回失踪的宠物。由此推测，把照片发布到网上，经过大众疯狂转帖之后，这只宠物最终回到了主人身边。故选C。
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Social media is changing our daily life.
B．Facebook helps pet lovers record their pets’ life.
C．The Internet helps reunite missing pets and their owners.
D．People should take photos of their pets in case they get lost.
C　解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是网络可以帮助失踪宠物与其主人团聚。
B
Striking footage(镜头) recorded for National Geographic shows a dying polar bear struggling to find food on a land without ice or snow.The poor creature can be seen dragging its bony frame(骨架) across the rough land and searching for food in a bin.
Paul Nicklen，the photographer who shot the heart-breaking footage, says the sight reduced him to tears.“We stood there crying—filming with tears rolling down our cheeks，”he said.They found the dying creature on Canada’s Baffin Island—an area that has seen an extreme reduction in sea ice because of global warming.
Nicklen says that had he stepped in, it would only have deepened the situation.Instead, he filmed the bear’s slow，painful death and posted it to social media to serve as visual proof of the impact of climate change.“When scientists say bears are going extinct，I want people to realize what it looks like.Bears are going to starve to death，” said Nicklen.“This is what a starving bear looks like.”
Polar bears are only native to the Arctic region and are one of the many casualties(伤亡) of climate change.They rely on the Arctic ice to hunt seals and are becoming increasingly threatened as the ice melts away.
The World Wildlife Fund(WWF) predicted back in 2002 that polar bears may face extinction for losing habitat.There are an estimated 25，000 bears left in the wild and most experts agree that unless climate change is controlled，they will all be dead within the next 100 years.“The simple truth is this — if the Earth continues to warm, we will lose bears and entire polar ecosystems.This large male bear was not old, and he certainly died within hours or days in that situation，”Nicklen wrote on Instagram.“But there are solutions.We must begin putting the Earth—our home—first.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。摄影师Paul Nicklen拍摄了一段关于濒临灭绝的北极熊的影片，希望通过这样的方式引起社会的关注，从而重视环境问题。
5．What can people see in the striking footage?
A．A starving polar bear.
B．Some dying creatures.
C．A crying photographer.
D．The reduction of sea water.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Striking footage(镜头) recorded for National Geographic shows a dying polar bear struggling to find food in a land without ice or snow.可知，镜头记录的是一只挨饿的北极熊。
6．Why did Paul Nicklen post the footage on social media?
A．To raise people’s awareness of climate change.
B．To get a prize in a photography competition.
C．To attract readers’ interest in bears.
D．To raise money for bear protection.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的．..posted it to social media to serve as visual proof of the impact of climate change.可知，Paul Nicklen将濒临灭绝的北极熊通过摄影的方式记录下来放到社交媒体上，希望引起社会对气候变化的关注。
7．What do we know about the polar bears from the passage?
A．The polar bears that are left can be found in Canada.
B．They were hunting seals when taken photos of.
C．The WWF has done a lot to protect them.
D．Melting ice is a huge threat to their life.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的They rely on the Arctic ice to hunt seals and are becoming increasingly threatened as the ice melts away.可知，冰川融化对北极熊的生存构成巨大的威胁。
8．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．The unknown diseases increased polar bears’ deaths.
B．The whole bear ecosystem will suffer a heavy loss.
C．The destruction of forest affected the ecosystem.
D．The polar bear will be extinct in this century.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的．..we will lose bears and entire polar ecosystems.可知，如果气候继续变暖，整个北极熊系统将遭受巨大损失。
七选五
Did you make financial decisions last New Year’s Eve？Did they fail by the wayside, along with the gym membership and your promise to cut back on coffee？1.________
Make a smart budget.This is a perfect time to start, as you are heading into the new year.You may be able to stop yourself from overspending if you realize how overextended you are.2.________ And then most of other financial improvements will follow.
Control your spending.Even if you had a budget, were you able to stick to it？3.________ Use it as a psychological advantage—you have less to spend so you need to shop harder for bargains and to research prices.Impulse(冲动) buying will be less likely to attract you and your spending should be more reasonable as a result.
4．________ If you didn’t have a specific goal, it may be why your savings effort failed.Set a smaller savings goal now, and use that small step as a moment to build a larger savings goal for the upcoming year.Make sure that your savings have a specific goal.
Reduce your debt.Debt reduction is an important goal，especially in the case of high-interest debt such as credit cards.It’s easy to get into an unrecoverable spiral(旋涡) of debt if you have no plan to keep debt in check.5.________ It is a long-term goal，but one you need to start right away.
A．Increase your savings.
B．Have a clear picture of your potential debt.
C．Analyze the reasons for your failure in savings.
D．Start small by setting a spending budget for your shopping.
E．Attack the debt with a high interest rate，and control your spending.
F．But this year, you can make some progress towards your financial goals.
G．If you’ve taken no other financial steps, start by setting a realistic budget.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种自我经济管理的方法。
1．F　解析：此空设于句末，承上启下。上文的三个反问句讲的是去年发生的事情，此句中this year与之形成对照，同时引起下文要谈的内容。
2．G　解析：此空设于句中，是一个过渡句。说明应先从实际预算开始，然后再进行其他方面的改进。
3．D　解析：此空设于句中，是一个过渡句。根据本段首句Control your spending.和上下文的语境可知，要从制定购物预算这种小的方面开始。后文you need to shop和Impulse(冲动) buying也提示了答案。
4．A　解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容主要讲要增加自己的存款，从小的存款目标发展到大的存款目标，是对该主题句的具体阐释。
5．E　解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。说明要控制自己的债务的同时也要控制自己的开支。
课件40张PPT。Unit 4　Global warmingcame aboutcome upcame acrosscome up with同意签署(文件)订阅捐助are neededQuantitiesarea large quantity of desert has coveredto gettendencytoAs a resultAs a result ofresulted inresults fromseparatingopposedareopposed toconsequenceConsequentlyas a result/consequenceas a result/consequence ofstatementto keep up a good state of mindrangingwithinranging from playing chess towhich ranges from playing chess toglanced at/over/through the halltook/had a glance at the hallwhetherthatthateven if I am invitedeven if invited本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Our high living standards cause our present population to consume(消耗) 25 percent of the world’s oil.
2．Wood，coal，oil，petrol and gas are all different kinds of fuel．
3．The area is famous for its very mild winter climate.
4．She glanced(扫视) shyly at him and then lowered her eyes.
5．Some leaders are opposed(反对) to us having a flexible working schedule.
6．A large quantity(大量) of water is stored in the reservoir in case we run out of it some day.
7．The students in this class are from a wide range(范围) of backgrounds.
8．He stated(陈述) that the two countries were developing a steady relationship.
9．It is predicted that the economy will have a steady(平稳的) rise.
10．He has got into the habit of subscribing(捐款) to an environmental action group.
单句改错
1．When comparing with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
comparing→compared
2．One of the reasons why huge quantities of good soil is being washed away is that floods happen frequently in that area.
第一个is→are
3．I missed the bus this morning and as the consequence I was late for work.
第二个the→a
4．The reform has resulted from great changes in our country.
from→in
5．If you subscribe for the newspaper, it will be delivered to your door.
for→to
完成句子
1．爬山的时候，我们可以享受到温暖的阳光和美丽的风景。
While climbing the mountain, we can enjoy the warm sunshine and beautiful scenery.
2．要是没有大气层的话，地球的温度就会很低。
Without the atmosphere，the temperature of the earth would be very low．
3．我不同意这个观点：女孩子不擅长学数学。
I don’t agree with the view that girls are not good at studying maths.
4．毫无疑问，我们必须在本月末完成这项工作。
There is no doubt that we must finish the work at the end of this month.
5．据说，大量饮用咖啡对预防糖尿病特别有效。
It’s said that huge/large quantities of coffee seem to be especially helpful in diabetes prevention.
课文语法填空
The temperature of the earth rose about one degree Fahrenheit during the 20th century and it’s a rapid increase when 1.____________(compare) to other natural changes.It is human activity 2.____________ has caused this global warming.All scientists take the view that the burning of fossil 3.____________(fuel) causes the increase in the earth’s temperature.The most important one of the“greenhouse” gases is carbon dioxide，4.____________ can trap heat from the sun and warm the earth.
Scientists’ attitudes towards the rise of carbon dioxide are 5.____________(complete) different.Dr Foster thinks that any trend in which the temperature increases by 5 degrees would lead to 6.____________ disaster.At the same time, others think there will be a rise in the sea level，severe storms，floods，droughts，famines，the spread of diseases or the 7.____________(disappear) of species.However, George Hambley 8.____________(oppose) to this view.He believes that we shouldn’t worry about it.More carbon dioxide will make plants grow quicker；crops will produce 9.____________(many)；it will encourage different kinds of animals.All of these will make life for human beings better.
Greenhouse gases continue to build up in the atmosphere and the climate is going to keep on 10.____________(warm) for decades or centuries.No one knows the influence of global warming.
答案：1.compared　2.that　3.fuels　4.which　
5．completely　6.a　7.disappearance　8.is opposed　
9．more　10.warming
单句语法填空
1．Clearly and simply state(state) what you expect the child to do.
2．Lightning is one of the natural phenomena(phenomenon), so you needn’t be afraid of it.
3．After climbing to the top of Mount Tai, Allan consumed(consume) all his energy and decided to have a rest.
4．Owen’s training performances have been improving steadily(steady) and I’m not worried about him at all.
5．Most people believe that if climate changes continue, they will suffer the consequences(consequence)．
6．When she told her parents that she wanted to work abroad, her mother was opposed(oppose) to it at once.
7．He had to leave his house because it had been__flooded(flood) in the heavy rain.
8．It is reported that quantities of trees are__cut(cut) down to make chopsticks in our country every year.
9．There are a lot of jobs, ranging(range) from advertising sales to engineering.
10．When asked(ask) to compare the education system of China and Britain, the professor gave no answer.
阅读理解
A
Micha Porat was driving through Miami Beach a little after midnight when he saw a small animal, the size of a cat or a large rabbit, in the middle of the road.Even in the dark，Porat could see the animal moving slowly and it was clearly alive.So he stopped and got out of his car.
Porat was a self-employed marketer, and he also runs a popular and humorous Instagram account called Gomi the Frenchie，which tracks the funny behaviors of his three-year-old sandy-colored French bulldog Gomi who has more than 87，000 followers.
He took the eight-pound animal home, and by 2 a．m. he had posted a photo and video of the animal snuggling(依偎) up to Gomi.By the time the sun rose，thousands of people had seen the video.Gomi’s followers were about to come to the rescue of what turned out to be a partly blind and deaf Chihuahua.Later，some of them recognized the Chihuahua as a 14-year-old named Osita who belonged to Gustavo Briand, a salon owner in Miami Beach.Within a day, Osita and Briand were reunited.
The Chihuahua’s tale is part of a story that has become more common all over the country：An animal is lost.A message or picture is broadcast on social media.Hundreds of concerned “friends” repost the message or picture.The owner finds his or her lost animal, and they live happily ever after.
One New Jersey woman was reunited with her cat，Jimmy, two years after losing him, when she spotted him on a shelter’s Facebook page.A dog who ran away suddenly from his owner’s jeep at a music festival in Arizona was back with his owner after a blast on Facebook and Twitter.
“Social media is changing the results of pet tracking，”says Adriana Bradley, a founder of the Lost and Found Pets in North Jersey Project, a Facebook group.“Just sharing one post on social media can help, and so many people tell me that this is the only good reason for Facebook.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了Micha Porat通过社交媒体帮助失踪宠物与它的主人团聚的故事。
1．What happened when Porat was driving through Miami Beach?
A．He made way for an injured dog.
B．He ran over a rabbit by accident.
C．He saw a cat in the middle of the road.
D．He found a disabled animal without the owner.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Porat在路上发现了一只残疾的、没有主人的动物。
2．What did Porat do after returning home?
