嫦娥四号成功着陆月球背面，随之一起的还有一个“微型生态圈”。
Chang’e-4 Spacecraft on the Far Side
This January, the Chang’e-4 probe(太空探测器) touched down in the South Pole-Aitken Basin. It was carrying instruments to analyze the unexplored region’s geology, as well to conduct biological experiments. The landing was seen as a major milestone in space exploration.
Why is this Moon landing so significant?
Previous Moon missions have landed on the Earth-facing side, but this is the first time any craft has landed successfully on the unexplored far side. Some spacecrafts have crashed into the far side, either after system failures or after they completed their mission.
The Chang’e-4 was launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China. It was directed to lower itself toward the Moon, being careful to identify and avoid obstacles.
The Chang’e-4 probe was aiming to explore a place called the Von K?rm?n crater(坑), located within
the much larger South Pole-Aitken Basin—thought to have been formed by a giant impact early in the Moon’s history.“This huge structure is over 2，500 km in diameter and about 13km deep, one of the largest impact craters in the solar system and the largest, deepest and oldest basin on the Moon，” Andrew Coates, professor of physics at UCL’s Mullard Space Science Laboratory in Surrey, told the BBC.
The science team also hopes to study parts of the sheet of melted rock that would have filled the newly formed South Pole-Aitken Basin. A third objective is to study the far-side regolith(风化层), the broken up rocks and dust that make up the surface, which will help us understand the formation of the Moon.
What else might we learn from this mission?
Chang’e-4’s static lander carried a container with live species from Earth, including cotton, potatoes, fruit flies, and arabidopsis(a flowering plant), to try to form a mini biosphere(生物圈). The arabidopsis plant may produce the first flower on the Moon, Chinese state media say.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.patent n. 专利证书；专利权
2.distinguish vi.& vt. 显示……的差别；
使……有所不同；辨别
3.__seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺
4.file n. 文件；档案；文件夹
vt. 提交；将……归档
5.ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的
拓展词汇
6.merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
7.product n．产品→produce vt.生产→production n．生产
8.abrupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地
9.convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n．方便；便利→conveniently adv.便利地；方便地
10.caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地
11.expectation n．预料；期待；期望→expect v．预料；期待；期望；认为
12.passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的→active adj.主动的；积极的
13.__merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的→merrily adv.高兴地；愉快地
14.recognition n．认出；认可；承认→recognize vt.认出
15.criterion n．(评判的)标准；尺度→pl criteria
阅读词汇
16.courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井
17.powder n. 粉末；火药
18.perfume n. 香水；香味
19.stainless adj. 无锈的；不锈的；__没有污点的
20.cube n. __立方体；立方
21.claim n．& vt. 要求；声称；主张
22.valid adj. 有效的；确凿的
重点短语
1.call__up 给……打电话
2.now__and__then 偶尔；有时
3.set__about 开始；着手
4.distinguish...from... 把……和……区别开
5.get__rid__of 除掉
6.decide__on 决定
7.apply__for 申请
8.pick__up 捡起；拿起
重点句型
1.There seem(s) to be...句式：The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there__only__seemed__to__be(好像只有) powders designed to kill snakes.
2.状语从句的省略：But once__picked__up(一旦被捡起来), they tried to bite me.
3.“only＋状语或状语从句”位于句首时，句子部分倒装：Only__after__you__have__had__that__recognition(只有你得到那个认可之后) can you say that you are truly an inventor.
4.be＋adj.＋to do sth.结构：The criteria are so strict that it is__difficult__to__get__new__ideas__accepted(新的想法很难被接受) unless they are truly novel.
Fast-reading
Skim the text and do the following exercises.
1．The purpose of writing this text is________．
A．to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill them
B．to tell people how to apply for a patent for the writer’s new idea
C．to introduce the writer’s new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent
D．to tell the readers how to get a new idea and make it a patent
答案：C
2．Divide the text into four parts and match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Para.1) A．The research on the approaches to solving the problem.
Part 2(Paras.2－3) B．The requirement of getting a patent.
Part 3(Paras.4－6) C．The attempts to catch the snakes.
Part 4(Paras.7－8) D．The demand of getting rid of the snakes.
答案：DACB
Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Why did the writer leave everything overnight at her second attempt?
A．Because the writer was afraid that the ice-cubes would melt.
B．Because the writer thought the snakes could be less active when the temperature was low.
C．Because the writer wouldn’t bother to take them back.
D．Because the snakes were poisonous.
2．The biggest advantage of the writer’s new idea is that________．
A．it makes the snakes move slowly
B．it makes the snakes hardly bite us
C．it is easier for us to kill the snakes without hurting ourselves
D．it is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing them
3．What instruments were used for catching the snakes?
A．A bowl, ice-cubes and male perfume.
B．A bowl, a bucket and female perfume.
C．A small net, ice-cubes, a bucket and a bowl.
D．A small net, a bucket and powders.
4．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．If an invention passes all the tests, it will be 18 months before the application for a patent is published.
B．If you have designed a series of computer programmes, you can apply for a research patent.
C．Unless your product is discovered really different from everybody else’s, you won’t receive a patent.
D．When a product is accepted and honoured a patent, the inventor will get money.
答案：1－4.BDCB
Study-reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.
①本句是一个由but连接的并列复合句。
②前一分句中，thing后跟省略了关系词that的定语从句I did；see后跟由if引导的________从句，该从句中又包含由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词________。
③后一分句中，过去分词短语designed to kill snakes作后置定语，修饰________。
[翻译] 我做的第一件事就是看看有没有什么产品能帮助我，但看来只有用来毒杀蛇的药粉。
答案：宾语；products；powders
2．The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
[翻译] (评定)标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖独特的，否则很难被接受。
答案：结果状语；形式；条件状语
3．Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else’s.
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②Nor will you receive a patent是主句，采用了倒装结构；until...everyone else’s是________从句，其中find out后跟that引导的________从句。
[翻译] 直到你的产品经过仔细调查后，被证明确实是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。
答案：时间状语；宾语
①call up 给……打电话
②courtyard['k??tjɑ?d]n.院子；庭院；天井
③now and then 偶尔；有时
④far from 离……远
⑤walnut['w??ln?t]n.胡桃；胡桃木
⑥get rid of 摆脱，丢弃
⑦distinguish[dIs'tI?ɡwI?]
vi.& vt.显示……的差别；
使……有所不同；辨别
⑧merciful['m??sIfl]adj.
宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的
merciless['m??sIl?s]adj.毫不怜悯的；残忍的
⑨product['pr?d?kt]n.产品
⑩powder['pa?d?]n.粉末；火药
?set about开始；着手(后可接动名词作宾语)
set about doing sth.＝set out to do sth.开始做某事
?trap[tr?p]vt.设陷阱捕捉，用捕捉器捕捉；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套；困境
?reptile n．爬行动物
?decide on决定，选定
?habitat['h?bIt?t]n.生活环境，栖息地
?perfume['p??fju?m]n.
香水；香味
?stainless['steInl?s]adj.
无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的
?jelly['d?elI]n.果冻；果冻状物
?cube[kju?b]n.立方体；立方
cubic ['kju?bIk]adj.立方的
?bucket['b?kIt]n.桶
abruptly[?'br?ptlI]adv.
突然地；唐突地
abrupt[?'br?pt] adj.突然的；意外的
convenient[k?n'vi?nI?nt]adj.便利的；方便的；就近的
It is convenient for sb. to do sth.某人做某事方便。
cool v．(使)变凉，冷却
as before 像以前那样
caution['k???n]n.小心；谨慎
with (great) caution(非常)谨慎地
examine[Iɡ'z?mIn]v.(仔细地)检查；调查；测验
expectation[?ekspek'teI?n]n.预料；期待；期望
passive['p?sIv]adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的
merrily['mer?lI]adv.高兴地；愉快地
merry ['merI]adj.愉快的；高兴的
release vt.释放；放走；松开
seize[si?z]vt.抓住；捉住；夺
seize the opportunity/chance to do sth. 抓住机会做某事；抓住做某事的机会
recognition[?rek?ɡ'nI?n]n.认出；认可；承认
criterion[kraI'tI?rI?n]n.
(pl. criteria)(评判的)标准；尺度
novel adj.新颖的
else 作定语需后置，有所有格时加在else上。
claim[kleIm]n.& vt.要求；声称；主张
valid['v?lId]adj.有效的；确凿的
file[faIl]vt.提交；将……归档n.文件；档案；文件夹
balance n．余额
【核心素养链接】
专利(patent)，从字面上是指专有的权利和利益。“专利”一词来源于拉丁语litterae patentes，意为公开的信件或公共文献，是中世纪的君主用来颁布某种特权的证明，后来指英国国王亲自签署的独占权利证书。在现代，专利一般是由政府机关或者代表若干国家的区域性组织根据申请而颁发的一种文件。这种文件记载了发明创造的内容，并且在一定时期内产生这样一种法律状态，即获得专利的发明创造在一般情况下他人只有经专利权人许可才能予以实施。在我国，专利分为发明、实用新型和外观设计三种类型。依据专利法，发明专利申请的审批程序包括受理、初审、公布、实审以及授权5个阶段。实用新型和外观设计专利申请在审批中不进行早期公布和实质审查，只有受理、初审和授权3个阶段。
THE PROBLEM OF THE SNAKES
When I called up①my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.“There are some snakes in our courtyard②，” she told me.“Snakes come near the house now and then③， and they seem to have made their home here, not far from④the walnut⑤tree.Can you get rid of⑥them please？”I felt very proud.Here was a chance for me to distinguish⑦ myself by inventing something merciful⑧that would catch snakes but not harm them．I knew my parents would not like me to hurt these living creatures!
◆该句中使用了不定式的完成式，表示make这一动作发生在主句动作之前。
◆that would catch snakes but not harm them是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词something。当先行词是something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时，只能用that引导定语从句。
The first thing I did was to see if there were any products⑨ that might help me，but there only seemed to be powdersdesigned to kill snakes. A new approach was clearly needed.I set about?researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap?them.Luckily these reptiles?are small and that made the solution easier.
◆这是一个由but连接的并列复合句。The first thing I did was to see...中I did是修饰先行词The first thing的定语从句；if there were...help me是宾语从句，作see的宾语，该从句中又包含定语从句that might help me，修饰先行词products。后一分句中含有一个常用句式there seemed to be...；designed to kill snakes为过去分词短语，作powders的后置定语。
Prepared with some research findings, I decided on?three possible approaches: firstly, removing their habitat?；secondly, attracting them into a trap using male or female perfume?or food; and thirdly cooling them so that they would become sleepy and could be easily caught. I decided to use the last one.I bought an ice-cream maker which was made of stainless?steel．Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly?， which freezes when cooled. I put the bowl into the fridge and waited for 24 hours.At the same time I prepared some ice-cubes?.
◆过去分词短语Prepared with...findings作状语。
◆现在分词短语using male or female perfume or food作方式状语。
◆so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”。
◆which was made of stainless steel是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词an ice-cream maker。
◆which freezes when cooled是which引导的非限制性定语从句。其中when cooled为状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为when it is cooled。
The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.I placed the frozen bowl over the snakes’ habitat and the ice-cubes on top of the bowl to keep it cool. Finally I covered the whole thing with a large bucket?. Then I waited.After two hours I removed the bucket and the bowl.The snakes were less active but they were still too fast for me.They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.So I had to adjust my plan.
For the second attempt I froze the bowl and the ice-cubes again but placed them over the snakes’ habitat in the evening, as the temperature was starting to cool.Then as before，I covered the bowl with the bucket and left everything overnight.Early the next morning I returned to see the result. This time with great cautionI bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy. But once picked up, they tried to bite me.As they were poisonous snakes, I clearly needed to improve my design again.
◆once picked up为状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为once they were picked up。
◆As they were poisonous snakes是As引导的原因状语从句。
My third attempt repeated the second procedure.The next morning I carried in my hand a small net used for catching fish.This was in the expectationthat the snakes would bite again.But monitored carefully, the snakes proved to be no trouble and all went according to plan.I collected the passivesnakes and the next day we merrilyreleasedthem all back into the wild.
◆in the expectation that...表示“期待……，预料……”。其中that引导同位语从句，作expectation的同位语。
◆过去分词短语monitored carefully作状语。
Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seizethe opportunity to get recognitionfor my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. The criteriaare so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel．In addition, no invention will get a patent if it is：
◆过去分词短语Pressed by...作状语。
◆“only＋状语或状语从句”位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。
◆so...that引导结果状语从句。该结果状语从句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to get new ideas accepted; get new ideas accepted属于“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
·a discovery
·a scientific idea or mathematical model
·literature or art
·a game or a business
·a computer programme
·a new animal or plant variety
Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else’s.There are a large number of patent examiners, too, whose only job is to examine whether your claimis validor not. If it passes all the tests, your application for a patent will be published 18 months from the date you apply. So I have filled in the form and filedmy patent application with the Patent Office. Now it’s a matter of waiting and hoping.You’ll know if I succeed by the size of my bank balance! Wish me luck!
◆Nor will you receive是倒装结构；nor位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。
◆whose only job is to examine whether...or not是whose引导的定语从句，修饰patent examiners。该定语从句中，动词不定式to examine作表语，whether...or not意为“是否……”，引导examine之后的宾语从句。直接与or not连用时只能用whether，不能用if。,但是一把它们提起来，它们就试图咬我。因为它们都是毒蛇，所以很显然我需要再改进我的(捕蛇)方案。
蛇患
我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她很沮丧。“我们的院子里有一些蛇，”她告诉我。“蛇时不时地爬到房子附近，似乎是在房子附近离胡桃树不远的地方安家了。你能不能把它们赶走？”我感到很自豪。这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，又不会伤害它们。我知道我父母不想让我伤害这些生物。
我做的第一件事就是看看有没有什么产品能帮助我，但看来只有用来毒杀蛇的药粉。很明显，需要一种新方法了。(于是)我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最简单的方法来捕捉它们。幸好这些爬行动物很小，这样问题比较容易解决。
经过一番研究发现准备之后，我选定了三种可能的方法：第一，移除蛇窝；第二，用男用或女用香水或食物把它们引入陷阱；第三，降低它们的体温，使它们变得困乏，这样就很容易把它们捉住了。我决定使用最后一种方法。我买了一个制冰激凌的不锈钢碗。在碗的内壁和外壁都有一些果冻，这些果冻冷却时会冻结。我把这个碗放进冰箱里冷冻了24个小时。与此同时，我还准备了一些冰块儿。
第二天早晨太阳还没高高升起我就早早起床了。我把冰冻的碗放在蛇窝的上方，再把冰块儿放在碗上使它保持冷却状态，最后再用一个大桶把碗罩住。然后我等待着。两个小时后我把桶和碗一起移开。蛇不那么活跃了，但是对我来说，它们行动还是太快了。它们一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里了。因此我不得不调整我的计划。
第二次尝试我再次冻结了碗和冰块儿，但是我是在夜晚气温开始降低的时候把它们放在蛇窝的上方的。然后像以前一样我用桶把碗罩住，并把所有东西通宵放在那儿。第二天一早我就去看结果。这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查，发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。
第三次尝试我重复了第二次的程序。第二天早晨我手拿一个捕鱼的小网。这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。但是经过仔细监视，证明这些蛇是制造不了麻烦的，一切都按计划进行着。我把这些无力抵抗的蛇捉住，第二天我们高兴地把它们全都放回野外了。
在亲戚朋友的敦促下，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，获得他们对我这成功的想法的认可。只有在得到这种认可后，你才可以说你是一个真正的发明家。(评定)标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖独特的，否则很难被接受。此外，如果你的发明属于下列情况，那么你也不可能得到专利：
·一个发现
·一个科学想法或数学模型
·文学或艺术
·一个游戏或一家公司
·一个电脑程序
·一个新的动物或植物物种
直到你的产品经过仔细调查后，被证明确实是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。(专利局)也还有一大批审查专利的人员，他们唯一的工作就是审查你的专利申请是否有效。如果通过了所有这些检验，你申请的专利就会在你提出申请的18个月之后公布出来。于是，我填了表，向专利局提交了专利权申请书。现在就剩下等待和期盼了。将来你看看我的银行账户余额就会知道我是否成功了。祝我好运吧！
阅读理解
A
There are many reasons why college and university students often fail to get full nights of sleep. Many American students are away from their parents for the first time when they attend college. They might not be used to having total freedom in how they plan their days and nights. Parties, late night study meetings, or just time spent relaxing with friends—these are all things that cut into college students’ sleep habits.
