17世纪，英语的标准发音被确定，口音歧视便由此形成。但是随着时代的发展，一场口音变革正在悄悄进行，人们渐渐认为怎么说并不重要，说什么才重要。
You Are What You Speak
George Bernard Shaw, once wrote that an English man/woman only has to open their mouths for another English man/woman to hate them. Until recently, this statement may have held some truth. The prejudices we all seem to hold towards people who speak with particular accents and dialects are deep rooted in the British minds. Those speaking English with a Received Pronunciation accent are at the top or the social order; those with a Northern or Southern accent in the middle, and those with a Midlands accent at the bottom.
Attitudes towards variations of spoken English in the UK are rooted in prejudices that go back to the seventeenth century, when a standard form of English was chosen from regional(地区的) origins. Before then, no one cared. Standard English, with a Received Pronunciation accent, has generally indicated membership of a financially comfortable, middle class
who could afford to educate their children privately. By contrast, speaking with a regional accent more likely indicated a working class background and state education for children. A West Country accent would be associated with being a country bumpkin(乡巴佬) and lack of intelligence; a Cockney(伦敦腔的) accent with slipperiness and dishonesty, a Northern accent with being untrustworthy and a Birmingham or West Midlands accent with stupidity.
However, a quiet revolution is taking place. With an increasingly educated population, the old ties between accent and social class are fast coming loose. Regionality in speech may have been something to disguise in the 1960s and 70s, but today’s generation is less likely to do so. The BBC, once a guardian of English pronunciation, has thrown off its role as a gatekeeper of pronunciation. Even the younger generation of the Royal Family have been heard to occasionally glottal stop(声门闭塞音). Who knows, we may fast be approaching an era(时代) where what is said rather than how it is said is heard.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.classic adj. 经典的
2.professor n. 教授
3.whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出汽笛声
n. 口哨声；汽笛声
4.thief n. 小偷；贼
5.__classify vt. 把……分类；把……归类
6.remark n. 谈论；言论；评述
vt.& vi. 谈论；评论；说起
7.betray vt. 显露出(本来面目)；背叛
8.outcome n. 结果；效果
9.condemn vt. 谴责；使……注定
10.wallet__n. 皮夹；钱包
11.acquaintance n. 相识；了解；熟人
12.status n. 身份；地位；职位
拓展词汇
13.adaptation n．适应(性)；改编本→adapt v．(使)适应；改编
14.woollen adj.毛纺的；纯毛的→wool n．毛
15.hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇→hesitation n．犹豫；踌躇
16.uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的→uncomfortably adv.不舒服地；不自在地→comfortably adv.舒服地；自在地→comfortable adj.舒服的→comfort n．舒服；安慰vt.安慰；抚慰
17.troublesome adj.带来麻烦的；使人心烦的→trouble n．麻烦
18.fortune n．机会；运气；大笔的钱→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
19.properly adv.适当地；恰当地→proper adj.适合的；本身的
阅读词汇
20.plot n. 情节；阴谋
21.extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的；非凡的
22.handkerchief n. 手帕；手绢；纸巾
23.brilliant adj. 光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华
横溢的
24.upper adj. (位置或地位)较高的；级别较高的
25.handful n. 一把；少量
26.superior adj. 优秀的；较高的；上级的
n. 上级；长官
27.ambassador n. 大使；使节
重点短语
1.in__all__directions 四面八方地
2.hand__over 交出；移交
3.pass...off__as... (把某人)改变或冒充成……
4.make__one’s__acquaintance
结识；与……相见
5.generally__speaking 一般来说
6.in__terms__of... 就……来说；从……角度
7.a__handful__of 一把；少量
重点句型
1.状语从句的省略(while＋分词结构)：While__watching(一边观察), he makes notes.
2.What if...？句型：What__if(如果……怎么样) I was？
3.every time引导状语从句：But they betray themselves every__time__they__open__their__mouths(每当他们张嘴说话的时候).
4.“be of＋抽象名词”结构：Generally speaking, people are more polite to those who they think are __of__a__higher__social__class(社会地位更高的)(H) and less polite to those they consider are members of a lower class (L).
Fast-reading
Skim the text and answer the following question.
The main idea of the text is about ________________________ of Eliza Doolittle meeting with Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering.
答案：the first experience
Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Eliza greeted the gentleman in order to ________．
A．ask him to buy some flowers from her
B．talk with him
C．ask him to teach her
D．beg some money from him
2．Eliza began to cry because ________．
A．she thought Professor Higgins would arrest her
B．the gentleman didn’t give her any money
C．Pickering beat and scolded her
D．there was no reason
3．Professor Higgins believed that he could judge people by ________．
A．their appearances
B．their actions
C．their conversations
D．their manners
答案：1－3.AAC
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Nearby a flower girl wearing dark garments and a woollen scarf is also sheltering from the rain.
Nearby
also .
[翻译] 不远处一个穿着黑色衣裙、围着羊毛围巾的卖花姑娘也在躲雨。
答案：现在分词；表
2．But, sir, (proudly) once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party.
①本句是一个简单句。
②句子的主干是that girl could pass herself off as a duchess。pass sb.off as...意为“把某人改变或冒充成……”。
③once educated to speak properly是“连词＋______”结构，在句中作________，它是once she is educated to speak properly的省略形式。
[翻译] 但是，先生，(高傲地)一旦她接受教导，学会正确地说话，这个女孩子可以在三个月内成功扮演出席使馆花园宴会的女公爵。
答案：过去分词；状语
3．Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady’s maid or a shop assistant，which requires better English.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady’s maid or a shop assistant是主句；which引导____________从句，修饰先行词________．
[翻译] 或许我还可以给她找份工作，当一名贵夫人的侍女或商店的店员。这些工作都要求英语说得好呢。
答案：非限制性定语；place
①ambitious adj.有雄心的，有野心的
be ambitious to do sth.渴望做某事
ambition n．雄心，野心；抱负，志向
②phonetics[f?'netIks]n.语音学
③convinced adj.坚信，深信
be convinced of/that...坚信……
convince vt.说服；使信服
convince sb./oneself of sth. 使某人/某人自己确信某事
convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
④colonel['k??nl]n.(陆军)上校
⑤set vt.布置；分配；指派
⑥fateful['feItfl]adj.重要的；决定性的；命中注定的
fate n．命运
⑦whistle['wIsl]n.汽笛声；口哨声
vi.吹口哨；发出汽笛声
⑧in all directions(＝in every direction)四面八方地(不用介词to)
⑨make notes(＝take notes)做记录
⑩flower girl卖花女；在新娘前撒花的女孩
?garment['ɡɑ?m?nt]n.(一件)衣服(外套、裙、袍等); (pl)服装
?woollen['w?l?n]adj.毛纺的；纯毛的(?美?woolen)
?shelter from...(＝take
shelter from ...)躲避……
?hesitate['hezIteIt]vi.犹豫；踌躇
hesitation n．犹豫；踌躇
hesitant adj.犹豫的
?change n．[U]找给的零钱，找头
?hold up举起，抬起
?uncomfortably[?n'k?mft?blI]
adv.不舒服地；不自在地
uncomfortable[?n'k?mft?bl]
adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的
?troublesome['tr?bls?m]adj.带来麻烦的；使人心烦的
后缀-some意为“引起(或易于)……的”，常构成形容词。
?be of use(＝be useful)有用的，属于“be of＋抽象名词”结构。
be of value＝be valuable
be of importance＝be
important
be of help＝ be helpful
?outcome['a?tk?m]n.结果；效果
ain’t为不规范语言，在此相当于have not，在其他场合也可以相当于is not, are not, am not, has not。
thief[θi?f]n.小偷；贼
take...for...把……看作/当作……，把……误以为……
take...for granted认为……理所当然
handkerchief['h??k?t?If]n.手帕；手绢；纸巾
disguise[dIs'ɡaIz]vt.伪装；假扮；遮掩 n．伪装
in disguise伪装(的)；假扮(的)
take down记下
hand over把……交给……；移交
imitate vt.模仿，仿效
mistaken[mIs'teIk?n]adj.(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的
brilliant['brIlI?nt]adj.光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的
classify['kl?sIfaI]vt.把……分类；把……归类
classification n．归类；分类
profession n．行业，职业，专业
place vt.认出，辨认，识别
remark[rI'mɑ?k]n.谈论；言论；评述 vt.&vi.谈论；评论；说起
congratulate v．向(某人)道贺，祝贺
congratulate sb. on sth.祝贺某人某事
betray[bI'treI]vt.显露出(本来面目)；背叛
betray oneself(无意中)泄露某人的信息
upper['?p?]adj.(位置或地位)较高的；级别较高的
extraordinary[Ik'str??dnrI]
adj.不同寻常的；非凡的
condemn[k?n'dem]vt.使……注定；谴责
gutter['ɡ?t?]n.贫民区；排水沟；阴沟
properly['pr?p?lI]adv.适当地；恰当地
pass...off as...(把某人)改变或冒充成……
duchess['d?t?Is]n.公爵夫人；女公爵
duke n．公爵
ambassador[?m'b?s?d?]n.大使；使节
sommat(＝something that)是不规范语言。
ignore vt.忽视；对……不予理会
acquaintance[?'kweInt?ns]n.相识；了解；熟人
make one’s acquaintance结识；与……相见
handful['h?ndf?l]n.一把；少量
后缀-ful构成的名词：
armful n．单臂(或双臂)一抱的量；一抱
mouthful n．一口，一满口(的量)
cupful n．一杯(的量)；满杯
spoonful n．一勺(的量)
celebration n．[C]庆典，庆祝活动；[C，U]庆祝
amazement[?'meIzm?nt]n.惊讶；惊愕
in amazement震惊；惊讶
fortune['f??t?u?n]n.机会；运气；大笔的钱
make a fortune发财
authentic[??'θentIk]adj.
真实的；真正的；可信的；可靠的
【核心素养链接】
萧伯纳(George Bernard Shaw, 1856－1950)，爱尔兰剧作家，评论家，诺贝尔文学奖获得者。他一生创作了52个剧本，主要作品包括《人与超人》(Man and Superman)、《皮格马利翁》(Pygmalion)和《圣女贞德》(Saint Joan)。萧伯纳是西欧批判现实主义文学最杰出的代表之一，是现代英国最伟大的剧作家。国外学界公认，无论是在剧作思想艺术的丰富多样上，还是在对英国乃至欧美戏剧发展的持久影响上，萧伯纳都是继莎士比亚之后最重要的剧作家。
电影《窈窕淑女》(My Fair Lady)改编自萧伯纳的戏剧作品《皮格马利翁》，该片于1965年获得奥斯卡最佳影片奖、最佳男主角奖、最佳导演奖等8项大奖。
PYGMALION
MAIN CHARACTERS：
Eliza Doolittle(E)：a poor flower girl who is ambitious① to improve herself
Professor Higgins(H)：an expert in phonetics②， convinced③ that the quality of a person’s English decides his/her position in society
◆convinced that...society作后置定语修饰前面的an expert，相当于定语从句who is convinced that...society。
Colonel④ Pickering(CP)：an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins’ who sets⑤ him a task
Act One FATEFUL⑥ MEETINGS
11：15 pm in London, England in 1914 outside a theatre. It is pouring with rain and cab whistles⑦ are blowing in all directions⑧. A man is hiding from the rain listening to people’s language and watching their reactions. While watching, he makes notes⑨. Nearby a flower girl⑩ wearing dark garments? and a woollen? scarf is also sheltering from? the rain. A gentleman(G) passes and hesitates?for a moment.
◆listening to people’s language and watching their reactions为并列的现在分词短语，在此作伴随状语。
◆While watching是时间状语从句While he is watching的省略形式。
◆wearing...scarf在此为现在分词短语作后置定语，可转换为定语从句who wears...scarf。
E：Come over’ere，cap’in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl.
G：I’m sorry but I haven’t any change?.
E：I can giv’ou change, cap’in.
G：(surprised)For a pound? I’m afraid I’ve got nothing less.
E：(hopefully)Oah! Oh, do buy a flower off me, Captain. Take this for three pence. (holds up? some dead flowers)
◆do在此为助动词，用于加强动词的语气，意为“务必，一定”。
G：(uncomfortably?)Now don’t be troublesome?， there’s a good girl. (looks in his wallet and sounds more friendly)But, wait, here’s some small change. Will that be of any use? to you? It’s raining heavily now, isn’t it？(leaves)
E：(disappointed at the outcome?， but thinking it is better than nothing)Thank you, sir. (sees a man taking notes and feels worried) Hey! I ain’t done nothing wrong by speaking to that gentleman. I’ve a right to sell flowers, I have. I ain’t no thief. I’m an honest girl I am! (begins to cry)
◆sees a man taking notes为“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，现在分词短语taking notes作宾补，表示主动和动作正在进行。
H：(kindly)There! There! Who’s hurting you, you silly girl? What do you take me for? (gives her a handkerchief)
◆There可以单独用作感叹词，表示因说中某事而感到满意或表示烦恼。根据不同的语境，可译为“好啦，得啦！”或“你瞧，你看！”。
E：I thought maybe you was a policeman in disguise.
H：Do I look like a policeman?
E：(still worried)Then why did’ou take down my words for？How do I know whether’ou took me down right? ’ou just show me what ’ou’ve wrote about me!
H：Here you are.(hands over the paper covered in writing)
◆过去分词短语covered in writing作后置定语，修饰paper，可转换为定语从句which is covered in writing。
E：What’s that? That ain’t proper writing. I can’t read that. (pushes it back at him)
H：I can.(reads imitating Eliza) “Come over’ ere, cap’in, and buy me flowers off a poor girl.” (in his own voice)There you are and you were born in Lisson Grove if I’m not mistaken.
◆There you are用在解释或示范时，可译为“这就行了，就是这样”等。
E：(looking confused)What if I was? What’s it to you?
CP：(has been watching the girl and now speaks to Higgins)That’s quite brilliant! How did you do that, may I ask?
H：Simply phonetics studied and classified from people’s own speech.That’s my profession and also my hobby.You can place a man by just a few remarks. I can place any spoken conversation within six miles, and even within two streets in London sometimes.
CP：Let me congratulate you! But is there an income to be made in that?
H：Yes, indeed. Quite a good one. This is the age of the newly rich. People begin their working life in a poor neighbourhood of London with 80 pounds a year and end in a rich one with 100 thousand. But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths. Now once taught by me, she’d become an upper class lady...
◆every time在此引导时间状语从句，注意不能与when连用。
◆画线部分在此为条件状语从句once she is taught by me的省略形式。
CP：Is that so? Extraordinary!
H：(rudely)Look at this girl with her terrible English：the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days. But，sir，(proudly) once educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party.Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady’s maid or a shop assistant, which requires better English.
E：What’s that you say？A shop assistant？Now that’s sommat I want, that is!
H：(ignores her)Can you believe that?
CP：Of course！I study many Indian dialects myself and...
H：Do you indeed？Do you know Colonel Pickering?
CP：Indeed I do, for that is me.Who are you?
H：I’m Henry Higgins and I was going to India to meet you.
CP：And I came to England to make your acquaintance!
E：What about me？How’ll you help me?
H：Oh，take that.(carelessly throws a handfulof money into her basket)We must have a celebration，my dear man.(leave together)
E：(looking at the collected money in amazement)Well，I never.A whole pound！A fortune！That’ll help me，indeed it will.Tomorrow I’ll find you，Henry Higgins.Just you wait and see！All that talk of (imitates him) “authentic English”．..(in her own voice) I’ll see whether you can get that for me...(goes out)
皮格马利翁
主要人物：
伊莱扎·杜利特尔(伊)：一位穷苦的卖花姑娘，渴望改善自己(的生活)
希金斯教授(希)：一位语音学专家，坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的社会地位
皮克林上校(皮)：一位陆军军官，后来成为希金斯的朋友，并给他安排了一项任务
第一幕 决定性的会面
1914年(某日)晚上11点15分，英国伦敦某剧场外，下着倾盆大雨，四处响着出租车的鸣笛声。一位男士在躲雨，他一边听着人们的谈话，一边观察着他们的反应。他一边观察，一边做记录。不远处一个穿着黑色衣裙、围着羊毛围巾的卖花姑娘也在躲雨。这时有位先生(先)路过，他迟疑了片刻。
伊：长官，到这边来呀，买我这个穷苦的女孩儿一些花吧。
先：对不起，我没有零钱。
伊：我可以给你找零钱呀，长官。
先：(惊奇地)一英镑你找得开吗？我恐怕没有再小的钱了。
伊：(满怀希望地)啊！好啦，从我这儿买一朵吧，长官。拿这一朵，只要三便士。(举起一些已经枯萎的花)
先：(不舒服地)别烦我了，好姑娘。(在钱包里找什么，这时语气友好些了)但是等一等，这儿有几个零钱。那对你有用吗？现在雨下大了，不是吗？(说完就走了)
伊：(对结果表现出失望的样子，但是想着有总比什么都没有好)先生，谢谢了。(看到有人在做记录，她感到担心)嗨！我跟那位先生讲话，又没做错什么事呀。我有权卖花吧，我有权嘛！我不是小偷。我是个老实的姑娘，老老实实的！(开始哭起来)
希：(友善地)好啦！好啦！谁伤害你了，傻姑娘？你把我当成什么人了？(递给她一条手帕)
伊：我还以为你是一个乔装的警察呢。
希：我看起来像个警察吗？
伊：(仍在担心)那你为啥要把我说的话记下来呢？我怎么知道你是不是写对了呢？那你把你写的关于我的东西给我看看！
希：给你！(把写满字的纸递给她)
伊： 这是什么呀？不像规规矩矩的字，我看不懂。(把纸还给他)
希：我来读。(模仿伊的声音读)“长官，到这边来呀，买我这个穷苦的女孩儿一些花吧。”(改用自己的声音说)你呀，如果我没弄错的话，你出生在里森格罗佛。
伊：(看起来困惑不解)如果我是又怎么样呢？跟你有什么关系呢？
皮：(本来是一直在观察这个姑娘的，这时跟希金斯说话了)太棒了！请问你是怎么知道的？
希：语音学对人们说的话进行研究、分类，仅此而已。这是我的专业，也是我的业余爱好。你可以根据几句话就判定一个人来自何地。我可以根据任何谈话来判定他们是哪个地方的人，误差不超过六英里，有时候在伦敦甚至不超过两个街道。
皮：恭喜你了！不过，你这样做有收入吗？
希：事实上，有，还挺高的。这是致富的年代。人们从伦敦的穷人区开始工作，年收入才80英镑，最后到了富人区工作，年收入就是10万英镑了。但是每次他们一张嘴就会暴露自己的身份。现在一旦让我教她，她就会变成一个上层社会的淑女……
皮：是吗？那太妙了！
希：(粗鲁地)你瞧那个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕，那一口英语使她注定要在贫民窟里待一辈子了。但是，先生，(高傲地)一旦她接受教导，学会正确地说话，这个女孩子可以在三个月内成功扮演出席使馆花园宴会的女公爵。或许我还可以给她找份工作，当一名贵夫人的侍女或商店的店员。这些工作都要求英语说得好。
伊：你说什么来着？商店店员？那正是现在我想要(做)的，真的！
希：(不理睬她)你相信我说的话吗？
皮：当然相信！我自己就学了许多印度方言，而且……
希：真的吗？那你认不认得皮克林上校呢？
皮：当然认得，皮克林就是我。那么请问你是？
希：我是亨利·希金斯。我正打算去印度见你呢。
皮：我也正是到英国来找你的！
伊：我呢？你怎么帮助我呢？
希：啊，拿去吧。(漫不经心地朝她的篮子里扔了一把钱)老兄，我们该好好地庆祝一番了。(一道离去)
伊：(惊奇地看着收集起来的钱)啊，我还从来没有见过。整整一英镑啊！一大笔钱哪！这的确会帮到我，真的。明天我会去找你，亨利·希金斯。等着瞧吧！你那口(模仿他的声音)“真正的英语”……(用她自己的声音)我倒要看看你能不能帮我学会……(离去)
阅读理解
A
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) was born in 1857 when the Philological Society of London determined that a thorough dictionary of the English language did not exist. Today OED is widely recognized as the most comprehensive(综合性的) English dictionary in existence.