A．He called on his fans to spread his story online.
B．He began to take care of the animal by himself.
C．He took the blind and deaf animal to the doctor.
D．He shared a picture of his pet and the animal online.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的he had posted a photo and video of the animal snuggling(依偎) up to Gomi可知，Porat回家后把那只动物和他的牛头犬依偎在一起的照片发到了网上。
3．What does the underlined word “blast” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Serious warning.　　　　 B．Hot debate.
C．Heated repost. D．Heavy attack.
C　解析：词义猜测题。根据语境可知，这里是在举例说明通过社交网络可以找回失踪的宠物。由此推测，把照片发布到网上，经过大众疯狂转帖之后，这只宠物最终回到了主人身边。故选C。
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Social media is changing our daily life.
B．Facebook helps pet lovers record their pets’ life.
C．The Internet helps reunite missing pets and their owners.
D．People should take photos of their pets in case they get lost.
C　解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是网络可以帮助失踪宠物与其主人团聚。
B
Striking footage(镜头) recorded for National Geographic shows a dying polar bear struggling to find food on a land without ice or snow.The poor creature can be seen dragging its bony frame(骨架) across the rough land and searching for food in a bin.
Paul Nicklen，the photographer who shot the heart-breaking footage, says the sight reduced him to tears.“We stood there crying—filming with tears rolling down our cheeks，”he said.They found the dying creature on Canada’s Baffin Island—an area that has seen an extreme reduction in sea ice because of global warming.
Nicklen says that had he stepped in, it would only have deepened the situation.Instead, he filmed the bear’s slow，painful death and posted it to social media to serve as visual proof of the impact of climate change.“When scientists say bears are going extinct，I want people to realize what it looks like.Bears are going to starve to death，” said Nicklen.“This is what a starving bear looks like.”
Polar bears are only native to the Arctic region and are one of the many casualties(伤亡) of climate change.They rely on the Arctic ice to hunt seals and are becoming increasingly threatened as the ice melts away.
The World Wildlife Fund(WWF) predicted back in 2002 that polar bears may face extinction for losing habitat.There are an estimated 25，000 bears left in the wild and most experts agree that unless climate change is controlled，they will all be dead within the next 100 years.“The simple truth is this — if the Earth continues to warm, we will lose bears and entire polar ecosystems.This large male bear was not old, and he certainly died within hours or days in that situation，”Nicklen wrote on Instagram.“But there are solutions.We must begin putting the Earth—our home—first.”
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。摄影师Paul Nicklen拍摄了一段关于濒临灭绝的北极熊的影片，希望通过这样的方式引起社会的关注，从而重视环境问题。
5．What can people see in the striking footage?
A．A starving polar bear.
B．Some dying creatures.
C．A crying photographer.
D．The reduction of sea water.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的Striking footage(镜头) recorded for National Geographic shows a dying polar bear struggling to find food in a land without ice or snow.可知，镜头记录的是一只挨饿的北极熊。
6．Why did Paul Nicklen post the footage on social media?
A．To raise people’s awareness of climate change.
B．To get a prize in a photography competition.
C．To attract readers’ interest in bears.
D．To raise money for bear protection.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的．..posted it to social media to serve as visual proof of the impact of climate change.可知，Paul Nicklen将濒临灭绝的北极熊通过摄影的方式记录下来放到社交媒体上，希望引起社会对气候变化的关注。
7．What do we know about the polar bears from the passage?
A．The polar bears that are left can be found in Canada.
B．They were hunting seals when taken photos of.
C．The WWF has done a lot to protect them.
D．Melting ice is a huge threat to their life.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的They rely on the Arctic ice to hunt seals and are becoming increasingly threatened as the ice melts away.可知，冰川融化对北极熊的生存构成巨大的威胁。
8．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．The unknown diseases increased polar bears’ deaths.
B．The whole bear ecosystem will suffer a heavy loss.
C．The destruction of forest affected the ecosystem.
D．The polar bear will be extinct in this century.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的．..we will lose bears and entire polar ecosystems.可知，如果气候继续变暖，整个北极熊系统将遭受巨大损失。
七选五
Did you make financial decisions last New Year’s Eve？Did they fail by the wayside, along with the gym membership and your promise to cut back on coffee？1.________
Make a smart budget.This is a perfect time to start, as you are heading into the new year.You may be able to stop yourself from overspending if you realize how overextended you are.2.________ And then most of other financial improvements will follow.
Control your spending.Even if you had a budget, were you able to stick to it？3.________ Use it as a psychological advantage—you have less to spend so you need to shop harder for bargains and to research prices.Impulse(冲动) buying will be less likely to attract you and your spending should be more reasonable as a result.
4．________ If you didn’t have a specific goal, it may be why your savings effort failed.Set a smaller savings goal now, and use that small step as a moment to build a larger savings goal for the upcoming year.Make sure that your savings have a specific goal.
Reduce your debt.Debt reduction is an important goal，especially in the case of high-interest debt such as credit cards.It’s easy to get into an unrecoverable spiral(旋涡) of debt if you have no plan to keep debt in check.5.________ It is a long-term goal，but one you need to start right away.
A．Increase your savings.
B．Have a clear picture of your potential debt.
C．Analyze the reasons for your failure in savings.
D．Start small by setting a spending budget for your shopping.
E．Attack the debt with a high interest rate，and control your spending.
F．But this year, you can make some progress towards your financial goals.
G．If you’ve taken no other financial steps, start by setting a realistic budget.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种自我经济管理的方法。
1．F　解析：此空设于句末，承上启下。上文的三个反问句讲的是去年发生的事情，此句中this year与之形成对照，同时引起下文要谈的内容。
2．G　解析：此空设于句中，是一个过渡句。说明应先从实际预算开始，然后再进行其他方面的改进。
3．D　解析：此空设于句中，是一个过渡句。根据本段首句Control your spending.和上下文的语境可知，要从制定购物预算这种小的方面开始。后文you need to shop和Impulse(冲动) buying也提示了答案。
4．A　解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容主要讲要增加自己的存款，从小的存款目标发展到大的存款目标，是对该主题句的具体阐释。
5．E　解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。说明要控制自己的债务的同时也要控制自己的开支。
Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.widespread adj.　　　　 分布广的；普遍的
2.average adj. 平均的
3.casual adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；
偶然的
4.circumstance n．　　　　　环境；情况
5.refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作
6.electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的
拓展词汇
7.existence n．生存；存在→exist v．存在
8.advocate vt.拥护；提倡；主张→advocator n．拥护者
9.commitment n．承诺；交托；信奉→commit v．向……保证
10.pollution n．污染；弄脏→pollute vt.污染→pollutant n．污染物
11.disagreement n．分歧； 不一致→disagree vi.不同意
12.growth n．增长；生长→grow vi.生长；增长
13.educator n．教育工作者；教育家→educate v．教育→education n．教育
14.contribution n．贡献→contribute v．贡献；捐助
阅读词汇
15.economical adj.　　　　节约的；经济的
16.hectare n. 公顷
17.outer adj. 外部的；外面的
18.individual n. 个人；个体
adj. 单独的；个别的
19.motor n．　　　　　 　　发动机
20.can n. 容器；罐头
21.microwave n. 微波炉；微波
22.slogan n. 口号；标语
23.heading n. 标题
续　表
重点短语
1.on the whole　　　　　　大体上；基本上
2.on behalf of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
3.put up with 忍受；容忍
4.so long as 只要
5.and so on 等等
6.turn up　　　　　　　　开大，调高
7.make a difference 有影响，有区别
8.carry out 实施，执行
9.have little effect on 对……几乎没有影响
10.instead of 代替；而不是
重点句型
1.so/as long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句
It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it(只要你在使用它)—if not, turn it off！
2.It takes...to do sth.花费……做某事
It takes a lot of energy(需要花费大量的能源) to make things from new materials, so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials.
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．What can we do about global warming in our house according to Earth Care?
A．Do not use any electrical appliance.
B．Never watch TV.
C．Try to save as much electricity as possible.
D．Ride a bike instead of using a car.
2．According to Earth Care, after drinking a cola, we should________．
A．throw the can away
B．buy another one
C．start working as soon as possible
D．keep the can for recycling
3．Who is the writer of the first letter?
A．An editor.　　　　　　 B．Ouyang Guang.
C．Earth Care. D．B and C.
4．What’s the main idea of the two letters?
A．Some organizations should do something about global warming.
B．Suggestions on what to do about global warming.
C．Individuals needn’t do anything about global warming.
D．Governments should take measures about global warming.
答案：1－4.CDBB
①on behalf[bI'hɑ?f] of代表……一方；作为……的代言人
②individual[?IndI'vId???l]
n．个人；个体　adj.单独的；个别的
③have little effect on对……几乎没有影响(该短语中effect为不可数名词)
④advocate['?dv?keIt]vt.拥护；提倡；主张
⑤commitment[k?'mItm?nt]n.承诺；交托；信奉
⑥make a difference(to...)
(对……)有关系，有影响
⑦put up with忍受；容忍
⑧pollution[p?'lu??n]n.污染；弄脏
⑨growth[ɡr??θ]n.增长；生长
⑩electrical[I'lektrIkl]adj.电的；与电有关的
?appliance[?'plaI?ns]n.用具；工具；器具
?as long as只要
?casual['k????l]adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
be casual about...对……
漫不经心
?and so on等等
?motor['m??t?]n.发动机
?can[k?n]n.容器；罐头
?circumstance['s??k?mst?ns]n.环境；情况
?economical[?i?k?'n?mIkl]adj.节约的；经济的
economic adj.经济上的，经济学的
economics n．经济学
?microwave['maIkr?weIv]n.微波炉；微波
?refresh[rI'fre?]vt.使恢复；
使振作
educator['ed??keIt?]n.教育工作者；教育家
contribution[?k?ntrI'bju??n]n.贡献
make contributions to 对……做出贡献
count vi.重要
【核心素养链接】
低碳生活(low carbon living)，就是指生活作息时要尽力减少所消耗的能量，特别是二氧化碳的排放量，从而减少对大气的污染。低碳生活既是一种生活方式，同时也是一种生活理念，更是一种可持续发展的环保责任。低碳生活，从我做起：
·拒绝塑料袋　·巧用废旧品
·远离一次性　·提倡水循环
·出行少开车　·用电节约化
·办公无纸化　·购物需谨慎
·植物常点缀　·争做志愿者
WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING?
Dear Earth Care，
I am doing a project on behalf of ① my school about global warming.Sometimes I feel that individuals② can have little effect on③ such huge environmental problems. However, I still think people should advocate④ improvements in the way we use energy today. As I’m not sure where to start with my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.
Thank you!
Ouyang Guang
◆画线部分为省略that的宾语从句，在宾语从句中“we use energy today”是一个省略了that或in which的定语从语，从句修饰先行词the way。
◆As引导原因状语从句，“where to start with my project”在此为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式短语”作宾语。
Dear Ouyang Guang，
There are many people who have a commitment⑤ like yours, but they do not believe they have the power to do anything to improve our environment. That is not true. Together, individuals can make a difference⑥. We do not have to put up with⑦ pollution⑧.
◆who引导定语从句，修饰先行词many people。
◆“they have the power to do anything...”为省略了连接词that的宾语从句，其中不定式短语“to do anything...”作后置定语，修饰the power。
The growth⑨ of the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide in the air actually comes as a result of many things we do every day. Here are a few suggestions on how to reduce it. They should get you started with your project.
1 We use a lot of energy in our houses. It is OK to leave an electrical⑩ appliance? on so long as? you are using it—if not, turn it off! Do not be casual about? this. So if you are not using the lights, the TV, the computer, and so on?， turn them off. If you are cold, put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.
