考古学家可以通过对古代陶器的研究挖掘出藏在陶器背后的故事，而且这些古代陶器也为我们研究祖先的生活提供了全新的材料。
Digging up the Past
Like detectives, archaeologists use evidence to solve mysteries. Detectives look for clues to solve crimes. Archaeologists seek clues to help them understand how people lived long ago. In fact, the word “archaeology” means “the study of ancient things”. One type of evidence used to learn about the past is pottery(陶器)．
People have used pottery for thousands of years all over the world. Old pottery is usually found in pieces called “potsherds”. Sometimes potsherds found in the same place can be put back together to re-create the original pot. Even in pieces, old pottery can teach us about the past. When examining pottery, archaeologists consider not only its appearance but what it was made of and how it was made. With this knowledge, they can gain interesting information about people’s lives in times past.
Pottery is made by first adding water to a kind of soil called clay. When wet, clay can be formed into shapes. It is then heated. This hardens the clay and allows it to keep its shape. To make clay easier to shape and heat, potters use something called “temper”. An archaeologist can tell where a pot came from by the types of clay and temper that were used. Sometimes a pot found in one location might contain materials from another place. This can provide clues about how people traded or traveled.
A pot’s shape and decoration can provide clues about the past. Painted pictures might show events from daily life of legends(传说). Archaeologists know certain shapes and styles that were common in different times and places.
Archaeologists study the differences in types of pottery closely. Because of their work, these everyday objects can reveal(揭露) some of the mysteries of the past.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.alternative n. 可能的选择
adj. 供选择的；其他的
2.__regardless adv. 不管；不顾
3.centimetre__n. 厘米
4.primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的
5.category n. 种类；类别；范畴
拓展词汇
6.botany n．植物学→botanical adj.植物学的；与植物学有关的
7.accuracy n．精确；准确→accurate adj.精确的；准确的→accurately adv.精确地；准确地
8.interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止→interruption n．打扰；中断(时间)
9.sharpen vi.& vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰→sharpener n．磨具；削具→sharp adj.锋利的；尖锐的；清晰的
10.messy adj.凌乱的；脏的→mess n．杂乱；混乱
11.analysis n．分析→analyses(复数)→analyze vt.分析
12.assume vt.假定；设想→assuming prep.假设→assumption n．设想；假定；担任
13.starvation n．挨饿；饿死→starve vi.挨饿；饿死
14.__ripen vt.& vi.使……成熟；成熟→ripe adj.成熟的
阅读词汇
15.identify vt. 确认；识别；鉴别
16.archaeology n. 考古学
17.tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的
18.acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重
的；深刻的
19.mat n. 席子；垫子
20.quilt n. 被子；棉被
21.beast n. 野兽
22.ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的
23.seashell n. 海贝壳
重点短语
1.compare...with... 把……和……相比较
2.show__sb.__round 领某人参观
3.regardless__of 不管；不顾
4.at__most 至多；最多
5.cut__up 切碎
6.be__aware__of 知道
7.come__to__a__conclusion 得出结论
8.differ__from 不同于
重点句型
1.It is a great pleasure to do sth.很高兴做某事：It__is__a__great__pleasure__to__meet__you__students__from__England(很高兴见到你们这些来自英国的学生), who are interested in archaeology.
2.do you think作插入语：What__else__do__you__think(你认为还有其他什么) it might have been used for？
3.as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”：Yes, indeed, as__the__botanical__analyses__have__shown__us(正如植物学的分析结果告诉我们的一样), all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
4.why引导表语从句：That’s__why(那就是为什么) they are called hunters and gatherers.
Fast-reading
Skim the text and do the following exercises.
1．Read the conversation and match the three topics with what the archaeologist talked about.
Topic 1 A．What can we learn from a necklace?
Topic 2 B．Life in the cave.
Topic 3 C．What can we learn from a needle?
答案：BCA
2．What’s the main idea of the text?
The main idea is about ________________________________ in the Zhoukoudian caves.
答案：the life and habits of the earliest people
Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Where do the caves lie?
A．In the forest.
B．On the seaside.
C．At the foot of the hill.
D．Higher up the hill.
2．Which of the following is the CORRECT order about how early people made clothes?
a．remove the fat and meat from the skin
b．cut up animals
c．rub salt onto the skin
d．remove their skin
e．sew the pieces together
A．b－d－c－a－e B．b－d－a－c－e
C．b－a－d－c－e D．b－a－c－d－e
3．Which of the following shows us early people and modern people have something in common?
A．People hang animal skins to keep out the cold.
B．People never grow their own crops.
C．People use science.
D．People care about their appearance.
4．What will the group of students most probably do next?
A．They will go into the caves to have a close look.
B．They will say goodbye to the archaeologist.
C．They will have an immediate discussion.
D．They will continue asking questions about the earliest people.
答案：1－4.DBDA
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．You must be aware that it’s here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②You must be aware是主句；that it’s here...the world是宾语从句。
③宾语从句使用了强调句型，被强调内容是________； 其中又包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词________。
[翻译] 你们想必都知道，正是在这个地方，我们找到了世界上在这个地区居住的最早人类的证据。
答案：here；people
2．We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter.
[翻译] 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。
答案：定语；宾语
3．We haven’t found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the freezing winter.
①本句是一个由but连接的并列复合句。
②but前的分句是一个简单句。
③but后的分句是一个主从复合句，we think是主句， 后跟省略了连接词________的宾语从句；其中，不定式短语to keep out the cold during the freezing winter作________状语。
[翻译] 我们还没有找到门，但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬天，他们可能是把兽皮挂在洞口来防寒的。
答案：that；目的
①archaeologist[?ɑ?kI'?l?d?Ist]n.
考古学家(〈美〉archeologist)
archaeological[?ɑ?kI?'l?d?Ikl]
adj.考古学的；与考古学有关的(〈美〉archeological)
②be/become aware that...知道/意识到……
be/become aware of...意识到……
③excavate['eksk?veIt]vt.
挖掘；发掘
excavation[?eksk?'veI?n]n.
挖掘；发掘
④interrupt[?Int?'r?pt]vt.&vi.
打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
⑤acute[?'kju?t]adj.
有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的
⑥reasonable[ri?z(?)n?b(?)l]
adj.合理的；可以接受的
⑦assume[?'sju?m]vt.假定；设想
assumption n．假定；设想
⑧regardless of不管；不顾
regardless[rI'ɡɑ?dl?s]adv.
不管；不顾
⑨scare...away把……吓跑
⑩keep out使不进入，防止进入
?freezing['fri?zI?]adj.
极冷的；冰冻的(为此义时只作前置定语)
adv.极冷(地)
freezing＝freezing cold极冷的
frozen['fr??zn]adj.
(食物)冷冻的，冷藏的；(人或身体部分)冻僵，极冷(通常作表语)；(河、湖等)结冰的
?entirely[In'taI?lI]adv.
完全地；全部地
?sharpener['?ɑ?p?n?]n.磨具；削具
?sharpen['?ɑ?p?n]vi.&vt.
(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰
?cut up切碎
?scraper['skreIp?]n.刮刀；刮削器
scrape[skreIp]vt.擦净；削平；磨光
?rub[r?b]v.擦，磨，搓
rub salt into the wound在伤口上抹盐；使雪上加霜
?ample['?mpl]adj.
足够的；充足的；富裕的
an ample amount of许多，大量(仅修饰不可数名词)
?messy['mesI]adj.凌乱的；脏的
?primitive['prImItIv]adj.
原始的；远古的；简陋的
primitive tribes原始部落
primitive societies原始社会
preserve[prI'z??v]vt.
保存；保护；维护n.保护区
nature preserve自然保护区
preservation[?prez?'veI?n]n.保存，保护
identify[aI'dentIfaI]vt.
确认；识别；鉴别
identify...as...认出/鉴
定……是……
indeed[In'di?d]adv.
其实，实际上(相当于in fact)
botanical[b?'t?nIkl]adj.
植物学的；与植物学有关的
botany['b?t?nI]n.植物学
analysis[?'n?l?sIs]n.(pl analyses)分析
analyse['?n?laIz]v.分析
shallow['??l??]adj.浅的
people n．(统称)民族；种族；人民，国民
herd[h??d]n.兽群，牧群
a herd of...一群……(常修饰牛、羊等兽类)
ripen['raIp?n]vt.&vi.
(使)……成熟；成熟
ripe[raIp]adj.(水果或庄稼)成熟的
gatherer['ɡ?e?r?(r)]n.
收集者，采集者
【核心素养链接】
周口店北京猿人遗址位于北京市房山区周口店龙骨山。距北京城约50公里。1929年中国古生物学家裴文中在此发现第一个完整的头盖骨化石，并找到了北京人生活、狩猎及使用火的遗迹，证实50万年以前北京地区已有人类活动。联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会1987年12月批准周口店北京猿人遗址为世界文化遗产。
A VISIT TO THE ZHOUKOUDIAN CAVES
A group of students (S) from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit. An archaeologist①(A) is showing them round.
A：Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China. It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology. You must be aware that② it’s here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. We’ve been excavating③ here for many years and...
◆此处It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to meet you students from England；其中who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students。
◆这是一个强调句式，强调了句子的地点状语here；其中who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people。
◆本句使用了现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到现在，还可能延续下去。
S1：I’m sorry to interrupt④ you but how could they live here? There are only rocks and trees.
A：Good question. You are an acute⑤ observer. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects. So we think it is reasonable⑥ to assume⑦ they lived in these caves, regardless of ⑧ the cold.
S2：How did they keep warm? They couldn’t have mats, blankets or quilts like we do. It must have been very uncomfortable.
◆此处为“must have done”结构，表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测。
A：We’ve discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires. That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away⑨ as well. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. We haven’t found any doors but we think they might have hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out⑩ the cold during the freezing? winter.
◆“kept them warm”是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词warm在此作宾补。
◆此句为主从复合句。which在此引导非限制性定语从句，该从句中还包含一个that引导的宾语从句，作suggests的宾语。“kept the fire burning”是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，现在分词burning在此作宾补。
S3：What wild animals were there all that time ago?
A：Well, we’ve been finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies. Now what do you think this tells us about the life of these early people? (shows picture of a sewing needle)
◆sewing在此为v.-ing作定语，表示功能。相似的还有：reading room, swimming pool等。
S2：Gosh! That’s a needle. Goodness, does that mean they repaired things?
A：What else do you think it might have been used for?
S4：Let me look at it. It’s at most three centimetres long. Ah yes, it seems to be made of bone. I wonder how they made the hole for the...
S2：(interrupting) Do you mean that they made their own clothes? Where did they get the material?
A：They didn’t have material like we have today. Can you guess what they used?
S1：Wow! Did they wear clothes made entirely? of animal skins? How did they prepare them? I’m sure they were quite heavy to cut and sew together．
◆过去分词短语made entirely of animal skins在此作后置定语，修饰clothes。
◆此处为“主语＋系动词be＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构，虽然不定式与主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表被动意义。
A：Our evidence suggests that they did wear clothes made from animal skins. We continue discovering tools that were sharpeners? for other tools. It seems that they used the sharpened? stone tools to cut up? animals and remove their skin. Then smaller scrapers? were probably used to remove the fat and meat from the skin. After that they would rub? an ample? amount of salt onto the skin to make it soft. Finally, they would cut it and sew the pieces together. Quite a difficult and messy? task! Now look at this.(shows a necklace)
S2：Why, it’s a primitive? necklace. Did early people really care about their appearance like we do? It’s lovely!
A：Yes, and so well preserved. What do you think it’s made of?
S4：Let me see. Oh, I think some of the beads are made of animal bones but others are made of shells.
A：How clever you are! One bone is actually an animal tooth and the shells are from the seaside. Can you identify any other bones?
S1：This one looks very much like a fish bone. Is that reasonable?
A：Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake. Probably there were fish in it.
◆as在此引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，如同”。
S3：But a lake is not the sea. We are miles from the sea, so how did the seashells get here?
A：Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys. We know that they moved around, following the herds of animals. They didn’t grow their own crops, but picked fruit when it ripened and hunted animals. That’s why they are called hunters and gatherers. Now, why don’t we go and visit the caves?
◆现在分词短语following the herds of animals作moved around的伴随状语。
周口店洞穴参观记
一群来自英国的学生(学)来到周口店洞穴参观，一位考古学家(考)正带领他们参观。
考：欢迎来到中国周口店洞穴。很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。你们想必都知道，正是在这个地方，我们找到了世界上在这个地区居住的最早人类的证据。我们已经在这儿挖掘了很多年，而且……
学1：很抱歉，打断了你的讲话。但是他们怎么会住在这个地方呢？(这里)只有岩石和树木啊。
考：好问题。你是一个敏锐的观察者。我们在山上更高处的那些洞穴里找到了人骨和兽骨，还有工具和其他物品。因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
学2：那他们是怎样保暖的呢？他们不可能像我们这样有垫子、毛毯和被子。想必一定很不舒服。
考：我们已经发现在洞穴中央有生火用的壁炉。他们用壁炉里的火来取暖、做饭，还可以用火来吓跑野兽。我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有六米厚。这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。我们还没有找到门，但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬天，他们可能是把兽皮挂在洞口来防寒的。
学3：在那以前有什么样的野兽呢？
考：嗯，我们在洞里发现了老虎和熊的骨头。我们认为，这些野兽对他们来讲是最危险的敌人了。现在，你们认为这个东西告诉我们有关早期人类生活的什么情况呢？(展示一张缝纫针的图片)
学2：啊呀！那是一根针。天哪，那意味着他们修补东西吗？
考：除此之外，你们认为它还可能派上别的什么用场吗？
学4：让我看看。这个东西最多有三厘米长。噢，是的，它看起来像是用骨头做的。我想知道他们是怎样做出针眼来……
学2：(插话)你是说他们自己做衣服穿？他们是从哪里得到衣料的呢？
考：他们没有像我们今天穿的这种衣料。你们能猜出他们用的是什么吗？
学1：哇！他们穿的衣服全是用兽皮做的吗？他们是怎样做成那些衣服的呢？我确定要裁剪并将它们缝在一起的话，兽皮太厚太重了。
考：我们有证据表明，他们穿的衣服的确是用兽皮做的。我们不断发现用来磨制其他工具的工具。看样子他们用磨得锋利的石器来切割动物并剥皮，接下来可能再用小一些的刮刀把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后，他们可能在兽皮上边擦上大量的盐，使皮变柔软。最后他们将它进行剪裁，再把切成片的兽皮缝起来。确实是既难又脏的活！现在来看看这个吧。(展示一条项链)
学2：哎呀，这是一条原始的项链吧。早期的人类真的也像我们现在这样在意外貌吗？太漂亮了！
考：是的，还保存得很好呢。你们认为它是用什么做成的？
学4：我看看。哦，我想有些珠子是用兽骨做的，但其他的是用贝壳做的。
考：你真聪明！有块骨头实际上是野兽的一颗牙齿，贝壳来自海边。你们还能认出别的骨头吗？
学1：这块看起来很像鱼骨头，对吗？
考：是的，很对。正如植物学的分析(结果)告诉我们的那样，这儿周围的所有田地曾经是一个大的浅水湖的一部分。(当时)很可能湖里是有鱼的。
学3：不过，湖并不是海啊。我们离海还远着呢，那么，贝壳又是怎么来的呢？
考：早期的人类之间也许有贸易往来，或者他们也可能到过海边。我们知道，他们跟着兽群四处走。他们并不种植庄稼，而是在水果熟了的时候采摘它们并猎杀野兽。那就是他们被称为狩猎者和采集者的原因。现在咱们去参观洞穴，好吗？
阅读理解
A
Antarctic seabirds are breeding(繁殖) later，because thinner sea ice is causing their food supplies to decline，a new study says. The birds，which nest in East Antarctica，have delayed their spring arrival by an average of nine days and egg-laying by an average of two days over the past 50 years，according to polar researchers from the French National Center for Scientific Research in Villiers en Bois, France. Study authors Christophe Barbrand and Henri Weimerskirch attribute this later breeding activity to decrease in sea ice caused by climate change.
The researchers say the disappearing sea ice，combined with a longer sea-ice season, has interfered with the birds’ breeding cycle by reducing the amount of krill(磷虾) and other prey(猎物) available in early spring in Antarctica. Because Antarctica’s seasons are opposite those in the Northern Hemisphere，spring on the icy continent begins in October.
The study is based on data collected at seabird colonies between 1950 and 2004 in Adélie Land, on the eastern edge of the frozen continent.
The findings were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Of the nine species studied, some arrived up to 30 days later than they had in previous years.
Despite much later arrivals, the birds are laying their eggs at pretty much the same time as they had in the past. In the most extreme cases, birds were laying their eggs an average of 3.7 days later in the season than they were 50 years ago.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了生活在南极洲东部的海鸟推迟繁殖的原因。
1．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Seabirds are breeding later in East Antarctica.
B．The amount of krill in the ocean has decreased.
C．The weather in Antarctica has changed.
D．The spring in Antarctica is beginning later.
A 解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章主要介绍的是现在生活在南极洲东部的海鸟的繁殖期由于气候变化而延后。
2．In which of the following months is it autumn in Antarctica?
A．October. B．September.
C．November. D．June.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句可推知南极6月应是秋天。
3．What does the underlined word “attribute” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．It means “contribute”. B．It means “cause”．
C．It means “owe”. D．It means “devote”．
C 解析：词义猜测题。研究者认为这种推迟的生育行为是由于气候变化导致的海冰减少而引起的。attribute...to...“把……归因于……”，C项与之相符。
B
Whenever I hear a recording of John Denver singing “Sunshine on My Shoulders”， I find myself smiling, drawn to a love of the sun and the outdoors I’ve had for years as a Michigan native. Walking barefoot to the lake, playing without shirts in the sunlight, and breathing fresh air feel good. As a doctor I can tell you they are also good for your heart.
