2012年10月28日至30日，名为“桑迪(Sandy)”的飓风横扫美国东海岸，造成重大损失。在灾难面前有很多人挺身而出冒着危险营救了自己的邻居及陌生人。让我们来分享一位英雄舍己救人的经历吧！
An Inspiring Story in the Hurricane
On October 28, 2012, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast of America with record-setting flooding and devastating winds. Jack Buzzi, a hero in the hurricane, helped others in need.
When Jack Buzzi looked out of the window of his parents’ Jersey Shore home during the worst of the storm, he saw his neighbor’s house floating by. Part of the top floor broke off, and the rest of the house was in shambles. At the same time, Buzzi was on the phone with his friend Jack Ward, whose sister Kathey Ward, 60, owned the house. They feared that Kathey was in danger.
Buzzi hung up the phone, put on boots and a raincoat, and grabbed a flashlight and two life jackets.Buzzi waded(跋涉) through knee-high water toward
what remained of Kathey’s house. He tried to yell at Kathey, but she didn’t respond. He waded back home and called Jack again. Jack told him he had finally reached his sister on the phone. Buzzi headed back into the storm and found her standing on a thick flat piece of wood that had been part of a doorway on the second floor of her home. Buzzi gave her a life jacket and guided her to his house.
The next morning, Buzzi and Kathey used a kayak(皮划艇) to rescue Kathey’s sister Mary Ward and Mary’s boyfriend, Dave O’Hara, who had been trapped in the attic(阁楼) of Mary’s flooded house.
Paddling back from Mary’s house, Buzzi spotted local carpenter Nick Spino. “He had spent the night on his neighbor’s roof，” says Buzzi.
Despite a flooded basement, Buzzi let six neighbors stay with him until they evacuated(撤离) five days later. “It’s human nature, right？” he says. “We protect each other.”
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.wave n． 波浪；波涛
vi. 波动；起伏；挥手
2.hurricane n. 飓风；风暴
3.fountain vi.& vt. 泉水般地喷出或涌出n. 喷泉；源泉
4.potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能
adj. 可能的；潜在的
拓展词汇
5.appoint vt.任命；委派→appointment n．任命
6.absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地；完全地
7.erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
8.equipment n．设备；装备→equip vt.装备
9.evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计→evaluation n．估价
10.actual adj.实在的；实际的→actually adv.实际上
11.suit n．一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜→suitable adj.适宜的
阅读词汇
12.diagram n． 图解；图表；示意图
13.volcano n. 火山
14.ash n. 灰；灰末
15.questionnaire n． 问卷；调查表
16.database n. 数据库；资料库
17.molten adj. 熔化的；熔融的
重点短语
1.burn__to__the__ground 全部焚毁
2.make__one’s__way__ 前往
3.in__the__distance 在远方
4.as__well__as 和……一样，除……以外还……
5.compared__with/to 和……比起来
6.be__enthusiastic__about/over__sb./sth. 对某人/物充满热情
7.protect...from... 保护……免受……
8.be__suitable__for... 适合……
9.be__appointed__as... 被任命为……
10.share__sth.with__sb. 与某人分享某物
重点句型
1.be about to do...when...正要做……这时……
I__was__about__to__go__back__to__sleep__when(我刚要回去睡这时) suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
2.独立主格结构
The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this__being__my__first__experience(我第一次经历这样的事), I stayed at the top and watched them.
3.现在分词短语的完成式在句中作状语
Having__studied__volcanoes__now__for__many__years(从事火山研究多年了), I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
Fast-reading
Scan the text and then do the following exercises.
1．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．An eruption occurred in Hawaii.
B．A volcanologist’s job is exciting.
C．A volcanologist’s exciting job and his first sight of a volcano eruption.
D．The sight of an eruption is horrible.
答案：C
2．Match the main idea of each part.
Part 1(Paras.1－2) A．The reasons why the writer is enthusiastic about his job.
Part 2(Paras.3－4) B．What the writer’s job is and
the importance of his job.
Part 3(Para.5) C．The writer’s experience of
watching the volcano eruption.
答案：BCA
Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The writer doesn’t mind the occasional danger of his job because ________．
A．he travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over the world
B．he likes the different ways of working
C．he thinks his job is the most important
D．he is excited about danger and feels alive
2．What does the writer mean by using “lucky” in the sentence “I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it”？
A．He felt much safer on the top while the other two scientists climbed down into the crater.
B．It was his first sight of a volcano eruption.
C．It was the first time for him to watch the crater.
D．Both B and C.
3．As a result of the volcanologist’s job, ________．
A．he can help other scientists predict the progress of lava from the volcano
B．many people have been warned to leave their homes
C．the eruption causes less damage
D．the eruption may be prevented from breaking out
4．Why did the volcanologist run out of the house into the back garden?
A．Because his bed began shaking.
B．Because his bedroom suddenly became as bright as day.
C．Because he thought there was an earthquake in Hawaii.
D．Because he wanted to collect information about the eruption.
答案：1－4.DDAB
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句是The lava causes far more damage；that引导定语从句，修饰________且在从句中作________。
③because引导原因状语从句。
[翻译] 像波浪一样顺着山坡慢慢地往下流的熔岩所造成的损害要大得多，这是因为熔岩流经之地，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。
答案：lava；主语
2．I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.
①本句是一个由________连接的并列复合句。
②前一个分句包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句，when意为“就在这时，突然”。
③后一个分句是简单句，passing my window是动词-ing 形式短语作后置定语，修饰________。
[翻译] 我在熟睡中突然感到床在摇晃，并且听到一种奇怪的声音，就像一列火车在我的窗外经过一样。
答案：and；train
3．The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
[翻译] 另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但是我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
答案：表转折；独立主格结构
①alongside[??l??'saId]
adv.在旁边；沿着边prep.在……旁边；
沿着……的边
②equipment[I'kwIpm?nt]n.设备；装备
③occasionally adv.偶尔；
有时候
④protect...from...保护……免受……
⑤appoint[?'p?Int]vt.任命；委派
⑥observatory[?b'z??v?trI；US
-t??rI]n.观象台；天文台；气象台
⑦database['deIt??beIs]n.数据库；资料库
⑧evaluate[I'v?lj?eIt]vt.
评估；评价；估计
⑨out of the way不挡路；
不碍事的
burn to the ground全部焚毁(文中使用的是其被动形式)
?wave[weIv]n.波浪；波涛 vi.波动；起伏；挥手
?molten['m??lt?n]adj.熔化的；熔融的
?be fast asleep熟睡
?fountain ['fa?ntIn；US-tn]vi.& vt.泉水般地喷出或涌出n.喷泉；源泉
?absolutely['?bs?lu?tlI；
?bs?'lu?tlI]adv.绝对地；完全地
absolute['?bs?lu?t]
adj.绝对的；完全的
?spaceman['speIsm?n]n.宇航员；航天专家
?suit[sju?t]n.一套外衣；
套装vt.适合；使适宜
?helmet['helmIt]n.头盔
?make one’s way前往
?be enthusiastic about...
对……热心
potential[p?'ten?l]n.潜在性；可能性；潜能
adj.可能的；潜在的
【核心素养链接】
1．处于地下深处的岩浆，在巨大的压力作用下，如果沿着地壳的中央喷出口或管道喷出，往往会形成火山，如我国长白山的主峰。火山由火山口和火山锥两部分组成。火山喷出口是地下岩浆上涌地表的出口。没有破坏的火山口是一个中央低凹的封闭洼地，有时候会积水形成湖泊，如我国的长白山天池。破坏后的火山口呈半封闭状态。火山锥是由火山碎屑物质和喷涌出来的岩浆在流动过程中堆积而成的锥形体。它一般由多次火山喷发形成，上部坡度较大，下部坡度较缓。火山分为“活火山”、“死火山”和“休眠火山”。
2．基拉韦厄火山是世界上最大的活火山之一，它位于美国夏威夷州夏威夷岛东南部。基拉韦厄为夏威夷火山国家公园内，呈细长形穹丘，由中心火山口及向东和向西南的裂缝或裂隙延伸的两行火山口喷出的熔岩组成。
AN EXCITING JOB
I have the greatest job in the world. I travel to unusual places and work alongside① people from all over the world. Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office, sometimes using scientific equipment ②and sometimes meeting local people and tourists, I am never bored. Although my job is occasionally③ dangerous, I don’t mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive. However, the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from④ one of the most powerful forces on earth—the volcano．
◆makes me feel alive为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
◆that引导表语从句，其在从句中无实际意义，但是不可省略。
I was appointed⑤ as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory⑥(HVO) twenty years ago. My job is collecting information for a database⑦ about Mount Kilauea, which is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii. Having collected and evaluated⑧ the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Our work has saved many lives because people in the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way⑨， and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground⑩.
◆working for...Observatory(HVO)为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a volcanologist。
◆Having collected and evaluated the information是现在分词短语的完成式，在句中作时间状语，表明该动作发生在主句的谓语动词表示的动作之前。
When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes less damage than you might imagine. This is because no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall．The lava that flows slowly like a wave? down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten? rock. However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. I was fast asleep? when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice. I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. I ran out of the house into the back garden where I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance. There had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining? hundreds of metres into the air. It was an absolutely? fantastic sight.
◆because引导表语从句；where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the top of Mount Kilauea。
◆本句是一个主从复合句。that flows...the mountain为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The lava；because在句中引导原因状语从句。
◆where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the back garden。
The day after this eruption I was lucky enough to have a much closer look at it. Two other scientists and I were driven up the mountain and dropped as close as possible to the crater that had been formed during the eruption. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before we went any closer. All three of us looked like spacemen?. We had white protective suits? that covered our whole body, helmets?， big boots and special gloves. It was not easy to walk in these suits, but we slowly made our way? to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, boiling centre. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
◆this being my first experience为独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。
Today, I am just as enthusiastic about? my job as the day I first started. Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
◆本句是一个简单句。现在分词短语的完成式Having studied volcanoes now for many years在句中作状语；as well as连接的两个并列成分作at的宾语；动词不定式短语to cause great damage作后置定语，修饰their potential。
一份令人兴奋的工作
我的工作是世界上最伟大的工作。我去不同寻常的地方，同来自世界各地的人一起工作。(我们)有时在室外工作，有时在办公室里工作，有时要用科学设备，有时要见当地的人们和游客，但我从来不感到厌烦。虽然我的工作偶尔也有危险，但是我并不介意，因为危险能使我感到兴奋并且让我充满活力。然而，关于我的工作，最重要的是，我保护普通人免受火山的威胁。而火山是世界上最具威力的事物之一。
二十年前，我被任命为一名到夏威夷火山观测站(HVO)工作的火山学家。我的工作是为一个数据库收集有关基拉韦厄火山的信息，这座火山是夏威夷最活跃的火山之一。收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。我们的工作救了许多人的生命，因为熔岩要流经的地方的人们会被提醒离开他们的家园。遗憾的是，我们不可能把他们的家搬离岩浆流经之路，因此许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽。
当滚烫的岩石从火山中喷出并撞回到地面时，它所造成的损害比你可能想象到的要小些。这是因为基拉韦厄火山山顶附近无人居住，而岩石正落在此处。像波浪一样顺着山坡慢慢地往下流的熔岩所造成的损害要大得多，这是因为熔岩流经之地，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。然而，看火山喷发的确很令人兴奋，我永远也忘不了第一次看见火山喷发时的情景。那是在我抵达夏威夷后的第二个星期。那天我辛辛苦苦地工作了一整天，很早就上床睡觉了。我在熟睡中突然感到床在摇晃，并且听到一种奇怪的声音，就像一列火车在我的窗外经过一样。因为在夏威夷已经经历过多次地震，(所以)我并不太在意。我刚要回去睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。我跑出房间，来到后花园，在那儿我能看见远处的基拉韦厄火山。火山从山的一侧喷发了，滚烫的红色熔岩喷向空中，有数百米高。可谓相当壮观！
就在这次火山喷发的第二天，我有幸进行了一次更近距离的观察。我和另外两位科学家开车上山，到最靠近这次喷发所形成的火山口的地方才下车。早先从观测站带来了特殊的衣服，我们穿上这些衣服之后才走近火山口。我们三个人看上去就像宇航员一样。我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，并戴着头盔和特制的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。穿着这些衣服走起路来实在不容易，但我们还是慢慢地往火山口的边缘走去，并且向下看到了红红的沸腾的中央。另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但是我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
今天，我还像刚开始工作时那样对我的工作充满热情。虽然现在已经从事火山研究多年了，但我仍然对火山的美丽景色以及它们那潜在的巨大的破坏力惊愕不已。
阅读理解
A
In sociology, consumption is about so much more than just taking in or using up resources. Humans consume to survive, but in today’s world, we also consume to amuse ourselves, and as a way to share time and experiences with others. We consume not only material goods but also services, experiences, information, and cultural products like art, music, film, and television.
Most of us spend our days consuming rather than producing goods. On any given day, one might travel to work by bus, train, or car; work in an office that requires electricity, gas, water, paper and a host of digital goods; pick up dry cleaning; purchase health products at a drug store; use purchased groceries to prepare dinner, and then spend the evening watching television, enjoying social media, or reading a book.
We often organize visits with others around the act of consuming, whether it be sitting down to eat a home-cooked meal as a family, taking in a movie with a date, or meeting friends for a shopping trip at the mall. In addition, we often use consumer goods to express our feelings for others through the practice of gift-giving.
Sociologists also see consumption as an important part of the process of forming and expressing both individual and group identities. In daily life, we choose consumer goods that we feel that they can say something about who we are. Our consumer choices are often meant to reflect our values and lifestyle, and in doing so, send visual signals to others about the kind of person we are.
But sociologists recognize that some troubling implications follow the centrality of consumption in social life. We often make assumptions(假设), without even realizing it, about a person’s character, social standing, values, and beliefs, or even their intelligence, based on how we understand their consumer practices.
Therefore, from the sociological perspective, there’s much more to consumption than meeting the eye. In fact, there’s so much to study about consumption that there’s a whole subfield(分支) dedicated to it: the sociology of consumption.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要从社会学角度介绍了消费的相关知识。
1．What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How to consume wisely.
B．Different forms of consumption.
C．Why do people consume goods.
D．The attitude of modern consumers.
B 解析：主旨大意题。第二段主要列举了我们在工作和生活中常见的不同消费形式。
2．According to Paragraph 3, consumption can________．
A．inspire people to work hard
B．prepare people for future success
C．increase our knowledge of resources
D．improve our relationships with others
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的．..eat a home-cooked meal as a family, taking in a movie with a date, or meeting friends...through the practice of gift-giving.可推断，消费有助于改善我们的人际关系。
3．Paragraph 4 implies that consumer choices________．
A．can be hard to change
B．show respect to the local culture
C．can reflect people’s personalities
D．influence brands’ marketing strategies
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的we choose consumer goods that we feel that they can say something about...the kind of person we are.可知，人们的消费选择反映了其性格特点。
4．According to the author, what’s the disadvantage of the centrality of consumption?
A．Many valuable materials are wasted.
B．There is a lack of professional quality.
C．People may value wealth over knowledge.
D．Some may judge people from their consumer choices.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的We often make assumptions(假设)．..about a person’s character, social standing...understand their consumer practices.可推断，人们会根据他人的消费选择来评判他人。
B
HOUSTON—A state of emergency has been declared in some southern US states on Sunday after severe weather, including tornadoes, which has been sweeping through the states since Saturday night and killed more than 40 people.
In Texas, Governor Greg Abbott made disaster declarations on Sunday for four counties—Dallas, Collin, Rockwall and Ellis—and warned that the number of victims could rise, according to local media reports.
“Texas is doing everything we can to help you piece your lives back together and deal with the challenges you are facing right now，” he said, adding the Lone Star state is still facing rain and the possibility for more tornadoes.
Eleven people died in the state after several tornadoes were reported in the Dallas area, causing substantial damage to homes and buildings and sending dozens to the hospital.
Most of the deaths being reported were caused by accidents as tornadoes blew the vehicles the victims were riding in off highways during the storms.
Powerful wind of up to 300 km per hour was recorded for the city of Garland.
Weather service officials said a tornado of that strength is very rare in a metropolitan(大城市的) area. In addition, powerful tornadoes usually hit in spring and summer but occur less frequently in winter.
In neighboring New Mexico state, Governor Susana Martinez declared a state of emergency on Sunday as people in the state dealt with the fallout(附带后果) of a crippling weekend snowstorm.
The hard-hitting storm system brought wind gusts of up to 80 km per hour and created snowdrifts in the 1.8-to 2.4-meter range in the eastern and southern portion of New Mexico.
New Mexico state troopers had responded to about 250 vehicular accidents in the previous 24 hours and crews were working around the clock on clearing roads and conducting any needed search-and-rescue operations.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲了由于恶劣天气，美国南部各州宣布进入紧急状态。
5．Why has a state of emergency been declared in some southern US states on Sunday?
A．Severe weather, including tornadoes, has been sweeping through the states since Saturday night and killed more than 40 people.
B．In Texas, Governor Greg Abbott made disaster declarations on Sunday for four counties.
C．Eleven people died in the state after several tornadoes were reported in the Dallas area.
D．Powerful wind of up to 300 km per hour was recorded for the city of Garland.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知答案。
6．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “substantial” in Paragraph 4?
A．a little B．a great deal of
C．nothing D．a few
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，龙卷风造成了严重的损坏。
7．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?
A．The Lone Star state is still facing rain and the possibility for more tornadoes.
B．In addition, powerful tornadoes usually hit in autumn and winter but occur less frequently in spring and summer.
C．In neighboring New Mexico state, Governor Susana Martinez declared a state of emergency on Sunday.
D．New Mexico state troopers had responded to about 250 vehicular accidents in the previous 24 hours.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第七段的In addition, powerful tornadoes usually hit in spring and summer but occur less frequently in winter.可知强龙卷风通常在春天和夏天发生，冬天不是很频繁，因此B项与原文不符。
完形填空
To anyone who isn’t British, the name of this day probably sounds a little strange. Red Nose Day is an event which takes place every other year. The __1__ of the day is to raise as much money as possible for Comic Relief, a charity which __2__ people in the UK and across Africa.
Across Britain, people are __3__ to do something funny for money. This could be colouring your hair red for the day, painting your face or __4__ a variety of fundraising(募捐) events. Many schools __5__ cake sales or have a non-uniform day to raise money. There are also bigger __6__ which you can take part in, such as “Dance-a-thon”. All of them are supported by different kinds of companies or organizations and the __7__ collected is put towards projects __8__ by Comic Relief. On Red Nose Day, there is a __9__ evening of entertainment on TV. Lots of television __10__ do a latest version(版本) for Comic Relief.
For me, the best bit about Red Nose Day is wearing the red nose. __11__ noses are designed each year. This year there are nine different noses—I feel quite __12__ that I won’t be able to buy one this year! Besides the __13__ red nose, people can also buy a lot of other __14__ to support Comic Relief, such as umbrellas, T-shirts and pens.