The OED should not be confused with a traditional dictionary. Most dictionaries include the most recent meanings of a word, along with a pronunciation guide. An OED entry(词条) starts by listing the word, different spellings, and the current pronunciation along with all current definitions. Here the similarities end. The entries go on to search for the roots of the English language, and include outdated words and meanings which are no longer in use. The OED covers words in use as far back as Middle English and all entries are supported by quotations(引文), which are hand gathered from hundreds of years of English literature.
The OED took a long time to get off the ground. Although the hard work was determined in 1857, it didn’t commence until 1879, when James Murray was brought on board. It was estimated that the complete project would take 10 years, and include four volumes. The project actually took 70 years, going through many editors, and consisted of ten volumes.
The first edition(版本) of the OED was finished in 1928. A great deal of time was invested in modernizing the OED in the 1980s, when the entries began to be stored as a computer database. In 1989, the second edition was published. A third edition is underway, although the publication date is uncertain. A complete second edition of OED has 20 volumes. A smaller version, known as the Compact OED, is available, and consists of two volumes.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了《牛津英语词典》的成书过程及其发展历程。
1．What makes the OED different from traditional dictionaries?
A．It has a pronunciation guide.
B．There are more entries in this book.
C．It includes the ancient usages of the entries.
D．The quotations are mostly from Middle English.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The entries go on to search for the roots of the English language, and include outdated words and meanings which are no longer in use.可知，《牛津英语词典》的特殊之处在于其包含许多词条的古老用法。
2．What does the underlined word “commence” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Begin. B．Improve.
C．Stop. D．Succeed.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Although the hard work was determined in 1857...when James Murray was brought on board.可推断，《牛津英语词典》实际上直到1879年才开始编纂。
3．What do we know about the second edition of the OED?
A．It consists of ten volumes in total.
B．It was edited independently by James Murray.
C．It is the most recent version of a complete OED.
D．It becomes the world’s most valuable dictionary of a language.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的In 1989, the second edition was published. A third edition...the publication date is uncertain.可推断，第二版是最近发售的完整版的《牛津英语词典》。
B
Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen was one of the most popular European fairy tale authors in the 19th century. While today Andersen is known for his impressive characters, his tales also raised environmental concerns during an age of rapid industrialization.
Global warming is not a 20th-century phenomenon. From 1760 to 1914 in England, vast numbers of people moved from the country to the city for financial security. London’s population increased, causing a century-long struggle with pollution. An outdated sewage(污水) system released all human waste into the capital’s water supply, smoke poured from both factory and domestic chimneys and streets were caked with coal, mud, vegetable matter and animal waste.
While Victorian fantasy literature often romanticized nature as an escape from the industrial landscape, Andersen showed human characters as the source of environmental destruction. For example, The Fir Tree, The Daisy and The Flax feature plants that are abused by human characters. In these stories, talking plants suffer the dangers of industry. Despite the pain they experience, these plants are still providers willing to give up their personal happiness for human interest. This description of nature encouraged children to reflect on their impact on the landscape.
In The Great Sea Serpent, he describes fish reacting to the installation of the telegraph cable(电缆), which ran the length of the Atlantic ocean between Europe and America. With the disorder of the installation, schools of fish became separated and were so anxious that they threw up their stomachs and flounders who once lived peacefully began to eat their neighbours. The telegraph cable is not a positive technological breakthrough, but a threat to the environment.
By exploring the industrialized landscape, Andersen’s fairy tales provided knowledge on a very real threat to England. Today, with the steady rise of dystopian(反乌托邦的) literature, we see similar artistic responses to environmental change which direct readers away from self-satisfaction. As authors seek to express the increasing ecological crises, their literature holds the potential to inspire great changes.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了安徒生童话中的环保意识。
4．What happened between 1760s and 1910s in England?
A．Fairy tales made urban life more attractive.
B．Global warming started to draw public attention.
C．Human activities contributed to environmental problems.
D．People’s attitudes toward Andersen’s works kept changing.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的London’s population increased, causing a century-long struggle with pollution. An outdated sewage(污水)．..were caked with coal, mud, vegetable matter and animal waste.可知，英国自1760年到1914年期间人口不断增加，人类活动致使环境不断恶化。
5．The Great Sea Serpent mainly describes ________．
A．the meaning of friendship
B．the diversity of ocean life
C．the development of communication technology
D．the conflict between the ocean environment and technology
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的With the disorder of the installation, schools of fish became separated and were so anxious...began to eat their neighbours...a threat to the environment.可推断，《大海蟒》主要描述了科技与海洋环境之间产生的冲突。
6．What can be the best title for this text?
A．The Writing Skills in Victorian Fairy Tales
B．Andersen’s Fairy Tales Help People Escape from Reality
C．The Most Important Message in Victorian Fairy Tales
D．Andersen’s Fairy Tales Express Anxieties about Ecological Destruction
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文大意可知，本文主要介绍了安徒生童话中透露的对环境问题的担忧。
C
For most of us, there is an unwritten social contract based on our online messaging activities. In our world of instant communication, it seems we have come to expect that the general immediacy and access to information should be reflected in our online social communication, just as it would be when face-to-face. But rules that exist in the real world don’t necessarily move easily to the digital world.
When the social contract is broken, it can introduce discomfort into the communication process, often including anxiety over the reasons for the non-reply. It has been suggested that some people who use text messaging frequently may actually feel rejected and suffer deep anxiety when replies to their messages are not immediate.
It’s worth considering that the technology platform we use to conduct our messaging activities may contribute to our anxiety. Almost every online messaging platform has a way of informing us when our message has been delivered and read. WhatsApp has two blue ticks(记号), one for successful delivery and one for when the message has been read. The message receipt notifications(通知) are set to appear on one’s device. This helps us know that it’s likely a friend has at least seen our message. This could be a nightmare for someone who cares.
When the non-reply behavior is taken to an extreme, it may be similar to a phenomenon known as ghosting. Ghosting involves continuous behaviors such as not replying to text messages, emails, phone calls or any related electronic communications. It can occur within any type of close relationship. People often use ghosting as a way of breaking off a relationship without any apparent reason.
Perhaps we need a new type of online communication social contract, and let’s set these expectations at the beginning of a relationship. For example, on Tinder, you have a box to tick to specify whether immediate replies are optional. Thanks to read-receipts(阅读回执) and their associated emotional impact, relationship communication really has never been more complex.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了不及时回复消息的行为。
7．What does the“unwritten social contract” in the first paragraph mean?
A．That digital devices save us a lot of time.
B．That certain online messages are annoying.
C．That online messages should be instantly replied.
D．That face-to-face communication is always necessary.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的In our world of instant communication, it seems we have come to expect that the general immediacy and access to information...可推断，这一默认的社交契约即线上消息需要及时回复。
8．According to Paragraph 2, non-reply behaviors of the other side ________．
A．can make people become more patient
B．may do harm to people’s mental health
C．are less common among positive people
D．tend to reduce the users of text messages
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的．..it can introduce discomfort into the communication process, often including anxiety...feel rejected and suffer deep anxiety...可推断，不被回复的行为可能会影响人们的心理健康。
9．Paragraph 4 implies that people who choose ghosting ________．
A．are able to keep focused on their work
B．tend to ignore others’ messages frequently
C．keep a relationship through online messages
D．prefer communicating with their close friends
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Ghosting involves continuous behaviors such as not replying to text messages, emails, phone calls or any related electronic communications.可知，选择ghosting的人常常会无视别人发来的消息。
10．Which of the following ideas will the author agree with?
A．Online communication is ineffective in the long run.
B．Some traditional communication technologies are declining.
C．Modern people are often too stressed to view all the online messages.
D．You should let others know if you can reply to their messages immediately.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的．..let’s set these expectations at the beginning of a relationship...specify whether immediate replies are optional.可推断，作者认为我们可以在人际交往中让对方知道自己是否能及时回复消息。
七选五
How to Give an Effective Presentation
When planning an effective presentation, there are a number of things to keep in mind.
1．________ The point of your presentation may be to outline a project plan, report on work that has been done, solve a problem, or provide training. Once you are clear on the reason for your presentation, it will be easier to organize your information.
If you are not used to giving presentations, you may feel nervous. There are a few things you can do to fight against this. The most important thing is to rehearse(演练) your presentation several times until you feel comfortable with it. 2.________ This will help you relax. Stand up straight and look your audience in the eye. Most of all, don’t try to be perfect. This is an impossible goal.
Even though you may be using a microphone, you still need to pay attention to your voice. 3.________ Pause often to give your audience time to absorb the information. Do not talk so quickly that no one can follow you.
Before you begin your presentation, remember to check the microphone, computer, and any other special tools you may be using. 4.________ Thus there will be no interruptions due to breakdowns(故障)．
Something that is often overlooked but that is very important for an effective presentation is the location setup. 5.________ The chairs should be comfortable, too.
A．Talk slowly and clearly.
B．First you should provide support for an idea.
C．Before you begin speaking, take a few deep breaths.
D．First ask yourself, “Why am I giving this presentation？”
E．Make sure everything is in working order before you start talking.
F．This is particularly important for numbers and other kinds of information.
G．Make sure that the seating is placed so that it allows everyone to see you and hear you.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种作报告的技巧。
1．D 解析：根据下文中的The point of your presentation may be to outline...it will be easier to organize your information.可知，做报告的原因可以有很多种，你在做报告之前要先明确自己为什么要做报告，然后才能有的放矢。下文是对D项的解释说明。
2．C 解析：根据上文中的If you are not used to giving presentations, you may feel nervous. There are a few things you can do to fight against this.及下文中的This will help you relax.可知，有几种方法可以帮你缓解做报告时的紧张情绪，比如在做报告之前深呼吸可以帮助你放轻松。C项与上文构成列举关系，且与下文构成递进关系。
3．A 解析：根据下文中的Pause often to give your audience time to absorb the information. Do not talk so quickly that no one can follow you.可知，做报告的时候要慢点说，并把话说清楚，语速不要过快，否则听众会跟不上你的思路。A项符合此处语境。
4．E 解析：根据上文中的Before you begin your presentation, remember to check the microphone, computer, and any other special tools you may be using.及下文中的Thus there will be no interruptions due to breakdowns(故障)．可知，在做报告之前要记得检查麦克风、电脑等各项设备，只有确保各项设备都良好运转，才能保证演讲不会因为设备故障而中断。E项符合此处语境。
5．G 解析：根据上文中的Something that is often overlooked but that is very important for an effective presentation is the location setup.可知，做报告之前经常容易被人遗忘的是座位的安排，你要确保座位的安排能保证每个人都能看见你和听见你的声音。G项与上文构成递进关系。
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阅读理解
A
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) was born in 1857 when the Philological Society of London determined that a thorough dictionary of the English language did not exist. Today OED is widely recognized as the most comprehensive(综合性的) English dictionary in existence.
The OED should not be confused with a traditional dictionary. Most dictionaries include the most recent meanings of a word, along with a pronunciation guide. An OED entry(词条) starts by listing the word, different spellings, and the current pronunciation along with all current definitions. Here the similarities end. The entries go on to search for the roots of the English language, and include outdated words and meanings which are no longer in use. The OED covers words in use as far back as Middle English and all entries are supported by quotations(引文), which are hand gathered from hundreds of years of English literature.
The OED took a long time to get off the ground. Although the hard work was determined in 1857, it didn’t commence until 1879, when James Murray was brought on board. It was estimated that the complete project would take 10 years, and include four volumes. The project actually took 70 years, going through many editors, and consisted of ten volumes.
The first edition(版本) of the OED was finished in 1928. A great deal of time was invested in modernizing the OED in the 1980s, when the entries began to be stored as a computer database. In 1989, the second edition was published. A third edition is underway, although the publication date is uncertain. A complete second edition of OED has 20 volumes. A smaller version, known as the Compact OED, is available, and consists of two volumes.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了《牛津英语词典》的成书过程及其发展历程。
1．What makes the OED different from traditional dictionaries?
A．It has a pronunciation guide.
B．There are more entries in this book.
C．It includes the ancient usages of the entries.
D．The quotations are mostly from Middle English.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The entries go on to search for the roots of the English language, and include outdated words and meanings which are no longer in use.可知，《牛津英语词典》的特殊之处在于其包含许多词条的古老用法。
2．What does the underlined word “commence” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Begin. B．Improve.
C．Stop. D．Succeed.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Although the hard work was determined in 1857...when James Murray was brought on board.可推断，《牛津英语词典》实际上直到1879年才开始编纂。
3．What do we know about the second edition of the OED?
A．It consists of ten volumes in total.
B．It was edited independently by James Murray.
C．It is the most recent version of a complete OED.
D．It becomes the world’s most valuable dictionary of a language.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的In 1989, the second edition was published. A third edition...the publication date is uncertain.可推断，第二版是最近发售的完整版的《牛津英语词典》。
B
Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen was one of the most popular European fairy tale authors in the 19th century. While today Andersen is known for his impressive characters, his tales also raised environmental concerns during an age of rapid industrialization.
Global warming is not a 20th-century phenomenon. From 1760 to 1914 in England, vast numbers of people moved from the country to the city for financial security. London’s population increased, causing a century-long struggle with pollution. An outdated sewage(污水) system released all human waste into the capital’s water supply, smoke poured from both factory and domestic chimneys and streets were caked with coal, mud, vegetable matter and animal waste.
While Victorian fantasy literature often romanticized nature as an escape from the industrial landscape, Andersen showed human characters as the source of environmental destruction. For example, The Fir Tree, The Daisy and The Flax feature plants that are abused by human characters. In these stories, talking plants suffer the dangers of industry. Despite the pain they experience, these plants are still providers willing to give up their personal happiness for human interest. This description of nature encouraged children to reflect on their impact on the landscape.
In The Great Sea Serpent, he describes fish reacting to the installation of the telegraph cable(电缆), which ran the length of the Atlantic ocean between Europe and America. With the disorder of the installation, schools of fish became separated and were so anxious that they threw up their stomachs and flounders who once lived peacefully began to eat their neighbours. The telegraph cable is not a positive technological breakthrough, but a threat to the environment.
By exploring the industrialized landscape, Andersen’s fairy tales provided knowledge on a very real threat to England. Today, with the steady rise of dystopian(反乌托邦的) literature, we see similar artistic responses to environmental change which direct readers away from self-satisfaction. As authors seek to express the increasing ecological crises, their literature holds the potential to inspire great changes.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要分析了安徒生童话中的环保意识。
4．What happened between 1760s and 1910s in England?
A．Fairy tales made urban life more attractive.
B．Global warming started to draw public attention.
C．Human activities contributed to environmental problems.
D．People’s attitudes toward Andersen’s works kept changing.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的London’s population increased, causing a century-long struggle with pollution. An outdated sewage(污水)．..were caked with coal, mud, vegetable matter and animal waste.可知，英国自1760年到1914年期间人口不断增加，人类活动致使环境不断恶化。
5．The Great Sea Serpent mainly describes ________．
A．the meaning of friendship
B．the diversity of ocean life
C．the development of communication technology
D．the conflict between the ocean environment and technology
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的With the disorder of the installation, schools of fish became separated and were so anxious...began to eat their neighbours...a threat to the environment.可推断，《大海蟒》主要描述了科技与海洋环境之间产生的冲突。
6．What can be the best title for this text?
A．The Writing Skills in Victorian Fairy Tales
B．Andersen’s Fairy Tales Help People Escape from Reality
C．The Most Important Message in Victorian Fairy Tales
D．Andersen’s Fairy Tales Express Anxieties about Ecological Destruction
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文大意可知，本文主要介绍了安徒生童话中透露的对环境问题的担忧。
C
For most of us, there is an unwritten social contract based on our online messaging activities. In our world of instant communication, it seems we have come to expect that the general immediacy and access to information should be reflected in our online social communication, just as it would be when face-to-face. But rules that exist in the real world don’t necessarily move easily to the digital world.
When the social contract is broken, it can introduce discomfort into the communication process, often including anxiety over the reasons for the non-reply. It has been suggested that some people who use text messaging frequently may actually feel rejected and suffer deep anxiety when replies to their messages are not immediate.
It’s worth considering that the technology platform we use to conduct our messaging activities may contribute to our anxiety. Almost every online messaging platform has a way of informing us when our message has been delivered and read. WhatsApp has two blue ticks(记号), one for successful delivery and one for when the message has been read. The message receipt notifications(通知) are set to appear on one’s device. This helps us know that it’s likely a friend has at least seen our message. This could be a nightmare for someone who cares.
When the non-reply behavior is taken to an extreme, it may be similar to a phenomenon known as ghosting. Ghosting involves continuous behaviors such as not replying to text messages, emails, phone calls or any related electronic communications. It can occur within any type of close relationship. People often use ghosting as a way of breaking off a relationship without any apparent reason.
Perhaps we need a new type of online communication social contract, and let’s set these expectations at the beginning of a relationship. For example, on Tinder, you have a box to tick to specify whether immediate replies are optional. Thanks to read-receipts(阅读回执) and their associated emotional impact, relationship communication really has never been more complex.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了不及时回复消息的行为。
7．What does the“unwritten social contract” in the first paragraph mean?
A．That digital devices save us a lot of time.
B．That certain online messages are annoying.
C．That online messages should be instantly replied.
D．That face-to-face communication is always necessary.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的In our world of instant communication, it seems we have come to expect that the general immediacy and access to information...可推断，这一默认的社交契约即线上消息需要及时回复。
8．According to Paragraph 2, non-reply behaviors of the other side ________．
A．can make people become more patient
B．may do harm to people’s mental health
C．are less common among positive people
D．tend to reduce the users of text messages
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的．..it can introduce discomfort into the communication process, often including anxiety...feel rejected and suffer deep anxiety...可推断，不被回复的行为可能会影响人们的心理健康。
9．Paragraph 4 implies that people who choose ghosting ________．
A．are able to keep focused on their work
B．tend to ignore others’ messages frequently
C．keep a relationship through online messages
D．prefer communicating with their close friends
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Ghosting involves continuous behaviors such as not replying to text messages, emails, phone calls or any related electronic communications.可知，选择ghosting的人常常会无视别人发来的消息。
10．Which of the following ideas will the author agree with?
A．Online communication is ineffective in the long run.
B．Some traditional communication technologies are declining.
C．Modern people are often too stressed to view all the online messages.
D．You should let others know if you can reply to their messages immediately.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的．..let’s set these expectations at the beginning of a relationship...specify whether immediate replies are optional.可推断，作者认为我们可以在人际交往中让对方知道自己是否能及时回复消息。
七选五
How to Give an Effective Presentation
When planning an effective presentation, there are a number of things to keep in mind.
1．________ The point of your presentation may be to outline a project plan, report on work that has been done, solve a problem, or provide training. Once you are clear on the reason for your presentation, it will be easier to organize your information.
If you are not used to giving presentations, you may feel nervous. There are a few things you can do to fight against this. The most important thing is to rehearse(演练) your presentation several times until you feel comfortable with it. 2.________ This will help you relax. Stand up straight and look your audience in the eye. Most of all, don’t try to be perfect. This is an impossible goal.
Even though you may be using a microphone, you still need to pay attention to your voice. 3.________ Pause often to give your audience time to absorb the information. Do not talk so quickly that no one can follow you.
