专题七 陈述句、祈使句、感叹句、疑问句和倒装句
考点一 陈述句
陈述句用来说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。陈述句包括肯定和否定两种形式。
肯定陈述句
She is a teacher . 她是一名老师。
Tom died . 汤姆死了。
否定陈述句
谓语含be动词、情态动词、助动词时，在后面直接加not构成否定形式。如：
She isn’t my sister . 她不是我姐姐。
Kate hasn’t’ finished her homework yet. 凯特还没有完成她的作业。
谓语动词为实义动词时，要根据句子的时态和人称，在谓语动词前面加don’t , doesn’t 或didn’t 来构成否定形式。原句中的谓语动词由第三人称单数或过去式恢复为原形。 如：
I don’t need your help . 我不需要你的帮助。
My sister doesn’t like swimming . 我妹妹不喜欢游泳。
They didn’t go to see a film yesterday . 他们昨天没去看电影。
例1 （2019陕西西安莲湖期末58题1分） 根据汉语意思完成句子。每空词数不限
老师经常在课堂上表扬我们。
Our teacher oftne ______________ in class
解析 本句是肯定陈述句。表示 “赞扬”要用praise ，主语是Our teacher ，再根据often 可知时态是一般现在时，故要用praise 的第三人称单数形式。
答案 praises us
即时训练
（2019山东济南长青三月质量检测96题1分） This shopping center is very crowded . (改为否定句)
This shippping center ________ ______ very crowded .
考点二 感叹句
感叹句 是用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常以what或how 开头。
感叹句的常见结构是：
以ｗｈａｔ开头的感叹句
What+ a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！
What+形容词+可数句词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语！
What(+a/an)+名词！
以Ｈｏｗ开头的感叹句
How+形容词+主语+谓语！
How +副词+主语+谓语！
How +主语+谓语！
What a beautiful girl she is !她是多么漂亮的一个女孩啊！
What hard-working workeres they are !他们是多么勤劳的工人啊！
What dirty water it is ! 多脏的东西！
What a surprise !真是一件令人惊讶的事情啊！
How tall you have grown ! 你长得真高啊！
How time flies !光阴似箭！
例2 （2018山东济南槐荫期末44题1分）______ clever dog Lucky is ! It can understand Mr. Smith’s orders .
What B. What a C. How D. How a
解析 本题考查感叹句的结构。句意：Lucky 是多么聪明的一条狗啊！它能理解史密斯先生的指令。感叹名词dog 要用what , 先排除C和D ； dog是可数名词的单数形式，What 后不能缺少不定冠词，故答案为B 。
即时训练
2.（2018山东济南槐荫期末44题1分） -Tina and Tara are twins .
-Really ? I can’t believe it . _______ different they are !
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
考点三 祈使句
祈使句用来表示命令、请求、劝告、建议等。 祈使句有肯定和否定之分。
1．肯定的祈使句
肯定的祈使句以动词原形开头。 其中动词包括行为动词和be动词。 如：
Please give him my regards. 请代我向他问好。
Be brave , Lisa . You can do it . 勇敢点，莉萨。 你能做到。
否定的祈使句
否定的祈使句通常以don’t开头，还可以以no或never 开头，可译为“不要； 禁止”。如：
Don’t listen to her !不要听她说话！
No swimming . 禁止游泳。
Never give up . Your dream can come true one day . 不要放弃。你的梦想总有一天会实现。
例3 （2019吉林省实验中学一模44题1分） Jim , _____ in the hallway ! You may fall down and hurt yourself .
A run B.don’t run C. running D.runs
解析 本题考查否定意义的祈使句的结构 。根据本题语境可知，不要在走廊里跑，你或许会跌倒而伤到自己。否定的祈使句要在行为动词之前加don’t ， 故答案为B。
答案 B
即时训练
3.(2018山东济南槐荫期末47题1分) –______ oon your coat , Jane It’s very cold outside .
-OK, Mom .