◆本句为主从复合句，so long as引导条件状语从句，主句中It是形式主语，动词不定式短语“to leave...on”是真正的主语，“leave an electrical appliance on”是“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，副词on作宾补。
2 Motor? vehicles use a lot of energy—so walk or ride a bike if you can.
3 Recycle cans?， bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances? allow you to. It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials, so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials．
◆It在此为形式主语，动词不定式短语“to make things from new materials”是真正的主语。
◆过去分词短语“made from recycled materials”为后置定语，修饰things。
4 Get your parents to buy things that are economical? with energy—this includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves?.
5 Plant trees in your garden or your school yard, as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh? your spirit when you look at them．
◆that引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是things。
◆“as they absorb carbon dioxide...at them”为as引导的原因状语从句，从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句。
6 Finally and most importantly, be an educator. Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them what you have learned.
Remember—your contribution counts!
Earth Care
关于全球变暖，
我们能做些什么呢？
亲爱的“关爱地球”(组织)：
我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。有时候我觉得，像这样一个巨大的环境问题，个人是起不了什么作用的。然而，我仍认为人们应该提倡改进当今能源消耗的方式。因为我还不确定该从哪里着手我的专题研究，所以我会感激你们所提出的任何建议。
谢谢！
欧阳光
亲爱的欧阳光：
有许多人跟你有同感，但是，他们不相信他们有能力为改善我们的环境做些事情。这种想法是不正确的。众人拾柴火焰高。我们不必去忍受污染。
空气中的温室气体(即二氧化碳)的增加的确起因于我们每天做的许多事情。有几条关于如何减少空气中二氧化碳含量的建议。这些建议应该能够使你开始你的专题研究。
1．在室内我们会用大量的能源。只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着——如果不用，就把它关掉！不要对此漫不经心。因此，如果你不用电灯、电视、电脑等，就把它们关掉。如果你觉得冷，就多穿点衣服而不要把暖气调高。
2．机动车耗费大量的能源。因此，如果你可以，就步行或骑自行车吧。
3．如果条件允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。用新材料制造物品需要大量的能源，因此，如果你可以，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。
4．让你的父母去买那些能节省能源的产品吧，包括汽车和像冰箱、微波炉这样较小的东西。
5．在你的花园或校园里栽种树木，因为它们能吸收空气中的二氧化碳，当你看到它们的时候你会觉得精神振奋。
6．最后也是最重要的，要教育他人。和你的家人、朋友谈一谈全球变暖，并把你学到的东西告诉他们。
记住——你的贡献是有价值的！
“关爱地球”(组织)
on the whole　大体上；基本上
(教材P28)On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes great concern.
总的来说，地球变暖是个引起广泛关注的现象。
表示“总体上；总之”的短语荟萃：
generally (speaking)/in general 　 通常来说；总的来说
in a word/in short/in conclusion 总之
①On the whole, she felt that the judgement was fair.
总的说来，她觉得这个判决是公平的。
②On the whole, I subscribe to your five-year plan.
总的来说，我同意你的这个五年计划。
[链接写作]——完成句子
总的来说， 我高度评价你在会议上提出的计划。
On the whole/In a word, I think highly of the plan you put forward at the meeting.
average　adj.平均的；普通的　n．平均数
(2016·天津卷)As the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
随着人口平均年龄的增长，越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
an average of　　　　 平均有(后跟数词)
on (the) average 平均起来
above/below (the) average
在平均水平以上/以下
up to average 达到平均数；达到一般水准
On average, people who don’t smoke are healthier than people who do.
通常，不吸烟的人比吸烟的人更健康。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Men lose an average of 3－4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more.
②Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ above the average.
on behalf of　代表……一方；作为……的代言人
(教材P30)I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.
我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖的课题研究。
(1)on sb.’s behalf　　　　　　 代表某人
(2)represent sb. 代表某人
①On behalf of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
我代表这里的每个人，祝你们回国旅途愉快。
②My husband could not be here tonight, but I want to thank you on his behalf.
今晚我丈夫有事不能前来，我代表他向你们致谢。
[链接写作]——一句多译
我谨代表我全家对你们的帮助表示真诚的感谢。
①Representing my whole family, I’d like to express my sincere gratitude for your help.(分词作状语)
②On behalf of my whole family, I’d like to express my sincere gratitude for your help.(介词短语)
advocate　vt.拥护；提倡；主张
(教材P30)However, I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.
然而我仍认为人们应该提倡改进当今能源消耗的方式。
(1)advocate doing sth.　　　 提倡做某事
advocate that...(should) do sth.
提倡……(应该)做某事
(2)an advocate of ……的提倡者
①We advocate giving up smoking in order to keep fit.
为了保持健康，我们提倡戒烟。
②It is advocated that smoking should be banned in the building.
有人提倡大楼内禁止吸烟。
[链接写作]——完成句子
中国政府提倡我们应该过低碳生活。
The Chinese government advocates that we should live a low-carbon life．
make a difference　有影响，有区别，有不同
(教材P30)Together, individuals can make a difference.
众人拾柴火焰高。
make some difference　　　　　 有些影响
make no difference 没有影响
make a big difference to sb. 对某人有很大影响
①Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health.
锻炼对你的健康状况大有影响。
②She insists that it does not make any difference to her.
她坚持认为那件事对她来说没有什么影响。
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)I appreciate your suggestion very much, which has affected me.
(高级表达)I appreciate your suggestion very much, which has made__a__difference__to me.
put up with　容忍；忍受
(经典例句)I can put up with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌它不干净。
(1)put up with/bear/stand/tolerate
　　　　　　　　　 容忍；忍受
(2)put aside 节省；储蓄，储存
put forward 提出建议；把……向前拨
put off 延期，推迟
put up 提出；提高；留宿；张贴
put away 收藏起来；储存
①Noise is coming to the point where we can’t put up with it.
噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步了。
②Don’t be discouraged.If you put away such feelings, you will do better next time.　别气馁！如果你把这种情绪放置一边，你下次会做得更好。
[即学即练]——用put的相关短语填空
①A suggestion has been put forward that we should recycle the textbooks.
②He decided that he would drive back to town instead of putting up for the night at the hotel.
③(2016·北京卷)A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)He’ll have to find some other work for he can’t stand/bear this loud noise any more.
(高级表达)He’ll have to find some other work for he can’t put up with/tolerate this loud noise any more.
circumstance　n．环境；情况(通常用作复数形式)
(教材P30)Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.　如果条件允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。
under/in...circumstances　 在……情况下
in/under no circumstances 决不(位于句首时倒装)
①We can’t take measures until we’ve known all the circumstances.
直到摸清了所有的情况，我们才能采取措施。
②Under such circumstances, he is likely to lose heart.
在这样的情况下，他有可能会失去信心。
[链接写作]——完成句子
我的老师总是提醒我，一旦设定了学习目标，在任何情况下都不应该放弃。
My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances should I abandon my learning goals once I set them.
contribution　n．[C]贡献；捐款
(教材P30)Remember—your contribution counts!
记住——你的贡献是有价值的！
(1)make a contribution/contributions to (doing) sth.
　　　　　　　 对(做)某事做出贡献
(2)contribute to... 导致……；向……投稿；有助于……
①Those who have made a great contribution to human beings and society will never be forgotten.　那些为人类和社会做出巨大贡献的人将永远不会被人们遗忘。
②Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement in English.
最后，一些好的英语学习网站也对我英语水平的提高起了很大作用。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We must make a contribution to protecting(protect) the environment.
②Our school called on us to contribute to the flood-hit area.
[链接写作]——完成句子
③作为一名中学生， 我提倡我们应该为社会做些贡献。
As a middle school student, I advocate that we should__make__some__contributions__to society.
so long as引导条件状语从句
(教材P30)It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not，turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着——如果不用，就把它关掉！
(1)so long as＝as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。
(2)本句中if not是if you are not using it的省略形式。if后常跟so或not来代替上文内容。其他类似的用法有：
if any　　　　　　　　 如果有
if necessary 如果有必要
if ever 如果曾有过的话
if possible 如果可能
①You may borrow the book as long as/so long as you keep it clean.　只要你不把书弄脏，就可以把书借给你。
②You should finish the project on time.If not, you will be in trouble.
你应该按时完成这项工程。否则，你会有麻烦的。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①只要坚持练习，你就会提高你的阅读理解能力。
As long as you keep practicing, you will improve your reading comprehension.
②我们已经准备好，必要时为自己的权利而战。
We are ready to fight for our rights if necessary.
品句填词
1．The drug is effective but has a(n) tendency(倾向) to cause headaches.
2．The project has received widespread public support so it must be carried out.
3．The water is extremely cold and the lake’s average(平均的) water temperature is just 3℃.
4．If we can use recycled(可循环的) materials, we will cause less pollution to the earth.
5．The casual(随便的) dress is becoming more and more fashionable.
6．There’s a lot of disagreements(分歧) among politicians on this issue.
7．Mary felt a bit tired. She wanted to refresh(恢复) herself with a cool bath.
8．Everyone should make a contribution(贡献) to protecting the environment.
9．In his judgement, polluting industries should fight aga-inst carbon pollution(污染)．
10．As we all know, the growth(生长) of crops depends on sunlight.
选词填空
on the whole, on behalf of, come about, subscribe to, build up, go up, result in, be opposed to, even if, keep on
1．The police interviewed several witnesses, but none of them could tell how the accident came__about．
2．I don’t subscribe__to any weekly or monthly magazines.I buy some occasionally at bookstores.
3．With the temperature of the earth going__up,__the iceberg at the South Pole begins to melt.
4．Being a volunteer helped John build__up his sense of self-worth and added value to his life.
5．There was a big fire in a 24-story apartment building last night, resulting__in at least 100 deaths.
6．Advance warning, even__if it doesn’t prevent an outbreak, could at least reduce the loss of life.
7．Although no one was willing to give him money, the man kept__on playing the violin on the street.
8．At first, I was__opposed__to the plan put forward by Jack, but at last he managed to persuade me into accepting it.
9．On__the__whole,__the warmer a place is, the more types of plants and animals it will usually support.
10．On__behalf__of the entire company, I thank you for all your work.
完成句子
1．It__takes__skills__and__physical__strength(需要技巧和体力) to finish the task, so I think Jim is too young to do it.
2．You may use the room as__long__as(只要) you can keep it clean.
3．When__and__where__to__hold__the__meeting(在什么时间、什么地点举行会议) hasn’t been decided so far.
4．Together, individuals can make__a__difference(众人拾柴火焰高)．
5．I’d__appreciate__it__if(如果……我会很感激的) you could turn off the light. I’m sleepy.
6．The school sees its job as preparing students to make__a__contribution__to__society(为社会做出贡献)．
单句语法填空
1．The company gave us a presentation(present) on how the new system worked.
2．The two sides had disagreements(disagree) on this matter yesterday, so another talk will be held in a month.
3．The Belt and Road Initiative advocated by China will make great contributions(contribute) to the world development.
4．President Xi notes that under such circumstances(circumstance) it’s necessary to strengthen cooperation among countries.
5．The men were clearing all the pollution(pollute) off the shore.
6．The government is trying to limit population growth(grow)．
7．They sell all kinds of electrical(electricity) equipment and appliances.
8．The woman living next door is a well-known educator(educate)．
9．The universe is so magical a place that no one knows how it came into existence(exist) on earth.
10．There is a growing tendency(tend) towards having two children in our country.
阅读理解
A
Some people think asking for help is a sign of weakness, but the complete opposite is true. It takes strength to ask for help. It’s a hard thing to do. The truth is, there are more good people than bad. People truly want to help others. No one should ever have to be in that dark place.
I have a friend called Diane. Diane is one of the most positive people I have ever known. She is smart and funny, and by looking at her you would certainly think she had a perfect life. No one knew the terrible things she was dealing with. She never asked anyone for help when she was in great trouble. She thought that she would just be bothering(打搅) people if she told them the truth. She thought loneliness was her answer. She masked her loneliness, but one day she hit her breaking point.