Comic Relief works with both __15__ and adults. In Africa, the charity works to improve the __16__ of life in local communities. It helps kids and teenagers to go to school, educates adults on the __17__ of HIV and AIDS and provides medicine to __18__ them from deadly illnesses. In the UK, Comic Relief works closely with disabled and elderly people to make sure they have __19__ rights and can get the facilities(设施) that they __20__．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从节日目的及主要活动等方面介绍了红鼻子慈善日。
1．A.goal B．end
C．message D．project
A 解析：根据下文中的to raise as much money as possible及do something funny for money和fundraising(募捐) events可知，红鼻子日的“目的(goal)”是为喜剧救济基金会募集善款，“帮助(helps)”英国和非洲的人们。在节日当天，人们被“鼓励(encouraged)”做一些有趣的事情来筹集善款。
2．A.attracts B．chooses
C．invites D．helps
D 解析：同上题。
3．A.forced B．guided
C．employed D．encouraged
D 解析：同上题。
4．A.going through B．getting involved in
C．taking over D．looking forward to
B 解析：根据前面的This could be colouring your hair red for the day, painting your face可知，人们可以“参与(getting involved in)”很多筹集善款的活动。
5．A.control B．require
C．hold D．limit
C 解析：根据后面的or have a non-uniform day to raise money可知，学校“举办(hold)”蛋糕义卖等活动筹集善款。
6．A.events B．meetings
C．sports D．discussions
A 解析：根据下文中的such as “Dance-a-thon”及All of them are supported by different kinds of companies or organizations可知，节日当天还有更大型的“活动(events)”，而且这些活动都是由不同的公司或组织赞助的，活动筹集到的“钱(money)”也会交给“管理(run)”这些活动的喜剧救济基金会。
7．A.food B．money
C．medicine D．information
B 解析：同上题。
8．A.run B．completed
C．allowed D．driven
A 解析：同上题。
9．A.similar B．strange
C．separate D．special
D 解析：根据后面的on TV及do a latest version(版本) for Comic Relief可知，节日当天电视上也会播放各种娱乐节目来度过这个“特别的(special)”夜晚，很多电视台也为喜剧救济基金会推出了最新版的“节目(programmes)”。
10．A.programmes B．advertisements
C．reports D．series
A 解析：同上题。
11．A.Big B．Flat
C．New D．Colourful
C 解析：根据后面的are designed each year及This year there are nine different noses可知，每年都会设计“新款的(New)”鼻子。
12．A.nervous B．sad
C．excited D．surprised
B 解析：根据后面的I won’t be able to buy one this year可知，作者因为不能买新鼻子而感到“难过(sad)”。
13．A.public B．official
C．boring D．traditional
D 解析：根据文中的Besides...people can also buy...及to support Comic Relief, such as umbrellas, T-shirts and pens可知，除了“传统的(traditional)”红鼻子以外，人们还可以购买很多其他的“产品(products)”来支持喜剧救济基金会。
14．A.products B．clothes
C．bags D．gifts
A 解析：同上题。
15．A.students B．visitors
C．children D．citizens
C 解析：根据下文中的It helps kids and teenagers to go to school，educates adults...可知，喜剧救济基金会致力于帮助“孩童(children)”和成年人。
16．A.course B．quality
C．form D．aspect
B 解析：根据文中的educates adults及provides medicine可知，喜剧救济基金会帮助当地的人们提高生活“质量(quality)”。为成年人提供“主题(subject)”为HIV和AIDS的教育，并提供药品“保护(protect)”他们免遭致命疾病的侵害。
17．A.fact B．meaning
C．introduction D．subject
D 解析：同上题。
18．A.prevent B．free
C．protect D．stop
C 解析：同上题。
19．A.general B．perfect
C．equal D．valuable
C 解析：根据文中的works closely with disabled and elderly people to make sure...及get the facilities(设施)可知，喜剧救济基金会救助残疾人和年长者，以保证他们享有“平等的(equal)”权利并使用他们“需要(need)”的设施。
20．A.afford B．need
C．share D．accept
B 解析：同上题。
课件50张PPT。Unit 5 The power of natureUnit 5 The power of natureUnit 5 The power of natureUnit 5 The power of natureUnit 5 The power of natureUnit 5 The power of natureUnit 5 The power of naturewavehurricanefountainpotentialappointabsoluteeruptequipmentevaluateactualsuit图解；图表；示意图火山灰；灰末问卷；调查表数据库；资料库熔化的；熔融的burn to the groundmake one’s wayin the distanceas well as compared with/tobe enthusiastic about/over sb./sth.protect...from...be suitable for...be appointed as...share sth.with sb.I was about to go back to sleep whenthis being my first experienceHaving studied volcanoes now for many years本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
阅读理解
A
In sociology, consumption is about so much more than just taking in or using up resources. Humans consume to survive, but in today’s world, we also consume to amuse ourselves, and as a way to share time and experiences with others. We consume not only material goods but also services, experiences, information, and cultural products like art, music, film, and television.
Most of us spend our days consuming rather than producing goods. On any given day, one might travel to work by bus, train, or car; work in an office that requires electricity, gas, water, paper and a host of digital goods; pick up dry cleaning; purchase health products at a drug store; use purchased groceries to prepare dinner, and then spend the evening watching television, enjoying social media, or reading a book.
We often organize visits with others around the act of consuming, whether it be sitting down to eat a home-cooked meal as a family, taking in a movie with a date, or meeting friends for a shopping trip at the mall. In addition, we often use consumer goods to express our feelings for others through the practice of gift-giving.
Sociologists also see consumption as an important part of the process of forming and expressing both individual and group identities. In daily life, we choose consumer goods that we feel that they can say something about who we are. Our consumer choices are often meant to reflect our values and lifestyle, and in doing so, send visual signals to others about the kind of person we are.
But sociologists recognize that some troubling implications follow the centrality of consumption in social life. We often make assumptions(假设), without even realizing it, about a person’s character, social standing, values, and beliefs, or even their intelligence, based on how we understand their consumer practices.
Therefore, from the sociological perspective, there’s much more to consumption than meeting the eye. In fact, there’s so much to study about consumption that there’s a whole subfield(分支) dedicated to it: the sociology of consumption.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要从社会学角度介绍了消费的相关知识。
1．What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．How to consume wisely.
B．Different forms of consumption.
C．Why do people consume goods.
D．The attitude of modern consumers.
B 解析：主旨大意题。第二段主要列举了我们在工作和生活中常见的不同消费形式。
2．According to Paragraph 3, consumption can________．
A．inspire people to work hard
B．prepare people for future success
C．increase our knowledge of resources
D．improve our relationships with others
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的．..eat a home-cooked meal as a family, taking in a movie with a date, or meeting friends...through the practice of gift-giving.可推断，消费有助于改善我们的人际关系。
3．Paragraph 4 implies that consumer choices________．
A．can be hard to change
B．show respect to the local culture
C．can reflect people’s personalities
D．influence brands’ marketing strategies
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的we choose consumer goods that we feel that they can say something about...the kind of person we are.可知，人们的消费选择反映了其性格特点。
4．According to the author, what’s the disadvantage of the centrality of consumption?
A．Many valuable materials are wasted.
B．There is a lack of professional quality.
C．People may value wealth over knowledge.
D．Some may judge people from their consumer choices.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的We often make assumptions(假设)．..about a person’s character, social standing...understand their consumer practices.可推断，人们会根据他人的消费选择来评判他人。
B
HOUSTON—A state of emergency has been declared in some southern US states on Sunday after severe weather, including tornadoes, which has been sweeping through the states since Saturday night and killed more than 40 people.
In Texas, Governor Greg Abbott made disaster declarations on Sunday for four counties—Dallas, Collin, Rockwall and Ellis—and warned that the number of victims could rise, according to local media reports.
“Texas is doing everything we can to help you piece your lives back together and deal with the challenges you are facing right now，” he said, adding the Lone Star state is still facing rain and the possibility for more tornadoes.
Eleven people died in the state after several tornadoes were reported in the Dallas area, causing substantial damage to homes and buildings and sending dozens to the hospital.
Most of the deaths being reported were caused by accidents as tornadoes blew the vehicles the victims were riding in off highways during the storms.
Powerful wind of up to 300 km per hour was recorded for the city of Garland.
Weather service officials said a tornado of that strength is very rare in a metropolitan(大城市的) area. In addition, powerful tornadoes usually hit in spring and summer but occur less frequently in winter.
In neighboring New Mexico state, Governor Susana Martinez declared a state of emergency on Sunday as people in the state dealt with the fallout(附带后果) of a crippling weekend snowstorm.
The hard-hitting storm system brought wind gusts of up to 80 km per hour and created snowdrifts in the 1.8-to 2.4-meter range in the eastern and southern portion of New Mexico.
New Mexico state troopers had responded to about 250 vehicular accidents in the previous 24 hours and crews were working around the clock on clearing roads and conducting any needed search-and-rescue operations.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲了由于恶劣天气，美国南部各州宣布进入紧急状态。
5．Why has a state of emergency been declared in some southern US states on Sunday?
A．Severe weather, including tornadoes, has been sweeping through the states since Saturday night and killed more than 40 people.
B．In Texas, Governor Greg Abbott made disaster declarations on Sunday for four counties.
C．Eleven people died in the state after several tornadoes were reported in the Dallas area.
D．Powerful wind of up to 300 km per hour was recorded for the city of Garland.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知答案。
6．What’s the possible meaning of the underlined word “substantial” in Paragraph 4?
A．a little B．a great deal of
C．nothing D．a few
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，龙卷风造成了严重的损坏。
7．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?
A．The Lone Star state is still facing rain and the possibility for more tornadoes.
B．In addition, powerful tornadoes usually hit in autumn and winter but occur less frequently in spring and summer.
C．In neighboring New Mexico state, Governor Susana Martinez declared a state of emergency on Sunday.
D．New Mexico state troopers had responded to about 250 vehicular accidents in the previous 24 hours.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第七段的In addition, powerful tornadoes usually hit in spring and summer but occur less frequently in winter.可知强龙卷风通常在春天和夏天发生，冬天不是很频繁，因此B项与原文不符。
完形填空
To anyone who isn’t British, the name of this day probably sounds a little strange. Red Nose Day is an event which takes place every other year. The __1__ of the day is to raise as much money as possible for Comic Relief, a charity which __2__ people in the UK and across Africa.
Across Britain, people are __3__ to do something funny for money. This could be colouring your hair red for the day, painting your face or __4__ a variety of fundraising(募捐) events. Many schools __5__ cake sales or have a non-uniform day to raise money. There are also bigger __6__ which you can take part in, such as “Dance-a-thon”. All of them are supported by different kinds of companies or organizations and the __7__ collected is put towards projects __8__ by Comic Relief. On Red Nose Day, there is a __9__ evening of entertainment on TV. Lots of television __10__ do a latest version(版本) for Comic Relief.
For me, the best bit about Red Nose Day is wearing the red nose. __11__ noses are designed each year. This year there are nine different noses—I feel quite __12__ that I won’t be able to buy one this year! Besides the __13__ red nose, people can also buy a lot of other __14__ to support Comic Relief, such as umbrellas, T-shirts and pens.
Comic Relief works with both __15__ and adults. In Africa, the charity works to improve the __16__ of life in local communities. It helps kids and teenagers to go to school, educates adults on the __17__ of HIV and AIDS and provides medicine to __18__ them from deadly illnesses. In the UK, Comic Relief works closely with disabled and elderly people to make sure they have __19__ rights and can get the facilities(设施) that they __20__．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从节日目的及主要活动等方面介绍了红鼻子慈善日。
1．A.goal B．end
C．message D．project
A 解析：根据下文中的to raise as much money as possible及do something funny for money和fundraising(募捐) events可知，红鼻子日的“目的(goal)”是为喜剧救济基金会募集善款，“帮助(helps)”英国和非洲的人们。在节日当天，人们被“鼓励(encouraged)”做一些有趣的事情来筹集善款。
2．A.attracts B．chooses
C．invites D．helps
D 解析：同上题。
3．A.forced B．guided
C．employed D．encouraged
D 解析：同上题。
4．A.going through B．getting involved in
C．taking over D．looking forward to
B 解析：根据前面的This could be colouring your hair red for the day, painting your face可知，人们可以“参与(getting involved in)”很多筹集善款的活动。
5．A.control B．require
C．hold D．limit
C 解析：根据后面的or have a non-uniform day to raise money可知，学校“举办(hold)”蛋糕义卖等活动筹集善款。
6．A.events B．meetings
C．sports D．discussions
A 解析：根据下文中的such as “Dance-a-thon”及All of them are supported by different kinds of companies or organizations可知，节日当天还有更大型的“活动(events)”，而且这些活动都是由不同的公司或组织赞助的，活动筹集到的“钱(money)”也会交给“管理(run)”这些活动的喜剧救济基金会。
7．A.food B．money
C．medicine D．information
B 解析：同上题。
8．A.run B．completed
C．allowed D．driven
A 解析：同上题。
9．A.similar B．strange
C．separate D．special
D 解析：根据后面的on TV及do a latest version(版本) for Comic Relief可知，节日当天电视上也会播放各种娱乐节目来度过这个“特别的(special)”夜晚，很多电视台也为喜剧救济基金会推出了最新版的“节目(programmes)”。
10．A.programmes B．advertisements
C．reports D．series
A 解析：同上题。
11．A.Big B．Flat
C．New D．Colourful
C 解析：根据后面的are designed each year及This year there are nine different noses可知，每年都会设计“新款的(New)”鼻子。
12．A.nervous B．sad
C．excited D．surprised
B 解析：根据后面的I won’t be able to buy one this year可知，作者因为不能买新鼻子而感到“难过(sad)”。
13．A.public B．official
C．boring D．traditional
D 解析：根据文中的Besides...people can also buy...及to support Comic Relief, such as umbrellas, T-shirts and pens可知，除了“传统的(traditional)”红鼻子以外，人们还可以购买很多其他的“产品(products)”来支持喜剧救济基金会。
14．A.products B．clothes
C．bags D．gifts
A 解析：同上题。
15．A.students B．visitors
C．children D．citizens
C 解析：根据下文中的It helps kids and teenagers to go to school，educates adults...可知，喜剧救济基金会致力于帮助“孩童(children)”和成年人。
16．A.course B．quality
C．form D．aspect
B 解析：根据文中的educates adults及provides medicine可知，喜剧救济基金会帮助当地的人们提高生活“质量(quality)”。为成年人提供“主题(subject)”为HIV和AIDS的教育，并提供药品“保护(protect)”他们免遭致命疾病的侵害。
17．A.fact B．meaning
C．introduction D．subject
D 解析：同上题。
18．A.prevent B．free
C．protect D．stop
C 解析：同上题。
19．A.general B．perfect
C．equal D．valuable
C 解析：根据文中的works closely with disabled and elderly people to make sure...及get the facilities(设施)可知，喜剧救济基金会救助残疾人和年长者，以保证他们享有“平等的(equal)”权利并使用他们“需要(need)”的设施。
20．A.afford B．need
C．share D．accept
B 解析：同上题。
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
equipment n．设备；装备
(经典例句)After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.
实验室发生火灾后，大量的设备被损坏了。
(1)a piece of equipment 一台设备
(2)equip vt. 装(配)备；使有能力
be equipped for 具备……的条件/能力
be equipped with 装备着……；具备……
①A good sleeping bag is an essential part of every camper’s equipment.
一个完好的睡袋是每个露宿者必不可少的装备。
②The boys equipped themselves with food and water and then set off.
男孩们备好食物和水就出发了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①As far as I know, he is__equipped(equip) with much experience in teaching.
②A computer is the most important piece of equipment(equip) you will buy.
③Having__equipped(equip) himself with necessary knowledge and skills，the young man went to the job market with much confidence.
appoint vt.任命，委派；约定；指定，安排
(经典例句)I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
我被指定负责安排那一天的所有活动。
(1)appoint sb. (as/to be) ... 任命某人(为)……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)appointment n. 约定，约会；任命，委任
have/make an appointment with
与……有约会
(3)appointed adj. 约定的；任命的
①Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.
山姆已经被指定代替乔治，担任工程部的经理。
②If you want to see the doctor, you’d better make an appointment with him in advance.
如果你想看医生，最好事先跟他预约好。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I’m sorry to tell you that I can’t travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed(appoint) time.
②If possible, could we make another appointment(appoint) to go to the bookstore?
[链接写作]——句式升级
③(普通表达)He was appointed as president of the university yesterday. He is giving a speech on the platform now.
(高级表达)Appointed__as__president of the university yesterday, he is giving a speech on the platform now. (过去分词作状语)
evaluate vt.评估；评价；估计
(经典例句)The scientists are evaluating the experiments.
科学家们正在对该实验进行评估。
(1)evaluate sb. on... 根据……评价某人
(2)evaluation n. 估计，评价
make an evaluation of 对……进行评估
①I can’t evaluate his ability without seeing his work.
没有看到他的工作情况，我无法评估他的能力。
②We must evaluate the consequences caused by the fire.
我们必须评估火灾造成的后果。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Three professors were asked to make an evaluation(evaluate) of the teaching plans designed by the new teachers.
②The quality of the product has been__evaluated(evaluate)．
burn to the ground 全部焚毁
(教材P34)Unfortunately, we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been covered with lava or burned to the ground.
遗憾的是，我们不可能把他们的家搬离岩浆流经之路，因此许多房屋被熔岩淹没，或者焚烧殆尽。
burn down 焚毁，烧毁
burn up (被)烧毁，烧得很旺
burn out 熄灭，烧完(燃料)；烧坏
①Those bad men were trying to burn the building to the ground.
那些坏人正试图把大楼烧成平地。
②All the people in the town got together to assist the family whose house had been burned down.
镇上的人都联合起来帮助房屋被烧毁的那家人。
[链接写作]——完成句子
这家旅馆在一次大火中被彻底焚毁了，并且导致许多人死亡。
The hotel was__burnt__to__the__ground in a big fire, leading to many deaths.
wave n．波浪；波涛；挥手
vi.波动；起伏；挥手
(经典例句)At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out of sight.
在火车站，母亲与女儿挥手告别直到看不到火车为止。
wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手告别
向某人挥手
①She declined the offer with a wave of her hand.
她摆摆手谢绝了这一提议。
②He waved to/at us as the bus drove off.
→He gave us a wave as the bus drove off.
公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The policeman waved the driver to__stop(stop)．
②My mother cried when I waved goodbye to her.
suit n．一套外衣；套装
vt.适合；使适宜
(经典例句)To students, you’d better choose the activities which interest you and suit you.
对学生来说，你最好选择那些你感兴趣并适合你的活动。
(1)suit one’s needs 适合某人的需要
(2)suitable adj. 适当的；相配的
be suitable for sb./sth. 适合于某人/某物
be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)If not, let me know what time suits you best.
如果不方便，请告诉我什么时间最适合你。
②During holidays you’d better wear casual clothes, but not a formal suit.
假期期间你最好穿便服，而不要穿正装。
[链接写作]——一句多译
(2018·浙江卷6月)因为我精通英语， 我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。
①I do believe I am__suitable__for/am__fit__for this voluntary work, because I have a good knowledge of English.
②I do believe this voluntary work suits__me,__because I have a good knowledge of English.
make one’s way 前往；获得成功
(经典例句)Even though there was a big flood, the rescue team still made their way to the disaster area.
即使发生了大洪水，救援队也仍然向灾区进发。
fight one’s way 奋力前进
lose one’s way 迷路
feel one’s way 摸索前进
push one’s way 挤出来
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前进
①So long as you work hard with a strong will, you can make your way in life.
只要你努力工作，意志坚强，你的人生就会成功。
②Without experience in it, we have to feel our way.
由于在这方面没有经验，我们不得不摸索着前进。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①经过十年的努力工作，他终于取得了成功。
He made__his__way at last after ten years’ hard work.
②长城像一条巨龙，在中国北方蜿蜒盘旋。
The__Great__Wall__winds__its__way across north China like a huge dragon.
“be about to do ... when ...”结构
(教材P34)I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.
我刚要回去睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。
when在此句中是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，引起一个意想不到的动作。常用句型有：
(1)be about to do...when... 正要做……，
这时……
(2)be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……，
这时……
(3)had just done...when... 刚做过……
这时……
(4)be doing...when... 正在做……，
这时……
①We were about to set out when it began to rain.
我们正要动身，这时开始下雨了。
②We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.
②I was__watching(watch) TV when my little brother burst in.
独立主格结构
(教材P35)The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.
另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但是我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
“this being my first experience”为独立主格结构，相当于原因状语从句“because this was my first experience”。其主要的构成方式如下：
(1)名词或代词主格＋分词
(2)名词或代词主格＋不定式
(3)名词或代词主格＋形容词(副词、名词、介词短语)
①He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
②The teacher came in, book in hand.
老师走了进来，手里拿着书。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The test finished(finish), we’ll have our summer holiday.
②So much work to__do(do), we have no time to play.
③The guide leading(lead) the way，we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
品句填词
1．He waved(挥一挥) his hand in the air to attract her attention.
2．As is known to all, an active volcano may erupt(爆发) at any time.
3．For one thing, these shoes don’t suit(适合) you. For another, they are too expensive.
4．(江苏卷)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to develop to their greatest potential(潜能)．
5．It is difficult to evaluate(评估) the harmful effects that modern farming practices have on the environment.
6．Don’t be so sure. We don’t know with absolute(绝对的) certainty that the project will succeed.
7．She felt ashamed that she didn’t turn up at the appointed(约定的) time.
8．The government has an interest in importing scientific equipment(设备)．
单句改错
1．Hearing the news that he had appointed as general manager of the big company, he was filled with excitement and joy.在had后加been
2．After admiring the beautiful view, she made his way to the next destination.she→he/his→her
3．The girl stared at him, he didn’t know what to say.stared→staring
4．I was about to get out of the room where the door was opened.where→when
5．I had just locked the door that I realized I had left my key on the table.that→when
完成句子
1．海伦刚要上公共汽车，突然听到有人喊她。
Helen was__about__to get on the bus when she heard someone calling her.
2．因为这是我的第一份工作，我非常珍惜它，并且下决心要把它做好。
It__being my first job, I value it very much and I am determined to do it well.
3．提前完成了老板交给的任务，艾伦可以去法国度假了。
Having__finished__the__task given by his boss ahead of time, Allen can go on holiday to France.
4．与学习母语相比，学习任何一门外语的过程都显得特别艰辛和漫长。
Compared__with learning one’s own mother tongue, the process of learning any foreign language seems to be especially hard and long.
课文语法填空
It has been twenty years since I 1.was__appointed(appoint) as a volcanologist working for the HVO. As a volcanologist, I think my job is the greatest one in the world, though 2.occasionally(occasional) dangerous. The most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most 3.powerful(power) forces on earth—the volcano. My work has also saved many lives.
When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes 4.less(little) damage, but the lava that flows slowly down the mountain causes far more damage. However, the eruption 5.itself(it) is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one—there had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air, 6.which was a totally fantastic sight.
The day after the eruption, two other scientists and I wore white protective suits to have 7.a much closer look at it. We made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, 8.boiling(boil) centre. The other two climbed down into the crater 9.to__collect(collect) some lava for further study, but I stayed at the top and watched them.
Today, I still love my job and I am still amazed 10.at the volcanoes’ beauty and their potential to cause great damage.
单句语法填空
1．How much money have you spent on equipment(equip) and travel since you were involved in photography?
2．You must have misunderstood Jane. She actually(actual) stayed in my house last night.
3．Lisa, your idea is absolutely(absolute) wrong. How can you have such a crazy idea?
