2020中考英语阅读理解讲与练导学案含答案

2020中考英语阅读理解讲与练导学案含答案
【例】Every living thing on Earth is either a plant or an animal, right? Wrong! Many organisms (有机体) in our world are neither. Some of them float through the air, and some lie hidden in the ground. They do not need sunlight to survive, and if the weather becomes too cold, they can become inactive until conditions improve.
What are these? They are called fungi(菌类), and you see them almost every day. Many kinds of fungi seem disgusting, such as the green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator. But other kinds are not so bad. For example, the yeast that is used to make bread rise and mushrooms (蘑菇) are both fungi.
What makes fungi different from plants and animals? An animal can move around by itself. Fungi get around too, but they don’t have feet, wings, or tails. They have to wait for wind or some other outside force to move them. Plants are different from fungi because they have chlorophyll (叶绿素). It helps them make food from the energy in sunlight. Fungi do not have chlorophyll.
Some fungi are bad, while others are not. Some fungi cause diseases such as athlete's foot, which makes feet uncomfortable. Other kinds of fungi can be used to make medicines. which have saved many lives.
Fungi clean up more than wounds, though. They are the world's first recyclers.
Without fungi, our world would be a mess. Since fungi cannot make their own food as plants do, they must get their food elsewhere. Many fungi get their food from dead plants. They break them down and turn them into soil. The fungi get a meal, and the world gets a housecleans
1、What does the underlined word "disgusting" most probably mean?
A. strong B. unpleasant C. active D. small
2、According to the passage, ________.
A. fungi can move everywhere by themselves
B. fungi are unable to survive in cold conditions
C. some fungi can make food from the energy in sunlight
D. some fungi are useful to humans and the environment
3、Where can you most probably find this passage?
A. In a social report. B. In a biology book.
C. In a geography magazine. D. In a farming book.
【主旨大意】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍除了植物和动物之外，还有很多有机体属于菌类。有的对人体有害，而有的则对人类有益。
1、B词义理解题。根据下句such as the green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator由该句意可知当看到这类食物会产生反感，不舒服，因此选B。
2、D细节理解题。文章倒数第二段other kinds of fungi can be used to make medicines, which have saved many lives以及最有—段第—句话可知，有些菌类对于人和自然都有好处。
3、B主旨大意题。本文主要介绍菌类的种类，以及对于人类与自然的益处，所以该文应该出现在—本生物杂志上。

**阅读理解概论**
阅读理解解题策略指导：
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：
1．读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。
3．既理解字面的意思，也理解深层次的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。
4．既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。
5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
中考英语阅读理解题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评价能力等。
　　试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。(这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累，做个有心人)体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格(要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势)等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确度高、阅读速度快。
　　大致来说，主要针对如下方面：1.文章的个别词或句子，可以给出生词让学生猜意，对此类题目学生应尽量在阅读材料中找定义或解释；2.文章的某细节或情节；3.文章的主题；4.文章的背景知识；5.文章的结论或结局；6.文章内涵的隐义或寓意等。主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。
　　具体来讲主要有以下几种题型：
　　具体信息：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
　　语义理解：题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
　　逻辑推理：这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。
归纳概括：要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
词意判断：要求根据上下文判断短文中词或短语的意思。
在阅读过程中要重视培养自我阅读能力，根据不同的阅读目的和要求，采取不同的阅读方法和策略。
提高阅读能力所常用的阅读技巧主要有细读、略读、全读等。
扫读：是一种快速阅读方法，主要在于对文章信息的精确定位，锁定重要信息，如找出人物、时间、地点、数字等。
略读：也是一种快速阅读，目的是读取文章的主旨大意。与扫读不同的是，略读是跳跃式的，略掉一些东西不读，取出短文中的关键性东西。
细读：细读是完全阅读，目的包括（1）确定中心思想及标题；（2）了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节；（3）对作者的暗示或隐含思想进行判断、推理、引申；（4）根据上下文推测词义。
扩大视距：要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。
带问题阅读：先浏览短文后面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。
根据上下文猜测词意：遇到生词，要根据上下文线索和暗示、上下文的联系、常识和经验推断或猜测词意。
二、跟踪练习
A
Fly to Singapore
Beijing travel company Best four days in Singapore Book online：www. Beijingtour.com Call: 010－62617788
Beijing — Singapore Miramer Hotel restaurant; swimming pool; movie theater and KTV; clothes store; ping?pong room; reading room.
Day 1: Morning: take a bus tour of the island Evening: see a show at the Neptune Theatre Day 2: Morning: visit the Handicraft (手工艺品) Center and the National Museum. Afternoon: take the cable car (缆车) to Sentosa Island. Day 3: Free for shopping Day 4: Morning: take a walking tour of old Singapore Afternoon: a boat trip around the island
Leaving Date & Price：July 1 $ 3,220 July 12 $3,100 July 23 $ 2,950 Note： Adult: full?price; Children from 5 to 12 years old: half?price；Children less than 5 years old: free Please choose and book early. Business Hours： Weekdays: 24 hours Weekends: 8：00 am—6: 00 pm
(　　)1. What can't you do in the Miramer Hotel?
A. Play ping?pong. B. See a movie.
C. Read books. D. Play chess.
(　　)2. If you are interested in visiting a museum, you will have a good time on ______.
A. Day 1 B. Day 2
C. Day 3 D. Day 4
(　　)3. Mr. Grace, together with his wife and his son who is only five years old wants to travel on July 12. How much will they cost?
A. $8,050. B. $6,200.
C. $7,750. D. $7,375.
(　　)4. When can you book the trip on weekends?
A. At 7：30 am. B. At 10: 20 am.
C. At 8: 00 pm. D. At 9：00 pm.
(　　)5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. This is a four?day trip for you to have fun in Singapore.
B. You can see a show at the theatre on the first day there.
C. The third day is available for you to go shopping
D. It's cheaper to book tickets on July 12 than on July 23.