Diane tried to take her life one morning. She was lucky, though. Someone found her before it was too late. People finally knew her problems and with their help she got rid of them. She once told me that her biggest regret was not reaching out to someone sooner. Diane has greatly changed. She’s become positive and is always ready to help others.
Diane and I have grown quite close. She has helped me battle my own problems. She is an example of what help looks like.
To anyone out there who feels they are alone, I hope you know you are not. Even if you feel the world is closing in on you, there are people who care—people who will surprise you in the best ways. The best thing about our technological world is how easily you can reach people. Don’t be afraid to ask for help. You are not alone.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过朋友的故事告诉我们：当我们需要帮助时，应该敢于向他人求助。
1．What does the author mean by saying “the complete opposite is true” in Paragraph 1?
A．Getting help from others is a great shame.
B．Asking for help shows great courage.
C．It takes bravery to offer help.
D．It is difficult to get help.
B　解析：句意理解题。根据第一段中的Some people think asking for help is a sign of weakness及 It takes strength to ask for help. It’s a hard thing to do.可知，作者是想表明：寻求帮助不是软弱的表现，相反，寻求帮助其实非常需要勇气。
2．Why did Diane refuse to ask for help at first?
A．She was very positive.
B．She had no one to turn to.
C．She considered help useless.
D．She feared to make trouble for others.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的She thought that she would just be bothering(打搅) people if she told them the truth.可知，Diane不向他人寻求帮助是因为她怕打扰别人。
3．What change did Diane show after being saved by people?
A．She turned her back on the author.
B．She masked her anger with a smile.
C．She thought highly of reaching out to others.
D．She has removed all her doubts about others.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的She once told me that her biggest regret was not reaching out to someone sooner...is always ready to help others.可推断，Diane现在认为向别人寻求帮助很重要。
4．What does the author think of our technological world today?
A．It makes people afraid of face-to-face conversation.
B．It makes communication between people easier.
C．It offers a variety of ways to care for others.
D．It is likely to make people feel lonely.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The best thing about our technological world is how easily you can reach people.可知，科技时代让人们更易接近彼此，促进了人们之间的交流。
B
In Scotland, 600，000 tonnes of food are thrown away every year. This amount of food, which could feed about 1.2 billion poor people, is almost a third of household(家庭的) waste. And food waste isn’t just a big problem in Scotland.
Money, time, and resources(资源) are often wasted by throwing away good food. It also causes very harmful greenhouse gas, which is perilous to the planet.
In the production stage, some foods do not enter the food chain for many reasons. Supermarkets usually care about the quality of food from farms. They often refuse strange-looking and unusually sized produce. However, they seem to forget that it is almost impossible to grow the perfect produce. Food waste at the consumption(消费) stage includes food going out of date and leftovers(剩饭) because of too much food. In households, even mostly fresh fruit and vegetables are thrown away.
In order to reduce food waste, here is what we can do：
Understand the terms “use by” and “best before” dates. “Use by” dates are there for your safety. It is dangerous to eat food after the use-by date and doing so risks your health. “Best before” dates tell you how long the food will be at its best quality. Once the food passes the date, it isn’t necessarily bad, but you should still check, just to be sure.
Every time you go shopping and bring back new food, put them at the back of your fridge and bring the food that will expire(到期) soon closer to the front. That way, you know what needs to be eaten first.
If you have any food that will expire soon, give it to charity if you aren’t going to eat it. They will really appreciate the food you have given.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物浪费是一个很普遍的问题，并告诉人们如何避免食物浪费。
5．What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A．Food waste is the biggest part of household waste.
B．Household waste hasn’t drawn much attention.
C．People in Scotland waste the most food.
D．Food waste is a common problem.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，食物浪费不仅是苏格兰的一大问题，食物浪费问题很普遍。
6．What does the underlined word “perilous” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Valuable.　　　　　　　 B．Dangerous.
C．Different. D．Unnecessary.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的It also causes very harmful greenhouse gas可知，食物浪费还会产生有害的温室气体，这对地球而言很“危险”。harmful在这里是提示。
7．What should people do to reduce food waste according to the text?
A．Pick usually sized produce.
B．Improve the quality of farm produce.
C．Order produce directly from farmers.
D．Avoid buying too much food at a time.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Food waste at the consumption(消费) stage...even mostly fresh fruit and vegetables are thrown away.可知，在食物消费环节，由于食物过剩导致新鲜水果和蔬菜被扔掉，所以如果人们每次购物时少买一点就可以避免浪费。
8．What advice does the author offer to people?
A．Buy food that will expire soon to reduce waste.
B．Place food carefully according to its expiry date.
C．Throw away food that passes the best-before date.
D．Give food that has passed its use-by date to charity.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Every time you go shopping and bring back new food...soon closer to the front.可知，每次购物回来都把快过期的食物放在前面，这样也可以避免浪费。
完形填空
In late 2013, my dad was diagnosed with cancer. The news was a __1__ to all of us, but my dad took it like a man and __2__ until the end. After his diagnosis, my dad visited many doctors with different opinions on how to __3__ him. He received several rounds of radiation and chemotherapy treatments. __4__， after all this, the tumor(肿瘤) started to become smaller. Sadly, a small part of it was __5__ there and it finally grew back. This __6__ more hospital visits and medicines.
Despite the __7__ my dad was facing, he still tried to act like everything was __8__. Dad would come to all my games, concerts, and events. He never showed his __9__ and started each day with a smile. One of his favorite things was to cheer us on by __10__ with us. Unfortunately, cancer finally took over. His body just __11__ and on August 11, 2017, we all said our final goodbyes to Dad. What followed was a funeral that felt like a __12__ dream. The days after this were dark, __13__ we had to try to go back to our daily lives.
I feel that I learned two __14__ lessons from this experience. The first thing was to be strong in __15__ times and the second was to __16__ my mom. I learned to be strong by watching my dad throughout his __17__. Looking back on the experience, I do believe that I __18__ my strength by holding myself together and helping my mom deal with the pain. My poor mom was really broken at this point and she needed __19__. I provided this by helping around the house and offering hugs when needed. Out of tragedy comes learning and __20__. I became a strong person and I hope my dad is proud of me.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲身患癌症后依然坚强面对生活，失去父亲之后作者也变得成熟且坚强。
1．A.start　　　　　　　　 B．shock
C．trick D．favor
B　解析：根据语境可知，父亲被诊断出患有癌症对作者一家人来说是个打击(shock)。
2．A.waited B．suffered
C．survived D．fought
D　解析：作者的父亲坚强面对疾病，奋战(fought)到了最后。
3．A.save B．change
C．follow D．understand
A　解析：父亲看了许多医生，他们有不同的方法来挽救(save)父亲的生命。
4．A.Suddenly B．Secretly
C．Luckily D．Disappointedly
C　解析：幸运的是(Luckily)，经过一番治疗后父亲的癌症有所好转。
5．A.ever B．still
C．also D．even
B　解析：一小部分肿瘤仍旧(still)留在父亲的身体里面并且最终复发了。
6．A.worked out B．came from
C．led to D．put off
C　解析：根据语境可知，癌症复发导致(led to)父亲需要频繁去医院和吃药。
7．A.pain B．regret
C．praise D．support
A　解析：联系上下文可知，癌症复发后父亲面临着痛苦(pain)。
8．A.crazy B．normal
C．surprising D．imperfect
B　解析：根据下文Dad would come to all my games, concerts, and events.可知，尽管父亲面临着痛苦，但他仍然表现得很正常(normal)。
9．A.courage B．anger
C．patience D．weakness
D　解析：父亲从不展露自己的软弱(weakness)，他每天都带着微笑。
10．A.discussing B．agreeing
C．joking D．struggling
C　解析：父亲最喜欢做的事就是用开玩笑(joking)的方式鼓舞“我们”，故选“joking”。
11．A.turned up B．gave up
C．set off D．paid off
B　解析：联系上下文可知，父亲的身体最终在与癌症的斗争中败下阵来，故选“gave up”。
12．A.nice B．false
C．common D．terrible
D　解析：对作者来说，之后的葬礼就像一场噩梦，故选“terrible”。
13．A.but B．so
C．for D．or
A　解析：之后的日子很黯淡，但(but)作者一家努力尝试着过回普通的生活。
14．A.simple B．valuable
C．complex D．strange
B　解析：根据语境可知，这段经历让作者得到了两个宝贵的(valuable)经验。
15．A.happy B．tough
C．peaceful D．dangerous
B　解析：作者学会的第一件事便是在艰难的(tough)时刻要保持坚强。
16．A.bring up B．pick up
C．take control of D．take care of
D　解析：根据下文helping my mom deal with the pain可知，作者还学会了要照顾(take care of)自己的母亲。
17．A.study B．battle
C．choice D．failure
B　解析：在目睹父亲与癌症的抗争(battle)过程中，作者学会了坚强。
18．A.judged B．considered
C．showed D．lost
C　解析：作者自己振作了起来并帮助母亲排解了痛苦，这显示了(showed)他的坚强。
19．A.time B．advice
C．freedom D．comfort
D　解析：作者在母亲伤心过度和需要安慰(comfort)的时候给了她帮助和拥抱。
20．A.growth B．success
C．teaching D．practice
A　解析：根据语境可知，这场悲剧给作者带来了学习和成长(growth)。
课件54张PPT。Unit 4　Global warmingwidespread averagecasualcircumstancerefreshelectricalexistenceadvocatecommitmentpollutiondisagreementgrowtheducatorcontribution节约的；经济的公顷外部的；外面的个人；个体单独的；个别的发动机容器；罐头微波炉；微波口号；标语标题on the wholeon behalf ofput up withso long asand so onturn upmake a differencecarry outhave little effect oninstead ofso long as you It takes a lot of energyare using itOn the whole/In a wordthink highly of the planan aboveRepresenting my whole familyOn behalf of my whole familyshould live a low-carbon lifemade a difference toput forwardputting upput upput up with/tolerateshould I abandonprotectingtoshould make some contributions toAs long as you keep practicingif necessary本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．The drug is effective but has a(n) tendency(倾向) to cause headaches.
2．The project has received widespread public support so it must be carried out.
3．The water is extremely cold and the lake’s average(平均的) water temperature is just 3℃.
4．If we can use recycled(可循环的) materials, we will cause less pollution to the earth.
5．The casual(随便的) dress is becoming more and more fashionable.
6．There’s a lot of disagreements(分歧) among politicians on this issue.
7．Mary felt a bit tired. She wanted to refresh(恢复) herself with a cool bath.
8．Everyone should make a contribution(贡献) to protecting the environment.
9．In his judgement, polluting industries should fight aga-inst carbon pollution(污染)．
10．As we all know, the growth(生长) of crops depends on sunlight.
选词填空
on the whole, on behalf of, come about, subscribe to, build up, go up, result in, be opposed to, even if, keep on
1．The police interviewed several witnesses, but none of them could tell how the accident came__about．
2．I don’t subscribe__to any weekly or monthly magazines.I buy some occasionally at bookstores.
3．With the temperature of the earth going__up,__the iceberg at the South Pole begins to melt.
4．Being a volunteer helped John build__up his sense of self-worth and added value to his life.
5．There was a big fire in a 24-story apartment building last night, resulting__in at least 100 deaths.
6．Advance warning, even__if it doesn’t prevent an outbreak, could at least reduce the loss of life.
7．Although no one was willing to give him money, the man kept__on playing the violin on the street.
8．At first, I was__opposed__to the plan put forward by Jack, but at last he managed to persuade me into accepting it.
9．On__the__whole,__the warmer a place is, the more types of plants and animals it will usually support.
10．On__behalf__of the entire company, I thank you for all your work.
完成句子
1．It__takes__skills__and__physical__strength(需要技巧和体力) to finish the task, so I think Jim is too young to do it.
2．You may use the room as__long__as(只要) you can keep it clean.