Before you begin your presentation, remember to check the microphone, computer, and any other special tools you may be using. 4.________ Thus there will be no interruptions due to breakdowns(故障)．
Something that is often overlooked but that is very important for an effective presentation is the location setup. 5.________ The chairs should be comfortable, too.
A．Talk slowly and clearly.
B．First you should provide support for an idea.
C．Before you begin speaking, take a few deep breaths.
D．First ask yourself, “Why am I giving this presentation？”
E．Make sure everything is in working order before you start talking.
F．This is particularly important for numbers and other kinds of information.
G．Make sure that the seating is placed so that it allows everyone to see you and hear you.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种作报告的技巧。
1．D 解析：根据下文中的The point of your presentation may be to outline...it will be easier to organize your information.可知，做报告的原因可以有很多种，你在做报告之前要先明确自己为什么要做报告，然后才能有的放矢。下文是对D项的解释说明。
2．C 解析：根据上文中的If you are not used to giving presentations, you may feel nervous. There are a few things you can do to fight against this.及下文中的This will help you relax.可知，有几种方法可以帮你缓解做报告时的紧张情绪，比如在做报告之前深呼吸可以帮助你放轻松。C项与上文构成列举关系，且与下文构成递进关系。
3．A 解析：根据下文中的Pause often to give your audience time to absorb the information. Do not talk so quickly that no one can follow you.可知，做报告的时候要慢点说，并把话说清楚，语速不要过快，否则听众会跟不上你的思路。A项符合此处语境。
4．E 解析：根据上文中的Before you begin your presentation, remember to check the microphone, computer, and any other special tools you may be using.及下文中的Thus there will be no interruptions due to breakdowns(故障)．可知，在做报告之前要记得检查麦克风、电脑等各项设备，只有确保各项设备都良好运转，才能保证演讲不会因为设备故障而中断。E项符合此处语境。
5．G 解析：根据上文中的Something that is often overlooked but that is very important for an effective presentation is the location setup.可知，做报告之前经常容易被人遗忘的是座位的安排，你要确保座位的安排能保证每个人都能看见你和听见你的声音。G项与上文构成递进关系。
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
adaptation n．适应(性)；改编本
(教材P28)This play by George Bernard Shaw is an adaptation of a classic Greek story. 乔治·萧伯纳写的这部剧是根据一个经典的希腊故事改编的。
(1)make an adaptation to 适应……
(2)adapt vi. (使)适应；(使)适合
vt. 改编；修改
adapt (oneself) to... 使(自己)适应……
adapt sth. for... 把……改编成……
adapt sth. from... 由……改编……
①He’s working on a screen adaptation of his latest novel.
他在把自己的最新小说改编成电影。
②The author set out to adapt his play for a TV series.
作者着手把他的剧本改编成一部电视剧。
[能力提升]——一句多译
我们相信他能很快适应新环境。
①We believe that he can make__a__quick__adaptation__to__the__new__environment．(adaptation)
②We believe that he can adapt__to the new environment soon.(adapt)
hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇
(教材P29)A gentleman(G) passes and hesitates for a moment.
这时有位先生(先)路过，他迟疑了片刻。
(1)hesitate to do sth. 迟疑做某事；不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.
对(做)某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Don’t hesitate to ask me if you have any questions. 如果你有任何问题，随时问我。
②When I know he was in need of help, I gave him a hand without hesitation.
当我知道他需要帮助时，我毫不犹豫地给予了他帮助。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He hesitated(hesitate) for a moment before kicking the ball; otherwise he would have scored a goal.
②Please have no hesitation(hesitate) in writing to me if you want me to do something for you in China.
[能力提升]——一句多译
如果你有问题，一定要毫不犹豫地向我们求助。
③If you have questions, don’t__hesitate__to__ask us for help.
④If you have questions, do ask us for help without__hesitation．
classify vt.把……分类；把……归类
(教材P29)Simply phonetics studied and classified from people’s own speech.
语音学对人们说的话进行研究、分类，仅此而已。
(1)classify...into... 把……分成……
classify...as... 把……归类为……
(2)classified adj. 分类的
①The librarian is busy classifying those books into three parts. 图书管理员正忙着把那些书分成三部分。
②We audience all classify him as one of the greatest actors. 我们观众都把他看作是最了不起的演员之一。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
Children in schools are__classified(classify) into grades according to how much they know.
remark n．谈论；言论；评述
vt.&vi.谈论；评论；说起
(教材P29)You can place a man by just a few remarks.
你可以根据几句话就判定一个人来自何地。
(1)make a remark/remarks about/on/upon
就……作评论
make no remark 不加评论，什么也不说
(2)remark on/upon 对……作出评论
remark that... 评论……
(3)remarkable adj. 卓越的；非凡的
①I am cautious about what I say because careless remarks are likely to hurt others’ feeling. 我总是小心说话， 因为粗心的评论有可能伤害他人的感情。
②It’s bad manners to remark on their shortcomings in the absence of other people.
在别人不在的时候评论他们的缺点是不礼貌的。
[能力提升]——一句多译
对别人的相貌评头论足是没有礼貌的。
①It’s impolite to make__a__remark__on the appearance of others.(remark n．)
②It’s impolite to remark__on/upon the appearance of others.(remark v．)
betray vt.显露出(本来面目)；背叛；泄露(秘密)；出卖
(教材P29)But they betray themselves every time they open their mouths.
但是每次他们一张嘴就会暴露自己的身份。
betray...to... 将……出卖(泄露)给……
betray one’s trust 辜负某人的信任
betray oneself 暴露某人本来面目；原形毕露
①It would be unbelievable that such an honest fellow should have betrayed his friends.
这么诚实的人竟然出卖朋友，真令人难以置信。
②When I tell someone I will not betray his trust, I will keep my word.
如果我告诉某人我不会辜负他的信任，我就会恪守诺言。
[能力提升]——微写作
他伪装得很好，但一说话就露出了马脚。
He had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke__he__betrayed__himself．
condemn vt.谴责；使……注定；判刑，宣告……有罪
(教材P30)Look at this girl with her terrible English: the English that will condemn her to the gutter to the end of her days. 你瞧那个姑娘，英语说得那样糟糕，那一口英语使她注定要在贫民窟里待一辈子了。
condemn sb. for sth. 因某事而谴责某人
be condemned/sentenced to death
被判处死刑
condemn sb. to (do) sth. 使某人不得不(做)某事
①She knew that society would condemn her for abandoning her children.
她知道社会会因她遗弃孩子而谴责她。
②He was found guilty and condemned to death.
他被裁定有罪，判处了死刑。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①His occupation condemned him to__spend(spend) long periods of time away from his family.
②She knew that she will be condemned for leaving her children.
acquaintance n．相识；了解；熟人
(教材P30)And I came to England to make your acquaintance!
我也正是到英国来找你的！
(1)结识某人
have some acquaintance with 懂得一些……
(2)acquaint v． 使熟悉；使了解
be acquainted with 熟悉……；认识/了
解……
①Secondly, I can make the acquaintance of people who share the same interest through this activity.
其次，通过这次活动我可以结识志趣相同的人。
②I have some acquaintance with French, but I do not know it well.
我懂得一些法语，但不精通。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It is a good chance for you to make the acquaintance(acquaint) of new people.
②There are many ways through which we can be acquainted(acquaint) with the outside world.
fortune n．财产；机会；运气；大笔的钱
(教材P30)Well, I never. A whole pound! A fortune! That’ll help me, indeed it will.
啊，我还从来没有见过。整整一英镑啊！一大笔钱哪！这的确会帮到我，真的。
(1)seek/try one’s fortune 找出路；碰运气
make a fortune 发财
(2)fortunate(＝lucky) adj. 幸运的；侥幸的
be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事
(3)fortunately(＝luckily) adv. 幸运地
①In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year.
在中国，过新年的时候孩子们会得到一个里面装着钱的红包，这能带来好运。
②She was fortunate enough to find a job as soon as she graduated from the university.
她大学一毕业就找到了工作，真是幸运。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Unfortunately(fortune), he was caught in the traffic jam and late for the meeting.
②Many young people leave their hometown to seek their fortune(fortunate) in big cities.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)Now there are many young people in our society dreaming of making a lot of money without hard work.
(高级表达)Now there are many young people in our society dreaming of making__a__fortune without hard work.
generally speaking 一般来说
(教材P30)Generally speaking, people are more polite to those who they think are of a higher social class...
一般来说，人们对那些他们认为属于较高社会阶层的人更礼貌一些……
personally speaking 就个人而言
roughly speaking 粗略地说
exactly speaking 确切地说
strictly speaking 严格地说
frankly speaking 坦率地说
honestly speaking 老实说
①Generally speaking, those who pay attention to physical exercise are in good health.
一般来说，那些注意体育锻炼的人身体状况良好。
②Personally speaking, I have no objection to your plan.
就个人而言， 我不反对你的计划。
[能力提升]——微写作
①一般来说，电脑越贵，质量就越好。
Generally__speaking,__the more expensive a computer is, the better its quality will be.
②确切地说，我与他是在2008年开始合作的。
Exactly__speaking,__I began teaming up with him in 2008.
in terms of... 就……来说；从……角度
(教材P31)Correct all these sentences in terms of grammar, spelling, etc, so that she can use them properly.
从语法、拼写等方面改正这些句子，以便她能准确使用。
come to terms with 达成协议；和好；接受；适应
be on good/bad terms 关系良好/不好
in the long/short term/run 就长远/短期而言
①The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 就薪资而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但它也有一些不利之处。
②Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial in the long term/run.
学习并不总是那么简单，但从长远看它总是有益的。
③The country is very poor and it has to come to terms with the neighbouring countries.
这个国家很穷，它不得不与邻国和解。
[能力提升]——微写作
依我看，一个人的成功不能总是从钱的角度来衡量。
In my opinion, one’s success cannot always be__measured__in__terms__of__money．
“be of＋抽象名词”结构
(教材P29)Will that be of any use to you?
那对你有用吗？
be of use是“be of＋抽象名词”结构。“be＋of＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋该抽象名词的形容词”，主要用来表示主语的性质。这一结构中的抽象名词前可用great，little，no，some等修饰，此类抽象名词有importance，value，use，help等。
①What you are saying is of no interest to me.
你说的话让我提不起兴趣。
②His opinion is considered to be of great value.
大家认为他的观点很有价值。
[能力提升]——词汇升级
①(普通表达)As far as I’m concerned，sports and games are very important.
(高级表达)As far as I’m concerned，sports and games are__of__great__importance．
②(普通表达)As we all know, having a balanced diet is very beneficial to us.
(高级表达)As we all know, having a balanced diet is__of__great__benefit to us.
(教材P29)What if I was?
如果我是又怎么样呢？
What if...？常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“倘若……将会怎样？”“如果……将会怎样？”后面经常跟一般现在时，有时根据语境也可以跟虚拟语气。
相似句型：
How come...？ ……怎么搞的？
What for? 为什么？为何目的？
So what? 那又怎么样？
①What if he doesn’t agree with me?
要是他不同意我的看法怎么办？
②If she spent five years in Paris, how come her French is so bad?
既然她在巴黎待了五年，她的法语怎么还会这样糟糕？
[能力提升]——微写作
要是他不陪你去北京，你该怎么办呢？
What__if__he__doesn’t__accompany__you__to Beijing?
品句填词
1．The plot(阴谋) was discovered before it was carried out.
2．As the daughter of the president, she enjoys higher status/position(地位) than others.
3．The government has been accused of betraying(背叛) its election promises.
4．She seemed to have a(n) brilliant/bright(光辉灿烂的) career ahead of her.
5．As a librarian, it is my duty to classify(把……分类；把……归类) books according to different subjects every day.
6．We all wait for his ideas about the social problem but he makes no remark(评论) on it.
7．The media condemned(谴责) this big company for cheating customers by false advertisements.
8．Whatever the final outcome(结果) of the talks, the war should end soon.
9．Through these websites, students can read some classic(经典的) works of literature.
10．If you thought he should be impolite, you were mistaken(错误的)．
单句改错
1．She was condemned to leading a life of loneliness.leading→lead
2．A policeman told me that the shop had robbed last night.在had后加been
3．I made an apology that I had taken your umbrella by mistakes.mistakes→mistake
4．They didn’t draw a correct conclusion because they overlooked on a detail.去掉on
5．So what can the list tell us about how to make fortune in today’s Great Recession？在fortune前加a
完成句子
1．如果有其他我可以为你做的，请毫不犹豫地跟我联系。
If there is something else I can do for you, please don’t hesitate__to__contact__me．
2．在与布莱克先生闲聊时，我发现他非常善解人意。
While__chatting__with Mr Black, I found him very understanding.
3．据说这本参考书对高一的学生很有价值。
The reference book is said to__be__of__great__use to Senior One students.
4．约翰由于违反了交通法规而被判处三年监禁。
John was__condemned__to__three__years__in__prison for breaking the traffic law.
5．他们就自然与社会这两者之间的关系进行了激烈的讨论。
They had a heated discussion in__terms__of__the__relationship__between__nature__and__society．
6．我是在纽约初次结识史密斯教授的。
It was in New York that__I__first__made__the__acquaintance__of Professor Smith.
课文语法填空
My Fair Lady was the title of a successful musical and later a film 1.based(base) on George Bernard Shaw’s classical Pygmalion. In the musical, Professor Higgins takes 2.a bet from Colonel Pickering 3.that he can transfer an unrefined 4.dirty(dirt) flower girl Eliza Doolittle 5.into a lady, and fool everyone into 6.thinking(think) she really is. He does so, and thus young aristocrat Freddy Eynsford-Hill falls 7.madly(mad) in love with her.
When Higgins takes all the credit and forgets 8.to__acknowledge(acknowledge) her efforts, Eliza angrily leaves him for Freddy. Only then does Higgins realize he 9.has__been__accustomed(accustom) to her face and can’t live 10.without her.
单句语法填空
1．Parents may find that a(n) troublesome(trouble) teenager becomes unmanageable.
2．He pulled out a handful(hand) of coins from his pocket.
3．We spent a(n) uncomfortable(comfortable) night in a noisy hotel.
4．If you think you can carry on drinking so much without damaging your health, then you’re mistaken(mistake)．
5．These students will be trained to speak fluently and with unnecessary hesitation(hesitate)．
6．The magazines in the reading room are__classified(classify) according to publishing dates.
7．The machine made in our country, which is superior to the imported one in many aspects, is of great use.
8．The adaptation(adapt) of animals to cold environment is rather slow.
9．I was fortunate(fortune) enough to be chosen to attend the awarding ceremony.
10．The problem of the widening gap between the rich and the poor, if not properly handled(handle), can result in many serious social tensions.
阅读理解
Robert Burns was born at Alloway, near Ayrshire, on January 25，1759.Robert was educated briefly in Alloway before going to Ayrshire.However, while studying, his family was stricken by financial concerns and Burns was forced to work as a farm labourer. Burns had to work at a variety of labouring jobs, but, in his spare time, he began to write poetry and songs.
When his father died in 1784, he rented a farm near Mauchline with his brother Gilbert, but this was never a great financial success, and he thought about the idea of moving to Jamaica in the West Indies.However, in 1786, his first works were published under the title Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect.The critical reception and relative success of this publication encouraged Burns to remain in Scotland and he moved to Edinburgh where he became involved in the thriving cultural scene.He was also introduced into the Masons and became the poet laureate of the Edinburgh Freemasons.
His reputation led to an assignment to work on a collection of Scottish folk songs.Burns collected a rich diversity of Scottish folk songs, sometimes improving upon them and also including his own.These were published as The Scots Musical Museum in five volumes over a period of sixteen years.This compilation(选辑) included a reworking of Auld Lang Syne which later became a famous global song, usually sung on New Year’s Eve.
During his lifetime, he was well-known, but gained little financial benefits for his works.However, after his death, he became an icon of Scottish culture.He was also celebrated in Russia as a poet of the people.Burns Night is celebrated on January 25th with Burns suppers around the world, and is even more widely observed in Scotland than the official national day, St.Andrew’s Day.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了苏格兰诗人彭斯一生的重要事件。
1．What was the educational background of Burns?
A．He accomplished his entire education.
B．He taught himself since his childhood.
C．He was taught poetry writing since young.
D．He dropped out of school because of poverty.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的while studying, his family was stricken...was forced to work as a farm labourer可知，在彭斯读书期间，他的家庭面临经济问题，他被迫在农场干农活，故他因为贫穷而辍学。
2．What made Burns finally decide to stay in Scotland?
A．His father’s death.
B．His first works’ being approved of.
C．The cultural atmosphere in Edinburgh.
D．The great fame he gained in Edinburgh.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的The critical reception and relative success of this publication 可知，彭斯第一次发表作品获得了认可，取得了一定的成功，这让彭斯决定留在苏格兰。
3．How did Burns work on The Scots Musical Museum?
A．By collecting and bettering Scottish folk songs.
B．By creating and recording original music.
C．By classifying different kinds of songs.
D．By working with various songwriters.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Burns collected a rich diversity of Scottish folk songs, sometimes improving upon them and also including his own.可知，为了完成The Scots Musical Museum，彭斯搜集并改编苏格兰民谣。
4．What can we learn about Burns from the last paragraph?
A．He spent his last years in Russia.
B．He named January 25th Burns Night.
C．He made a great fortune from his works.
D．He gained a wide reputation after he passed away.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的However, after his death...in Russia as a poet of the people.以及around the world可知，彭斯去世后，他的名声远扬。
完形填空
One day during the summer vacation I was sitting with some friends having cups of tea and killing time. The college campus was very empty.
Suddenly a man looking very upset __1__ us saying that his four-year-old son had a(n) __2__ while playing in the university playground. The boy was rushed to a hospital nearby and was in __3__ condition. The hospital had __4__ them that they needed to get a few people to donate blood which they might be needing __5__. Nobody except me agreed to donate blood because only I knew that blood was our own __6__. If I donated some, it would get __7__ within a week or so.
