(共15张PPT)
Module 5
Grammar
contents
关系词的用法
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
1. 关系代词的用法
2. 关系副词的用法
3. 关系代词辨析
定语从句解题思路
在主从复合句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
根据定语从句与主句的关系，定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，若去掉，主句内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。在非限制性定语从句中，主句和从句之间用逗号隔开，从句起补充说明作用，若省去，意思仍然完整。
定语从句？
关系代词 人或物 在从句中的成分
that 指人或物 主语、宾语、表语
which 指物 主语、宾语、表语
who 指人 主语、宾语
whom 指人 宾语
whose 指人或物 定语
as 指人或物
主语、宾语、表语
一、关系词的用法
关系副词 指？ 成分
when 指时间 时间状语
where 指地点 地点状语
why 指原因 原因状语
（一）关系代词的用法
1. 在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略。
It is the book (that/which) I want to read.这是我想读的那本书。
She is the girl (who/ whom/that ) I like.她是我喜欢的女孩。
2. whose在定语从句中可用of whom或of which代替，但要注意使用形式。
This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.
=This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known.
=This is the scientist, of whom the achievements are well known.
这就是那位成就卓越的科学家。
3. as引导限制性定语从句时，常和such或the same连用；as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词是个句子，as在从句中作主语或宾语。
I have the same book as he has. 我有和他一样的书。
As is known to us all, China is in the east of Asia.众所周知，中国在亚洲东部。
4. 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略，且that不引导非限制性定语从句。
This is Bejing, which I have visited for several times.
这就是北京，我来过好几次了
（二）关系副词的用法
1. 关系副词when/where =介词(in/on/at等) +which,
why = for +which.
I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Beijing.
我仍然记得第一次来北京的 那一天。
2. where引导定语从句时，其先行词可以是具体地点， 也可以是模糊地点，如situation, case, point, stage等。
They have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.
他们已经到了必须分开的地步。
定语从句中用that不用which的情况：
(1)先行词是不定代词时。
(2)先行词是形容词最高级或先行词前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
(3)先行词前面有the only, the very, the right等词修饰时。
(4)先行词是序数词或先行词前面有序数词修饰时。
(5)先行词既有人又有物时
(6)用于以which或who提问的特殊疑问句。
（三）关系代词的辨析
1. that 和 which
2. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.
3. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
4. What is the first American film that you have seen?
5. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
6. Which is the book that you lost?
1. Do you have anything that you want to say?
2. This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.
3. The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
4. What is the first American film that you have seen?
5. Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
1. Do you have anything that you want to say?
2. as 和 which
as和which引导非限制性定语从句时有时可互换。但下列情况下只能用as, 不能用which.
(1)定语从句位于主句前时。
(2)先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时。
1. As we know, Chinese people are hard-working.
2. He is late again, as is expected.
二、介词和关系代词引导的定语从句
“介词+ 关系代词” 是普遍使用的结构。“介词+ 关系代词”结构中的介词可以是in, on , about, from, for, with, of, without等，关系代词只可用whom（指人）或which（指物），并且不能省略。
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club ?
三、 定语从句解题思路：
找主句
找先行词
一找
二带
三判
四选择
把先行词带入定语从句
判断关系词代替先行词在从句中所作成分
根据成分选择关系词
This is the scientist achievements are well known.
一找
找主句
找先行词
二带
把先行词带入定语从句
三判
判断关系词代替先行词在从句中所作成分
在从句中做定语，修饰achievements
四选择
根据成分选择关系词
在从句中指人做定语，根据表格用whose.
This is the scientist
scientist
scientist”s achievements are well known.
Thank you!
定语从句习题
一、单句语法填空。
1. Exercise is something can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy.
2. I do not want to polluted by the mistakes and errors with _________history is filled.
3. If we don't punish those sell and kill frogs to make money, then one day all of us will be punished by nature for failing to keep the balance of nature.
4. We may fall behind others, which makes us stressed.
5. we all know, China is a developing country.
6.The house windows face south belongs to her.
7. Can you tell me the office he works?
8.Do you know the reason he is late?
9. Who is the girl won the prize?
10. This is the inventor, the achievements of are well known.
11. Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
12. The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
13 I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.
As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.
二、用适当的关系代词、关系副词或“介词+关系代词”填空
The dishes I cooked were my mom's favourite.
2. There was a time they were good friends and went to school and came home together.
3. Is there anyone in your class home is in the north?
4. Luckily, we had brought a map with us lost our way.
5. In the end. it was the adviser he turned for comfort and help.
参考答案：
1.that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词something,引导词在句中作主语，且先行词是不定代词，故用关系代that引导该从句。
2.which 考查定语从句。此句中关系代词在介词后，且先行词是事物，故填which.
3.who 考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词指人的代词“those",且关系代词在从句中作主语故填who。
4.which 考查非限制性定语从句。在这个非限制性定语从句中，先行词是前面整句话，且关系代词在从句中作主语，故填which.
5.As 考查非限制性定语从句。as we all know众所周知。as引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语。
6.whose 考查定语从句。whose在从句中作定语。
7.where 考查定语从句。关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故答案为where。
8.why 考查定语从句。关系词在定语从句中作原
因状语，故答案为why。
9.that 考查定语从句。先行词为girl,关系词在从句中作主语，且该句为以who提问的特殊疑问句。
10. whom 考查定语从句。先行词为人时，介词后面用whom. 11.where 考查定语从句。句中先行词为area,关系系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
12.that/which 考查定语从句。句意：我们在日常相当于in which.生活中遇到的小问题可能就会是伟大发明的灵感来源。根据句子结构可知，先行词problems在定语从句中作谓语动词meet的宾语，指代事物。
13.whose 考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妻隔壁，他们的孩子总是弄出很多噪音。根据句意和结构可知，本题是限制性定语从句，先行词couple在定语从句中作定语，故使用关系代词whose。
14.when 考查定语从句。句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼着自己能独立的时刻。分析句子可知，此处考查定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，由此判断用关系副词，而先行词the time表示的是时间，故用关系副词when。
二、用适当的关系代词、关系副词或“介词+关系代词”填空
1.that/which 考查定语从句。关系词在从句中作宾语。
2.when考查定语从句。关系词在从句中作时间状语。
3.whose考查定语从句。关系词在从句中作定语。
4.without which考查定语从句。根据语义可知，要用“介词+关系代词”引导从句。
5.to whom 考查定语从句。根据语义可知，要用“介词+关系代词”引导从句。