3．When__and__where__to__hold__the__meeting(在什么时间、什么地点举行会议) hasn’t been decided so far.
4．Together, individuals can make__a__difference(众人拾柴火焰高)．
5．I’d__appreciate__it__if(如果……我会很感激的) you could turn off the light. I’m sleepy.
6．The school sees its job as preparing students to make__a__contribution__to__society(为社会做出贡献)．
单句语法填空
1．The company gave us a presentation(present) on how the new system worked.
2．The two sides had disagreements(disagree) on this matter yesterday, so another talk will be held in a month.
3．The Belt and Road Initiative advocated by China will make great contributions(contribute) to the world development.
4．President Xi notes that under such circumstances(circumstance) it’s necessary to strengthen cooperation among countries.
5．The men were clearing all the pollution(pollute) off the shore.
6．The government is trying to limit population growth(grow)．
7．They sell all kinds of electrical(electricity) equipment and appliances.
8．The woman living next door is a well-known educator(educate)．
9．The universe is so magical a place that no one knows how it came into existence(exist) on earth.
10．There is a growing tendency(tend) towards having two children in our country.
阅读理解
A
Some people think asking for help is a sign of weakness, but the complete opposite is true. It takes strength to ask for help. It’s a hard thing to do. The truth is, there are more good people than bad. People truly want to help others. No one should ever have to be in that dark place.
I have a friend called Diane. Diane is one of the most positive people I have ever known. She is smart and funny, and by looking at her you would certainly think she had a perfect life. No one knew the terrible things she was dealing with. She never asked anyone for help when she was in great trouble. She thought that she would just be bothering(打搅) people if she told them the truth. She thought loneliness was her answer. She masked her loneliness, but one day she hit her breaking point.
Diane tried to take her life one morning. She was lucky, though. Someone found her before it was too late. People finally knew her problems and with their help she got rid of them. She once told me that her biggest regret was not reaching out to someone sooner. Diane has greatly changed. She’s become positive and is always ready to help others.
Diane and I have grown quite close. She has helped me battle my own problems. She is an example of what help looks like.
To anyone out there who feels they are alone, I hope you know you are not. Even if you feel the world is closing in on you, there are people who care—people who will surprise you in the best ways. The best thing about our technological world is how easily you can reach people. Don’t be afraid to ask for help. You are not alone.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过朋友的故事告诉我们：当我们需要帮助时，应该敢于向他人求助。
1．What does the author mean by saying “the complete opposite is true” in Paragraph 1?
A．Getting help from others is a great shame.
B．Asking for help shows great courage.
C．It takes bravery to offer help.
D．It is difficult to get help.
B　解析：句意理解题。根据第一段中的Some people think asking for help is a sign of weakness及 It takes strength to ask for help. It’s a hard thing to do.可知，作者是想表明：寻求帮助不是软弱的表现，相反，寻求帮助其实非常需要勇气。
2．Why did Diane refuse to ask for help at first?
A．She was very positive.
B．She had no one to turn to.
C．She considered help useless.
D．She feared to make trouble for others.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的She thought that she would just be bothering(打搅) people if she told them the truth.可知，Diane不向他人寻求帮助是因为她怕打扰别人。
3．What change did Diane show after being saved by people?
A．She turned her back on the author.
B．She masked her anger with a smile.
C．She thought highly of reaching out to others.
D．She has removed all her doubts about others.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的She once told me that her biggest regret was not reaching out to someone sooner...is always ready to help others.可推断，Diane现在认为向别人寻求帮助很重要。
4．What does the author think of our technological world today?
A．It makes people afraid of face-to-face conversation.
B．It makes communication between people easier.
C．It offers a variety of ways to care for others.
D．It is likely to make people feel lonely.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The best thing about our technological world is how easily you can reach people.可知，科技时代让人们更易接近彼此，促进了人们之间的交流。
B
In Scotland, 600，000 tonnes of food are thrown away every year. This amount of food, which could feed about 1.2 billion poor people, is almost a third of household(家庭的) waste. And food waste isn’t just a big problem in Scotland.
Money, time, and resources(资源) are often wasted by throwing away good food. It also causes very harmful greenhouse gas, which is perilous to the planet.
In the production stage, some foods do not enter the food chain for many reasons. Supermarkets usually care about the quality of food from farms. They often refuse strange-looking and unusually sized produce. However, they seem to forget that it is almost impossible to grow the perfect produce. Food waste at the consumption(消费) stage includes food going out of date and leftovers(剩饭) because of too much food. In households, even mostly fresh fruit and vegetables are thrown away.
In order to reduce food waste, here is what we can do：
Understand the terms “use by” and “best before” dates. “Use by” dates are there for your safety. It is dangerous to eat food after the use-by date and doing so risks your health. “Best before” dates tell you how long the food will be at its best quality. Once the food passes the date, it isn’t necessarily bad, but you should still check, just to be sure.
Every time you go shopping and bring back new food, put them at the back of your fridge and bring the food that will expire(到期) soon closer to the front. That way, you know what needs to be eaten first.
If you have any food that will expire soon, give it to charity if you aren’t going to eat it. They will really appreciate the food you have given.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了食物浪费是一个很普遍的问题，并告诉人们如何避免食物浪费。
5．What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A．Food waste is the biggest part of household waste.
B．Household waste hasn’t drawn much attention.
C．People in Scotland waste the most food.
D．Food waste is a common problem.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，食物浪费不仅是苏格兰的一大问题，食物浪费问题很普遍。
6．What does the underlined word “perilous” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Valuable.　　　　　　　 B．Dangerous.
C．Different. D．Unnecessary.
B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的It also causes very harmful greenhouse gas可知，食物浪费还会产生有害的温室气体，这对地球而言很“危险”。harmful在这里是提示。
7．What should people do to reduce food waste according to the text?
A．Pick usually sized produce.
B．Improve the quality of farm produce.
C．Order produce directly from farmers.
D．Avoid buying too much food at a time.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Food waste at the consumption(消费) stage...even mostly fresh fruit and vegetables are thrown away.可知，在食物消费环节，由于食物过剩导致新鲜水果和蔬菜被扔掉，所以如果人们每次购物时少买一点就可以避免浪费。
8．What advice does the author offer to people?
A．Buy food that will expire soon to reduce waste.
B．Place food carefully according to its expiry date.
C．Throw away food that passes the best-before date.
D．Give food that has passed its use-by date to charity.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Every time you go shopping and bring back new food...soon closer to the front.可知，每次购物回来都把快过期的食物放在前面，这样也可以避免浪费。
完形填空
In late 2013, my dad was diagnosed with cancer. The news was a __1__ to all of us, but my dad took it like a man and __2__ until the end. After his diagnosis, my dad visited many doctors with different opinions on how to __3__ him. He received several rounds of radiation and chemotherapy treatments. __4__， after all this, the tumor(肿瘤) started to become smaller. Sadly, a small part of it was __5__ there and it finally grew back. This __6__ more hospital visits and medicines.
Despite the __7__ my dad was facing, he still tried to act like everything was __8__. Dad would come to all my games, concerts, and events. He never showed his __9__ and started each day with a smile. One of his favorite things was to cheer us on by __10__ with us. Unfortunately, cancer finally took over. His body just __11__ and on August 11, 2017, we all said our final goodbyes to Dad. What followed was a funeral that felt like a __12__ dream. The days after this were dark, __13__ we had to try to go back to our daily lives.
I feel that I learned two __14__ lessons from this experience. The first thing was to be strong in __15__ times and the second was to __16__ my mom. I learned to be strong by watching my dad throughout his __17__. Looking back on the experience, I do believe that I __18__ my strength by holding myself together and helping my mom deal with the pain. My poor mom was really broken at this point and she needed __19__. I provided this by helping around the house and offering hugs when needed. Out of tragedy comes learning and __20__. I became a strong person and I hope my dad is proud of me.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者的父亲身患癌症后依然坚强面对生活，失去父亲之后作者也变得成熟且坚强。
1．A.start　　　　　　　　 B．shock
C．trick D．favor
B　解析：根据语境可知，父亲被诊断出患有癌症对作者一家人来说是个打击(shock)。
2．A.waited B．suffered
C．survived D．fought
D　解析：作者的父亲坚强面对疾病，奋战(fought)到了最后。
3．A.save B．change
C．follow D．understand
A　解析：父亲看了许多医生，他们有不同的方法来挽救(save)父亲的生命。
4．A.Suddenly B．Secretly
C．Luckily D．Disappointedly
C　解析：幸运的是(Luckily)，经过一番治疗后父亲的癌症有所好转。
5．A.ever B．still
C．also D．even
B　解析：一小部分肿瘤仍旧(still)留在父亲的身体里面并且最终复发了。
6．A.worked out B．came from
C．led to D．put off
C　解析：根据语境可知，癌症复发导致(led to)父亲需要频繁去医院和吃药。
7．A.pain B．regret
C．praise D．support
A　解析：联系上下文可知，癌症复发后父亲面临着痛苦(pain)。
8．A.crazy B．normal
C．surprising D．imperfect
B　解析：根据下文Dad would come to all my games, concerts, and events.可知，尽管父亲面临着痛苦，但他仍然表现得很正常(normal)。
9．A.courage B．anger
C．patience D．weakness
D　解析：父亲从不展露自己的软弱(weakness)，他每天都带着微笑。
10．A.discussing B．agreeing
C．joking D．struggling
C　解析：父亲最喜欢做的事就是用开玩笑(joking)的方式鼓舞“我们”，故选“joking”。
11．A.turned up B．gave up
C．set off D．paid off
B　解析：联系上下文可知，父亲的身体最终在与癌症的斗争中败下阵来，故选“gave up”。
12．A.nice B．false
C．common D．terrible
D　解析：对作者来说，之后的葬礼就像一场噩梦，故选“terrible”。
13．A.but B．so
C．for D．or
A　解析：之后的日子很黯淡，但(but)作者一家努力尝试着过回普通的生活。
14．A.simple B．valuable
C．complex D．strange
B　解析：根据语境可知，这段经历让作者得到了两个宝贵的(valuable)经验。
15．A.happy B．tough
C．peaceful D．dangerous
B　解析：作者学会的第一件事便是在艰难的(tough)时刻要保持坚强。
16．A.bring up B．pick up
C．take control of D．take care of
D　解析：根据下文helping my mom deal with the pain可知，作者还学会了要照顾(take care of)自己的母亲。
17．A.study B．battle
C．choice D．failure
B　解析：在目睹父亲与癌症的抗争(battle)过程中，作者学会了坚强。
18．A.judged B．considered
C．showed D．lost
C　解析：作者自己振作了起来并帮助母亲排解了痛苦，这显示了(showed)他的坚强。
19．A.time B．advice
C．freedom D．comfort
D　解析：作者在母亲伤心过度和需要安慰(comfort)的时候给了她帮助和拥抱。
20．A.growth B．success
C．teaching D．practice
A　解析：根据语境可知，这场悲剧给作者带来了学习和成长(growth)。
Section Ⅳ　Grammar
it的用法(Ⅱ)
1．(教材P26)There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity ____________ has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
答案：that
2．(教材P26)It was a scientist called Charles Keeling ____________ made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
答案：who
3．(教材P26)They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels ____________ has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
答案：that
4．(教材P29)It was during the 20th century ____________ the temperature of the earth went up about one degree Fahrenheit.
答案：that
　　　　　　强调句型
1．强调句型的构成
强调句型的结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分。It仅起引导词的作用，没有实际意义。强调句型的时态要根据原句的时态而定，即原句为过去的某种时态，强调句中就用was；原句为现在或将来的某种时态，强调句中就用is。
(1)强调主语
◆It was she that/who didn’t subscribe to your suggestion.
是她不同意你的建议的。
(2)强调宾语
◆It was Mary that/who I met yesterday.
我昨天遇见的是玛丽。
(3)强调状语
◆It was on Monday night that I heard a man let out a cry in the next door.