4．Jack didn’t turn up at the coffee shop at the appointed(appoint) time, which made his friends angry.
5．The President and the First Lady stood on the step of the plane, waving(wave) to the welcoming crowd.
6．Lily’s mother gave her a pair of boots(boot) and her father bought her a box of chocolates on her birthday.
7．Before the eruption(erupt) occurred, Pompeii had been a booming Roman city with temples, markets, restaurants and theatres.
8．You are not the most suitable(suit) applicant, but you are so confident that we decide to give you a chance to prove yourself.
9．Tom was about to go to school when the telephone rang.
10．Having__explained(explain) the question many times，Henry lost patience with his slow brother.
阅读理解
A
The tombs of Pompeii, the Roman city buried by a volcanic eruption in A．D.79, are quite special. Animal bones, broken potteries(陶器) and architectural material, such as bricks, were found crowded inside and outside the tombs where the city’s dead were laid to rest.
To explain the condition, some brought out a theory that 15 years before the eruption, an earthquake left Pompeii in disorder. But archaeological evidence shows that the city wasn’t forsaken by its people. Instead of leaving, citizens appeared to have rebuilt the public spaces and houses. “It just didn’t make sense that garbage would mean the tombs weren’t being used，” said Allison Emmerson from University of Cincinnati. She suggested that we shouldn’t judge Pompeii by modern standards, which never encourage being messy in life. “Attitudes toward the garbage are very culturally defined, and it looks like in Pompeii attitudes were very different from ours，” said Emmerson.
The same sort of garbage was also found in the city streets of Pompeii, along the walls of the city, and even on the floors of homes. In a house that appeared to have served as a restaurant, a cistern(水箱) for storing water between two garbage sites was packed with broken potteries and food waste, such as animal bones and grape seeds. No evidence has been found for a system for handling garbage.
The citizens in Pompeii also appear not to have shared our traditions on burial. As Romans, the citizens were always concerned with being remembered after death, so they built tombs in high-traffic areas. Since Roman law forbade tombs inside the city, they were built along the city walls. When the eruption buried the city, new tombs were still being built and the city appeared prosperous(繁荣的), according to Emmerson.
【解题导语】 考古学家在意大利庞贝古城的坟墓内外发现了许多垃圾，这种现象并不符合常理，但在当时的人们看来可能极其平常。
1．Why are the tombs of Pompeii considered special?
A．They are of no historical value.
B．A lot of garbage was found there.
C．A volcanic eruption ruined them.
D．They have been kept in good condition.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Animal bones...were found crowded inside and outside the tombs...可知，庞贝墓穴的特殊之处在于它一点也不干净整洁，到处堆满了垃圾。
2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A．Given up. B．Depended on.
C．Believed in. D．Let out.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Instead of leaving...rebuilt the public spaces and houses.可知，地震之后庞贝居民并未抛弃这座城市，而是重建了它。由此可推测forsaken意为“抛弃，放弃”。
3．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that people in Pompeii ________．
A．were too busy to deal with the garbage
B．wanted to make good use of the garbage
C．were used to living with the garbage
D．didn’t have enough space to place the garbage
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的The same sort of garbage... a cistern(水箱) for storing water between two garbage sites...可推断，庞贝古城的人们习惯和垃圾生活在一起。
4．What did Romans mainly consider when choosing a site for a tomb?
A．Whether the site was inside the city.
B．Whether the tomb could be seen by many people.
C．Whether the scenery around the site was great.
D．Whether the tomb might cause troubles to others.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的As Romans...being remembered after death, so they built tombs in high-traffic areas.可知，庞贝居民修建坟墓的位置取决于它们是否显眼。
B
BE PART OF A NEW APP!
The Translated Menu
$200－$400 per menu
I have designed an app that is for restaurants where I take their menu and translate it into 15 different languages so their international guests can enjoy the dining experience without having to translate the menu themselves. They simply download the app from the restaurant’s website which has the menu translated for them in all the 15 languages.
You don’t have to be fluent in any of the languages. Just be good at translating English into other languages with good grammar by whatever translation program you use.
I have a large database(数据库) in the languages I am using of cooking terms, fruits, vegetables etc. I will present it for you to use and as we go along it will only get larger and make your job much easier. There’ll be a lot of cutting and pasting(粘贴) and then adding grammar. It just has to be written nicely for a restaurant with the descriptions they provide for the dishes.
The restaurants will have the same database so they can cut and paste to change their own menu items whenever they want.
I hope to get 200 plus restaurants this year, so if you need some money and are reliable, honest and good at what I need, then I need you. A good sense of humour and attitude goes a long way as well.
Come and be part of the new app and the experience.
Pater Coyle
petros13@y8mail.com
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则招聘软件翻译人员的广告。
5．What can we learn about this app?
A．It translates menus for guests.
B．It offers a private eating experience.
C．It aims to develop servers’ language skills.
D．It improves communication between international guests.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的I have designed an app...having to translate the menu themselves.可知，这款软件可以帮助世界各地的顾客在点餐时翻译菜单。
6．What is required by the author of the translation program?
A．People who can speak fluent English.
B．People who can create a large database.
C．People who can translate the dishes’ descriptions.
D．People who can translate other languages into English.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的It just has to be written nicely for a restaurant with the descriptions they provide for the dishes.可知，翻译工作需要对菜单中菜品的介绍进行精准到位的翻译。
7．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To advertise an app.
B．To offer a job opportunity.
C．To introduce a restaurant.
D．To describe a translated menu.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据文中对翻译工作的描述以及对翻译人员的要求和第五、六两段的内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是招聘一名软件翻译人员。
七选五
From the time my kids were little I was determined to teach them the value of a dollar. 1.________ If they didn’t do their chores(家务), they didn’t get their allowance(零花钱). And if they didn’t have money, they couldn’t buy anything. It’s kind of like real life.
There was only one problem—me. 2.________ And then, when they occasionally would want to buy something that they couldn’t quite afford, I would sometimes let them borrow from the next week’s allowance. But then I’d forget how much they’d borrowed and we’d end up arguing about just how much I owed(欠) them. 3.________
Obviously I’m not alone—both in wanting to teach my kids financial responsibility and in needing help. 4.________ Gregg Murset, a financial planner who has six kids of his own, created MyjobChart—a website that helps you keep track of the jobs your kids are doing and determine how much they’ve owed.
5．________ My 22-year-old daughter recently explained how her emergency fund(应急基金), built up by saving financial gifts and working during school, allowed her to live independently while continuing her education.
So perhaps the thing to remember is that kids learn about handling money from their parents. Save, spend responsibly and try to explain why, then the children can get the message.
A．In short, I was an unsuccessful banker.
B．It is helpful in teaching my kids about money.
C．I’d forget to check whether they’d completed their chores.
D．So I set up the reward system and record their required chores.
E．The kids can sign in and record when they’ve completed their work.
F．So I gave them chores and an allowance when they were relatively young.
G．Now some parents working on technologies have come up with ways to solve this problem.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者从孩子们小时候就开始帮他们树立正确的金钱观念和习惯，但起初因没有严密的记录系统而受阻，后来得益于MyjobChart这个网站，孩子们逐渐建立起自己独立、良好的金钱观。
1．F 解析：F项中的chores和allowance与设空处下文中的If they didn’t do their chores(家务), they didn’t get their allowance(零花钱)相呼应。
2．C 解析：根据设空处上文中的problem和下文中的forget可知，作者忘记检查孩子们是否完成了家务，故C项符合语境。
3．A 解析：设空处位于段落末尾，通常为总结性的陈述。A项In short, I was an unsuccessful banker.是对自己的总结，符合此处的结构和语义。
4．G 解析：根据设空处上文中的I’m not alone以及下文中的Gregg Murset, a financial planner who has six kids of his own, created MyjobChart可知，作者的困难也是大多数家长遇到的问题，为了解决该问题，一位金融策划人士为自己的六个孩子开发了一个记录家务详情的网站。故G项符合此处语境。
5．B 解析：根据设空处下文中的allowed her to live independently while continuing her education可知，这个网站对孩子们很有益处，故B项符合此处语境。
课件28张PPT。Unit 5 The power of natureis equippedequipmentHaving equippedappointedappointmentAppointed as presidentevaluationbeen evaluatedwas burnt to the groundto stoptoam suitable for/am fit forsuits memade his wayThe Great Wall winds its waywhenwas watchingfinishedto doleading本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．He waved(挥一挥) his hand in the air to attract her attention.
2．As is known to all, an active volcano may erupt(爆发) at any time.
3．For one thing, these shoes don’t suit(适合) you. For another, they are too expensive.
4．(江苏卷)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to develop to their greatest potential(潜能)．
5．It is difficult to evaluate(评估) the harmful effects that modern farming practices have on the environment.
6．Don’t be so sure. We don’t know with absolute(绝对的) certainty that the project will succeed.
7．She felt ashamed that she didn’t turn up at the appointed(约定的) time.
8．The government has an interest in importing scientific equipment(设备)．
单句改错
1．Hearing the news that he had appointed as general manager of the big company, he was filled with excitement and joy.
在had后加been
2．After admiring the beautiful view, she made his way to the next destination.
she→he/his→her
3．The girl stared at him, he didn’t know what to say.
stared→staring
4．I was about to get out of the room where the door was opened.
where→when
5．I had just locked the door that I realized I had left my key on the table.
that→when
完成句子
1．海伦刚要上公共汽车，突然听到有人喊她。
Helen was__about__to get on the bus when she heard someone calling her.
2．因为这是我的第一份工作，我非常珍惜它，并且下决心要把它做好。
It__being my first job, I value it very much and I am determined to do it well.
3．提前完成了老板交给的任务，艾伦可以去法国度假了。
Having__finished__the__task given by his boss ahead of time, Allen can go on holiday to France.
4．与学习母语相比，学习任何一门外语的过程都显得特别艰辛和漫长。
Compared__with learning one’s own mother tongue, the process of learning any foreign language seems to be especially hard and long.
课文语法填空
It has been twenty years since I 1.was__appointed(appoint) as a volcanologist working for the HVO. As a volcanologist, I think my job is the greatest one in the world, though 2.occasionally(occasional) dangerous. The most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most 3.powerful(power) forces on earth—the volcano. My work has also saved many lives.
When boiling rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes 4.less(little) damage, but the lava that flows slowly down the mountain causes far more damage. However, the eruption 5.itself(it) is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one—there had been an eruption from the side of the mountain and red hot lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air, 6.which was a totally fantastic sight.
The day after the eruption, two other scientists and I wore white protective suits to have 7.a much closer look at it. We made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red, 8.boiling(boil) centre. The other two climbed down into the crater 9.to__collect(collect) some lava for further study, but I stayed at the top and watched them.
Today, I still love my job and I am still amazed 10.at the volcanoes’ beauty and their potential to cause great damage.
单句语法填空
1．How much money have you spent on equipment(equip) and travel since you were involved in photography?
2．You must have misunderstood Jane. She actually(actual) stayed in my house last night.
3．Lisa, your idea is absolutely(absolute) wrong. How can you have such a crazy idea?
4．Jack didn’t turn up at the coffee shop at the appointed(appoint) time, which made his friends angry.
5．The President and the First Lady stood on the step of the plane, waving(wave) to the welcoming crowd.
6．Lily’s mother gave her a pair of boots(boot) and her father bought her a box of chocolates on her birthday.
7．Before the eruption(erupt) occurred, Pompeii had been a booming Roman city with temples, markets, restaurants and theatres.
8．You are not the most suitable(suit) applicant, but you are so confident that we decide to give you a chance to prove yourself.
9．Tom was about to go to school when the telephone rang.
10．Having__explained(explain) the question many times，Henry lost patience with his slow brother.
阅读理解
A
The tombs of Pompeii, the Roman city buried by a volcanic eruption in A．D.79, are quite special. Animal bones, broken potteries(陶器) and architectural material, such as bricks, were found crowded inside and outside the tombs where the city’s dead were laid to rest.
To explain the condition, some brought out a theory that 15 years before the eruption, an earthquake left Pompeii in disorder. But archaeological evidence shows that the city wasn’t forsaken by its people. Instead of leaving, citizens appeared to have rebuilt the public spaces and houses. “It just didn’t make sense that garbage would mean the tombs weren’t being used，” said Allison Emmerson from University of Cincinnati. She suggested that we shouldn’t judge Pompeii by modern standards, which never encourage being messy in life. “Attitudes toward the garbage are very culturally defined, and it looks like in Pompeii attitudes were very different from ours，” said Emmerson.
The same sort of garbage was also found in the city streets of Pompeii, along the walls of the city, and even on the floors of homes. In a house that appeared to have served as a restaurant, a cistern(水箱) for storing water between two garbage sites was packed with broken potteries and food waste, such as animal bones and grape seeds. No evidence has been found for a system for handling garbage.
The citizens in Pompeii also appear not to have shared our traditions on burial. As Romans, the citizens were always concerned with being remembered after death, so they built tombs in high-traffic areas. Since Roman law forbade tombs inside the city, they were built along the city walls. When the eruption buried the city, new tombs were still being built and the city appeared prosperous(繁荣的), according to Emmerson.
【解题导语】 考古学家在意大利庞贝古城的坟墓内外发现了许多垃圾，这种现象并不符合常理，但在当时的人们看来可能极其平常。
1．Why are the tombs of Pompeii considered special?
A．They are of no historical value.
B．A lot of garbage was found there.
C．A volcanic eruption ruined them.
D．They have been kept in good condition.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Animal bones...were found crowded inside and outside the tombs...可知，庞贝墓穴的特殊之处在于它一点也不干净整洁，到处堆满了垃圾。
2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A．Given up. B．Depended on.
C．Believed in. D．Let out.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Instead of leaving...rebuilt the public spaces and houses.可知，地震之后庞贝居民并未抛弃这座城市，而是重建了它。由此可推测forsaken意为“抛弃，放弃”。
3．We can infer from Paragraph 3 that people in Pompeii ________．
A．were too busy to deal with the garbage
B．wanted to make good use of the garbage
C．were used to living with the garbage
D．didn’t have enough space to place the garbage
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的The same sort of garbage... a cistern(水箱) for storing water between two garbage sites...可推断，庞贝古城的人们习惯和垃圾生活在一起。
4．What did Romans mainly consider when choosing a site for a tomb?
A．Whether the site was inside the city.
B．Whether the tomb could be seen by many people.
C．Whether the scenery around the site was great.
D．Whether the tomb might cause troubles to others.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的As Romans...being remembered after death, so they built tombs in high-traffic areas.可知，庞贝居民修建坟墓的位置取决于它们是否显眼。
B
BE PART OF A NEW APP!
The Translated Menu
$200－$400 per menu
I have designed an app that is for restaurants where I take their menu and translate it into 15 different languages so their international guests can enjoy the dining experience without having to translate the menu themselves. They simply download the app from the restaurant’s website which has the menu translated for them in all the 15 languages.
You don’t have to be fluent in any of the languages. Just be good at translating English into other languages with good grammar by whatever translation program you use.
I have a large database(数据库) in the languages I am using of cooking terms, fruits, vegetables etc. I will present it for you to use and as we go along it will only get larger and make your job much easier. There’ll be a lot of cutting and pasting(粘贴) and then adding grammar. It just has to be written nicely for a restaurant with the descriptions they provide for the dishes.
The restaurants will have the same database so they can cut and paste to change their own menu items whenever they want.
I hope to get 200 plus restaurants this year, so if you need some money and are reliable, honest and good at what I need, then I need you. A good sense of humour and attitude goes a long way as well.
Come and be part of the new app and the experience.
Pater Coyle
petros13@y8mail.com
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是一则招聘软件翻译人员的广告。
5．What can we learn about this app?
A．It translates menus for guests.
B．It offers a private eating experience.
C．It aims to develop servers’ language skills.
D．It improves communication between international guests.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的I have designed an app...having to translate the menu themselves.可知，这款软件可以帮助世界各地的顾客在点餐时翻译菜单。
6．What is required by the author of the translation program?
A．People who can speak fluent English.
B．People who can create a large database.
C．People who can translate the dishes’ descriptions.
D．People who can translate other languages into English.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的It just has to be written nicely for a restaurant with the descriptions they provide for the dishes.可知，翻译工作需要对菜单中菜品的介绍进行精准到位的翻译。
7．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To advertise an app.
B．To offer a job opportunity.
C．To introduce a restaurant.
D．To describe a translated menu.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据文中对翻译工作的描述以及对翻译人员的要求和第五、六两段的内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是招聘一名软件翻译人员。
七选五
From the time my kids were little I was determined to teach them the value of a dollar. 1.________ If they didn’t do their chores(家务), they didn’t get their allowance(零花钱). And if they didn’t have money, they couldn’t buy anything. It’s kind of like real life.
There was only one problem—me. 2.________ And then, when they occasionally would want to buy something that they couldn’t quite afford, I would sometimes let them borrow from the next week’s allowance. But then I’d forget how much they’d borrowed and we’d end up arguing about just how much I owed(欠) them. 3.________
Obviously I’m not alone—both in wanting to teach my kids financial responsibility and in needing help. 4.________ Gregg Murset, a financial planner who has six kids of his own, created MyjobChart—a website that helps you keep track of the jobs your kids are doing and determine how much they’ve owed.
5．________ My 22-year-old daughter recently explained how her emergency fund(应急基金), built up by saving financial gifts and working during school, allowed her to live independently while continuing her education.
So perhaps the thing to remember is that kids learn about handling money from their parents. Save, spend responsibly and try to explain why, then the children can get the message.
A．In short, I was an unsuccessful banker.
B．It is helpful in teaching my kids about money.
C．I’d forget to check whether they’d completed their chores.
D．So I set up the reward system and record their required chores.
E．The kids can sign in and record when they’ve completed their work.
F．So I gave them chores and an allowance when they were relatively young.
G．Now some parents working on technologies have come up with ways to solve this problem.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者从孩子们小时候就开始帮他们树立正确的金钱观念和习惯，但起初因没有严密的记录系统而受阻，后来得益于MyjobChart这个网站，孩子们逐渐建立起自己独立、良好的金钱观。
1．F 解析：F项中的chores和allowance与设空处下文中的If they didn’t do their chores(家务), they didn’t get their allowance(零花钱)相呼应。
2．C 解析：根据设空处上文中的problem和下文中的forget可知，作者忘记检查孩子们是否完成了家务，故C项符合语境。
3．A 解析：设空处位于段落末尾，通常为总结性的陈述。A项In short, I was an unsuccessful banker.是对自己的总结，符合此处的结构和语义。
4．G 解析：根据设空处上文中的I’m not alone以及下文中的Gregg Murset, a financial planner who has six kids of his own, created MyjobChart可知，作者的困难也是大多数家长遇到的问题，为了解决该问题，一位金融策划人士为自己的六个孩子开发了一个记录家务详情的网站。故G项符合此处语境。
5．B 解析：根据设空处下文中的allowed her to live independently while continuing her education可知，这个网站对孩子们很有益处，故B项符合此处语境。
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.precious adj. 贵重的；珍贵的
2.tremble vi. 摇晃；摇动；颤抖
3.sweat n. 汗 vi. 出汗
4.bathe vi. 洗澡；游泳
5.guarantee vt. 保证；担保
拓展词汇
6.actual adj.实在的；实际的→actually adv.实际地
7.uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的→comfortable adj.(反义词)舒适的→comfort vt.安慰，使舒适
8.unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的→conscious adj.有知觉的；清醒的
9.shoot vt.射中；射伤→shot n．射击；枪炮声
10.appreciation__ n．欣赏；感激；感谢→appreciate vt.感激；欣赏
11.anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的→anxiety n．担心；焦虑；渴望
12.panic n．惊慌；恐慌vi.& vt.惊慌→panicked(过去式/过去分词)
13.fog n．雾→foggy adj.有雾的；模糊的
14.novelist n．小说家→novel n．小说 adj.新奇的
15.diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的→diversity n．多种多样；多样性
阅读词汇
16.spaceman n． 航天员；航天专家
17.helmet n. 头盔
18.boot n. 靴子
19.candidate n. 候选人；候补者
20.typhoon n. 台风
21.thunderstorm n. 雷暴
22.document n． 文件；证件
23.rainbow n. 彩虹
24.balcony n. 阳台
25.arouse vt. 激发；唤醒
26.peak n. 山顶；顶峰
27.persuasion n. 信服；说服
重点短语
1.glance__through 匆匆看一遍
2.vary__from...to... 由……到……不等
3.be__home__to 是……的栖息地
4.be__rewarded__with 得到……回报/奖赏
5.give__birth__to 生产/生育……
6.have__a__gift__for 有……的天赋
续 表
重点句型
1.only to do sth.表示出乎意料的结果
Having heard a scream, I rushed downstairs only__to__see(结果看到) my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests.
2.It is said that...意为“据说……”，是一个固定句式
It__is__said__that(据说) this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.
Read the text carefully and then choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Changbaishan is famous for its ________．
A．various height B．rare plants
C．rare animals D．natural state
2．Which animals are NOT seen in the reserve of Changbaishan?
A．Cranes. B．Leopards.
C．Lions. D．Tigers.
3．Which of the following statements is NOT right about Tianchi?
A．Tianchi is surrounded by sixteen mountain peaks.
B．People go bathing in Tianchi in winter.