A. Putting B. To put C. Put D. Puts
考点四 疑问句
用以提问的句子叫疑问句。疑问句有一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句四种。
一般疑问句
以yes或no 回答的疑问句
选择疑问句
结构是“一般疑问句+or+ 另一个选择对象”，不能用yes或no 来回答，而应该根据实际情况来回答。
特殊疑问句
用一个疑问代词或疑问副词就句中某一部分进行提问的句子
反意疑问句
由陈述部分+附加问句构成, 而且符合“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”的原则 。
Do you like swimming ?你喜欢游泳吗？
Do you like red or white ? 他们喜欢红色还是白色？
She is at home , isn’t she ?她在家， 是吗？
常见的特殊疑问词或词组
疑问代词
who, whom , which , whose , what
疑问副词
when , where , why , how
疑问词组
由what构成的
what , color , what class, what language , what grade , what day , what size , what time
由how构成的
how long , how far , how old , how soon , how often , how many , how much
This computer is cheap , isnt’ it ? 这台电脑很便宜，是吗？
You haven’t done much , have you ?你没有做太多的事情 ， 是吗？
Some plants never blossom , do they ? 一些植物从不开花， 是吗？
【拓展】注意以下两种情况：
以ｌｅｔ＇ｓ开头的祈使句，附加问句用ｓｈａｌｌ ｗｅ； 以ｌｅｔ ｕｓ开头的祈使句，附加问句用ｗｉｌｌ ｙｏｕ．如：
Let’s go and listen to the music , shall we ? 我们去听音乐，好吗？
Let us wait for her in the reading room will you 让我们在阅览室里等她，可以吗？
反意疑意句的答语
对反意疑问句作加答时，如果事实是肯定的，则用yes,后跟肯定形式的简略回答方式； 若事实是否定的，则用no, 后跟否定形式的简略回答形式。
-Lucy skates very well , doesn’t she ? 露西滑冰滑得非常好，是吗？
-Yes , she does 是的，她滑得很好。
-They don’t like the house ,, do they? 他们不喜欢这套房子，是吗？
-No, they don’t . 是的， 他们不喜欢 。
例4 （2017内蒙古呼和浩特中考11题1分） -He doesn’t speak English or Japanese , ______ ?
-______ . He speaks Chinese .
A. does he ; Yes, he doesn’t B. doesn’t he ; No, he does
C. does he ; No, he doesn’t D. does he ; Yes, he does
解析 本题考查反意疑问句的结构和答语。 陈述部分含有doesn’t speak , 故附和问句要用does he , 先排除B. 再结合答语中的“他说汉语”可推断，他不说英语和日语，故答语是“No, he doesn’t .”. 故答案为C。
答案 C
即时训练
（2018江西南昌大学附中第二次月考30题1分） He used to be silent , _______ ?
A． was he B. wasn’t he C. did he D. didn’t he
考点五 倒装句
There be 句型
There be 句型用来描述“某地有某人或某事”，该句型的结构是“there be +主语+地点状语”。主语和be动词要保持一致。如果有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词要遵循就近原则。如：
There is some water in the bottle . 瓶子里有一些水。
There are three boys in the room . 房间里有三个男孩 。
There is a ruler and two books on the table . 桌上有一把尺子和两本书。
【拓展】there be 句型有不同的时态结构 ：
一般现在时
There is/are +主语
一般过去时
There was /were +主语…
一般将来时
There will be +主语…
There is/are going to be +主语…
现在完成时
There have /has been +主语….
There was something wrong with my computer last week . 上周我的电脑出故障了。
There is going to be a basketball match next week. 下周将会有一声篮球赛。
There have been some problems so far . 到目前为止， 一直有一些难题。
So ,neither 引导的倒装句
so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语
用在当前面提到的肯定情形也适用于后者时，可译为“某人也一样，某人也如此。”
Neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语
用在当前面提到的否定情形也适用于后者时，可译为“某人也一样； 某人也并非如此”。
Tom watched TV last nigth . So did Ann . 汤姆昨晚看电视了， 它也看了。
Mary didn’t watch TV last night . Neither did Jim . 玛丽昨晚没有看电视 ， 吉姆也没看。
例6 （2018山东潍坊中考25题1分） -I always hate being late for schoo.
-_______ .
A. So am I B. So do I C. So I am D. So I do
解析 句意：本题考查倒装句的结构 。 题干中提到了“我一直讨厌上学迟到”，答语的含义是“我也是”，根据“so +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构可先排除C和D ； 再根据hate可知，倒装句中要用do , 故答案为B。
答案 B
即时训练
6 （2019辽宁沈阳沈河期末28题1分）In the past few years there ______ great changes in Shenyang .