A few years ago, Michael Scullin began teaching the science of sleep to psychology students at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. The class centered round why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health problems caused by a lack of sleep. This includes difficulty focusing on studies or controlling one’s emotions, and increased risk of many diseases.
“When you are at your most sleep-deprived(睡眠不足的) is when you are least likely to be able to judge how sleepy you are, and how much that sleepiness is impacting you，” Scullin said. He said his students seemed to enjoy the class and were interested in the material he was teaching. But when he asked them whether they were choosing to get more sleep after what they had learned, most of them said no.
Scullin came up with a plan to get his students to sleep more: he offered to give them extra points on their final exam, the class’s most important test. The plan worked better than Scullin expected. All the students who took part performed better on the exam than those who did not, even before the extra credit points were added.
Scullin offered some ways to avoid health problems caused by a lack of sleep. Among these, he emphasized, parents should try to get enough sleep themselves to show its importance to their children.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要说明充足的睡眠对学生的学业表现会产生积极的促进作用。
1．What’s the main reason for American college students’ lack of sleep?
A．They are under a huge academic pressure.
B．They spend too much time on electronic products.
C．They haven’t arranged time reasonably in a new environment.
D．They don’t really understand the dangers of sleep deprivation.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Many American students...cut into college students’ sleep habits.可知，美国大学生睡眠不足主要是因为他们首次离家上学，还不知道如何合理安排大把的空闲时间。
2．What can we know about Scullin’s course?
A．It attracts few students.
B．It focuses on students’ mental health problems.
C．Many students get better sleep after taking his course.
D．Most students still refused to improve their sleep after his course.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的But when he asked...most of them said no.可知，很多学生在上完Scullin的课程后仍然拒绝改善睡眠。
3．From Scullin’s plan we can conclude that ______．
A．sleeping more may help students with their study
B．male students prefer to stay up late
C．long-term sleep habits are hard to change
D．a lack of sleep affects students’ health
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的All the students...before the extra credit points were added.可知，充足的睡眠对学生的学业表现产生了积极的促进作用。
B
Is that a piece of bark in your drink? Nope. It’s a tiny water-purifying tablet(净水片) powered by the sun.
The device comes from scientists at the Stanford University’s Institute for Materials and Energy Science. It measures 1 centimeter by 2 centimeters, about the size of half a postage stamp, and purifies water fast using a readily available resource—visible(可见的) light from the sun’s rays. The invention could let hikers (and later, people living in developing countries) clean their water quickly without resorting to(求助) other power-fueled methods, such as the tried-and-true method of boiling water.
Other devices use the sun’s rays to purify water, but only use UV light, which typically takes anywhere from several hours to two days to work. The Stanford tablet, on the other hand, takes minutes. UV light only makes up 4 percent of the total solar energy, but visible light makes up 50 percent of solar energy.
Some 663 million people lack access to clean drinking water, according to the United Nations, and almost 1，000 children a day die from preventable water-related diseases.
The tablet brought some marked early results. In an experiment, it killed 99.999 percent of bacteria after 20 minutes with 25 milliliters of water. It can be physically scaled to treat the necessary amount of water, and it’s supposed to cost just a few dollars. The researchers now are testing the device in real-world settings and hope it could be commercialized within the next three to five years.
What’s the catch? The tablet only works(so far) against bacteria, not viruses or harmful chemicals like lead. But the team plans to remove other pollutants in later tests.
“The easiest water we can treat(right now) is in outside activities, when you get water from the river and that water is not really cloudy or heavily polluted，” Chong Liu, a Stanford researcher, said.“You can put the device into the water and it can kill the bacteria.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学材料与能源科学研究所研发的一种太阳能净水片。
4．Compared with other devices using UV light, the new tablet ______．
A．is much cheaper
B．is more efficient
C．can process more water
D．can make water cleaner
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，其他设备只使用太阳光中的紫外线，所以需要几个小时到两天时间，而这款使用可见光的净水片净化水只需几分钟。
5．What is the researchers’ attitude towards the future of the device?
A．Optimistic. B．Disappointed.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据第五段中的The researchers...commercialized within the next three to five years.可知，研究人员对这款太阳能净水片的未来是非常乐观的。
6．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Millions of People Lack Clean Drinking Water
B．Various Approaches to Purifying Water for Hikers
C．Problems of Existing Water-cleaning Devices
D．Small Tablets May Make Big Differences
D 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍的是一款新研发的太阳能净水片，所以D项作文章标题更合适。
C
Most students, at one time or another, have crammed(死记硬背) for an examination. Researchers refer to this as massed trials, where objects of learning are studied all at the same time in one period. Students may be forced to cram because they have delayed or did not have an effective approach to study. Non-students may cram too, as in lawyers briefing a case, speakers preparing a speech, professors preparing a lecture and so on.
In most situations research has made it very clear that dividing the learning over many shorter periods is much more effective than trying to do it all in one big period. Surprisingly, longer intervals between learning periods are more effective than shorter intervals. For example, one study of students learning foreign-language words found that recall was highest at 56-day intervals compared to 28-day or 14-day intervals. The total amount of study time was cut in half：13 periods spaced 56 days apart produced comparable recall as 26 periods with a 14-day interval. Not enough studies have been performed to examine which spaced learning method works best for certain kinds of learning tasks, but it is clear that massed trials are not efficient.
Why does spacing work? First, in massed trials, there is not much time for each presentation to be processed in context. In spaced trials, each learning presentation occurs in a slightly different context, thus providing many cues(提示) that can be unconsciously accessed during retrieval(检索) attempts. Second, a host of recently reported studies show that each time you are re-exposed to a learning object, the memory is consolidated. Continuous consolidation events act positively on each other. Multiple consolidations do not occur in massed trials because consolidation takes many minutes or even hours.
There is no reason to think this spaced learning method is best for humans learning a variety of tasks. But it is clear that spaced learning is more effective.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了间隔学习是更有效的学习方法。
7．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A．Non-students don’t have effective approaches to study.
B．Massed trials are frequently-used methods of learning.
C．Students don’t prepare adequately for exams.
D．Students often delay their study tasks.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的Most students...have crammed(死记硬背) for an examination.以及下文中的Non-students may cram too...可判断，作者这里想要说明的现象就是人们经常会突击式地集中学习。
8．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Longer intervals between learning periods are less useful than shorter ones.
B．The most advisable interval between learning periods is two weeks.
C．Spaced learning works merely for a certain learning task.
D．Spaced learning is more efficient than massed trials.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的．..dividing the learning over many shorter periods is much more effective than trying to do it all in one big period.可知，间隔学习比集中学习更有效。
9．What does the underlined word “consolidated” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Weakened. B．Cleaned.
C．Strengthened. D．Blocked.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的．..that each time you are re-exposed to a learning object...Continuous consolidation events act positively on each other.可知，每一次当我们再次接触到学习材料时，我们的记忆就增强了。相继的增强事件又积极作用于彼此，这样人们才能更好地记住要学的知识。
10．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text?
A．To introduce an effective learning method.
B．To persuade non-students to continue to study.
C．To analyze the reasons why some people have short memories.
D．To teach students how to review the key points before the exam.
A 解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文作者旨在说明间隔学习比集中学习更有效，所以作者是在向我们推荐一种有效的学习方法。
七选五
Volunteering on the Galápagos Islands is a great way to learn about the unique ecosystems throughout the islands with a few expenses. 1.________ The Jatun Sacha Foundation Biological Reserve and Research Station in San Cristobal accepts short or long-term volunteers for a small fee in exchange for accommodation and food.
One of the main problems on the Galápagos Islands is the introduction of non-native species. To help with this problem, the foundation focuses on long-term programs for the eradication(根除) of harmful species. 2.________
The daily tasks of volunteers include seed collection, data collection, and various projects in different areas of the station. 3.________ As part of the stay, volunteers need to go on hikes to nearby lagoons, native forests, beaches, and local villages to explore the ecological and human dynamics(动态) of Galápagos.
The accommodation at the station includes two houses(containing 11 rooms each) and resting areas. The houses are simple in appearance, with room for groups of up to 45 people. Each room is equipped with electricity, but there is no Internet or telephone access. 4.________ The station has many gardens where vegetables and fruit can be picked as daily food.
5．________ It allows you to gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the wide diversity of plants and animals that can be found throughout the islands. Moreover, volunteers can have free time to visit other parts on the islands on the weekend.
A．The station is a 45-minute drive from the main town.
B．Meanwhile, it stresses developing agriculture on the islands.
C．Your companion can make all the differences in the experience.
D．As we know, the islands aren’t famous for being budget-friendly.
E．Volunteering at the research station can be a good life experience.
F．Volunteers can enjoy three meals a day and the food quality is excellent.
G．Long-term volunteers also have the opportunity to create their own projects.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍的是南美洲加拉巴哥群岛上的志愿服务项目。
1．D 解析：此空设于段中，与上一句内容存在解释关系。由上一句中with a few expenses和下一句中for a small fee可知，此空应是在说明加拉巴哥群岛上的花费问题。
2．B 解析：此空设于段尾，与上一句内容存在并列关系，说明该组织的另一个工作重心是重视发展岛屿上的农业，同时，选项中it指代上句中提到的the foundation。
3．G 解析：此空设于段中，与上一句内容存在递进关系。选项中their own projects同上句中various projects相照应，说明长期志愿者们也有机会创设自己的项目。
4．F 解析：此空设于段中，与下一句内容存在并列关系。本段主要讲了志愿者的食宿问题，由空后内容可以推测，此处应是在说明志愿者每日的饮食问题。
5．E 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段主要讲了在加拉巴哥群岛上从事志愿服务的好处，由此可知答案。
课件59张PPT。Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Inventors and inventionsUnit 3 Inventors and inventionspatentdistinguishseizefileripemercifulproduct abruptconvenientcautionexpectationpassivemerryrecognitioncriterion 院子；庭院；天井粉末；火药香水；香味无锈的；不锈的； 没有污点的立方体；立方要求；声称；主张有效的；确凿的call upnow and thenset aboutdistinguish...from...get rid ofdecide onapply forpick upthere only seemed to beonce picked upOnly after you have had that recognitionis difficult to get new ideas accepted本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
阅读理解
A
There are many reasons why college and university students often fail to get full nights of sleep. Many American students are away from their parents for the first time when they attend college. They might not be used to having total freedom in how they plan their days and nights. Parties, late night study meetings, or just time spent relaxing with friends—these are all things that cut into college students’ sleep habits.
A few years ago, Michael Scullin began teaching the science of sleep to psychology students at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. The class centered round why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health problems caused by a lack of sleep. This includes difficulty focusing on studies or controlling one’s emotions, and increased risk of many diseases.
“When you are at your most sleep-deprived(睡眠不足的) is when you are least likely to be able to judge how sleepy you are, and how much that sleepiness is impacting you，” Scullin said. He said his students seemed to enjoy the class and were interested in the material he was teaching. But when he asked them whether they were choosing to get more sleep after what they had learned, most of them said no.
Scullin came up with a plan to get his students to sleep more: he offered to give them extra points on their final exam, the class’s most important test. The plan worked better than Scullin expected. All the students who took part performed better on the exam than those who did not, even before the extra credit points were added.
Scullin offered some ways to avoid health problems caused by a lack of sleep. Among these, he emphasized, parents should try to get enough sleep themselves to show its importance to their children.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要说明充足的睡眠对学生的学业表现会产生积极的促进作用。
1．What’s the main reason for American college students’ lack of sleep?
A．They are under a huge academic pressure.
B．They spend too much time on electronic products.
C．They haven’t arranged time reasonably in a new environment.
D．They don’t really understand the dangers of sleep deprivation.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Many American students...cut into college students’ sleep habits.可知，美国大学生睡眠不足主要是因为他们首次离家上学，还不知道如何合理安排大把的空闲时间。
2．What can we know about Scullin’s course?
A．It attracts few students.
B．It focuses on students’ mental health problems.
C．Many students get better sleep after taking his course.
D．Most students still refused to improve their sleep after his course.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的But when he asked...most of them said no.可知，很多学生在上完Scullin的课程后仍然拒绝改善睡眠。
3．From Scullin’s plan we can conclude that ______．
A．sleeping more may help students with their study
B．male students prefer to stay up late
C．long-term sleep habits are hard to change
D．a lack of sleep affects students’ health
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的All the students...before the extra credit points were added.可知，充足的睡眠对学生的学业表现产生了积极的促进作用。
B
Is that a piece of bark in your drink? Nope. It’s a tiny water-purifying tablet(净水片) powered by the sun.
The device comes from scientists at the Stanford University’s Institute for Materials and Energy Science. It measures 1 centimeter by 2 centimeters, about the size of half a postage stamp, and purifies water fast using a readily available resource—visible(可见的) light from the sun’s rays. The invention could let hikers (and later, people living in developing countries) clean their water quickly without resorting to(求助) other power-fueled methods, such as the tried-and-true method of boiling water.
Other devices use the sun’s rays to purify water, but only use UV light, which typically takes anywhere from several hours to two days to work. The Stanford tablet, on the other hand, takes minutes. UV light only makes up 4 percent of the total solar energy, but visible light makes up 50 percent of solar energy.
Some 663 million people lack access to clean drinking water, according to the United Nations, and almost 1，000 children a day die from preventable water-related diseases.
The tablet brought some marked early results. In an experiment, it killed 99.999 percent of bacteria after 20 minutes with 25 milliliters of water. It can be physically scaled to treat the necessary amount of water, and it’s supposed to cost just a few dollars. The researchers now are testing the device in real-world settings and hope it could be commercialized within the next three to five years.
What’s the catch? The tablet only works(so far) against bacteria, not viruses or harmful chemicals like lead. But the team plans to remove other pollutants in later tests.
“The easiest water we can treat(right now) is in outside activities, when you get water from the river and that water is not really cloudy or heavily polluted，” Chong Liu, a Stanford researcher, said.“You can put the device into the water and it can kill the bacteria.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学材料与能源科学研究所研发的一种太阳能净水片。
4．Compared with other devices using UV light, the new tablet ______．
A．is much cheaper
B．is more efficient
C．can process more water
D．can make water cleaner
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，其他设备只使用太阳光中的紫外线，所以需要几个小时到两天时间，而这款使用可见光的净水片净化水只需几分钟。
5．What is the researchers’ attitude towards the future of the device?
A．Optimistic. B．Disappointed.
C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据第五段中的The researchers...commercialized within the next three to five years.可知，研究人员对这款太阳能净水片的未来是非常乐观的。
6．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Millions of People Lack Clean Drinking Water
B．Various Approaches to Purifying Water for Hikers
C．Problems of Existing Water-cleaning Devices
D．Small Tablets May Make Big Differences
D 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍的是一款新研发的太阳能净水片，所以D项作文章标题更合适。
C
Most students, at one time or another, have crammed(死记硬背) for an examination. Researchers refer to this as massed trials, where objects of learning are studied all at the same time in one period. Students may be forced to cram because they have delayed or did not have an effective approach to study. Non-students may cram too, as in lawyers briefing a case, speakers preparing a speech, professors preparing a lecture and so on.
In most situations research has made it very clear that dividing the learning over many shorter periods is much more effective than trying to do it all in one big period. Surprisingly, longer intervals between learning periods are more effective than shorter intervals. For example, one study of students learning foreign-language words found that recall was highest at 56-day intervals compared to 28-day or 14-day intervals. The total amount of study time was cut in half：13 periods spaced 56 days apart produced comparable recall as 26 periods with a 14-day interval. Not enough studies have been performed to examine which spaced learning method works best for certain kinds of learning tasks, but it is clear that massed trials are not efficient.
Why does spacing work? First, in massed trials, there is not much time for each presentation to be processed in context. In spaced trials, each learning presentation occurs in a slightly different context, thus providing many cues(提示) that can be unconsciously accessed during retrieval(检索) attempts. Second, a host of recently reported studies show that each time you are re-exposed to a learning object, the memory is consolidated. Continuous consolidation events act positively on each other. Multiple consolidations do not occur in massed trials because consolidation takes many minutes or even hours.