When we reached the hospital, we got the __8__ that they had already transfused(输) some blood into the patient. The boy was still a little short on blood __9__ I would come the following day for donation. The patient’s family was __10__ that I mightn’t come the next day and they would lose a(n) __11__. But I assured(向……保证) them that I would come, and the patient’s father said that he would __12__ me at the same place the next morning. I __13__ there the next morning as I had __14__. After I donated blood, they thanked me __15__．
Half a year later, I graduated and started __16__ a job. I hoped to get a job in a foreign company where I could get a(n) __17__ pay. The problem was that many graduates wanted the job then. Anyhow, I wanted to have a __18__. The day for interview came and I was called in. __19__ who was sitting there; it was that young kid’s father who was the __20__ interviewer. Of course, I got the job and he really paid me back for my blood.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过讲述自己的献血经历，说明好人有好报。
1．A.urged B．ignored
C．recognized D．approached
D 解析：根据语境可知：一个看起来非常不安的人走近(approached)作者和他的朋友们。
2．A.result B．accident
C．trouble D．mistake
B 解析：那人说他四岁的儿子发生了一场事故(accident)。
3．A.fundamental B．normal
C．simple D．serious
D 解析：孩子被送进医院，情况很严重(serious)。
4．A.forced B．ordered
C．informed D．taught
C 解析：医院通知(informed)孩子的家人要找些人来献血。
5．A.apparently B．badly
C．generally D．completely
B 解析：他们可能会非常(badly)需要血。
6．A.product B．feature
C．energy D．organ
A 解析：作者知道血是人体自身的产物(product)。
7．A.prepared B．delivered
C．repeated D．refreshed
D 解析：献血后大约一周左右的时间人体会更新(refreshed)血液。
8．A.plan B．suggestion
C．news D．report
C 解析：作者和那个人到医院后得知孩子已经输过血的消息(news)。
9．A.because B．so
C．but D．though
B 解析：由于血浆仍然不够，所以(so)作者需要第二天来献血。
10．A.worried B．puzzled
C．excited D．amazed
A 解析：孩子的家人担心(worried)作者第二天不会再去。
11．A.stranger B．instructor
C．learner D．helper
D 解析：如果作者第二天不去，他们就失去了一个帮忙的人(helper)。
12．A.answer B．thank
C．meet D．trust
C 解析：孩子的父亲说他第二天在老地方接(meet)作者去医院献血。
13．A.traveled B．waited
C．lived D．left
B 解析：第二天早上作者在老地方等待(waited)。
14．A.admitted B．analyzed
C．promised D．questioned
C 解析：作者正如自己承诺(promised)的那样在老地方等待。
15．A.deliberately B．strictly
C．casually D．sincerely
D 解析：作者献了血，孩子的家人真诚地(sincerely)感谢作者。
16．A.looking for B．dealing with
C．quitting D．changing
A 解析：半年后作者大学毕业了，开始寻找(looking for)工作。
17．A.common B．ideal
C．low D．extra
B 解析：作者希望他能够获得一家外企公司的工作机会，这样便可拿到理想的(ideal)工资。
18．A.choice B．dream
C．try D．duty
C 解析：那时候很多毕业生都希望得到那份工作，但不管怎样作者想要尝试一下(have a try)。
19．A.Doubt B．Expect
C．Guess D．Describe
C 解析：由前后文以及选项可知，作者此处是让读者猜一猜(Guess)谁坐在那里当面试官。
20．A.leading B．surprising
C．similar D．strange
A 解析：主(leading)面试官正是那个他曾献血帮助的孩子的父亲。
短文改错
One day I waited for the bus at the stop for half an hour, but no bus comes. I couldn’t wait any longer and decided to walking to school. But no sooner had I left when the bus arrived. I thought if I had not waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minute. Only then did I realised the importance of patience. Being impatient will waste all the efforts what have been made. Patience also plays important part in their study and work. With itself we can achieve greater success.
答案：
One day I waited for the bus at the stop for half an hour, but no bus . I couldn’t wait any longer and decided to to school. But no sooner had I left the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 . Only then did I the importance of patience. Being impatient will waste all the efforts have been made. Patience also plays important part in study and work. With we can achieve greater success.
课件35张PPT。Unit 4 Pygmalionmake a quick adaptation to theadapt tonew environmenthesitatedhesitationdon’t hesitate to askwithout hesitationare classifiedmake a remark onremark on/uponhe betrayedhimselfto spendforacquaintanceacquaintedUnfortunatelyfortunemaking a fortuneGenerally speakingExactly speakingbe measured interms of moneyare of great importanceis of greatbenefitWhat if he doesn’t accompany you to本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．The plot(阴谋) was discovered before it was carried out.
2．As the daughter of the president, she enjoys higher status/position(地位) than others.
3．The government has been accused of betraying(背叛) its election promises.
4．She seemed to have a(n) brilliant/bright(光辉灿烂的) career ahead of her.
5．As a librarian, it is my duty to classify(把……分类；把……归类) books according to different subjects every day.
6．We all wait for his ideas about the social problem but he makes no remark(评论) on it.
7．The media condemned(谴责) this big company for cheating customers by false advertisements.
8．Whatever the final outcome(结果) of the talks, the war should end soon.
9．Through these websites, students can read some classic(经典的) works of literature.
10．If you thought he should be impolite, you were mistaken(错误的)．
单句改错
1．She was condemned to leading a life of loneliness.leading→lead
2．A policeman told me that the shop had robbed last night.在had后加been
3．I made an apology that I had taken your umbrella by mistakes.mistakes→mistake
4．They didn’t draw a correct conclusion because they overlooked on a detail.去掉on
5．So what can the list tell us about how to make fortune in today’s Great Recession？在fortune前加a
完成句子
1．如果有其他我可以为你做的，请毫不犹豫地跟我联系。
If there is something else I can do for you, please don’t hesitate__to__contact__me．
2．在与布莱克先生闲聊时，我发现他非常善解人意。
While__chatting__with Mr Black, I found him very understanding.
3．据说这本参考书对高一的学生很有价值。
The reference book is said to__be__of__great__use to Senior One students.
4．约翰由于违反了交通法规而被判处三年监禁。
John was__condemned__to__three__years__in__prison for breaking the traffic law.
5．他们就自然与社会这两者之间的关系进行了激烈的讨论。
They had a heated discussion in__terms__of__the__relationship__between__nature__and__society．
6．我是在纽约初次结识史密斯教授的。
It was in New York that__I__first__made__the__acquaintance__of Professor Smith.
课文语法填空
My Fair Lady was the title of a successful musical and later a film 1.based(base) on George Bernard Shaw’s classical Pygmalion. In the musical, Professor Higgins takes 2.a bet from Colonel Pickering 3.that he can transfer an unrefined 4.dirty(dirt) flower girl Eliza Doolittle 5.into a lady, and fool everyone into 6.thinking(think) she really is. He does so, and thus young aristocrat Freddy Eynsford-Hill falls 7.madly(mad) in love with her.
When Higgins takes all the credit and forgets 8.to__acknowledge(acknowledge) her efforts, Eliza angrily leaves him for Freddy. Only then does Higgins realize he 9.has__been__accustomed(accustom) to her face and can’t live 10.without her.
单句语法填空
1．Parents may find that a(n) troublesome(trouble) teenager becomes unmanageable.
2．He pulled out a handful(hand) of coins from his pocket.
3．We spent a(n) uncomfortable(comfortable) night in a noisy hotel.
4．If you think you can carry on drinking so much without damaging your health, then you’re mistaken(mistake)．
5．These students will be trained to speak fluently and with unnecessary hesitation(hesitate)．
6．The magazines in the reading room are__classified(classify) according to publishing dates.
7．The machine made in our country, which is superior to the imported one in many aspects, is of great use.
8．The adaptation(adapt) of animals to cold environment is rather slow.
9．I was fortunate(fortune) enough to be chosen to attend the awarding ceremony.
10．The problem of the widening gap between the rich and the poor, if not properly handled(handle), can result in many serious social tensions.
阅读理解
Robert Burns was born at Alloway, near Ayrshire, on January 25，1759.Robert was educated briefly in Alloway before going to Ayrshire.However, while studying, his family was stricken by financial concerns and Burns was forced to work as a farm labourer. Burns had to work at a variety of labouring jobs, but, in his spare time, he began to write poetry and songs.
When his father died in 1784, he rented a farm near Mauchline with his brother Gilbert, but this was never a great financial success, and he thought about the idea of moving to Jamaica in the West Indies.However, in 1786, his first works were published under the title Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect.The critical reception and relative success of this publication encouraged Burns to remain in Scotland and he moved to Edinburgh where he became involved in the thriving cultural scene.He was also introduced into the Masons and became the poet laureate of the Edinburgh Freemasons.
His reputation led to an assignment to work on a collection of Scottish folk songs.Burns collected a rich diversity of Scottish folk songs, sometimes improving upon them and also including his own.These were published as The Scots Musical Museum in five volumes over a period of sixteen years.This compilation(选辑) included a reworking of Auld Lang Syne which later became a famous global song, usually sung on New Year’s Eve.
During his lifetime, he was well-known, but gained little financial benefits for his works.However, after his death, he became an icon of Scottish culture.He was also celebrated in Russia as a poet of the people.Burns Night is celebrated on January 25th with Burns suppers around the world, and is even more widely observed in Scotland than the official national day, St.Andrew’s Day.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了苏格兰诗人彭斯一生的重要事件。
1．What was the educational background of Burns?
A．He accomplished his entire education.
B．He taught himself since his childhood.
C．He was taught poetry writing since young.
D．He dropped out of school because of poverty.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的while studying, his family was stricken...was forced to work as a farm labourer可知，在彭斯读书期间，他的家庭面临经济问题，他被迫在农场干农活，故他因为贫穷而辍学。
2．What made Burns finally decide to stay in Scotland?
A．His father’s death.
B．His first works’ being approved of.
C．The cultural atmosphere in Edinburgh.
D．The great fame he gained in Edinburgh.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的The critical reception and relative success of this publication 可知，彭斯第一次发表作品获得了认可，取得了一定的成功，这让彭斯决定留在苏格兰。
3．How did Burns work on The Scots Musical Museum?
A．By collecting and bettering Scottish folk songs.
B．By creating and recording original music.
C．By classifying different kinds of songs.
D．By working with various songwriters.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Burns collected a rich diversity of Scottish folk songs, sometimes improving upon them and also including his own.可知，为了完成The Scots Musical Museum，彭斯搜集并改编苏格兰民谣。
4．What can we learn about Burns from the last paragraph?
A．He spent his last years in Russia.
B．He named January 25th Burns Night.
C．He made a great fortune from his works.
D．He gained a wide reputation after he passed away.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的However, after his death...in Russia as a poet of the people.以及around the world可知，彭斯去世后，他的名声远扬。
完形填空
One day during the summer vacation I was sitting with some friends having cups of tea and killing time. The college campus was very empty.
Suddenly a man looking very upset __1__ us saying that his four-year-old son had a(n) __2__ while playing in the university playground. The boy was rushed to a hospital nearby and was in __3__ condition. The hospital had __4__ them that they needed to get a few people to donate blood which they might be needing __5__. Nobody except me agreed to donate blood because only I knew that blood was our own __6__. If I donated some, it would get __7__ within a week or so.
When we reached the hospital, we got the __8__ that they had already transfused(输) some blood into the patient. The boy was still a little short on blood __9__ I would come the following day for donation. The patient’s family was __10__ that I mightn’t come the next day and they would lose a(n) __11__. But I assured(向……保证) them that I would come, and the patient’s father said that he would __12__ me at the same place the next morning. I __13__ there the next morning as I had __14__. After I donated blood, they thanked me __15__．
Half a year later, I graduated and started __16__ a job. I hoped to get a job in a foreign company where I could get a(n) __17__ pay. The problem was that many graduates wanted the job then. Anyhow, I wanted to have a __18__. The day for interview came and I was called in. __19__ who was sitting there; it was that young kid’s father who was the __20__ interviewer. Of course, I got the job and he really paid me back for my blood.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过讲述自己的献血经历，说明好人有好报。
1．A.urged B．ignored
C．recognized D．approached
D 解析：根据语境可知：一个看起来非常不安的人走近(approached)作者和他的朋友们。
2．A.result B．accident
C．trouble D．mistake
B 解析：那人说他四岁的儿子发生了一场事故(accident)。
3．A.fundamental B．normal
C．simple D．serious
D 解析：孩子被送进医院，情况很严重(serious)。
4．A.forced B．ordered
C．informed D．taught
C 解析：医院通知(informed)孩子的家人要找些人来献血。
5．A.apparently B．badly
C．generally D．completely
B 解析：他们可能会非常(badly)需要血。
6．A.product B．feature
C．energy D．organ
A 解析：作者知道血是人体自身的产物(product)。
7．A.prepared B．delivered
C．repeated D．refreshed
D 解析：献血后大约一周左右的时间人体会更新(refreshed)血液。
8．A.plan B．suggestion
C．news D．report
C 解析：作者和那个人到医院后得知孩子已经输过血的消息(news)。
9．A.because B．so
C．but D．though
B 解析：由于血浆仍然不够，所以(so)作者需要第二天来献血。
10．A.worried B．puzzled
C．excited D．amazed
A 解析：孩子的家人担心(worried)作者第二天不会再去。
11．A.stranger B．instructor
C．learner D．helper
D 解析：如果作者第二天不去，他们就失去了一个帮忙的人(helper)。
12．A.answer B．thank
C．meet D．trust
C 解析：孩子的父亲说他第二天在老地方接(meet)作者去医院献血。
13．A.traveled B．waited
C．lived D．left
B 解析：第二天早上作者在老地方等待(waited)。
14．A.admitted B．analyzed
C．promised D．questioned
C 解析：作者正如自己承诺(promised)的那样在老地方等待。
15．A.deliberately B．strictly
C．casually D．sincerely
D 解析：作者献了血，孩子的家人真诚地(sincerely)感谢作者。
16．A.looking for B．dealing with
C．quitting D．changing
A 解析：半年后作者大学毕业了，开始寻找(looking for)工作。
17．A.common B．ideal
C．low D．extra
B 解析：作者希望他能够获得一家外企公司的工作机会，这样便可拿到理想的(ideal)工资。
18．A.choice B．dream
C．try D．duty
C 解析：那时候很多毕业生都希望得到那份工作，但不管怎样作者想要尝试一下(have a try)。
19．A.Doubt B．Expect
C．Guess D．Describe
C 解析：由前后文以及选项可知，作者此处是让读者猜一猜(Guess)谁坐在那里当面试官。
20．A.leading B．surprising
C．similar D．strange
A 解析：主(leading)面试官正是那个他曾献血帮助的孩子的父亲。
短文改错
One day I waited for the bus at the stop for half an hour, but no bus comes. I couldn’t wait any longer and decided to walking to school. But no sooner had I left when the bus arrived. I thought if I had not waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minute. Only then did I realised the importance of patience. Being impatient will waste all the efforts what have been made. Patience also plays important part in their study and work. With itself we can achieve greater success.
答案：
One day I waited for the bus at the stop for half an hour, but no bus . I couldn’t wait any longer and decided to to school. But no sooner had I left the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 . Only then did I the importance of patience. Being impatient will waste all the efforts have been made. Patience also plays important part in study and work. With we can achieve greater success.
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.shabby adj. 破旧的；寒酸的
2.compromise n．& vi. 妥协；折衷
3.sob vi. 啜泣；抽噎
n. 啜泣(声)；抽噎(声)
4.disgusting adj. 使人反感的；令人厌恶的
5.overlook vt. 俯视；忽视；不理会
6.fade vi.& vt. (使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失
7.referee n. 裁判员；仲裁者
拓展词汇
8.rob vt.抢劫；盗窃；剥夺→robber n．盗贼；强盗→robbery n．抢劫；盗窃；剥夺
9.musical adj.音乐的；喜爱音乐的 n．音乐喜剧→music n．音乐
10.horrible adj.可怕的；恐怖的→horror n．恐怖；恐惧
11.effective adj.有效的→effect n．效果；影响
12.disapprove vt.&vi.不赞成；反对；认为不好→disapproving adj.不赞成的→disapproval n．反对，不赞成→approve vt.& vi.赞成；同意；批准
重点单词
阅读词汇
13.antique adj. 古时的；(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的
n. 文物；古董；古玩
14.stocking n. 长袜
15.cookie n. 饼干
16.disk n. 磁盘
17.nail n. 指甲；钉子
18.laundry n. 洗衣店；洗衣房；(待洗的或洗好的)衣服
19.waist n. 腰；腰部；腰围
20.vest n. 背心；内衣
21.alphabet n. 字母表
22.bathtub n. 浴缸；澡盆__
重点短语
1.show...in 带或领……进来
2.the__other__day 几天前
3.take__away 把……带走；消除
4.once__more 再一次
5.in__need__of 需要……
6.fade__out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡
重点句型
1.whenever引导让步状语从句：Generally speaking, he thought that lower class people betrayed themselves with their remarks whenever__they__spoke(无论他们什么时候说话)．..
2.形容词(短语)作伴随状语：Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep__in__conversation(深入交谈).
3.if引导的虚拟语气：I’d never have come if__I’d__known(如果我早知道) about this disgusting thing you want me to do...
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．This text is mainly about Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering ________ about teaching Eliza.
A．making a conversation B．quarrelling
C．making a bet D．fighting
2．Eliza came to visit Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering in order to let them ________．
A．give her some money
B．give her a job as a flower shop’s assistant
C．teach her to speak well
D．have a bath
3．From Act Two, what can you infer?
A．In order to prove himself, Higgins decided to teach Eliza free of charge.
B．Eliza had to change her grammar as well as pronunciation if she wanted to speak well.
C．Eliza promised to pay Higgins more than one shilling if he taught her.
D．Based on what the two men said, the best way to teach Eliza is to begin with the grammar.
4．Eliza refused to have a bath, and from what she said, we can infer that she lived a ________ life.
A．miserable B．happy
C．good D．dirty
答案：1－4.CCBA
①bet n．打赌
make a bet打赌
②deep in专心于，沉湎于，全神贯注于
③fancy oneself自负，自命不凡
④distinct adj.明显不同的
⑤vowel['va??l]n.元音；元音字母
⑥distinguish v．区分，辨别
distinguished adj.著名的，杰出的
⑦cookie['k?kI]n.饼干
⑧teapot['ti?p?t]n.茶壶
⑨cream[kri?m]n.奶油；面霜
⑩nail[neIl]n.指甲；钉子
?accent n．口音，腔调
?show...in带或领……进来
?resigned[rI'zaInd]adj.无奈的，顺从的，屈从的
?record n．唱片，记录；纪录v.记录
keep a record of记录……
break the record破纪录
?wax[w?ks]n.蜡；蜜蜡
vt.上蜡
?disk[dIsk]n.磁盘
?shabby['??bI]adj.破旧的；寒酸的
?curtsy['k??tsI]vi.(also
curtsey)行屈膝礼n.(女子行的)屈膝礼
?the other day那天，几天前(常用在一般过去时的句子中)
?take away把……带走；消除
ask (sb.) for favours(向某人)寻求帮助
treat sb.like dirt把某人当下流人对待；视某人如草芥
treat sb. as...把某人看作……
yer书写时用，表示口语的you或your。
shilling['?IlI?]n.先令(1971年以前的英国货币单位，旧币的12便士)
have the face to do sth.恬不知耻做某事，居然有脸干某事
more than多于，超过(＋num.)；非常(＋adj./adv.)
alive adj.活着，在世；有活力，有生气
该词是表语形容词，作后置定语，不可作前置定语。
类似的表语形容词：asleep, alike, afraid, alone, awake。
referee[?ref?'ri?]n.裁判员；仲裁者
deliciously adv.令人愉快地，令人开心地；可口地；芬芳地
compromise['k?mpr?maIz]n.& vi.妥协；折中
make a compromise作出让步
need to be cleaned＝need cleaning需要清洗
horrible['h?r?bl]adj.可怕的；恐怖的
horrify v．恐吓
horror n．恐惧；恐怖性
laundry['l??ndrI]n.洗衣店；洗衣房；(待洗的或洗好的)衣服
bathtub['bɑ?θt?b]n.浴缸；澡盆
otherwise adv.另外；除此之外
sob[s?b]vi.啜泣；抽噎
n．啜泣(声)；抽噎(声)
dursn’t＝daren’t不敢
waist[weIst]n.腰；腰部；腰围
vest[vest]n.背心；内衣
disgusting[dIs'ɡ?stI?]adj.使人反感的；令人厌恶的
once more再一次
in need of需要……
heartily['hɑ?tIlI]adv.尽情地；热心地；痛快地
overlook[???v?'l?k]vt.俯视；忽视；不理会
practical adj.实际的，切实可行的
alphabet['?lf?bet]n.字母表
effective[I'fektIv]adj.有效的
fade[feId]vi.&vt.(使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失
fade out(声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡
【核心素养链接】
英国素以严格的社会阶级体系而闻名。至少从20世纪初开始，一些作家开始预言英国社会等级制度的消亡。尽管如此，当今社会仍存在着明显的阶级分化，不同阶级享有不同程度的社会、文化和经济资本，久而久之社会阶层之间的分野不断固化，变成了一个典型的阶级社会。英国广播公司进行的“英国大型阶级调查”(The Great British Class Survey)显示，当前英国社会已不能按照上、中、下分类法笼统地划分成传统概念上的有产、中产和劳工阶级，而应该由七大社会阶级组成。处于最顶端的为精英阶级；第二为世家中产阶级，是英国最大的阶级，占总人口的25%；第三为技术型中产阶级；第四为新型富有工作者；第五为传统型劳动阶级，这一阶级平均年龄最大；第六为新型服务业工作者；最底层为缺乏保障的不稳定型无产者，占英国社会总人口的15%。
Act Two, Scene 1
MAKING THE BET①
It is 11 am in Henry Higgins’ house the next day.Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in② conversation．
◆deep in conversation在此为形容词短语作状语。
H：Do you want to hear any more sounds?