B
Zinc(锌) is one of about 20 elements(元素) necessary for good health. It is present in the body in a very small amount, but it makes it possible for important chemical actions to be carried out in cells. Scientists are just beginning to discover how zinc and other elements work.
Researchers first studied zinc as a way to speed recovery. Dr. Waltor Powys formerly with the United States Air Force, noted that the laboratory animals recovered faster when some matters were added to their food. One of these matters was zinc. Dr. Powys later tested the zinc treatment on an American airman recovering from medical operations. The airman who received zinc sulphate(硫酸锌) recovered in half of the usual time. Other doctors studied persons who had a number of strange disorders. The doctors learned that all of these problems were caused by lack of zinc in the body. They treated these disorders successfully by giving the patients zinc sulphate.
The amount of zinc in the body can be found by examining blood and hair. A lack of this important element is not uncommon among people in both industrial and developing countries. Zinc is found in most high protein(蛋白质) foods such as meat, milk, fish and eggs. It is also found in whole grains. But many people do not eat enough of these food. Food markets should add these elements so that more people could get needed amount of these necessary matters.
1．One of the functions of zinc is that it can ________.
A．make people's bones stronger
B．help people recover faster
C．be good for people's memory
D．change people's sleep for the better
2．How can the amount of zinc in the body found?
A．by examining blood and hair.
B．by checking tears and sweat.
C．by taking people's temperatures.
D．by testing people's blood pressure.
3．To get enough zinc, people should eat foods that contain ________.
A．a lot of fibre?? B．high fat
C．much protein? D．many vitamins
4．Which of the following statements is true?
A．People need a large amount of zinc to be healthy.
B．Zinc must be used in the course of medical operation.
C．Zinc allows important chemical actions to take place in cells.
D．Scientists added only zinc to the foods that the laboratory animals ate.

C
There are many fruit and vegetable gardens across the countryside. More students, at Madison Elementary School, are growing their own food in the gardens.
The vegetables are washed. Then kids can eat them at a salad party. They are also sold in the school dining hall for lunch. This month, students will plant tomatoes, potatoes, carrots, broccoli (西兰花) and strawberries.
Why are students learning how to grow food? Teachers want kids to learn healthy eating habits. Healthy food gives us energy. We need energy to grow.
Many kids are now trying new food and learning how to grow food. Lisa is the parent volunteer of the program. She says a lot of students have told her, “I like salad. I didn’t think I liked salad!” Then those students have gone home and asked their parents to buy vegetables that they have tried at school.
Lisa’s daughter, Lucy, is one of those students. She is in Grade Two. “I love the garden,” she says. “I didn’t really like vegetables before we had the garden. Then we found out that gardening is cool. Now I like vegetables. My favorite vegetable is carrots.”
1. ?? The kids love to grow their own food ?????.
A. on the farms?? ???????? B. in the gardens C. in the school???????? ??????D. on the beach
2.??? This month, the kids will plant ??????kinds of fruits and vegetables.
A. 3????????? ???? B. 4 ?????????????? C. 5?????????? ????????? D. 6
3. ?? The students learn how to grow food because ?????.
A. they like playing in the countryside
B. they need healthy food for energy
C. their teachers like healthy food
D. their parents want them to do this
4. ?? Many students like to eat the salad ?????.
A. they have tried at school
B. they have planted at home
C. their teachers bought
D. their mothers chose
5.??? ???? ?didn’t like vegetables before gardening.
A. Some parents ?????????????????B. Lisa C. The teachers?? ???????????????? D. Lucy