There is no reason to think this spaced learning method is best for humans learning a variety of tasks. But it is clear that spaced learning is more effective.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了间隔学习是更有效的学习方法。
7．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A．Non-students don’t have effective approaches to study.
B．Massed trials are frequently-used methods of learning.
C．Students don’t prepare adequately for exams.
D．Students often delay their study tasks.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的Most students...have crammed(死记硬背) for an examination.以及下文中的Non-students may cram too...可判断，作者这里想要说明的现象就是人们经常会突击式地集中学习。
8．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．Longer intervals between learning periods are less useful than shorter ones.
B．The most advisable interval between learning periods is two weeks.
C．Spaced learning works merely for a certain learning task.
D．Spaced learning is more efficient than massed trials.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的．..dividing the learning over many shorter periods is much more effective than trying to do it all in one big period.可知，间隔学习比集中学习更有效。
9．What does the underlined word “consolidated” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Weakened. B．Cleaned.
C．Strengthened. D．Blocked.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的．..that each time you are re-exposed to a learning object...Continuous consolidation events act positively on each other.可知，每一次当我们再次接触到学习材料时，我们的记忆就增强了。相继的增强事件又积极作用于彼此，这样人们才能更好地记住要学的知识。
10．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text?
A．To introduce an effective learning method.
B．To persuade non-students to continue to study.
C．To analyze the reasons why some people have short memories.
D．To teach students how to review the key points before the exam.
A 解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文作者旨在说明间隔学习比集中学习更有效，所以作者是在向我们推荐一种有效的学习方法。
七选五
Volunteering on the Galápagos Islands is a great way to learn about the unique ecosystems throughout the islands with a few expenses. 1.________ The Jatun Sacha Foundation Biological Reserve and Research Station in San Cristobal accepts short or long-term volunteers for a small fee in exchange for accommodation and food.
One of the main problems on the Galápagos Islands is the introduction of non-native species. To help with this problem, the foundation focuses on long-term programs for the eradication(根除) of harmful species. 2.________
The daily tasks of volunteers include seed collection, data collection, and various projects in different areas of the station. 3.________ As part of the stay, volunteers need to go on hikes to nearby lagoons, native forests, beaches, and local villages to explore the ecological and human dynamics(动态) of Galápagos.
The accommodation at the station includes two houses(containing 11 rooms each) and resting areas. The houses are simple in appearance, with room for groups of up to 45 people. Each room is equipped with electricity, but there is no Internet or telephone access. 4.________ The station has many gardens where vegetables and fruit can be picked as daily food.
5．________ It allows you to gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the wide diversity of plants and animals that can be found throughout the islands. Moreover, volunteers can have free time to visit other parts on the islands on the weekend.
A．The station is a 45-minute drive from the main town.
B．Meanwhile, it stresses developing agriculture on the islands.
C．Your companion can make all the differences in the experience.
D．As we know, the islands aren’t famous for being budget-friendly.
E．Volunteering at the research station can be a good life experience.
F．Volunteers can enjoy three meals a day and the food quality is excellent.
G．Long-term volunteers also have the opportunity to create their own projects.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍的是南美洲加拉巴哥群岛上的志愿服务项目。
1．D 解析：此空设于段中，与上一句内容存在解释关系。由上一句中with a few expenses和下一句中for a small fee可知，此空应是在说明加拉巴哥群岛上的花费问题。
2．B 解析：此空设于段尾，与上一句内容存在并列关系，说明该组织的另一个工作重心是重视发展岛屿上的农业，同时，选项中it指代上句中提到的the foundation。
3．G 解析：此空设于段中，与上一句内容存在递进关系。选项中their own projects同上句中various projects相照应，说明长期志愿者们也有机会创设自己的项目。
4．F 解析：此空设于段中，与下一句内容存在并列关系。本段主要讲了志愿者的食宿问题，由空后内容可以推测，此处应是在说明志愿者每日的饮食问题。
5．E 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段主要讲了在加拉巴哥群岛上从事志愿服务的好处，由此可知答案。
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
call up 给……打电话；使……想起；唤醒
(教材P20)When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.
我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她很沮丧。
call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召
call at (火车等)停靠；拜访(某地)
call in 召集；请来
call back 回电话；收回
call for 需要；要求；接(人或物)
call off 取消
①The teacher’s praise called up memories of my mother’s encouragement.
老师的表扬勾起了我对母亲鼓励的回忆。
②The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.
政府号召青年义务献血。
[即学即练]——用call的相关短语填空
①The Ministry of Education calls__on students to exercise for an hour every day.
②I called__up Nancy, but it was her daughter who answered the phone.
③As we all know, success calls__for much hard work.
[能力提升]——微写作
④关于友谊的这句谚语使我想起了去年我经历的一件难忘的事。
The saying concerning friendship calls__up__one__unforgettable__thing that I went through last year.
now and then 偶尔；有时
(教材P20)Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, not far from the walnut tree.
蛇时不时地爬到房子附近来，似乎是在房子附近离胡桃树不远的地方安家了。
①We haven’t seen each other for years, but we chat online now and then. 我们已有多年未见面了，但是我们会时不时地在网上聊天。
②At times I feel that I want to leave this job.
有时我真想辞职。
[能力提升]——微写作
尽管我们之间偶尔会有争吵，但我们相处得非常好。
We get along quite well though there__are__quarrels__between__us__now__and__then/occasionally/once__in__a__while．
distinguish vi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
(教材P20)Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.
这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，又不会伤害它们。
(1)distinguish between A and B 区分A和B
distinguish...from... 把……与……区分开来
distinguish oneself (as/for...) (作为/因为……而)出名
(2) distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的
be distinguished for... 因……而出名
be distinguished as... 作为……而出名
①Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.
阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。
②The man distinguished himself for a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.
这个人因其在治疗癌症方面有了重大突破而扬名。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It’s important to distinguish reality from__dreams in our daily life.
②Distinguished for her great breakthrough, Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
③Honestly speaking, I admire your distinguished(distinguish) achievements.
set about 开始；着手(about是介词，其后常接名词或动名词)
(教材P20)I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. (于是)我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到最简单的方法来捕捉它们。
set off 出发，动身；引爆
set down 写下，记下
set aside 留出；把……置于一旁
set up 建立，创立；竖起
set out (to do) 开始(做)；出发；动身；安排；
摆放；陈列
①He set about doing his homework after supper.
晚饭后他开始做家庭作业。
②I try to set aside some time each day to do some exercise.
我每天尽量腾出一些时间锻炼身体。
set about/out意为“开始(做)……”时，set about后接名词、动名词形式作宾语，而set out后跟动词的不定式作宾语。
[即学即练]——用set的相关短语填空
①After the terrible earthquake, the people set__out to rebuild their homes.
＝After the terrible earthquake, the people set__about rebuilding their homes.
②As soon as Henry graduated from university, he__set__up his own business in London.
③A great many boys were__setting__off fireworks in the street during the Spring Festival.
④Mr.White sets__aside one hour each day for exercise. That’s why he is always energetic.
convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的
(教材P20)They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall. 它们一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里了。
(1)It is convenient for sb. to do sth.
某人做某事是方便的。
(2)convenience n. 方便；便利
at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
for convenience 为了方便起见
①My secretary will call you to arrange a convenient time to meet.
我的秘书会打电话给你安排一个方便的时间见面。
②These meals can be prepared in advance, and served at your convenience.
这些饭菜可以预先准备好，在你方便时端上来吃。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①For convenience(convenient) the German translation is printed below.
②In a word, if we had such a magic watch, our life would become more convenient(convenience)．
[能力提升]——微写作
③( 2019·全国卷Ⅲ)如果你方便，我将在那天晚上7点音乐厅入口处见你。
If__it__is__convenient__for__you,__I’ll meet you at the entrance of the music hall at 7：00 that evening.
caution n．[U] 小心；谨慎；警告
(教材P20)This time with great caution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy.
这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查，发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。
(1)with caution 小心地
(2)cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的
be cautious about/of sth. 对某事小心谨慎
be cautious to do sth. 做某事小心谨慎
①We must download files with caution from the Internet.
从网上下载文件时我们必须谨慎。
②I’ve always been very cautious about giving my address to strangers.
我总是很小心，不轻易把我的地址给陌生人。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We must be cautious to__handle(handle) the problem.
②He told us to deal with the dangerous work with caution (cautious)．
expectation n．预料；期待；期望；预期；希望，
盼望；指望
(教材P21)This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. 这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。
(1)above/below expectations 高于/低于预期
beyond (one’s) expectations 出乎意料(好于预期)
live up to (one’s) expectations 达到预期；不辜负(某人的)期望
in expectation of 期待；指望；预料
(2)expect vt. 期待；预料
expect (sb.) to do sth. 期望(某人)做某事；
预料(某人)做某事
①He offered to undertake the task in expectation of obtaining his boss’s appreciation.
他主动承担这项任务，希望得到老板的赏识。
②The final results are beyond our expectations.
最终的结果出乎我们的意料。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I wish you could live up to the __expectations__(expect) of our school and I am looking forward to hearing from you.
②I expect my brother to__take(take) part in this project.
seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺
(教材P21)Pressed by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.
在亲戚朋友的敦促下，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，获得他们对我这成功的想法的认可。
seize sb.by the arm/collar 抓住某人的胳膊/衣领
seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会
①We should seize the opportunity to work hard to achieve our goal.
我们应乘机努力实现我们的目标。
②The man seized me by the arm and begged me to bring his son back to life.
这个人抓住我的胳膊，乞求我使他的儿子复活。
[能力提升]——微写作
我决定抓住机会来吸引她全部的注意力。
I decided__to__seize__the__chance/opportunity__to attract her full attention.
there seemed to be...似乎有……
(教材P20)The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.
我做的第一件事就是看看有没有什么产品能帮助我，但看来只有用来毒杀蛇的药粉。
(1)there seemed to be...是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。
(2)there be句型的常见结构或变体：
there used to be＋其他
there being...，＋句子(独立主格结构)
there＋seems/happens/appears to be＋其他
there＋stands/lives/exists/remains/lies/comes/...＋其他
①There seems to be endless work waiting for him to do.
好像有无数的活儿等他去做。
②There being no chance to win, they had to give it up.
由于没有赢的可能性，他们只好放弃了。
[能力提升]——微写作
①在我们的大楼前面矗立着一棵大树。
There__stands__a__big__tree in front of our building.
②过去有一座桥横跨这条河。
There__used__to__be a bridge across the river.
③当我们身处困境时，碰巧那儿有个警察。
There__happened__to__be a policeman there when we were in trouble.
so...that...引导结果状语从句
(教材P21)The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
(评定)标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖独特的，否则很难被接受。
(1)so...that...“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句，其用法如下：
so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that...
so many/much...that...
so few/little...that...
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
(2)such...that...也可引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，其用法如下：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that...
such＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋that...
such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that...
①Keeping a learning diary every day is so important that I would like to introduce it to you. 每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。
②He has so much homework to do that he can’t go out to play with his friends. 他有那么多的家庭作业要做，因此他不能与朋友外出玩耍。
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)The newly-built stadium__is__so__big__that__(那么大以至于) it can hold all the teachers and students in our school.
(高级表达)So__big__is__the__newly-built__stadium__that__it can hold all the teachers and students in our school.(倒装句)
品句填词
1．The man who hit 9 people in a row had drunk so much that his mind could no longer distinguish(辨别) between fantasy and reality.
2．The abrupt(突然的，意外的) change of time schedule gave the passengers lots of trouble.
3．All the researches suggest that quitting smoking and avoiding passive (被动的) smoking are good for our health.
4．I am so glad that my job interview should be so successful, which is far from my expectation(期望)．
5．The old woman held the vase with caution(小心) which was passed on from generation to generation.
6．The witness told the police that the deserted girl was adopted by a merciful(仁慈的) old couple.
7．Those bananas aren’t ripe(成熟的) yet—they’re still green.
8．Success in making money is not always a good criterion(标准) of success in life.
9．This meeting is of great importance and if it is convenient(方便的) for you, come at six o’clock please.
10．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing(抓住) opportunities can one succeed.
单句改错
1．It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man between the other animals.between→from
2．The kind lady usually is mercifully to those homeless people.mercifully→merciful
3．I was doing an experiment when Li Hua called me off.off→up
4．As soon as he drank up his coffee, he set about to working again.去掉to
5．When she arrived at her destination, the first thing which she did was to find a hotel to settle down.去掉which/which→that
6．When seeing on the top of the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.seeing→seen
完成句子
1．根据我们的计划，这个夏天似乎没有旅行的机会了。
According to our plan, there__seems__to__be no chance to travel in this summer.
2．一接到任务秘书就立即着手工作了。
On receiving the assignment, the secretary at once set__about__working．
3．只有等失去了，你才知道友谊的重要性。
Only when it is lost can__you__realize the importance of friendship.
4．有人问她时，她证实了她将要退休。
When__asked,__she confirmed that she was going to retire.
5．(全国卷Ⅲ)如果你方便的话，让我们8：30在学校门口外碰头。
If__it’s__convenient__for__you,__let’s meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.
课文语法填空
When the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1.on the phone, she learned that snakes came near their house and 2.that the snakes seemed to have made their home near their house. When her mother asked her to get rid of them, the writer felt proud and considered it a chance for her 3.to__distinguish(distinguish) herself by inventing something 4.merciful(mercy) that would catch snakes but not harm them. She set about 5.researching(research) the habits of snakes. She decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught. However, her first two attempts were not successful. As 6.a result, she had to attempt a 7.third(three) time, which helped her fulfill her aim 8.successfully(success). She was so 9.delighted(delight) that she 10.was__determined/determined(determine) to send her invention to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.
单句语法填空
1．Statistics should be treated with caution.
2．In order to achieve high grades and distinguish yourself(you) in the contest, you need to improve your handwriting.
3．Would it be convenient(convenience) for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?
4．It is so cold that you can’t go outside unless fully covered(cover) in thick clothes.
5．There seems to__be(be) plenty of evidence to prove water once existed on Mars.
6．He is always so busy with his work that he has no choice but to go to see his parents occasionally(occasion)．
7．He is a very merciful(mercy) man as he always shows great sympathy for those homeless animals.
8．They took me ice-skating on a frozen(freeze) lake.
9．Our conversation ended abruptly(abrupt) when George burst into the room.
10．You will be asked to fill in/out a form with details of your birth and occupation.
阅读理解
In 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the first plane, which looked quite different than the ones you fly today. It was made of wood and cloth, and there were no seats—the pilot, who was the only person on the plane, had to lie flat on the wing, completely out in the open! Luckily, that plane didn’t fly very high or far.
Today, most planes are made out of metal, and passengers sit safely inside. Planes usually fly about seven miles high in the sky, and the biggest ones can reach halfway around the world! But despite the differences, they both use the same science to fly. The following two principles play a major role in the flight: thrust and lift.
Thrust is when an object is pushed forward with force. Planes use their jet engines to achieve thrust: the engines take in air, press it, mix it with gas, and burn the mixture in a burst of energy that shoots out the back of the engine, which pushes the plane forward. Lift is the force that drives a plane upward and keeps it in the air. In order to produce lift, planes rely on their wings. The top of the wing bulges out(凸起) to create a smooth bump. When the wing moves through air, incoming air particles(粒子) either go above or below it. Thanks to the bump, the air on top of the wing moves faster than the air on the bottom of the wing. The high air pressure pushes the wing up, creating lift.
Thrust and lift are always fighting two other things: drag and gravity. You can feel drag if you put your hand out the window of a moving car. Planes need to have enough thrust to overcome the amount of drag it produces, so they’re designed to have air flow as smoothly as possible. Lift can overcome gravity if it’s strong enough—the engineers who build planes have to find the perfect wing size and flying speed to allow the plane to take off, based on the weight of the plane.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。从怀特兄弟发明飞机到现在，飞机发生了巨大的变化。但飞机飞行的基本原理是什么呢？影响飞机飞行的因素又是什么呢？
1．What was so different about the first plane?
A．It had no engine inside.
B．It produced much noise.
C．It had no seat for anyone.
D．It was made out of metal.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的It was made of word and cloth, and there were no seats—the pilot, who was the only person on the plane, had to lie flat on the wing可知，怀特兄弟制造的第一架飞机的材料是木头和布，里面没有座位，飞行员得平躺在机翼上飞行。
2．How does the author mainly develop the third paragraph?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order.