CP：No，thank you. I rather fancied myself③ because I can pronounce twenty-four distinct④ vowel⑤ sounds; but your one hundred and thirty beat me. I can’t distinguish⑥ most of them.
H：(laughing)Well, that comes with practice.
There is a knock and Mrs Pearce(MP)，the housekeeper, comes in with cookies， a teapot⑧，some cream⑨ and two cups.
MP：(hesitating)A young girl is asking to see you.
H：A young girl! What does she want?
MP：Well, she’s quite a common kind of girl with dirty nails⑩. I thought perhaps you wanted her to talk into your machines.
H：Why？Has she got an interesting accent?？ We’ll see.Show her in? , Mrs Pearce.
MP：(only half resigned? to it)Very well，sir. (goes downstairs)
H：This is a bit of luck. I’ll show you how I make records? on wax? disks?...
MP：(returning)This is the young girl, sir. (Eliza comes into the room shyly following Mrs Pearce. She is dirty and wearing a shabby? dress. She curtsies? to the two men.)
◆现在分词短语following Mrs Pearce在此作伴随状语。
H：(disappointed)Why! I’ve got this girl in my records. She’s the one we saw the other day?. She’s no use at all.Take her away?.
◆the one 后为省略了关系代词的定语从句。
CP：(gently to Eliza)What do you want, young lady?
E：(upset)I wanna be a lady in a flower shop ’stead o’selling flowers in the street.But they won’t take me’less I speak better.So here I am, ready to pay him.I’m not asking for any favours—and he treats me like dirt.
H：How much?
E：(happier)Now yer talking.A lady friend of mine gets French lessons for two shillings an hour from a real Frenchman.You wouldn’t have the face to ask me for the same for teaching me as yer would for French. So I won’t give yer more than a shilling.
H：(ignoring Eliza and speaking to Pickering) If you think of how much money this girl has—why, it’s the best offer I’ve had! (to Eliza)But if I teach you, I’ll be worse than a father.
◆I’ve had为省略了关系代词that的定语从句，因为先行词offer前有最高级best修饰，故关系词用that 而不用which。
CP：I say，Higgins.Do you remember what you said last night? I’ll say you’re the greatest teacher alive if you can pass her off as a lady.I’ll be the referee for this little bet and pay for the lessons too...
E：(gratefully)Oh, yer real good, yer are.Thank you, Colonel.
H：Oh，she is so deliciously low. (compromises) OK，I’ll teach you.(to Mrs Pearce)But she’ll need to be cleaned first.Take her away, Mrs Pearce.Wash her and burn her horrible clothes.We’ll buy her new ones.What’s your name, girl?
E：I’m Eliza Doolittle and I’m clean.My clothes went to the laundry when I washed last week.
MP：Well, Mr Higgins has a bathtub of his own and he has a bath every morning. If these two gentlemen teach you, you’ll have to do the same. They won’t like the smell of you otherwise.
E：(sobbing)I can’t. I dursn’t. It ain’t natural and it’d kill me. I’ve never had a bath in my life; not over my whole body, neither below my waist nor taking my vest off.I’d never have come if I’d known about this disgusting thing you want me to do...
◆if引导与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。表示与过去事实相反的假设时，if条件句用过去完成时，主句用would/could/should/might＋have done结构。
H：Once more, take her away, Mrs Pearce, immediately. (Outside Eliza is still weeping with Mrs Pearce)You see the problem, Pickering. It’ll be how to teach her grammar, not just pronunciation. She’s in need of both.
◆how to teach her grammar为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构。
CP：And there’s another problem, Higgins. What are we going to do once the experiment is over?
H：(heartily)Throw her back.
CP：But you cannot overlook that！She’ll be changed and she has feelings too. We must be practical, mustn’t we?
H：Well, we’ll deal with that later. First, we must plan the best way to teach her.
CP：How about beginning with the alphabet. That’s usually considered very effective...(fades out as they go off stage together)
第二幕，第一场
打赌
第二天上午11点，在亨利·希金斯家。亨利·希金斯同皮克林上校正坐着深切地交谈。
希：你还想听更多的发音吗？
皮：不听了，谢谢。我本来自以为挺了不起的，因为我能清楚地发出24个元音来。你却发出了130个元音来打败了我，其中大多数我都分辨不清。
希：(笑起来)哦，那都是练习的结果。
敲门声响起，女管家皮尔斯夫人(管)带着饼干、茶壶、一些奶油和两个茶杯进来了。
管：(犹豫着)一个年轻姑娘求见您。
希：年轻姑娘！她想要什么？
管：哦，相当普通的一个年轻姑娘，手指甲脏兮兮的。我本来还以为可能是您要她来对着机器讲话的呢。
希：哎呀，她的口音很有趣吗？咱们来看看吧。皮尔斯夫人，带她进来。
管：(有点儿无奈)好吧，先生。(向楼下走去)
希：你还真是有点儿运气，我让你看看我是怎样在蜡盘上录音的……
管：(返回)先生，这就是那个年轻姑娘。(伊莱扎跟在皮尔斯夫人后面，羞怯地走进房间。她脏兮兮的，还穿着破旧的连衣裙，进来就朝两位先生行屈膝礼)
希：(失望)哟！我已经给她做过记录了。她就是那天我们见过的那个，根本就没有用，带她走吧！
皮：(温和地对伊莱扎说)年轻姑娘，你想要什么？
伊：(不安地)我想在花店里当卖花姑娘，不想在街上卖花了。但是他们不会要我，除非我讲话讲得好些，所以我来了，准备付给他钱。我不是求他帮忙，可他把我当下贱人看待。
希：你给多少钱？
伊：(比较高兴)啊，你发话了。我的一位女性朋友跟一个真正的法国人学法语，每小时两先令。你总不会有脸要我付跟学法语同样多的钱吧。所以我最多给你一先令。
希：(不理睬伊莱扎，而跟皮克林说)要是你想到这个姑娘身上能有多少钱，那么，那就是我能得到的最高报价了！(对伊莱扎说)不过，要是我来教你，我会比一个父亲还要严格。
皮：我说，希金斯。你还记得昨天晚上你说过的话吗？如果你能使她冒充一位淑女，那么我敢说你是在世的最伟大的教师。我会为这个小赌当裁判，而且课时费也由我来付……
伊：(感激地)啊，你真好，真好。谢谢你，上校。
希：哦，她真是粗俗得可爱。(提出折中办法)好吧，我教你。(对皮尔斯夫人说)不过，她得先把自己洗干净了。把她带下去，皮尔斯夫人。给她冲洗一下，把那身可怕的衣服全都烧掉。我们给她买新的。姑娘，你叫什么名字？
伊：我叫伊莱扎·杜利特尔。我是干净的，上个礼拜洗澡时，我把衣服送到洗衣店去洗了。
管：哦，希金斯先生有自己的浴缸，他每天早晨都要洗澡。如果你要这两位先生教你，你就得照着办。另外，他们不想闻到你身上的那股气味。
伊：(哭泣)我不能，我不敢。这太别扭了，会要我的命的。我这一生从来没有(在浴缸里)洗过澡，特别是全身浸泡，我没有浸泡过腰以下的地方，也没有脱过背心。要是我知道你们要我做这种糟糕的事，我是绝不会来的……
希：我再说一遍，把她带走，皮尔斯夫人，立刻带走。(伊莱扎跟皮尔斯夫人出去了，还在哭泣)皮克林，你看到麻烦了吧。不仅仅是发音问题，还得教她语法呢。这两个方面她都需要。
皮：希金斯，还有另一个问题。一旦实验完成了，我们准备做什么呢？
希：(兴奋地)把她扔回去。
皮：但你可不能小看这个问题！她是会变的，也有感情。我们必须实际一些，难道不是吗？
希：噢，这个以后再谈吧。首先我们必须制订一个最好的计划去教她。
皮：先从字母教起怎么样？那通常被认为是很有效的……(两人一起朝台下走去，声音逐渐减弱)
rob vt.抢劫；盗窃；剥夺
(经典例句)They knocked the driver down and robbed him of his car.
他们把司机打倒在地，抢走了他的车。
(1)rob sb. of sth. 抢夺某人某物
steal sth.from... 从……偷某物
(2)robber n. 强盗
robbery n. 抢劫；掠夺
①Her illness robbed her of the chance to play for her school.
疾病使她失去了代表学校参加比赛的机会。
②The man stole a car from the parking lot.
那个人从停车场偷走了一辆汽车。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Jane was__robbed of her diamond ring the other day and the robber was caught by the police very soon.(rob)
②The lady was__robbed(rob) of her money on her way home yesterday evening.
show...in 带或领……进来
(经典例句)You’d better show the old man in.
你最好把那位老人领进来。
show...out 带或领……出去
show sb.around/round 领某人参观……
show off 炫耀；展示
show/turn up 出现；来到……
show sb.to... 带领某人到……
He promised to attend the meeting, but he hasn’t showed up yet.
他答应出席会议，但是他还没有出现。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Mr Green is on his way here.Please show him in as soon as he arrives.
②Mike has only driven to the pub to show off his new car—he usually walks.
compromise n．& vi.妥协；折衷
(经典例句)In order to live harmoniously, sometimes you need to make a compromise.
为了和谐地生活，有时你需要做出让步。
(1)reach/come to a compromise 和解；达成妥协
make a compromise with 与……妥协
by compromise 折衷
(2)compromise with sb. 与某人和解
compromise on sth. 就某事折衷
①It is really important for parents to reach a compromise between what they want and what their kids desire.
对于父母来说，在他们自己想要的和孩子们想要的之间达成一种妥协真的很重要。
②Sometimes, it’s necessary to compromise with your friends when you want to keep the friendship.
有时，当你想保持友谊时，和你的朋友和解是必要的。
[能力提升]——微写作
在现实生活中，妥协并乐意接受劝告并没有什么不好。
In real life, it’s nothing harmful to make__a__compromise and readily accept others’ opinions.
in need of... 需要……
(经典例句)We should lend them a hand when friends are in need of help. 当朋友需要帮助时，我们应该帮助他们。
in need 处于需要之中；在贫困中；在危难中
There is (no) need for... (不)需要……
There is (no) need to do... (不)需要做……
①He is homeless and in desperate need of help.
他无家可归，迫切需要帮助。
②There’s no need for you to come if you don’t want to.
如果你不想来，就不必来了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/in need of 与 in need 对比填空
①There is no need for you to__feel(feel) sorry for him.
②I felt lonely and was in__need__of company.
③We are collecting money for families in__need．
fade vi.& vt.(使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失；凋落
(经典例句)His smile faded out when he learned his valuable paintings got stolen.
当他得知自己宝贵的油画被偷时，他的笑容消失了。
fade away 逐渐消失；(记忆力)逐渐衰退
fade in (声音)渐强；(画面)渐渐显现
fade out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡
①Flowers soon faded after they had been cut.
花剪下后很快就会枯萎。
②The colour in this silk material will not fade.
这种绸布料子不会褪色。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①As the programme ended, their talks faded out and the crowd faded away．
②My memory of the happy days we spent together will never fade out as time goes by.
形容词(短语)作伴随状语
(教材P34)Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering are sitting deep in conversation.
亨利·希金斯同皮克林上校正坐着深切地交谈。
句中形容词短语deep in conversation作状语；形容词(短语)作状语在句中可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。
①For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened.
她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。
②Deep in thought, he didn’t notice the car running towards him.
由于陷入深思中，他没有注意到车正朝他驶来。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Angry(anger) at the girl oversleeping, Mr Green went down to wake her up.
②Absorbed(absorb) in the game, he didn’t notice me enter the room.
③After a long walk，they went home，tired(tire) and hungry.
if引导的虚拟语气
(教材P35)I’d never have come if I’d known about this disgusting thing you want me to do...
要是我知道你们要我做这种糟糕的事，我是绝不会来的……
if条件句
主句
与现在事实相反
if＋主语＋动词过去式(be动词常用were)
主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形
与将来事实相反
(1)if＋主语＋动词过去式
(2)if＋主语＋were to＋动词原形
(3)if＋主语＋should＋动词原形
主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反
if＋主语＋had done
主语＋should/would/could/might＋have done
①If they had taken everything into account, they would not have made such a mistake.
如果他们把一切都考虑在内，就不会犯这样的错误了。
②If you had dressed neatly yesterday, you would have got the job.
如果昨天你穿得整洁些，你就会得到这份工作了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Should it rain tomorrow，we would cancel the football match.
②I would certainly go if I had(have) time.
品句填词
1．As far as I am concerned, the new products are superior(高级的) to the old ones.
2．After a heated discussion, the two sides reached a compromise(和解) in court eventually.
3．In fact, overlooking(忽视) the detailed information may place us in a dilemma.
4．The scene of the murder was so horrible(恐怖的) that the waitress couldn’t help bursting out crying.
5．I saw an old woman in shabby(破旧的) clothes asking passers-by for money when I went past a coffee shop.
6．When he saw the injured woman in the accident, he came up to her without hesitation(犹豫)．
7．The curtains I bought many years ago in the supermarket have faded(褪色) in the sun.
8．Lots of musical(音乐的) instruments can be found in the shop.
9．His servile expression of praise for his employer was disgusting(使人反感的) to me.
10．It’s cold and windy today. You’d better put on your woolen(羊毛的) scarf when you go out.
选词填空
in need of; make the acquaintance of; in terms of; pass oneself off as; show...in; once more; generally speaking; fade out
1．Two years ago, the man passed__himself__off__as a doctor to sell illegal drugs to the old people.
2．Generally__speaking,__doing regular exercise in a proper way contributes to good health.
3．When we moved to Shanghai, my parents made__the__acquaintance__of a musician, who had a great influence on me later.
4．Although she is young, she is much more experienced than others in__terms__of working ability.
5．It’s so cold outside and you’d better show the old man in．
6．The teacher asked the students to read the article once__more to get a better understanding of it.
7．Judging from his worried look, the man was in__need__of help from the passers-by.
8．The sound of the little boy’s crying faded__out gradually in the distance.
完成句子
1．长期谈判之后，双方达成了妥协。
After a long talk, the two sides reached/came__to__a__compromise．
2．记住，在你们两个都有困难的时候，是我借钱给你们的。
Remember that when both__of__you__were__in__need,__I was the one who loaned you money.
3．又饿又累，我只好停下来休息。
Hungry__and__tired,__I had to stop to have a rest.
4．如果当时我接受了你的邀请，我就可以在你的婚礼上见到你的弟弟了。
If__I__had__accepted__your__invitation,__I__would__have__met your little brother at your wedding ceremony.
5．努力学习是改变命运最好的方法，特别是对于贫困地区的孩子来说。
Studying__hard__is__the__best__way__to__change__one’s__fate,__especially for children in the poor areas.
课文语法填空
Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering were sitting deep 1.in conversation. There was a knock on the door and Mrs Pearce, the housekeeper, came in with cookies, a teapot, some cream and two cups, 2.saying(say) a young girl, 3.who was quite a common kind of girl with dirty nails, wanted to see Henry Higgins. The girl said she didn’t want to sell 4.flowers(flower) in the street, so she wanted to speak perfect English. She wanted 5.to__be__taught(teach) by Henry Higgins. However, she said she 6.was__treated(treat) like dirt. A lady friend of hers got French lessons for two shillings an hour from a real Frenchman. She hoped to pay at most a shilling. Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering made a bet about teaching Eliza. Mr Higgins had a bathtub of his own and he had a bath every morning. Then Henry Higgins 7.asked(ask) his maid to take the girl to have a bath, but the girl thought 8.it a shame to take a bath in the bathtub and wouldn’t do like that, for she had never had a bath in her life. Then Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering set about 9.talking(talk) about the best way to teach her. They intended beginning with the alphabet and they thought that would be very 10.effective(effect). Colonel Pickering was confident that the girl would be changed and she had feelings too.
单句语法填空
1．In the painting, a young man sits alone, deep in thought.
2．Having been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
3．After a day’s hard work, Mary went to the nearby shop to treat herself as a piece of cake.
4．The new drug has great significance for the treatment(treat) of the disease.
5．Playing with their peers(同龄人), children learn to compromise with each other and not to do exactly what they want to do.
6．You know, he is one of the most famous basketball referees(referee) in the world.
7．After sobbing(sob) for a while, the little boy stopped to look around.
8．If overlooked(overlook), the problem may result in heavy losses.
9．The old woman was__robbed(rob) of her necklace while walking in the street.
10．Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate.
阅读理解
A
The artist behind popular Brisbane brand A Boy Named Aaron includes a special ingredient in every handcrafted product. “All the designs come from my heart and soul(灵魂)，” says Aaron Darcy. The New Farm artist, known for his tribal-look(部落款式的) pieces, has a growing fan base around the country and the world.
The 37-year-old paints and carves in full view of customers at the James St shop in Fortitude Valley he shares with other makers. “People can watch while I create art in front of them. It shows people how much heart and passion(热情) I have，” says Aaron.
His products are all hand pressed or painted on a diverse collection of products including chairs, wall hangings and door stops. Natural materials such as wood and shell are Aaron’s preferred mediums.
Trips to different places offer inspiration for the designer who particularly loves Indian patterns, and the bright colors and folk art of Mexico. Aaron’s next plan is a range of dog accessories(配饰), and he will have the ideal(理想的) model in Rufus, the rescue dog he adopted. “It’s lovely because I can bring my pet to work and it’s great to have that energy around me，” says Aaron, who jogs with Rufus around New Farm. “I’ve recently lost 20kg.”
His first job, working in an office for a Gold Coast firm, confirmed that he needed a different life. “I soon realized that the suit and tie option was not for me. I’ve been creative all my life and working in an office felt like staying in prison，” he says.
Seven years ago Aaron decided to act on his “calling to create art”. “I decided to create a brand which would be about hands-on products. It has meant absolute creative freedom.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了艺术家Aaron经营艺术品工作室的经历。
1．What is Aaron known for?
A．His good look.
B．His kind heart.
C．His unique designs.
D．His ever-changing products.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的The New Farm artist, known for his tribal-look(部落款式的) pieces可知，Aaron因其独特的设计——部落风格的产品而出名。
2．Why does Aaron like to work in front of customers?
A．They can see his enthusiasm.
B．They can share their own stories.
C．They can place an order directly.
D．They can have hands-on experience.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的People can watch while I create art in front of them. It shows people how much heart and passion(热情) I have可知，Aaron在顾客的注视下工作是为了让顾客看到他创作的热情。
3．What’s Aaron going to do next?
A．Lose weight.
B．Find a good model.
C．Train his dog very well.
D．Create some products for pets.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Aaron’s next plan is a range of dog accessories(配饰)可知，Aaron下一步计划制作一些狗的配饰，也就是针对宠物的产品。
4．Which word can describe Aaron’s first job?
A．Successful. B．Boring.
C．Busy. D．Relaxing.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的His first job, working in an office for a Gold Coast firm, confirmed that he needed a different life.和I’ve been creative all my life and working in an office felt like staying in prison可知，Aaron的第一份工作很无聊。
B
How many people can speak English? Some experts guess that 1.5 billion people—around one quarter of the world’s population—can communicate reasonably well in English. Never in recorded history has a language been as widely spoken as English is today. The reason why millions are learning it is simple: it is the language of international business. It is not just that multinational companies conduct their business in English; it is the language in which the Chinese speak to Brazilians and Germans to Indonesians.