C．Tianchi has formed in the crater of a dead volcano.
D．The water in Tianchi is very clear.
4．What is the most popular tourist attraction in the reserve?
A．Thick forest.
B．Tianchi.
C．Rare plants and animals.
D．The spectacular waterfalls.
答案：1－4.DCBB
①vary from...to...由……到……不等
②be home to是……的产地；是……的栖息地
③diversity[da?'v??s?tI]n.多种多样；多样性
diverse[da?'v??s]adj.多种多样的；不同的
④crane[kre?n]n.鹤；吊车；起重机
⑤leopard['lep?d]n.豹
⑥spectacular[spek't?kj?l?]adj.
引人入胜的；壮观的
⑦bathe[be?e]vi.洗澡；游泳
⑧attraction在此作可数名词，意为“有吸引力的事物”。
tourist attraction旅游胜地
⑨arouse[?'ra?z]vt.激发；唤醒
arouse sb. from sleep
唤醒某人
⑩appreciation[??pri???'e??n]n.欣赏；感激；感谢
appreciate vt.欣赏；感激
?be rewarded with...
得到……回报/奖赏
?peak[pi?k]n.山顶；顶峰
?concern v．涉及；与……有关
?give birth to生产/生育……
?have a gift for有……的天赋
?persuasion[p?'swe??n]n.信服；说服
persuade vt.说服；劝说
?guarantee[?ɡ?r?n'ti?]vt.保证；担保
【核心素养链接】
长白山(Changbaishan)，满洲语Golmin Xanggiyan Alin，朝鲜语Changbaeksanmaek。朝鲜称之为白头山。广义的长白山是指长白山脉，即中国辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三省东部山地的总称。北起三江平原南侧，南延至辽东半岛与千山相接，包括完达山、老爷岭、张广才岭、吉林哈达岭等平行的断块山地。狭义的长白山指吉林省东部与朝鲜交界的山地，为东北山地最高部分。中国境内长白山的最高峰为白云峰，海拔高度2 691米，由粗面岩组成，夏季白岩裸露，冬季白雪皑皑，终年常白，系多次火山喷发而成。为松花江、图们江、鸭绿江的发源地。1961年建立长白山国家自然保护区，面积为21.5万公顷。1983年夏，邓小平同志登上长白山极顶，题写“长白山”、“天池”横幅，并发出赞叹：“人生不上长白山，实为一大憾事！”
THE LAKE OF HEAVEN
Changbaishan is in Jilin Province, Northeast China. Much of this beautiful, mountainous area is thick forest. Changbaishan is China’s largest nature reserve and it is kept in its natural state for the people of China and visitors from all over the world to enjoy. The land varies in height from 700 metres above sea level to① over 2，000 metres and is home to② a great diversity③ of rare plants and animals. Among the rare animals are cranes④ , black bears, leopards⑤ and tigers. Many people come to Changbaishan to study its unique plants and animals. Others come to walk in the mountains, to see the spectacular⑥ waterfalls or to bathe⑦ in the hot water pools. However, the attraction⑧ that arouses⑨ the greatest appreciation in the reserve is Tianchi or the Lake of Heaven.
◆本句是一个将表语提前引起的倒装句，句子还原后为Cranes, black bears, leopards and tigers are among the rare animals.。
◆that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the attraction, 并在从句中作主语。
Tianchi is a deep lake that has formed in the crater of a dead volcano on top of the mountain. The lake is 2，194 metres above sea level, and more than 200 metres deep. In winter the surface freezes over. It takes about an hour to climb from the end of the road to the top of the mountain. When you arrive you are rewarded not only with? the sight of its clear waters, but also by the view of the other sixteen mountain peaks? that surround Tianchi.
There are many stories told about Tianchi. The most well-known concerns? three young women from heaven. They were bathing in Tianchi when a bird flew above them and dropped a small fruit onto the dress of the youngest girl. When she picked up the fruit to smell it, it flew into her mouth. Having swallowed the fruit, the girl became pregnant and later gave birth to? a handsome boy. It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for? languages and persuasion?， is the father of the Manchu people.
◆told about Tianchi为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰stories。
◆在本句中It为形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语，其中who had a great gift for languages and persuasion为who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词this boy。It is said that...意为“据说……”。
If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, don’t forget to make a wish to guarantee? your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.
天 池
长白山位于中国东北的吉林省，这个美丽的山区大部分为茂密的森林(所覆盖)。长白山是中国最大的自然保护区，保持着它的原始状态，中国人和世界各地的游客都可以来欣赏。这里地面的高度由海拔700米到2 000多米不等，是多种多样稀有动植物的生长地。珍稀动物有鹤、黑熊、豹和老虎。许多人到长白山来研究其独特的动植物。其他人则是到山里来走一走，看看那些壮观的瀑布，或者在热水池里泡个澡。然而，保护区里最值得欣赏的地方则是天池，或者说是天堂之湖。
天池是一个深水湖，形成于(长白山)山顶的一个死火山的火山口。湖的海拔为2 194米，湖水有200多米深。冬天，湖面全部结冰。从路的尽头爬到山顶大约需要一个小时。当你到达(山顶)时，你不仅可以欣赏到天池里那清澈的湖水，还可以饱览天池四周其他16座山峰的风景。
关于天池有许多故事。其中最著名的是关于从天上下凡的三位少女的故事。她们正在天池中洗澡时，突然有一只鸟飞到她们的上方，并把一个小小的果实丢在最年轻的(那位)少女的衣服上。当她拿起果实闻的时候，果实(一下子就)飞进了她的嘴里。那位少女吞食了这个果实之后就怀孕了，后来她生下了一个英俊的小男孩。据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有很强的语言天赋和说服力。
如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池，别忘了许个愿以确保你们的爱情会像这个湖一样深厚、持久。
unconscious adj.失去知觉的；昏迷的；未察觉的；未意识到的
(经典例句)This injured passenger was unconscious from loss of blood.
这位受伤的旅客因失血过多而昏迷不醒。
(1)be unconscious from 因……而失去知觉
be unconscious of 未意识到……；
未察觉到……
(2)conscious adj. 有知觉的
①The villagers were unconscious of the consequence of the catastrophe.
村民们没有意识到灾难的后果。
②The boy was unconscious from the impact of an external force.
这个男孩因外力撞击而昏迷不醒。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He made that mistake unconsciously(unconscious), which made him upset.
②After he became conscious(unconscious), he remembered having been attacked and hit on the head.
shoot vt.射中；射伤 vi.射击
(经典例句)The hunter aimed at the animal but did not shoot.
猎人向那个动物瞄准但未开枪。
shoot at 朝……射击；向……开枪
shoot sb.dead 开枪打死某人
shoot sb.in the leg/head 射中某人的腿/头
①The hunter was about to shoot at the bird when he heard a scream.
猎人正要朝小鸟射击， 这时他听到了喊叫声。
②He is shooting at a bird, but he doesn’t shoot it.
他正在向一只鸟射击，但没有射中。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The criminal intended to escape but was__shot(shoot) in the leg and was caught by the police soon.
②He shot(shoot) two goals in the game and later was appointed as captain.
anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的
(教材P38)I was so anxious and couldn’t move at first. 我非常担心，一开始(吓得)动弹不得。
(1)be anxious about 为……担心/担忧
be anxious for 渴望……
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
(2)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地
①I was really anxious about you.You shouldn’t have left home without a word.
我非常担心你，你不应该不打招呼就离开家。
②We waited with anxiety for the news of her safe arrival.
→We waited anxiously for the news of her safe arrival.
我们焦急地等待她平安到达的消息。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I was told that the Learning Center provides help for students and I’m anxious to__get(get) help from you.
②Instead of blaming me, he asked me anxiously(anxious) what was going on.
[链接写作]——句式升级
③(普通表达)I’m so anxious about the coming exam that I can hardly fall asleep at night.
(高级表达)Anxious__about__the__coming__exam,__I can hardly fall asleep at night. (形容词作伴随状语)
panic vi.& vt.惊慌 n．惊慌；恐慌
(教材P38)I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic.
我很紧张，不得不强迫自己不要惊慌。
(1)panic sb.into doing sth. 使某人因惊慌而做某事
(2)get into a panic 惊慌失措(表动作)
in a panic 惊慌失措地
in a state of panic 处于惊慌状态
①When you are in danger, don’t panic.
当你处境危险时，不要惊慌。
②She got into a panic when she thought her son might be lost.
当她想到她儿子可能会迷路时，她惊慌失措。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Most of the people were in a panic when the earthquake happened.
②The children panicked(panic) when they realized they were lost in the forest.
glance through 匆匆看一遍
(经典例句)Don’t just glance through the headlines or you may leave out important information.
不要仅仅浏览标题，否则你可能会漏掉重要信息。
(1)glance at 看一下；匆匆一瞥
glance over＝glance through 匆匆看一遍
(2)at a glance＝at first glance 乍一看；乍看之下
give/take a glance at 对……匆匆一看
①He was anxious about the coming exam, glancing at his watch occasionally.
他为即将到来的考试担心不已，时不时地看一下手表。
②He gave/took a glance at the stranger.
他打量了一下那个陌生人。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She is afraid of being late for work, glancing(glance) at her mobile phone occasionally.
②At first glance the place seemed deserted.
vary from...to... 由……到……不等
(经典例句)However, views on this issue vary from person to person.
然而，不同的人对这个问题持不同的观点。
(1)vary from person to person 各人不同
vary with... 随……而变化
vary in... 在……方面有变化
(2)variety n. 多样性
a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的
(3)various adj. 各种各样的
①He studies different historical figures, varying from home to abroad.
他研究不同的历史人物，从国内的到国外的。
②As in China, the climate in Canada varies, depending on the area.
正如中国一样，加拿大的气候也因地而异。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①By learning English, we can broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge in various(vary) fields.
②In the botanical garden we can find varieties(vary) of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.
[链接写作]——句式升级
③(普通表达)I like reading very much, especially the story books. They vary from Chinese stories to English stories.
(高级表达)I like reading very much，especially the story books, varying__from__Chinese__stories__to__English__stories．(分词作定语)
appreciation n．欣赏；赏识；鉴赏；感激；感谢
(教材P39)However, the attraction that arouses the greatest appreciation in the reserve is Tianchi or the Lake of Heaven.
然而，保护区里最值得欣赏的地方则是天池，或者说是天堂之湖。
(1)express one’s appreciation 表示感谢
(2)appreciate vt. 感激；欣赏；赏识
I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我会非
常感激。
appreciate (one’s) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
①I would like to express my sincere appreciation and thanks to you all.
我向所有的人表示真诚的感谢。
②I’d appreciate being given such a good chance to have a face-to-face talk with you.
非常感谢给我这次机会与你面对面交谈。
[链接写作]——一句多译
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)如果在你方便时给我回信我将感激不尽。
①I’d__appreciate__it__if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.
②I’d__be__very__grateful__if you can reply to my letter when it is convenient for you.
guarantee vt.保证……免受损失或伤害；担保
n．保证；保证书
(教材P39)If you are lucky enough to visit the Lake of Heaven with your loved one, don’t forget to make a wish
to guarantee your love will be as deep and lasting as the lake itself.
如果你有幸同你所爱的人去游天池，别忘了许个愿以确保你们的爱情会像这个湖一样深厚、持久。
(1)guarantee to do sth./that... 保证/担保做某事；确保……
guarantee sb.sth. 保证某人某事
(2)give sb.a guarantee(that) ... 向某人保证……
under guarantee 在保修期内
①Even if you complete your training, I can’t guarantee you a job.
即使你完成了培训，我也不能保证你能有工作。
②The equipment is under guarantee, so you needn’t worry about the fee.
这个设备在保修期内，因此你不必担心费用。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①My watch is still under guarantee, so they will repair it for free.
②We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee us to__succeed(succeed) in the end.
It is said that 据说……
(教材P39)It is said that this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people. 据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有很强的语言天赋和说服力。
(1) 据说……
(2)It is thought that... 人们认为……
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is hoped that... 人们希望……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is known (to all) that... 众所周知……
①It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number in Britain.
据说，在英国，13是一个不吉利的数字。
②It is known that human beings shouldn’t go against nature.
众所周知人类不应该违背自然。
③It is hoped that ordinary people can live a rich and happy life.
人们希望普通人能过上富足和幸福的生活。
[链接写作]——一句多译
据说前几天她写了一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。
①It__is__said__that she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.
②She is__said__to__have__written__a__report about wildlife protection the other day.
品句填词
1．Having drunk too much wine, I felt rather uncomfortable(不舒服的) and got a headache.
2．He was shot(射中) dead in an attempted robbery.
3．She is one of the country’s leading contemporary novelists(小说家)．
4．Thick fog(雾) has made driving conditions dangerous.
5．The butterfly’s wings were shining with all the colours of the rainbow(彩虹)．
6．The fear of all kinds of examinations can be a source of deep anxiety(焦虑) and great stress to many students.
7．Don’t panic, boys. I guarantee(保证) there’s no danger.
8．The fact that they ran out of petrol halfway through the wild forest panicked(使惊慌) them.
9．On hot days we often bathed(洗澡) in the river when we were young.
10．He wiped the sweat(汗) off his face and looked around.
选词填空
glance through, in the distance, be enthusiastic about, make one’s way, get close to, burn to the ground
1．In order to make a further study, the scientists made__their__way to the volcano bravely.
2．Attention, please! Don’t get__close__to the lion when you visit the zoo; it may hurt you.
3．When the lost tourists saw the light in__the__distance,__they became excited and walked faster.
4．Bob is__enthusiastic__about his experiment and eager to discover something new in the field of chemistry.
5．He has no place to live because his house has been burnt__to__the__ground．
6．My father likes glancing__through the newspapers while he has breakfast.
完成句子
1．这个小女孩在语言方面很有天赋，她现在会说三种语言。
The little girl has__a__great__gift__for languages and now she can speak three languages.
2．据说，世界上有些人正在为去火星做准备。
It__is__said__that some people in the world are making preparations for the trip to Mars.
3．两位总统讨论了很多话题，从教育到医学等。
The two presidents talked about many topics, varying__from education to medicine.
4．如果这个项目失败了，这不仅会影响我们部门，而且会影响整个公司。
If this project fails, it will affect__not__only our department but__also the whole company.
5．尽管已失败多次，我仍然对未来充满信心。
Having__failed__many__times,__I still have faith in my future.
单句语法填空
1．I suddenly panicked(panic) when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.
2．Once your order is accepted, we guarantee to__deliver(deliver) within a week.
3．We should take account of the cultural diversity(diverse) when making a policy.
4．Steven caused his parents great anxiety(anxious) when he travelled to Tibet alone this summer.
5．The special award was given to Chaplin in appreciation(appreciate) of his huge contributions to the film industry.
6．Ms Brown took hold of the rope with her trembling(tremble) hands, waiting to be saved by the firefighters.
7．Yesterday, the firm apologized to all of the people who were made uncomfortable(comfort) by the mistake.
8．If a person is unconscious(conscious), he will be unable to communicate or react to the surroundings.
9．There were 376 candidates(candidate) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 2016, out of which 228 were individuals and 148 were organizations.
10．Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald’s masterpiece The Great Gatsby made him one of the greatest American novelists(novel)．
阅读理解
A
John Nelson, 92, grew up in Michigan and volunteered for the army in 1945. The 18-year-old managed to get accepted, despite being colorblind. He landed on the island of Iwo Jima in the first days of the American attack to take the island from the Japanese. Nelson fought day and night for 10 days before receiving a serious wound to his right arm. The other seven men in his squadron(中队) all died. American losses included 5，900 dead and 17，400 wounded.
Nelson saw the American flag being raised on Mount Suribachi after the island was taken by the American forces. The arm would continue to trouble him the rest of his life. Suffering from anxiety and flashbacks, he was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder(创伤后遗症)．
Al Elders was a Grandville farm boy. He joined the Navy and was stationed on Guam when the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Aug. 6 and 9, 1945, basically ended the war with Japan.
War often develops lasting friendships. But for the two World War Ⅱveterans(老兵) living at Sunset Manor in Jenison, their friendship didn’t begin until about a year and a half ago. One day, Elders noticed a man sitting at a cafeteria in the Sunset Village, and that was Nelson. Seeing his Marine cap, Elders thought they would have something to talk about. And they did. The war in the Pacific is a common bond.
The two men later worked together to serve other residents(居民) at Sunset Manor. John began detailing cars during good weather and cleaning walkers in the winter. Elders became his advertising manager. They donated most of their income to the Wounded Warrior project. John is less mobile now and is in care at Sunset. Al continues to visit and to encourage his friend. A friend of Elders’ who travelled to Iwo Jima brought back a jar filled with sand from the rocky island. Elders sent the gift, along with his own wartime collections, to the Seabee Museum and Memorial Park.
【解题导语】 两位二战老兵因为共同的战争经历而结下了深厚的友谊，虽然年事已高，仍然致力于服务社会。
1．What do we know about John Nelson?
A．He joined the army after he left university.
B．His hometown was ruined by the war.
C．He joined the army through strict tests.
D．He was physically and mentally injured in the war.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The arm would continue...diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder(创伤后遗症)．可知，Nelson在战争中身心都受到了创伤。
2．Why did Nelson and Elders develop a friendship?
A．They both felt sad and lonely.
B．They lived in the same place.
C．They shared a common war experience.
D．They had helped each other during the war.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的The war in the Pacific is a common bond. 可知，两人结下友谊是因为共同的战争经历。
3．We can learn from Paragraph 5 that the two friends ________．
A．started a successful business
B．devoted to contributing to the society
C．visited Iwo Jima together after the war
D．supported young people to join the army
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The two men later worked together to serve...to the Wounded Warrior project.和Elders sent the gift...and Memorial Park.可推断，两人致力于为社会做贡献。
4．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．How people tried to survive the war.
B．The meaning of peace for ordinary people.
C．Two soldiers’ touching friendship during wartime.
D．Two old soldiers’ life experiences and friendship.
D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了两位老兵经历战争、成为朋友并共同奉献社会的一系列人生经历。
B
Deep funding(资金) cuts to public school programs are forcing districts around the US to reduce arts education. The Philadelphia school system is no exception. Its once great music program has been struggling because a large number of the instruments are damaged, with no funds to repair them. Now, thanks to “Symphony(交响乐) for a Broken Orchestra，” a project headed by Temple Contemporary, some of the wounded instruments are being brought back to life.
The idea came about in 2013 when Temple Contemporary Director Richard Blackson was touring one of the 23 Philadelphia schools that had been closed that year. Among the items being combined from all the schools was a room full of broken instruments. Then Blackson carefully examined each wounded instrument and found that 1，000 of them were repairable.
To help raise funds for the project, he reached out to Pulitzer-and Grammy-winning composer(作曲家) David Lang. “I’m completely a product of public schools. So when Blackson told me he had ways to fix these 1，000 instruments, my first thought was that each one of these instruments was an opportunity to change the life of a student，” said Lang. The musician came up with the smart idea of writing a symphony specifically for the damaged instruments.
“Symphony for a Broken Orchestra” took place in Philadelphia on December 3, 2017. Performed by 400 musicians, the melodies(旋律) proved what broken instruments could do. The performance, which raised much-needed funds, did not end. The “Symphony for a Broken Orchestra” project continues online with a description of all the broken instruments. People can support the program by contributing between $50 and $200 to help get the instruments repaired.
Thanks to this project, which has thus far raised over $237，000, Philadelphia students will find working instruments when they return to school this fall. Hopefully, the success of this unusual attempt will encourage public school districts around the country to come up with creative ways to keep their rapidly-disappearing arts programs alive.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个使学校的受损乐器能得到及时修复并重放光彩的项目。
5．What made Blackson create the project?
A．A number of damaged instruments at school.
B．The big benefits of repairing instruments.
C．The strong wish to start an orchestra.
D．A couple of closed schools.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Among the items being...1，000 of them were repairable.可知，当Blackson在学校发现许多受损乐器不能被及时修复而被遗弃的时候，他想到一个帮助这些受损乐器的计划。
6．How did Lang look at Blackson’s project?
A．He was surprised by it.
B．He had doubts about it.
C．He strongly supported it.
D．He paid no attention to it.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的So when Blackson told me...change the life of a student及Lang为这些受损乐器作曲的描述可知，Lang认为这些乐器在修复好之后会对学生产生意想不到的影响，所以他很支持这个项目。
7．How did the project raise funds?
A．By asking 400 musicians to sing together.
B．By selling the damaged instruments online.
C．By holding a concert for broken instruments.
D．By inviting prize-winning composers to write music.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Symphony for a Broken Orchestra” took place...what broken instruments could do.和The performance, which raised much-needed funds可知，为了筹集资金，Blackson他们办了一场由400人参与弹奏受损乐器的音乐会。
8．What is the achievement of the project?
A．It stresses the importance of learning arts.
B．It brings hope to arts programs at school.
C．It provides money for Philadelphia students.
D．It allows poor students to perform inventively.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Hopefully, the success of this unusual attempt...keep their rapidly-disappearing arts programs alive.可知，“Symphony for a Broken Orchestra”这一项目给学校的艺术项目带来希望，鼓励他们找到别出心裁的办法来拯救日渐消失的艺术。
完形填空
When I was younger, I loved to read. I could get through a whole book in a day, and used to __1__ my parents every night to let me stay up later so I could “just __2__ my chapter(章节)”. I read any literature(著作) that I could get my hands on.