D．By providing explanations.
D 解析：写作手法题。作者在第三段主要介绍了空气流动产生的推力和升力，并解释了飞机如何利用这两种动力飞行。
3．What do engineers do with planes to fight gravity?
A．Overcome the amount of drag.
B．Create the right amount of lift.
C．Reduce the weight of the plane.
D．Change the level of air pressure.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据末段中的Lift can overcome gravity if it’s strong enough可知答案。
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．The materials for making the first plane.
B．The development of modern planes.
C．The principles for how a plane flies.
D．The things that influence flight.
C 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在飞机飞行中起主要作用的两个原理，即推力和升力。
完形填空
Everyone wants to avoid failure. Some of us go to great lengths to stay out of its __1__； however, sometimes, there’s no way around it. Failure __2__ no matter how big or small it is. Some failures are minor, like one’s __3__ to learn the piano or to sing and later giving up. Other failures are bigger, like failing in important exams.
When I was in high school, I was bad at math. Just 3 months before the College Entrance Examinations, our school __4__ a practice exam. I barely scored 32/100. I was __5__ and almost gave up because I wanted to escape the __6__， afraid that I would be left out. However, I was still falling back on the __7__ that I wasn’t the one who is good at math but the one good at literature. In a word, I __8__ self-confidence.
The better __9__ was that I didn’t give up the last __10__ after all. Fortunately, I had a __11__ teacher and a true guide who __12__ me and helped me raise my morale(士气). I won’t forget that he __13__ coached and enlightened(开导) me，__14__ I made up my mind to do well and I worked at these math problems late into the night.__15__， I scored 92/100 in math on the College Entrance Examinations.
Looking back on my life, I was once so used to __16__ that I couldn’t bear the pain of failures. I was __17__ that I didn’t give up. After that exam I __18__ failure isn’t the end of the world. It’s just the beginning of __19__ even better. Learn of your failure to __20__ yourself and you will do better than what you once thought.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在老师的帮助下提高了数学成绩，从而明白失败并不可怕，只要不放弃就一定能成功。
1．A.path B．nature
C．street D．reality
A 解析：根据句意，我们中的一些人会尽力避开失败，绕开失败所行的路径(path)而走。
2．A.grows B．hurts
C．spreads D．changes
B 解析：不管失败大小，它都会令人痛苦(hurts)。
3．A.happening B．refusing
C．admitting D．attempting
D 解析：有的失败是小的，比如有人试图(attempting)学习钢琴或唱歌，后来放弃了。
4．A.canceled B．arranged
C．delayed D．passed
B 解析：在距离高考三个月的时候，作者的学校安排了(arranged)一次模拟考试。
5．A.polite B．satisfied
C．depressed D．confident
C 解析：作者觉得非常沮丧(depressed)，几乎想要放弃。
6．A.situation B．operation
C．direction D．motivation
A 解析：作者想逃离这种糟糕的境遇(situation)。
7．A.guide B．duty
C．news D．excuse
D 解析：根据语境，作者依然依赖于支撑他失败的借口(excuse)：他不善于数学，善于文学。
8．A.regained B．had
C．lacked D．increased
C 解析：作者缺乏(lacked)自信。
9．A.truth B．subject
C．chance D．advice
A 解析：根据语境，好的真相(truth)是作者最终没有放弃最后的尝试。
10．A.lesson B．try
C．aim D．reason
B 解析：作者说他毕竟没有放弃最后的尝试(try)。
11．A.brave B．humorous
C．great D．generous
C 解析：根据下文可知，作者有一位优秀的(great)老师。
12．A.encouraged B．forced
C．impressed D．ordered
A 解析：老师鼓励(encouraged)作者，帮助作者提高士气。
13．A.angrily B．excitedly
C．nervously D．patiently
D 解析：老师耐心地(patiently)教授和开导作者。
14．A.unless B．but
C．so D．or
C 解析：根据语境，老师如此全心全意地帮助自己，所以(so)作者下决心好好学习。
15．A.Finally B．Normally
C．Repeatedly D．Immediately
A 解析：最终(Finally)作者得了92分。
16．A.dreaming B．winning
C．concentrating D．lying
B 解析：回顾自己的生活，作者觉得自己以前太习惯于赢(winning)。
17．A.frightened B．regretful
C．shy D．proud
D 解析：作者很自豪(proud)自己最终没有放弃。
18．A.doubt B．suppose
C．understand D．expect
C 解析：通过那次考试，作者懂得了(understand)失败并不是世界末日。
19．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
B 解析：失败只是某些更好的事情的开端。
20．A.improve B．enjoy
C．forget D．treat
A 解析：根据语境，作者建议读者从失败中学习并提高(improve)自己。
短文改错
Today my father drove me visit my uncle in the countryside. On our way back home, we noticed a family struggling in the middle on the road as their car break down. Though my father was tiring after driving for two and a half hour, he stopped to give them a ride in his tiny car. The family of three struggled to make a room for each other. My father said he was sorry that his car wasn’t comfortable for them. Heard this, the daughter of the family replied, “Your car is small, and your heart is big.Thank you for your kind.”That is always nice to do all we can to make a difference.
答案：
Today my father drove me visit my uncle in the countryside. On our way back home, we noticed a family struggling in the middle the road as their car down. Though my father was after driving for two and a half ， he stopped to give them a ride in his tiny car. The family of three struggled to make room for each other. My father said he was sorry that his car wasn’t comfortable for them. this, the daughter of the family replied, “Your car is small, your heart is big.Thank you for your .” is always nice to do all we can to make a difference.
课件38张PPT。Unit 3 Inventors and inventionscalls oncalled upcalls forcalls up one unforgettablethingfromfordistinguishedset outset aboutset upsetting offsets asideconvenienceconvenientIf it is convenient for youto handlecautionexpectations to takedecided to seize the chance/opportunity toThere stands a big treeThere used to beThere happened to beis so big thatSo big is the newly-built stadium that本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．The man who hit 9 people in a row had drunk so much that his mind could no longer distinguish(辨别) between fantasy and reality.
2．The abrupt(突然的，意外的) change of time schedule gave the passengers lots of trouble.
3．All the researches suggest that quitting smoking and avoiding passive (被动的) smoking are good for our health.
4．I am so glad that my job interview should be so successful, which is far from my expectation(期望)．
5．The old woman held the vase with caution(小心) which was passed on from generation to generation.
6．The witness told the police that the deserted girl was adopted by a merciful(仁慈的) old couple.
7．Those bananas aren’t ripe(成熟的) yet—they’re still green.
8．Success in making money is not always a good criterion(标准) of success in life.
9．This meeting is of great importance and if it is convenient(方便的) for you, come at six o’clock please.
10．In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing(抓住) opportunities can one succeed.
单句改错
1．It is the superior intelligence and the use of language that distinguish man between the other animals.between→from
2．The kind lady usually is mercifully to those homeless people.mercifully→merciful
3．I was doing an experiment when Li Hua called me off.off→up
4．As soon as he drank up his coffee, he set about to working again.去掉to
5．When she arrived at her destination, the first thing which she did was to find a hotel to settle down.去掉which/which→that
6．When seeing on the top of the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.seeing→seen
完成句子
1．根据我们的计划，这个夏天似乎没有旅行的机会了。
According to our plan, there__seems__to__be no chance to travel in this summer.
2．一接到任务秘书就立即着手工作了。
On receiving the assignment, the secretary at once set__about__working．
3．只有等失去了，你才知道友谊的重要性。
Only when it is lost can__you__realize the importance of friendship.
4．有人问她时，她证实了她将要退休。
When__asked,__she confirmed that she was going to retire.
5．(全国卷Ⅲ)如果你方便的话，让我们8：30在学校门口外碰头。
If__it’s__convenient__for__you,__let’s meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.
课文语法填空
When the writer called up her mother in the countryside 1.on the phone, she learned that snakes came near their house and 2.that the snakes seemed to have made their home near their house. When her mother asked her to get rid of them, the writer felt proud and considered it a chance for her 3.to__distinguish(distinguish) herself by inventing something 4.merciful(mercy) that would catch snakes but not harm them. She set about 5.researching(research) the habits of snakes. She decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught. However, her first two attempts were not successful. As 6.a result, she had to attempt a 7.third(three) time, which helped her fulfill her aim 8.successfully(success). She was so 9.delighted(delight) that she 10.was__determined/determined(determine) to send her invention to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.
单句语法填空
1．Statistics should be treated with caution.
2．In order to achieve high grades and distinguish yourself(you) in the contest, you need to improve your handwriting.
3．Would it be convenient(convenience) for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?
4．It is so cold that you can’t go outside unless fully covered(cover) in thick clothes.
5．There seems to__be(be) plenty of evidence to prove water once existed on Mars.
6．He is always so busy with his work that he has no choice but to go to see his parents occasionally(occasion)．
7．He is a very merciful(mercy) man as he always shows great sympathy for those homeless animals.
8．They took me ice-skating on a frozen(freeze) lake.
9．Our conversation ended abruptly(abrupt) when George burst into the room.
10．You will be asked to fill in/out a form with details of your birth and occupation.
阅读理解
In 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the first plane, which looked quite different than the ones you fly today. It was made of wood and cloth, and there were no seats—the pilot, who was the only person on the plane, had to lie flat on the wing, completely out in the open! Luckily, that plane didn’t fly very high or far.
Today, most planes are made out of metal, and passengers sit safely inside. Planes usually fly about seven miles high in the sky, and the biggest ones can reach halfway around the world! But despite the differences, they both use the same science to fly. The following two principles play a major role in the flight: thrust and lift.
Thrust is when an object is pushed forward with force. Planes use their jet engines to achieve thrust: the engines take in air, press it, mix it with gas, and burn the mixture in a burst of energy that shoots out the back of the engine, which pushes the plane forward. Lift is the force that drives a plane upward and keeps it in the air. In order to produce lift, planes rely on their wings. The top of the wing bulges out(凸起) to create a smooth bump. When the wing moves through air, incoming air particles(粒子) either go above or below it. Thanks to the bump, the air on top of the wing moves faster than the air on the bottom of the wing. The high air pressure pushes the wing up, creating lift.
Thrust and lift are always fighting two other things: drag and gravity. You can feel drag if you put your hand out the window of a moving car. Planes need to have enough thrust to overcome the amount of drag it produces, so they’re designed to have air flow as smoothly as possible. Lift can overcome gravity if it’s strong enough—the engineers who build planes have to find the perfect wing size and flying speed to allow the plane to take off, based on the weight of the plane.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。从怀特兄弟发明飞机到现在，飞机发生了巨大的变化。但飞机飞行的基本原理是什么呢？影响飞机飞行的因素又是什么呢？
1．What was so different about the first plane?
A．It had no engine inside.
B．It produced much noise.
C．It had no seat for anyone.
D．It was made out of metal.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的It was made of word and cloth, and there were no seats—the pilot, who was the only person on the plane, had to lie flat on the wing可知，怀特兄弟制造的第一架飞机的材料是木头和布，里面没有座位，飞行员得平躺在机翼上飞行。
2．How does the author mainly develop the third paragraph?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order.
D．By providing explanations.
D 解析：写作手法题。作者在第三段主要介绍了空气流动产生的推力和升力，并解释了飞机如何利用这两种动力飞行。
3．What do engineers do with planes to fight gravity?
A．Overcome the amount of drag.
B．Create the right amount of lift.
C．Reduce the weight of the plane.
D．Change the level of air pressure.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据末段中的Lift can overcome gravity if it’s strong enough可知答案。
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．The materials for making the first plane.
B．The development of modern planes.
C．The principles for how a plane flies.
D．The things that influence flight.
C 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在飞机飞行中起主要作用的两个原理，即推力和升力。
完形填空
Everyone wants to avoid failure. Some of us go to great lengths to stay out of its __1__； however, sometimes, there’s no way around it. Failure __2__ no matter how big or small it is. Some failures are minor, like one’s __3__ to learn the piano or to sing and later giving up. Other failures are bigger, like failing in important exams.
When I was in high school, I was bad at math. Just 3 months before the College Entrance Examinations, our school __4__ a practice exam. I barely scored 32/100. I was __5__ and almost gave up because I wanted to escape the __6__， afraid that I would be left out. However, I was still falling back on the __7__ that I wasn’t the one who is good at math but the one good at literature. In a word, I __8__ self-confidence.
The better __9__ was that I didn’t give up the last __10__ after all. Fortunately, I had a __11__ teacher and a true guide who __12__ me and helped me raise my morale(士气). I won’t forget that he __13__ coached and enlightened(开导) me，__14__ I made up my mind to do well and I worked at these math problems late into the night.__15__， I scored 92/100 in math on the College Entrance Examinations.
Looking back on my life, I was once so used to __16__ that I couldn’t bear the pain of failures. I was __17__ that I didn’t give up. After that exam I __18__ failure isn’t the end of the world. It’s just the beginning of __19__ even better. Learn of your failure to __20__ yourself and you will do better than what you once thought.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者在老师的帮助下提高了数学成绩，从而明白失败并不可怕，只要不放弃就一定能成功。
1．A.path B．nature
C．street D．reality
A 解析：根据句意，我们中的一些人会尽力避开失败，绕开失败所行的路径(path)而走。
2．A.grows B．hurts
C．spreads D．changes
B 解析：不管失败大小，它都会令人痛苦(hurts)。
3．A.happening B．refusing
C．admitting D．attempting
D 解析：有的失败是小的，比如有人试图(attempting)学习钢琴或唱歌，后来放弃了。
4．A.canceled B．arranged
C．delayed D．passed
B 解析：在距离高考三个月的时候，作者的学校安排了(arranged)一次模拟考试。
5．A.polite B．satisfied
C．depressed D．confident
C 解析：作者觉得非常沮丧(depressed)，几乎想要放弃。
6．A.situation B．operation
C．direction D．motivation
A 解析：作者想逃离这种糟糕的境遇(situation)。
7．A.guide B．duty
C．news D．excuse
D 解析：根据语境，作者依然依赖于支撑他失败的借口(excuse)：他不善于数学，善于文学。
8．A.regained B．had
C．lacked D．increased
C 解析：作者缺乏(lacked)自信。
9．A.truth B．subject
C．chance D．advice
A 解析：根据语境，好的真相(truth)是作者最终没有放弃最后的尝试。
10．A.lesson B．try
C．aim D．reason
B 解析：作者说他毕竟没有放弃最后的尝试(try)。
11．A.brave B．humorous
C．great D．generous
C 解析：根据下文可知，作者有一位优秀的(great)老师。
12．A.encouraged B．forced
C．impressed D．ordered
A 解析：老师鼓励(encouraged)作者，帮助作者提高士气。
13．A.angrily B．excitedly
C．nervously D．patiently
D 解析：老师耐心地(patiently)教授和开导作者。
14．A.unless B．but
C．so D．or
C 解析：根据语境，老师如此全心全意地帮助自己，所以(so)作者下决心好好学习。
15．A.Finally B．Normally
C．Repeatedly D．Immediately
A 解析：最终(Finally)作者得了92分。
16．A.dreaming B．winning
C．concentrating D．lying
B 解析：回顾自己的生活，作者觉得自己以前太习惯于赢(winning)。
17．A.frightened B．regretful
C．shy D．proud
D 解析：作者很自豪(proud)自己最终没有放弃。
18．A.doubt B．suppose
C．understand D．expect
C 解析：通过那次考试，作者懂得了(understand)失败并不是世界末日。
19．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
B 解析：失败只是某些更好的事情的开端。
20．A.improve B．enjoy
C．forget D．treat
A 解析：根据语境，作者建议读者从失败中学习并提高(improve)自己。
短文改错
Today my father drove me visit my uncle in the countryside. On our way back home, we noticed a family struggling in the middle on the road as their car break down. Though my father was tiring after driving for two and a half hour, he stopped to give them a ride in his tiny car. The family of three struggled to make a room for each other. My father said he was sorry that his car wasn’t comfortable for them. Heard this, the daughter of the family replied, “Your car is small, and your heart is big.Thank you for your kind.”That is always nice to do all we can to make a difference.