D
Betty is an American girl. She is thirteen. She is in Beijing with her parents. She doesn’t know much Chinese. She can’t speak Chinese well. Sometimes her friends don’t understand(理解) her. It’s Sunday morning. She’s going to the zoo to see the pandas(熊猫). She’s waiting at the bus stop. At the bus stop she asks a Chinese boy how to go to the zoo. But the boy can’t understand her. Then she takes out a pen and some paper. She draws a panda on it and shows the picture to the boy. The boy smiles and then shows her the way to the zoo.
1.Betty is in Beijing with her _________.
A. brother??????????B. sister??????????C. mother????????D. father and mother
2.She can speak _________ Chinese.
A. much????????????B. little???????????????????? C. any????????????????????????? D. not
3.She is going to the zoo _________.
A. by bike??????????B. by bus???????????????? C. by train??????????????????? D. on foot
4.She’s going to the zoo to _________.
A. see her friends?????? B. see tigers???????C. see monkeys?????D. see pandas
5.The boy _________.
A. shows her the way to the zoo???????????????? B. doesn’t know the way
C. goes to the zoo with her???????????????????????? D. gives a map to her

E

Imagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device(装置) which uses satellites (卫星) to find the user’s position(位置). It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are.
GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of the street.
There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, or have it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates(计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well.
Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate(精确的). There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.
1．According to the passage, with the help of the GPS, people __________.
A. can’t be lost in a new city
B. can’t find their way in different countries
C. can learn about the culture of an unknown place
D. can spend the least time getting to another place
2．We can learn from the passage that ____________.
A. there are three parts to the GPS
B. a GPS can’t be put into a watch
C. a GPS can help you start your car
D. the GPS are becoming more and more expensive
3．The underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 means “____________”.
A. Receivers B. GPS devices C. Satellites D. Ground stations
4．The passage is mainly about _______________.
A. the history of the GPS B. the introduction of the GPS
C. the shape of the GPS D. the three parts of the GPS
5．What can we infer(推断) from the passage?
A. All GPS devices have electronic maps.
B. People in many countries will use the GPS for free.
C. The receiver of the GPS contacts at least five of the satellites.
D. The GPS will become more and more common in everyday life.

F
Although we all want happiness and joy every day, sometimes we still feel blue. Most people can control this, but sometimes it can get worse and people fall into depression (抑郁).
This year, the WHO chose“depression” as the theme of World Health Day. This aims to raise people's awareness (意识) of it. According to its recent report, about 322 million people suffered depression in 2015. This is more than 4 percent of the world's population.
Depression is described as a mental disorder(精神疾病). It has several symptoms(症状) like sadness and loss of interest. In extreme cases, depression may lead to suicide (自杀)．
There are three groups of people that are more likely to develop depression, according to WHO. One is old people, while another is women who are pregnant (怀孕的) or have just given birth. And young people are also one of the three groups.
In China, depression among young people is on the rise, Zhu Zhuohong, a famous psychology professor told Xinhua. Competitions, especially in education, can cause a lot of pressure.
Luckily, efforts are being made to solve this problem. Now several social organizations in China are trying hard to help those with depression. WHO also held the “Depression: Let's talk” campaign this month, aiming to make sure that people with depression seek and get help.
1. People with depression even want to ________．
A. seek and get help B. have competitions
C. have pressure D. commit suicide
2. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. Depression is a mental disorder.
B. Pregnant women are more likely to develop depression.
C. People with depression cannot go to work.
D. Depression among young people is on the rise.
3. The underlined word “blue” in the passage means “________”．
A. the color of the sky B. sad and hopeless
C. sad music D. bad behavior
4. Depression among young people in China may be caused by ________．
A. pressure B. large population C. sadness D. mental disorder
5. What's the best title for the passage?
A. Depression Development B. Depression—A Silent Killer
C. Education Competitions D. Depression Campaign