我是在周一的晚上听到隔壁房间有个男子发出了一声尖叫。(强调时间状语)
◆It was because she was afraid of darkness that she never went out alone at night.
她是因为怕黑才晚上从不一个人出门的。(强调原因状语)
◆It was in a different way that they played the game.
他们以一种不同的方式进行了这场比赛。(强调方式状语)
◆It was not until he came back that I knew the result.
直到他回来，我才知道结果。(强调not until引起的时间状语)
(1)强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用that，不能用when, where, why或how。
(2)强调原因状语从句时，只能是because引导的从句，不能是since, as或why引导的从句。
(3)对not...until...结构进行强调时，要用It is/was not until...that...这一固定句型。由于not已经前移，that后只能用肯定形式。
(4)强调主语时，that或who后的动词的人称和数的变化要与前面被强调的名词或代词一致。
It was I that/who was to blame.　该受责备的人是我。
2．强调句型的疑问句式
强调句型的一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋剩余部分？
强调句型的特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋剩余部分？
◆Was it yesterday that you met your old friend in the supermarket?
你是昨天在超市遇到你的老朋友的吗？
◆Who was it that knocked on the door just now?
刚才敲门的究竟是谁？
◆When was it that you lost your luggage?
你究竟什么时候丢的行李？
3．强调句型与定语从句的结合
句式特征为： 在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句，这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂。应特别注意不要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的that/who部分。
◆It was last Spring when they worked together that they began to become good friends. (when引导的定语从句)
他们是在一起工作的去年春天开始成了好朋友。
◆It was in the school where they had their schooling that they had a get-together again twenty years later. (where引导的定语从句)
二十年后，他们是在曾接受教育的学校里又聚在了一起。
【即时演练1】——用适当的关系词填空
①(2018·天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ____________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
答案：that
②It is how you handle each challenge ____________ counts.
答案：that
③It was in the school hall ____________ the tea party was held.
答案：that
④It was not until he got into trouble ____________ he realized that he shouldn’t have been addicted to smoking.
答案：that
　　　　　　it的习惯用法
1．it的习惯用语
◆I can’t help it.　我没有办法。
◆You got it！　你猜对了！/你答对了！
◆Thank you! I can manage it.　谢谢！我能行。
◆I hope we can make it.　我希望我们能成功。
2．it指代时间的常用句型
(1)It be＋时间段＋since...
◆It is a long time since he left here.
他离开这儿已有很长时间了。
◆It is five years since she graduated from college.
她大学毕业已经5年了。
(2)It be＋时间段＋before...
◆It may be many years before the situation improves.
这种状况或许要过很多年才能得到改善。
◆It was some time before I realized the truth.
过了一段时间我才了解到真相。
(3)It is time for sb.to do sth./that...
◆It is time for bed.　该睡觉了。
◆It is time for us to go to bed.
＝It is time that we went to bed.
＝It is time that we should go to bed.
我们该上床睡觉了。
(4)It is＋时间＋when ...“当……的时候；时间是……”，when 引导的是时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。试比较：
◆It was ten o’clock when we got home last night.
我们昨晚到家时十点钟了。(状语从句)
◆It was at ten o’clock that we got home last night. ( 强调句型)
我们昨晚是在十点钟到家的。
(5)It is/was＋the first/second...time＋that...
◆It was the second time that I had visited the Great Wall.
这是我第二次游览长城。
在句型It is/was the first/second...time that...中，当主句谓语动词是is时，从句用现在完成时；当主句谓语动词是was时，从句用过去完成时。
【即时演练2】——用适当的关系词填空
①It is five years ____________ my elder brother joined the army.
答案：since
②It was midnight ____________ she was woken up by a phone call.
答案：when
③It was at midnight ____________ she was woken up by a phone call.
答案：that
④It is the teacher’s praise ____________ contributes to my success.
答案：that
选词填空
1．Once you get into a bad habit, you will find it(one/it/this/that) difficult to give it up.
2．As(What/This/As/It) is known to us all, Taiwan belongs to China.
3．It(This/That/It/One) is reported that more and more adults take online lessons for further study.
4．Miss Li gave the bags to all the students except the__ones(the ones/ones/some/the others) who had already taken them.
5．It’s obvious that the water in the pot is hotter than that(one/it/this/that) in the cup.
6．She is very knowledgeable and modest, which(which/that/it/how) we all know.
单句改错
1．Lily said it was on the train to Shanghai where her purse was stolen.where→that
2．It was at ten o’clock in the morning which we got to the top of the mountain.which→that
3．Li Lin said it were two of his classmates that he met on the train to Beijing.where→was
4．It was in this beautiful village when I spent my childhood with my grandparents.when→that
5．This was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went downtown yesterday.This→It
6．It was only when I read the poem over and over again then I understood the feelings conveyed by the poet.then→that
7．It was because of the reasonable price why we decided to rent the house for a year.why→that
8．It was that he said that disappointed me.第一个that→what
句式升级：升级为强调句型
1．John first met his wife Catherine and fell in love with her at first sight on a train.(强调地点状语)
It__was__on__a__train__that__John__first__met__his__wife__Catherine__and__fell__in__love__with__her__at__first__sight.
2．I didn’t realize who he was until he took off his dark glasses and spoke to me.(强调not until...)
It__was__not__until__he__took__off__his__dark__glasses__and__spoke__to__me__that__I__realized__who__he__was.
3．Monica came across an old friend of hers in the street yesterday afternoon.(强调宾语)
It__was__an__old__friend__of__hers__who__Monica__came__across__in__the__street__yesterday__afternoon.
4．Andrew’s passing the college entrance exam makes his parents pleased and proud.(强调主语)
It__was__Andrew’s__passing__the__college__entrance__exam__that__makes__his__parents__pleased__and__proud.
5．Many students lose marks simply because they don’t read the questions properly.(强调原因状语)
It__is__simply__because__they__don’t__read__the__questions__properly__that__many__students__lose__marks.
语法与写作
1．我敢肯定，我昨晚在旅馆看到的是你妈妈。
I’m sure it__was__your__mother__that/who I saw at the hotel last night.
2．我真的不知道付了账之后我把我的钱包放在哪里了。
I really don’t know where__it__was__that I put my wallet after I paid the bill.
3．他认为向我求助是理所当然的。(take it for granted that...)
He__takes__it__for__granted__that__he__should__turn__to__me__for__help.
4．我每天早上都跑步。(make it a rule to do sth.)
I__make__it__a__rule__to__run__every__morning.
5．我认为保护环境是我们的责任。(consider it one’s duty to do sth.)
I__consider__it__our__duty__to__protect__the__environment.
6．众所周知，我们从太阳得到光和热。
As we all know, it__is from the sun that we get light and heat.
单句语法填空
1．It was his mother who taught him to play the piano when he was a child.
2．It was because of the unexpected storm that we were forced to stay in the hotel.
3．I wonder what it was that got my daughter involved in this campaign.
4．It was the scientist from China who/that gave the amazing speech to the audience yesterday afternoon.
5．It was his hard work rather than luck that made him what he is today.
6．How was it that Johnson managed to complete the difficult task?
7．(2019·安徽高二期中)It is how you handle each challenge that counts.
8．It was what he said at the meeting last night that made me angry.
9．It was not until I reached there that I began to know something about the matter.
10．It won’t be long before you regret for what you’ve done.
阅读理解
People tend to treat anger as something terrible and unacceptable. Many parents around the world teach their children to suppress(抑制) or ignore their anger. Intentionally or not, they show their children that feeling angry is wrong, and it is better to always look calm and balanced. However, that is not right. Anger plays an extremely important role in a person’s emotional health.
Anger can be effectively used to establish and defend your individual principle, personal space, sense of justice, beliefs, and so on. When another person somehow annoys you, one of the first emotions you normally experience is anger, along with the urge to fix an unpleasant situation or do something else to defend yourself. Generally, anger explains your readiness to face threat and gives you strength to do so. Therefore, when used with care, it is your best weapon(武器) for emergencies.
Anger can serve to cover some other emotions of yours if they are less appropriate. Sometimes, expressing fear is unacceptable, especially for men. For instance, masculinity and bravery are highly valued among men in some traditional cultures. So, covering fear with anger, acting aggressively remains a more appropriate choice for men. And this is an effective strategy, not just in terms of saving one’s reputation within a certain social group, but dealing with difficulties and overcoming barriers.
Anger is an extremely powerful emotion and it is not recommended to suppress or ignore it if it is not dangerous. A person who has been covering and hiding his or her anger cannot get rid of it, and the anger will still build up inside, finally resulting in violence as a response to a situation that does not require it. What you can do is express it in socially-acceptable ways in most circumstances.
Therefore, anger itself is not a bad thing. And it is important to learn how to manage anger, express it in a non-violent way, and redirect it in constructive directions. So, do not ignore your anger. You should face it, accept it, and learn how to deal with it.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。作者认为愤怒不是一件坏事，人们应该学会如何管理我们愤怒的情绪及如何温和地表达愤怒。
1．According to Paragraph 1, we know that ________．
A．children often ignore their anger
B．people usually misunderstand anger
C．anger indicates a person’s bad temper
D．parents always treat their children seriously
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，人们经常认为愤怒是不好的情绪，许多父母还教孩子要抑制愤怒的情绪，这其实是一种误解，愤怒对一个人的情绪健康是非常重要的。
2．Why can anger be your best weapon for emergencies?
A．It makes you look like a strong person.
B．It gives you strength to face difficulties.
C．It helps you get rid of outside interruption.
D．It is useful for fixing an unpleasant situation.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的Generally, anger explains your readiness to face threat and gives you strength to do so.可知，愤怒有时会给予你力量去面对困难。
3．What is the author’s advice about dealing with anger?
A．Present anger in a peaceful manner.
B．Cover anger if it is not appropriate.
C．Face and accept the anger of others bravely.
D．Do not fight against anger under any situation.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的express it in socially-acceptable ways in most circumstances以及最后一段的express it in a non-violent way可知，作者认为，我们应该以一种能接受的、非暴力的方式去表达愤怒。
4．What is the author’s attitude towards anger?
A．Indifferent.
B．Critical.
C．Supportive.
D．Objective.
D　解析：观点态度题。根据全文内容尤其是when used with care及anger itself is not a bad thing等句子可知，作者对愤怒的情绪是持客观态度的。
七选五
A motivation presentation is a presentation that attempts to change people’s attitudes and behavior, rather than only communicating specific information. It requires the speaker to show his or her own motivation and engage(吸引住) the audience. 1.________．
Given the subject, it is important to make a good impression when giving a motivation presentation. 2.________ If he stumbles(结巴) over words due to lack of preparation, and doesn’t convey enthusiasm about the presentation, the audience will not be engaged.
The presentation should be as relevant to the audience as possible. It’s better to tailor examples to the audience’s line of work. For example, junior staff likely won’t respond too well if the whole focus is on the company’s profits. 3.________ For example, the speaker needs to explain how working smarter can reduce stress.
The presenter shouldn’t be afraid to interact(互动) with the audience. 4.________ Asking for examples and ideas during the speech will get people thinking more about the presentation and how it relates to their own lives and work.
5．________ Some may be enthusiastic while others will be more critical. This is often because of the mindset people have. The speaker can try to handle this by being more conversational, using humor and otherwise engaging the audience in a comfortable and more casual way.
A．In this way it feels more like an event than a lecture.
B．There are many techniques that can achieve this goal.
C．Maybe they’d rather hear how to increase their income.
D．Instead, the speaker may need to concentrate on feelings.
E．The speaker should be energetic, confident and enthusiastic.
F．A good impression can really contribute to the presentation.