However, __3__ there are many books for younger children, once you reach your mid-teens the choices become __4__. I found myself choosing between books for children that were __5__ and boring, and adult books that I couldn’t quite understand.
This lack of choice __6__ led me to read less and less. When I was in secondary school, the __7__ books I read were ones we were assigned in English class, and I was never very __8__ about my teacher’s choices. I thought too much discussion of symbolism(象征意义) and themes __9__ the book. Maybe the sky being blue didn’t __10__ anything; maybe it was just a description! Rather than making me more __11__ in literature, it made me __12__ want to pick up a book again.
I reluctantly(不情愿地) chose a French literature course in my first year at university. I started out unhappy, determined not to __13__ any of the works we were studying over the course of the year. However, I soon __14__ that at a university level, the discussion was more __15__ and the books were more interesting! Being able to discuss my thoughts with other people meant that I could better __16__ the subtle aspects of the books—even the symbolism and themes.
I began reading again for __17__. Now, during my year abroad, I spend a lot of my spare time in bookshops and __18__ in cafés, and even attend a monthly book club with some other language assistants.
Reading is a great way to widen your horizons(视野), __19__ your vocabulary and use your imagination. I’m so happy that I __20__ my love of books.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己从热爱读书到找不到有趣的书可读再到重新爱上读书的过程。
1．A.advise B．encourage
C．force D．ask
D 解析：根据本段中的I loved to read及I could get through a whole book可知，作者小时候酷爱读书，常常“请求(ask)”父母允许自己熬夜读书，这样他才能“看完(finish)”自己想看的章节。
2．A.choose B．change
C．finish D．study
C 解析：见上题。
3．A.while B．since
C．unless D．if
A 解析：根据本段中的I found myself choosing between books for children...and adult books及下一段中的This lack of choice可知，“虽然(while)”儿童书籍很多，但是当你再大一些到了少年时期，你就会发现你的选择变得“有限(limited)”了。作者就发现自己徘徊在“可笑的(silly)”、无聊的儿童书籍与自己读不懂的成人书籍之间。
4．A.free B．clear
C．wide D．limited
D 解析：见上题。
5．A.silly B．special
C．rare D．small
A 解析：见上题。
6．A.hardly B．usually
C．finally D．strangely
C 解析：根据本段中的This lack of choice...read less and less及ones we were assigned in English class可知，选择的限制“最终(finally)”导致作者读的书越来越少。高中的时候，作者“唯一(only)”阅读的书籍是英语课上老师指定的书籍，而且作者对于老师的选择也缺乏“热情(enthusiastic)”。
7．A.next B．only
C．same D．last
B 解析：见上题。
8．A.certain B．concerned
C．doubtful D．enthusiastic
D 解析：见上题。
9．A.reviewed B．explained
C．ruined D．renewed
C 解析：根据本段中的too much discussion及maybe it was just a description可知，对象征意义和主题的过度讨论“毁掉(ruined)”了书籍本身。湛蓝的天空也许并不“代表(represent)”任何事物，它或许仅仅只是描写。
10．A.represent B．answer
C．advertise D．affect
A 解析：见上题。
11．A.successful B．interested
C．confident D．disappointed
B 解析：根据本段中对作者读书越来越少的描述可知，作者对文学的“兴趣(interested)”并未加深，也“不再(never)”爱读书。
12．A.nearly B．never
C．even D．already
B 解析：见上题。
13．A.share B．learn
C．touch D．enjoy
D 解析：根据本段中的I reluctantly(不情愿地) chose a French literature course及I started out unhappy可知，作者认为自己不会再“享受(enjoy)”那一学年课上学到的任何作品。
14．A.realized B．expected
C．thought D．supposed
A 解析：根据本段中的However及the books were more interesting可知，作者很快就“意识到(realized)”在大学里学生和老师对一本书的讨论变得更“有成效(fruitful)”，书本也更有趣。
15．A.similar B．formal
C．fruitful D．familiar
C 解析：见上题。
16．A.understand B．accept
C．praise D．predict
A 解析：根据本段中的Being able to discuss my thoughts with other people meant that...及the subtle aspects of the books可知，与他人交流想法能让作者更好地“理解(understand)”书中微妙的方面。
17．A.comfort B．pleasure
C．hope D．prize
B 解析：根据本段中的again及第一段中对作者爱读书的描述可知，作者又开始享受读书的“快乐(pleasure)”了。
18．A.chatting B．playing
C．sitting D．reading
D 解析：根据空前的I spend a lot of my spare time in bookshops可知，作者在书店里度过了很多闲暇的时光，也在咖啡店里“读书(reading)”。
19．A.know B．measure
C．expand D．show
C 解析：根据空前的widen your horizons(视野)可知，读书也是一种“扩大(expand)”词汇量的好方法。
20．A.expressed B．rediscovered
C．returned D．experienced
B 解析：根据第一段中对作者爱读书的描述可知，作者很高兴自己又“重新找回(rediscovered)”了对书籍的热爱。
课件53张PPT。Unit 5 The power of natureprecioustremblesweatbatheguaranteeactual uncomfortableunconsciousshootappreciationanxiouspanicfognovelistdiverse航天员；航天专家头盔靴子候选人；候补者台风雷暴文件；证件彩虹阳台激发；唤醒山顶；顶峰信服；说服glance throughvary from...to...be home tobe rewarded withgive birth tohave a gift foronly to seeIt is said thatunconsciouslyconsciouswas shotshotto getanxiouslyAnxious about the coming examinpanickedglancingAtvariousvarietiesvarying from Chinese stories to English storiesI’d appreciate it ifI’d be very grateful ifunderto succeedIt is said thatis said to have written a report本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Having drunk too much wine, I felt rather uncomfortable(不舒服的) and got a headache.
2．He was shot(射中) dead in an attempted robbery.
3．She is one of the country’s leading contemporary novelists(小说家)．
4．Thick fog(雾) has made driving conditions dangerous.
5．The butterfly’s wings were shining with all the colours of the rainbow(彩虹)．
6．The fear of all kinds of examinations can be a source of deep anxiety(焦虑) and great stress to many students.
7．Don’t panic, boys. I guarantee(保证) there’s no danger.
8．The fact that they ran out of petrol halfway through the wild forest panicked(使惊慌) them.
9．On hot days we often bathed(洗澡) in the river when we were young.
10．He wiped the sweat(汗) off his face and looked around.
选词填空
glance through, in the distance, be enthusiastic about, make one’s way, get close to, burn to the ground
1．In order to make a further study, the scientists made__their__way to the volcano bravely.
2．Attention, please! Don’t get__close__to the lion when you visit the zoo; it may hurt you.
3．When the lost tourists saw the light in__the__distance,__they became excited and walked faster.
4．Bob is__enthusiastic__about his experiment and eager to discover something new in the field of chemistry.
5．He has no place to live because his house has been burnt__to__the__ground．
6．My father likes glancing__through the newspapers while he has breakfast.
完成句子
1．这个小女孩在语言方面很有天赋，她现在会说三种语言。
The little girl has__a__great__gift__for languages and now she can speak three languages.
2．据说，世界上有些人正在为去火星做准备。
It__is__said__that some people in the world are making preparations for the trip to Mars.
3．两位总统讨论了很多话题，从教育到医学等。
The two presidents talked about many topics, varying__from education to medicine.
4．如果这个项目失败了，这不仅会影响我们部门，而且会影响整个公司。
If this project fails, it will affect__not__only our department but__also the whole company.
5．尽管已失败多次，我仍然对未来充满信心。
Having__failed__many__times,__I still have faith in my future.
单句语法填空
1．I suddenly panicked(panic) when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.
2．Once your order is accepted, we guarantee to__deliver(deliver) within a week.
3．We should take account of the cultural diversity(diverse) when making a policy.
4．Steven caused his parents great anxiety(anxious) when he travelled to Tibet alone this summer.
5．The special award was given to Chaplin in appreciation(appreciate) of his huge contributions to the film industry.
6．Ms Brown took hold of the rope with her trembling(tremble) hands, waiting to be saved by the firefighters.
7．Yesterday, the firm apologized to all of the people who were made uncomfortable(comfort) by the mistake.
8．If a person is unconscious(conscious), he will be unable to communicate or react to the surroundings.
9．There were 376 candidates(candidate) for the Nobel Peace Prize for 2016, out of which 228 were individuals and 148 were organizations.
10．Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald’s masterpiece The Great Gatsby made him one of the greatest American novelists(novel)．
阅读理解
A
John Nelson, 92, grew up in Michigan and volunteered for the army in 1945. The 18-year-old managed to get accepted, despite being colorblind. He landed on the island of Iwo Jima in the first days of the American attack to take the island from the Japanese. Nelson fought day and night for 10 days before receiving a serious wound to his right arm. The other seven men in his squadron(中队) all died. American losses included 5，900 dead and 17，400 wounded.
Nelson saw the American flag being raised on Mount Suribachi after the island was taken by the American forces. The arm would continue to trouble him the rest of his life. Suffering from anxiety and flashbacks, he was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder(创伤后遗症)．
Al Elders was a Grandville farm boy. He joined the Navy and was stationed on Guam when the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Aug. 6 and 9, 1945, basically ended the war with Japan.
War often develops lasting friendships. But for the two World War Ⅱveterans(老兵) living at Sunset Manor in Jenison, their friendship didn’t begin until about a year and a half ago. One day, Elders noticed a man sitting at a cafeteria in the Sunset Village, and that was Nelson. Seeing his Marine cap, Elders thought they would have something to talk about. And they did. The war in the Pacific is a common bond.
The two men later worked together to serve other residents(居民) at Sunset Manor. John began detailing cars during good weather and cleaning walkers in the winter. Elders became his advertising manager. They donated most of their income to the Wounded Warrior project. John is less mobile now and is in care at Sunset. Al continues to visit and to encourage his friend. A friend of Elders’ who travelled to Iwo Jima brought back a jar filled with sand from the rocky island. Elders sent the gift, along with his own wartime collections, to the Seabee Museum and Memorial Park.
【解题导语】 两位二战老兵因为共同的战争经历而结下了深厚的友谊，虽然年事已高，仍然致力于服务社会。
1．What do we know about John Nelson?
A．He joined the army after he left university.
B．His hometown was ruined by the war.
C．He joined the army through strict tests.
D．He was physically and mentally injured in the war.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The arm would continue...diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder(创伤后遗症)．可知，Nelson在战争中身心都受到了创伤。
2．Why did Nelson and Elders develop a friendship?
A．They both felt sad and lonely.
B．They lived in the same place.
C．They shared a common war experience.
D．They had helped each other during the war.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的The war in the Pacific is a common bond. 可知，两人结下友谊是因为共同的战争经历。
3．We can learn from Paragraph 5 that the two friends ________．
A．started a successful business
B．devoted to contributing to the society
C．visited Iwo Jima together after the war
D．supported young people to join the army
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The two men later worked together to serve...to the Wounded Warrior project.和Elders sent the gift...and Memorial Park.可推断，两人致力于为社会做贡献。
4．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．How people tried to survive the war.
B．The meaning of peace for ordinary people.
C．Two soldiers’ touching friendship during wartime.
D．Two old soldiers’ life experiences and friendship.
D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了两位老兵经历战争、成为朋友并共同奉献社会的一系列人生经历。
B
Deep funding(资金) cuts to public school programs are forcing districts around the US to reduce arts education. The Philadelphia school system is no exception. Its once great music program has been struggling because a large number of the instruments are damaged, with no funds to repair them. Now, thanks to “Symphony(交响乐) for a Broken Orchestra，” a project headed by Temple Contemporary, some of the wounded instruments are being brought back to life.
The idea came about in 2013 when Temple Contemporary Director Richard Blackson was touring one of the 23 Philadelphia schools that had been closed that year. Among the items being combined from all the schools was a room full of broken instruments. Then Blackson carefully examined each wounded instrument and found that 1，000 of them were repairable.
To help raise funds for the project, he reached out to Pulitzer-and Grammy-winning composer(作曲家) David Lang. “I’m completely a product of public schools. So when Blackson told me he had ways to fix these 1，000 instruments, my first thought was that each one of these instruments was an opportunity to change the life of a student，” said Lang. The musician came up with the smart idea of writing a symphony specifically for the damaged instruments.
“Symphony for a Broken Orchestra” took place in Philadelphia on December 3, 2017. Performed by 400 musicians, the melodies(旋律) proved what broken instruments could do. The performance, which raised much-needed funds, did not end. The “Symphony for a Broken Orchestra” project continues online with a description of all the broken instruments. People can support the program by contributing between $50 and $200 to help get the instruments repaired.
Thanks to this project, which has thus far raised over $237，000, Philadelphia students will find working instruments when they return to school this fall. Hopefully, the success of this unusual attempt will encourage public school districts around the country to come up with creative ways to keep their rapidly-disappearing arts programs alive.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个使学校的受损乐器能得到及时修复并重放光彩的项目。
5．What made Blackson create the project?
A．A number of damaged instruments at school.
B．The big benefits of repairing instruments.
C．The strong wish to start an orchestra.
D．A couple of closed schools.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Among the items being...1，000 of them were repairable.可知，当Blackson在学校发现许多受损乐器不能被及时修复而被遗弃的时候，他想到一个帮助这些受损乐器的计划。
6．How did Lang look at Blackson’s project?
A．He was surprised by it.
B．He had doubts about it.
C．He strongly supported it.
D．He paid no attention to it.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的So when Blackson told me...change the life of a student及Lang为这些受损乐器作曲的描述可知，Lang认为这些乐器在修复好之后会对学生产生意想不到的影响，所以他很支持这个项目。
7．How did the project raise funds?
A．By asking 400 musicians to sing together.
B．By selling the damaged instruments online.
C．By holding a concert for broken instruments.
D．By inviting prize-winning composers to write music.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Symphony for a Broken Orchestra” took place...what broken instruments could do.和The performance, which raised much-needed funds可知，为了筹集资金，Blackson他们办了一场由400人参与弹奏受损乐器的音乐会。
8．What is the achievement of the project?
A．It stresses the importance of learning arts.
B．It brings hope to arts programs at school.
C．It provides money for Philadelphia students.
D．It allows poor students to perform inventively.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Hopefully, the success of this unusual attempt...keep their rapidly-disappearing arts programs alive.可知，“Symphony for a Broken Orchestra”这一项目给学校的艺术项目带来希望，鼓励他们找到别出心裁的办法来拯救日渐消失的艺术。
完形填空
When I was younger, I loved to read. I could get through a whole book in a day, and used to __1__ my parents every night to let me stay up later so I could “just __2__ my chapter(章节)”. I read any literature(著作) that I could get my hands on.
However, __3__ there are many books for younger children, once you reach your mid-teens the choices become __4__. I found myself choosing between books for children that were __5__ and boring, and adult books that I couldn’t quite understand.
This lack of choice __6__ led me to read less and less. When I was in secondary school, the __7__ books I read were ones we were assigned in English class, and I was never very __8__ about my teacher’s choices. I thought too much discussion of symbolism(象征意义) and themes __9__ the book. Maybe the sky being blue didn’t __10__ anything; maybe it was just a description! Rather than making me more __11__ in literature, it made me __12__ want to pick up a book again.
I reluctantly(不情愿地) chose a French literature course in my first year at university. I started out unhappy, determined not to __13__ any of the works we were studying over the course of the year. However, I soon __14__ that at a university level, the discussion was more __15__ and the books were more interesting! Being able to discuss my thoughts with other people meant that I could better __16__ the subtle aspects of the books—even the symbolism and themes.
I began reading again for __17__. Now, during my year abroad, I spend a lot of my spare time in bookshops and __18__ in cafés, and even attend a monthly book club with some other language assistants.
Reading is a great way to widen your horizons(视野), __19__ your vocabulary and use your imagination. I’m so happy that I __20__ my love of books.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己从热爱读书到找不到有趣的书可读再到重新爱上读书的过程。
1．A.advise B．encourage
C．force D．ask
D 解析：根据本段中的I loved to read及I could get through a whole book可知，作者小时候酷爱读书，常常“请求(ask)”父母允许自己熬夜读书，这样他才能“看完(finish)”自己想看的章节。
2．A.choose B．change
C．finish D．study
C 解析：见上题。
3．A.while B．since
C．unless D．if
A 解析：根据本段中的I found myself choosing between books for children...and adult books及下一段中的This lack of choice可知，“虽然(while)”儿童书籍很多，但是当你再大一些到了少年时期，你就会发现你的选择变得“有限(limited)”了。作者就发现自己徘徊在“可笑的(silly)”、无聊的儿童书籍与自己读不懂的成人书籍之间。
4．A.free B．clear
C．wide D．limited
D 解析：见上题。
5．A.silly B．special
C．rare D．small
A 解析：见上题。
6．A.hardly B．usually
C．finally D．strangely
C 解析：根据本段中的This lack of choice...read less and less及ones we were assigned in English class可知，选择的限制“最终(finally)”导致作者读的书越来越少。高中的时候，作者“唯一(only)”阅读的书籍是英语课上老师指定的书籍，而且作者对于老师的选择也缺乏“热情(enthusiastic)”。
7．A.next B．only
C．same D．last
B 解析：见上题。
8．A.certain B．concerned
C．doubtful D．enthusiastic
D 解析：见上题。
9．A.reviewed B．explained
C．ruined D．renewed
C 解析：根据本段中的too much discussion及maybe it was just a description可知，对象征意义和主题的过度讨论“毁掉(ruined)”了书籍本身。湛蓝的天空也许并不“代表(represent)”任何事物，它或许仅仅只是描写。
10．A.represent B．answer
C．advertise D．affect
A 解析：见上题。
11．A.successful B．interested
C．confident D．disappointed
B 解析：根据本段中对作者读书越来越少的描述可知，作者对文学的“兴趣(interested)”并未加深，也“不再(never)”爱读书。
12．A.nearly B．never
C．even D．already
B 解析：见上题。
13．A.share B．learn
C．touch D．enjoy
D 解析：根据本段中的I reluctantly(不情愿地) chose a French literature course及I started out unhappy可知，作者认为自己不会再“享受(enjoy)”那一学年课上学到的任何作品。
14．A.realized B．expected
C．thought D．supposed
A 解析：根据本段中的However及the books were more interesting可知，作者很快就“意识到(realized)”在大学里学生和老师对一本书的讨论变得更“有成效(fruitful)”，书本也更有趣。
15．A.similar B．formal
C．fruitful D．familiar
C 解析：见上题。
16．A.understand B．accept
C．praise D．predict
A 解析：根据本段中的Being able to discuss my thoughts with other people meant that...及the subtle aspects of the books可知，与他人交流想法能让作者更好地“理解(understand)”书中微妙的方面。
17．A.comfort B．pleasure
C．hope D．prize
B 解析：根据本段中的again及第一段中对作者爱读书的描述可知，作者又开始享受读书的“快乐(pleasure)”了。
18．A.chatting B．playing
C．sitting D．reading
D 解析：根据空前的I spend a lot of my spare time in bookshops可知，作者在书店里度过了很多闲暇的时光，也在咖啡店里“读书(reading)”。
19．A.know B．measure
C．expand D．show
C 解析：根据空前的widen your horizons(视野)可知，读书也是一种“扩大(expand)”词汇量的好方法。
20．A.expressed B．rediscovered
C．returned D．experienced
B 解析：根据第一段中对作者爱读书的描述可知，作者很高兴自己又“重新找回(rediscovered)”了对书籍的热爱。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
动词-ing形式作状语
1．(教材P34)________________(collect) and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
答案：Having collected
2．(教材P34)________________(experience) quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.
答案：Having experienced
3．(教材P34)____________ earlier ____________(collect) special clothes from the observatory，we put them on before we went any closer.
答案：Having；collected
4．(教材P35)________________(study) volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.
答案：Having studied
动词-ing的基本形式
分类
主动形式
被动形式
否定形式
一般式
doing
being done
not doing
not being done
完成式
having done
having been done
not having done
not having been done
1.动词-ing的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行。
◆Seeing Tom，I couldn’t help thinking of his younger brother.
看见汤姆，我禁不住想起了他的弟弟。
◆(北京卷)The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine.
公园里到处都是人，他们在阳光下玩得很愉快。
2．动词-ing的完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成了。
◆Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。
◆Having collected all the necessary materials, she began to write her report.
收集了所需要的材料， 她开始写报告。
3．动词-ing的被动式表示该动作与句子主语之间是被动关系。
◆Being asked to give a performance, they are busy preparing for it.
有人要求他们表演，他们正在忙于准备节目。
◆Having been laughed at for his mistakes, the boy was ashamed and embarrassed.
那男孩因犯错而被嘲笑，因此又羞愧又尴尬。
4．动词-ing的否定式一定要在动词-ing前加not：not doing/not being done或not having done/not having been done。
◆Not having been invited to the party, Mr Brown felt very disappointed.
没有被邀请参加宴会，布朗先生感到非常失望。
◆Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.
因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助了老师。
◆Not having finished his homework, the boy was not allowed to watch TV play.
由于没有做完作业，男孩不被允许看电视剧。
【即时演练1】——用所给词的适当形式填空
①Having__been__held(hold) back by the traffic jam, she couldn’t get there on time.