Studies have found higher rates of high blood pressure among people with the lowest sun exposure. One reason may be due to nitric oxide(一氧化氮), a gas whose fun_ction is activated when your skin is exposed to the sun’s rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks. Vitamin D, which sunlight helps your body produce, is also linked to better health. So walk outdoors for 15 to 30 minutes daily.
In Japan, walking through forests to keep healthy has become a popular practice. Apparently they want to enjoy the fresh air. But research on 280 volunteers found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area.
One of the consequences of modern society is that rarely is our body in direct contact with the ground. The earth has an electrical current. Direct contact with it may be stabilizing force for good health. Although“earthing”or “grounding” is considered alternative by mainstream medicine, research shows that the practice seems to be able to reduce heart disease risks.
So, walk around barefoot wherever possible, let your backyard grass tickle your feet, and dig your toes into sandy beaches.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者通过叙述自己的经历、感受和一些研究发现，告诉人们户外活动有益于心脏。
4．The first paragraph is meant to ________．
A．show the author likes the song very much
B．put forward the argument of the passage
C．suggest that the author loves nature crazily
D．indicate the author is a Michigan native
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知，作者写这段的目的是提出文章的论点。
5．Sunbathing’s good for heart because ________．
A．the sun’s rays make nitric oxide work
B．sunlight can help people keep warm
C．the sun’s rays can help replace vitamin D
D．vitamin D reduces blood circulation
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One reason may be due to nitric oxide(一氧化氮), a gas whose fun_ction is activated when your skin is exposed to the sun’s rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks.”描述可推知，日光浴对心脏有好处是因为阳光能使一氧化氮工作。
6．It’s believed that walking through forests can ________．
A．make people popular B．help breathe in fresh air
C．reduce blood pressure D．help escape noisy cities
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“But research on 280 volunteers found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area.”描述可知，人们普遍认为在森林散步可以降低血压。
7．The best title of the passage should be ________．
A．Nitric Oxide Has Magic Functions
B．Walking Barefoot Builds the Body
C．Sunbathing Is Good for Health
D．Outdoor Activities Benefit the Heart
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Walking barefoot...for your heart.”及最后一段可知，这篇文章的主旨是户外活动有益于心脏。
C
“We all know that exercise is good for us, but can you get the benefits without actually doing the exercise？”asks Michael Mosley.
Having a hot bath or a sauna is a good way to soothe your arms and legs after exercise, but what happens if you do it instead of exercise? Dr. Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experiment comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard cycling.
For this study I join a group of volunteers who have all been fitted with monitors which continuously record blood sugar levels. Keeping your blood sugar level within the normal range is an important measure of your “metabolic”fitness.
The first part of the experiment is very relaxing, consisting of having a long, hot bath. While I sit in the bath, which they keep at 40℃， Steve closely monitors my core temperature. Once it has risen and stayed there, I am allowed out.
A couple of hours after my bath I have a light meal. Since we want to see how having a hot bath compares with exercise, we repeat the experiment.
So what’s the result?
“One of the first things that we were looking at，”Steve says, “is the energy expenditure(消耗) while you’re in the hot bath and what we found was an 80% increase in energy expenditure just as a result of sitting in the bath for the course of an hour.”
This is nothing like as many calories as cycling for an hour(which comes out at an average of 630 calories), but we do burn 140 calories, the equivalent of a brisk 30-minute walk.
【解题导语】 实验发现，一个小时的热水浴虽然没有骑一个小时自行车所消耗的热量多，但其所消耗的热量相当于半个小时的快步走所消耗的热量。
8．What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A．Exercise. B．Strengthen.
C．Relax. D．Build up.
C 解析：词义猜测题。结合该句内容和常识可知，在锻炼时，我们的腿和手臂肌肉比较紧张，洗热水澡或桑拿浴可以使这些部位的肌肉得到放松。故选C。
9．What is the purpose of the experiment?
A．To compare energy expenditure of hot bath and cycling.
B．To tell people how to lose weight.
C．To show the benefit of hot bath.
D．To encourage people to have a hot bath instead of cycling.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Dr. Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experiment comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard cycling.”可知，做这个实验的目的是把洗热水澡和骑自行车的能量消耗的情况进行对比。故选A。
10．What does normal blood sugar level mean?
A．It means you are healthy.
B．It means your temperature is normal.
C．It means you don’t need exercise.
D．It means your metabolic system is normal.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Keeping your blood sugar level within the normal range is an important measure of your ‘metabolic’ fitness.”可知，保持正常范围内的血糖水平是代谢健康的一个重要衡量标准。据此可知，正常的代谢系统与正常的血糖水平有关。故选D。
11．If you want to burn 600 calories, what can you do?
A．Have a hot bath for one hour.
B．Cycle for one hour.
C．Have a brisk 60-minute walk.
D．Have a brisk 30-minute walk.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，如果要消耗600卡路里，应骑一个小时自行车。故选B。
七选五
Everyone has someone who’s wronged them in one way or another. Yet forgiveness is something you can achieve as long as you take the following steps.
Decide you want to choose forgiveness.
The first step toward achieving forgiveness is to decide it’s something you actually want to do, not something someone has pressured you into trying. 1.________ Also forgiveness doesn’t mean excusing or forgetting an injustice, or returning to a relationship that’s harmful.
2．________
It’s kind of a checklist: How are you doing in terms of your anger? How have you been denying it? Are you angrier than you thought you would be? 3.________ Tiredness is the most common physical complaint, as is a pessimistic worldview—believing no one can be trusted or that everyone is only out for themselves. Once you look at those effects, the question becomes: Do you want to heal?
Commit to forgiveness.
Once you have completed stage two and seen how the effects of your anger have made you unhappy, there’s a tendency to give this a try. In this stage, it’s important to commit yourself to doing no harm toward the person you’re trying to forgive. That doesn’t mean being good to them. 4.________
Consider the other person’s wounds.
The goal is to finally feel sympathy for the other person, but don’t start there. 5.________ How was that person hurt in life? How were they treated unjustly? Were they so wounded that they wounded you? You don’t do this to excuse their actions, but to see a scared person, maybe a confused person, someone who is not always right and all-powerful.
A．Make a list.
B．Uncover your anger.
C．Instead, think about them in a new way.
D．It just means you don’t do anything negative.
E．People should not be forced into forgiving.
F．What are the physical consequences of your anger?
G．On the contrary, be committed to your own happiness.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了达到谅解的四个步骤。
1．E 解析：根据空前的“not something someone has pressured you into trying”及选项E “People should not be forced into forgiving.”可知答案。pressure sb. into doing与be forced into doing是近义短语。
2．B 解析：本空是段落小标题，其他小标题都是祈使句，故可推知本空也应填一个祈使句，所以只有A、B、C和G项满足这个条件。该段通过几个连续的问题对“your anger”进行了剖析，即要“找出你的愤怒”，故选B项。
3．F 解析：根据下文中的“Tiredness is the most common physical complaint”及选项F“What are the physical consequences of your anger？”可知，physical是重复出现的词，F项放在本空中，前后语义也是连贯的，所以选F。
4．D 解析：空前的“That doesn’t mean being good to them.”和选项D“It just means you don’t do anything negative.”语意连贯，故选D项。
5．C 解析：上文提到“The goal is...don’t start there.”，可知本空应该是正确的开始，即用一种新的方式来思考这些人(Instead, think about them in a new way.)，空后进一步提示如何去思考。
课件58张PPT。Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorsUnit 5 Meeting your ancestorsUnit 5 Meeting your ancestorsUnit 5 Meeting your ancestorsUnit 5 Meeting your ancestorsUnit 5 Meeting your ancestorsUnit 5 Meeting your ancestorsalternativeregardlesscentimetreprimitivecategorybotanyaccuracyinterrupt sharpenmessyanalysis assumestarvationripen 确认；识别；鉴别考古学试探性的；不确定的席子；垫子被子；棉被野兽足够的；充足的；富裕的海贝壳有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的compare...with...show sb. roundregardless ofat mostcut upbe aware ofcome to a conclusiondiffer fromIt is a great pleasure to meet you students from EnglandWhat else do you thinkas the botanical analyses have shown usThat’s why 本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
阅读理解
A
Antarctic seabirds are breeding(繁殖) later，because thinner sea ice is causing their food supplies to decline，a new study says. The birds，which nest in East Antarctica，have delayed their spring arrival by an average of nine days and egg-laying by an average of two days over the past 50 years，according to polar researchers from the French National Center for Scientific Research in Villiers en Bois, France. Study authors Christophe Barbrand and Henri Weimerskirch attribute this later breeding activity to decrease in sea ice caused by climate change.
The researchers say the disappearing sea ice，combined with a longer sea-ice season, has interfered with the birds’ breeding cycle by reducing the amount of krill(磷虾) and other prey(猎物) available in early spring in Antarctica. Because Antarctica’s seasons are opposite those in the Northern Hemisphere，spring on the icy continent begins in October.
The study is based on data collected at seabird colonies between 1950 and 2004 in Adélie Land, on the eastern edge of the frozen continent.
The findings were published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Of the nine species studied, some arrived up to 30 days later than they had in previous years.
Despite much later arrivals, the birds are laying their eggs at pretty much the same time as they had in the past. In the most extreme cases, birds were laying their eggs an average of 3.7 days later in the season than they were 50 years ago.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了生活在南极洲东部的海鸟推迟繁殖的原因。
1．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Seabirds are breeding later in East Antarctica.
B．The amount of krill in the ocean has decreased.
C．The weather in Antarctica has changed.
D．The spring in Antarctica is beginning later.
A 解析：主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章主要介绍的是现在生活在南极洲东部的海鸟的繁殖期由于气候变化而延后。
2．In which of the following months is it autumn in Antarctica?
A．October. B．September.
C．November. D．June.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句可推知南极6月应是秋天。
3．What does the underlined word “attribute” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．It means “contribute”. B．It means “cause”．
C．It means “owe”. D．It means “devote”．
C 解析：词义猜测题。研究者认为这种推迟的生育行为是由于气候变化导致的海冰减少而引起的。attribute...to...“把……归因于……”，C项与之相符。
B
Whenever I hear a recording of John Denver singing “Sunshine on My Shoulders”， I find myself smiling, drawn to a love of the sun and the outdoors I’ve had for years as a Michigan native. Walking barefoot to the lake, playing without shirts in the sunlight, and breathing fresh air feel good. As a doctor I can tell you they are also good for your heart.
Studies have found higher rates of high blood pressure among people with the lowest sun exposure. One reason may be due to nitric oxide(一氧化氮), a gas whose fun_ction is activated when your skin is exposed to the sun’s rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks. Vitamin D, which sunlight helps your body produce, is also linked to better health. So walk outdoors for 15 to 30 minutes daily.
In Japan, walking through forests to keep healthy has become a popular practice. Apparently they want to enjoy the fresh air. But research on 280 volunteers found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area.
One of the consequences of modern society is that rarely is our body in direct contact with the ground. The earth has an electrical current. Direct contact with it may be stabilizing force for good health. Although“earthing”or “grounding” is considered alternative by mainstream medicine, research shows that the practice seems to be able to reduce heart disease risks.
So, walk around barefoot wherever possible, let your backyard grass tickle your feet, and dig your toes into sandy beaches.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者通过叙述自己的经历、感受和一些研究发现，告诉人们户外活动有益于心脏。
4．The first paragraph is meant to ________．
A．show the author likes the song very much
B．put forward the argument of the passage
C．suggest that the author loves nature crazily
D．indicate the author is a Michigan native
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的描述可知，作者写这段的目的是提出文章的论点。
5．Sunbathing’s good for heart because ________．
A．the sun’s rays make nitric oxide work
B．sunlight can help people keep warm
C．the sun’s rays can help replace vitamin D
D．vitamin D reduces blood circulation
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“One reason may be due to nitric oxide(一氧化氮), a gas whose fun_ction is activated when your skin is exposed to the sun’s rays. It reduces both heart attack and stroke risks.”描述可推知，日光浴对心脏有好处是因为阳光能使一氧化氮工作。
6．It’s believed that walking through forests can ________．
A．make people popular B．help breathe in fresh air
C．reduce blood pressure D．help escape noisy cities
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“But research on 280 volunteers found that people had a reduced heart rate, and lower blood pressure when they walked through a forest than when they spent time in an urban area.”描述可知，人们普遍认为在森林散步可以降低血压。
7．The best title of the passage should be ________．
A．Nitric Oxide Has Magic Functions
B．Walking Barefoot Builds the Body
C．Sunbathing Is Good for Health
D．Outdoor Activities Benefit the Heart
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“Walking barefoot...for your heart.”及最后一段可知，这篇文章的主旨是户外活动有益于心脏。
C
“We all know that exercise is good for us, but can you get the benefits without actually doing the exercise？”asks Michael Mosley.
Having a hot bath or a sauna is a good way to soothe your arms and legs after exercise, but what happens if you do it instead of exercise? Dr. Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experiment comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard cycling.
For this study I join a group of volunteers who have all been fitted with monitors which continuously record blood sugar levels. Keeping your blood sugar level within the normal range is an important measure of your “metabolic”fitness.
The first part of the experiment is very relaxing, consisting of having a long, hot bath. While I sit in the bath, which they keep at 40℃， Steve closely monitors my core temperature. Once it has risen and stayed there, I am allowed out.
A couple of hours after my bath I have a light meal. Since we want to see how having a hot bath compares with exercise, we repeat the experiment.
So what’s the result?
“One of the first things that we were looking at，”Steve says, “is the energy expenditure(消耗) while you’re in the hot bath and what we found was an 80% increase in energy expenditure just as a result of sitting in the bath for the course of an hour.”
This is nothing like as many calories as cycling for an hour(which comes out at an average of 630 calories), but we do burn 140 calories, the equivalent of a brisk 30-minute walk.
【解题导语】 实验发现，一个小时的热水浴虽然没有骑一个小时自行车所消耗的热量多，但其所消耗的热量相当于半个小时的快步走所消耗的热量。
8．What is the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A．Exercise. B．Strengthen.
C．Relax. D．Build up.
C 解析：词义猜测题。结合该句内容和常识可知，在锻炼时，我们的腿和手臂肌肉比较紧张，洗热水澡或桑拿浴可以使这些部位的肌肉得到放松。故选C。
9．What is the purpose of the experiment?
A．To compare energy expenditure of hot bath and cycling.
B．To tell people how to lose weight.
C．To show the benefit of hot bath.
D．To encourage people to have a hot bath instead of cycling.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Dr. Steve Faulkner of Loughborough University asked me to take part in an experiment comparing the relative benefits of having a long, hot bath versus an hour of hard cycling.”可知，做这个实验的目的是把洗热水澡和骑自行车的能量消耗的情况进行对比。故选A。
10．What does normal blood sugar level mean?
A．It means you are healthy.
B．It means your temperature is normal.
C．It means you don’t need exercise.
D．It means your metabolic system is normal.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Keeping your blood sugar level within the normal range is an important measure of your ‘metabolic’ fitness.”可知，保持正常范围内的血糖水平是代谢健康的一个重要衡量标准。据此可知，正常的代谢系统与正常的血糖水平有关。故选D。
11．If you want to burn 600 calories, what can you do?
A．Have a hot bath for one hour.
B．Cycle for one hour.
C．Have a brisk 60-minute walk.
D．Have a brisk 30-minute walk.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，如果要消耗600卡路里，应骑一个小时自行车。故选B。
七选五
Everyone has someone who’s wronged them in one way or another. Yet forgiveness is something you can achieve as long as you take the following steps.
Decide you want to choose forgiveness.
The first step toward achieving forgiveness is to decide it’s something you actually want to do, not something someone has pressured you into trying. 1.________ Also forgiveness doesn’t mean excusing or forgetting an injustice, or returning to a relationship that’s harmful.
2．________
It’s kind of a checklist: How are you doing in terms of your anger? How have you been denying it? Are you angrier than you thought you would be? 3.________ Tiredness is the most common physical complaint, as is a pessimistic worldview—believing no one can be trusted or that everyone is only out for themselves. Once you look at those effects, the question becomes: Do you want to heal?
Commit to forgiveness.
Once you have completed stage two and seen how the effects of your anger have made you unhappy, there’s a tendency to give this a try. In this stage, it’s important to commit yourself to doing no harm toward the person you’re trying to forgive. That doesn’t mean being good to them. 4.________
Consider the other person’s wounds.
The goal is to finally feel sympathy for the other person, but don’t start there. 5.________ How was that person hurt in life? How were they treated unjustly? Were they so wounded that they wounded you? You don’t do this to excuse their actions, but to see a scared person, maybe a confused person, someone who is not always right and all-powerful.
A．Make a list.
B．Uncover your anger.
C．Instead, think about them in a new way.
D．It just means you don’t do anything negative.
E．People should not be forced into forgiving.
F．What are the physical consequences of your anger?
G．On the contrary, be committed to your own happiness.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了达到谅解的四个步骤。
1．E 解析：根据空前的“not something someone has pressured you into trying”及选项E “People should not be forced into forgiving.”可知答案。pressure sb. into doing与be forced into doing是近义短语。
2．B 解析：本空是段落小标题，其他小标题都是祈使句，故可推知本空也应填一个祈使句，所以只有A、B、C和G项满足这个条件。该段通过几个连续的问题对“your anger”进行了剖析，即要“找出你的愤怒”，故选B项。
3．F 解析：根据下文中的“Tiredness is the most common physical complaint”及选项F“What are the physical consequences of your anger？”可知，physical是重复出现的词，F项放在本空中，前后语义也是连贯的，所以选F。
4．D 解析：空前的“That doesn’t mean being good to them.”和选项D“It just means you don’t do anything negative.”语意连贯，故选D项。
5．C 解析：上文提到“The goal is...don’t start there.”，可知本空应该是正确的开始，即用一种新的方式来思考这些人(Instead, think about them in a new way.)，空后进一步提示如何去思考。
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
alternative n．可能的选择
adj.供选择的；其他的
(教材P37)Can you think of the alternatives we would use today？ 你能想到我们今天可以利用的选择吗？
(1)have no alternative but to do sth.
别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to... ……的替代品
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地
①I’m afraid I have no alternative but to wait until my parents finally agree to my plan.