答案：
Today my father drove me visit my uncle in the countryside. On our way back home, we noticed a family struggling in the middle the road as their car down. Though my father was after driving for two and a half ， he stopped to give them a ride in his tiny car. The family of three struggled to make room for each other. My father said he was sorry that his car wasn’t comfortable for them. this, the daughter of the family replied, “Your car is small, your heart is big.Thank you for your .” is always nice to do all we can to make a difference.
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担
2.forehead n. 额头
3.tap vt.& vi. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲
n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头
4.wire n. 金属线， 电线
5.stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的
6.court__n. 法庭；法院；朝廷
拓展词汇
7.freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→freeze v．冰冻→frozen adj.冻结的
8.identification n．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明→identify v．认出；识别；鉴定→identity n．身份；同一性
9.innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence n．天真；清白
10.associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴→association n．联合；联想；社团；协会
11.practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的→practice n．实践；练习→impractical adj.不切实际的；不现实的
12.competence n．能力；胜任；本领→competent adj.能胜任的；有能力的；称职的
阅读词汇
13.glue n. 胶；胶水
vt. 粘贴；粘合
14.greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商
(pl) 蔬菜水果店
15.rainfall n. 降雨
16.lantern n. 灯笼；提灯
17.jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱
18.dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的
19.straw n. 稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管
20.current n. (水或气)流；电流
adj. 现在的；当前的
21.refrigerator n. 冰箱
22.extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸
23.version n. 版本；译本
24.personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员
重点短语
1.set__out__(to__do) 开始(做)
2.dive__into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
3.hang__on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
4.search__for 搜寻；寻找
5.out__of__order 次序颠倒；发生故障
6.get__through 设法联系上(尤指打通电
话)；(设法)做完；通过
7.ring__back 回复电话
8.ring__off 挂断电话
重点句型
1.every time引导时间状语从句：Every__time(每当) you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.
2.祈使句＋and＋陈述句：Follow__it__up,__explore__all__around__it(跟踪下去，不断探索), and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
3.It is/was...that...强调句型：It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit that__led__to__his__most__famous__invention(促成了他最著名的发明)—the telephone in 1876.
4.现在分词短语作状语：Being__very__stable(非常稳定), it has proved invaluable in the design of bridges.
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Alexander Graham Bell invented the microphone because________．
A．he was interested in the microphone
B．he liked inventing anything he liked
C．he wanted to help deaf people like his mother to communicate with others
D．he had nothing to do but kill the time
2．What was NOT included in Alexander Graham Bell’s experiment mentioned in the passage?
A．A straw. B．A microphone.
C．Smoked glass. D．A deaf man’s ear drum.
3．From the whole passage we can see that Alexander Graham Bell was a ________ person.
A．poor B．creative
C．rich D．kind
4．The main idea of the passage is about________．
A．Alexander Graham Bell’s life
B．Alexander Graham Bell’s life and inventions
C．Alexander Graham Bell’s inventions
D．how Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone
答案：1－4.CBBB
①lead sb.to do sth.使得/引导某人做某事
②microphone['maIkr?f??n]n.麦克风；话筒
③press...against按/压……靠/贴着
④forehead['f?rId]n.额头
⑤beaten track被踩出来的路；常规；惯例
⑥occasionally[?'keI??n?lI]adv.偶然地；不时地
⑦dive into迅速把手伸入；一心投入
⑧before you know it不知不觉之间
⑨(be) worth doing sth.值得做某事，doing在此用主动形式表示被动含义。
occupy['?kjupaI]vt.占用；占据
?dynamic[daI'n?mIk]adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的
?set out (to do)开始(做)
set about (doing)开始(做)
?multiple['m?ltIpl]adj.
多种的；多样的；多类型的
n．倍数
?original[?'rId??nl]adj.
原来的，起初的，最早的；首创的，独创的；原作的
?dot[d?t]n.点；小圆点 vt.以小圆点标出；分散
?tap[t?p]vt.& vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲
n．轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头
?wire['waI?]n.金属丝；电线
?in a(n)．..order按……顺序
?at a time每次；逐一，依次
at one time曾经；同时，一次
?experiment with用……做实验；试用……
straw[str??]n.稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管
the last/final straw压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草，终于使人不堪忍受的最后一件事(或因素等)
a flash of inspiration灵机一动
reproduce[?ri?pr?'dju?s]vt.复制；再现……的形象或声音
current['k?r?nt]n.(水或气)流；电流 adj.现在的；当前的
be aware of意识到
be aware that...意识到……
lay on安装；提供
helicopter['helIk?pt?]n.
直升飞机
triangle['traI??ɡl]n.三角形；三角形物体
tetrahedron[?tetr?'hi?drn]n.
四面体
stable['steIbl]adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的
invaluable[In'v?lj??bl]adj.
无价的；极宝贵的
associate[?'s???IeIt]vt.联想；联系
[?'s???I?t]n.同伴；伙伴
be associated with与……有联系
practical['pr?ktIkl]adj.实际的；实践的；实用的
【核心素养链接】
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔(Alexander Graham Bell，1847年3月3日—1922年8月2日)，美国发明家、企业家。他获得了世界上第一台可用的电话机的专利权，创建了贝尔电话公司。贝尔的主要成就是发明了电话。此外，他还制造了助听器，改进了爱迪生发明的留声机。他对聋哑语的发明贡献甚大。他写的文章和小册子的数目超过100。1881年，他为了发现美国总统詹姆士·加菲尔德体内的子弹设计了一个检验金属的装置，成为X光机的前身。他还创立了英语聋哑教育促进协会。
ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL
Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Scotland, but when he was young his family moved to Boston, USA.His mother was almost entirely deaf, so Alexander became interested in helping deaf people communicate and in deaf education. This interest led him to invent① the microphone②. He found that by pressing his lips against③his mother’s forehead④， he could make his mother understand what he was saying．
◆make sb. do sth.使某人做某事。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作saying的宾语。
He believed that one should always be curious and his most famous saying was：
“Leave the beaten track⑤ occasionally⑥ and dive into⑦ the woods.Every time you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it⑧， you will have something worth thinking⑨about to occupy⑩ your mind.All really big discoveries are the result of thought.”
◆Every time you do是时间状语从句，every time作连词，意为“每当……时”。主句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词something。
It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic?spirit that led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876. Bell never set out? to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple?telegraph.This original? telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code (a series of dots?tapped?out along a wire?in a particular order?). But only one message could go at a time?. Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time. He designed a machine that would separate different sound waves and allow different conversations to be held at the same time. But he found the problem difficult to solve.One day as he was experimenting with?one end of a strawjoined to a deaf man’s ear drum and the other to a piece of smoked glass, Bell noticed that when he spoke into the ear, the straw drew sound waves on the glass.Suddenly he had a flash of inspiration.If sound waves could be reproducedin a moving electrical current, they could be sent along a wire.In searching to improve the telegraph, Bell had invented the first telephone!
◆该句是强调句，强调句子的主语this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit。
◆what he was trying to design是what引导的主语从句。
◆现在分词短语using Morse code作方式状语。
◆so that引导目的状语从句。
◆that引导定语从句，修饰先行词machine。
◆过去分词短语joined to a deaf man’s ear drum作后置定语。
Bell was fully aware ofthe importance of his invention and wrote to his father：
“The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water or gas—and friends will talk to each other without leaving home.”
◆本句为and连接的并列句，在第一个分句中when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water or gas为when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词The day，但该定语从句并没有紧跟着先行词，而是被主句的谓语is coming给分开了，所以这是一个分隔式定语从句。
The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson．The words have now become famous：
◆此处是not until的强调句型。
“Mr Watson—come here—I want to see you.”
Alexander Graham Bell was not a man to rest and he interested himself in many other areas of invention.He experimented with helicopterdesigns and flying machines.While searching for a kite strong enough to carry a man into the air, Bell experimented putting trianglestogether and discovered the tetrahedronshape. Being very stable, it has proved invaluablein the design of bridges.
◆While searching...air为状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为：While he was searching...air。
◆现在分词短语Being very stable作状语，表示原因。
Bell was an inventor all his life.He made his first invention at eleven and his last at seventy-five. Although he is most often associatedwith the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practicalsolutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life.
亚历山大·格雷
厄姆·贝尔
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1847年出生于苏格兰。但在他还小的时候，他家就搬到了美国的波士顿。他的母亲几乎什么也听不见，因此他对帮助聋人交流和聋人教育产生了兴趣。这一兴趣促使他发明了麦克风。他发现当他把嘴唇贴到母亲的额头上时，他就可以使母亲听懂他说的话。
他认为一个人应当具有好奇心。他最著名的一句话是：
“偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。当你这么做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。所有真正伟大的发现都是思考的结果。”
正是这种对问题的探索和富有活力的精神成就了他那最著名的发明——1876年发明的电话。贝尔并非一开始就想要发明电话，他本来想设计的东西是多路电报。这种原始的电报用莫尔斯电码长距离传送信息(莫尔斯电码是通过电线发出的以特定次序敲击出的一连串点、划)。但一次只能发一条信息。贝尔想对它进行改进，以便同时发出好几条信息。他设计了一种机器，这种机器能把不同的声波分开，并能同时承载不同的通话。但是他发现这个问题难以解决。有一天做试验，他把一根干草的一端和一个聋人的耳鼓膜连接起来，把另一端与一块被烟熏过的玻璃连接起来。贝尔发现，当他对着耳朵说话的时候，这根干草就把声波“画”在了玻璃上。突然他灵机一动。如果声波能够通过流动的电流再现，那么声波就可以用电线发送了。在探索改进电报的过程中，贝尔发明了第一台电话机！
贝尔充分认识到他这项发明的重要性，于是写信给他的父亲：
“将电报线安装到各家各户的日子即将到来，就像水和煤气通到各家各户一样。朋友们不必离开家就可以彼此通话了。”
贝尔于1876年获取了这项专利，但是他在五天之后才跟他的助手华生通了第一次电话。他们的通话现在成了名言：
“华生先生——来吧——我想见你。”
亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔是个闲不住的人，他对许多其他领域的发明都感兴趣。他用直升机模型和飞行器做实验。他在寻找一种强到足以把人带上天空的风筝时，试着把三角形拼装在一起，因此发现了四面体。这种四面体非常稳固，已被证明在桥梁设计中极有价值。
贝尔一生中都在发明创造。他11岁时就有了第一项发明，而他的最后一项发明则是在他75岁时完成的。虽然人们常把他和电话的发明联系起来，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的可行方案。
bear vt.(bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担；结果(实)；生育
[一词多义]——写出下列句中bear的含义
①Bearing a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her children.负担
②I can not bear his speaking to me in that rude manner.忍受
③Some of the newly-planted apple trees have also begun to bear.结果实
④She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育
can’t bear doing/to do sth. 不能忍受做某事
bear a heavy burden 肩负重担
bear/keep...in mind 记住……
[能力提升]——词汇升级
⑤(普通表达)My mother often reminds me to remember that failure is the mother of success.
(高级表达)My mother often reminds me to bear__in__mind that failure is the mother of success.
associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴
(教材P26)Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody’s life. 虽然人们常把他和电话的发明联系起来，但是他的确是一名永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的可行方案。
(1)associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道
associate...with... 把……和……联系在一起
be associated with... 和……有关
(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
in association with... 与……合伙/合作
①I feel honored to have the chance to live，work and associate with them.
我觉得很荣幸有机会和他们一起生活、工作和相处。
②We are working in association with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
我们正在联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①If you associate with positive people, you are definitely going to achieve success.
②Health is frequently thought to__be__associated(associate) with a balanced diet and plenty of exercise.
[能力提升]——一句多译
很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。
③There are many serious health problems which__are__associated__with__smoking．(定语从句)
④There are many serious health problems associated__with__smoking．(过去分词短语作定语)
hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住；坚持(to sth.)
(教材P26)Hang on, please.
请稍等。
call/ring up 打电话
call/ring back 回复电话；再打电话
ring off 挂断电话
hang up 挂断电话
hold on 别挂断电话；坚持
①Although we have been defeated, we must hang on.
尽管被打败了，但我们必须坚持下去。
②The line was busy and the operator asked if I’d like to hang on.电话占线了，接线员问我是否愿意等一下。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Someone called me up last night, but he hung up before I could answer it.
②Hang on,__please. I’ll switch you to the manager.
③It’s not easy to learn English well, but if you hang on,__you will succeed sooner or later.
④He’s not in; why don’t you ring__back after 6 o’clock?
out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障；有毛病；状况不佳
(教材P26)I’m sorry, but this phone is out of order.
对不起，这部电话坏了。
in order 整齐；状况良好；按顺序
in order of 按……顺序
in good order 秩序井然
put/keep...in order 使……井然有序
①I’m afraid that the machine is out of order and it needs repairing. 恐怕机器出故障了，需要修理。
②Just give me five minutes to put my desk in order.
给我五分钟整理一下书桌。
[能力提升]——微写作
母亲总是责备儿子把东西放得乱七八糟，但令她满意的是，他今天把它们整理好了。
The mother was always scolding his son for leaving things out__of__order,__but to her satisfaction, he put__them__in__order__today.
get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽
[一词多义]——写出下列句中get through的含义
①When you get through the work, let’s go for a walk.(设法)做完
②I couldn’t get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then.打通电话
③Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.通过
④The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完
get across 被理解；使人了解
get away with 被放过；受到从轻发落
get down to 开始认真处理/对待
get over 克服
get on 进展；进步
get in 收获
Anyway，we’re here now，so let’s get down to some serious work.
不管怎样，我们来了，那就让我们着手做些要紧的活儿吧。
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤毕业是一个向那些帮助你度过艰难岁月的人表示感谢的美好时刻。
Graduation is a good time to thank those who__help__you__get__through__the__tough__years．
祈使句＋and＋陈述句
(教材P25)Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。
(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...，＋主句
(2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...，＋主句
(3)名词词组＋and＋陈述句
①Follow your doctor’s advice，and you will get better soon.
遵从医生的建议，你很快就会好的。
②Give up smoking, or/otherwise you may die of lung cancer.
如果你不戒烟，那你可能会死于肺癌。
③One more hour, and we will do the job better.
再给一个小时，我们会把工作做得更好。
[能力提升]——一句多译
充分利用各种条件，我们就能取得成功。
①Make__the__most__of__all__kinds__of__conditions，and we will achieve success.
②If__you__make__the__most__of__all__kinds__of__conditions，we will achieve success.(条件状语从句)
③Making__the__most__of__all__kinds__of__conditions，we will achieve success.(现在分词短语作状语)
品句填词
1．They sang and danced merrily(高兴地) and had a wonderful party.
2．One freezing(严寒的) December day, I was driving to the market on an icy road when I saw a man lying on the ground.
3．Watching the innocent(天真无邪的) smile on the little girl’s face, I couldn’t help being moved.
4．There is a locked drawer in my office, where many important files(档案) are kept.
5．He would like to buy a pot made of stainless(不锈的) steel, because it looks nice and lasts longer.
6．In my opinion, your brother has the competence(能力) in running a company well.
7．Mrs Brown opened the box with great caution(谨慎), and took out the Chinese vase.
8．The couple seized(抓住) this good opportunity and made a large amount of money.
9．Mr Zhang tapped(轻拍) me on the shoulder, saying“Nothing can prevent you from realizing you dream.”
10．The Tesla test car was equipped with special side wheels that could help keep the vehicle stable(稳定的) during the ride.
选词填空
call up; now and then; hang on; ring off; out of order; get through; ring back; set out
1．The doctors set__out to perform the operation after a careful physical examination.
2．My cell phone was out__of__order yesterday. As a result, many people, including my parents, couldn’t contact me.
3．Don’t ring__off,__Peter. Your brother wants to talk about something with you.
4．Please hang__on and I’ll tell Mr Smith that he is wanted on the phone at once.
5．Mr King stopped now__and__then to chat with elderly men and women on their way to the market nearby.
6．When Shirley comes back from work, I will tell her to ring you back．
7．What happened to you last night? I phoned you several times but couldn’t get__through to you.
8．Mrs Brown called__up and asked whether we could go for a picnic with her family.
完成句子
1．我认为由机器人来完成最危险和最累人的工作的日子快要到来了。
I think the days when__the__most__dangerous__and__tiring__work__can__be__done__by__robots__are__coming．
2．正是她的决心和她父母的支持使她成了一名出色的画家。
It__was__her__determination__and__her__parents’__support__that__made__her__become an excellent painter.