②Having__realized(realize) that your time is limited, you’ll have to study for your goals without anger or hesitation.
③Jenny pretended to be happy, saying(say) nothing about the argument with her parents.
④Finding(find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
动词-ing 形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1．时间状语
动词-ing形式作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while, after引出。
◆Hearing the result(＝When I heard the result), I couldn’t help jumping.
听到这个结果，我不禁跳了起来。
◆Having made full preparations(＝After we have made full preparations), we are ready for the examination now.
我们已经做了充分的准备，现在可以应考了。
2．原因状语
动词-ing形式作原因状语，可以与as/since/because等引导的原因状语从句转换。
◆Being so excited(＝As he was so excited), he couldn’t go to sleep that night.
由于非常激动，那晚他没睡着觉。
◆Having lived in the city many years(＝Since I had lived in the city many years), I knew it very well.
因为在这个城市住了多年，所以我对它很了解。
3．条件状语
动词-ing形式作条件状语，可以与if/unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。
◆Working hard at your lessons(＝If you work hard at your lessons), you will succeed.
如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。
◆Not making good use of the time(＝If you don’t make good use of the time), you’ll regret.
如果不好好利用时间，你会后悔的。
4．方式或伴随状语
动词-ing形式作方式或伴随状语，不可以转换成从句，但可以转换成并列句。
◆The girls came into the classroom, singing and dancing(＝and they sang and danced)．
女孩们唱着跳着进了教室。
◆He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time(＝and stared at the sky for a long time)．
他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
5．结果状语
动词-ing形式作结果状语，表示必然的结果，它常常位于句末，可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句，有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。
◆His father died, leaving him a lot of money(＝and left him a lot of money/which left him a lot of money)．
他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。
6．让步状语
动词-ing形式作让步状语，可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。
◆Knowing all this(＝Although they knew all this), they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。
◆Having made up my mind(＝Though I had made up my mind), I still wanted to play.
尽管我已下定决心，我仍然想玩。
【即时演练2】——句型转换
①When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
→Seeing__those__pictures,__she remembered her childhood.
②Because I don’t know his address, I can’t send this book to him.
→Not__knowing__his__address,__I can’t send this book to him.
③If you use your head, you’ll have a good idea./Use your head and you’ll have a good idea.
→Using__your__head,__you’ll have a good idea.
④The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.
→The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding__that he had enjoyed his stay here.
⑤A number of new machines were installed in the factory, which resulted in an increase in production.
→A number of new machines were installed in the factory, resulting__in an increase in production.
⑥Although I admit what she said, I still think she hasn’t tried her best.
→Admitting__what__she__said,__I still think she hasn’t tried her best.
动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项
1．逻辑主语
动词-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。
◆Being ill, he didn’t attend the wedding.
因为生病，他没有出席婚礼。(he与being ill 是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill.)
2．独立结构
有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语，这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的，因此又叫独立主格结构，构成形式是“名词/代词＋动词-ing”。
◆She being ill, her mother had to look after her at home.
她生病了，她母亲不得不在家照顾她。
◆The meeting being over, we went to play football.
会议一结束，我们就去踢足球了。
3．独立成分作状语
有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语。常见的有：
generally speaking 一般说来
strictly speaking 严格说来
judging from/by 根据……来判断
considering.../taking ...into consideration
考虑到……
supposing 假设；如果
providing 如果
assuming 假使
Generally speaking, as a foreign language, Chinese is more difficult to learn than English.
一般说来，作为一门外语，汉语要比英语难学。
4．连词＋现在分词
由when/while/after/before/once/if/though/unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋现在分词”的结构式。
◆Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.
＝Though they lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university.
尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。
【即时演练3】
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining(explain) why she didn’t want the children to play together.
②Judging(judge) from what he said, he wasn’t satisfied with my work.
③Once losing(lose) this chance, you can’t easily find it.
(2)句型转换
①If time permits, we’ll go for a picnic tomorrow.
→Time__permitting,__we’ll go for a picnic tomorrow.
②After she had finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.
→Having__finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV.
③Because they had been warned by the teacher, they didn’t make such mistakes.
→Having__been__warned by the teacher, they didn’t make such mistakes.
④When autumn comes, swallows go to the south.
→Autumn__coming,__swallows go to the south.
单句语法填空
1．Adopting(adopt) this method, you can solve the problem in a shorter time.
2．Having__decided(decide) to go to Shanghai next month, I booked a ticket online in advance.
3．The dog entered the room, following(follow) the boy.
4．Time permitting(permit), Joe will be able to finish the project very successfully.
5．Whenever asked(ask) about it, he could hardly hold back his emotions.
6．Reading(read) the book alone in his room, Peter nodded from time to time.
7．When visiting(visit) the Great Wall, they made a side trip to the nearby villages.
8．Though living(live) near my aunt’s house, I seldom see her these days.
9．The boy leading(lead) the way, we had no trouble finding the cave.
10．Not having__done(do) physical exercise for some time, Tim is not as energetic as before.
11．A terrible earthquake happened many years ago, causing(cause) tens of thousands of deaths.
12．Having__finished(finish) his homework, the boy was allowed to play computer games for a while.
单句改错
1．Saw the road covered with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.Saw→Seeing
2．Had caught the bus, Johnson got to the office earlier that day.Had→Having
3．Having lived in Beijing for five years, and William is totally used to the life here.去掉and
4．Hundreds of people were gathered at the airport cheered the visiting president.cheered→cheering
5．Standing by the sea, he couldn’t help feel how small he was.feel→feeling
6．After graduation, he made up his mind to devote all his time to help the people with cancer.help→helping
语法与写作
1．那个孩子摔倒了，头撞到了门上。
The child fell down, striking__his__head against the door.
2．昨天我走在田野里时，看见了一只白兔。
While__walking in the field yesterday, I saw a white rabbit.
3．由于没有完成任务，他们不得不在那里再待一周。
Not__having__completed the task, they had to stay there for another week.
4．很多救援人员正日夜不停地工作，向受灾地区运送物资。
Lots of rescue workers are working around the clock, sending__supplies__to the disaster－stricken areas.
5．这些孩子们又说又笑地跑出房间。
The children ran out of the room, talking and laughing．
6．由于不知道他的电话号码，我没法和他取得联系。
Not__knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t get in touch with him.
7．他把咖啡杯掉在了地上，摔得粉碎。
He dropped the coffee cup onto the ground, breaking it into pieces.
8．他们坐在院子里，谈论他们一起度过的日子。
They sat in the yard, talking__about the days they spent together.
单句语法填空
1．Having__lost(lose) my best friend, I realized how much she meant to me.
2．Having__fed(feed) his little dog, the old man went out to play cards with his neighbors.
3．Last night, having__realized(realize) that it was my fault, I went to apologize to her.
4．Yesterday afternoon, having__helped(help) me finish my homework, Mom started to do housework.
5．Having__watered(water) all the flowers, the little girl left the greenhouse happily.
6．The boy pretended to__be__reading(read) when his mother came in.
7．You’re going to England next year. You should now practise speaking(speak) English as much as possible.
8．As she is looking forward to hearing(hear) from me, please remember to__post(post) this letter on your way to school.
9．Having__been__shown(show) around the Water Cube, the tourists were taken to visit the Bird’s Nest.
10．Walking(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, the old man could feel the warmth of the spring.
阅读理解
Although fires are still a danger in every major city today, they were a much more serious problem in earlier centuries. The historic fire of London was a serious example of the damage fire can cause. Finally, however, this disaster also positively affected the city.
In 1666, the Great Fire of London burned out of control for three days, destroying most of the central district of the city. The disaster caused a huge amount of damage—around seventy thousand people lost their homes. At the time, there were only about eighty thousand living in the city. There are no accurate records of how many people died in the fire because the worst damage happened in poor neighborhoods. Unfortunately, the government didn’t record the deaths of poor people in those early times.
When the fire happened, people in London were already struggling to survive a large plague(瘟疫) outbreak that had begun in 1665. London’s housing troubles were a major cause of the problem. At the time, much of central London consisted of closely packed and poorly made wooden buildings. This created an unhealthy environment because germs travelled freely from home to home. In addition, the buildings were on narrow, dirty streets where people threw their garbage. Rats were attracted by the garbage, and they brought fleas(跳蚤)—the carriers of the plague. Once people caught the plague from flea bites，the disease spread rapidly throughout the city especially in the cramped central district. It was in these terrible conditions that the Great Fire raged through London.
Despite the damage, the fire had a positive effect because it destroyed the old, poorly made wooden buildings. It also killed most of the rats and fleas, which slowed the spread of the plague. After the fire, the government rebuilt the damaged areas. Whenever possible, they used brick or stone. Thus, the new houses were much more solid and more difficult for rats to enter. Widened streets and improved garbage collection also helped to stop the disease from spreading from person to person because there was simply more room to walk.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。1666年的伦敦大火造成了非常严重的损失，但同时也结束了自1665年以来伦敦的鼠疫问题。
1．Which of the following is TRUE about fires in the past?
A．They mainly happened in large cities.
B．They always had some positive effects.
C．They caused small amounts of damage.
D．They were more dangerous than fires today.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的they were a much more serious problem in earlier centuries可知，虽然火灾现在依然是大城市的一大威胁，但是在更早的几个世纪，火灾是更加严重的问题。
2．Why are there no accurate death records of the fire?
A．The numbers were beyond counting.
B．The government intended to hide the facts.
C．The records were destroyed in another fire.
D．The deaths of poor people were unrecorded.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的There are no accurate records of how many people died in the fire...the government didn’t record the deaths of poor people in those early times.可知，在伦敦大火中有多少人丧生并没有准确的记录，因为政府没有记录有多少穷人死亡。
3．What does the underlined word “cramped” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Ancient. B．Crowded.
C．Damaged. D．Popular.
B 解析：词义猜测题。由第三段中的closely packed and poorly made wooden buildings和the buildings were on narrow, dirty streets可知，疾病在整个城市蔓延，特别是在拥挤的中心城区。由此推断，cramped意为“狭窄的，拥挤的”。
4．Why did the government rebuild the city with brick and stone after the fire?
A．To reduce building costs.
B．To make houses stronger.
C．To keep fleas out of the city.
D．To stop the plague spreading.
B 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的the new houses were much more solid and more difficult for rats to enter可知，政府用砖和石头来重建被烧毁的地区，目的是想把房子建得更坚固。
七选五
Most students apply for admission at a number of different universities. This can be a stressful process, but the pressure doesn’t end with an acceptance letter. It is not unusual to be accepted by several universities. 1.________ Evaluating a university campus requires research into curriculums, living arrangements, location, social activities, and other things.
The process of evaluating a university campus should not be done with haste. There are no set rules as to which university campus will be the best fit. The decision is highly personal. 2.________
Your first step in evaluating a university campus begins with a firsthand look. 3.________ Talk to professors, advisors and other students. If a university campus strikes you as friendly, familiar, and attractive, your final decision will be simpler.
4．________ Social events and cultural amenities(生活设施) play a large role in campus life. Some students seek the familiar, while others prefer something new and different. Look at apartments for rent, and ask for a tour of dormitories. Check with the local chamber of commerce(商会) to discover if the area offers activities you enjoy.
Do not make your final decision until you have personally inspected(视察) the campus of every university into which you have been admitted. 5.________ The knowledge you gain from your visits, research, and explorations will allow you to make your choice with a minimum of doubt or worry.
A．Take a trip and walk around the campus.
B．People work best in an environment that makes them happy.
C．Living on campus is an important part of a student’s education.
D．It is important to tour the city or town in which the university is located.
E．Take some time and weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each university.
F．This requires a decision as to which one best serves your goals, needs, and desires.
G．The perfect campus for one student might be completely inappropriate for another.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了学生应该如何评估一所大学是否适合自己。
1．F 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句内容存在逻辑上的指代关系，该句中的This指的是前一句It is not unusual to be accepted by several universities.并且根据句中which one可知，需要决定哪一所高校最符合自己的目标、需要、想法。
2．G 解析：此空设于段尾，与前一句形成解释关系，进一步说明大学评估是一件个人的事情，有的大学对某个学生很适合，但是对其他学生来说也可能完全不合适。
3．A 解析：此空设于段中，与后一句形成并列关系，说明评估一所大学的第一步是要去大学校园看一下。
4．D 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容Look at apartments for rent, and ask for a tour of dormitories及Check with the local chamber of commerce(商会)都是对该主题句的具体阐释。
5．E 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在逻辑上的指代关系，该句中的each指的是前一句中的the campus of every university，并且进一步解释上句，需要给自己一些时间来权衡利弊。
语法填空
Scientists have an idea to help us get to sleep faster. All you need is a pen and paper. The scientists from Baylor University in Texas, USA did research into 1.____________ we can fall asleep more quickly. They found that writing a to－do list can be 2.____________(help). The researchers said to－do lists make us feel 3.____________(relax) because we don’t need to worry about the things we have to do. If we write down the things we need to do, we can forget about them, so we become much 4.____________(calm). A researcher added, “We live in a culture in 5.____________ our to－do lists seem to be 6.____________(constant) growing and causing us 7.____________(worry) about unfinished tasks at bedtime.”
The researchers looked at the sleeping patterns of 57 university students aged between 18 and 30. Half of 8.____________(they) had to write down a to－do list five minutes before they slept. Those who wrote a to－do list fell asleep around 9 minutes faster. The students who wrote detailed lists fell asleep faster 9.____________ students who wrote simple lists. The National Sleep Foundation said that around 40% of American adults have difficulty 10.____________(fall) asleep at least a few times each month.
1．how 解析：考查连接词。设空处所在句意为：来自美国得克萨斯州贝勒大学的科学家研究我们“怎样(how)”可以更快地入睡。
2．helpful 解析：考查形容词作表语。设空处作表语，表示“有帮助的”，故填helpful。
3．relaxed 解析：考查形容词。设空处与前面的feel一起作宾语补足语，表示“感到放松的”，故填relaxed。
4．calmer 解析：考查形容词比较级。由前面的much可知，应用形容词比较级，故填calmer。
5．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处与前面的in一起引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词culture，且作in的宾语，故填which。
6．constantly 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰growing，表示“不断地”，故填constantly。
7．to worry 解析：考查不定式作补语。cause sb. to do sth.意为“导致某人做某事”。
8．them 解析：考查代词。设空处作of的宾语，故填them。
9．than 解析：考查连词。由前面的faster可知，应填than。
10．falling 解析：考查固定用法。have difficulty (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。
短文改错
I believe the longest lasted friendships are those from our childhood and teenage years. And I’m not saying this without good reasons. I’ve made much friends at different stages in my life and I’ll make more as I get older. However, the friends I make when I was a kid are the better ones. I think it’s because these friends were made when we were still kid who only cared about each others. If I got along well another boy, whom I would make friends with him, then that’s all that mattered. It did not matter if he was rich and poor. It did not matter if he got bad grades. What really mattered were that we got along really well and we were friends. I think these friendships can last the lifetime.
答案：
I believe the longest friendships are those from our childhood and teenage years. And I’m not saying this without good reasons. I’ve made friends at different stages in my life and I’ll make more as I get older. However, the friends I when I was a kid are the better ones. I think it’s because these friends were made when we were still who only cared about each . If I got along well another boy, whom I would make friends with ， then that’s all that mattered. It did not matter if he was rich poor. It did not matter if he got bad grades. What really mattered that we got along really well and we were friends. I think these friendships can last lifetime.
课件36张PPT。Unit 5 The power of nature动词-ing的基本形式Having been heldHaving realizedsayingFinding动词-ing 形式作状语Seeing those picturesNot knowing his addressUsing your headadding thatresulting inAdmitting what she said动词-ing形式作状语的注意事项explainingJudginglosingTime permittingHaving finishedHaving been warnedAutumn comingAdoptingHaving decidedfollowingpermittingaskedReadingvisitinglivingleadinghaving donecausingHaving finishedSaw→SeeingHad→Having去掉andcheered→cheeringfeel→feelinghelp→helpingstriking his headWhile walkingNot having completed sending supplies totalkinglaughingNot knowing breakingtalking about本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．Having__lost(lose) my best friend, I realized how much she meant to me.
2．Having__fed(feed) his little dog, the old man went out to play cards with his neighbors.
3．Last night, having__realized(realize) that it was my fault, I went to apologize to her.
4．Yesterday afternoon, having__helped(help) me finish my homework, Mom started to do housework.
5．Having__watered(water) all the flowers, the little girl left the greenhouse happily.
6．The boy pretended to__be__reading(read) when his mother came in.
7．You’re going to England next year. You should now practise speaking(speak) English as much as possible.
8．As she is looking forward to hearing(hear) from me, please remember to__post(post) this letter on your way to school.
9．Having__been__shown(show) around the Water Cube, the tourists were taken to visit the Bird’s Nest.
10．Walking(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, the old man could feel the warmth of the spring.
阅读理解
Although fires are still a danger in every major city today, they were a much more serious problem in earlier centuries. The historic fire of London was a serious example of the damage fire can cause. Finally, however, this disaster also positively affected the city.
In 1666, the Great Fire of London burned out of control for three days, destroying most of the central district of the city. The disaster caused a huge amount of damage—around seventy thousand people lost their homes. At the time, there were only about eighty thousand living in the city. There are no accurate records of how many people died in the fire because the worst damage happened in poor neighborhoods. Unfortunately, the government didn’t record the deaths of poor people in those early times.
When the fire happened, people in London were already struggling to survive a large plague(瘟疫) outbreak that had begun in 1665. London’s housing troubles were a major cause of the problem. At the time, much of central London consisted of closely packed and poorly made wooden buildings. This created an unhealthy environment because germs travelled freely from home to home. In addition, the buildings were on narrow, dirty streets where people threw their garbage. Rats were attracted by the garbage, and they brought fleas(跳蚤)—the carriers of the plague. Once people caught the plague from flea bites，the disease spread rapidly throughout the city especially in the cramped central district. It was in these terrible conditions that the Great Fire raged through London.
Despite the damage, the fire had a positive effect because it destroyed the old, poorly made wooden buildings. It also killed most of the rats and fleas, which slowed the spread of the plague. After the fire, the government rebuilt the damaged areas. Whenever possible, they used brick or stone. Thus, the new houses were much more solid and more difficult for rats to enter. Widened streets and improved garbage collection also helped to stop the disease from spreading from person to person because there was simply more room to walk.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。1666年的伦敦大火造成了非常严重的损失，但同时也结束了自1665年以来伦敦的鼠疫问题。
1．Which of the following is TRUE about fires in the past?
A．They mainly happened in large cities.
B．They always had some positive effects.
C．They caused small amounts of damage.
D．They were more dangerous than fires today.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的they were a much more serious problem in earlier centuries可知，虽然火灾现在依然是大城市的一大威胁，但是在更早的几个世纪，火灾是更加严重的问题。
2．Why are there no accurate death records of the fire?
A．The numbers were beyond counting.
B．The government intended to hide the facts.
C．The records were destroyed in another fire.
D．The deaths of poor people were unrecorded.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的There are no accurate records of how many people died in the fire...the government didn’t record the deaths of poor people in those early times.可知，在伦敦大火中有多少人丧生并没有准确的记录，因为政府没有记录有多少穷人死亡。
3．What does the underlined word “cramped” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Ancient. B．Crowded.
C．Damaged. D．Popular.
B 解析：词义猜测题。由第三段中的closely packed and poorly made wooden buildings和the buildings were on narrow, dirty streets可知，疾病在整个城市蔓延，特别是在拥挤的中心城区。由此推断，cramped意为“狭窄的，拥挤的”。
4．Why did the government rebuild the city with brick and stone after the fire?
A．To reduce building costs.
B．To make houses stronger.
C．To keep fleas out of the city.
D．To stop the plague spreading.
B 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的the new houses were much more solid and more difficult for rats to enter可知，政府用砖和石头来重建被烧毁的地区，目的是想把房子建得更坚固。
七选五
Most students apply for admission at a number of different universities. This can be a stressful process, but the pressure doesn’t end with an acceptance letter. It is not unusual to be accepted by several universities. 1.________ Evaluating a university campus requires research into curriculums, living arrangements, location, social activities, and other things.
The process of evaluating a university campus should not be done with haste. There are no set rules as to which university campus will be the best fit. The decision is highly personal. 2.________
Your first step in evaluating a university campus begins with a firsthand look. 3.________ Talk to professors, advisors and other students. If a university campus strikes you as friendly, familiar, and attractive, your final decision will be simpler.
4．________ Social events and cultural amenities(生活设施) play a large role in campus life. Some students seek the familiar, while others prefer something new and different. Look at apartments for rent, and ask for a tour of dormitories. Check with the local chamber of commerce(商会) to discover if the area offers activities you enjoy.
Do not make your final decision until you have personally inspected(视察) the campus of every university into which you have been admitted. 5.________ The knowledge you gain from your visits, research, and explorations will allow you to make your choice with a minimum of doubt or worry.
A．Take a trip and walk around the campus.
B．People work best in an environment that makes them happy.
C．Living on campus is an important part of a student’s education.
D．It is important to tour the city or town in which the university is located.
E．Take some time and weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each university.
F．This requires a decision as to which one best serves your goals, needs, and desires.