恐怕我别无选择，只好等待父母最终同意我的计划。
②The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road. 这条路被挡住了，因此我们走了另一条路。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The manager said that they had an alternative plan if the plan they had put forward was not accepted.
②It was so serious a matter that I had no alternative but to__call(call) the police.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)We have no choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it.
(高级表达)We have no__alternative__but to face failure bravely and learn from it.
interrupt vt.&vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
(教材P38)I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here?
很抱歉，打断了你的讲话。但是他们怎么会住在这个地方呢？
(1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.)
(因某事)打断某人/某事
be interrupted by 被……打断
(2)interruption n. 打扰；插嘴；打岔；阻断物
without interruption 连续地；不断地
①Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
②It is not polite to interrupt a speaker with frequent questions.
通过不断提问来打断演讲者是不礼貌的。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①They were__interrupted(interrupt) by a sudden and urgent knock at the door.
②Let’s go somewhere where we can talk without interruption(interrupt)．
assume vt.假定；设想
(教材P38)So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold.
因此，我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
(1)assume sb./sth. to be... 假定/假设某人/某事为……
It is assumed that... 据认为……
(2)assumption n. 假定；假设
make an assumption 认为；假定
①We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.
我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。
②It is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.
据说全球变暖和气候的变化将来会导致更多的灾难。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It is generally assumed(assume) that stress is caused by too much work.
②Assuming(assume) that I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.
③This is based on the assumption(assume) that science is universal, objective and reliable.
regardless of 不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)
(经典例句)You will hurt others if you say what you think, regardless of other people’s feelings.
如果你想到什么就说什么，不顾别人的感受，你就会伤害他人。
(1)regardless of the fact that ... 不顾……的事实
(2)in spite of ＝despite 尽管；不顾
①They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was raining. 尽管天在下雨，他们还是继续工作。
②(2019·天津卷)In spite of all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
尽管存在各种问题，但是其中的一些选手还是表现出色。
[能力提升]——微写作
我们的俱乐部对任何人开放，不管年龄、性别或教育背景。
Our club is open to everyone regardless__of age, sex or educational background.
cut up 切碎；使伤心，使难受
(教材P38)It seems that they used the sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skin.
看样子他们用磨得锋利的石器来切割动物并剥皮。
cut down 砍倒；削减
cut in 插嘴；超车抢道
cut off 停止(供应)；切掉；与外界隔绝
cut through 轻松通过；穿透
cut out 割掉；剪下
①My mother was cutting up the meat for making dumplings when I got home.
当我到家时我的妈妈正在切肉包水饺。
②He was really cut up when all his friends refused to help him. 当所有的朋友都拒绝帮助他时，他非常难过。
[即学即练]——用cut的相关短语填空
①As far as I’m concerned, you’d better cut__down on smoking.
②This is the third time that the electricity has been cut__off this week.
③It is impolite for children to cut__in when their seniors are talking.
④Cut__up the carrots before you put them into the pot.
It is a great pleasure to do sth.很高兴做某事
(教材P38)It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology. 很高兴见到你们这些来自英国并且对考古学感兴趣的学生。
It is/was＋n./adj.＋to do sth./that 从句 做某事是……
①It is a great pleasure to see the new film with my best friend.
与我最好的朋友一起看这部新电影是令人快乐的事。
②It’s my great privilege to be here, sharing this moment with our friends from the Great Britain.
与来自英国的朋友共度此刻是我的莫大荣幸。
③It is a good idea to travel with a good friend, which will reduce your travelling expenses.
与好朋友一起旅行是个好主意，这能减少旅行的费用。
[能力提升]——微写作
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)非常荣幸代表我们学校邀请你看一部名叫Growing Together的英文短片。
It__is__a__great__honor__to__be here on behalf of our school to inform you that we’ll invite you to see an English short film named Growing Together.
as引导非限制性定语从句
(教材P39)Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
是的，很对。正如植物学的分析(结果)告诉我们的那样，这儿周围的所有田地曾经是一个很大的浅水湖的一部分。
(1)句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指后面句子的内容。
(2)as引导的非限制性定语从句常译作“正如……那样”。
①As he often puts it, university education determines one’s future.
正如他常说的那样，大学教育决定一个人的命运。
②He won the Best Actor at the film festival this year, as we had expected.
正如我们所预料的那样，他在今年的电影节上获得了最佳男演员奖。
[即学即练]——as与which对比填空
①As is often the case, he was late for class again.
②The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Bear in mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time, which is of great significance to show your politeness.
品句填词
1．I’m afraid I have no alternative(可能的选择) but to ask you to leave.
2．It’s well known that dogs have an acute(灵敏的，敏锐的) sense of smell.
3．There is ample(充足的) evidence that climate patterns are changing.
4．Primitive(原始的) humans needed to be able to react like this to escape from dangerous animals.
5．As the work tends to be a bit messy(凌乱的) you’ll need to wear old clothes.
6．A lot of people make the assumption(假设) that poverty only exists in the third world.
7．It is impossible to say with any accuracy(准确) how many companies have been affected by the economic crisis.
8．Several new botanical(植物的) species have been discovered in the past years.
9．Millions are threatened by starvation(饥饿) and disease each year.
10．A saying tells us that a workman must sharpen(使锋利) his tools if he is to do his work well.
单句改错
1．The man had no alternative but hand in all stolen goods.在hand前加to
2．The country’s economic rise is amazing, which has been widely reported.which→as
3．I’m very sorry to interrupt with you，but I have something very important to tell you.去掉with
4．They had a wonderful picnic, regardless the bad weather.在regardless后加of
5．She doesn’t know how to tidy up the mess room.mess→messy
完成句子
1．人们认为抽烟与肺癌有直接的关系。
It__is__assumed__that there is a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
2．正如我们多次强调的那样，为人民服务是我们的第一宗旨。
As__we__have__stressed__many__times,__“serve the people” is our first policy.
3．房间里没有灯光，他们肯定已经上床睡觉了。
There’s no light in the room. They must__have__gone__to__bed．
4．在这么炎热的天气里，喝杯冷饮真是一件令人愉快的事。
It__is__a__pleasure to have a cool drink in such hot weather.
5．不管公司发生什么事，随时通知他是非常重要的。
It is important to keep him informed regardless__of__what__happens to the company.
课文语法填空
An archaeologist is showing a group of students from England around the Zhoukoudian caves, 1.where some of the earliest people lived.
First the archaeologist describes how early people lived in the caves. They made fires 2.to__keep(keep) them warm, cook the food 3.and scare wild beasts away as well. They might have kept the fire 4.burning(burn) all winter and hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the 5.freezing(freeze) winter. Tigers and bears were their most dangerous 6.enemies(enemy)．
Then the archaeologist shows the students 7.a picture of a sewing needle. He also explains how early people cut animal skins and 8.sewed(sew) the pieces together 9.to__make(make) their own clothes.
Last of all, the archaeologist shows them a primitive necklace. At that time early people cared about their 10.appearance(appear) and perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys.
单句语法填空
1．Many people in Sudan are still in danger of death from starvation(starve)．
2．Henry hurt his finger badly while sharpening(sharp) his pencil.
3．I have been so busy that I have no time to clean the messy(mess) room.
4．Assuming(assume) that we can’t get the necessary equipment, we will have to give it up.
5．She has kept up physical training for several years without interruption(interrupt)．
6．It is an important centre for botanical(botany) research.
7．They questioned the accuracy(accurate) of the information in the file.
8．The children are anxiously waiting for the apples to ripen(ripe)．
9．The manager gave a brief analysis(analyse) of the present economic situation.
10．His angry expression suggested he disagreed(agree) with the decision.
阅读理解
A recent study showed that Dutch teens are the happiest in the world. The study surveyed 48 countries that represented nearly 7，000 teenagers. The survey asked a range of questions about body image(形象), life satisfaction, and school environment.
Out of the 48 countries, the US was fairly low on the list for teens’ happiness. America has experienced an increase in depression rates. So, what exactly makes Dutch teens happier and less anxious about life?
“I think Dutch children have generally positive reactions from their families and schools，” said Dr. Simone de Roos, a researcher. “They have a supportive environment at home, with friends and also at school. Dutch parents give a lot of support and have mild control. There’s a very good climate, teachers accept the feelings of pupils, and pupils trust teachers.”
The study also shows that Dutch teens’ daily habits have a huge effect on their overall health. According to the report, Dutch teens are five times more likely to eat breakfast during the week and have kinder classmates. Dutch teens are less likely to experience bullying(欺凌) and reported fewer rates of obesity. Prof. Ruut Veenhoven, director of World Happiness Day, said that across Europe young people do not feel anxious about living up to high expectations.
“If you look across Europe, the Dutch and the Danes are the most generous and they prefer to have their children develop self-independence rather than force them to obey others，” he said. “Children have more freedom to do what they want, and in doing what they want, they develop an idea of what they really like as well as social skills. A happy boy may be sometimes not a very good boy.”
Actually, there are many more benefits to a Dutch childhood: they have comparatively little homework in school and experience regular family meals. Dutch kids are also more likely to be educated than their parents, and grow up in one of the most peaceful countries in the world. Maybe it’s time the US took a page out of the Netherlands’playbook.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。一项研究表明：荷兰青少年是全世界最幸福的，原因有许多：如良好的家庭氛围、学校氛围等。
1．What do we know about American teens?
A．They are satisfied with their school life.
B．They are the most active in the study.
C．They feel less happy than Dutch teens.
D．They have scored lower than others.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的A recent study showed that Dutch teens are the happiest in the world.和第二段中的Out of the 48 countries, the US was fairly low on the list for teens’ happiness.可知，美国青少年的幸福感排名比荷兰青少年低得多。
2．What accounts for Dutch teens’ happiness according to Dr. Simone de Roos?
A．Good social surroundings.
B．Their positive attitudes.
C．Comfortable living conditions.
D．Their good body images.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的I think Dutch children have generally positive reactions from their families and schools以及They have a supportive environment at home ...pupils trust teachers.可知，荷兰的孩子们受到家庭和学校的支持，他们拥有良好的社会环境。
3．How is a Dutch teen’s childhood?
A．Ambitious. B．Dependent.
C．Creative. D．Free.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Children have more freedom to do what they want, and in doing what they want, they develop an idea of what they really like as well as social skills.可知，荷兰孩子拥有宽松自由的童年。
4．What are American parents advised to do?
A．Learn from the Dutch.
B．Play together with kids.
C．Develop teens’ social skills.
D．Guide kids to live a happy life.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Maybe it’s time the US took a page out of the Netherlands’ playbook.可知，作者建议美国人要向荷兰人学习，给孩子的成长提供良好的氛围。
完形填空
From childhood，Moira loved to write. Throughout school she__1__writing，but pursuing(追求) it__2__was never a possibility. Her father was a doctor, and her mother was a nurse.“Medicine was a fairly__3__choice，” Moira says, “and writing was a career where it wasn’t a__4__that you’d have high income.”
She became a doctor but still wanted to write something. However, being a doctor was so__5__that she didn’t take up writing until her thirties.She__6__a novel—a fictionalized version of her travel in China after university.She got excellent__7__．Moira sent it off to as many agents as she could find, and found one who wanted to__8__her.Suddenly, it seemed she was on her__9__as an author.
“I had one lengthy phone call with the agent where we__10__all possible areas that she thought needed__11__．I worked on those and sent it back to her but didn’t hear anything.”It wasn’t long__12__Moira found another agent who was__13__if she was willing to rewrite it from the first person to the third person.She did the hard work and sent it off again.“I got back a really brief letter：‘Thank you，I’m no longer interested.’It was really__14__．”
A decade went by, and Moira found herself eager to write again, this time__15__for her own enjoyment.She__16__herself the challenge of creating a thriller and chose Western Australia as her setting.
As she was writing just for herself，something surprising began to happen.“The characters__17__a life of their own；they started doing things I hadn’t thought about.It just__18__．”One day，an agent called from Australia.Three weeks later, Moira had a publication deal.Her novel，Cicada, was published in March.
“__19__it hadn’t been published I still gained so much from the__20__，”says Moira.
【解题导语】 本文通过Moira爱好写作并坚持写作的故事告诉我们：每个人都要为实现自己的梦想而去努力尝试，只有经历过才能够有所得，在追求的过程中不要过于担心结果，只有这样才能成功。
1．A.learnt B．avoided
C．considered D．enjoyed
D 解析：根据首句“From childhood，Moira loved to write.”可知，从童年开始，Moira就爱好写作；由此推断，在上学期间，她仍然喜欢(enjoyed)写作。
2．A.actively B．professionally
C．energetically D．permanently
B 解析：根据生活常识及该句中的关键词“never a possibility”可知，把写作当作职业来追求几乎是不可能的。actively“积极地”；professionally“作为职业”；energetically“精力充沛地”；permanently“永久地”。
3．A.influential B．clear
C．terrible D．safe
D 解析：根据空处前一句“Her father was a doctor, and her mother was a nurse.”可知，她的父母会给予她医学方面很多的帮助，所以Moira认为医学是一个十分安全的(safe)选择。
4．A.dream B．purpose
C．choice D．certainty
D 解析：根据空后的“you’d have high income”可知，Moira也认为写作是一个不一定能带来高收入的职业。certainty“确定的事”，符合语境，所以选项D正确。
5．A.promising B．discouraging
C．demanding D．interesting
C 解析：根据空后的“she didn’t take up writing until her thirties”可知，医生是一个要求很高的职业，因此她直到三十多岁才开始写作。promising“有希望的，有前途的”；discouraging“使人泄气的”；demanding“苛刻的，要求高的”；interesting“有趣的”。所以选项C正确。
6．A.produced B．introduced
C．bought D．received
A 解析：根据语境可知，她以大学毕业后在中国的旅游经历为背景创作了一本小说。produce“创作，生产，产生”；introduce“介绍”；buy“买”；receive“收到”。所以选项A正确。
7．A.rewards B．readers
C．reviews D．praises
C 解析：根据该段最后一句“Suddenly, it seemed she was on her ______ as an author.”可以判断，这部小说写出来后，她得到了极好的评论。reward“报酬”；reader“读者”；review“评论”；praise“赞扬”。所以选项C正确。
8．A.employ B．represent
C．trust D．guide
B 解析：根据语境可知，在众多的代理人中有一个人愿意代理出版这本小说。employ“雇用，使用”；represent“代表，代理”；trust“信任”；guide“指导”。所以选项B正确。
9．A.own B．feet
C．way D．business
C 解析：根据语境可知，她似乎突然就要成为作家了。on one’s way“即将到达或发生”，所以选项C正确。
10．A.took off B．went through
C．pulled down D．came over
B 解析：根据语境可知，Moira在电话中与代理人就小说中所有代理人认为需要润色(polishing)的地方进行了仔细琢磨(went through)。take off“脱下，起飞”；go through“仔细察看，仔细琢磨”；pull down“拆毁，推翻”；come over“过来，来访”。所以选项B正确。
11．A.deleting B．adapting
C．polishing D．covering
C 解析：参见上题解析。delete“删除”；adapt“适应，改编”；polish“修改，润色”；cover“覆盖，报道”。所以选项C正确。
12．A.before B．after
C．since D．when
A 解析：根据上文中的“sent it back to her but didn’t hear anything”可知，Moira重新把小说发给代理人但是没有收到任何回复，不久之后Moira找到了另外一个代理人。句型It wasn’t long before...意思是“不久之后……”。所以选项A正确。
13．A.fascinated B．interested
C．anxious D．amused
B 解析：根据下文中的“I’m no longer interested”可知，此处指这位代理人对她的书不感兴趣。fascinated“入迷的”；interested“感兴趣的”；anxious“焦急的，忧虑的”；amused“逗笑的”。所以选项B正确。
14．A.common B．absurd
C．terrifying D．disappointing
D 解析：从两位代理人的态度可知，Moira这两次都以失败告终，所以这件事情肯定令她感到失望。common“普遍的”；absurd“荒谬的”；terrifying“令人恐惧的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。所以选项D正确。
15．A.purely B．wonderfully
C．instantly D．sadly
A 解析：根据该句中的“found herself eager to write again...own enjoyment”可知，她发现自己渴望再次写作，而这次写作仅仅(purely)是为了个人乐趣。purely“仅仅，纯粹地”；wonderfully“非常好，非常”；instantly“立即”；sadly“悲伤地”。所以选项A正确。
16．A.set B．found
C．made D．permitted
A 解析：根据语境可知，Moira向自己提出(set) 了一个挑战，写一部惊险小说。find“发现”；make“制作；制造”；permit“允许，许可”。所以选项A正确。
17．A.put up B．took on
C．went over D．got down
B 解析：根据该句“The characters ______ a life of their own；they started doing things I hadn’t thought about.”可知，小说中的人物开始具有(took on) 他们自己的生活。put up“建造，张贴”；take on“开始具有(某种特征、面貌等)”；go over“仔细检查”；get down“下来，取下”。所以选项B正确。
18．A.flew B．flashed
C．broke D．survived
A 解析：根据下文可知，Moira的书得到了一位澳大利亚代理人的关注并顺利出版；据此可以推断，这部小说成功了。fly“成功”。所以选项A正确。
19．A.Ever since B．As if
C．If only D．Even if
D 解析：根据语境可推断出，即使(Even if)这部小说没有出版，Moira仍然在这个过程(process)中得到许多。ever since“自从”；as if“好像，似乎”；if only“要是……就好了”；even if“即使，尽管”。所以选项D正确。
20．A.adventure B．practice
C．process D．result
C 解析：参见上题解析。adventure“冒险”；practice“实践”；process“过程”；result“结果”。所以选项C正确。
短文改错
My father likes fishing. He always goes fishing with his friends in the autumn, where the fish have grown up. It is the best season to go fishing. One day, he took me to fish, either. First, we choose a good place. Then my father helped myself to put an earthworm onto the fishhook. After throwing the fishhook into the river, I waited for the long time. Suddenly, I saw the float sinking. I was exciting to pull it out, only to find half of the earthworms left. The fish played a trick on to me. I was angry. But my father asked me to patient. Following his advice, I caught a big fish eventual.