David Graddol, the author of English Next, says global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might not like.
According to David Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more smoothly when there are no native English speakers present. Native English speakers tend to think they need to avoid longer Latin-based words, but in fact comprehension problems are more often caused by their use of colloquial(口语的) English, especially idioms, metaphors(隐喻), and phrasal verbs. On one occasion, at an international student meeting in Amsterdam, conducted in English, the only British representative was asked to be “less English” so that the others could understand her.
Barbara Seidlhofer, Professor of University of Vienna, says her team has noticed that even the most competent non-native speakers sometimes leave out the “s” in the third person singular(单数形式). Nouns that are not plural(有复数形式的) in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers. Other variations include “make a discussion”， “discuss about something”， or “phone to somebody”．
Those who insist on Standard English grammar remain in a powerful position. Academics who want their work published in international journals have to follow grammatical rules strictly.
But spoken English is another matter. Why should non-native speakers bother with what native speakers regard as correct? Their main aim, after all, is to be understood by one another, and in most cases there is no native speaker present.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。随着时代的发展，国际交流变得日益频繁，英语在成为一门国际语言的同时，也在不断地变化着。
5．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The vital role of English as a world language.
B．The influence of English on other languages.
C．The languages used in international business.
D．The importance of cross-cultural communication.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，随着国际交流的日益频繁，英语变得越来越重要。
6．What does the author want to show by mentioning an international student meeting?
A．Native English speakers frequently use long words.
B．Native English speakers’ English can be too native to understand.
C．Non-native speakers have trouble expressing themselves in English.
D．Non-native speakers are at a disadvantage in international discussions.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的comprehension problems are more often caused by their use of colloquial(口语的) English...“less English” so that the others could understand her.可知，以英语为母语的人常使用习语、隐喻和动词词组等口语体英语，这就给母语非英语的人带来了理解上的困难。由此可见，以英语为母语的人的英语太过纯正。
7．What does Professor Seidlhofer find?
A．Native English speakers always make a lot of mistakes.
B．Standard English is used by fewer people than before.
C．Non-native speakers are changing English grammar.
D．Global English has entered a difficult period.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的even the most competent non-native speakers sometimes...Other variations include “make a discussion”， “discuss about something”， or “phone to somebody”．可知，即便是优秀的母语非英语者也会有一些语法上的错误，他们使用着多样化的语法。
8．What does the author think of grammatical mistakes in spoken English?
A．They are acceptable.
B．They should be avoided.
C．They need to be corrected.
D．They cause misunderstanding.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为在口语交流中，只要能理解双方的意思就行，不必在意那些语法错误，所以他认为一些语法错误在口语中是可以接受的。
七选五
How to Avoid Eye Strain
Although your eyes are designed to be used 24 hours a day, focusing on small items for a long period of time, perhaps while reading or working on a computer, commonly causes eye strain(疲劳). Here are things you can do to help avoid and treat eye strain.
·1.________ You can try the practice known as cupping. Rub your hands together to make them warm. Place your hands over your eyes and close them. Breathe normally and relax with your hands on your eyes for 5 to 10 minutes.
·When you stare at close distances for long periods of time, you should follow these eye relaxation techniques. 2.________ If not, you can overly strain the ciliary muscle(睫状肌) of your eye, which is the one that controls the lens(晶状体) during the work of eyesight at a distance. You can also make yourself nearsighted.
·Blinking(眨眼睛) provides a break for our eyes, but is often disregarded due to our heavy and long workloads. 3.________ To help with this, train yourself to blink more often to prevent dryness.
·Some eye strain occurs because you look at things for too long without a break, such as a computer screen or book. 4.________ Try to use the 20-20-20 rule, which means that every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and focus on something else that’s 20 feet away.
·5.________ To do this, roll your eyes slowly from side to side, and up and down. Repeat this three to five times. Perform these exercises a couple of times each day, especially if you are working for a long time.
A．Blinking also cleanses your eyes.
B．It can help with eye strain caused by dryness.
C．When your eyes are tired, try relaxation techniques.
D．The pressure on your eyes should be light and comfortable.
E．Take breaks and sit with your eyes closed for a few seconds to avoid eye strain.
F．To help strengthen your eye muscles, you should exercise the muscles in your eyes.
G．You should frequently increase the distance between you and the object you focus on.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了缓解视疲劳的五种方法。
1．C 解析：根据下文中的You can try the practice known as cupping...relax with your hands on your eyes for 5 to 10 minutes.可知，如果你感到眼睛疲劳，就要尝试一些放松眼睛的办法。C项是对下文的总结。
2．G 解析：根据上文中的When you stare at close distances for long periods of time...eye relaxation techniques.及下文中的If not, you can overly strain the...during the work of eyesight at a distance.可知，如果你长期盯着近处看，则可引起睫状肌过度紧张，最终有可能造成近视，所以要定期远眺一会儿，以放松你的眼睛。G项起承上启下的作用。
3．B 解析：根据下文中的To help with this, train yourself to blink more often to prevent dryness.可知，眨眼睛可以缓解眼睛干涩、疲劳，所以要让自己经常眨眼。B项符合此处语境。
4．E 解析：根据上文中的Some eye strain occurs because you look at things for too long without a break, such as a computer screen or book.及下文中的Try to use the 20-20-20 rule...something else that’s 20 feet away.可知，长时间的持续用眼会造成视疲劳，所以你应该坐下来闭上眼睛休息一会儿，你也可以每20分钟休息20秒，看看20英尺以外的地方。E项符合此处语境。
5．F 解析：根据下文中的To do this, roll your eyes slowly from side to side, and up and down. Repeat this three to five times.可知，如果你想让你的眼部肌肉更强壮，就需要锻炼你眼部的肌肉。你可以上下、左右转动你的眼球。下文是对F项的解释说明。
课件59张PPT。Unit 4 Pygmalionshabbycompromisesobdisgustingoverlookfaderefereerobmusicalhorribleeffectivedisapprove古时的；(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的文物；古董；古玩长袜饼干磁盘指甲；钉子洗衣店；洗衣房；腰；腰部；腰围背心；内衣字母表浴缸；澡盆(待洗的或洗好的)衣服show...inthe other daytake awayoncemorein need offadeout whenever they spokedeep in conversationif I’d knownwas robbed robberwas robbedin off make a compromise to feelin need ofin needout awayout AngryAbsorbedtiredShouldhad本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．As far as I am concerned, the new products are superior(高级的) to the old ones.
2．After a heated discussion, the two sides reached a compromise(和解) in court eventually.
3．In fact, overlooking(忽视) the detailed information may place us in a dilemma.
4．The scene of the murder was so horrible(恐怖的) that the waitress couldn’t help bursting out crying.
5．I saw an old woman in shabby(破旧的) clothes asking passers-by for money when I went past a coffee shop.
6．When he saw the injured woman in the accident, he came up to her without hesitation(犹豫)．
7．The curtains I bought many years ago in the supermarket have faded(褪色) in the sun.
8．Lots of musical(音乐的) instruments can be found in the shop.
9．His servile expression of praise for his employer was disgusting(使人反感的) to me.
10．It’s cold and windy today. You’d better put on your woolen(羊毛的) scarf when you go out.
选词填空
in need of; make the acquaintance of; in terms of; pass oneself off as; show...in; once more; generally speaking; fade out
1．Two years ago, the man passed__himself__off__as a doctor to sell illegal drugs to the old people.
2．Generally__speaking,__doing regular exercise in a proper way contributes to good health.
3．When we moved to Shanghai, my parents made__the__acquaintance__of a musician, who had a great influence on me later.
4．Although she is young, she is much more experienced than others in__terms__of working ability.
5．It’s so cold outside and you’d better show the old man in．
6．The teacher asked the students to read the article once__more to get a better understanding of it.
7．Judging from his worried look, the man was in__need__of help from the passers-by.
8．The sound of the little boy’s crying faded__out gradually in the distance.
完成句子
1．长期谈判之后，双方达成了妥协。
After a long talk, the two sides reached/came__to__a__compromise．
2．记住，在你们两个都有困难的时候，是我借钱给你们的。
Remember that when both__of__you__were__in__need,__I was the one who loaned you money.
3．又饿又累，我只好停下来休息。
Hungry__and__tired,__I had to stop to have a rest.
4．如果当时我接受了你的邀请，我就可以在你的婚礼上见到你的弟弟了。
If__I__had__accepted__your__invitation,__I__would__have__met your little brother at your wedding ceremony.
5．努力学习是改变命运最好的方法，特别是对于贫困地区的孩子来说。
Studying__hard__is__the__best__way__to__change__one’s__fate,__especially for children in the poor areas.
课文语法填空
Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering were sitting deep 1.in conversation. There was a knock on the door and Mrs Pearce, the housekeeper, came in with cookies, a teapot, some cream and two cups, 2.saying(say) a young girl, 3.who was quite a common kind of girl with dirty nails, wanted to see Henry Higgins. The girl said she didn’t want to sell 4.flowers(flower) in the street, so she wanted to speak perfect English. She wanted 5.to__be__taught(teach) by Henry Higgins. However, she said she 6.was__treated(treat) like dirt. A lady friend of hers got French lessons for two shillings an hour from a real Frenchman. She hoped to pay at most a shilling. Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering made a bet about teaching Eliza. Mr Higgins had a bathtub of his own and he had a bath every morning. Then Henry Higgins 7.asked(ask) his maid to take the girl to have a bath, but the girl thought 8.it a shame to take a bath in the bathtub and wouldn’t do like that, for she had never had a bath in her life. Then Henry Higgins and Colonel Pickering set about 9.talking(talk) about the best way to teach her. They intended beginning with the alphabet and they thought that would be very 10.effective(effect). Colonel Pickering was confident that the girl would be changed and she had feelings too.
单句语法填空
1．In the painting, a young man sits alone, deep in thought.
2．Having been shown around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
3．After a day’s hard work, Mary went to the nearby shop to treat herself as a piece of cake.
4．The new drug has great significance for the treatment(treat) of the disease.
5．Playing with their peers(同龄人), children learn to compromise with each other and not to do exactly what they want to do.
6．You know, he is one of the most famous basketball referees(referee) in the world.
7．After sobbing(sob) for a while, the little boy stopped to look around.
8．If overlooked(overlook), the problem may result in heavy losses.
9．The old woman was__robbed(rob) of her necklace while walking in the street.
10．Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate.
阅读理解
A
The artist behind popular Brisbane brand A Boy Named Aaron includes a special ingredient in every handcrafted product. “All the designs come from my heart and soul(灵魂)，” says Aaron Darcy. The New Farm artist, known for his tribal-look(部落款式的) pieces, has a growing fan base around the country and the world.
The 37-year-old paints and carves in full view of customers at the James St shop in Fortitude Valley he shares with other makers. “People can watch while I create art in front of them. It shows people how much heart and passion(热情) I have，” says Aaron.
His products are all hand pressed or painted on a diverse collection of products including chairs, wall hangings and door stops. Natural materials such as wood and shell are Aaron’s preferred mediums.
Trips to different places offer inspiration for the designer who particularly loves Indian patterns, and the bright colors and folk art of Mexico. Aaron’s next plan is a range of dog accessories(配饰), and he will have the ideal(理想的) model in Rufus, the rescue dog he adopted. “It’s lovely because I can bring my pet to work and it’s great to have that energy around me，” says Aaron, who jogs with Rufus around New Farm. “I’ve recently lost 20kg.”
His first job, working in an office for a Gold Coast firm, confirmed that he needed a different life. “I soon realized that the suit and tie option was not for me. I’ve been creative all my life and working in an office felt like staying in prison，” he says.
Seven years ago Aaron decided to act on his “calling to create art”. “I decided to create a brand which would be about hands-on products. It has meant absolute creative freedom.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了艺术家Aaron经营艺术品工作室的经历。
1．What is Aaron known for?
A．His good look.
B．His kind heart.
C．His unique designs.
D．His ever-changing products.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的The New Farm artist, known for his tribal-look(部落款式的) pieces可知，Aaron因其独特的设计——部落风格的产品而出名。
2．Why does Aaron like to work in front of customers?
A．They can see his enthusiasm.
B．They can share their own stories.
C．They can place an order directly.
D．They can have hands-on experience.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的People can watch while I create art in front of them. It shows people how much heart and passion(热情) I have可知，Aaron在顾客的注视下工作是为了让顾客看到他创作的热情。
3．What’s Aaron going to do next?
A．Lose weight.
B．Find a good model.
C．Train his dog very well.
D．Create some products for pets.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Aaron’s next plan is a range of dog accessories(配饰)可知，Aaron下一步计划制作一些狗的配饰，也就是针对宠物的产品。
4．Which word can describe Aaron’s first job?
A．Successful. B．Boring.
C．Busy. D．Relaxing.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的His first job, working in an office for a Gold Coast firm, confirmed that he needed a different life.和I’ve been creative all my life and working in an office felt like staying in prison可知，Aaron的第一份工作很无聊。
B
How many people can speak English? Some experts guess that 1.5 billion people—around one quarter of the world’s population—can communicate reasonably well in English. Never in recorded history has a language been as widely spoken as English is today. The reason why millions are learning it is simple: it is the language of international business. It is not just that multinational companies conduct their business in English; it is the language in which the Chinese speak to Brazilians and Germans to Indonesians.
David Graddol, the author of English Next, says global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might not like.
According to David Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more smoothly when there are no native English speakers present. Native English speakers tend to think they need to avoid longer Latin-based words, but in fact comprehension problems are more often caused by their use of colloquial(口语的) English, especially idioms, metaphors(隐喻), and phrasal verbs. On one occasion, at an international student meeting in Amsterdam, conducted in English, the only British representative was asked to be “less English” so that the others could understand her.
Barbara Seidlhofer, Professor of University of Vienna, says her team has noticed that even the most competent non-native speakers sometimes leave out the “s” in the third person singular(单数形式). Nouns that are not plural(有复数形式的) in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers. Other variations include “make a discussion”， “discuss about something”， or “phone to somebody”．
Those who insist on Standard English grammar remain in a powerful position. Academics who want their work published in international journals have to follow grammatical rules strictly.
But spoken English is another matter. Why should non-native speakers bother with what native speakers regard as correct? Their main aim, after all, is to be understood by one another, and in most cases there is no native speaker present.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。随着时代的发展，国际交流变得日益频繁，英语在成为一门国际语言的同时，也在不断地变化着。
5．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The vital role of English as a world language.
B．The influence of English on other languages.
C．The languages used in international business.
D．The importance of cross-cultural communication.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，随着国际交流的日益频繁，英语变得越来越重要。
6．What does the author want to show by mentioning an international student meeting?
A．Native English speakers frequently use long words.
B．Native English speakers’ English can be too native to understand.
C．Non-native speakers have trouble expressing themselves in English.
D．Non-native speakers are at a disadvantage in international discussions.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的comprehension problems are more often caused by their use of colloquial(口语的) English...“less English” so that the others could understand her.可知，以英语为母语的人常使用习语、隐喻和动词词组等口语体英语，这就给母语非英语的人带来了理解上的困难。由此可见，以英语为母语的人的英语太过纯正。
7．What does Professor Seidlhofer find?
A．Native English speakers always make a lot of mistakes.
B．Standard English is used by fewer people than before.
C．Non-native speakers are changing English grammar.
D．Global English has entered a difficult period.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的even the most competent non-native speakers sometimes...Other variations include “make a discussion”， “discuss about something”， or “phone to somebody”．可知，即便是优秀的母语非英语者也会有一些语法上的错误，他们使用着多样化的语法。
8．What does the author think of grammatical mistakes in spoken English?
A．They are acceptable.
B．They should be avoided.
C．They need to be corrected.
D．They cause misunderstanding.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为在口语交流中，只要能理解双方的意思就行，不必在意那些语法错误，所以他认为一些语法错误在口语中是可以接受的。
七选五
How to Avoid Eye Strain
Although your eyes are designed to be used 24 hours a day, focusing on small items for a long period of time, perhaps while reading or working on a computer, commonly causes eye strain(疲劳). Here are things you can do to help avoid and treat eye strain.
·1.________ You can try the practice known as cupping. Rub your hands together to make them warm. Place your hands over your eyes and close them. Breathe normally and relax with your hands on your eyes for 5 to 10 minutes.
·When you stare at close distances for long periods of time, you should follow these eye relaxation techniques. 2.________ If not, you can overly strain the ciliary muscle(睫状肌) of your eye, which is the one that controls the lens(晶状体) during the work of eyesight at a distance. You can also make yourself nearsighted.
·Blinking(眨眼睛) provides a break for our eyes, but is often disregarded due to our heavy and long workloads. 3.________ To help with this, train yourself to blink more often to prevent dryness.
·Some eye strain occurs because you look at things for too long without a break, such as a computer screen or book. 4.________ Try to use the 20-20-20 rule, which means that every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and focus on something else that’s 20 feet away.
·5.________ To do this, roll your eyes slowly from side to side, and up and down. Repeat this three to five times. Perform these exercises a couple of times each day, especially if you are working for a long time.
A．Blinking also cleanses your eyes.
B．It can help with eye strain caused by dryness.
C．When your eyes are tired, try relaxation techniques.
D．The pressure on your eyes should be light and comfortable.
E．Take breaks and sit with your eyes closed for a few seconds to avoid eye strain.
F．To help strengthen your eye muscles, you should exercise the muscles in your eyes.
G．You should frequently increase the distance between you and the object you focus on.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了缓解视疲劳的五种方法。
1．C 解析：根据下文中的You can try the practice known as cupping...relax with your hands on your eyes for 5 to 10 minutes.可知，如果你感到眼睛疲劳，就要尝试一些放松眼睛的办法。C项是对下文的总结。
2．G 解析：根据上文中的When you stare at close distances for long periods of time...eye relaxation techniques.及下文中的If not, you can overly strain the...during the work of eyesight at a distance.可知，如果你长期盯着近处看，则可引起睫状肌过度紧张，最终有可能造成近视，所以要定期远眺一会儿，以放松你的眼睛。G项起承上启下的作用。
3．B 解析：根据下文中的To help with this, train yourself to blink more often to prevent dryness.可知，眨眼睛可以缓解眼睛干涩、疲劳，所以要让自己经常眨眼。B项符合此处语境。
4．E 解析：根据上文中的Some eye strain occurs because you look at things for too long without a break, such as a computer screen or book.及下文中的Try to use the 20-20-20 rule...something else that’s 20 feet away.可知，长时间的持续用眼会造成视疲劳，所以你应该坐下来闭上眼睛休息一会儿，你也可以每20分钟休息20秒，看看20英尺以外的地方。E项符合此处语境。
5．F 解析：根据下文中的To do this, roll your eyes slowly from side to side, and up and down. Repeat this three to five times.可知，如果你想让你的眼部肌肉更强壮，就需要锻炼你眼部的肌肉。你可以上下、左右转动你的眼球。下文是对F项的解释说明。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
过去分词(短语)作状语
1．(教材P29)Now once taught(teach) by me, she’d become an upper class lady...
2．(教材P30)But, sir, (proudly) once educated(educate) to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party.
3．Although wounded(wound) all over, the brave soldiers continued to fight.
4．Lost(lose) in the forest, you should first of all remain where you are, waiting for help.
5．Seriously injured(injure), he had to be taken to hospital.
6．Followed(follow) by his wolf dog, the hunter walked slowly in the forest.