G．The audience will have different attitudes to the motivation presentation.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍如何做激励型演讲。
1．B　解析：此空设于段尾，是一个过渡句。设空处引起下文，下文开始介绍做好激励型演讲的一些技巧。
2．E　解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在解释关系。上文提到演讲者应该给人留下一个好印象，设空处则解释“好印象”：精力充沛的、自信的和热情的。
3．D　解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在转折关系，设空处说明演讲者要把着重点放在听众的情感上。
4．A　解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系，设空中提到的In this way指代上文提到的interact(互动) with the audience。
5．G　解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主旨句。本段主要讲观众会对激励型演讲持不同的态度。
语法填空
The Great Barrier Reef is one of Earth’s greatest 1.____________(nature) wonders. It’s the largest system of coral reefs(珊瑚礁) in the world. The colorful underwater habitat provides food and shelter to many sea animals. But in 2016, scientists flying over the reef 2.____________(shock) by what they saw.
“Where you expected 3.____________(see) colorful healthy corals, what you saw was just white，” says scientist Mark Eakin.
What the scientists saw is a condition called coral bleaching(珊瑚白化)．It’s a warning sign that the reef is 4. serious trouble. Experts say 5.____________ is rising ocean temperatures that are mostly to blame.
Coral reefs look like plants, but they’re 6.____________(actual) tiny animals that live together in huge groups. Corals get their nutrients from tiny plant-like living things called algae(海藻). The algae live inside corals and give 7.____________(they) their color. But when the ocean gets too warm, corals release the algae. As 8.____________ result, the corals get bleached white. Scientists say that bleaching is becoming more widespread as oceans get warmer. Some corals can recover from bleaching as the water 9.____________(cool) in winter, but that is getting less likely as winter ocean temperatures rise too.
Reefs worldwide suffer from 10.____________(pollute), overfishing, and other dangers, but scientists say climate change is the biggest threat. They predict that nearly 90 percent of all reefs will disappear by 2050.
1．natural　解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰wonders，故填natural(自然的)。
2．were shocked　解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语scientists与shock之间是被动关系，且由时间状语in 2016可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，故填were shocked。
3．to see　解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。expect to do sth.意为“期望做某事”。
4．in　解析：考查介词。in trouble意为“处于困境中，有麻烦”。
5．it　解析：考查it的用法。设空处所在句是强调句型，强调rising ocean temperatures，故填it。
6．actually　解析：考查副词。设空处修饰系动词are，故填actually。
7．them　解析：考查代词。设空处作宾语，指代前面的corals，故填them。
8．a　解析：考查不定冠词。as a result意为“结果”。
9．cools　解析：考查一般现在时。设空处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填cools。
10．pollution　解析：考查名词。设空处与overfishing以及other dangers并列作from的宾语，故填名词pollution。
短文改错
One day, my friend and I were returned to our classroom after lunch. A boy blocked our way and asked shy whether we could lend her some money for lunch. Without hesitation, we gave him our change. After he walked away, we realized that some kid didn’t have lunch money. So we decided to collecting some for them. The next day we told our teacher our plan and she agrees. The next two weeks we both did much work. We expected for $200. But finally we got $938! We gave $800 to eight kids but the rest to the boy who had given us inspiration. We were delight that our small action made difference.
答案：
One day, my friend and I were to our classroom after lunch. A boy blocked our way and asked whether we could lend some money for lunch. Without hesitation, we gave him our change. After he walked away, we realized that some didn’t have lunch money. So we decided to some for them. The next day we told our teacher our plan and she . The next two weeks we both did much work. We expected $200. But finally we got $938! We gave $800 to eight kids the rest to the boy who had given us inspiration. We were that our small action made difference.
课件31张PPT。Unit 4　Global warming强调句型it的习惯用法itAsItthe onesthatwhichwhere→thatwhich→thatwhere→waswhen→thatThis→Itthen→thatwhy→that第一个that→whatit was your mother that/whowhere it was thatHe takes it for granted that he should turn to me for help.I make it a rule to run every morning.I consider it our duty to protect the environment.it isthat本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．It was his mother who taught him to play the piano when he was a child.
2．It was because of the unexpected storm that we were forced to stay in the hotel.
3．I wonder what it was that got my daughter involved in this campaign.
4．It was the scientist from China who/that gave the amazing speech to the audience yesterday afternoon.
5．It was his hard work rather than luck that made him what he is today.
6．How was it that Johnson managed to complete the difficult task?
7．(2019·安徽高二期中)It is how you handle each challenge that counts.
8．It was what he said at the meeting last night that made me angry.
9．It was not until I reached there that I began to know something about the matter.
10．It won’t be long before you regret for what you’ve done.
阅读理解
People tend to treat anger as something terrible and unacceptable. Many parents around the world teach their children to suppress(抑制) or ignore their anger. Intentionally or not, they show their children that feeling angry is wrong, and it is better to always look calm and balanced. However, that is not right. Anger plays an extremely important role in a person’s emotional health.
Anger can be effectively used to establish and defend your individual principle, personal space, sense of justice, beliefs, and so on. When another person somehow annoys you, one of the first emotions you normally experience is anger, along with the urge to fix an unpleasant situation or do something else to defend yourself. Generally, anger explains your readiness to face threat and gives you strength to do so. Therefore, when used with care, it is your best weapon(武器) for emergencies.
Anger can serve to cover some other emotions of yours if they are less appropriate. Sometimes, expressing fear is unacceptable, especially for men. For instance, masculinity and bravery are highly valued among men in some traditional cultures. So, covering fear with anger, acting aggressively remains a more appropriate choice for men. And this is an effective strategy, not just in terms of saving one’s reputation within a certain social group, but dealing with difficulties and overcoming barriers.
Anger is an extremely powerful emotion and it is not recommended to suppress or ignore it if it is not dangerous. A person who has been covering and hiding his or her anger cannot get rid of it, and the anger will still build up inside, finally resulting in violence as a response to a situation that does not require it. What you can do is express it in socially-acceptable ways in most circumstances.
Therefore, anger itself is not a bad thing. And it is important to learn how to manage anger, express it in a non-violent way, and redirect it in constructive directions. So, do not ignore your anger. You should face it, accept it, and learn how to deal with it.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。作者认为愤怒不是一件坏事，人们应该学会如何管理我们愤怒的情绪及如何温和地表达愤怒。
1．According to Paragraph 1, we know that ________．
A．children often ignore their anger
B．people usually misunderstand anger
C．anger indicates a person’s bad temper
D．parents always treat their children seriously
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，人们经常认为愤怒是不好的情绪，许多父母还教孩子要抑制愤怒的情绪，这其实是一种误解，愤怒对一个人的情绪健康是非常重要的。
2．Why can anger be your best weapon for emergencies?
A．It makes you look like a strong person.
B．It gives you strength to face difficulties.
C．It helps you get rid of outside interruption.
D．It is useful for fixing an unpleasant situation.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的Generally, anger explains your readiness to face threat and gives you strength to do so.可知，愤怒有时会给予你力量去面对困难。
3．What is the author’s advice about dealing with anger?
A．Present anger in a peaceful manner.
B．Cover anger if it is not appropriate.
C．Face and accept the anger of others bravely.
D．Do not fight against anger under any situation.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的express it in socially-acceptable ways in most circumstances以及最后一段的express it in a non-violent way可知，作者认为，我们应该以一种能接受的、非暴力的方式去表达愤怒。
4．What is the author’s attitude towards anger?
A．Indifferent.
B．Critical.
C．Supportive.
D．Objective.
D　解析：观点态度题。根据全文内容尤其是when used with care及anger itself is not a bad thing等句子可知，作者对愤怒的情绪是持客观态度的。
七选五
A motivation presentation is a presentation that attempts to change people’s attitudes and behavior, rather than only communicating specific information. It requires the speaker to show his or her own motivation and engage(吸引住) the audience. 1.________．
Given the subject, it is important to make a good impression when giving a motivation presentation. 2.________ If he stumbles(结巴) over words due to lack of preparation, and doesn’t convey enthusiasm about the presentation, the audience will not be engaged.
The presentation should be as relevant to the audience as possible. It’s better to tailor examples to the audience’s line of work. For example, junior staff likely won’t respond too well if the whole focus is on the company’s profits. 3.________ For example, the speaker needs to explain how working smarter can reduce stress.
The presenter shouldn’t be afraid to interact(互动) with the audience. 4.________ Asking for examples and ideas during the speech will get people thinking more about the presentation and how it relates to their own lives and work.
5．________ Some may be enthusiastic while others will be more critical. This is often because of the mindset people have. The speaker can try to handle this by being more conversational, using humor and otherwise engaging the audience in a comfortable and more casual way.
A．In this way it feels more like an event than a lecture.
B．There are many techniques that can achieve this goal.
C．Maybe they’d rather hear how to increase their income.
D．Instead, the speaker may need to concentrate on feelings.
E．The speaker should be energetic, confident and enthusiastic.
F．A good impression can really contribute to the presentation.
G．The audience will have different attitudes to the motivation presentation.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍如何做激励型演讲。
1．B　解析：此空设于段尾，是一个过渡句。设空处引起下文，下文开始介绍做好激励型演讲的一些技巧。
2．E　解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在解释关系。上文提到演讲者应该给人留下一个好印象，设空处则解释“好印象”：精力充沛的、自信的和热情的。
3．D　解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在转折关系，设空处说明演讲者要把着重点放在听众的情感上。
4．A　解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系，设空中提到的In this way指代上文提到的interact(互动) with the audience。
5．G　解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主旨句。本段主要讲观众会对激励型演讲持不同的态度。
语法填空
The Great Barrier Reef is one of Earth’s greatest 1.____________(nature) wonders. It’s the largest system of coral reefs(珊瑚礁) in the world. The colorful underwater habitat provides food and shelter to many sea animals. But in 2016, scientists flying over the reef 2.____________(shock) by what they saw.
“Where you expected 3.____________(see) colorful healthy corals, what you saw was just white，” says scientist Mark Eakin.
What the scientists saw is a condition called coral bleaching(珊瑚白化)．It’s a warning sign that the reef is 4. serious trouble. Experts say 5.____________ is rising ocean temperatures that are mostly to blame.
Coral reefs look like plants, but they’re 6.____________(actual) tiny animals that live together in huge groups. Corals get their nutrients from tiny plant-like living things called algae(海藻). The algae live inside corals and give 7.____________(they) their color. But when the ocean gets too warm, corals release the algae. As 8.____________ result, the corals get bleached white. Scientists say that bleaching is becoming more widespread as oceans get warmer. Some corals can recover from bleaching as the water 9.____________(cool) in winter, but that is getting less likely as winter ocean temperatures rise too.
Reefs worldwide suffer from 10.____________(pollute), overfishing, and other dangers, but scientists say climate change is the biggest threat. They predict that nearly 90 percent of all reefs will disappear by 2050.
1．natural　解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰wonders，故填natural(自然的)。
2．were shocked　解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语scientists与shock之间是被动关系，且由时间状语in 2016可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，故填were shocked。
3．to see　解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。expect to do sth.意为“期望做某事”。
4．in　解析：考查介词。in trouble意为“处于困境中，有麻烦”。
5．it　解析：考查it的用法。设空处所在句是强调句型，强调rising ocean temperatures，故填it。
6．actually　解析：考查副词。设空处修饰系动词are，故填actually。
7．them　解析：考查代词。设空处作宾语，指代前面的corals，故填them。
8．a　解析：考查不定冠词。as a result意为“结果”。
9．cools　解析：考查一般现在时。设空处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填cools。
10．pollution　解析：考查名词。设空处与overfishing以及other dangers并列作from的宾语，故填名词pollution。
短文改错
One day, my friend and I were returned to our classroom after lunch. A boy blocked our way and asked shy whether we could lend her some money for lunch. Without hesitation, we gave him our change. After he walked away, we realized that some kid didn’t have lunch money. So we decided to collecting some for them. The next day we told our teacher our plan and she agrees. The next two weeks we both did much work. We expected for $200. But finally we got $938! We gave $800 to eight kids but the rest to the boy who had given us inspiration. We were delight that our small action made difference.