答案：
My father likes fishing. He always goes fishing with his friends in the autumn, the fish have grown up. It is the best season to go fishing. One day, he took me to fish, . First, we a good place. Then my father helped to put an earthworm onto the fishhook. After throwing the fishhook into the river, I waited for long time. Suddenly, I saw the float sinking. I was to pull it out, only to find half of the left. The fish played a trick on me. I was angry. But my father asked me to patient. Following his advice, I caught a big fish .
课件22张PPT。Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorsanto callalternativewere interruptedinterruptionassumedAssumingassumptionregardless of cut downcut off cut inCut up It is a great honor to be As aswhich 本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．I’m afraid I have no alternative(可能的选择) but to ask you to leave.
2．It’s well known that dogs have an acute(灵敏的，敏锐的) sense of smell.
3．There is ample(充足的) evidence that climate patterns are changing.
4．Primitive(原始的) humans needed to be able to react like this to escape from dangerous animals.
5．As the work tends to be a bit messy(凌乱的) you’ll need to wear old clothes.
6．A lot of people make the assumption(假设) that poverty only exists in the third world.
7．It is impossible to say with any accuracy(准确) how many companies have been affected by the economic crisis.
8．Several new botanical(植物的) species have been discovered in the past years.
9．Millions are threatened by starvation(饥饿) and disease each year.
10．A saying tells us that a workman must sharpen(使锋利) his tools if he is to do his work well.
单句改错
1．The man had no alternative but hand in all stolen goods.在hand前加to
2．The country’s economic rise is amazing, which has been widely reported.which→as
3．I’m very sorry to interrupt with you，but I have something very important to tell you.去掉with
4．They had a wonderful picnic, regardless the bad weather.在regardless后加of
5．She doesn’t know how to tidy up the mess room.mess→messy
完成句子
1．人们认为抽烟与肺癌有直接的关系。
It__is__assumed__that there is a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
2．正如我们多次强调的那样，为人民服务是我们的第一宗旨。
As__we__have__stressed__many__times,__“serve the people” is our first policy.
3．房间里没有灯光，他们肯定已经上床睡觉了。
There’s no light in the room. They must__have__gone__to__bed．
4．在这么炎热的天气里，喝杯冷饮真是一件令人愉快的事。
It__is__a__pleasure to have a cool drink in such hot weather.
5．不管公司发生什么事，随时通知他是非常重要的。
It is important to keep him informed regardless__of__what__happens to the company.
课文语法填空
An archaeologist is showing a group of students from England around the Zhoukoudian caves, 1.where some of the earliest people lived.
First the archaeologist describes how early people lived in the caves. They made fires 2.to__keep(keep) them warm, cook the food 3.and scare wild beasts away as well. They might have kept the fire 4.burning(burn) all winter and hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold during the 5.freezing(freeze) winter. Tigers and bears were their most dangerous 6.enemies(enemy)．
Then the archaeologist shows the students 7.a picture of a sewing needle. He also explains how early people cut animal skins and 8.sewed(sew) the pieces together 9.to__make(make) their own clothes.
Last of all, the archaeologist shows them a primitive necklace. At that time early people cared about their 10.appearance(appear) and perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys.
单句语法填空
1．Many people in Sudan are still in danger of death from starvation(starve)．
2．Henry hurt his finger badly while sharpening(sharp) his pencil.
3．I have been so busy that I have no time to clean the messy(mess) room.
4．Assuming(assume) that we can’t get the necessary equipment, we will have to give it up.
5．She has kept up physical training for several years without interruption(interrupt)．
6．It is an important centre for botanical(botany) research.
7．They questioned the accuracy(accurate) of the information in the file.
8．The children are anxiously waiting for the apples to ripen(ripe)．
9．The manager gave a brief analysis(analyse) of the present economic situation.
10．His angry expression suggested he disagreed(agree) with the decision.
阅读理解
A recent study showed that Dutch teens are the happiest in the world. The study surveyed 48 countries that represented nearly 7，000 teenagers. The survey asked a range of questions about body image(形象), life satisfaction, and school environment.
Out of the 48 countries, the US was fairly low on the list for teens’ happiness. America has experienced an increase in depression rates. So, what exactly makes Dutch teens happier and less anxious about life?
“I think Dutch children have generally positive reactions from their families and schools，” said Dr. Simone de Roos, a researcher. “They have a supportive environment at home, with friends and also at school. Dutch parents give a lot of support and have mild control. There’s a very good climate, teachers accept the feelings of pupils, and pupils trust teachers.”
The study also shows that Dutch teens’ daily habits have a huge effect on their overall health. According to the report, Dutch teens are five times more likely to eat breakfast during the week and have kinder classmates. Dutch teens are less likely to experience bullying(欺凌) and reported fewer rates of obesity. Prof. Ruut Veenhoven, director of World Happiness Day, said that across Europe young people do not feel anxious about living up to high expectations.
“If you look across Europe, the Dutch and the Danes are the most generous and they prefer to have their children develop self-independence rather than force them to obey others，” he said. “Children have more freedom to do what they want, and in doing what they want, they develop an idea of what they really like as well as social skills. A happy boy may be sometimes not a very good boy.”
Actually, there are many more benefits to a Dutch childhood: they have comparatively little homework in school and experience regular family meals. Dutch kids are also more likely to be educated than their parents, and grow up in one of the most peaceful countries in the world. Maybe it’s time the US took a page out of the Netherlands’playbook.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。一项研究表明：荷兰青少年是全世界最幸福的，原因有许多：如良好的家庭氛围、学校氛围等。
1．What do we know about American teens?
A．They are satisfied with their school life.
B．They are the most active in the study.
C．They feel less happy than Dutch teens.
D．They have scored lower than others.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的A recent study showed that Dutch teens are the happiest in the world.和第二段中的Out of the 48 countries, the US was fairly low on the list for teens’ happiness.可知，美国青少年的幸福感排名比荷兰青少年低得多。
2．What accounts for Dutch teens’ happiness according to Dr. Simone de Roos?
A．Good social surroundings.
B．Their positive attitudes.
C．Comfortable living conditions.
D．Their good body images.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的I think Dutch children have generally positive reactions from their families and schools以及They have a supportive environment at home ...pupils trust teachers.可知，荷兰的孩子们受到家庭和学校的支持，他们拥有良好的社会环境。
3．How is a Dutch teen’s childhood?
A．Ambitious. B．Dependent.
C．Creative. D．Free.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Children have more freedom to do what they want, and in doing what they want, they develop an idea of what they really like as well as social skills.可知，荷兰孩子拥有宽松自由的童年。
4．What are American parents advised to do?
A．Learn from the Dutch.
B．Play together with kids.
C．Develop teens’ social skills.
D．Guide kids to live a happy life.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Maybe it’s time the US took a page out of the Netherlands’ playbook.可知，作者建议美国人要向荷兰人学习，给孩子的成长提供良好的氛围。
完形填空
From childhood，Moira loved to write. Throughout school she__1__writing，but pursuing(追求) it__2__was never a possibility. Her father was a doctor, and her mother was a nurse.“Medicine was a fairly__3__choice，” Moira says, “and writing was a career where it wasn’t a__4__that you’d have high income.”
She became a doctor but still wanted to write something. However, being a doctor was so__5__that she didn’t take up writing until her thirties.She__6__a novel—a fictionalized version of her travel in China after university.She got excellent__7__．Moira sent it off to as many agents as she could find, and found one who wanted to__8__her.Suddenly, it seemed she was on her__9__as an author.
“I had one lengthy phone call with the agent where we__10__all possible areas that she thought needed__11__．I worked on those and sent it back to her but didn’t hear anything.”It wasn’t long__12__Moira found another agent who was__13__if she was willing to rewrite it from the first person to the third person.She did the hard work and sent it off again.“I got back a really brief letter：‘Thank you，I’m no longer interested.’It was really__14__．”
A decade went by, and Moira found herself eager to write again, this time__15__for her own enjoyment.She__16__herself the challenge of creating a thriller and chose Western Australia as her setting.
As she was writing just for herself，something surprising began to happen.“The characters__17__a life of their own；they started doing things I hadn’t thought about.It just__18__．”One day，an agent called from Australia.Three weeks later, Moira had a publication deal.Her novel，Cicada, was published in March.
“__19__it hadn’t been published I still gained so much from the__20__，”says Moira.
【解题导语】 本文通过Moira爱好写作并坚持写作的故事告诉我们：每个人都要为实现自己的梦想而去努力尝试，只有经历过才能够有所得，在追求的过程中不要过于担心结果，只有这样才能成功。
1．A.learnt B．avoided
C．considered D．enjoyed
D 解析：根据首句“From childhood，Moira loved to write.”可知，从童年开始，Moira就爱好写作；由此推断，在上学期间，她仍然喜欢(enjoyed)写作。
2．A.actively B．professionally
C．energetically D．permanently
B 解析：根据生活常识及该句中的关键词“never a possibility”可知，把写作当作职业来追求几乎是不可能的。actively“积极地”；professionally“作为职业”；energetically“精力充沛地”；permanently“永久地”。
3．A.influential B．clear
C．terrible D．safe
D 解析：根据空处前一句“Her father was a doctor, and her mother was a nurse.”可知，她的父母会给予她医学方面很多的帮助，所以Moira认为医学是一个十分安全的(safe)选择。
4．A.dream B．purpose
C．choice D．certainty
D 解析：根据空后的“you’d have high income”可知，Moira也认为写作是一个不一定能带来高收入的职业。certainty“确定的事”，符合语境，所以选项D正确。
5．A.promising B．discouraging
C．demanding D．interesting
C 解析：根据空后的“she didn’t take up writing until her thirties”可知，医生是一个要求很高的职业，因此她直到三十多岁才开始写作。promising“有希望的，有前途的”；discouraging“使人泄气的”；demanding“苛刻的，要求高的”；interesting“有趣的”。所以选项C正确。
6．A.produced B．introduced
C．bought D．received
A 解析：根据语境可知，她以大学毕业后在中国的旅游经历为背景创作了一本小说。produce“创作，生产，产生”；introduce“介绍”；buy“买”；receive“收到”。所以选项A正确。
7．A.rewards B．readers
C．reviews D．praises
C 解析：根据该段最后一句“Suddenly, it seemed she was on her ______ as an author.”可以判断，这部小说写出来后，她得到了极好的评论。reward“报酬”；reader“读者”；review“评论”；praise“赞扬”。所以选项C正确。
8．A.employ B．represent
C．trust D．guide
B 解析：根据语境可知，在众多的代理人中有一个人愿意代理出版这本小说。employ“雇用，使用”；represent“代表，代理”；trust“信任”；guide“指导”。所以选项B正确。
9．A.own B．feet
C．way D．business
C 解析：根据语境可知，她似乎突然就要成为作家了。on one’s way“即将到达或发生”，所以选项C正确。
10．A.took off B．went through
C．pulled down D．came over
B 解析：根据语境可知，Moira在电话中与代理人就小说中所有代理人认为需要润色(polishing)的地方进行了仔细琢磨(went through)。take off“脱下，起飞”；go through“仔细察看，仔细琢磨”；pull down“拆毁，推翻”；come over“过来，来访”。所以选项B正确。
11．A.deleting B．adapting
C．polishing D．covering
C 解析：参见上题解析。delete“删除”；adapt“适应，改编”；polish“修改，润色”；cover“覆盖，报道”。所以选项C正确。
12．A.before B．after
C．since D．when
A 解析：根据上文中的“sent it back to her but didn’t hear anything”可知，Moira重新把小说发给代理人但是没有收到任何回复，不久之后Moira找到了另外一个代理人。句型It wasn’t long before...意思是“不久之后……”。所以选项A正确。
13．A.fascinated B．interested
C．anxious D．amused
B 解析：根据下文中的“I’m no longer interested”可知，此处指这位代理人对她的书不感兴趣。fascinated“入迷的”；interested“感兴趣的”；anxious“焦急的，忧虑的”；amused“逗笑的”。所以选项B正确。
14．A.common B．absurd
C．terrifying D．disappointing
D 解析：从两位代理人的态度可知，Moira这两次都以失败告终，所以这件事情肯定令她感到失望。common“普遍的”；absurd“荒谬的”；terrifying“令人恐惧的”；disappointing“令人失望的”。所以选项D正确。
15．A.purely B．wonderfully
C．instantly D．sadly
A 解析：根据该句中的“found herself eager to write again...own enjoyment”可知，她发现自己渴望再次写作，而这次写作仅仅(purely)是为了个人乐趣。purely“仅仅，纯粹地”；wonderfully“非常好，非常”；instantly“立即”；sadly“悲伤地”。所以选项A正确。
16．A.set B．found
C．made D．permitted
A 解析：根据语境可知，Moira向自己提出(set) 了一个挑战，写一部惊险小说。find“发现”；make“制作；制造”；permit“允许，许可”。所以选项A正确。
17．A.put up B．took on
C．went over D．got down
B 解析：根据该句“The characters ______ a life of their own；they started doing things I hadn’t thought about.”可知，小说中的人物开始具有(took on) 他们自己的生活。put up“建造，张贴”；take on“开始具有(某种特征、面貌等)”；go over“仔细检查”；get down“下来，取下”。所以选项B正确。
18．A.flew B．flashed
C．broke D．survived
A 解析：根据下文可知，Moira的书得到了一位澳大利亚代理人的关注并顺利出版；据此可以推断，这部小说成功了。fly“成功”。所以选项A正确。
19．A.Ever since B．As if
C．If only D．Even if
D 解析：根据语境可推断出，即使(Even if)这部小说没有出版，Moira仍然在这个过程(process)中得到许多。ever since“自从”；as if“好像，似乎”；if only“要是……就好了”；even if“即使，尽管”。所以选项D正确。
20．A.adventure B．practice
C．process D．result
C 解析：参见上题解析。adventure“冒险”；practice“实践”；process“过程”；result“结果”。所以选项C正确。
短文改错
My father likes fishing. He always goes fishing with his friends in the autumn, where the fish have grown up. It is the best season to go fishing. One day, he took me to fish, either. First, we choose a good place. Then my father helped myself to put an earthworm onto the fishhook. After throwing the fishhook into the river, I waited for the long time. Suddenly, I saw the float sinking. I was exciting to pull it out, only to find half of the earthworms left. The fish played a trick on to me. I was angry. But my father asked me to patient. Following his advice, I caught a big fish eventual.
答案：
My father likes fishing. He always goes fishing with his friends in the autumn, the fish have grown up. It is the best season to go fishing. One day, he took me to fish, . First, we a good place. Then my father helped to put an earthworm onto the fishhook. After throwing the fishhook into the river, I waited for long time. Suddenly, I saw the float sinking. I was to pull it out, only to find half of the left. The fish played a trick on me. I was angry. But my father asked me to patient. Following his advice, I caught a big fish .
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地
2.spit vt. 吐出(唾液、食物等)
vi. 吐痰
3.delete vt. 删；删除
4.receptionist n. 接待员；招待员
5.wrinkle n. 皱纹
6.arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引
n. 逮捕；拘留
7.applaud vi.& vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
8.dizzy adj. 眩晕的；昏乱的；使人发晕或困惑的
拓展词汇
9.radioactive adj.放射性的；有辐射能的→radioactivity n．放射性
10.division n．分割；划分；分配；分界线→divide vt.分割；分配
11.academy n．学院；学会；学术团体；院校→academic adj.学术的
12.skilful adj.有技巧的；熟练的→skilfully adv.熟练地；有技巧地
13.accelerate vi.& vt.加速；促进→acceleration n．加速度
14.significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→significant adj.重要的
阅读词汇
15.systematic adj. 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的
16.scratch n. (刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠
vt. 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏
17.skateboard n. 滑板
18.spear n. 矛；枪
19.pulse vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动
n. 脉搏；节拍
20.craftsmanship n. 技艺；手艺；精工细作
21.worship vt.& vi. 崇拜；敬奉
n. 崇拜；敬神
22.axe n. 斧；斧子
重点短语
1.on__behalf__of 代表
2.break__out (战争、疾病、火灾等)突然发生
3.take__turns__to__do__sth. 轮流做某事
4.make__a__living 谋生
5.fed__up__with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
6.look__ahead 向前看；为将来打算
7.lie__in__wait__for 埋伏以待
8.date__back__(to...) 追溯到；始于
重点句型
1.形容词短语作状语：Worried__about__the__preparations__for__her__feast(由于担心她为盛宴做的准备), Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit.
2.If only...! 要是……就好了！：If__only__it__could__be__just__like__last__year (要是能像去年那样就好了)！
3.only to do...表示出乎意料的结果：Abruptly she sat down, only__to__be__scooped__up__by(却被……一把抱了起来) her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.
Fast-reading
Skim the text and do the following exercises.
1．What is the main idea of the text?
A．The marriage life of Lala and Dahu.
B．The separate responsibility of men and women.
C．The difference between early life and modern life.
D．The preparations for a feast.
答案：D
2．Read the text and then match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Lala and her families made preparations for the feast.
Para.2 B．The description of Dahu.
Para.3 C．How Dahu made tools.
Para.4 D．Lala worried about the preparations for
the feast and she hoped the feast could
be as good as the one last year.
答案：DABC
Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Why did Lala accelerate her walk?
A．Because she was very hungry.
B．Because she feared her husband would get angry.
C．Because she had to prepare for the feast.
D．Because she feared there might be wild animals attacking her.
2．Lala was happy last year because________．
A．she was lucky to be chosen by Dahu
B．she didn’t have to prepare for the feast
C．her husband loved her very much
D．she was together with her sister and mother
3．According to the text，Dahu usually did all the things except________．
A．fishing B．collecting fruit
C．sharpening scrapers D．killing animals
4．We can infer from the text that Lala was ________her life.