3．继续攀登吧，你会欣赏到更美的景色。
Keep__climbing__and__you__can__enjoy more beautiful scenery.
4．我爸爸不支持我的计划，也不允许我妈妈借钱给我。
My father didn’t support my plan, and__nor__did__he__allow__my__mother__to__lend__me__money．
5．众所周知，当我们处境困难时，我们的朋友向我们伸出援助之手并帮助我们度过困难时期。
As is known to us, our friends lend us a hand when we are in trouble and help__us__get__through the difficult situations.
课文语法填空
Alexander Graham Bell was born in Scotland, but when he was young his family 1.moved(move) to Boston, USA. The most famous 2.invention(invent) in his life was the telephone in 1876. In fact, Bell never set out 3.to__invent(invent) the telephone and 4.what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph. However, in search of how to improve the telegraph, Bell had invented 5.the first telephone. He was fully aware 6.of the importance of the invention 7.because this invention would provide too much convenience for people. The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later 8.that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson. Bell invented a lot of things all his life. Although he is most often 9.associated(associate) with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical 10.solutions(solution) to improve the quality of everybody’s life.
单句语法填空
1．This old man is thought to__be__associated(associate) with the terrible crime.
2．Form(form) good habits of learning and you will improve your learning efficiency.
3．He has achieved what he set out to__do(do) three years ago.
4．Although she was found guilty, the young lady continued to insist on her innocence(innocent)．
5．Whenever you have a practical(practice) plan, just carry it out immediately.
6．I can’t bear living(live) with her；she is always complaining about something.
7．It was not until five days later that he heard about the accident.
8．Robert dived into his wallet and took out a handful of pennies.
9．For some reason, he didn’t attend the meeting held(hold) yesterday afternoon.
10．Suzhou, known(know) for gardening, is rich in ancient buildings.
阅读理解
A
When you think about creativity, some highly creative people like Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein may spring to mind. They were all considered to be “geniuses” for their somewhat special talents leading to global innovation(革新) in their fields. Their type of creativity is what’s known as “Big C creativity” and is not very common in everyday life. Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world.
But we all have creative qualities that can help as we solve life’s problems and make decisions. It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability to consider options and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal experience or what we have learned. These examples are known as “small c creativity”. It is the small c creativity that makes human society develop over centuries, which sets us apart from other animals. And it is also this creativity that can be found in our education system and the workplace.
Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. But it is increasingly realized that creativity actually exists among all subjects. Training teachers to ask particular types of questions can be one way to help support creativity. So, it is important that children should have a “complete education” because working out solutions to problems and explanations is a creative process.
In a rapidly changing world, creativity is important for people and society on many levels. This is why creative thinking must be a key priority in education. Research also shows “thinking creatively” is more important than “creativity”. After all, it’s creative thinking that leads to problem solving and innovation in a range of areas.Then it is necessary for you to know more about creative thinking.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了创造力的相关知识。
1．Which word can best describe people with “Big C creativity”？
A．Common. B．Unique.
C．Confident. D．Independent.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的They were all considered to be “geniuses”．..Not all of us can create works...that are new to the world.可推断，具有“大C创造力”的群体稀少而独特。
2．According to Paragraph 2, “small c creativity” ________．
A．sets us apart from those geniuses
B．cannot get noticed at an early age
C．allows people to better deal with daily matters
D．is not likely to help people advance in their careers
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的But we all have creative qualities that can help as we solve life’s problems and make decisions...what we have learned.可知“小c创造力”帮助人们更好地处理日常事务。
3．What does Paragraph 3 imply?
A．Creativity can be achieved through study.
B．School education focuses less on creativity.
C．Children should spend more time learning arts.
D．Teachers’ teaching results largely depend on their creativity.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Training teachers to ask particular types of questions...it is important that children should have a “complete education” because working out solutions...可推断，教育有助于创造力的培养，因此创造力可以通过学习来习得。
4．What may be probably talked about after this text?
A．What creative thinking is.
B．Some creative learning styles.
C．How to improve small c creativity.
D．The effect of creativity on mental health.
A 解析：文章结构题。根据最后一段中的This is why creative thinking must be a key priority in education...to know more about creative thinking.可知，最后一段引出创造性思维的话题，因此下文很可能会针对其进行探讨。
B
Remember the TV show Green Acres? This story is a little like that, only with more animals and an even better ending.
“My wife of 24 years, AnnMarie Roberts, was raised in New York City, worked in the fashion industry, and never got her hands dirty，” wrote Keith Roberts in the magazine Country Woman. “Then, nine years ago, I wanted to move home to Florida and reconnect to my country roots, but how would I inspire the same feeling in, well, a city woman? I brought her a two-month-old pig.”
AnnMarie, then 46, was smitten(突然着迷). Soon she took in another pig that had been abandoned. And thus began Sugarloaf Mountain Ranch(牧场), her animal sanctuary(庇护所) in central Florida. With the couple’s two children grown up, these creatures would now be AnnMarie’s babies.
The ranch now has 300 rescues, from alpacas to donkeys, each with its own story. AnnMarie gets five to ten requests a day to save animals and has to turn most down.“If she can’t rescue the animal, she works with that person to find a solution，” Keith says.“She’s not only saving animals; she’s giving their owners peace of mind.”
“A woman called from hospital，” AnnMarie said.“Her pigs would be put down if she couldn’t find a suitable home.‘I only have a few months, and I need to know that they’ll be safe，’ she said.” So AnnMarie drove for three hours to get them.
Soon after, AnnMarie received a note from the woman’s daughter.“Dear AnnMarie，” she wrote.“My mom passed away peacefully, and I owe part of that to you. She was worried about Bailey and Smitten, but she left knowing that they will be forever loved. Thank you for being Mom’s angel.”
“She is a ball of energy，” Keith wrote.“Sometimes she runs around trying to do so many things at the same time that she finds herself in a difficult situation, like when she locked herself in the chicken cage. I found her sitting in the cage with ten chicks nestled in her lap, which is exactly what they’d expect from a true mother hen.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了救济动物的牧场主AnnMarie和她丈夫的故事。
5．Why did Keith give AnnMarie a pig?
A．To let her kill time.
B．To push her to love animals.
C．To help her connect with nature.
D．To encourage her to build a ranch.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Then, nine years ago, I wanted to move home to Florida...I brought her a two-month-old pig.可知，为了能让AnnMarie与大自然建立感情，Keith送给她一只小猪。
6．What can we learn about Sugarloaf Mountain Ranch?
A．It provides a loving home for animals.
B．It mainly aims to save sick animals.
C．It is educational for pet owners.
D．It centers on raising pigs.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的And thus began Sugarloaf Mountain Ranch...With the couple’s two children grown up, these creatures would now be AnnMarie’s babies及第四段中的The ranch now has 300 rescues, from alpacas to donkeys, each with its own story.可知，Sugarloaf Mountain Ranch为动物们提供了一个温暖的家。
7．What did the note show about AnnMarie’s behavior?
A．It was meaningful and helpful.
B．It was unusual and unnatural.
C．It was inappropriate.
D．It was simple.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的My mom passed away peacefully...Thank you for being Mom’s angel.可推断，AnnMarie的行为对病床上的那位女士来说意义非凡，是AnnMarie让那位女士不用担心自己的猪没人照顾而可以放心地离开。
8．Which of the following can best describe AnnMarie?
A．Patient and humorous.
B．Energetic and talkative.
C．Considerate and caring.
D．Courageous and devoted.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据AnnMarie热心救助动物并能设身处地为动物主人考虑的故事可知，AnnMarie是个热心友爱、能为他人着想的人。
七选五
The Many Benefits of Student Research
Many college students conduct research of a topic within their major or particular interest. Although some may find the thought of undergraduate research boring or difficult, it is an excellent opportunity from which almost every college student can benefit. Participating in research can help you：
Determine your area of interest.
If you are confident about your major but not sure what your specific interest is, doing research is a great way to try different things. 1.________ You’ll be able to learn about different topics within your major.
Excel(出众) in many courses.
Gaining extra knowledge about your major can assist you in many of your classes. If you take a course that deals with something you have already deeply researched, you will have an upper hand.2.________
Improve your technological skills.
Getting familiar with doing research and using different tools will prepare you for any future research you will need to conduct. 3.________ Having these skills on your resume(简历) is something some employers look for when hiring.
4．________
Not only can you use your research as an example of what type of work you can do, but you may even be able to get hired for a job because of your work. If you make a new discovery or one that has important value, this can make you attractive to many employers.
Sharpen your communication skills.
When conducting research, you are most likely going to need help from someone. 5.________ Whether it is working with others on the task at hand or contacting(联系) a librarian for research assistance, communication skills are always needed.
A．Develop critical thinking skills.
B．Stand out in your future career.
C．This can help you gain a better understanding and a higher grade.
D．This includes researching during graduate school and/or your career.
E．This can include professors, group members, librarians, other researchers, etc.
F．Researching teaches you to think outside the box to solve the problem in front of you.
G．You can figure out what you want to focus on while gaining information and useful skills.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学生做研究的五个好处。
1．G 解析：根据该段小标题Determine your area of interest.及设空处上文的If you are confident about your major but not sure what your specific interest is, doing research is a great way to try different things.可知，如果你不确定自己对专业内的具体哪个方面感兴趣，那么做研究会帮助你尝试不同的事物，并最终找到自己的兴趣所在。G项是对上文的进一步解释。
2．C 解析：根据上文中的If you take a course that deals with something you have already deeply researched, you will have an upper hand.可知，如果你在上这门课之前就已经对所学内容进行了深入的研究，那么你就会有很大的优势。这会帮助你对这门课有一个更深入的了解，而且会帮助你取得高分。upper hand在这里意为“优势”。C项与上文构成递进关系。
3．D 解析：根据上文中的Getting familiar with doing research and using different tools will prepare you for any future research you will need to conduct.可知，熟知做研究的不同方法会让你在未来的研究中更加得心应手。设空处列举了未来可能遇到的研究。D项承接上文。
4．B 解析：根据下文中的If you make a new discovery or one that has important value, this can make you attractive to many employers.可知，如果你有一项意义重大的新发现，这将使你在工作中脱颖而出，得到众多雇主的青睐。B项是对该段的总结。
5．E 解析：根据上文中的When conducting research, you are most likely going to need help from someone.及下文中的Whether it is working with others...skills are always needed.可知，在做研究的过程中，你会向不同的人寻求帮助，这就包括教授、组员、图书管理员或者其他研究者，在与他们接触的过程中，你的沟通技巧会得到提高。E项在这里承上启下，符合此处语境。
课件56张PPT。Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsbearforeheadtapwirestablecourtfreezing identification innocentassociatepracticalcompetence胶；胶水粘贴；粘合蔬菜水果商蔬菜水果店降雨灯笼；提灯堵塞；阻塞；果酱充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管(水或气)流；电流现在的；当前的冰箱电话分机；扩大；延伸版本；译本人力资源；人事部；全体人员发展变化的set out (to do)dive intohang onsearch forout of orderget throughring backring offEvery timeFollow it up, explore all around itthat led to his most famous Being very stableinvention负担忍受结果实生育bear in mindwithto be associatedwhich are associatedassociated withsmokingwith smokingupupononback out of orderput them in order(设法)做完 打通电话通过用完who help you getthrough the tough yearsMake the most of all kinds of conditionsIf you make the most of all kinds of conditionsMaking the most of all kinds of conditions本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．They sang and danced merrily(高兴地) and had a wonderful party.
2．One freezing(严寒的) December day, I was driving to the market on an icy road when I saw a man lying on the ground.
3．Watching the innocent(天真无邪的) smile on the little girl’s face, I couldn’t help being moved.
4．There is a locked drawer in my office, where many important files(档案) are kept.
5．He would like to buy a pot made of stainless(不锈的) steel, because it looks nice and lasts longer.
6．In my opinion, your brother has the competence(能力) in running a company well.
7．Mrs Brown opened the box with great caution(谨慎), and took out the Chinese vase.
8．The couple seized(抓住) this good opportunity and made a large amount of money.
9．Mr Zhang tapped(轻拍) me on the shoulder, saying“Nothing can prevent you from realizing you dream.”
10．The Tesla test car was equipped with special side wheels that could help keep the vehicle stable(稳定的) during the ride.
选词填空
call up; now and then; hang on; ring off; out of order; get through; ring back; set out
1．The doctors set__out to perform the operation after a careful physical examination.
2．My cell phone was out__of__order yesterday. As a result, many people, including my parents, couldn’t contact me.
3．Don’t ring__off,__Peter. Your brother wants to talk about something with you.
4．Please hang__on and I’ll tell Mr Smith that he is wanted on the phone at once.
5．Mr King stopped now__and__then to chat with elderly men and women on their way to the market nearby.
6．When Shirley comes back from work, I will tell her to ring you back．
7．What happened to you last night? I phoned you several times but couldn’t get__through to you.
8．Mrs Brown called__up and asked whether we could go for a picnic with her family.
完成句子
1．我认为由机器人来完成最危险和最累人的工作的日子快要到来了。
I think the days when__the__most__dangerous__and__tiring__work__can__be__done__by__robots__are__coming．
2．正是她的决心和她父母的支持使她成了一名出色的画家。
It__was__her__determination__and__her__parents’__support__that__made__her__become an excellent painter.
3．继续攀登吧，你会欣赏到更美的景色。
Keep__climbing__and__you__can__enjoy more beautiful scenery.
4．我爸爸不支持我的计划，也不允许我妈妈借钱给我。
My father didn’t support my plan, and__nor__did__he__allow__my__mother__to__lend__me__money．
5．众所周知，当我们处境困难时，我们的朋友向我们伸出援助之手并帮助我们度过困难时期。
As is known to us, our friends lend us a hand when we are in trouble and help__us__get__through the difficult situations.
课文语法填空
Alexander Graham Bell was born in Scotland, but when he was young his family 1.moved(move) to Boston, USA. The most famous 2.invention(invent) in his life was the telephone in 1876. In fact, Bell never set out 3.to__invent(invent) the telephone and 4.what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph. However, in search of how to improve the telegraph, Bell had invented 5.the first telephone. He was fully aware 6.of the importance of the invention 7.because this invention would provide too much convenience for people. The patent was given in 1876, but it was not until five days later 8.that Bell sent his first telephone message to his assistant Watson. Bell invented a lot of things all his life. Although he is most often 9.associated(associate) with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical 10.solutions(solution) to improve the quality of everybody’s life.
单句语法填空
1．This old man is thought to__be__associated(associate) with the terrible crime.
2．Form(form) good habits of learning and you will improve your learning efficiency.
3．He has achieved what he set out to__do(do) three years ago.
4．Although she was found guilty, the young lady continued to insist on her innocence(innocent)．
5．Whenever you have a practical(practice) plan, just carry it out immediately.
6．I can’t bear living(live) with her；she is always complaining about something.
7．It was not until five days later that he heard about the accident.
8．Robert dived into his wallet and took out a handful of pennies.
9．For some reason, he didn’t attend the meeting held(hold) yesterday afternoon.
10．Suzhou, known(know) for gardening, is rich in ancient buildings.
阅读理解
A
When you think about creativity, some highly creative people like Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein may spring to mind. They were all considered to be “geniuses” for their somewhat special talents leading to global innovation(革新) in their fields. Their type of creativity is what’s known as “Big C creativity” and is not very common in everyday life. Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world.
But we all have creative qualities that can help as we solve life’s problems and make decisions. It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability to consider options and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal experience or what we have learned. These examples are known as “small c creativity”. It is the small c creativity that makes human society develop over centuries, which sets us apart from other animals. And it is also this creativity that can be found in our education system and the workplace.
Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. But it is increasingly realized that creativity actually exists among all subjects. Training teachers to ask particular types of questions can be one way to help support creativity. So, it is important that children should have a “complete education” because working out solutions to problems and explanations is a creative process.
In a rapidly changing world, creativity is important for people and society on many levels. This is why creative thinking must be a key priority in education. Research also shows “thinking creatively” is more important than “creativity”. After all, it’s creative thinking that leads to problem solving and innovation in a range of areas.Then it is necessary for you to know more about creative thinking.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了创造力的相关知识。
1．Which word can best describe people with “Big C creativity”？
A．Common. B．Unique.