过去分词(短语)作状语
过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词(短语)作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。
◆When offered help，one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you”．(时间状语)
当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“谢谢”或“你真是太好了”。
◆Given another chance, I will do it much better.(条件状语)
如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。
◆Greatly inspired by what he did, I joined him in helping others.(原因状语)
在他所做的事情的鼓励下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。
◆Visited many times, the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语)
虽然已参观了许多次，这个地方仍值得再来。
◆He has been preparing his paper all day long, locked in his study.(方式状语)
锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。
◆The guest walked into the room, greeted by his owner.(伴随状语)
客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。
【即时演练1】——写出下列句中标记部分分别充当什么状语
①Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.原因状语
②Time, used correctly, is money in the bank.条件状语
③If asked to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.条件状语
④Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.方式状语
⑤When (you are) given a medical examination, you should keep calm.时间状语
过去分词(短语)作状语时在句中的位置
过去分词(短语)在句中作状语，放在主句前作句首状语时，后面用逗号与主句隔开；放在主句的后面时，前面用逗号与主句隔开。
◆Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.
因为做得匆忙，他的作业满是错。
◆He stood there silently, moved to tears.
他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有lost，seated, absorbed in, buried in, dressed in, tired of等。
◆Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.
因为沉浸在思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
【即时演练2】——单句语法填空
①Defeated(defeat) again, the scientist didn’t give up.
②Exhausted(exhaust) by working all day, he soon fell asleep.
③Faced(face) with a choice between arts and science, the little girl didn’t know which to choose.
过去分词(短语)作状语时的几点特殊情况
1．过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。
◆Seen from the top of the mountain, the whole town looks more beautiful.
＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain, the whole town looks more beautiful.
从山顶上看，整个城镇看起来更美了。
◆Given ten more minutes，we will finish the work perfectly.
＝If we are given ten more minutes，we will finish the work perfectly.
如果多给十分钟，我们会完美地完成这份工作。
◆Greatly touched by his words, she was full of tears.
＝Because she was greatly touched by his words，she was full of tears.
由于被他的话深深地感动了，她满眼泪花。
2．过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列分句或改为并列谓语。
◆The teacher came into the room, followed by two students.
＝The teacher came into the room, and he was followed by two students.
老师走进了这个房间，后面跟着两个学生。
◆Dressed in white, she looks more beautiful.
＝She is dressed in white and looks more beautiful.
她穿着白色衣服，看起来更加漂亮了。
3．过去分词(短语)作时间、条件或让步状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在分词前加上when, while, if, once, unless, although等连词，相当于状语从句的省略。
◆Even if I am invited, I will not take part in the party.
＝Even if invited, I will not take part in the party.
即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。
◆Unless you are asked to speak, you should remain silent at the meeting.
＝Unless asked to speak, you should remain silent at the meeting.
除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。
before, after一般不与过去分词连用，因为这两个词还可作介词，后接being done的形式。
◆Before being taken to the zoo，the boy read many books about his favorite animals.
在被带去动物园之前，这个男孩读了很多关于他最喜爱的动物的书。
4．过去分词(短语)的独立结构。过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，过去分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语，这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立结构，过去分词(短语)的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。
◆The project finished, they had a two weeks’ leave.
＝After the project was finished, they had a two weeks’ leave.
完成那项工程后，他们休了两周假。
◆The work done, they went out to have a rest.＝Because the work was done, they went out to have a rest.
因为工作被完成了，他们出去休息去了。
【即时演练3】——用非谓语将下列复合句改为简单句
①When they were asked who had broken the vase, the children all kept silent.
→Asked__who__had__broken__the__vase,__the children all kept silent.
②If we are united, we will make our life better.
→United,__we will make our life better.
③As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.
→Encouraged__by__the__progress__made__by__him,__he works harder.
④Although we were exhausted by the hard work, we went on with it.
→Exhausted__by__the__hard__work,__we went on with it.
单句语法填空
1．The flowers presented by your boyfriend can grow well if watered(water) twice every week.
2．Seeing(see) from the top of the tower, we can see a sea of flowers at the south foot of the mountain.
3．These problems, if not solved(solve) properly, will seriously affect the growth of teenagers and even the nation’s future.
4．If separated(separate) from his best friends for a long time, the little boy will feel lonely.
5．Attracted(attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from the city decided to spend another two days on the farm.
6．Mary locked herself in her study for the whole weekend, preparing(prepare) for the coming examinations.
7．Surprised(surprise) and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
8．Grandpa Lin, deeply moved(move), thanked him again and again.
9．The children soon fell asleep, exhausted(exhaust) because of the long journey.
10．Looking(look) back on all those difficult times in the past, Ivy could not help but let out a sigh.
单句改错
1．Though frightening by a big snake, he didn’t cry for help.frightening→frightened
2．Once discovering, the harmful insects will be wiped out.discovering→discovered
3．Giving another two hours, I can complete all the work.Giving→Given
4．Encouraging by his teacher, the boy succeeded in making a simple robot.Encouraging→Encouraged
5．Losing in deep thought, I didn’t hear there was a knock at the door just now.Losing→Lost
语法与写作
1．被提醒了很多次，那个年轻人依然犯同样的错误。
Reminded__many__times,__the young man still made the same mistake.
2．在大学舍友的陪同下，他参观了西安的许多名胜古迹。
Accompanied__by__his__university__roommates,__he visited many places of interest in Xi’an.
3．受他的影响，越来越多的人喜欢上了户外活动。
Influenced__by__him,__more and more people fall in love with outdoor activities.
4．严重受伤，司机和乘客都被送往了医院。
Seriously__injured,__the driver and passengers were sent to hospital.
5．新华宾馆位于中心街上，提供的服务最优，价格最低。
Located__on__the__center__street,__the Xin Hua Hotel provides the best service with the lowest price.
单句语法填空
1．When first introduced(introduce) to the market, the product won great popularity.
2．Convinced(convince) of the truth of the report, he told his colleagues about it.
3．Compared(compare) to other problems she was faced with, this one was not important.
4．Exhausted(exhaust), we went to a nearby hotel to have a good rest.
5．Struck(strike) by the beauty of the scenery, they decided to visit the small old town again.
6．She returned to the shop the following morning dressed(dress) in a woollen coat, with a handbag in her right hand.
7．Satisfied(satisfy) with her answer, her teacher praised her in front of all the students.
8．Hesitating(hesitate) over whether to leave or not, the child stayed where he was.
9．Having__been__warned(warn) by their manager, they became more careful in doing their work.
10．Having__received(receive) the letter from her best friend, Lucy ran towards home excitedly.
阅读理解
Both of Omar’s parents were poets.For as long as Omar could remember, his parents spent at least one evening each week on a poetry reading, which usually took place at a small coffee house.
Omar had very fond memories of the coffee house on Sixth Street where the people’s personalities were as colorful as the coffee cups.He loved going to early evening poetry readings at Cody’s Coffee Shop.He would sit in the audience next to his parents, the smell of coffee floating through the air and the gentle voices of the poets removing his childish worries with the rhythm of their poems.
There was one woman who came to Cody’s every week just as his parents did.Her name was Mrs Abboud.She never read, but she always had a bright smile for everyone, and she would clap(拍手) loudly after each reading.
Eventually, Omar began writing his own poetry.Mrs Francis, Omar’s English teacher, advised him to enter a poetry contest(竞赛)．At first Omar was proud and excited.However, when he read the contest rules, he became concerned.The contest was an oral(口头的) reading.Omar had no doubt that he could write high-quality poetry, but he was a very shy young man.He doubted that he could stand in front of a large group to read his poem calmly.
“It would make me very proud，” his father said, and Omar knew that he had to go through with it somehow.So on the day of the contest, he selected his favorite poem, put on his best clothes, and appeared at the auditorium(会堂)．
When he stepped onto the stage, though, something wonderful happened！There in the audience, right beside his parents, was Mrs Abboud.Omar could almost smell the coffee at Cody’s Coffee Shop.He focused on his parents and Mrs Abboud and tuned__out everyone else.Now it was easy to read his poem in a clear, calm voice.When he finished, everyone in the auditorium applauded.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个喜欢诗歌的男孩想要参加诗歌竞赛，却害怕在公众场合发言。最终他下定决心走进赛场，克服了自己的恐惧，他的诗歌朗诵也得到了听众的掌声和喝彩。
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．Poetry. B．A coffee house.
C．Omar’s parents. D．Omar’s worries.
B 解析：细节理解题。第二段首句为该段的主题句。该段描写了一个让Omar充满美好回忆的咖啡馆，包括去那里的客人和咖啡馆的氛围。
2．Which word best describes Mrs Abboud?
A．Clever. B．Patient.
C．Creative. D．Supportive.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的．..she always had a bright smile...clap(拍手) loudly after each reading.可知，Mrs Abboud总是面带微笑，每个人读完诗她都会大声鼓掌，因此推断她总是鼓励支持别人。
3．Why did Omar feel that he had to enter the contest?
A．He wanted to win a prize.
B．He wanted to face his fears.
C．He wanted to please his teacher.
D．He wanted to surprise his father.
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的Omar knew that he had to go through with it somehow可知，Omar知道他无论如何必须参加这次竞赛，而从上一段可知，他对这次竞赛的主要担忧是他害怕在众人面前发言，因此可推断，Omar决定为克服自己的恐惧而参加诗歌竞赛。
4．The underlined phrase “tuned out” in the last paragraph can be replaced by “________”．
A．ignored B．attracted
C．forgot D．impressed
A 解析：词义猜测题。由最后一段中的He focused on his parents and Mrs Abboud可知，他把注意力集中在他的父母和Mrs Abboud身上，忽略了其他人，这样他就很轻松地用镇定清晰的声音朗诵了他的诗作。
完形填空
A couple of weeks ago, when some friends and I took a trip to Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands, I immediately __1__ it. Since we are all living in North Germany which is not very __2__， it only took us a few hours on the train __3__ we were at the heart of this __4__ city. The minute we stepped off the __5__， we were surrounded by __6__ architecture and weaving canals.
We stayed at a youth hostel(旅社), which was a typical tall Dutch house with lots of stairs. I __7__ staying in youth hostels; it is such a great __8__ to meet people from all over the world and __9__ your different experiences, __10__ and even languages. We stayed in a room with an Argentinian, who we befriended right away, and we spent a lot of __11__ together.
During our stay, we made sure to make the most of what Amsterdam has to __12__. We took a boat trip through the __13__， which gave us some great __14__ of the fantastic architecture and canals. We also made sure to go to the Van Gogh Museum, which is one of the city’s most famous tourist attractions, and consists of a __15__ collection of his work, along with details of his __16__ and the work of other artists that knew him. One of my favourite parts of the trip, though it was rather __17__， was our visit to the Anne Frank Museum. She was a Jewish girl who hid with her family for 2 years before the Nazis __18__ them and sent them to the death camps. It was a very __19__ experience, and certainly worth seeing.
Overall, I think Amsterdam is one of my favourite cities that I have ever been to, and I would love to __20__ someday!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友一起去阿姆斯特丹的旅行。
1．A.remembered B．loved
C．recognised D．knew
B 解析：根据下文中对作者和朋友愉快旅行的描述及最后一段中的I think Amsterdam is one of my favourite cities可知，当作者和朋友在阿姆斯特丹旅行时，他就“爱上了(loved)”这里。
2．A.hilly B．open
C．similar D．far
D 解析：根据空后的it only took us a few hours on the train可知，作者和朋友居住的地方离阿姆斯特丹并不太“远(far)”。
3．A.before B．when
C．unless D．since
A 解析：根据上文对作者和朋友到阿姆斯特丹旅行的描述可知，他们在到达这座“美丽的(beautiful)”城市“之前(before)”只花了几个小时。
4．A.remote B．warm
C．beautiful D．industrial
C
5．A.train B．taxi
C．boat D．flight
A 解析：根据本段中的on the train及下文中的fantastic architecture and canals可知，当作者和朋友一下“火车(train)”，他们就看到了“令人惊叹的(amazing)”建筑和如织的河道。
6．A.strange B．modern
C．low D．amazing
D
7．A.regret B．enjoy
C．imagine D．miss
B 解析：根据本段中的staying in youth hostels; it is such a great...and even languages.可知，作者“喜欢(enjoy)”待在青年旅社里，因为这是结识来自世界各地的人的好“机会(chance)”，而且还可以和他们“分享(share)”不同的经历、“文化(cultures)”甚至语言。
8．A.difference B．pity
C．decision D．chance
D
9．A.protect B．declare
C．share D．ignore
C
10．A.clothes B．cultures
C．attitude D．knowledge
B
11．A.time B．money
C．energy D．effort
A 解析：根据本段中的We stayed in a room with an Argentinian, who we befriended right away...together.可知，作者和朋友跟一个阿根廷人住同一个房间，大家很快就成了朋友，还一起度过了很长一段“时间(time)”。
12．A.create B．teach
C．offer D．promise
C 解析：根据空前的During our stay, we made sure to make the most of what Amsterdam...可知，在旅行期间，作者和朋友确保他们最大限度地享受到了阿姆斯特丹能够“给予(offer)”他们的一切。
13．A.city B．country
C．field D．bridge
A 解析：根据本段中的We took a boat trip through...the fantastic architecture and canals.可知，作者和朋友坐着船游览这座“城市(city)”，看到了这里建筑以及河道的美丽“景象(views)”。
14．A.news B．expectations
C．views D．ideas
C
15．A.recent B．huge
C．daily D．growing
B 解析：根据本段中的We also made sure to go to the Van Gogh Museum...artists that knew him.可知，作者和朋友还参观了梵高博物馆，那里收藏有“大量(huge)”梵高的作品，还有许多他的“人生(life)”故事以及另外一些与他交好的艺术家的作品。
16．A.performance B．life
C．team D．progress
B
17．A.interesting B．terrible
C．crazy D．sad
D 解析：根据本段中的She was a Jewish girl...death camps.可知，作者喜欢的另一段旅行是去参观安妮·弗兰克博物馆，尽管这与一个“悲伤的(sad)”故事有关。这个犹太小姑娘和父母藏在家中两年，后来纳粹“发现了(found)”他们，把他们送去了死亡集中营。
18．A.found B．served
C．blamed D．misunderstood
A
19．A.subjective B．common
C．direct D．moving
D 解析：根据本段中对安妮·弗兰克的故事的描述可知，这是一段“动人的(moving)”经历，非常值得一看。
20．A.show off B．break away
C．come back D．watch out
C 解析：根据本段中的I think Amsterdam is one of my favourite cities...someday！可知，阿姆斯特丹是作者最喜欢的城市之一，他希望有一天自己能再“回到(come back)”这里。
语法填空
Lively music, singing and the sound of beating drums fill the room. As an orchestra plays, performers 1.____________(dress) in colorful costumes move across the stage. Welcome to Chinese opera.
Chinese opera plays 2.____________ important part in Chinese culture. Most operas are based 3.____________ stories from long ago. The amazing stage performances are often set against grand backgrounds. 4.____________(beauty) paintings, hand movements and martial arts(武术) help tell these famous stories.
Of the 5.____________(many) than 300 forms of Chinese opera, Peking Opera is the most famous. Peking Opera 6.____________(combine) singing, dancing and acrobatics(杂技). Different kinds of traditional instruments accompany the performances.
Costumes indicate the characters and roles. Audiences 7.____________ are familiar with opera will recognize a story by the performers’ masks and costumes. Costumes 8.____________(usual) have many designs and colors. The same costume can be used in different shows, 9.____________(represent) a different character.
Traditionally, performers used masks. Today, however, performers use makeup. They paint colorful designs on their faces 10.____________(create) each character. For example, a brave character has a red face, while a black face means bold(勇猛的). A yellow and white face represents someone dishonest.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的国粹——京剧。
1．dressed 解析：考查动词-ed形式作定语的用法。performers后跟定语，又因为dress与performers之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且dress所表示的动作已完成，故填dressed。
2．an 解析：考查固定搭配。play an important part in...意为“是……的重要组成部分”。
3．on/upon 解析：考查固定搭配。be based on/upon...意为“以……为基础”。
4．Beautiful 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，修饰paintings，意为“美丽的”，故填Beautiful。
5．more 解析：考查形容词比较级。由后面的than可知，应用形容词比较级，故填more。
6．combines 解析：考查一般现在时。设空处是对一般情况的描述，应用一般现在时，又因为主语是Peking Opera，故填combines。
7．that/who 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Audiences，且在从句中作主语，故填that/who。
8．usually 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰have，意为“通常”，故填usually。
9．representing 解析：考查动词-ing形式作状语的用法。设空处作状语，又因为costume与represent之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且represent所表示的动作与主句的谓语动作同时发生，故填representing。
10．to create 解析：考查不定式作状语的用法。句意：他们(指代演员)在脸上画上脸谱的目的是创造角色。故填to create。
课件27张PPT。Unit 4 PygmaliontaughteducatedwoundedLostinjuredFollowed原因状语条件状语条件状语方式状语时间状语DefeatedExhaustedFacedAsked who had broken thevaseUnitedEncouraged by the progress made by himExhausted by the hard workwateredSeeingsolvedseparatedAttractedpreparingSurprisedmovedexhaustedLookingfrightening→frighteneddiscovering→discoveredGiving→GivenEncouraging→EncouragedLosing→LostReminded many timesAccompanied by his university roommatesInfluenced by himSeriously injuredLocated on the center street本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．When first introduced(introduce) to the market, the product won great popularity.
2．Convinced(convince) of the truth of the report, he told his colleagues about it.
3．Compared(compare) to other problems she was faced with, this one was not important.
4．Exhausted(exhaust), we went to a nearby hotel to have a good rest.
5．Struck(strike) by the beauty of the scenery, they decided to visit the small old town again.
6．She returned to the shop the following morning dressed(dress) in a woollen coat, with a handbag in her right hand.
7．Satisfied(satisfy) with her answer, her teacher praised her in front of all the students.
8．Hesitating(hesitate) over whether to leave or not, the child stayed where he was.
9．Having__been__warned(warn) by their manager, they became more careful in doing their work.
10．Having__received(receive) the letter from her best friend, Lucy ran towards home excitedly.
阅读理解
Both of Omar’s parents were poets.For as long as Omar could remember, his parents spent at least one evening each week on a poetry reading, which usually took place at a small coffee house.
Omar had very fond memories of the coffee house on Sixth Street where the people’s personalities were as colorful as the coffee cups.He loved going to early evening poetry readings at Cody’s Coffee Shop.He would sit in the audience next to his parents, the smell of coffee floating through the air and the gentle voices of the poets removing his childish worries with the rhythm of their poems.
There was one woman who came to Cody’s every week just as his parents did.Her name was Mrs Abboud.She never read, but she always had a bright smile for everyone, and she would clap(拍手) loudly after each reading.
Eventually, Omar began writing his own poetry.Mrs Francis, Omar’s English teacher, advised him to enter a poetry contest(竞赛)．At first Omar was proud and excited.However, when he read the contest rules, he became concerned.The contest was an oral(口头的) reading.Omar had no doubt that he could write high-quality poetry, but he was a very shy young man.He doubted that he could stand in front of a large group to read his poem calmly.
“It would make me very proud，” his father said, and Omar knew that he had to go through with it somehow.So on the day of the contest, he selected his favorite poem, put on his best clothes, and appeared at the auditorium(会堂)．
When he stepped onto the stage, though, something wonderful happened！There in the audience, right beside his parents, was Mrs Abboud.Omar could almost smell the coffee at Cody’s Coffee Shop.He focused on his parents and Mrs Abboud and tuned__out everyone else.Now it was easy to read his poem in a clear, calm voice.When he finished, everyone in the auditorium applauded.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个喜欢诗歌的男孩想要参加诗歌竞赛，却害怕在公众场合发言。最终他下定决心走进赛场，克服了自己的恐惧，他的诗歌朗诵也得到了听众的掌声和喝彩。
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．Poetry. B．A coffee house.
C．Omar’s parents. D．Omar’s worries.
B 解析：细节理解题。第二段首句为该段的主题句。该段描写了一个让Omar充满美好回忆的咖啡馆，包括去那里的客人和咖啡馆的氛围。
2．Which word best describes Mrs Abboud?