A．tired of B．worried about
C．satisfied with D．disappointed with
答案：1－4.DABC
①feast[fi?st]n.盛宴，宴会
②turn for＋地点 转向某地
turn to sb.转向某人，向某人求助
③reunion[ri?'ju?nI?n]n.重逢，团聚，聚会
④wrinkle['rI?kl]n.皱纹
⑤toolmaker['tu?lmeIk?(r)]n.工具制造者
为“n.＋n.”构成的复合名词，相似的还有：shoemaker(鞋匠)，filmmaker(电影制作人)等。
⑥pulse[p?ls]vi.强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动n.脉搏；节拍
⑦vein[veIn]n.血管；静脉
⑧applaud[?'pl??d]vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
applause[?'pl??z]n.鼓掌，喝彩
⑨look ahead向前看；为将来打算
⑩howl[ha?l]vt.& vi.嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫n.长嚎；嗥叫
?accelerate[?k'sel?reIt]vi.&vt.加速；促进
?lie in wait (for sb.)隐蔽待机以出其不意，伏击，埋伏以待
?arrest[?'rest]vt.逮捕；吸引n.逮捕；拘留
?dizzy['dIzI]adj.晕眩的；昏乱的；使人发晕或困惑的
?abruptly adv.突然地
?scoop vt.(敏捷地)抱起，拿起
?with relief宽慰地
?pronounced adj.显著的；很明显的；表达明确的
?eyebrow['aIbra?]n.眉毛
?pull out拔，拔出
arrowhead['?r??hed]n.箭头
为“n.＋head”构成的复合名词，相似的还有：letterhead信头。
now and then时常，有时
neighbouring adj.邻近的，附近的，毗邻的
spirits n．(pl)情绪，心境
be in high/low spirits情绪高涨/低落
gaily['ɡeIlI]adv.快乐地；轻松地
gay[ɡeI]adj.快乐的；欢快的
【核心素养链接】
旧石器时代的人类主要是通过采摘果实、狩猎或捕捞来获取食物。此外，原始人类为避寒暑风雨，防虫蛇猛兽，住在山洞里或树上，这就是所谓的“穴居”和“巢居”(树上筑巢)。经过不断进化，古人开始营建房屋。据考古发掘证明，我国最早的房屋建筑产生于距今约六七千年前的新石器时代。当时的房屋主要有两种，一种是以陕西西安的半坡遗址为代表的北方建筑模式——半地穴式房屋和地面房屋。半地穴式房屋多圆形，地穴有深有浅，以坑壁作墙基或墙壁，坑上搭架屋顶，顶上抹草泥土，有的四壁和屋室中间还立有木柱支撑屋顶。另一种是以浙江余姚的河姆渡遗址为代表的长江流域及以南地区的建筑模式——干栏式建筑。一般是用竖立的木桩或竹桩构成高出地面的底架，底架上有大小梁木承托的悬空的地板，其上用竹木、茅草等建造住房。干栏式建筑上面住人，下面饲养牲畜。
THE FEAST：18，000 BC
Worried about the preparations for her feast①， Lala quickly turned for② home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruit. It was the custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions③ as they followed the animal herds across the grasslands. A wrinkle④ appeared on her forehead. If only it could be just like last year! At that time she had been so happy when Dahu chose her as the future mother of his children. He was the best toolmaker⑤ in the group and it was a great honour for her to be chosen. She remembered the blood pulsing⑥ through her veins⑦. She had felt so proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud⑧ his choice. If only she had looked ahead⑨ and planned better this year! Then she wouldn’t have been feeling so worried now.
◆形容词短语“Worried about...her feast”在此作原因状语。
◆if only意为“要是……就好了，但愿”，此处表示现在没有实现的愿望，故句子用一般过去时。
Having heard wolves howlingB10in the forest, Lala accelerated? her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her?. She had no man with his spear to protect her. She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested? her progress and she stopped. So the men had brought home the meat for the feast! The smell of cooking meat filled the air surrounding her, and her senses became dizzy? with hunger. She could see her mother and the older children preparing the deer and pig meat over the fire. Her aunts were making clothes with animal skins. Abruptly? she sat down, only to be scooped?up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna. Lala smiled with relief?. It was good to have her family around her.
◆本句的结构较为复杂。“Having heard...forest”为现在分词短语作原因状语，其中“heard wolves howling in the forest”为“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构，现在分词短语howling in the forest作宾补。“fearing that there might...for her”为现在分词短语作伴随状语，that引导宾语从句；其中现在分词短语“lying in wait for her”作后置定语，修饰beasts。
◆“with his spear to protect her”为with复合结构，不定式短语to protect her作宾补。
◆本句中含有“sb. had done sth. when...”句型，when在句中为并列连词，意为“这时(突然)”。
◆动词不定式短语“only to be scooped up...”作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果；其中laughing, shouting为现在分词作定语。
Just then a tall man came up behind her. He had a large, square face, with strongly pronounced? eyebrows? and cheekbones. Over his shoulder he carried several fish and some pieces of wood under his arm. Lala smiled and handed some stone scrapers over to Dahu, who smiled and went outside the cave to begin his task.
First he looked carefully at the scrapers and then went to a corner of the cave and pulled out? some more tools. They were in a pile with other sharp arrowheads and stone axe-heads. He chose one large stone and began to use it like a hammer striking the edge of the scraper that needed sharpening. Now and then Dahu would stop, look at it and try it against his hand before continuing his task. He stopped when he felt the scrapers were sharp enough to cut up the meat and scrape the fish. As he passed them to Lala, the first of the guests from the neighbouring caves began to arrive for dinner. Lala’s spirits rose. Yes, it was going to be just as wonderful as last year! She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours.
◆本句为主从复合句。现在分词短语striking the edge of...sharpening作伴随状语；该状语中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰the edge of the scraper，其中needed sharpening可换为needed to be sharpened, sharpening为主动形式表示被动含义。
公元前18 000年
的一次盛宴
拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以就拿着她采集好的坚果、甜瓜和其他水果快步回家了。因为跟着动物族群穿梭在草原上，所以家庭成员会分散开来，然后又在不同的地方相聚，这是他们的一个习俗。她的额头上出现了一条皱纹。要是能像去年那样就好了！那时当大胡选拉拉做他未来孩子的母亲时，她感到非常高兴。他是这个家族中最好的工匠，被他选中对她来说是莫大的荣幸。她记得当时血脉跳动，心情激动。当族人为他(大胡)的选择欢呼鼓掌的时候，她(拉拉)觉得非常自豪。她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！那么她现在就不会这么担心了。
听见森林里狼的嚎叫声，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，她担心会有野兽埋伏着等她。她身边没有拿着矛的人来保护她。快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停了下来，不往前走了。男人们已经带回了这次盛宴要用的肉！肉的香味弥漫在空气中，笼罩在她的周围，使她因饥饿而感到头晕目眩。她可以看到她的母亲和年龄大一些的孩子正在火上烤鹿肉和猪肉。她的姨妈正在用兽皮做衣服。她突然坐了下来，结果被她那爱吵闹的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。拉拉欣慰地笑了，跟家人在一起真好。
就在那时，她的身后出现了一个高个子男人。他的脸盘很大、是方形的，浓眉大眼，颧骨突出。他肩上背着几条鱼，腋下夹着几块木头。拉拉笑着把一些石头做的刮刀递给大胡。大胡笑着走出洞外，开始他的工作。
首先他仔细看了看这些(石头做的)刮刀，然后走到洞穴的一个角落，取出更多的工具。这些工具同其他的一些锋利的箭头和石斧头堆在一起。他选了一大块石头，把它当作锤子，开始敲打一个需要磨快的刮刀的边沿。大胡时不时地停下来看看，用手试一试，然后继续工作。当他觉得这些刮刀够锋利，可以用来切肉和刮鱼的时候，他才停了下来。当他把这些刮刀递给拉拉的时候，第一批邻近洞穴的客人开始过来吃饭了。拉拉的情绪高涨起来。是的，今年的盛宴会跟去年的一样好！她自己开心地笑了，走出洞穴，去迎接她的朋友和邻居。
significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
(教材P40)His university was aware of the significance of his work.
他的大学意识到了他的工作的重要性。
(1)be of (great/no/little) significance to...
对……(很/不)重要
attach (great) significance to 认为……(很)重要
(2)significant adj. 重要的；明显的
①Only then did he realize the significance of protecting wild animals.
只有在那时他才意识到保护野生动物的重要性。
②In my view, practicing handwriting is of great significance to the students’ growth.
我认为，练习书法对学生的成长有重要意义。
③The most significant thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods.
你应该牢记的最重要的事是如果你使用正确的方法的话，大部分问题是容易的。
[能力提升]——词汇升级
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)(普通表达)You ’d better arrive ahead of time, which is very important to show your politeness.
(高级表达)You’d better arrive ahead of time, which is__of__great__significance__to show your politeness.
fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
(教材P41)Well, I’m fed up with all the attention and...
噢，我受够了所有的关注和……
厌倦；厌烦
①She was fed up with her son sitting around all day long.
她受够了她儿子整天闲坐着无所事事。
②I’m tired of doing so much homework.
我厌倦了做这么多家庭作业。
[能力提升]——微写作
就我个人而言，我已厌烦了你无休止的抱怨。
As far as I’m concerned, I__am__fed__up__with__your__endless__complaints．
look ahead 向前看；为将来打算
(教材P43)If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!
她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
look back on 向后看；回顾
look down upon/on 看不起，轻视
look forward to 盼望；期望
look into 调查；审查
look out (for) 当心，注意，提防
look up to 敬仰，钦佩，仰慕
look through 逐一查看；浏览；翻阅
①Young people often look ahead to the future while the elderly look back on the past.
少年人常思将来，老年人常思既往。
②It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of the two missing children.
据报道，警察将很快调查这两名失踪儿童的案件。
[即学即练]——look短语填空
①The reason why I look__up__to__the artist is that his works are inspiring.
②We shouldn’t look__down__upon/on the disabled; on the contrary, we should help them.
③I looked__through today’s newspaper but I found nothing important.
④I like to look__back__on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life.
arrest vt.逮捕；吸引 n．逮捕；拘留
(教材P43)She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她停了下来，不往前走了。
(1)arrest sb.for... 因……而逮捕某人
get arrested 被逮捕
arrest one’s attention 引起某人的注意
(2)under arrest 在关押中
①A man has been arrested and is being questioned now.
一名男子已被逮捕，现在正在审问。
②The beautiful sunset arrested our attention, and we stopped to watch it.
美丽的日落吸引了我们的注意力，我们停下来观看。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence.
②He was arrested(arrest) for spreading rumors on the Internet.
date back to(＝date from) 追溯到；始于
(教材P44)All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3，000 and 5，000 years ago. 所有物品都来自三星堆遗址，它们能追溯到3 000至 5 000年前。
(1)date back to＝date from 追溯到……
(2)out of date 过时的，陈旧的
up to date 最近的，新式的，现代的
①According to the expert, the temple has a history dating from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
那个专家说这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。
②We missed the train because we used an out of date timetable. 我们没赶上火车，因为我们误用了一张过期的火车时刻表。
date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。作后置定语时，常用现在分词。
[能力提升]——一句多译
每天都有许多游客在这座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。
①Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower, which__dates__from/back__to as early as 800 years ago.(定语从句)
②Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower dating__from/back__to as early as 800 years ago.(现在分词作状语)
if only引导虚拟语气
(教材P43)If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!
她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
(1)if only ...had done ...表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。
(2)if only ...did ...表示对与现在事实相反的愿望。
(3)if only ...could/would/might do ...表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)。
①If only I had more time to think about this suggestion.
我要是有更多时间考虑这个建议就好了。
②If only you had worked with greater care!
你要是工作再仔细一些就好了！
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①If only I had__remembered(remember) to lock the door.
②I’m in great need of a house of my own.If only I had(have) enough money to buy one.
[能力提升]——微写作
③我要是能生活在一个没有空气污染的世界就好了。
If__only__I__could__live__in__a__world free of air pollution.
(教材P43)Abruptly she sat down, only to be scooped up by her laughing, shouting sister, Luna.
她突然坐了下来，结果被她那爱吵闹的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。
(1)only to do是不定式作结果状语，意为“不料；结果却”，表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。
(2)现在分词作结果状语时表示伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生)。
①The man hurried home, only to find that the door was locked. 这个人匆忙回到家，却发现门锁着。
②He spoke to the guests in such a rude manner, making his parents very angry.
他用这么无礼的方式给客人说话，这使他的父母很生气。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She went into the lecture hall in a hurry only to__be__informed(inform) that the lecture had been cancelled.
②I hurried to the post office only to__find(find) it closed.
③He has got married and settled in Australia，leaving (leave) his family in Hong Kong.
品句填词
1．Climbing so high made me feel dizzy(晕眩的), and I had to sit down.
2．Measures must be taken to accelerate(加速) the rate of economic growth of our country.
3．All the people present couldn’t help applauding(鼓掌) warmly after Professor Li finished his speech.
4．Yesterday, the police arrested(逮捕) five young men in connection with one of the attacks.
5．Somehow(不知怎么地), I feel very nervous every time I have a word with Johnson.
6．The girl, who used to suffer starvation(挨饿), lives a happy life now.
7．Only after I worked for several years did I realize the significance(意义) of receiving education.
8．Frankly speaking, this kind of job requires speed and accuracy(准确), so I’m not sure whether Tom is the most suitable person.
9．To guarantee safety, our company needs to employ skilful(有技巧的， 熟练的) workers.
10．Many parents opposed the division(划分) of the classes into different sets.
选词填空
fed up with; now and then; show...round; with relief; look ahead; at most; be aware of; date back to
1．The professor, who has made great achievements, is at__most 35 years old.
2．When you feel upset, you should look__ahead which can make you feel better.
3．The history of hockey can date__back__to thousands of years ago.
4．To tell the truth, I am fed__up__with having the same breakfast every morning.
5．His parents smiled with__relief when they heard he had been admitted into the top university.
6．The street is so narrow that traffic jams happen now__and__then here.
7．He was__aware__of the importance of health when there was something wrong with his stomach.
8．Our trained guides will show you round the museum.
完成句子
1．让学生们在上语文课前讲故事是一个好主意。
It__is__a__good__idea__to__ask__students__to__tell__stories before the Chinese class.
2．正是因为他身体欠佳，他才缺席了那场重要的会议。
It__was__because__of__his__poor__health__that he was absent from the important meeting.
3．苏珊看上去很高兴，她一定知道了那个好消息。
Susan looks very happy; she must__have__known__the__good__news．
4．正如报纸上所报道的那样，政府已经采取措施提高就业率了。
As__is__reported__in__the__newspaper,__the government has taken measures to raise the rate of employment.
5．我弟弟昨天要是能采纳我的建议就好了！
If__only my brother had__followed__my__advice yesterday!
6．妈妈刚准备好晚饭，这时孩子们和他们的父亲就到家了。
Mother had__just__prepared__the__dinner__when kids and their father arrived home.
课文语法填空
It was the custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions. Lala was 1.worried (worry) about the preparations for her feast. Dahu, 2.who was the best toolmaker in the group chose her as the future mother of his children. She thought it 3.an honor to be chosen. Then she headed for the caves but was afraid that there might be wild beasts lying 4.in wait for her. Much to her relief, she reached her destination and saw her aunts 5.making(make) clothes with animal skins. 6.It was good to have her family around her.
Then Dahu 7.appeared(appear). He went to make the scrapers sharp enough 8.to__cut(cut) up the meat and scrape the fish. Soon the first of the guests from the neighbouring caves began to arrive for dinner. The feast of this year was going to be just as 9.wonderful(wonder) as last year! Seeing this, Lala was in high 10.spirits(spirit) and then went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours.
单句语法填空
1．She had almost reached her destination when something arrested her attention and she braked sharply.
2．We must seize this opportunity and take effective measures to__accelerate(accelerate) the growth of our economy.
3．Working hard can sharpen(sharp) our characters and equip ourselves with good qualities, which are crucial to be an all-round person.
4．I rushed to the railway station, only to__find(find) that the train had gone.
5．The more we are aware of the significance(significant) of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
6．The new method was popular and many peasants became very skilful(skill) at it.
7．Every year, a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old building dating(date) back to the eleventh century.
8．The traditional labour division(divide) between men and women is gradually disappearing.
9．Her friend I referred to just now was__arrested(arrest) for robbing a bank.
10．If only I had__listened(listen) to my parents at that time!
阅读理解
A
Barchester Office Towers
Visitor Information
Welcome to Barchester Office Towers. Visitors must register(登记) with the Security Desk in order to get a visitor’s badge(徽章) and be allowed entrance to the building. The Security Desk is located on the first floor near the main entrance. The security officer on duty will direct you to the office you are visiting. In addition, a map of the building is shown near the main lifts, located behind the Security Desk.
To reach the rooftop parking area, take the lift to the fourth floor, and then follow the signs. Also located on that floor is the City View Restaurant, serving three meals a day, Tuesday－Sunday.
Barchester Office Towers offers a number of business services for the convenience of visitors. The Copy Center is located on the second floor. Photocopy and fax services are available(可获得的) here. Computers with Internet access are also available. The Copy Center is open twenty-four hours a day. You must show your visitor’s badge when requesting services.
A small branch post office is located down the hall from the Copy Center. Envelopes and stamps are sold here. Mail pickup is twice a day, at 7：30 AM and 5：00 PM. On the third floor, you will find a branch of the National Bank. All basic banking services are offered. Next to the bank is the Barchester Coffee Shop. Coffee and tea are sold here, and most major daily newspapers and business magazines are also available. The coffee shop is open from 7：00 AM until 4：30 PM Monday－Saturday.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是Barchester Office Towers的游客来访须知。
1．What should you do to visit Barchester Office Towers?
A．Book in advance.
B．Take a map with you.
C．Buy a visitor’s badge.
D．Apply for registration.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Visitors must register(登记) with the Security Desk in order to get a visitor’s badge(徽章) and be allowed entrance to the building.可知，来Barchester Office Towers的访客必须登记。
2．Which floor should you go to if you want to have dinner?
A．The first floor. B．The second floor.