C．Confident. D．Independent.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的They were all considered to be “geniuses”．..Not all of us can create works...that are new to the world.可推断，具有“大C创造力”的群体稀少而独特。
2．According to Paragraph 2, “small c creativity” ________．
A．sets us apart from those geniuses
B．cannot get noticed at an early age
C．allows people to better deal with daily matters
D．is not likely to help people advance in their careers
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的But we all have creative qualities that can help as we solve life’s problems and make decisions...what we have learned.可知“小c创造力”帮助人们更好地处理日常事务。
3．What does Paragraph 3 imply?
A．Creativity can be achieved through study.
B．School education focuses less on creativity.
C．Children should spend more time learning arts.
D．Teachers’ teaching results largely depend on their creativity.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Training teachers to ask particular types of questions...it is important that children should have a “complete education” because working out solutions...可推断，教育有助于创造力的培养，因此创造力可以通过学习来习得。
4．What may be probably talked about after this text?
A．What creative thinking is.
B．Some creative learning styles.
C．How to improve small c creativity.
D．The effect of creativity on mental health.
A 解析：文章结构题。根据最后一段中的This is why creative thinking must be a key priority in education...to know more about creative thinking.可知，最后一段引出创造性思维的话题，因此下文很可能会针对其进行探讨。
B
Remember the TV show Green Acres? This story is a little like that, only with more animals and an even better ending.
“My wife of 24 years, AnnMarie Roberts, was raised in New York City, worked in the fashion industry, and never got her hands dirty，” wrote Keith Roberts in the magazine Country Woman. “Then, nine years ago, I wanted to move home to Florida and reconnect to my country roots, but how would I inspire the same feeling in, well, a city woman? I brought her a two-month-old pig.”
AnnMarie, then 46, was smitten(突然着迷). Soon she took in another pig that had been abandoned. And thus began Sugarloaf Mountain Ranch(牧场), her animal sanctuary(庇护所) in central Florida. With the couple’s two children grown up, these creatures would now be AnnMarie’s babies.
The ranch now has 300 rescues, from alpacas to donkeys, each with its own story. AnnMarie gets five to ten requests a day to save animals and has to turn most down.“If she can’t rescue the animal, she works with that person to find a solution，” Keith says.“She’s not only saving animals; she’s giving their owners peace of mind.”
“A woman called from hospital，” AnnMarie said.“Her pigs would be put down if she couldn’t find a suitable home.‘I only have a few months, and I need to know that they’ll be safe，’ she said.” So AnnMarie drove for three hours to get them.
Soon after, AnnMarie received a note from the woman’s daughter.“Dear AnnMarie，” she wrote.“My mom passed away peacefully, and I owe part of that to you. She was worried about Bailey and Smitten, but she left knowing that they will be forever loved. Thank you for being Mom’s angel.”
“She is a ball of energy，” Keith wrote.“Sometimes she runs around trying to do so many things at the same time that she finds herself in a difficult situation, like when she locked herself in the chicken cage. I found her sitting in the cage with ten chicks nestled in her lap, which is exactly what they’d expect from a true mother hen.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了救济动物的牧场主AnnMarie和她丈夫的故事。
5．Why did Keith give AnnMarie a pig?
A．To let her kill time.
B．To push her to love animals.
C．To help her connect with nature.
D．To encourage her to build a ranch.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Then, nine years ago, I wanted to move home to Florida...I brought her a two-month-old pig.可知，为了能让AnnMarie与大自然建立感情，Keith送给她一只小猪。
6．What can we learn about Sugarloaf Mountain Ranch?
A．It provides a loving home for animals.
B．It mainly aims to save sick animals.
C．It is educational for pet owners.
D．It centers on raising pigs.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的And thus began Sugarloaf Mountain Ranch...With the couple’s two children grown up, these creatures would now be AnnMarie’s babies及第四段中的The ranch now has 300 rescues, from alpacas to donkeys, each with its own story.可知，Sugarloaf Mountain Ranch为动物们提供了一个温暖的家。
7．What did the note show about AnnMarie’s behavior?
A．It was meaningful and helpful.
B．It was unusual and unnatural.
C．It was inappropriate.
D．It was simple.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的My mom passed away peacefully...Thank you for being Mom’s angel.可推断，AnnMarie的行为对病床上的那位女士来说意义非凡，是AnnMarie让那位女士不用担心自己的猪没人照顾而可以放心地离开。
8．Which of the following can best describe AnnMarie?
A．Patient and humorous.
B．Energetic and talkative.
C．Considerate and caring.
D．Courageous and devoted.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据AnnMarie热心救助动物并能设身处地为动物主人考虑的故事可知，AnnMarie是个热心友爱、能为他人着想的人。
七选五
The Many Benefits of Student Research
Many college students conduct research of a topic within their major or particular interest. Although some may find the thought of undergraduate research boring or difficult, it is an excellent opportunity from which almost every college student can benefit. Participating in research can help you：
Determine your area of interest.
If you are confident about your major but not sure what your specific interest is, doing research is a great way to try different things. 1.________ You’ll be able to learn about different topics within your major.
Excel(出众) in many courses.
Gaining extra knowledge about your major can assist you in many of your classes. If you take a course that deals with something you have already deeply researched, you will have an upper hand.2.________
Improve your technological skills.
Getting familiar with doing research and using different tools will prepare you for any future research you will need to conduct. 3.________ Having these skills on your resume(简历) is something some employers look for when hiring.
4．________
Not only can you use your research as an example of what type of work you can do, but you may even be able to get hired for a job because of your work. If you make a new discovery or one that has important value, this can make you attractive to many employers.
Sharpen your communication skills.
When conducting research, you are most likely going to need help from someone. 5.________ Whether it is working with others on the task at hand or contacting(联系) a librarian for research assistance, communication skills are always needed.
A．Develop critical thinking skills.
B．Stand out in your future career.
C．This can help you gain a better understanding and a higher grade.
D．This includes researching during graduate school and/or your career.
E．This can include professors, group members, librarians, other researchers, etc.
F．Researching teaches you to think outside the box to solve the problem in front of you.
G．You can figure out what you want to focus on while gaining information and useful skills.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学生做研究的五个好处。
1．G 解析：根据该段小标题Determine your area of interest.及设空处上文的If you are confident about your major but not sure what your specific interest is, doing research is a great way to try different things.可知，如果你不确定自己对专业内的具体哪个方面感兴趣，那么做研究会帮助你尝试不同的事物，并最终找到自己的兴趣所在。G项是对上文的进一步解释。
2．C 解析：根据上文中的If you take a course that deals with something you have already deeply researched, you will have an upper hand.可知，如果你在上这门课之前就已经对所学内容进行了深入的研究，那么你就会有很大的优势。这会帮助你对这门课有一个更深入的了解，而且会帮助你取得高分。upper hand在这里意为“优势”。C项与上文构成递进关系。
3．D 解析：根据上文中的Getting familiar with doing research and using different tools will prepare you for any future research you will need to conduct.可知，熟知做研究的不同方法会让你在未来的研究中更加得心应手。设空处列举了未来可能遇到的研究。D项承接上文。
4．B 解析：根据下文中的If you make a new discovery or one that has important value, this can make you attractive to many employers.可知，如果你有一项意义重大的新发现，这将使你在工作中脱颖而出，得到众多雇主的青睐。B项是对该段的总结。
5．E 解析：根据上文中的When conducting research, you are most likely going to need help from someone.及下文中的Whether it is working with others...skills are always needed.可知，在做研究的过程中，你会向不同的人寻求帮助，这就包括教授、组员、图书管理员或者其他研究者，在与他们接触的过程中，你的沟通技巧会得到提高。E项在这里承上启下，符合此处语境。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
过去分词(短语)作定语、表语和宾语补足语
1．(教材P20)The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed(design) to kill snakes.
2．(教材P20)I placed the frozen(freeze) bowl over the snakes’ habitat and the ice-cubes on top of the bowl to keep it cool.
3．(教材P21)The next morning I carried in my hand a small net used(use) for catching fish.
4．(教材P21)The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted(accept) unless they are truly novel.
5．Everybody was shocked(shock) at the news.
过去分词(短语)作定语
1．过去分词(短语)作定语时，相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。它所修饰的名词或代词与之构成被动关系。过去分词及过去分词短语作定语一般可转换为一个定语从句。
◆I like the book bought on the Internet very much.
我非常喜欢从网上买的那本书。
◆The raised funds are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。
◆We’ll have to have the fallen leaves cleaned away.
我们得找个人把这些落叶清理掉。
◆The concert given by their friends was a success.
＝The concert which/that was given by their friends was a success. 他们的朋友举办的音乐会很成功。
2．单个的过去分词作定语时，常常置于被修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于被修饰的名词或代词后。
◆The wounded soldier lay on the ground, unable to move.
那个伤员躺在地上，不能动弹。
◆The dictionary referred to yesterday has been sold out.
昨天提到的那种词典已经卖完了。
doing, to do与done作定语的区别
(1)准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系；
(2)准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。
◆The problem discussed last week was of great importance.
◆The problem being discussed now is of great importance.
◆The problem to be discussed tomorrow is of great importance.
【即时演练1】——用所给词的适当形式填空
①( 2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.
②In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used(use) in daily conversations.
过去分词(短语)作表语
1．过去分词(短语)作表语时，总是在连系动词，如be, appear, seem, look, remain, feel, get等之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态或感受，主语多为人。分词所表示的动作与句子的主语构成动宾关系。
◆The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.
这座城市三面环山。
◆She looked disappointed at the bad news.
听到这个坏消息她看上去很失望。
◆In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
由于火山灰的原因，四月份仍有成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。
2．过去分词(短语)作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词(短语)作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示一个被动的动作。
◆This lake is badly polluted.
这个湖受到了严重污染。(系表结构，表示状态)
◆This lake is badly polluted by a paper mill.
这个湖被一家造纸厂严重污染了。(被动结构，表示动作)
◆This book is well written.
这本书写得很好。(系表结构，表示状态)
◆This book was written by Lu Xun.
这本书是鲁迅写的。(被动结构，表示动作)
【即时演练2】——用所给词的适当形式填空
①While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
②We are surprised(surprise) to see his strange behavior on hearing the sad news.
③The boy felt excited(excite) when his mother agreed to take him to the amusement park.
过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语
1．表示感觉和心理状态的动词(词组)，如feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, observe, look at, notice, find等后可接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
◆I heard the song sung in English.
我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
2．表示“致使”意义的动词，如have, make, get, keep, leave等后可接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
◆I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.
明天我要理发。
3．表示思维活动的动词，如consider, know, think等后可接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。
◆I considered the matter settled.
我认为这件事解决了。
4．with的复合结构中可以使用过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语。此时过去分词(短语)与句子的主语没有逻辑关系，在句中通常作时间、方式、条件、原因和伴随状语。
◆He stood for an instant with his hand raised.(伴随状语)
他举着手站了一会儿。
◆The thief was forced into the police station with his hands tied back.(方式状语)
这个贼被双手捆绑在背后带进了派出所。
◆With my homework finished, I went fishing with my father.(时间状语)
做完家庭作业后，我和爸爸去钓鱼了。
◆With everything considered, his plan is better than yours.(条件状语)
全面考虑的话，他的计划要比你的好。
使役动词have接过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语有两种情况。
(1)过去分词(短语)所表示的动作由他人完成。
◆I had my computer repaired yesterday.
我昨天找人修了电脑。(让别人做)
(2)过去分词(短语)所表示的动作是句中主语的经历(表示一种遭遇或经历)。
◆He had his leg broken.
他的腿断了。(自己的经历)
【即时演练3】——用所给词的适当形式填空
①When we saw the road blocked(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
②You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have their thoughts organized(organize), and how they understand things.
③After he witnessed his house broken(break) into, he began to pay more attention to security.
单句语法填空
1．Alexander worked extremely hard and tried to get his work recognized(recognize) by his boss.
2．With everything bought(buy), he left the supermarket with his daughter.
3．I opened the door and found the ground covered(cover) with thick snow.
4．We saw the wounded(wound) boy sent to the nearby hospital soon.
5．I have finished my written(write) homework, so I can set aside time to read novels.
6．The girl seemed excited(excite) when her parents came to pick her up at the airport.
7．When she went into her room, she found it was in a mess, with lots of things stolen(steal)．
8．After he returned to the front door, he found his bicycle lost(lose)．
9．Criticized by his math teacher in class, Tom felt very embarrassed(embarrass)．
10．The article, published(publish) several years ago, tells us a story that happened during an earthquake.
单句改错
1．You must get the urgent task finishing before this Friday.finishing→finished
2．When the manager came in, Robert remained seating playing with his cellphone.seating→seated
3．The experience gaining from this survey is of great value to us.gaining→gained
4．Johnson became inspiring when he saw the smiling faces of the poor children.inspiring→inspired
5．John lay on the soft grass listening to music with his eyes close.close→closed
6．After careful thinking, he decided to change the materials using in the past.using→used
7．The man was trapped in a well and waiting to be rescuing.rescuing→rescued
8．When he went into his son’s room, he found him absorbing in his homework.absorbing→absorbed
9．It’s said that all the injuring miners have been under treatment in a hospital nearby.injuring→injured
10．In spite of his efforts, he couldn’t make himself understand by the local people.understand→understood
语法与写作
1．Hangzhou，known__to__people(为人熟知) for the West Lake, has changed greatly in the past decades.
2．Two-thirds of the people invited__to__the__party(受邀参加派对的) were his relatives.
3．Our manager was very glad to find everything__arranged(一切都安排得) in good order.
4．All the windows damaged__in__the__storm(在风暴中受到破坏的) have been repaired up to now.
5．Suddenly there appeared a young woman dressed__in__green(身穿绿色衣服)．
单句语法填空
1．New research conducted(conduct) recently is about the reasons why employees quit.
2．He got his tooth pulled(pull) out yesterday.
3．Don’t sit there doing(do) nothing. Come and help me move the heavy box.
4．When the boy opened his eyes, he found himself surrounded(surround) by a group of villagers.
5．The headmaster insisted that the problems referred(refer) to should be paid special attention to.
6．Sometimes, the goods ordered(order) on the Internet are of poor quality.
7．The bridge, completed(complete) at the end of 2019, greatly cuts the time it takes to travel from mainland China to HongKong and Macau.
8．With water heated(heat), we can see the steam.
9．I am familiar with this song，because I heard the song sung(sing) in our school.
10．I am familiar with this song，because I heard him sing(sing) it in our school.
阅读理解
Australians familiar with “Black Friday” sales might connect them with images of Americans hurrying to battle for iPhones and TVs. Yet this term, used here by companies such as Amazon, Kogan, Bonds, and The Good Guys to promote their sales, is inappropriate for Australia given its connection with deadly bushfires.
Traditionally the Friday after the Thanksgiving holiday，“Black Friday” is known in the United States as a commercial event where shoppers can gain large discounts. The term was invented in the 1960s by Philadelphian police to describe the traffic chaos caused by cars of post-Thanksgiving shoppers. While Philadelphian police coined the term, it was spread by local journalists and eventually adopted by national television stations. It became widespread from the 1980s onwards.
Australians shopping online have taken advantage of US-based Black Friday sales for years. Since the 2017 launch here of American retail giant Amazon, other local brands have followed its lead in advertising Black Friday sales.
But in Australia, the term Black Friday has a very different history. The 1939 Black Friday bushfires in Victoria were Australia’s worst environmental disaster at the time. Seventy-one people were killed and over 1，000 houses were destroyed on January 13, 1939, by fires driven by extreme winds and severe drought(干旱)．
In the wake of the bushfires, the Victorian government created a Royal Commission led by Judge Leonard Stretton, which collected over 2，500 pages of testimonies. 34 pages of the testimonies were written with beautiful language, and for many years Victorian school students were required to read them.
I’m not suggesting here that Australian businesses should avoid competing in a global shopping event, but I would like to suggest an alternative name for their sales. Next year will be the 80th anniversary of Black Friday. More than simply changing the name of a sale, memories and local histories can guide us to prepare for future disasters.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。“黑色星期五”在美国是一个商场大促销的日子，但是作者认为这个称呼在澳大利亚不是很合适。
1．What do we know about “Black Friday” in America?
A．It’s a great day to buy things at lower prices.
B．It’s not very popular with large companies.
C．It was introduced from another country.