A．Clever. B．Patient.
C．Creative. D．Supportive.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的．..she always had a bright smile...clap(拍手) loudly after each reading.可知，Mrs Abboud总是面带微笑，每个人读完诗她都会大声鼓掌，因此推断她总是鼓励支持别人。
3．Why did Omar feel that he had to enter the contest?
A．He wanted to win a prize.
B．He wanted to face his fears.
C．He wanted to please his teacher.
D．He wanted to surprise his father.
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的Omar knew that he had to go through with it somehow可知，Omar知道他无论如何必须参加这次竞赛，而从上一段可知，他对这次竞赛的主要担忧是他害怕在众人面前发言，因此可推断，Omar决定为克服自己的恐惧而参加诗歌竞赛。
4．The underlined phrase “tuned out” in the last paragraph can be replaced by “________”．
A．ignored B．attracted
C．forgot D．impressed
A 解析：词义猜测题。由最后一段中的He focused on his parents and Mrs Abboud可知，他把注意力集中在他的父母和Mrs Abboud身上，忽略了其他人，这样他就很轻松地用镇定清晰的声音朗诵了他的诗作。
完形填空
A couple of weeks ago, when some friends and I took a trip to Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands, I immediately __1__ it. Since we are all living in North Germany which is not very __2__， it only took us a few hours on the train __3__ we were at the heart of this __4__ city. The minute we stepped off the __5__， we were surrounded by __6__ architecture and weaving canals.
We stayed at a youth hostel(旅社), which was a typical tall Dutch house with lots of stairs. I __7__ staying in youth hostels; it is such a great __8__ to meet people from all over the world and __9__ your different experiences, __10__ and even languages. We stayed in a room with an Argentinian, who we befriended right away, and we spent a lot of __11__ together.
During our stay, we made sure to make the most of what Amsterdam has to __12__. We took a boat trip through the __13__， which gave us some great __14__ of the fantastic architecture and canals. We also made sure to go to the Van Gogh Museum, which is one of the city’s most famous tourist attractions, and consists of a __15__ collection of his work, along with details of his __16__ and the work of other artists that knew him. One of my favourite parts of the trip, though it was rather __17__， was our visit to the Anne Frank Museum. She was a Jewish girl who hid with her family for 2 years before the Nazis __18__ them and sent them to the death camps. It was a very __19__ experience, and certainly worth seeing.
Overall, I think Amsterdam is one of my favourite cities that I have ever been to, and I would love to __20__ someday!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友一起去阿姆斯特丹的旅行。
1．A.remembered B．loved
C．recognised D．knew
B 解析：根据下文中对作者和朋友愉快旅行的描述及最后一段中的I think Amsterdam is one of my favourite cities可知，当作者和朋友在阿姆斯特丹旅行时，他就“爱上了(loved)”这里。
2．A.hilly B．open
C．similar D．far
D 解析：根据空后的it only took us a few hours on the train可知，作者和朋友居住的地方离阿姆斯特丹并不太“远(far)”。
3．A.before B．when
C．unless D．since
A 解析：根据上文对作者和朋友到阿姆斯特丹旅行的描述可知，他们在到达这座“美丽的(beautiful)”城市“之前(before)”只花了几个小时。
4．A.remote B．warm
C．beautiful D．industrial
C
5．A.train B．taxi
C．boat D．flight
A 解析：根据本段中的on the train及下文中的fantastic architecture and canals可知，当作者和朋友一下“火车(train)”，他们就看到了“令人惊叹的(amazing)”建筑和如织的河道。
6．A.strange B．modern
C．low D．amazing
D
7．A.regret B．enjoy
C．imagine D．miss
B 解析：根据本段中的staying in youth hostels; it is such a great...and even languages.可知，作者“喜欢(enjoy)”待在青年旅社里，因为这是结识来自世界各地的人的好“机会(chance)”，而且还可以和他们“分享(share)”不同的经历、“文化(cultures)”甚至语言。
8．A.difference B．pity
C．decision D．chance
D
9．A.protect B．declare
C．share D．ignore
C
10．A.clothes B．cultures
C．attitude D．knowledge
B
11．A.time B．money
C．energy D．effort
A 解析：根据本段中的We stayed in a room with an Argentinian, who we befriended right away...together.可知，作者和朋友跟一个阿根廷人住同一个房间，大家很快就成了朋友，还一起度过了很长一段“时间(time)”。
12．A.create B．teach
C．offer D．promise
C 解析：根据空前的During our stay, we made sure to make the most of what Amsterdam...可知，在旅行期间，作者和朋友确保他们最大限度地享受到了阿姆斯特丹能够“给予(offer)”他们的一切。
13．A.city B．country
C．field D．bridge
A 解析：根据本段中的We took a boat trip through...the fantastic architecture and canals.可知，作者和朋友坐着船游览这座“城市(city)”，看到了这里建筑以及河道的美丽“景象(views)”。
14．A.news B．expectations
C．views D．ideas
C
15．A.recent B．huge
C．daily D．growing
B 解析：根据本段中的We also made sure to go to the Van Gogh Museum...artists that knew him.可知，作者和朋友还参观了梵高博物馆，那里收藏有“大量(huge)”梵高的作品，还有许多他的“人生(life)”故事以及另外一些与他交好的艺术家的作品。
16．A.performance B．life
C．team D．progress
B
17．A.interesting B．terrible
C．crazy D．sad
D 解析：根据本段中的She was a Jewish girl...death camps.可知，作者喜欢的另一段旅行是去参观安妮·弗兰克博物馆，尽管这与一个“悲伤的(sad)”故事有关。这个犹太小姑娘和父母藏在家中两年，后来纳粹“发现了(found)”他们，把他们送去了死亡集中营。
18．A.found B．served
C．blamed D．misunderstood
A
19．A.subjective B．common
C．direct D．moving
D 解析：根据本段中对安妮·弗兰克的故事的描述可知，这是一段“动人的(moving)”经历，非常值得一看。
20．A.show off B．break away
C．come back D．watch out
C 解析：根据本段中的I think Amsterdam is one of my favourite cities...someday！可知，阿姆斯特丹是作者最喜欢的城市之一，他希望有一天自己能再“回到(come back)”这里。
语法填空
Lively music, singing and the sound of beating drums fill the room. As an orchestra plays, performers 1.____________(dress) in colorful costumes move across the stage. Welcome to Chinese opera.
Chinese opera plays 2.____________ important part in Chinese culture. Most operas are based 3.____________ stories from long ago. The amazing stage performances are often set against grand backgrounds. 4.____________(beauty) paintings, hand movements and martial arts(武术) help tell these famous stories.
Of the 5.____________(many) than 300 forms of Chinese opera, Peking Opera is the most famous. Peking Opera 6.____________(combine) singing, dancing and acrobatics(杂技). Different kinds of traditional instruments accompany the performances.
Costumes indicate the characters and roles. Audiences 7.____________ are familiar with opera will recognize a story by the performers’ masks and costumes. Costumes 8.____________(usual) have many designs and colors. The same costume can be used in different shows, 9.____________(represent) a different character.
Traditionally, performers used masks. Today, however, performers use makeup. They paint colorful designs on their faces 10.____________(create) each character. For example, a brave character has a red face, while a black face means bold(勇猛的). A yellow and white face represents someone dishonest.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的国粹——京剧。
1．dressed 解析：考查动词-ed形式作定语的用法。performers后跟定语，又因为dress与performers之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且dress所表示的动作已完成，故填dressed。
2．an 解析：考查固定搭配。play an important part in...意为“是……的重要组成部分”。
3．on/upon 解析：考查固定搭配。be based on/upon...意为“以……为基础”。
4．Beautiful 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，修饰paintings，意为“美丽的”，故填Beautiful。
5．more 解析：考查形容词比较级。由后面的than可知，应用形容词比较级，故填more。
6．combines 解析：考查一般现在时。设空处是对一般情况的描述，应用一般现在时，又因为主语是Peking Opera，故填combines。
7．that/who 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Audiences，且在从句中作主语，故填that/who。
8．usually 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语，修饰have，意为“通常”，故填usually。
9．representing 解析：考查动词-ing形式作状语的用法。设空处作状语，又因为costume与represent之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且represent所表示的动作与主句的谓语动作同时发生，故填representing。
10．to create 解析：考查不定式作状语的用法。句意：他们(指代演员)在脸上画上脸谱的目的是创造角色。故填to create。
Section Ⅴ Writing
求助信
文体感知
求助信属于应用文，通常要按照英文书信的格式书写。求助信是对收信人提出请求，并希望对方满足该要求。写求助信的重点是要写清楚为什么请求他人做某事。写求助信时一定要注意语气要礼貌，用词要规范。
增分佳句
1．Faced with so much difficulty, I have to ask you for help.
面对如此多的困难，我不得不向你求助。
2．However, I have some trouble in collecting relevant materials. I was wondering if you could help me to solve the problem.
但是，我在收集相关材料上遇到了麻烦。我想知道你是否能帮助我解决这个问题。
3．I’m writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help.
我写这封信，希望你能给我一些帮助。
4．Would you be so kind as to spare some time to help me polish them?
你能抽出一些时间来帮我将它们润色一下吗？
写作模板
Dear Sir/Madam，
My name is ________．/I’m________．(自我介绍) I have met much difficulty. First, ________. What’s worse/Worse still, ________. Furthermore, ________. Faced with/Facing so much difficulty, I have to turn to you for help.(说明问题) Would you like to ________ so that/in order that ________？ In the meanwhile/Meanwhile, ________. In addition, I would like you to ________ to ________. I’m sure that I can ________ with your help. Would you be so kind as to spare some time to help me ________？(表达原因及请求)
I’d appreciate it if you could help me with ________. Thank you for your time.(表达期盼及谢意)
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
写作要求
假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Ms Jenkins写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．急需in__great__need__of
2．申请apply__for
3．暑假summer__vacation
4．切实可行的经验practical__experience
5．抽出一些时间spare__some__time
6．润色polish
7．附在……上be__attached__to
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①对不起打扰你了，可是我真的急需你的帮助。
Sorry to bother you, but I’m really in__great__need__of__your__help．
②我想获得一些切实可行的经验。
I want to gain some__practical__experience．
③我正在申请暑假期间去一家外资公司兼职。
I am__applying__for__a__part-time__job in a foreign company during the summer vacation.
④然而，我不太确定如何恰当使用词汇及简历的正确格式。
However, I am not quite sure how__to__use__some__words__properly__and__what__the_
_right__format__is．
⑤我知道你工作很繁忙。
I know you are__occupied__with your work.
⑥如果你能帮我修改材料我将会非常感激。
I’d__appreciate__it if you could help me with the materials.
⑦材料已随信附上。
The materials have__been__attached__to the letter.
2．句式升级
⑧用in order to连接句②和句③
In__order__to__gain__some__practical__experience,__I__am__applying__for__a__part-time__job__in__a__foreign__company__during__the__summer__vacation.
⑨用分词短语作后置定语连接句⑥和句⑦
I’d__appreciate__it__if__you__could__help__me__with__the__materials__attached__to__the__letter.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Ms Jenkins，
I am Li Hua from your English writing class last semester. Sorry to bother you, but I’m really in great need of your help.
In order to gain some practical experience, I am applying for a part-time job in a foreign company during the summer vacation. I’ve already finished my job application and personal resume. However, I am not quite sure how to use some words properly and what the right format is. So, I’m writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help. Would you be so kind as to spare some time to help me polish them?
I know you are occupied with your work, but I’d appreciate it if you could help me with the materials attached to the letter. Looking forward to your reply and thanks for your kindness.
Yours，
Li Hua
假定你是李华，最近与好朋友Lucy吵架了，现在给外教Melinda写邮件请求帮助。邮件内容包含：
1．吵架的原因；
2．吵架后的心情；
3．请求Melinda给出解决办法。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．邮件首尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Melinda，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version:
Dear__Melinda，
The reason why I am writing to you is that I quarreled with my friend Lucy and I need your help now.
The quarrel occurred when we were discussing whether we should go shopping last weekend. Because of the coming examination，she insisted on studying at school while I opposed strongly. After the incident, we have not chatted any more, causing me great depression. I am sincerely sorry to see things going like this and I have been feeling frustrated ever since.
I really don’t want to lose this friend.Could you please offer me some effective and practical advice? Looking forward to your reply.
Best__wishes!
Yours，
Li__Hua
课件20张PPT。Unit 4 Pygmalionin great need ofapply forsummer vacationpractical experiencespare some timepolishbe attached toin great need of your helpsome practical experienceam applying for a part--time job how to use some words properlyare occupied with I’d appreciate ithave been attached to and what the right format is本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.adaptation n．适应(性)；改编本
Three of his novels have been adapted for TV and this is a screen adaptation．(adapt)
2.classic adj.经典的；第一流的 n．经典著作
①Some of us think reading classics(classic) can help us know about some cultures and customs in old times.
②In my opinion, it is better for you to find a quiet place, listening to some classical(classic) music.
3.hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇
①They didn’t hesitate to__give(give) their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.
②Without hesitation(hesitate), I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.
4.uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的
Most Americans feel uncomfortable(comfort) if they stand too close to others when talking.
5.mistaken adj.(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的
Yesterday an old woman mistook me for her daughter.That means I was mistaken for her daughter.In fact she often makes the same mistake．(mistake)
6.classify vt.把……分类；把……归类
①It is required that the books in the library should be__classified(classify) by subject.
②Librarians spend a lot of time classifying(classify) the books into several parts.
7.remark n．谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起
①Some famous English professors from the USA and China will be invited to be judges and make remarks(remark) on the performances of the competitors.
②I wish to take this opportunity to express warm congratulations on your remarkable(remark) achievements！
8.condemn vt.谴责；使……注定
Most of the students are willing to__condemn(condemn) his deed in the class as lack of manners.
9.acquaintance n．相识；了解；熟人
He has a large number of acquaintances(acquaintance), so he had no trouble in finding his destination.
10.fortune n．机会；运气；大笔的钱
Tom is often fortunate．Last year he went to Shanghai to try his fortune. Fortunately,__he met his girlfriend and got married there.(fortune)
11.compromise n．& vi.妥协；折衷
After a heated discussion, they finally__compromised(compromise) on the solution to the problem.
12.overlook vt.俯视；忽视；不理会
The secretary is very careful and never overlooks(overlook) any little points in her daily work.
阅读词汇排查练
1.plot n. 情节；阴谋
2.extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的；非凡的
3.handkerchief n. 手帕；手绢；纸巾
4.brilliant adj. 光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的
5.upper adj. (位置或地位)较高的；级别较高的
6.handful n. 一把；少量
7.superior adj. 优秀的；较高的；上级的
n. 上级；长官
8.ambassador n. 大使；使节
9.antique adj. 古时的；(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的
n. 文物；古董；古玩
10.stocking n. 长袜
11.cookie n. 饼干
12.disk n. 磁盘
13.nail n. 指甲；钉子
14.laundry n. 洗衣店；洗衣房；待洗的或洗好的衣服
15.waist n. 腰；腰部；腰围
16.vest n. 背心；内衣
17.alphabet n. 字母表
18.bathtub n. 浴缸；澡盆
重点短语
会书写
1.pass...off__as... (把某人)改变或冒充成……
2.make__one’s__acquaintance 结识；与……相见
3.generally__speaking 一般来说
4.in__terms__of... 就……来说；从……角度
5.rob__sb.of__sth. 抢劫某人某物
6.once__more 再一次
7.in__need__of 需要……
8.fade__out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡
9.show...in 带或领……进来
10.in__disguise 伪装；假扮
11.be__mistaken__about__ 误解；误会
会应用
1.The noise gradually faded__out and the whole city was in complete silence.
2.Generally__speaking,__girls have a better gift for language than boys.
3.In__terms__of study and health, we should develop a healthy lifestyle.
4.It was at a Christmas party last year that I made__his__acquaintance.
5.Don’t be__mistaken__about the man, and he just wanted to offer a hand.
6.When they got there, they found the people suffering the storm were in__need__of food and water supplies.
重点句型
1.“while＋现在分词”为省略句
她在听收音机时睡着了。
While__listening__to__the__radio,__she fell asleep.
2.“be of＋抽象名词”相当于其形容词
当我们和朋友发生冲突的时候，换位思考是十分重要的。
Putting ourselves in their shoes is__of__great__importance when we have conflicts with friends.
3.What if...？句型
在接下来的半小时里，如果这个问题必须被解决会怎样？
What__if__this__problem__has__to__be__solved in the next half hour？
4.“once＋过去分词”形式的省略句
当他被问到成功的秘诀时，他说他的成功很大程度上归功于他的父母。
When__asked the secret of his success, he said he owed much of his success to his parents.
5.形容词作伴随状语
他全神贯注地读书，没有注意到老师走进教室。
Deep__in__the__book,__he didn’t notice the teacher come into the classroom.
6.if 引导的虚拟语气
昨天你要是参加了这个会议，你就会见到她。
If you had__attended the meeting yesterday, you would__have__met her.
单元语法
1．We make a promise that if__given(give) one more week, we will finish our task perfectly.
2．Compared(compare) with his brother, he was easier to get along with.
3．Blamed(blame) by his boss, Henry is in low spirits, not wanting to attend the party.
4．Finally, those sports stars came in, followed(follow) by so many fans.
5．Caught(catch) in a heavy traffic jam, the taxi driver began to chat with his passenger to kill time.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．我是在街上结识他的。(make one’s acquaintance)
2．他说他急需用钱，想向我借2 000元钱。(in need of)
3．一般来说，刚刚认识就向对方借钱是不礼貌的。(generally speaking)
4．在钱的方面，我一点儿也不富裕。(in terms of)
5．因此，我犹豫了，心想要是他是个骗子那该怎么办呢。(hesitate; what if)
6．他接着说有个人冒充他妻子的一个朋友骗了他所有的钱。(pass...off as...)
7．这才使他沦落到这个地步。(condemn)
8．听到这儿，我觉得我误解他了。(mistaken)
9．但我采取了折衷的办法，给了他1 000元。(compromise)
10．回到家，妻子对我今天所做的事未做任何评论。(remark)
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One possible version：
I made his acquaintance in the street and he said he was in great need of money and wanted to borrow 2，000 yuan from me.Generally speaking, it is impolite to ask for money on first acquaintance. Besides, I’m not rich at all in terms of money, so I hesitated, wondering what if he was a liar. He added that one person passed off as one of his wife’s friends and cheated him into giving her all his money, which condemned him to this point.Hearing this, I felt I was mistaken about him. But I made a compromise on the amount of money he asked and gave him 1，000 yuan. My wife made no remark on what I did today when I got home.
课件20张PPT。Unit 4 PygmalionadaptedadaptationUnit 4 Pygmalionclassicsclassicalto givehesitationuncomfortablemistookmistakenmistakebe classifiedclassifyingremarksremarkableto condemnacquaintancesfortunatefortuneFortunatelycompromisedoverlooks情节；阴谋不同寻常的；非凡的 手帕；手绢；纸巾光辉灿烂的；杰出的；(位置或地位)较高的；才华横溢的级别较高的一把；少量优秀的；较高的；上级的上级；长官大使；使节古时的；(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的文物；古董；古玩长袜饼干磁盘指甲；钉子洗衣店；洗衣房；待洗的或洗好的衣服腰；腰部；腰围背心；内衣字母表浴缸；澡盆pass...off as... make one’s acquaintance generally speakingin terms of... rob sb.of sth. once more in need offade outshow...inin disguisebe mistaken about faded outGenerally speakingIn terms ofmade his acquaintancebe mistaken about in need ofWhile listening to the radiois of great importance What if this problem has to be solvedWhen askedDeep in the bookhad attendedwould have metgivenComparedBlamedfollowedCaught本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