C．The third floor. D．The fourth floor.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，进餐需要前往四楼的City View Restaurant。
3．Where is the visitor’s badge required for services?
A．In the Copy Center.
B．In the National Bank.
C．In the City View Restaurant.
D．In the Barchester Coffee Shop.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的The Copy Center is open twenty-four hours a day. You must show your visitor’s badge when requesting services.可知，在Copy Center请求服务时，你必须出示访客徽章。
B
At the age of six weeks, Lilo seemed like the perfect family pet. His family’s 9-year-old girl loved to brush his beautiful fur. But as Lilo grew up, he didn’t like being brushed.
One day, as the little girl approached him, Lilo hit her with his large paws(爪子). The girl’s arm was badly injured. It’s rare for a family pet to attack its loving owner. But Lilo should never have been anyone’s pet. This cute and playful “cat” was actually a tiger, one of at least 15，000 tigers, lions, and other big cats now kept as pets in American homes and backyard zoos.
“People love these animals and they love the idea of owning something wild and strange，” says Nicole Paquette of the Animal Protection Institute. “They have no idea how hard it is to take care of them. Tigers like Lilo can grow to weigh 650 pounds. They eat 15 pounds of raw meat per day. Their powerful paws can destroy a human skull. Dozens of people each year are injured or killed by pet tigers and other big cats.”
The situation can also be deadly for the big cats themselves. Fully grown cats often end up confined(被关在) to small cages that are never cleaned because their owners are afraid to get too close. Living in squalid conditions, the cats become sickly and often more aggressive. Many animals die from neglect(疏忽)．
Shirley Minshew works for the International Fund for Animal Welfare, an organization that rescues abandoned big cats. She helps place some fortunate cats in sanctuaries, private shelters that keep the cats well fed and safe. But as Minshew says, “Most of these sanctuaries are already full. So are big city zoos. The only solution is for people to stop buying these animals.”
“Wild animals are exactly that—wild，” says Minshew. “Although they can be kept in cages, they are not tamable(可驯服的). They will never be like a dog or a cat. They are wild—and they should be allowed to stay that way.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们将野生动物当作宠物养的危险性及对野生动物的危害。
4．Why did the author mention Lilo in the first two paragraphs?
A．To entertain readers.
B．To tell a terrifying story.
C．To show wild animals are unsuitable pets.
D．To excite people’s interest in keeping animals.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的One day, as the little girl approached him ... This cute and playful “cat” was actually a tiger可知，小女孩被一只家养的宠物老虎弄伤，由此可知，这样的野生动物不适合当宠物。
5．What can we infer from Paquette’s words?
A．Tigers are illegal to own.
B．Taking care of tigers is exciting.
C．Pet tigers are cute but grow quickly.
D．Keeping big cats as pets is dangerous.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Their powerful paws can destroy a human skull. Dozens of people each year are injured or killed by pet tigers and other big cats.可知，把老虎当宠物养是一件非常危险的事。
6．What does the underlined word “squalid” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Scary. B．Dirty.
C．Normal. D．Comfortable.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的Fully grown cats often end up ...their owners are afraid to get too close.及the cats become sickly and often more aggressive可知，由于老虎这类大型猫科动物的主人不敢靠近它们，所以它们常被关在臭气熏天的笼子里，长期处在疏于管理的状况下。squalid意为“肮脏的”。
7．Which of the following may Minshew agree with?
A．Keep rescuing tigers in the wild.
B．It is beneficial to pet baby tigers.
C．Stop taking wildlife out of the wild.
D．Sanctuaries are the best places for wild animals.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的The only solution is for people to stop buying these animals.和最后一段的内容可知，Minshew认为人们不应该去购买野生动物，不应该把它们当作宠物养，它们是野生动物，属于大自然。
七选五
Daily Life in Ancient Africa
The different tribes(部落) and cultures of ancient Africa were as diverse as the geography of this continent. The Sahara Desert in North Africa, the savanna(热带草原) in West Africa, and the rainforest in Central Africa. 1.________
Although kings from ancient Africa were very rich, the daily life of the average person was much different.
Typical jobs
2．________ They spent much of their day working the land. They grew crops such as yams, barley and wheat. Some people caught fish or raised cattle and sheep for food.
Traders played an important role in the economy of ancient Africa. They moved goods across the Sahara Desert. Some traders became rich and held high positions in society.
Warriors(武士) were important in the large empires of ancient Africa. Professional warriors kept the peace. 3.________
There were also many slaves in ancient Africa. People were captured(俘获) from enemy tribes and became slaves during war. Some of the slaves were born into slavery.
Types of homes
Most people in ancient Africa lived in huts. 4.________ The homes of royalty and kings were often made of wood and stone.
What they wore
5．________ However, for special ceremonies and meetings, they would wear their traditional clothes. Typical materials included animal skins, fur, and cotton. The rich wore finer clothes with gold and feathers for decoration.
A．Most Africans were well-dressed.
B．All of them shaped the way people lived.
C．Most people in ancient Africa were farmers.
D．Farmers also participated in the local government.
E．Generally these huts were round and had a single room.
F．Because it’s so hot in Africa, the people wore few clothes.
G．During times of war, farmers were required to join the army and help fight.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代非洲人的日常生活。
1．B 解析：根据该段前两句可知，非洲的地理环境多种多样，再由下文的三个小标题可知，下文主要介绍了古代非洲人的日常生活，故该空为承上启下句，因此B项符合此处语境，既承接了上文非洲多样的地理环境，又开启了下文，引出不同地理环境所塑造出的非洲人的生活。
2．C 解析：根据该空后的working the land和grew crops可知，该段所描述的是农民，故C项符合语境。
3．G 解析：G项中的times of war和join the army and help fight与该段中的kept the peace相互呼应，故G项符合此处语境。
4．E 解析：E项中的these huts与该段中的Most people in ancient Africa lived in huts.相互呼应，故E项符合此处语境。
5．F 解析：根据该空后的wear their traditional clothes可知，非洲人在特殊日子穿戴传统服装，以示隆重；再由However可知，该空与后面内容的意义相反，故F项符合此处语境。
课件56张PPT。Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorssomehowspitdeletereceptionistwrinklearrestapplauddizzyradioactivedivisionacademyskilfulacceleratesignificance有系统的；有计划的；有条理的(刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏滑板矛；枪强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动脉搏；节拍技艺；手艺；精工细作崇拜；敬奉崇拜；敬神斧；斧子on behalf ofbreak outtake turns to do sth.make a livingfed up withlook aheadlie in wait fordate back (to...)Worried about the preparations for herIf only it could be just like last yearonly to be scooped up byfeastis of great significancelook up tolook down upon/onlooked throughlook back on underarrestedwhich dates from/back to dating from/back tohad rememberedhadIf only I could live in a world to be informedto findleaving本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Climbing so high made me feel dizzy(晕眩的), and I had to sit down.
2．Measures must be taken to accelerate(加速) the rate of economic growth of our country.
3．All the people present couldn’t help applauding(鼓掌) warmly after Professor Li finished his speech.
4．Yesterday, the police arrested(逮捕) five young men in connection with one of the attacks.
5．Somehow(不知怎么地), I feel very nervous every time I have a word with Johnson.
6．The girl, who used to suffer starvation(挨饿), lives a happy life now.
7．Only after I worked for several years did I realize the significance(意义) of receiving education.
8．Frankly speaking, this kind of job requires speed and accuracy(准确), so I’m not sure whether Tom is the most suitable person.
9．To guarantee safety, our company needs to employ skilful(有技巧的， 熟练的) workers.
10．Many parents opposed the division(划分) of the classes into different sets.
选词填空
fed up with; now and then; show...round; with relief; look ahead; at most; be aware of; date back to
1．The professor, who has made great achievements, is at__most 35 years old.
2．When you feel upset, you should look__ahead which can make you feel better.
3．The history of hockey can date__back__to thousands of years ago.
4．To tell the truth, I am fed__up__with having the same breakfast every morning.
5．His parents smiled with__relief when they heard he had been admitted into the top university.
6．The street is so narrow that traffic jams happen now__and__then here.
7．He was__aware__of the importance of health when there was something wrong with his stomach.
8．Our trained guides will show you round the museum.
完成句子
1．让学生们在上语文课前讲故事是一个好主意。
It__is__a__good__idea__to__ask__students__to__tell__stories before the Chinese class.
2．正是因为他身体欠佳，他才缺席了那场重要的会议。
It__was__because__of__his__poor__health__that he was absent from the important meeting.
3．苏珊看上去很高兴，她一定知道了那个好消息。
Susan looks very happy; she must__have__known__the__good__news．
4．正如报纸上所报道的那样，政府已经采取措施提高就业率了。
As__is__reported__in__the__newspaper,__the government has taken measures to raise the rate of employment.
5．我弟弟昨天要是能采纳我的建议就好了！
If__only my brother had__followed__my__advice yesterday!
6．妈妈刚准备好晚饭，这时孩子们和他们的父亲就到家了。
Mother had__just__prepared__the__dinner__when kids and their father arrived home.
课文语法填空
It was the custom of family groups to separate and then gather again at different sites for reunions. Lala was 1.worried (worry) about the preparations for her feast. Dahu, 2.who was the best toolmaker in the group chose her as the future mother of his children. She thought it 3.an honor to be chosen. Then she headed for the caves but was afraid that there might be wild beasts lying 4.in wait for her. Much to her relief, she reached her destination and saw her aunts 5.making(make) clothes with animal skins. 6.It was good to have her family around her.
Then Dahu 7.appeared(appear). He went to make the scrapers sharp enough 8.to__cut(cut) up the meat and scrape the fish. Soon the first of the guests from the neighbouring caves began to arrive for dinner. The feast of this year was going to be just as 9.wonderful(wonder) as last year! Seeing this, Lala was in high 10.spirits(spirit) and then went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours.
单句语法填空
1．She had almost reached her destination when something arrested her attention and she braked sharply.
2．We must seize this opportunity and take effective measures to__accelerate(accelerate) the growth of our economy.
3．Working hard can sharpen(sharp) our characters and equip ourselves with good qualities, which are crucial to be an all-round person.
4．I rushed to the railway station, only to__find(find) that the train had gone.
5．The more we are aware of the significance(significant) of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
6．The new method was popular and many peasants became very skilful(skill) at it.
7．Every year, a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old building dating(date) back to the eleventh century.
8．The traditional labour division(divide) between men and women is gradually disappearing.
9．Her friend I referred to just now was__arrested(arrest) for robbing a bank.
10．If only I had__listened(listen) to my parents at that time!
阅读理解
A
Barchester Office Towers
Visitor Information
Welcome to Barchester Office Towers. Visitors must register(登记) with the Security Desk in order to get a visitor’s badge(徽章) and be allowed entrance to the building. The Security Desk is located on the first floor near the main entrance. The security officer on duty will direct you to the office you are visiting. In addition, a map of the building is shown near the main lifts, located behind the Security Desk.
To reach the rooftop parking area, take the lift to the fourth floor, and then follow the signs. Also located on that floor is the City View Restaurant, serving three meals a day, Tuesday－Sunday.
Barchester Office Towers offers a number of business services for the convenience of visitors. The Copy Center is located on the second floor. Photocopy and fax services are available(可获得的) here. Computers with Internet access are also available. The Copy Center is open twenty-four hours a day. You must show your visitor’s badge when requesting services.
A small branch post office is located down the hall from the Copy Center. Envelopes and stamps are sold here. Mail pickup is twice a day, at 7：30 AM and 5：00 PM. On the third floor, you will find a branch of the National Bank. All basic banking services are offered. Next to the bank is the Barchester Coffee Shop. Coffee and tea are sold here, and most major daily newspapers and business magazines are also available. The coffee shop is open from 7：00 AM until 4：30 PM Monday－Saturday.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是Barchester Office Towers的游客来访须知。
1．What should you do to visit Barchester Office Towers?
A．Book in advance.
B．Take a map with you.
C．Buy a visitor’s badge.
D．Apply for registration.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Visitors must register(登记) with the Security Desk in order to get a visitor’s badge(徽章) and be allowed entrance to the building.可知，来Barchester Office Towers的访客必须登记。
2．Which floor should you go to if you want to have dinner?
A．The first floor. B．The second floor.
C．The third floor. D．The fourth floor.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，进餐需要前往四楼的City View Restaurant。
3．Where is the visitor’s badge required for services?
A．In the Copy Center.
B．In the National Bank.
C．In the City View Restaurant.
D．In the Barchester Coffee Shop.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的The Copy Center is open twenty-four hours a day. You must show your visitor’s badge when requesting services.可知，在Copy Center请求服务时，你必须出示访客徽章。
B
At the age of six weeks, Lilo seemed like the perfect family pet. His family’s 9-year-old girl loved to brush his beautiful fur. But as Lilo grew up, he didn’t like being brushed.
One day, as the little girl approached him, Lilo hit her with his large paws(爪子). The girl’s arm was badly injured. It’s rare for a family pet to attack its loving owner. But Lilo should never have been anyone’s pet. This cute and playful “cat” was actually a tiger, one of at least 15，000 tigers, lions, and other big cats now kept as pets in American homes and backyard zoos.
“People love these animals and they love the idea of owning something wild and strange，” says Nicole Paquette of the Animal Protection Institute. “They have no idea how hard it is to take care of them. Tigers like Lilo can grow to weigh 650 pounds. They eat 15 pounds of raw meat per day. Their powerful paws can destroy a human skull. Dozens of people each year are injured or killed by pet tigers and other big cats.”
The situation can also be deadly for the big cats themselves. Fully grown cats often end up confined(被关在) to small cages that are never cleaned because their owners are afraid to get too close. Living in squalid conditions, the cats become sickly and often more aggressive. Many animals die from neglect(疏忽)．
Shirley Minshew works for the International Fund for Animal Welfare, an organization that rescues abandoned big cats. She helps place some fortunate cats in sanctuaries, private shelters that keep the cats well fed and safe. But as Minshew says, “Most of these sanctuaries are already full. So are big city zoos. The only solution is for people to stop buying these animals.”
“Wild animals are exactly that—wild，” says Minshew. “Although they can be kept in cages, they are not tamable(可驯服的). They will never be like a dog or a cat. They are wild—and they should be allowed to stay that way.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们将野生动物当作宠物养的危险性及对野生动物的危害。
4．Why did the author mention Lilo in the first two paragraphs?
A．To entertain readers.
B．To tell a terrifying story.
C．To show wild animals are unsuitable pets.
D．To excite people’s interest in keeping animals.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的One day, as the little girl approached him ... This cute and playful “cat” was actually a tiger可知，小女孩被一只家养的宠物老虎弄伤，由此可知，这样的野生动物不适合当宠物。
5．What can we infer from Paquette’s words?
A．Tigers are illegal to own.
B．Taking care of tigers is exciting.
C．Pet tigers are cute but grow quickly.
D．Keeping big cats as pets is dangerous.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Their powerful paws can destroy a human skull. Dozens of people each year are injured or killed by pet tigers and other big cats.可知，把老虎当宠物养是一件非常危险的事。
6．What does the underlined word “squalid” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Scary. B．Dirty.
C．Normal. D．Comfortable.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的Fully grown cats often end up ...their owners are afraid to get too close.及the cats become sickly and often more aggressive可知，由于老虎这类大型猫科动物的主人不敢靠近它们，所以它们常被关在臭气熏天的笼子里，长期处在疏于管理的状况下。squalid意为“肮脏的”。
7．Which of the following may Minshew agree with?
A．Keep rescuing tigers in the wild.
B．It is beneficial to pet baby tigers.
C．Stop taking wildlife out of the wild.
D．Sanctuaries are the best places for wild animals.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的The only solution is for people to stop buying these animals.和最后一段的内容可知，Minshew认为人们不应该去购买野生动物，不应该把它们当作宠物养，它们是野生动物，属于大自然。
七选五
Daily Life in Ancient Africa
The different tribes(部落) and cultures of ancient Africa were as diverse as the geography of this continent. The Sahara Desert in North Africa, the savanna(热带草原) in West Africa, and the rainforest in Central Africa. 1.________
Although kings from ancient Africa were very rich, the daily life of the average person was much different.
Typical jobs
2．________ They spent much of their day working the land. They grew crops such as yams, barley and wheat. Some people caught fish or raised cattle and sheep for food.
Traders played an important role in the economy of ancient Africa. They moved goods across the Sahara Desert. Some traders became rich and held high positions in society.
Warriors(武士) were important in the large empires of ancient Africa. Professional warriors kept the peace. 3.________
There were also many slaves in ancient Africa. People were captured(俘获) from enemy tribes and became slaves during war. Some of the slaves were born into slavery.
Types of homes
Most people in ancient Africa lived in huts. 4.________ The homes of royalty and kings were often made of wood and stone.
What they wore
5．________ However, for special ceremonies and meetings, they would wear their traditional clothes. Typical materials included animal skins, fur, and cotton. The rich wore finer clothes with gold and feathers for decoration.
A．Most Africans were well-dressed.
B．All of them shaped the way people lived.
C．Most people in ancient Africa were farmers.
D．Farmers also participated in the local government.
E．Generally these huts were round and had a single room.
F．Because it’s so hot in Africa, the people wore few clothes.
G．During times of war, farmers were required to join the army and help fight.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代非洲人的日常生活。
1．B 解析：根据该段前两句可知，非洲的地理环境多种多样，再由下文的三个小标题可知，下文主要介绍了古代非洲人的日常生活，故该空为承上启下句，因此B项符合此处语境，既承接了上文非洲多样的地理环境，又开启了下文，引出不同地理环境所塑造出的非洲人的生活。
2．C 解析：根据该空后的working the land和grew crops可知，该段所描述的是农民，故C项符合语境。
3．G 解析：G项中的times of war和join the army and help fight与该段中的kept the peace相互呼应，故G项符合此处语境。
4．E 解析：E项中的these huts与该段中的Most people in ancient Africa lived in huts.相互呼应，故E项符合此处语境。
5．F 解析：根据该空后的wear their traditional clothes可知，非洲人在特殊日子穿戴传统服装，以示隆重；再由However可知，该空与后面内容的意义相反，故F项符合此处语境。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
现在完成进行时
1．(教材P38)Well, we have__been__finding(find) the bones of tigers and bears in the caves, and we think these were their most dangerous enemies.