Has been B. were C. has been D. are
即时训练
1 is not 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D. 6 A
专题七 陈述句、感叹句、祈使句、疑问句和倒装句模拟全练
I 单项选择
______ nice city Jinan is ! We can see trees and breathe fresh air everywhere .
How B. What C. What a D. What an
2. - ________bad weather it is today ! We planned to go to Dinosaurs Park .
-What a pity ! Let’s make it next weekend .
A. How B. What a C. What an D. Wat
3. -Do you have any special memories in our school ,, Julie ?
-Sure . I still remember the first picnic two years ago . ______ happy we were !
A. How B. What C. What a D. How a
4. Tom , _____off the lights when you leave a room . It saves electricity .
-OK. I’ll do it from now on .
A. turn B. to turn C. turning D. turns
5. ______the people who treat your right , because life is too short to wake up in the morning with regrets .
A. To love B. Loving C. Loved D. Love
6. -Tony never listens to me ! That makes me really angry .
-Tony is still young . ________ so hard on him.
A. Isn’t B. Aren’t C. Don’t be D Won’t be
7. -Lucy , _______did you take this photo ?
-In Hainan . I went there with my parents last year .
A. why B how C. where D. when
8. -This ring looks very nice . ______ is it made of ?
-It’s made of silver .
A. Who B. How C. What D. Where
9. -_______ do you study for a test ?
-I study by working with my classmates .
A. How B. Why C. What D. Where
10. – Excuse me . Is there a police station near here ?
-_______ .
A. Yes, it is B. No, it isn’t
C. Yes, there is D. No, there aren’t
11. -Do you like cartoons or scary movies ?
-_____. They can cheer me up.
A. Yes , I do B. No, I don’t
C. Cartoons D. Scary movies
12. -Mr. Smith has never been to Beijing . What about his wife ?
-______ . She hopes to go there with her husband some day .
A. So has she B. So is she
C. Neither is she D. Neither has she
13. - _______ interesting the story is !
-Yes. I have read it twice .
A. How B. What C. What an D. How an
14. - _____ exciting news it is ! We finally won the game !
-Congratulations !
A. What B. What a C. How a
15. _______ the flowers once a month and they will grow well .
A. To water B. Water C. Watering D. Watered
16. - ______ do you practice listening ?
-I often watch English programs
A. How B. Who C. What D. When
17. ______will your uncle be back ?
-In half an hour .
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far
18. - _______is it from your home to the supermarket ?
-About ten minutes’ walk .
A. How far B. How much C. How often D. How soon
19. -Are you going to the museum on Saturday or on Sunday ?
-_______ . I’ll have to go to see my grandma on Sunday .
A. Yes, I am B. No, I’m not
C. On Sunday D. On Saturday
20. -Tom hates to do the dishes .
- _______ . I think it’s boring .
A. So am I B. Neither am I
C. So do I D. Neither do I
II. 句型转换
Bob is going to make a weekly plan for schoolwork . (改为否定句)
Bob ______ _______ going to make a weekly plan for schoolwork .
Liu Yu practices his hobby by running . (对画线部分提问)
________ _______ Liu Yu practice his hobby ?
The story about Hou Yi is really interesting . (改为感叹句)
________ ______interesting story about Hou Yi it is !
Tea was brought to many countries hundreds of years ago . (对画线部分提问 )
_______________ tea brought to many countries ?
He has learned to play the guitar for five years . (对画线部分提问 )
________ ______has he learned to play the guitar ?
You can’t play football in the classroom . (改为祈使句)
________ _______ football in the classroom .
参考答案
I 1-5 CDAAD 6-10 CCCAC 11-15 CDAAB 16-20 AAADC
II. 1.is not 2. How does 3. What an 4. When was 5. How long 6. Don’t play
专题七 陈述句、感叹句、祈使句、疑问句和倒装句中考全练
考点一 陈述句
（2019重庆中考A卷69题1分） I am interested in writing . (改为否定句)
I _______ _______ interested in writing .
(2019湖北宜昌中考29题1分) 根据所给汉语和提示词完成下面句子
知识源于质疑。（from ）
Knowledge ________________questioning .