答案：
One day, my friend and I were to our classroom after lunch. A boy blocked our way and asked whether we could lend some money for lunch. Without hesitation, we gave him our change. After he walked away, we realized that some didn’t have lunch money. So we decided to some for them. The next day we told our teacher our plan and she . The next two weeks we both did much work. We expected $200. But finally we got $938! We gave $800 to eight kids the rest to the boy who had given us inspiration. We were that our small action made difference.
Section Ⅴ　Writing
环境问题
文体感知
环境问题多为提纲式作文或图表式作文，就某一社会问题或现象进行解释，并加以评论。体裁一般为说明文。
明确文章的结构。第一段，呈现问题或现象；第二段，解释或阐述这种问题或现象存在的原因；第三段，提出建议或解决方法。
增分佳句
1．As far as I am concerned, it is a good solution.
在我看来，这是一个解决问题的好办法。
2．What’s more, it is a good way for us to do it and it is beneficial to our environment.
更重要的是，我们做这件事是个好办法，这对我们的环境是有好处的。
3．Therefore, let’s do something to build up our bodies.
因此，为了强身健体，让咱们行动起来吧。
4．Only in this way can we do it better.
只有这样，我们才能把它做得更好。
写作模板
I’m ________(姓名) from ________(地点). The topic of my speech is ________．(引出话题)
As is known to all, with the improvement of ________， ________ has become popular, bringing ________ to our life. However, they have also caused ________ such as ________．(呈现问题或现象)
How can we solve these problems then? As far as I am concerned, ________ is a good solution. For one thing, ________．(理由一) For another, ________ because ________．(理由二) What’s more, ________ is a good way for us to ________ and it is beneficial to ________．(理由三)(解释或阐述问题或现象存在的原因)
Therefore, let’s ________ to build up ________ by ________. Only in this way can we do it better.(倒装句提升句式) Come on and join us.(提出建议或解决办法)
写作要求
(2019·广州高二期中)假设你是星光中学的李华，将参加主题为“Let’s Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份100词左右的演讲稿，主要内容包括：
1．目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；
2．骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利于健康等；
3．号召大家骑自行车，过低碳生活。
参考词汇：低碳生活low-carbon life；节能的energy-saving
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．主题　　　　　　　　　　　 opic
2．演讲 peech
3．方便 onvenience
4．方法 olution
5．环保的 nvironmentally-friendly
6．有益的 eneficial
7．随着……发展 ith__the__development__of
8．众所周知 s__is__known__to__all
9．就我个人而言 s__far__as__I’m__concerned
10．只有用这种方式我们才…… nly__in__this__way__can__we...
遣词造句
1. 完成句子
①众所周知，随着人们生活水平的不断提高，汽车已经成为最流行的交通工具。
As is known to all, with__the__improvement__of people’s living standards, cars have become the most popular means of transport.
②汽车的使用已经给我们的生活带来了极大的方便。
Using cars has__brought great convenience to our life.
③自行车非常环保。
Bicycles are very environmentally-friendly．
④自行车不会排放废气。
Bicycles won’t give__off waste gas.
⑤骑自行车是很好的锻炼方式。
Riding bicycles is__a__good__way for us to exercise.
⑥骑自行车有益于我们的身体健康。
Riding bicycles is__beneficial__to our health.
2．句式升级
⑦用非谓语动词形式合并①、②。
As__is__known__to__all,__with__the__improvement__of__people’s__living__standards,__cars__have__become__the__most__popular__means__of__transport,__bringing__great__convenience__to__our__life.
⑧用because合并③、④。
Bicycles__are__very__environmentally-friendly__because____they__won’t__give__off__waste__gas.
⑨用and合并⑤、⑥。
Riding__bicycles__is__a__good__way__for__us__to__exercise__and__it__is__beneficial__to__our__health.
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
Good morning, everyone，
I’m Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School. The topic of my speech is “Let’s Ride Bicycles”．
As is known to all, with the improvement of people’s living standards, cars have become the most popular means of transport, bringing great convenience to our life. However, they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.
How can we solve these problems then? As far as I am concerned, riding bicycles is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles don’t need any petrol and they are environmentally-friendly because they won’t give off waste gas. What’s more, riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.
Therefore, let’s take the responsibility to build up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles. Only in this way can we do it better. Come on and join us.
Thank you!
假设你校将举办以“践行低碳生活，共创美好家园”为主题的环保宣传活动，请你代表英语俱乐部给全校学生用英语写一份倡议书。内容包括：
1．全球变暖的影响；
2．如何践行低碳生活。
注意：1.词数100左右(标题、称呼以及落款已给出，但不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Time to Live a Low-carbon Life
and Create a Better World
Dear fellow students，
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The English Club
One possible version：
Time to Live a Low-carbon Life
and Create a Better World
Dear__fellow__students，
Our earth is getting warmer. It is causing terrible climate changes, a rise in sea levels and the disappearance of species! However, there are many small things we can do to change this situation.
First, we should walk or ride our bike if we can. Second, recycle bottles, plastic bags and newspapers. Buy things made from recycled materials. Third, turn off electronic devices. If you are not using the lights, the TV, and the computer, turn them off. In this way, you can save a lot of energy. Finally, educate others. Talk to friends, family and school teachers about global warming and call on them to help stop it.
Let’s start now and try our best to help stop global warming!
The__English__Club
课件22张PPT。Unit 4　Global warmingtopicspeechconveniencesolutionenvironmentally-friendlybeneficialwith the development ofas is known to allas far as I’m concernedonly in this way can we... with the improvement ofhas broughtenvironmentally-friendlygive off is a good way is beneficial to 本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.tend 　vi.趋向；易于；照顾　vt.照顾；护理
①Some scientists think that men’s body cells have a tendency(tend) to age more quickly than women’s.
②When I am tired, I tend to__make(make) some mistakes.
2.oppose　vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
Many citizens are opposed to pulling(pull) down the old building, because it dates back to the 16th century, which should be protected.
3.consequence　n．结果；后果；影响
①One of the worst consequences of smoking for a long time is that you may suffer lung cancer. Consequently,__you and your family will suffer a lot.(consequent)
②She studied hard, and as a consequence(consequent) she passed the examination.
4.range　n．种类；范围
There are a lot of jobs, ranging(range) from advertising sales to engineering.
5.average　adj.平均的
①The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the world’s highest plateau, averaging(average) over 4，000 metres above sea level.
②Tom is a top student, and he is above the average in his reading ability.
6.advocate　vt.拥护；提倡；主张
①Mary advocates banning(ban) the sharing of users’ personal information for the sake of safety.
②Animal activists advocate that the government should__set(set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.
7.pollution　n．污染；弄脏
①In order to keep rivers and lakes clean and prevent water from being__polluted(pollute), we must do something to protect them.
②They are thinking of ways to deal with air pollution(pollute).
8.refresh　vt.使恢复；使振作
①Exercise makes you feel refreshed(refresh). If you take regular exercise, you will stay happy and healthy.
②He refreshed(refresh) himself with a glass of orange juice after playing basketball for a while.
9.contribution　n．贡献
①Dr.Yuan deserves to be given the award for his great contributions(contribute) to agriculture.
②They have contributed(contribute) a lot of food and clothing to the refugees so far.
10.growth　n．增长；生长
Different teachers make different contributions to a student’s growth(grow).
阅读词汇排查练
1.renewable adj. 　能再生的；可更新的
2.graph n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图
3.catastrophe n. 大灾难；浩劫
4.drought n. 旱灾；干旱
5.famine n. 饥荒
6.environmental adj. 环境的
7.environmentalist n. 环境保护论者
8.economical adj. 节约的；经济的
9.hectare n．　 　公顷
10.phenomenon(复数-ena) n.
　　　 　　 现象
11.random adj. 胡乱的；任意的
12.consume vt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完
13.commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉
14.outer adj.　　外部的；外面的
15.individual n. 个人；个体
adj. 单独的；个别的
16.motor n. 发动机
17.can n. 容器；罐头
18.microwave n. 微波炉；微波
19.slogan n. 口号；标语
20.heading n. 标题
重点短语
会书写
会应用
1.come__about　　 　　发生；造成
2.subscribe__to 同意；赞成；订购
3.quantities__of 大量的
4.go__up 上升；增长；升起
5.result__in 导致
6.be__opposed__to 反对……
7.even__if 即使
8.keep__on 继续
9.on__the__whole 大体上；基本上
10.on__behalf__of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
11.put__up__with 忍受；容忍
12.so__long__as 只要
13.and__so__on 等等
1.What I can’t put__up__with is that he never cares about others’ feelings.
2.I still subscribe__to the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.
3.With the housing price going__up,__more and more people advocate the government take more strict measures to bring down it.
4.Up to now, large quantities__of food have been sent to Africa to save the starving people.
5.How did it come__about that you were late for the end-of-term examination this afternoon.
6.On__the__whole,__it is a good thing to study abroad, but one must not lose sight of the disadvantages.
7.I’m greatly honored to put on performance here on__behalf__of my school.
重点句型
1.There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句
(2017·北京卷)毫无疑问，沿着长江的旅行将是一个更好的选择。
There__is__no__doubt__that the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
2.even if引导让步状语从句
尽管我们都尽最大的努力去说服Dean，但是他依然拒绝参加这场比赛。
Dean still refused to join in the game, even__if/though__we__all__did__our__best__to__persuade__him.
3.so/as long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句
只要你全身心地投入到学习之中，你就一定会取得进步。
As__long__as__you__devote__yourself__to__your__study,__you’re sure to make progress.
4.状语从句的省略
当博物馆建成之后，将于明年向公众开放。
When__completed,__the museum will be open to the public next year.
单元语法
1．I think it a pity that you didn’t come to the concert last Sunday.
2．It was not until recently that the problem was solved.
3．I was just wondering what it was that made Tim feel so hopeless.
4．He was so busy yesterday that it was not until late at night that he finished his work.
5．It is five months since my son went to America.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．现在许多青少年染上了吸烟的坏习惯。(quantity)
2．他们的年龄在13岁到16岁之间。(range from...to...)
3．这是怎么回事呢？(How...come about？)
4．一些青少年往往不听从父母的意见。(tend to; oppose)
5．他们认为有时候父母令人难以忍受。(put up with)
6．这就导致了他们不想跟父母交流。(result in)
7．我不同意他们的观点。(subscribe to)
8．毫无疑问，父母是最爱我们的人。(there is no doubt that...)
9．在任何情况下他们都不会抛弃我们。(circumstance)
10．只要多跟父母交流，我们就会互相更加理解。(as/so long as)
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One possible version：
Nowadays, quantities of teenagers have got into a bad habit of smoking whose ages range from 13 to 16.How did it come about? Some teenagers tend to oppose their parents’ ideas and think that sometimes their parents are hard to put up with, which results in their unwillingness to communicate with their parents.But I don’t subscribe to their opinion, because there is no doubt that our parents are the ones who love us most and under no circumstances will they abandon us.As/So long as we communicate more with our parents, we can understand each other better.
课件20张PPT。Unit 4　Global warmingtendencyto makepullingconsequences Consequentlyconsequencerangingaveragingabovebanningshould setbeing pollutedpollutionrefreshedrefreshedcontributionscontributedgrowth能再生的；可更新的图表；坐标图；曲线图大灾难；浩劫旱灾；干旱饥荒环境的环境保护论者节约的；经济的公顷现象胡乱的；任意的消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完承诺；交托；信奉外部的；外面的个人；个体单独的；个别的发动机容器；罐头微波炉；微波口号；标语标题come aboutsubscribe toquantities ofgo upresult inbe opposed toeven ifkeep onon the wholeon behalf ofput up withso long asand so onput up withsubscribe togoing upquantities of come aboutOn the wholeon behalf ofThere is no doubt thateven if/though we all did our best to persuade himAs long as you devote yourself to your studyWhen completeditthatthatthatsince本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放