2. He has__been__writing(write) a novel, which will be finished next month.
3．The little boy is dirty all over because he has__been__playing(play) in the mud all the morning.
4．He has__been__lying(lie) in bed for two weeks because of his broken leg.
5．You know, I have__been__looking(look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.
6．I have__visited(visit) my hometown recently, whose changes have__left(leave) a deep impression on me.
现在完成进行时
1．基本含义：表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的动作；表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的动作；表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的动作，通常表示一种感彩(关切、惊异、愤怒、赞许等)。
2．基本结构：have/has been doing
◆We have been waiting for you for half an hour.(动作刚结束)
我们一直等了你半个小时。
◆The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.(动作还将继续下去)
中国有2 000年的造纸历史。
◆I have been learning English since three years ago.(动作还将继续下去)
三年以来我一直在学英语。
◆You have been coughing a lot lately.(关切)
近来你一直咳嗽。
◆Too much has been happening today.(感慨)
今天真是个多事的日子啊。
◆He has always been studying hard.(赞许)
他学习一直很刻苦。
现在完成进行时的特点：
(1)兼具现在完成时和现在进行时的特点；(2)可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响；(3)也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性及感彩。
【即时演练1】——单句语法填空
①Since the time humankind started gardening, we have__been__trying(try) to make our environment more beautiful.
②The villagers have__been__working(work) day and night, gathering crops these days.
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1．现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续或反复，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。
◆I have written a book.(动作已经完成)
我已经写了一本书。
◆They have been building a bridge.(动作还将继续下去)
他们一直在建造一座桥。
2．现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身。
◆The repairman has been repairing the car all the afternoon.
一整个下午，这位修理工一直在修车。
◆The repairman has repaired your car, and you can have it now.
修理工已修好了你的车，现在你可以把它开走。
【即时演练2】——根据汉语提示，在下列句中填入正确的时态
①The manager has__been__telling(tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人们如何改善这一方案。
②It is reported that the project has__already__been__completed(complete)．
据报道工程已被完成。
不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时的动词
状态动词：be, have, exist；
情感动词：like, love, hate；
感觉动词：see, hear, know, feel, sound；
短暂性动词(短语)：finish, marry, get up, come, go 等。
◆I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
◆They have finished the work.
他们已经完成了这份工作。
【即时演练3】——单句语法填空
①There has__existed(exist) an old temple since the Ming Dynasty.
②I have__been__teaching(teach) English for almost twenty years, and I will step in another new teaching year.
③He hasn’t__felt(not feel) himself since yesterday.
单句语法填空
1．We will__have__got(get) everything ready for the party before you come back next month.
2．—You look exhausted!
—Yes. I have__been__playing(play) tennis all morning and I __haven’t__played(not play) it for years, so I’m not used to it.
3．She has set a new record that the sales of her latest book have__reached(reach) 50 million up to now.
4．I didn’t____meet(not meet) him at the station last night. He had__left(leave) when I got there.
5．All these days Lin Tao has__been__considering(consider) going back to his hometown to look for a job, but he hasn’t__decided(not decide) yet.
6．—Did you find the missing college students in the mountain yesterday?
—No, but we have__been__trying(try) to get in touch with them.
7．Lily is now having lessons in the Sunshine School, where she has__been__studying(study) for two years.
8．When we got there, the football match had__started(start)．
9．By the end of next term, we will__have__finished(finish) reading five novels.
10．The children will do their homework the moment they arrive(arrive) home from school.
11．After the big fire, only the walls of the church remain/remained(remain) standing.
12．—What happened to you this afternoon?
—I was__crossing(cross) the street when a taxi knocked me down.
13．—You look very tired, David.
—Well, I have__been__painting(paint) the house by myself the whole morning.
14．Mr Lin suddenly realized that he had__been__driving(drive) in the wrong direction, so he stopped his car.
15．The boy had__been__waiting(wait) in the rain until the girl turned up.
语法与写作
1．救援队一直工作了三天，直到所有的矿工都获救。
The rescue team had__been__working for three days until all the miners were rescued.
2．他在电话里告诉我，工人们正在装饰他的新房子。
He told me over the phone that the workers were__decorating his new house.
3．上周，我拜访了张先生，他给我讲了他在亚洲的经历。
Last week, I visited Mr Zhang and he told me what he had__experienced in Asia.
4．近三周的每一天，他的女儿都在为了比赛练习小提琴。
His daughter has__been__practising playing the violin every day in the last three weeks for the contest.
5．在完全掌握法语之前，露西花费将近三年时间一直在努力学习它。
Lucy had__been__studying French hard for nearly three years before she fully mastered it.
6．实验的结果跟我们预料的不一样，这使人相当失望。
The result of the experiment was not the same as we had__expected,__which was rather disappointing.
单句语法填空
1．Fortunately, we took(take) a compass when we left. Without this, we would have lost our way.
2．Since then, the detective has__been__trying(try) to find out how the murder happened and he won’t give up until he figures out the truth.
3．The students who had__finished(finish) their homework were allowed to play outside.
4．The farmers have__been__working(work) day and night in the field these days, gathering crops in case it rains.
5．You needn’t recommend this book to me because I have__read (read) it twice.
6．Hardly had we reached(reach) home when it began to rain heavily.
7．She said she would wait for me at home if I promised(promise) to visit her.
8．By the end of yesterday, we had__received(receive) over 1，000 letters from all over the world.
9．David was__wandering(wander) in the street alone when someone patted him on the shoulder.
10．My brother teaches(teach) in a high school now, and you can ask him for help.
阅读理解
When I was 16, I was a pretty outgoing teen with many friends, and took my academics seriously. But I also tended to worry a lot and could cry at the drop of a hat. Now I’m 50 years old, and, in many ways, I seem much the same: outgoing and responsible. Does that mean my personality hasn’t changed over the last half-century?
Not necessarily. Many of us tend to think of personality as being fixed. But according to a recent study, personalities are surprisingly changeable as we age. In this study, researchers made American adolescents fill out questionnaires about their personalities in the 1960s and then did again 50 years later, reporting on personal qualities. They found that people’s personality traits(特征) didn’t always stay the same over the five decades, with many people showing quite considerable changes.
“Some of the changes we saw in personality traits over the 50 years were very large，” says the lead author of the study, Rodica Damian. On the other hand, that didn’t mean people didn’t stay true to their personality traits over time. Coauthor Brent Roberts says that much of our personality does seem to stay the same—just not as much as we might expect. Moreover, the researchers found that adolescents as a group tended to become more emotionally stable, conscientious(认真的), and pleasant, suggesting a growth in social maturity(成熟)．
So our personalities are a mix of stable and unstable. Roberts advises parents and teachers to keep it in mind when they try to influence their children to be more responsible. Change, when it happens, occurs gradually rather than all at once, he says, which means we need patience with kids who are growing into themselves.
Damian argues that this research could be useful for long-term relationships. Rather than expecting someone to be the same person they were decades ago, partners would be better served by learning to value what remains constant in someone’s personality while meanwhile accepting personality changes as they occur.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人的性格会随着年龄的增长而改变，有些人的性格变化会很大。
1．Why is the story told in the first paragraph?
A．To give background information.
B．To show the author’s personality.
C．To raise doubts about personalities.
D．To lead into the main topic of the text.
D 解析：推理判断题。第一段作者通过介绍自己的故事然后引出问题Does that mean my personality hasn’t changed over the last half-century？接下来通过该问题引入本文主题。
2．How do adolescents’ personalities generally change according to the study?
A．They change at random.
B．They grow to be unstable.
C．They move in a positive direction.
D．They change quickly and completely.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Moreover, the researchers found that adolescents as a group...suggesting a growth in social maturity(成熟)。可知，青少年的性格倾向于向成熟、认真负责等好的方向发展。
3．How should parents deal with their children according to Roberts?
A．Be patient with their changes.
B．Teach them through personal example.
C．Pay close attention to their personalities.
D．Serve them well to improve their personalities.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Change, when it happens, occurs gradually...we need patience with kids who are growing into themselves.可知，父母对孩子的教育要有耐心，因为他们从青涩到成熟的改变是需要一定时间的。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．How Easy Is It to Change Your Personality?
B．How Can We Keep a Long-term Relationship?
C．How Should You Shape Your Child’s Personality?
D．How Much Can a Personality Change in a Lifetime?
D 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要说明了人的性格会随着年龄的增长而改变。
完形填空
My mother was a teacher. One day she was going through papers and found a paper __1__．
As she was __2__ the paper, a teacher told her that the student was __3__ but poor. His father was __4__ him to stop studying. My mother listened __5__， full of sympathy. Later she talked to that boy and __6__ that he was extremely talented, and his parents were poor. He was __7__ to study but his parents wouldn’t allow him to __8__. From that day my mother kept helping him with books, stationery(文具), etc.
When I was 6 years old, we left my hometown and __9__ to my father’s town. That boy kept in contact with my mother. He had __10__ his bachelor degree and wanted to excel in computers, so he decided to do MCA. But the cost was beyond his __11__. My parents decided to help him achieve his __12__. My dad took out a loan from the bank with his land as security and paid for his lessons. He excelled in his __13__ and wanted to get further education. My parents encouraged him to __14__. He attempted, and got a seat in NIT Calicut, with a scholarship of $1，000 per month. My parents were very __15__. After graduation he found a good job and offered his first month’s salary to us. My parents didn’t __16__ and asked him to help someone __17__ him.
He __18__ helped me with my studies. I felt coding wasn’t my cup of tea. He taught me and helped me to grasp it, __19__ sometimes, I didn’t call my parents if in __20__. Instead, I called him. With his help I’m studying computer science in NIT Calicut. Isn’t this a real coincidence?
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者一家帮助一位贫困学生继续上学，之后这位学生又帮助作者的故事。
1．A.normal B．terrible
C．simple D．outstanding
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者的母亲是位老师。一天她正在批阅试卷，发现其中一张试卷非常出众(outstanding)。
2．A.praising B．translating
C．coping D．printing
A 解析：当作者的母亲表扬(praising)这份试卷的时候，其中一位老师告诉了她这位学生的情况。
3．A.common B．brilliant
C．strange D．lazy
B 解析：这位学生非常杰出(brilliant)，但家里贫穷。
4．A.reminding B．warning
C．forcing D．teaching
C 解析：那孩子的父亲正迫使(forcing)他辍学。
5．A.proudly B．hopefully
C．excitedly D．carefully
D 解析：作者的母亲认真地(carefully)听了那位老师的叙述，心里充满同情。
6．A.wondered B．knew
C．imagined D．expected
B 解析：后来作者的母亲与那个孩子谈话，知道(knew)那孩子是个家庭贫寒的天才学生。
7．A.afraid B．regretful
C．willing D．nervous
C 解析：那孩子想(willing)学习。
8．A.continue B．give up
C．stay up D．escape
A 解析：那孩子热爱学习，但是他的父母不允许他继续(continue)。
9．A.rushed B．drove
C．walked D．moved
D 解析：六岁时，作者与母亲搬到了(moved)父亲工作的城镇里。
10．A.forgotten B．quit
C．completed D．missed
C 解析：那孩子完成(completed)了学士学位后，想继续学习计算机。
11．A.patience B．limit
C．choice D．knowledge
B 解析：学习计算机的费用超过了他的限度(limit)。
12．A.dream B．promise
C．duty D．equality
A 解析：作者的父母决定帮助那学生实现他的梦想(dream)。
13．A.homework B．career
C．language D．major
D 解析：那位学生在他的专业(major)上表现得非常优秀，而且他想继续深造。
14．A.relax B．leave
C．try D．work
C 解析：作者的父母鼓励他尝试(try)。
15．A.puzzled B．delighted
C．disappointed D．ashamed
B 解析：那男孩实现了自己的梦想，作者的父母非常高兴(delighted)。
16．A.accept B．believe
C．refuse D．understand
A 解析：那男孩将他的第一个月的工资给作者的父母，作者的父母没有接受(accept)。
17．A.for B．to
C．like D．with
C 解析：作者的父母没有接受男孩的工资，让他去帮助那些和他一样(like)需要帮助的人。
18．A.temporarily B．recently
C．seldom D．always
D 解析：那男孩总是(always)帮助作者学习。
19．A.but B．and
C．as D．or
B 解析：那男孩总是帮助作者，而且(and)有些时候作者会请男孩帮忙，而不是求助父母。
20．A.fact B．return
C．trouble D．reality
C 解析：作者在遇到困难(trouble)的时候，会请男孩帮忙。
语法填空
Sometimes a flying visit from a loved one is all you need to realize how settled you are in a place. And this weekend I was 1.____________(delight) to show my parents around Seville, as they came for a short but sweet visit.
2．____________(be) reunited with the people you love in a new place you feel excited. To show them around the new city also makes you happy. For example, as Seville 3.____________(know) for flamenco, I took my parents to see an outstanding and 4.____________(impress) performance. Experiencing such 5.____________ great show with them made me enjoy it even more. Furthermore, getting to show your 6.____________(visitor) places you have discovered is a pleasing feeling, because you are eager for them to know 7.____________ you love to spend your time. You are letting them in on your new life and feel thrilled that you have the opportunity 8.____________(show) your loved ones the new places that you have fallen in love 9.____________．
So, after a two-day trip, I am very pleased to have had the time to explore the new city I live in with my parents. I am already looking forward to their next visit to show them much 10.____________(much) of what Seville has to offer and what I am still yet to discover.
1．delighted 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，意为“高兴的”，故填delighted。
2．Being 解析：考查v.-ing形式作状语的用法。设空处作原因状语，又因为you与be之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填Being。
3．is known 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。设空处是对现在事实的描述，应用一般现在时，又因为Seville与know之间是被动关系，故填is known。
4．impressive 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰performance，表示“给人深刻印象的”，故填impressive。
5．a 解析：考查不定冠词。“such＋a(n)＋形容词＋可数名词”意为“这样……的一个……”。
6．visitors 解析：考查名词复数。visitor是可数名词，且由下文中的them可知，应填名词复数形式visitors。
7．where 解析：考查连接词。设空处所在句意为：你想让他们知道你喜欢在“哪里(where)”打发时光。
8．to show 解析：考查不定式作定语的用法。opportunity后常跟不定式作定语，意为“做某事的机会”，故填to show。
9．with 解析：考查介词。fall in love with...意为“爱上……”。
10．more 解析：考查形容词比较级。由前面的much可知，应用形容词比较级，故填more。
课件21张PPT。Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorshave been findinghas been writinghas been playinghas been lyinghave been lookinghave visitedhave lefthave been tryinghave been workinghas been tellinghas already been completedhas existedhave been teachinghasn’t feltwill have gothave been playinghaven’t playedhave reacheddidn’t meethad lefthas been consideringhasn’t decidedhave been tryinghas been studyinghad startedwill have finishedarriveremain/remainedwas crossinghave been paintinghad been drivinghad been waitinghad been workingwere decorating visitedhad experiencedhas been practisinghad been studyinghad expected本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．Fortunately, we took(take) a compass when we left. Without this, we would have lost our way.
2．Since then, the detective has__been__trying(try) to find out how the murder happened and he won’t give up until he figures out the truth.
3．The students who had__finished(finish) their homework were allowed to play outside.
4．The farmers have__been__working(work) day and night in the field these days, gathering crops in case it rains.
5．You needn’t recommend this book to me because I have__read (read) it twice.
6．Hardly had we reached(reach) home when it began to rain heavily.
7．She said she would wait for me at home if I promised(promise) to visit her.
8．By the end of yesterday, we had__received(receive) over 1，000 letters from all over the world.
9．David was__wandering(wander) in the street alone when someone patted him on the shoulder.
10．My brother teaches(teach) in a high school now, and you can ask him for help.
阅读理解
When I was 16, I was a pretty outgoing teen with many friends, and took my academics seriously. But I also tended to worry a lot and could cry at the drop of a hat. Now I’m 50 years old, and, in many ways, I seem much the same: outgoing and responsible. Does that mean my personality hasn’t changed over the last half-century?
Not necessarily. Many of us tend to think of personality as being fixed. But according to a recent study, personalities are surprisingly changeable as we age. In this study, researchers made American adolescents fill out questionnaires about their personalities in the 1960s and then did again 50 years later, reporting on personal qualities. They found that people’s personality traits(特征) didn’t always stay the same over the five decades, with many people showing quite considerable changes.
“Some of the changes we saw in personality traits over the 50 years were very large，” says the lead author of the study, Rodica Damian. On the other hand, that didn’t mean people didn’t stay true to their personality traits over time. Coauthor Brent Roberts says that much of our personality does seem to stay the same—just not as much as we might expect. Moreover, the researchers found that adolescents as a group tended to become more emotionally stable, conscientious(认真的), and pleasant, suggesting a growth in social maturity(成熟)．
So our personalities are a mix of stable and unstable. Roberts advises parents and teachers to keep it in mind when they try to influence their children to be more responsible. Change, when it happens, occurs gradually rather than all at once, he says, which means we need patience with kids who are growing into themselves.
Damian argues that this research could be useful for long-term relationships. Rather than expecting someone to be the same person they were decades ago, partners would be better served by learning to value what remains constant in someone’s personality while meanwhile accepting personality changes as they occur.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人的性格会随着年龄的增长而改变，有些人的性格变化会很大。
1．Why is the story told in the first paragraph?
A．To give background information.
B．To show the author’s personality.
C．To raise doubts about personalities.
D．To lead into the main topic of the text.
D 解析：推理判断题。第一段作者通过介绍自己的故事然后引出问题Does that mean my personality hasn’t changed over the last half-century？接下来通过该问题引入本文主题。
2．How do adolescents’ personalities generally change according to the study?
A．They change at random.
B．They grow to be unstable.
C．They move in a positive direction.