G．The perfect campus for one student might be completely inappropriate for another.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了学生应该如何评估一所大学是否适合自己。
1．F 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句内容存在逻辑上的指代关系，该句中的This指的是前一句It is not unusual to be accepted by several universities.并且根据句中which one可知，需要决定哪一所高校最符合自己的目标、需要、想法。
2．G 解析：此空设于段尾，与前一句形成解释关系，进一步说明大学评估是一件个人的事情，有的大学对某个学生很适合，但是对其他学生来说也可能完全不合适。
3．A 解析：此空设于段中，与后一句形成并列关系，说明评估一所大学的第一步是要去大学校园看一下。
4．D 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段后面的内容Look at apartments for rent, and ask for a tour of dormitories及Check with the local chamber of commerce(商会)都是对该主题句的具体阐释。
5．E 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在逻辑上的指代关系，该句中的each指的是前一句中的the campus of every university，并且进一步解释上句，需要给自己一些时间来权衡利弊。
语法填空
Scientists have an idea to help us get to sleep faster. All you need is a pen and paper. The scientists from Baylor University in Texas, USA did research into 1.____________ we can fall asleep more quickly. They found that writing a to－do list can be 2.____________(help). The researchers said to－do lists make us feel 3.____________(relax) because we don’t need to worry about the things we have to do. If we write down the things we need to do, we can forget about them, so we become much 4.____________(calm). A researcher added, “We live in a culture in 5.____________ our to－do lists seem to be 6.____________(constant) growing and causing us 7.____________(worry) about unfinished tasks at bedtime.”
The researchers looked at the sleeping patterns of 57 university students aged between 18 and 30. Half of 8.____________(they) had to write down a to－do list five minutes before they slept. Those who wrote a to－do list fell asleep around 9 minutes faster. The students who wrote detailed lists fell asleep faster 9.____________ students who wrote simple lists. The National Sleep Foundation said that around 40% of American adults have difficulty 10.____________(fall) asleep at least a few times each month.
1．how 解析：考查连接词。设空处所在句意为：来自美国得克萨斯州贝勒大学的科学家研究我们“怎样(how)”可以更快地入睡。
2．helpful 解析：考查形容词作表语。设空处作表语，表示“有帮助的”，故填helpful。
3．relaxed 解析：考查形容词。设空处与前面的feel一起作宾语补足语，表示“感到放松的”，故填relaxed。
4．calmer 解析：考查形容词比较级。由前面的much可知，应用形容词比较级，故填calmer。
5．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处与前面的in一起引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词culture，且作in的宾语，故填which。
6．constantly 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰growing，表示“不断地”，故填constantly。
7．to worry 解析：考查不定式作补语。cause sb. to do sth.意为“导致某人做某事”。
8．them 解析：考查代词。设空处作of的宾语，故填them。
9．than 解析：考查连词。由前面的faster可知，应填than。
10．falling 解析：考查固定用法。have difficulty (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。
短文改错
I believe the longest lasted friendships are those from our childhood and teenage years. And I’m not saying this without good reasons. I’ve made much friends at different stages in my life and I’ll make more as I get older. However, the friends I make when I was a kid are the better ones. I think it’s because these friends were made when we were still kid who only cared about each others. If I got along well another boy, whom I would make friends with him, then that’s all that mattered. It did not matter if he was rich and poor. It did not matter if he got bad grades. What really mattered were that we got along really well and we were friends. I think these friendships can last the lifetime.
答案：
I believe the longest friendships are those from our childhood and teenage years. And I’m not saying this without good reasons. I’ve made friends at different stages in my life and I’ll make more as I get older. However, the friends I when I was a kid are the better ones. I think it’s because these friends were made when we were still who only cared about each . If I got along well another boy, whom I would make friends with ， then that’s all that mattered. It did not matter if he was rich poor. It did not matter if he got bad grades. What really mattered that we got along really well and we were friends. I think these friendships can last lifetime.
Section Ⅴ Writing
介绍旅游景点
文体感知
介绍旅游景点就是对旅游景点的介绍说明，属于说明文。注意事项：1.理清所要介绍的旅游景点是什么，具有哪些重要性或历史意义。2.明确文章结构：开头部分交代清楚介绍的景点及景点的位置；第二部分介绍景点的路线和风景；第三部分对景点进行总结和评价。3.找准时态与人称，理清写作顺序。
增分佳句
1．It is famous at home and abroad as a well known attraction.
作为知名景点，它在国内外是非常著名的。
2．At someplace, something will attract your attention.
在某地，有些东西会吸引你的注意。
3．On the way to someplace, you will see something.
在去某地的路上，你将会看到某些东西。
4．Why not do something?
为什么不做些事情呢？
写作模板
Located in ____________， it is famous at home and abroad as ____________. It has ____________， which is ____________．(总体介绍旅游景点)
At ____________， ____________ will attract your attention. On the way to ____________， you will see ____________. Arriving at ____________， you can ____________. You can ____________ on foot, taking ____________， or riding ____________， along which you can enjoy ____________．(叙述景点和旅游方式)
It is ____________ for us ____________. Why not ____________？(表达评价及呼吁人们到此旅游)
写作要求
请写一篇100词左右的短文介绍华山。要点如下：
1．华山位于陕西省华阴市，是我国著名的五岳(Five Sacred Mountains)之一；
2．华山有五座山峰，分别为东峰、西峰、南峰、北峰和中峰；
3．可以步行上山，也可以乘索道(ropeway)或缆车(cable car)。
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．位于 be__located__in
2．国内外 at__home__and__abroad
3．五大主峰 five__main__peaks
4．在山脚下 at__the__foot__of
5．吸引你的注意 attract__your__attention
6．在路上 on__the__way__to
7．欣赏美丽风景 enjoy__beautiful__scenes
遣词造句
1. 完成句子
①华山位于陕西省华阴市。
Mount Hua is__located__in Huayin county, Shaanxi Province.
②华山作为五岳之一而闻名于国内外。
It is__famous__at__home__and__abroad__as__one__of the Five Sacred Mountains of China.
③华山有五座山峰：东峰、西峰、南峰、北峰和中峰，每座山峰都有一个不寻常的故事。
It has five main peaks: the East Peak, the West Peak, the South Peak, the North Peak and the Middle Peak, and each__of__them has an unusual story.
④山脚下，首先吸引你的是瀑布。
At__the__foot__of the mountain, the waterfalls will first attract__your__attention．
⑤到达山顶，你可以俯视云海。
When you arrive at the top, you can look__out__over__a__sea__of__clouds．
⑥你可以步行上山，也可以乘索道或缆车，沿途你可以欣赏到美丽的自然风景。
You can climb to the top on____foot,__taking__the__ropeway,__or riding in a cable car, and along the way you can enjoy beautiful__scenes．
2．句式升级
⑦把①和②合并成一个含有分词短语的句子。
Located__in__Huayin__county,__Shaanxi__Province,__Mount Hua is famous at home and abroad as one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China.
⑧把③改成一个非限制性定语从句。
It has five main peaks：the East Peak, the West Peak, the South Peak, the North Peak and the Middle Peak, each__of__which__has__an__unusual__story．
⑨把⑤改成简单句，使用现在分词短语作状语。
Arriving__at__the__top,__you can look out over a sea of clouds.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Mount Hua
Located in Huayin county, Shaanxi Province, Mount Hua is famous at home and abroad as one of the Five Sacred Mountains of China. It has five main peaks: the East Peak, the West Peak, the South Peak, the North Peak and the Middle Peak, each of which has an unusual story.
At the foot of the mountain, the waterfalls will first attract your attention. On the way to the top, you’ll see a number of strange hills and unique rocks. Arriving at the top, you can look out over a sea of clouds. You can climb to the top on foot, taking the ropeway, or riding in a cable car, along which you can enjoy beautiful scenes.
Now it is attracting more and more people. Why not pay a visit there?
假定你是李华。你的英国朋友Bob打算暑期来贵州旅游，发来邮件向你了解著名旅游景点——梵净山的情况。请你根据所给提示给他回一封邮件。
1．位于贵州省铜仁市，海拔2 572米；
2．风光秀丽，珍稀动植物种类繁多；
3．著名五大佛教圣地(Buddhist holy site)之一；
4．2018年7月入选世界遗产名录(the World Heritage List)。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Bob，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Bob，
I’m delighted to learn that you’ve chosen Guizhou as your summer holiday destination. I’d like to offer you some information about Fanjing Mountain.
Fanjing Mountain, 2，572 meters above sea level, is located in Tongren City, Guizhou Province. The scene there is beyond description and there exists a variety of precious plants and animals. Apart from the impressive scenery, Fanjing Mountain, one of the five most famous Buddhist holy sites, has a good number of temples in typical Chinese style. Thanks to its special characteristics, it was placed on the World Heritage List in July, 2018.
I do believe a trip to Fanjing Mountain would be a feast for your eyes. Wish you a nice trip!
Yours，
Li__Hua
课件21张PPT。Unit 5 The power of naturebe located inat home and abroadfive main peaksat the foot ofattract your attentionon the way toenjoy beautiful scenesis located inis famous at home and abroad as one ofeach of themAt the foot ofattract your attentionlook out over a sea of on foottaking the ropewaybeautiful scenescloudsLocated in Huayin county, Shaanxi Provinceeach of which has Arriving at the topan unusual story本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.appoint vt.任命；委派
①She was the first woman to__be__appointed(appoint) to the board, for which she felt very excited and happy.
②I need to make an appointment(appoint) with Mike to discuss the matter.
2.absolute adj.绝对的；完全的
Lucy is absolutely(absolute) devoted to her career and has been appointed as chief manager.
3.suit n．一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜
①There’s a range of restaurants to__suit(suit) all tastes.
②Our milk powder is especially suitable(suit) for children under 6, as it helps a lot to build the body’s natural defence.
4.precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的
As far as I’m concerned, nothing is more__precious(precious) than health.
5.anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的
①He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety．(anxious)
②Parents are usually anxious about the children when they don’t come back home from school.
6.appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢
①To show our appreciation(appreciate) for all your hard work, we’d like to give you a bonus.
②I’d appreciate it if you can arrange this for me.
7.guarantee vt.保证；担保
①If our interests are not guaranteed(guarantee), I won’t sign my name on the paper.
②If you have the interest to visit there, don’t forget to take a camera and you are guaranteed to__enjoy(enjoy) the sights in their natural state.
8.panic n．惊慌；恐慌 vi.& vt.惊慌
①There’s no need to get__into__a__panic(陷入恐慌中). The exam is not as difficult as you imagine.
②We will not be__panicked(panic) into making a decision before we have considered all the evidence.
续 表
阅读词汇排查练
1.diagram n． 图解；图表；示意图
2.volcano n. 火山
3.ash n. 灰；灰末
4.questionnaire n. 问卷；调查表
5.database n. 数据库；资料库
6.molten adj. 熔化的；熔融的
7.spaceman n． 宇航员；航天专家
8.helmet n. 头盔
9.boot n. 靴子
10.candidate n. 候选人；候补者
11.typhoon n. 台风
12.thunderstorm n. 雷暴
13.document n. 文件；证件
14.rainbow n. 彩虹
15.balcony n. 阳台
16.arouse vt. 激发；唤醒
17.peak n. 山顶；顶峰
18.persuasion n. 信服；说服
重点短语
会书写
会应用
1.make__one’s__way 前往
2.glance__through 匆匆看一遍
3.vary__from...to... 由……到……不等
4.give__birth__to... 生产；生育……
5.be__compared__with... 与……相比
6.have__a__gift__for 有……的天赋
7.be__appointed__as... 被委派为……
8.burn__to__the__ground 全部焚毁
9.be__about__to__do__sth. 即将做某事
10.refer__to 查阅，参考，指的是
11.in__(a)__panic 惊慌失措地
12.be__anxious__about 为……担心/担忧
13.be__home__to 是……的栖息地
1.Mr Smith glanced__through the report and asked his secretary to make some slight adjustments once again.
2.Having admired the beautiful view, she began to make__her__way down the mountain.
3.William is__anxious__about the examination to be held, because he hasn’t prepared for it at all.
4.Last month our cat gave__birth__to two babies, both of which are very lovely.
5.Tang Lin has__a__gift__for ping-pong and has played it for many years, so he can take part in the game on behalf of our class.
6.On hearing the explosion, the crowd in__panic fled in all directions.
7.The Rockies are__home__to bears and mountain lions.
重点句型
1．be about to do...when...正要做……这时……
我正要去你家帮助你学英语，这时我叔叔来了。
I was__about__to__go to your home to help you with your English when my uncle came.
2．独立主格结构
班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。
The__monitor__being__ill,__we’d better put the meeting off.
3．only to do sth.表示出乎意料的结果
我于1月18日到达上海，结果发现约翰已离开。
I arrived at Shanghai on January 18th, only__to__find that John had left.
4．It is said that...据说……
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)据说这部英文短片主要与我们学校的发展有关。
It__is__said__that the short English film is mainly related to the development of our school.
5．however引导让步状语，意为“无论多么……”，可用no matter how替换
无论我们距离有多远，我们都感觉近在咫尺。
However__far__away__we__are,__we feel close to each other.
单元语法
1．Having__said(say) goodbye to the hosts, John left the house in a hurry.
2．Having__received(receive) his letter, I decided to write back.
3．Arriving(arrive) at the classroom, the children began to do cleaning.
4．The song is sung all over the country, making(make) it the most popular song.
5．Having__been__appointed(appoint) as chairman, Tony held a family get-together to celebrate it.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．他下班后正要往家走，这时突然听到呼救声。(be about to do...when...; make one’s way)
2．他匆匆扫了对面大楼一眼，发现它着火了。(glance through)
3．他跑过去，发现被困在大楼里的人陷入恐慌中。(in a panic)
4．他非常担心他们的安全，立刻打119报警求助。(be anxious about)
5．帮消防队员灭火之后，他回家了。(分词作状语)
6．据说后来他被任命为部门经理。(It is said that...; be appointed as)
7．他觉得这个职位很适合他，并保证把它做好。(suit; guarantee)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
He was about to make his way home after work when he heard crying for help.He glanced through the opposite building and found it was on fire, so he ran towards it and found that the trapped persons in the building were in a panic.Anxious about their safety, he called 119 for help immediately.Having helped the firefighters put out the fire, he went home.It is said that he was appointed as department manager later and he thought the post suited him very well and guaranteed that he would do it well.
课件19张PPT。Unit 5 The power of natureto be appointedappointmentabsolutelyto suitsuitablemore preciousanxiousanxietyaboutappreciationitguaranteedto enjoyget into a panicbe panicked图解；图表；示意图火山灰；灰末问卷；调查表数据库；资料库熔化的；熔融的宇航员；航天专家头盔靴子候选人；候补者台风雷暴文件；证件彩虹阳台激发；唤醒山顶；顶峰信服；说服make one’s wayglance throughvary from...to...give birth to...be compared with...have a gift forbe appointed as...burn to the groundbe about to do sth.refer toin (a) panicbe anxious about be home toglanced throughmake her wayis anxious aboutgave birth tohas a gift forin panicare home towas about to gowhenThe monitor being illonly to findIt is said thatHowever far away we areHaving saidHaving receivedArrivingmakingHaving been appointed本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放综合过关检测
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man mean?
A．The keyboard also needs cleaning.
B．The screen doesn’t need to be cleaned.
C．There’s not enough time to clean the keyboard.
2．When should the girl hand in her paper?
A．Tomorrow. B．Today. C．Yesterday.
3．What will the woman do this evening?
A．See a film with the man.
B．Go to the railway station.
C．Stay with her dad at home.
4．What can we learn from the conversation?
A．The woman sells women’s clothes.
B．The two speakers agree with each other.
C．The man wants to buy a gift for his wife.
5．Who is the man probably?
A．A policeman.
B．The woman’s neighbor.
C．The woman’s son.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、 B、 C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What part of the woman’s body hurts?
A．Her neck. B．Her back. C．Her arms.
7．What does the man suggest the woman do?
A．Take regular breaks.
B．Spend less time on the computer.
C．Relax her arms every half an hour.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Hotel clerk and customer.
B．Parent and child.
C．Husband and wife.
9．What do the two speakers plan to do this evening?
A．Go to a party.
B．Go to a club.
C．Relax by the pool.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．How much has the man spent?
A．$4.70. B．$7.14. C．$7.40.
11．What does the man want to buy for college?
A．A good shirt. B．A good watch. C．A good tie.
12．Where will Peter wait for the two speakers?
A．In the watch department.
B．In a cigarette store.
C．At the barber’s.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．On which floor does Linda live?
A．The 17th floor. B．The 7th floor. C．The 6th floor.
14．How did Linda seem to feel when she called at the woman’s flat?
A．Sad. B．Surprised. C．Nervous.
15．What did the woman hurry to do yesterday evening?
A．Have a dance class.
B．Attend a party.
C．See a doctor.
16．What does the man probably do?
A．A teacher. B．A policeman. C．A lifeguard.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What is the speaker?
A．A tour guide. B．A zoo keeper. C．A teacher.
18．When will the special tour start?
A．At 12：30 p．m. B．At 11：00 a．m. C．At 9：00 a．m.
19．Where will the students be taken to first?
A．The zoo’s information centre.
B．The insect house.
C．The entrance.
20．What can we learn from the talk?
A．Students must bring money for the trip tomorrow.
B．Students are not allowed to feed the animals.
C．Students can buy sandwiches from the zoo shop.
答案：1－5.ACBAA 6－10.ACCBC 11－15.BCBCA
16－20.BCAAB
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：I’d better clean the screen of the computer right now.
M：Shouldn’t you clean your keyboard too？①
(Text 2)
M：I’m quite disappointed with you, Julia. All the students turned in their papers yesterday except you.②
W：I’m quite sorry, Professor Wang. I promise I’ll bring it tomorrow.
(Text 3)
M：Shall we go to the cinema this evening? I have two tickets.
W：Oh, sorry. I’m afraid I can’t. I’m seeing my dad off at the railway station at 7：00.③
(Text 4)
W：What can I do for you, sir?
M：I want to buy some shoes.
W：Oh, I am sorry, sir. Wrong place！These are women’s clothes.④
M：Oh, my goodness! I’m sorry.
(Text 5)
M：Where did you leave your bike?
W：At the bike park. I parked it right here at 8：30 this morning, but when I came back it was gone.
M：OK, Mrs. Richardson. We’ll keep a lookout, and if the bike turns up, we’ll let you know.⑤
W：Thank you.
(Text 6)
M：Betty, what’s the matter?
W：Well, at the end of the day at work, my neck really hurts.⑥
M：I see. Do you do a lot of computer work?
W：Well, yes, I spend all day at the computer, but I take regular breaks.
M：OK, that’s good, but, do you relax your arms?
W：Sorry?
M：Well, every half an hour, you should relax your arms to reduce the pressure on your neck.⑦
W：I see. I can do that.
(Text 7)
M：This is how a holiday should be—relaxing on the beach with a nice cool drink.
W：Isn’t it wonderful here? The kids are enjoying themselves in the swimming pool. I hope that it’s safe.
M：Don’t worry about them. They are very responsible. What’s more, there are many people there and there’s a lifeguard employed by the hotel. So, what shall we do this evening?
W：The kids said that they wanted to go to a party at the hotel. We could try that club which was recommended in the guidebook.⑨ We haven’t been to one for a long time.
M：That sounds like a great idea. We can really have a good time without worrying about the kids.⑧
(Text 8)
W：How much money have you spent, Simon?
M：I haven’t added it up yet.
W：Well, here’s a pencil and a piece of paper. Add it up and then we’ll discuss the watch. Perhaps you’ll be able to afford it.
M：I hope so. It comes to seven dollars and forty cents.⑩
W：That’s not bad. I thought you’d spent more.
M：Well, I bought the least expensive shirts, and the tie was less expensive than the one I showed you.
W：Good. Let’s look at the watch you want.
M：I want to get one of the better watches. I’ll need a good one for college.?
W：College? Oh, yes... you will need a good one for college.
M：Is Peter waiting for us in the watch department?
W：I think not. He went to get some cigarettes and some matches.
M：Doesn’t he smoke a pipe?
W：Yes, but he smokes cigarettes too. He’s going to meet us at the barber’s.?
(Text 9)
M：How well do you know the girl on the seventh floor？?
W：I hardly know her at all. I know her name is Linda.? We met in the lift once and introduced ourselves.
M：What time did Linda call at your flat yesterday?
W：That was around seven o’clock in the evening. She came to borrow something but she seemed to be very nervous.? I talked to her but she didn’t seem to listen to me. Five minutes later, she left and I hurried out to my dance class.?
M：What did you find when you come back from your dance class?
W：I saw police cars. I was surprised.
M：What did you find when you reached your flat?
W：A policeman was waiting for me and he took me up to Linda’s flat. Linda was lying on the floor, dead.
M：So you think Linda already knew someone was trying to kill her when she came to your flat?
W：Yes, I think Linda knew she was in danger. But I was too eager to go at that time.
M：OK, I think that’s enough questions for now.? Thank you, Miss.