(2019山东潍坊中考25题1分) 用括号内所给的单词，将下面句子翻译成英语
上学期，玲玲的诗获得了一等奖。 （win）
____________________________________________________________________
4. (2018山东潍坊中考35题1分) 翻译句子
韩梅，高个子， 黑色长发。 （with）
_________________________________________________________________________
5. (2018上海中考24题1分) John went to church with his brother last Sunday morning . (改为否定句)
John ________ ______ to church with his mrother last Sunday morning .
考点二 感叹句
(2019湖广东中考31题1分) _______ smart the driverless car is ! I really want to have one .
What B. What a C. What an D. How
(2019湖南长沙中考26题1分) _____ fun it is to have a field trip on the Orange Island !
A. What B. What a C. How
3. (2019山东中考33题1分) ______special classes we had ! We have learned a lot about paper cutting .
A. What B. What a C. How a D. How
4. (2019山东临沂中考26题1分) ______popular festival Halloween is in North America!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
5. (2018湖南长沙中考9题1分) -Mom , I bought us two tickets to the 2018 World Cup in Russia .
-Really ? _______ pleasant surprise .
A. How B. What C. What a
考点三 祈使句
（2019内蒙古呼和浩特中考4题1分）______ me an email before you come to Hothot , and I’ll meet you at the train station .
Send B. Sending C. To send D. Sent
(2019吉林中考30题1分) Please ______ here earlier ! We don’t want to miss the last bus to the library .
A arrive B. to arrive C. arriving
(2018上海中考43题1分) Please _______ the rubbish into different litter bins according to the signs .
A puts B. put C. putting D. to put
(2019湖南永州中考27题1分) David , ______ make trouble at school .
A can’t B. don’t C. doesn’t
考点四 疑问句
（2019北京中考8题1分） -Excuse me , _______ is this T-shirt ?
A. how much B. how many C. how long D. how old
2. ( 2019湖南怀化中考22题1分) - _______ dictionary is this ? It’s very nice .
-I think it’s Mary’s .
A. Who B. Whose C. Whom
3. (2019湖北宜昌中考30题1分) -_____ do you put a lot of snakes into the forest ?
- To protect the ecosystem .
A. Why B. Which C. When
4. (2018广西北部湾经济区 23题1分) –Must I hand in the homework right now ?
-______That’s the rule .
A. Yes, you can B. No, you can’t
C. Yes, you must D. No, you mustn’t
5. (2019湖北黄石中考21题1分) – He didn’t go to school , did he ?
- ________ , though he had a stomachadche .
A. No, he didn’t B. Yes, he didn’t
C. Yes, he did D. No, he did .
6. (2018湖南邵阳中考24题1分) -______ do you watchh TV ?
-Twice a week .
A. How often B. How long C. How soon
7. (2018吉林长春中考14题1分) -Lucy , do you want to join the art club or the ches club ?
-______ . I like drawing pictures .
A. Yes , I do B. The art club
B. No, I don’t D. The chess club
8. (2018湖北宜昌中考31题1分) - ______ you ______ the Chinese Culture Festival in the Central Square ?
-Yes. It was really a great success .
A. Are ; atttending B. Will, attend
C. Do, attend D. Did ; attend
考点五 倒装句
（2019四川凉山州中考37题1分） -What’s in the picture on the wall ?
-There _______ a teacher and some students playing soccer in the playground .
A. has B. are C. is D. have
(2019山东临沂中考19题1分) -I’m getting hungry . Do you know where we can get some good food !
-Of course ! There _______a restaurant around the corner .
A. will be B. was C. is
(2019湖北鄂州中考29题1分) –Last summer holidy , I didn’t go anywhere . How boring !
- _______ . But I’m going somewhere for a holiday this summer .
A. Neither did I B. Neither did I C. So did I D. So I did
4. (2018吉林中考29题1分) Let’s save pandas ! There ______only about 2,000 pandas living in the forests now .
A. am B. is C. are
5. (2018黑龙江绥北中考20题1分) Jim can swim, _______ .
A. neither can I B. so I can C. so can I
参考答案
考点一
1 am not 2 comes / is from 3 . Last term, Lingling’s poem won the first prize 4. Han Mei is a tall girl with long black hari . 5 didn’t go 6. Neither Tom nor Tim has seen the film /movie
考点二
1-6 DAABC
考点三
1-4 AABB
考点四
1-5 ABACC 6-8 ABD
考点五
1-5 CCBCC