D．They change quickly and completely.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Moreover, the researchers found that adolescents as a group...suggesting a growth in social maturity(成熟)。可知，青少年的性格倾向于向成熟、认真负责等好的方向发展。
3．How should parents deal with their children according to Roberts?
A．Be patient with their changes.
B．Teach them through personal example.
C．Pay close attention to their personalities.
D．Serve them well to improve their personalities.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Change, when it happens, occurs gradually...we need patience with kids who are growing into themselves.可知，父母对孩子的教育要有耐心，因为他们从青涩到成熟的改变是需要一定时间的。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．How Easy Is It to Change Your Personality?
B．How Can We Keep a Long-term Relationship?
C．How Should You Shape Your Child’s Personality?
D．How Much Can a Personality Change in a Lifetime?
D 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要说明了人的性格会随着年龄的增长而改变。
完形填空
My mother was a teacher. One day she was going through papers and found a paper __1__．
As she was __2__ the paper, a teacher told her that the student was __3__ but poor. His father was __4__ him to stop studying. My mother listened __5__， full of sympathy. Later she talked to that boy and __6__ that he was extremely talented, and his parents were poor. He was __7__ to study but his parents wouldn’t allow him to __8__. From that day my mother kept helping him with books, stationery(文具), etc.
When I was 6 years old, we left my hometown and __9__ to my father’s town. That boy kept in contact with my mother. He had __10__ his bachelor degree and wanted to excel in computers, so he decided to do MCA. But the cost was beyond his __11__. My parents decided to help him achieve his __12__. My dad took out a loan from the bank with his land as security and paid for his lessons. He excelled in his __13__ and wanted to get further education. My parents encouraged him to __14__. He attempted, and got a seat in NIT Calicut, with a scholarship of $1，000 per month. My parents were very __15__. After graduation he found a good job and offered his first month’s salary to us. My parents didn’t __16__ and asked him to help someone __17__ him.
He __18__ helped me with my studies. I felt coding wasn’t my cup of tea. He taught me and helped me to grasp it, __19__ sometimes, I didn’t call my parents if in __20__. Instead, I called him. With his help I’m studying computer science in NIT Calicut. Isn’t this a real coincidence?
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者一家帮助一位贫困学生继续上学，之后这位学生又帮助作者的故事。
1．A.normal B．terrible
C．simple D．outstanding
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者的母亲是位老师。一天她正在批阅试卷，发现其中一张试卷非常出众(outstanding)。
2．A.praising B．translating
C．coping D．printing
A 解析：当作者的母亲表扬(praising)这份试卷的时候，其中一位老师告诉了她这位学生的情况。
3．A.common B．brilliant
C．strange D．lazy
B 解析：这位学生非常杰出(brilliant)，但家里贫穷。
4．A.reminding B．warning
C．forcing D．teaching
C 解析：那孩子的父亲正迫使(forcing)他辍学。
5．A.proudly B．hopefully
C．excitedly D．carefully
D 解析：作者的母亲认真地(carefully)听了那位老师的叙述，心里充满同情。
6．A.wondered B．knew
C．imagined D．expected
B 解析：后来作者的母亲与那个孩子谈话，知道(knew)那孩子是个家庭贫寒的天才学生。
7．A.afraid B．regretful
C．willing D．nervous
C 解析：那孩子想(willing)学习。
8．A.continue B．give up
C．stay up D．escape
A 解析：那孩子热爱学习，但是他的父母不允许他继续(continue)。
9．A.rushed B．drove
C．walked D．moved
D 解析：六岁时，作者与母亲搬到了(moved)父亲工作的城镇里。
10．A.forgotten B．quit
C．completed D．missed
C 解析：那孩子完成(completed)了学士学位后，想继续学习计算机。
11．A.patience B．limit
C．choice D．knowledge
B 解析：学习计算机的费用超过了他的限度(limit)。
12．A.dream B．promise
C．duty D．equality
A 解析：作者的父母决定帮助那学生实现他的梦想(dream)。
13．A.homework B．career
C．language D．major
D 解析：那位学生在他的专业(major)上表现得非常优秀，而且他想继续深造。
14．A.relax B．leave
C．try D．work
C 解析：作者的父母鼓励他尝试(try)。
15．A.puzzled B．delighted
C．disappointed D．ashamed
B 解析：那男孩实现了自己的梦想，作者的父母非常高兴(delighted)。
16．A.accept B．believe
C．refuse D．understand
A 解析：那男孩将他的第一个月的工资给作者的父母，作者的父母没有接受(accept)。
17．A.for B．to
C．like D．with
C 解析：作者的父母没有接受男孩的工资，让他去帮助那些和他一样(like)需要帮助的人。
18．A.temporarily B．recently
C．seldom D．always
D 解析：那男孩总是(always)帮助作者学习。
19．A.but B．and
C．as D．or
B 解析：那男孩总是帮助作者，而且(and)有些时候作者会请男孩帮忙，而不是求助父母。
20．A.fact B．return
C．trouble D．reality
C 解析：作者在遇到困难(trouble)的时候，会请男孩帮忙。
语法填空
Sometimes a flying visit from a loved one is all you need to realize how settled you are in a place. And this weekend I was 1.____________(delight) to show my parents around Seville, as they came for a short but sweet visit.
2．____________(be) reunited with the people you love in a new place you feel excited. To show them around the new city also makes you happy. For example, as Seville 3.____________(know) for flamenco, I took my parents to see an outstanding and 4.____________(impress) performance. Experiencing such 5.____________ great show with them made me enjoy it even more. Furthermore, getting to show your 6.____________(visitor) places you have discovered is a pleasing feeling, because you are eager for them to know 7.____________ you love to spend your time. You are letting them in on your new life and feel thrilled that you have the opportunity 8.____________(show) your loved ones the new places that you have fallen in love 9.____________．
So, after a two-day trip, I am very pleased to have had the time to explore the new city I live in with my parents. I am already looking forward to their next visit to show them much 10.____________(much) of what Seville has to offer and what I am still yet to discover.
1．delighted 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，意为“高兴的”，故填delighted。
2．Being 解析：考查v.-ing形式作状语的用法。设空处作原因状语，又因为you与be之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填Being。
3．is known 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。设空处是对现在事实的描述，应用一般现在时，又因为Seville与know之间是被动关系，故填is known。
4．impressive 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰performance，表示“给人深刻印象的”，故填impressive。
5．a 解析：考查不定冠词。“such＋a(n)＋形容词＋可数名词”意为“这样……的一个……”。
6．visitors 解析：考查名词复数。visitor是可数名词，且由下文中的them可知，应填名词复数形式visitors。
7．where 解析：考查连接词。设空处所在句意为：你想让他们知道你喜欢在“哪里(where)”打发时光。
8．to show 解析：考查不定式作定语的用法。opportunity后常跟不定式作定语，意为“做某事的机会”，故填to show。
9．with 解析：考查介词。fall in love with...意为“爱上……”。
10．more 解析：考查形容词比较级。由前面的much可知，应用形容词比较级，故填more。
Section Ⅴ Writing
描写考古发现
文体感知
用英语介绍一件物品，属于说明文。说明文是一种常见文体，它是以简明的文字介绍事物的形状、构造、变化、功用、特征等的文章。要让说明直观、形象，使读者如临其境。
增分佳句
1．Da Keding dates back to the late Western Zhou Dynasty.大克鼎可追溯到西周末期。
2．It is assumed that Da Keding is 1of great significance to the study of the economic system and culture during the Western Zhou Dynasty.
大克鼎被认为对研究西周经济体系和文化有重要意义。
3．It is regarded as one of the precious treasures to the study of Chinese history.
它被认为是研究中国历史的宝贵财物之一。
写作模板
________， which dates back to the late ________， was discovered in ________ county, ________Province in 1990. It is preserved in ________ Museum.(介绍时间、地点及其形成的历史年代)
Made of ________， ________ is ________ cm high and weighs ________ kilograms. It is decorated with ________ and ________. Besides, ________．(重点描述外形特点及作用)
In ancient times, it is not only used to ________ but also used for ________. Therefore, it is assumed that it is of great significance to the study of ________ and ________. It is regarded as one of the precious treasures to the study of ________ history.(总结对考古研究的历史意义)
写作要求
请根据以下提示，写一篇介绍“大克鼎”的英语短文。
1．大克鼎于1890年出土于陕西省扶风县，可追溯到西周末期，现收藏于上海博物馆。
2．大克鼎由青铜铸造，高93.1厘米，重201.5千克。口沿(mouth rim)装饰有兽面纹(animal mask motif)，腹部装饰有流畅的波曲纹，内壁刻有290个字。
3．在古代，鼎是社会地位和权力的象征，也用于烹饪和祭祀仪式。大克鼎一直被认为是研究西周经济和文化的重要物品。
注意：1.词数：100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：大克鼎Da Keding；青铜bronze；腹部belly；内壁inner wall；西周Western Zhou Dynasty；祭祀的sacrificial。
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．追溯到 date__back__to
2．象征 symbolize
3．社会地位 social__status
4．祭祀仪式 sacrificial__ceremony
5．由……制成 be__made__of
6．经济体系 economic__system
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①大克鼎可追溯到西周末期。
Da Keding dates__back__to the late Western Zhou Dynasty.
②它于1890年出土于陕西省扶风县。
It__was__unearthed in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province in 1890.
③大克鼎由青铜铸造。
Da Keding was__made__of bronze.
④大克鼎高93.1厘米，重201.5千克。
Da Keding measures 93.1 cm in height and 201.5 kg in weight．
⑤它也用于烹饪和祭祀仪式。
It__was__also__used__for cooking and sacrificial ceremonies.
⑥它对研究西周经济体系和文化有重要意义。
It is of__great__significance to the study of the economic system and culture during the Western Zhou Dynasty.
2．句式升级
⑦用非限制性定语从句合并句①和句②
Da__Keding,__which__dates__back__to__the__late__Western__Zhou__Dynasty,__was__unearthed__in__Fufeng__County,__Shaanxi__Province__in__1890.
⑧用过去分词作状语将句③和句④合并
Made__of__bronze,__Da__Keding__measures__93.1__cm__in__height__and__201.5__kg__in__weight.
妙笔成篇
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One possible version：
Da Keding
Da Keding, which dates back to the late Western Zhou Dynasty, was unearthed in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province in 1890. It is now preserved in Shanghai Museum.
Made of bronze, Da Keding measures 93.1 cm in height and 201.5 kg in weight. Its mouth rim is decorated with animal mask motif and its belly (is decorated) with smooth wave-like patterns. Besides, 290 characters are neatly carved on the inner wall.
In ancient times, Ding was used to symbolize social status and power of the owner. In addition, it was used for cooking and sacrificial ceremonies. Therefore, it is assumed that Da Keding is of great significance to the study of the economic system and culture during the Western Zhou Dynasty. And it is regarded as one of the precious treasures to the study of Chinese history.
最近你校英文报开设了“Archaeological Finds”专栏，现面向全校学生征稿。请你根据表格信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍我国著名的历史文物——水晶杯(crystal glass)，并投稿。
出土时间
1990年
出土地点
浙江省杭州市半山镇石塘村
相关信息
1.战国时期器具，高15.4厘米，敞口，用优质天然水晶制成，工艺水平令人惊叹；
2．收藏于杭州博物馆，具有独特的历史和艺术价值
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：战国时期the Warring States Period；工艺craftsmanship
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One possible version：
The crystal glass, which was unearthed in Shitang village in Banshan town of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in 1990, is one of the most amazing archaeological discoveries from ancient China.
With a height of 15.4 cm and a wide opening, the glass looks no different from a modern drinking glass though it dates back to the Warring States Period. It is made of fine-quality natural crystal. If you take a closer look at this glass, you will be amazed by the superb craftsmanship the people had at that time. The glass is currently preserved in Hangzhou Museum.
Due to its great unique historical and artistic value, the crystal glass has been included as a national treasure.
课件21张PPT。Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorsdate back tosymbolizesocial statussacrificial ceremonybe made ofeconomic systemdates back to It was unearthedwas made ofmeasuresheightweightIt was alsoused forof great significance本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.alternative n．可能的选择 adj.供选择的；其他的
I had no money, so I had__no__alternative__but__to__stay__at__home(除了待在家里别无选择).
2.starvation n．挨饿；饿死
After three days without food, the men were close to starvation．If we had come later, they would__have__starved to death.(starve)
3.interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
If you interrupt others’ conversation abruptly, you will be to blame for your interruption．(interrupt)
4.assume vt.假定；设想
Assuming that you are the guide of the foreigners who are to visit our school, how would you prepare for your assumption as the guide? (assume)
5.sharpen vi.& vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰
The boy needs a pencil sharpener to sharpen his pencil, because the sharpener he has isn’t sharp．(sharpen)
6.messy adj.凌乱的；脏的
The kid made a mess in the living room, so his mother asked him to clean the messy living room quickly.(mess)
7.significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
The scientist thinks his invention is of great significance,__because it is significant to cure the patients of deadly disease.(significant)
8.accelerate vi.& vt.加速；促进
If the underdeveloped area wants to__accelerate(accelerate) its economy, the government must give a full play to financial policy.
9.arrest vt.逮捕；吸引 n．逮捕；拘留
The escaped prisoner got arrested(arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.
10.skilful adj.有技巧的；熟练的
After a few years, he became very skilful(skill) at drawing.
阅读词汇排查练
1.identify vt. 确认；识别；鉴别
2.archaeology n. 考古学
3.tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的
4.acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的
5.mat n. 席子；垫子
6.quilt n. 被子；棉被
7.beast n. 野兽
8.ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的
9.seashell n. 海贝壳
10.category n. 种类；类别；范畴
11.delete vt. 删；删除
12.scratch n. (刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠
vt. 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏
13.receptionist n. 接待员；招待员
14.skateboard n. 滑板
15.wrinkle n. 皱纹
16.academy n. 学院；学会；学术团体；院校
17.spear n. 矛；枪
18.pulse vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动
n. 脉搏；节拍
19.craftsmanship n. 技艺；手艺；精工细作
20.worship vt.&vi. 崇拜；敬奉
n. 崇拜；敬神
21.axe n. 斧；斧子
重点短语
会书写
1.regardless__of 不管；不顾
2.at__most 至多；最多
3.cut__up 切碎
4.fed__up__with 受够了；饱受；厌烦
5.look__ahead 向前看；为将来打算
6.date__back(to...) 追溯到；始于
7.concentrate__on 集中
8.search__for 寻找
9.take__turns__to__do__sth. 轮流做某事
10.can’t/couldn’t__help__doing 禁不住做某事
会应用
1.Whenever we are in trouble, we must look__ahead and encourage ourselves.
2.For example, when you are fed__up__with all the people sometimes, it is better for you to find a quiet place, listening to some classical music.
3.I believe everyone, regardless__of age or background, can come up with new ideas and excellent insights.
4.To make the soup, you should first cut__up some carrots and beef into small pieces and then put them into the port.
5.The librarian told us that we could borrow at__most three books at a time.
重点句型
1.as引导非限制性定语从句
正如古训所说，“人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。”
“You can’t judge a book by its cover，” as__the__old__saying__goes.
2.If only...！“要是……就好了！”
今年春节全家能团圆就好了！
If__only__the__whole__family__could__be__united during the Spring Festival this year！
3.only to do...作结果状语，表示意料不到的情况
他匆匆忙忙地赶往剧院，结果被告知票已卖完。
He hurried to the theatre, only__to__be__told that the tickets had been sold out.
4.It is a great pleasure to do sth.很高兴做某事
很高兴能就专业选择方面给你提供一些建议。
It__is__a__great__pleasure__to__give you some suggestions of choosing your major.
5.had done...when表示“刚一……就……”
他刚走进教室，这时铃声响了。
He had__just__entered the classroom when__the__bell__rang.
单元语法
1．Scientists all over the world have__been__looking(look) for cures for cancer for many years.
2．Jim was__wandering(wander) in the market when his father phoned him.
3．By the time we got to the railway station, the train had__left(leave)．
4．Marty has__been__working(work) really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
5．Jeff Short, a research chemist, has__been__studying(study) the effects of the spill since it occured.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．这件事过去五年了。(date back to)
2．他厌倦了学习。(be fed up with)
3．他不顾家人的反对，只身一人离开了家。(regardless of)
4．他认为自己能赚大钱。(assume)
5．(当时)他身上最多只有100元钱。(at most)
6．他到了上海后却发现诸事不顺。(only to do)
7．除了去偷、去抢外，他别无选择。(alternative)
8．最后他因为抢劫而被捕。(arrest)
9．如今他后悔了，要是能回到学校那该有多好！(if only)
10．他已决定要为将来打算，开始新的生活。(look ahead)
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One possible version：
This incident dates back to five years ago, when he was fed up with study. He left home alone regardless of objections from his family, assuming that he could make a fortune. He had at most 100 yuan on him and got to Shanghai, only to find nothing went well. He had no alternative but to steal and rob and was arrested for robbing at last. Now he regrets that if only he could go back to school! He has decided to look ahead and start a new life.
课件16张PPT。Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorshad no alternative but to stay at homestarvationwould have starvedUnit 5 Meeting your ancestorsinterruptinterruptionAssumingassumptionsharpenersharpenersharpmessmessysignificancesignificantto acceleratearrestedskilful确认；识别；鉴别考古学试探性的；不确定的有观察力的；敏锐的；席子；垫子被子；棉被野兽严重的；深刻的足够的；充足的；富裕的海贝壳种类；类别；范畴删；删除(刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏接待员；招待员滑板皱纹学院；学会；学术团体；院校矛；枪强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动脉搏；节拍技艺；手艺；精工细作崇拜；敬奉崇拜；敬神斧；斧子regardless ofat mostcut upfed up withlook aheaddate back(to...)concentrate onsearch fortake turns to do sth. can’t/couldn’t help doinglook ahead fed up with regardless ofcut upat mostas the old saying goesIf only the whole family could be unitedonly to be toldIt is a great pleasure to give had just enteredwhen the bell ranghave been lookingwas wanderinghad lefthas been workinghas been studying本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