(Text 10)
M：Before our trip to Westpark Zoo, I’d like you to write something for homework about a wild animal. Our trip is on Thursday, so I would like the homework on Wednesday.? The trip is nine pounds and if you haven’t paid already, you must bring your money to school tomorrow. If you want to bring some money to spend, you can, but not more than five pounds. We get to the zoo at about eleven o’clock. Later on, we’re going on a special tour with a zoo guide so everyone needs to be at the entrance at twelve thirty for the start of that.? The guide will then take us to the zoo’s information centre? before taking us to the insect house. Now, remember you mustn’t feed the zoo animals? but of course you can watch workers giving them something to eat. The lions get their food at three o’clock and the elephants are given theirs at four. There’s a zoo shop. You can buy postcards and toys there if you want. There’s also a café where you can get some sandwiches.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Have you ever thought of joining a book club and buying new books through the post? Here at the International Book Club, we already have many members buying books from us by mail.
Immediate(直接的) benefits：
·As a special offer, you may choose any reduced－price books from our new members’ book list, to the value of ￡6 in total (plus postage)．
·Tick(给……打勾) the box on your form to order a free watch.
·If you reply within seven days, we will send you another free gift carefully chosen from our book list.
·Order a DVD from the many on offer in our list, at half price.
When you’ve joined：
As a member, you’ll enjoy savings of between 30% and 50% off the publisher’s price on every book you buy, and what’s more, they’ll come straight to your door. Your free club magazine arrives once a month, to keep you up to date with the laters best－sellers.
Being a member：
All we are asking you to do while you are a member is to choose four books during your first year. After that, you can decide on the number of books you wish to take.
In each of our monthly club magazines, we choose a Club Choice book—a work of fiction(小说) or a reference title which is especially worth buying, and which is offered at a special price. However, if you do not want this book, just say no in the space provided on the form. We will always send the book if we do not receive this.
So, return your application form today, but hurry—it’s not every day we can make you an offer like this. To apply to become a member, all you need to do is send us your first order from our book list. Please don’t send any money now, as we will send you your bill with the books.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是一个国际图书俱乐部的广告。
21．What can you get as a new member?
A．A free DVD.
B．A free watch.
C．Two gifts from a book list.
D．Some new books worth ￡6.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据Immediate(直接的) benefits中的Tick(给……打勾) the box on your form to order a free watch.可知，新会员可以得到一块免费的手表。
22．What are you required to do as a member?
A．Buy monthly club magazines.
B．Pay membership fees every year.
C．Order four books in the first year.
D．Send money when you buy the book.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据Being a member中的All we are asking you to do while you are a member is to choose four books during your first year.可知，作为俱乐部会员，第一年需要购买四本书。
23．What can we learn about a Club Choice book?
A．It is a best－seller.
B．It is a must－buy book.
C．It is sold at a high price.
D．It is presented in monthly club magazines.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的In each of our monthly club magazines, we choose a Club Choice book可知，每个月的会员杂志中会介绍一本俱乐部挑选出来的书。
B
Just a few months ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents’ home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register, I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.
I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friend’s. We chatted on the way into the city, and when I got out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.
I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me. Soon afterward，I received a Christmas present from them.Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.
Months later, I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning.In the late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I’d left the lights on all day, and the battery was dead.Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford Dealership—a shop selling cars—was right next door.I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.
“Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？”I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment；so when I got home，I wrote them a note to say thanks.I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say thank you, and it meant a lot, he said.
“Thank you”—two powerful words. They’re easy to say and mean so much.
【解题导语】 本文作者通过自己得到陌生人帮助的两段经历告诉我们，向人表达谢意非常重要。
24．The author planned to stop in Oklahoma City ________．
A．to visit a friend
B．to see his parents
C．to pay at the cash register
D．to have more gas for his car
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的where I was planning to stop and visit a friend可知，作者在俄克拉何马城停留是为了看望一位朋友。
25．What happened when the author found black smoke coming out of his car?
A．He had it pulled back to the gas station.
B．The couple gave him a business card.
C．The couple offered to help him.
D．He called his friend for help.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三至五句可知，作者的小汽车出了故障，萍水相逢的老夫妻主动向他提供帮助。
26．The battery of the author’s car was dead because ________．
A．something went wrong with the lights
B．the meeting lasted a whole day
C．he forgot to turn off the lights
D．he drove too long a distance
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知作者因为忘记关车灯导致电池没电了。
27．By telling his own experiences, the author tries to show ________．
A．how to write a thank-you note
B．how to deal with car problems
C．the kind-heartedness of older people
D．the importance of expressing thanks
D 解析：推理判断题。根据本文最后一段内容可知作者通过自己的两段经历向我们阐述了表达谢意的重要性。
C
William Trubridge is a freediver, which means he takes one deep breath and swims down into the sea as deep as he can possibly go. William is a 15－time world record holder and the freediving world champion. In 2010, he became the first human to go down to 100 metres, and in July 2016 he reached 102 metres—all in one breath!
There are three different kinds of freediving: constant weight where the diver uses just his arms and legs; constant weight with fins(脚蹼) where the diver wears fins; and free immersion(攀绳下潜) where the diver uses a rope to help guide him on his way down and then back up. William’s an expert at constant weight.
He was born in England in 1980, and learnt to swim when he was 18 months old.
When he was still very young, his parents sold their home and bought a boat. Together, they sailed all the way to New Zealand allowing William to use the ocean as if it were his back yard. He became a very strong swimmer, and by the age of eight he could dive to 15 metres below the surface.
He has described freediving as a mental sport as much as a physical one. Before getting into the water, it is important for the diver to reach a certain mental state and force from his mind any concerns he may have. His main worries come about before he dives, not during the dive.
Once his dive starts, he swims for seven strokes(划水动作) which take him to about 15 metres. From that point, the body goes down naturally. He goes down for two minutes. His heartbeat slows down, and William says this is the most relaxed part of the dive. At the deepest point, there is a tag(标签) which he takes and sticks to his leg. He turns around and makes 33 strokes which take him towards the surface. The final ten metres is the most dangerous point as the diver’s body can run out of oxygen.
William can hold his breath for an astonishing seven minutes and 29 seconds!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了威廉·特鲁布里奇——世界自由潜水纪录保持者。
28．What can we infer from Paragraph 1 about William?
A．He is expert at diving with fins.
B．He is the strongest swimmer on earth.
C．He is the fastest freediver worldwide.
D．He is highly successful in freediving.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的William is a 15－time world record holder...and in July 2016 he reached 102 metres—all in one breath！可知，威廉·特鲁布里奇是一名非常成功的自由潜水者。
29．In what way did William’s parents affect him in his freediving?
A．They acted as role models for him.
B．They instructed him carefully in freediving.
C．They created a favourable environment for him.
D．They talked highly of his impressive performance.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三、四段的内容可知，威廉·特鲁布里奇的父母从小就培养他游泳的技能，并把房子卖掉举家搬到海上生活，他们让他把大海当作游乐园，这都无形之中为他提供了一个有利的环境，助他在自由潜水中取得成功。
30．What is important for freediving according to William?
A．Peace of mind.
B．Considerable courage.
C．Perfect swimming skills.
D．Advanced diving equipment.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的Before getting into the water...His main worries come about before he dives, not during the dive.可知，威廉·特鲁布里奇认为在自由潜水前一定要保持好心态，消除一切忧虑。
31．What’s the best title for the text?
A．An Extreme Sport
B．Keep Fit by Diving
C．Down into the Depths
D．A Freediving World Record
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据文中对威廉·特鲁布里奇这一世界自由潜水纪录保持者的介绍可知，C项更符合主题。
D
Alexa is a form of artificial intelligence, or AI for short. Many people start their mornings by asking Alexa for the weather forecast or the latest news. A device(设备) that houses Alexa can also play music from your favorite playlists, keep a shopping list, order takeout food, answer questions, send voice messages and even run “smart” home controls.
Training AI systems to respond to problems with human－like intelligence—and learn from their mistakes—can take months, or even years. Consider Alexa and similar software(软件), such as Apple’s Siri. To do the tasks its human owners ask, these systems must make sense of and then respond to sentences such as, “Alexa, play my Ed Sheeran playlist” or “Siri, what is the capital of India？”
Computers can’t understand language as it is spoken by people. So AI researchers must find a way to help humans communicate with computers. The technology used to get computers to “understand” human speech or text is known as natural language processing. By natural language, computer scientists refer to the way people naturally talk or write. To teach an AI system a task like comprehending a sentence or responding to a person’s last move in a board game, scientists need to feed it lots of examples.
AlphaGo is an AI system designed by Google that has beaten a human champion, Lee Sedol, at the strategy(策略) board game Go. To train AlphaGo, Google had to show it 30 million Go moves that people had made while playing the game. Then AlphaGo used what it learned to analyze those plays as it played against different versions(版本) of itself. During this practice, the program came up with novel moves—ones never seen in games between people.
Computers, software and devices that are powered by AI can do much more, however, than just play board games and music. And one day they could make our life much easier and much more interesting.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。人工智能已经进入我们的日常生活，但是训练一个人工智能系统并不是一件容易的事。
32．What does the example of Alexa show?
A．AI may replace humans one day.
B．AI is playing a role in our modern life.
C．AI has been widely used around the world.
D．AI has totally changed people’s bad habits.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的Many people start their mornings by asking Alexa for the weather forecast...home controls.可知，人工智能已经成为我们现代生活的一部分。
33．How do scientists train AI systems?
A．By testing them thousands of times.
B．By teaching them almost everything.
C．By giving them quite a lot of tasks to do.
D．By providing them with large amounts of data.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的To teach an AI system a task like comprehending a sentence or responding to a person’s last move in a board game, scientists need to feed it lots of examples.可知，研究者通过向人工智能系统注入大量的数据和例子来训练它们。
34．What can we learn about AlphaGo?
A．It has become very skillful and intelligent.
B．It is the most convenient AI system.
C．It avoids making any mistakes.
D．It just follows human orders.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的AlphaGo is an AI system designed by Google that has beaten a human champion, Lee Sedol, at the strategy(策略) board game Go.及During this practice, the program came up with novel moves—ones never seen in games between people.可知，AlphaGo的行为表明人工智能经过训练后能变得非常有技巧并且很聪明。
35．What’s the author’s attitude towards AI?
A．Unconcerned. B．Worried.
C．Respectful. D．Positive.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为人工智能会给我们的生活带来便捷和乐趣，所以他对人工智能持肯定的态度。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Volunteering：How Helping Others Helps You
Volunteering has a positive effect on your community—and it’s good for you too. Ben, a college student who did volunteer work, calls it “a win－win situation”．
36．________. For example, it can help you learn more about yourself and even put you on a path to your future career. Learn more about the reasons to volunteer below.
Get valuable life experiences and skills
Whether you build houses for the homeless or mail flyers for a local charity, you can experience the real world through hands－on work. 37.________ .
For example, as a student from a medical school, Gregory spent his summer volunteering at a local hospital. He picked a hospital in an area with a lot of Spanish speakers so he could practise his language skills while observing medical workers. He also found time to ask the doctors questions.
Meet interesting people
38．________. No matter what groups of people you’ve working with, you’ll find that they have information and ways of looking at the world that can open up your horizons(视野)．
Show colleges you’ve committed(奉献)
39．________. When you list your volunteer work on your college applications, you show admission officers the value you’ll bring to their college.
40．________
It’s eye-opening to realize that doing even small things can have a big influence on others. Rhea, a college student, still remembers a visit she made to an elderly man’s home when she was in middle school. “An elderly man in a wheelchair looked up at me and said, ‘You’ve made my day. This means so much，’”she recalls(回忆). “No one had ever thanked me in such a way for doing something so small！”
A．Make a difference
B．Get respect and love from strangers
C．Your volunteer work represents your interests and character
D．And you can explore your major or career interests at the same time
E．Some colleges offer hands－on learning through service to the community
F．Both the people you are helping and other volunteers can give you new ideas
G．Giving back to your community is valuable, but helping others also offers many advantages
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了志愿者服务是一项利人利己的双赢活动。
36．G 解析：根据下文中的it can help you learn more about yourself and even put you on a path to your future career可知，做志愿者服务益处多。G项与下文构成例证关系。
37．D 解析：根据下文给出的Gregory的例子可知，在做志愿者服务的同时还可以提升自己的专业技能和知识。D项与下文构成例证关系。
38．F 解析：根据下文中的No matter what groups of people you’re working with, you’ll find that they have information and ways of looking at the world that can open up your horizons(视野)可知，在做志愿者服务的同时，你还可以从周围人身上学到看待世界的新思想，这能够拓宽你的视野。F项与下文是解释关系。
39．C 解析：根据该段小标题Show colleges you’ve committed(奉献)及下文中的内容可知，你的志愿者活动可以彰显你的兴趣和性格，这将在你申请大学时起到积极的作用。C项是对下文的总结。
40．A 解析：根据下文中的It’s eye－opening to realize that doing even small things can have a big influence on others.及下文给出的例子可知，你的一个小小的举动会给他人带来很大的影响。故A项是该段的主旨。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A few years ago, I was working in a small office. I noticed that even though the organisation was not __41__， we often worked in separate teams, and while everyone was friendly, we were not very close to each other and not very __42__．
One particular week, I decided to make people __43__， but I wanted to do it secretly, perhaps with the slight __44__ that it’d invite a sense of trust or playfulness in the work culture. So one evening, I wrote a few __45__ with quotes which I felt have __46__ me over the years. The next morning, I went to work a bit early and __47__ posted them up by the sinks and mirrors in the office restrooms. Maybe people would __48__ the quotes and perhaps it might just help __49__ someone’s day.
For the next few months, some of the quotes got taken down, but a couple __50__. So perhaps others liked them, too.
Finally, I __51__ that organisation and went to work for another company. A couple of years passed, during which time I’d still get emails __52__ from my old boss and teammates every so often.
A few months ago, I was __53__ to a reunion with them to hear how the project I had __54__ was going. I had really enjoyed working with my team, and was __55__ to see them all again. Towards the end of the event, I went to the __56__ and noticed the quote I had written three years ago was still up in the __57__ spot by the mirror! It read：
The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new lands, but seeing with new eyes.
—Marcel Proust
Maybe the quote simply blended into(融合) the background for the employees, or perhaps it still __58__ as a shining reminder of something important.
It was such a __59__ reminder. We never know how long a seed(种子) will take to come out and give fruit, but we should simply keep __60__ seeds of kindness in our hearts.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己为了让同事之间的关系更融洽偷偷在洗手间贴上励志语录的故事。
41．A.huge B．rich
C．distant D．good
A 解析：根据本段中的in a small office可知，作者所在的机构并不“大(huge)”。
42．A.similar B．ordinary
C．familiar D．comfortable
C 解析：根据空前的while everyone was friendly, we were not very close to each other可知，同事之间并不十分“熟悉(familiar)”。
43．A.sigh B．smile
C．reply D．shout
B 解析：根据本段中的it’d invite a sense of trust or playfulness in the work culture可知，作者想博同事们一“笑(smile)”，“希望(hope)”同事之间彼此信任，创造一种轻松有趣的氛围。
44．A.pity B．hope
C．sight D．doubt
B 解析：同上题。
45．A.notes B．reports
C．notices D．poems
A 解析：根据本段中的with quotes可知，作者在一些“便条(notes)”上写上了多年来“激励(encouraged)”着自己的话语。
46．A.excited B．satisfied
C．shocked D．encouraged
D 解析：同上题。
47．A.patiently B．calmly
C．naturally D．quickly
D 解析：根据本段中的I wanted to do it secretly可知，作者早早来到工作的地方，“快速地(quickly)”把写好的便条贴在了洗手间的水池和镜子上。
48．A.accept B．prepare
C．enjoy D．remember
C 解析：根据下文中的So perhaps others liked them, too.可知，作者希望有人会“喜欢(enjoy)”便条上的话，也希望这些话能帮助人们在新的一天“精神焕发(freshen)”。
49．A.freshen B．spend
C．organise D．treasure
A 解析：同上题。
50．A.appeared B．matched
C．remained D．increased
C 解析：根据空前的some of the quotes got taken down, but...可知，有些便条被取走了，但是有些“还在(remained)”。
51．A.introduced B．left
C．charged D．bought
B 解析：根据空后的went to work for another company可知，作者后来“离开了(left)”那家机构。
52．A.sent B．read
C．finished D．published
A 解析：根据空前的I’d still get emails可知，作者在离开的这些年里不时还会收到以前老板和同事“发来(sent)”的邮件。
53．A.taken B．rushed
C．led D．invited
D 解析：根据本段中的to hear how the project可知，几个月前，作者被以前的同事们“邀请(invited)”回去重聚，听取他之前“做过(worked on)”的一个项目的进展。
54．A.looked into B．thought about
C．worked on D．found out
C 解析：同上题。
55．A.surprised B．happy
C．lucky D．sorry
B 解析：根据空前的I had really enjoyed working with my team，可知，作者很“高兴(happy)”再见到昔日的同事。
56．A.classroom B．waiting room
C．bathroom D．meeting room
C 解析：根据第二段中的posted them up by the sinks and mirrors in the office restrooms及该句中的noticed the quote I had written three years ago was still up...by the mirror可知，聚会快结束的时候，作者到了“洗手间(bathroom)”竟发现自己三年前写的便条还贴在镜子的“同一(same)”位置上。
57．A.same B．only
C．first D．next
A 解析：同上题。
58．A.showed up B．turned out
C．made up D．stood out
D 解析：根据空前的simply blended into(融合) the background可知，这张便条或许已经融入员工的生活环境中，或许依然作为某些重要事情的提醒待在“显眼(stood out)”的位置上。
59．A.strange B．sweet
C．simple D．smart
B 解析：根据文中对作者发现自己三年前写的便条还在的描述可知，作者认为这是一个“甜蜜的(sweet)”回忆。
60．A.saving B．storing
C．producing D．planting
D 解析：根据空前的We never know how long a seed(种子) will take to come out and give fruit, but...可知，虽然不知道善意的种子需要多久才能开花结果，但我们还是应该不停地“播种(planting)”。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Climate scientists from the University of Sydney in Australia say tourism causes over 8% of greenhouse gases. Their study looked at the carbon footprints of many 61.____________(vary) areas of tourism. Up to now, it 62.____________(study) the CO2 emissions(排放) from transport, events, hotels, restaurants 63.____________ shopping. The researchers spent 18 months carrying out the research. They researched the tourist 64.____________(activity) of 189 countries. Researcher Dr Arunima Malik said her team analysed the influence 65.____________ the environment of over one million businesses 66.____________(involve) in tourism.
The researchers said domestic(国内的) travel was a 67.____________(big) cause of CO2 emissions than international or business travel. Air travel was the largest part of tourism’s footprints. The researchers said flying would continue to increase global emissions as more people in the world become richer. The countries 68.____________(cause) the most harm are the biggest and richest nations. The USA, India and Germany have the largest tourism carbon footprints, in 69.____________ carbon emissions will continue to increase as more of their citizens travel. The researchers encouraged holiday－makers and travellers 70.____________(try) to reduce their carbon footprints when on vacation so their travel causes less harm to the planet.
61．various/varied 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰areas，意为“不同的”，故填various/varied。
62．has studied 解析：考查现在完成时。由前面的Up to now可知，应用现在完成时，故填has studied。
63．and 解析：考查连词。设空处在此表示“和”，故填and。
64．activities 解析：考查名词复数。activity是可数名词且在此表泛指，故填名词复数形式activities。
65．on/upon 解析：考查介词。influence常与on/upon连用，表示“对……的影响”。
66．involved 解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。businesses后跟定语，又因为involve与businesses之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且involve所表示的动作已完成，故填involved。
67．bigger 解析：考查形容词比较级。由后面的than可知，应用形容词比较级，故填bigger。
68．causing 解析：考查动词－ing形式作定语的用法。countries后跟定语，又因为countries与cause之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填causing。
69．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处与前面的in一起引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明The USA, India and Germany, 且作in的宾语，故填which。
70．to try 解析：考查不定式作补语的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Looking back on these year, I consider the friendships I’ve made as very valuable. I’m still very closed with all of my friends from home because of the connections we have from grow up together. I regard them as my treasure but I’ve taken the value of friendship with me to college, where I have rapid made a new group of good friends. Whenever I felt down or need someone to talk, I can always look to my friends. I know that they have my back and I have their. If I need anything that I can always turn to them for help. To be honestly, I really value the friendships that I’ve made.
答案：
Looking back on these ， I consider the friendships I’ve made as very valuable. I’m still very with all of my friends from home because of the connections we have from up together. I regard them as my treasure I’ve taken the value of friendship with me to college, where I have made a new group of good friends. Whenever I down or need someone to talk , I can always look to my friends. I know that they have my back and I have . If I need anything I can always turn to them for help. To be ， I really value the friendships that I’ve made.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，暑期要去英国某中学参加语言培训。近期，该校网站发布的一则有关学校附近一户寄宿家庭的广告引起了你的兴趣。请你给该网站负责人发一封电子邮件，询问有关情况。内容包容：
1．住宿情况；2.费用问题；3.注意事项。
注意：词数100左右(开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数)。
Dear Sir or Madam，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Sir__or__Madam，
I’m a student from China and plan to learn English in your school this summer vacation. I’m writing to respond to your advertisement for the host home. I’d like some detailed information.
Firstly, could you tell me how I can get to your school from my host home？Secondly, I wonder if I would have a separate room of my own and if there are any other children in the family. Besides, I wonder what is included in the fees and if the price of my meals is extra. Lastly, I want to know if they have any special customs.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours__sincerely，
Li__Hua