G
WHERE TO STAY IN BOSWELL. YOUR GUIDE TO OUR BEST HOTELS
Name / Address Room Number Single Room Double Room Special Attractions
FIRST HOTEL 222 Edward Road Tel. 4146433 120 $25 $35 Air-conditional rooms French restaurant Night club Swimming pool Shops Coffee shop and bar
FAIRVIEW HOTEL 129 North Road Tel. 5915620 450 $12 $18 Close to the airport Telephone in each room Bar, restaurant, garage Swimming pool
ORCHARD HOTEL 233 Edward Road Tel. 6416446 470 $15 $20 Facing First Hotel Indian restaurant TV set Coffee shop Dry-cleaning shops Laundry
OSAKA HOTEL 1264Venning Road Tel. 6438200 180 $30 $50 Air-conditional rooms Japanese and Chinese restaurants Swimming pool Large garden Shops
1. If you want to eat Chinese food, you will go to the restaurant in _____.
A. the Fairview Hotel B. the First Hotel
C. the Orchard Hotel D. the Osaka Hotel
2. The cheapest price for a single bed is _____in _____in Boswell.
A. $12; the First Hotel B. $15; the Osaka Hotel
C. $12; the Fairview Hotel D. $25; the Orchard Hotel
3. If a Japanese traveler likes to eat in a French restaurant, _____is the right place for him to go to.
A. 233 Edward Road B. 222 Edward Road
C. 1264 Venning Road D. 129 North Road
4. Which hotel faces the Orchard Hotel?
A. The First Hotel. B. The Osaka Hotel.
C. The Fairview Hotel. D. No Hotel.
5. If you want to live in a hotel close to the airport, you can go to _____.
A. the Fairview Hotel B. the First Hotel C. the Orchard Hotel D. the Osaka Hotel


A
1～5 D B C B D　

B
1B 2A 3 C 4C

C
1B? 2C? 3B? 4A? 5D

D
1D 2B 3B 4D 5A

E
1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D
【解析】短文大意：这篇短文主要介绍了卫星定位系统的工程及工作原理。
1．根据短文第一段It can find your position to within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are.描述，可知卫星定位系统能让你知道自己在哪儿。故选A，不会在新城市中迷路。
2．根据第三段There are three parts to the Global Positioning System.描述，可知卫星定位系统有三个部分。故选A。
3．联系下文The third part of the system is a network of ground stations.描述，可知指的是地面接收站。故选D。
4．这篇短文主要介绍了卫星定位系统的工程及工作原理。故选B，介绍卫星定位系统。
5．根据短文最后一段描述，可知卫星定位系统在日常生活中会变得越来越普通。故选D。

F
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了抑郁症患者的数量、症状、患病人群及为了阻止患抑郁症而采取的一些措施。
1. D　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：精神抑郁的人甚至想去________。根据第三段最后一句中“...depression may lead to suicide(自杀)．”可知“抑郁者有自杀倾向”，故选D。
2. C　【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：下列哪一个叙述是不正确的？A项：抑郁是一种精神疾病；B项：孕妇更可能患抑郁；C项：有抑郁的人不能去工作；D项：年轻人抑郁人数上升。A、B、D三项内容文中均有提到，是正确的。文中提到有部分人没有意识到自己患了抑郁，还有些学生由于教育的压力导致抑郁等，均说明抑郁的人是可以工作的，C项错误。故选C。
3. B　【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：文中划线单词“blue”的意思是“________”。前句提示“happiness”和“joy”，后文转折，故可以推断是“sad and hopeless难过和绝望”。故选B。
4. A　【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在中国，青少年抑郁可能是由________引起。根据第五段最后一句“Competitions, especially in education, can cause a lot of pressure.”可知教育竞争的压力导致年轻人患上抑郁。故选A。
5. B　【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：文章最佳的标题是什么？本文主要介绍抑郁对人们的危害。故B选项 Depression—A Silent Killer“抑郁——沉默的杀手”符合题意，故选B。

G
1—5、D C B A A