D．It was used for some specific goods.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Yet this term, used here by companies such as Amazon, Kogan, Bonds, and The Good Guys to promote their sales以及第二段中的“Black Friday” is known in the United States as a commercial event where shoppers can gain large discounts可知，在美国，这一天是一个大促销的日子。
2．How did “Black Friday” get this name in America?
A．Drivers used it to describe heavy traffic.
B．Store owners invented it to attract shoppers.
C．Shoppers named it to express their excitement.
D．Philadelphian police created it to describe the traffic that day.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The term was invented in the 1960s by Philadelphian police to describe the traffic chaos caused by cars of post-Thanksgiving shoppers.可知，“Black Friday”是由费城警察创造，用以形容当天因为大促销引起的交通混乱。
3．Why isn’t “Black Friday” appropriate for Australia?
A．Because Australians are seldom crazy about discounts.
B．Because the term is completely new to Australians.
C．Because the term has a negative origin in Australia.
D．Because Australians want to have their unique term.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的The 1939 Black Friday bushfires in Victoria were Australia’s worst environmental disaster at the time.可知，在澳大利亚，“Black Friday”最初是指1939年的大火灾。
4．What was the most probable reason that the students were required to read the testimonies?
A．Telling them about “Black Friday” in America.
B．Teaching them the beauty of language.
C．Helping them learn from histories.
D．Making them be close to nature.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的In the wake of the bushfires, the Victorian government created a Royal Commission led by Judge Leonard Stretton, which collected over 2，500 pages of testimonies.可知，文件是关于那场大火的，学习其中的34页内容是为了帮助学生了解那场大火，以史为鉴。
完形填空
I have just finished my year abroad. I spent it in an attractive town called Colmar, in eastern France. I __1__ in Leeds, the UK’s third largest city! I was __2__ in a city called Chester and, until going to university, had lived there all my life.
Colmar has been my home for the last seven months. It is a beautiful town. I __3__ in a secondary school. I taught English to several classes and over the year I grew quite attached to my __4__. I enjoyed preparing lessons that they would __5__ and games that would make them laugh. Telling each class that it was my last lesson with them was __6__. It is likely I will __7__ see most of these students again. I almost cried on my last day. I didn’t want to __8__ this beautiful town, nor my __9__ colleagues and students, behind.
Leeds is the city where I attended university. I __10__ a house with six other people—it was such great fun and I have some __11__ memories of our time together. Within just two short years, Leeds became my home. I knew where to go for all kinds of things, the __12__ places for a day out, the nice places to eat and who I could turn to for help. It was __13__ to leave that support network behind.
Last but not least, I must mention Chester. I am __14__ to have a great group of friends from secondary school there. We still meet up when we’re back in Chester. Being in Chester also __15__ spending time with my family.
Now, I’m feeling rather __16__. I no longer know which place to call home. This is a strange feeling and also one which makes me feel both __17__ and sad. On the one hand, it’s nice to have several places where I feel __18__， with people that are __19__ friends. On the other hand, when I’m in one place I miss the other two—which can make me feel quite__20__ .
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者分别在三个地方成长、学习和工作的经历，而这三个地方都是让他魂牵梦萦的家乡。
1．A.played B．traveled
C．practiced D．studied
D 解析：根据第三段中的Leeds is the city where I attended university.可知，作者在Leeds“学习(studied)”。
2．A.brought up B．looked after
C．picked up D．turned down
A 解析：根据本段中的until going to university, had lived there all my life可知，作者是在Chester“长大(brought up)”的。
3．A.learned B．performed
C．worked D．wandered
C 解析：根据本段中的I taught English to several classes可知，作者在一所中学里“工作(worked)”。
4．A.friends B．students
C．colleagues D．classmates
B 解析：根据本段中的I taught English to several classes and over the year I grew quite attached to my...及I enjoyed preparing lessons that they would...and games that would make them laugh.可知，作者教好几个班的英语课，跟他的“学生们(students)”关系亲密。作者很喜欢准备学生们“喜欢(enjoy)”的课程和能让他们开怀大笑的游戏。
5．A.finish B．challenge
C．enjoy D．remember
C
6．A.unnatural B．unwise
C．painful D．harmful
C 解析：根据本段中的Telling each class that it was my last lesson with them及I almost cried on my last day.可知，告诉每个班上的学生这是作者给他们上的最后一堂课是“痛苦的(painful)”，而且作者将“不(never)”会再见到班上的大部分学生了。
7．A.never B．still
C．just D．often
A
8．A.abandon B．leave
C．visit D．avoid
B 解析：根据上文中作者为自己的最后一堂课而难过的描述可知，作者不想“离开(leave)”这座美丽的城镇，也不想离开那些“亲切友好的(lovely)”同事和学生。
9．A.lovely B．serious
C．brave D．nervous
A
10．A.presented B．exchanged
C．compared D．shared
D 解析：根据本句中的a house with six other people及it was such great fun可知，在Leeds，作者与另外六个人“同住(shared)”一间屋子。这很棒，也给作者留下很多“美好的(wonderful)”回忆。
11．A.distant B．wonderful
C．bitter D．embarrassing
B
12．A.safe B．quiet
C．great D．crowded
C 解析：根据本段中的Leeds became my home及I knew where to go for all kinds of things可知，Leeds成了作者的另一个故乡，作者知道该到哪里去寻找什么样的东西，比如外出的“好(great)”地方、吃东西的好地方以及该找什么人帮忙。
13．A.difficult B．boring
C．convenient D．important
A 解析：根据本段中的Leeds became my home及上文中对作者很熟悉这里的描述可知，离开Leeds也是很“难的(difficult)”。
14．A.willing B．eager
C．lucky D．surprised
C 解析：根据本段中的have a great group of friends from secondary school及We still meet up when we’re back in Chester.可知，作者为自己有一些从中学开始就交往的好朋友感到“幸运(lucky)”。
15．A.reflects B．affects
C．improves D．means
D 解析：根据上文中提到的Chester是作者故乡的描述及本段中的Being in Chester also...spending time with my family.可知，待在Chester“意味着(means)”作者能跟家人待在一起。
16．A.angry B．confused
C．anxious D．frightened
B 解析：根据空后的I no longer know which place to call home.可知，作者感到很“困惑(confused)”。
17．A.free B．happy
C．lonely D．confident
B 解析：根据本段中的This is a strange feeling及On the one hand, it’s nice to have several places...可知，作者觉得这是一种让自己既“喜(happy)”又悲的奇怪感觉。
18．A.disappointed B．in trouble
C．healthy D．at home
D 解析：根据上文中对作者有三个家乡以及在这三个地方都有熟悉的人的描述可知，作者觉得有些能让自己“感觉舒适(feel at home)”，而且还有一些“好(good)”朋友的地方很不错。
19．A.good B．young
C．rich D．strange
A
20．A.new B．interested
C．delighted D．sad
D 解析：根据空前的when I’m in one place I miss the other two可知，当作者身在其中一个地方的时候，他又会思念另外两个地方，这也让他感到很“难过(sad)”。
语法填空
For the first time ever, an Iraqi University has been listed among the best universities in the world. The University of Baghdad made it onto the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, 1.____________ is an annual publication of university rankings. It lists the world’s top 1，250 universities for research and development. The University of Baghdad was ranked in the range from 801 to 1，000 on the list of best universities. The Times said the university had distinguished 2.____________(it) for having a very strong international cooperation. He said the University of Baghdad had played 3.____________ important role in the reconstruction of Iraq after its recent wars and internal troubles.
The University of Baghdad is the second 4.____________(large) university in the Arab world, behind the University of Cairo. Its roots go as far back 5.____________ the year 1067, when it was known as Abu Haneefa. It was 6.____________(formal) established(建立) in 1956. Much 7.____________(destroy) by military action in 2003, but it managed 8.____________(stay) open throughout the invasions and occupations of Iraq. 9.____________ (be) so proud of the University of Baghdad, many professors and 10.____________(student) think the ranking is a great thing.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了首次进入《泰晤士报高等教育世界大学排行榜》的伊拉克巴格达大学。
1．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代the Times Higher Education World University Rankings，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
2．itself 解析：考查代词。设空处所在句意为：《泰晤士报》称这所大学是因为强有力的国际合作而让“它自己(itself)”脱颖而出的。
3．an 解析：考查不定冠词。play an important role in...意为“在……中发挥重要的作用”。
4．largest 解析：考查形容词最高级。设空处与前面的the second一起，表示“第二大的”，故填largest。
5．as 解析：考查固定搭配。as...as...意为“和……一样……”。
6．formally 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰established，表示“正式地”，故填formally。
7．was destroyed 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。由后面的in 2003可知，设空处是对过去事实的描述，应用一般过去时，又因为Much与destroy之间是被动关系，故填was destroyed。
8．to stay 解析：考查固定搭配。manage to do sth.意为“设法做某事”。
9．Being 解析：考查动词-ing形式作状语的用法。many professors and students与be之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且设空处表示主句主语的状态，故填Being。
10．students 解析：考查名词复数。student是可数名词，且在此表泛指，故填复数形式students。
课件26张PPT。Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsdesignedfrozenusedacceptedshockeddesignedusedpromotedsurprisedexcitedblockedorganizedbrokenrecognizedboughtcoveredwoundedwrittenexcitedstolenlostembarrassedpublishedfinishing→finishedseating→seatedgaining→gainedinspiring→inspiredclose→closedusing→usedrescuing→rescuedabsorbing→absorbedinjuring→injuredunderstand→understoodknown to peopleinvited to the partyeverything arrangeddamaged in the stormdressed in green本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．New research conducted(conduct) recently is about the reasons why employees quit.
2．He got his tooth pulled(pull) out yesterday.
3．Don’t sit there doing(do) nothing. Come and help me move the heavy box.
4．When the boy opened his eyes, he found himself surrounded(surround) by a group of villagers.
5．The headmaster insisted that the problems referred(refer) to should be paid special attention to.
6．Sometimes, the goods ordered(order) on the Internet are of poor quality.
7．The bridge, completed(complete) at the end of 2019, greatly cuts the time it takes to travel from mainland China to HongKong and Macau.
8．With water heated(heat), we can see the steam.
9．I am familiar with this song，because I heard the song sung(sing) in our school.
10．I am familiar with this song，because I heard him sing(sing) it in our school.
阅读理解
Australians familiar with “Black Friday” sales might connect them with images of Americans hurrying to battle for iPhones and TVs. Yet this term, used here by companies such as Amazon, Kogan, Bonds, and The Good Guys to promote their sales, is inappropriate for Australia given its connection with deadly bushfires.
Traditionally the Friday after the Thanksgiving holiday，“Black Friday” is known in the United States as a commercial event where shoppers can gain large discounts. The term was invented in the 1960s by Philadelphian police to describe the traffic chaos caused by cars of post-Thanksgiving shoppers. While Philadelphian police coined the term, it was spread by local journalists and eventually adopted by national television stations. It became widespread from the 1980s onwards.
Australians shopping online have taken advantage of US-based Black Friday sales for years. Since the 2017 launch here of American retail giant Amazon, other local brands have followed its lead in advertising Black Friday sales.
But in Australia, the term Black Friday has a very different history. The 1939 Black Friday bushfires in Victoria were Australia’s worst environmental disaster at the time. Seventy-one people were killed and over 1，000 houses were destroyed on January 13, 1939, by fires driven by extreme winds and severe drought(干旱)．
In the wake of the bushfires, the Victorian government created a Royal Commission led by Judge Leonard Stretton, which collected over 2，500 pages of testimonies. 34 pages of the testimonies were written with beautiful language, and for many years Victorian school students were required to read them.
I’m not suggesting here that Australian businesses should avoid competing in a global shopping event, but I would like to suggest an alternative name for their sales. Next year will be the 80th anniversary of Black Friday. More than simply changing the name of a sale, memories and local histories can guide us to prepare for future disasters.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。“黑色星期五”在美国是一个商场大促销的日子，但是作者认为这个称呼在澳大利亚不是很合适。
1．What do we know about “Black Friday” in America?
A．It’s a great day to buy things at lower prices.
B．It’s not very popular with large companies.
C．It was introduced from another country.
D．It was used for some specific goods.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Yet this term, used here by companies such as Amazon, Kogan, Bonds, and The Good Guys to promote their sales以及第二段中的“Black Friday” is known in the United States as a commercial event where shoppers can gain large discounts可知，在美国，这一天是一个大促销的日子。
2．How did “Black Friday” get this name in America?
A．Drivers used it to describe heavy traffic.
B．Store owners invented it to attract shoppers.
C．Shoppers named it to express their excitement.
D．Philadelphian police created it to describe the traffic that day.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The term was invented in the 1960s by Philadelphian police to describe the traffic chaos caused by cars of post-Thanksgiving shoppers.可知，“Black Friday”是由费城警察创造，用以形容当天因为大促销引起的交通混乱。
3．Why isn’t “Black Friday” appropriate for Australia?
A．Because Australians are seldom crazy about discounts.
B．Because the term is completely new to Australians.
C．Because the term has a negative origin in Australia.
D．Because Australians want to have their unique term.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的The 1939 Black Friday bushfires in Victoria were Australia’s worst environmental disaster at the time.可知，在澳大利亚，“Black Friday”最初是指1939年的大火灾。
4．What was the most probable reason that the students were required to read the testimonies?
A．Telling them about “Black Friday” in America.
B．Teaching them the beauty of language.
C．Helping them learn from histories.
D．Making them be close to nature.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的In the wake of the bushfires, the Victorian government created a Royal Commission led by Judge Leonard Stretton, which collected over 2，500 pages of testimonies.可知，文件是关于那场大火的，学习其中的34页内容是为了帮助学生了解那场大火，以史为鉴。
完形填空
I have just finished my year abroad. I spent it in an attractive town called Colmar, in eastern France. I __1__ in Leeds, the UK’s third largest city! I was __2__ in a city called Chester and, until going to university, had lived there all my life.
Colmar has been my home for the last seven months. It is a beautiful town. I __3__ in a secondary school. I taught English to several classes and over the year I grew quite attached to my __4__. I enjoyed preparing lessons that they would __5__ and games that would make them laugh. Telling each class that it was my last lesson with them was __6__. It is likely I will __7__ see most of these students again. I almost cried on my last day. I didn’t want to __8__ this beautiful town, nor my __9__ colleagues and students, behind.
Leeds is the city where I attended university. I __10__ a house with six other people—it was such great fun and I have some __11__ memories of our time together. Within just two short years, Leeds became my home. I knew where to go for all kinds of things, the __12__ places for a day out, the nice places to eat and who I could turn to for help. It was __13__ to leave that support network behind.
Last but not least, I must mention Chester. I am __14__ to have a great group of friends from secondary school there. We still meet up when we’re back in Chester. Being in Chester also __15__ spending time with my family.
Now, I’m feeling rather __16__. I no longer know which place to call home. This is a strange feeling and also one which makes me feel both __17__ and sad. On the one hand, it’s nice to have several places where I feel __18__， with people that are __19__ friends. On the other hand, when I’m in one place I miss the other two—which can make me feel quite__20__ .
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者分别在三个地方成长、学习和工作的经历，而这三个地方都是让他魂牵梦萦的家乡。
1．A.played B．traveled
C．practiced D．studied
D 解析：根据第三段中的Leeds is the city where I attended university.可知，作者在Leeds“学习(studied)”。
2．A.brought up B．looked after
C．picked up D．turned down
A 解析：根据本段中的until going to university, had lived there all my life可知，作者是在Chester“长大(brought up)”的。
3．A.learned B．performed
C．worked D．wandered
C 解析：根据本段中的I taught English to several classes可知，作者在一所中学里“工作(worked)”。
4．A.friends B．students
C．colleagues D．classmates
B 解析：根据本段中的I taught English to several classes and over the year I grew quite attached to my...及I enjoyed preparing lessons that they would...and games that would make them laugh.可知，作者教好几个班的英语课，跟他的“学生们(students)”关系亲密。作者很喜欢准备学生们“喜欢(enjoy)”的课程和能让他们开怀大笑的游戏。
5．A.finish B．challenge
C．enjoy D．remember
C
6．A.unnatural B．unwise
C．painful D．harmful
C 解析：根据本段中的Telling each class that it was my last lesson with them及I almost cried on my last day.可知，告诉每个班上的学生这是作者给他们上的最后一堂课是“痛苦的(painful)”，而且作者将“不(never)”会再见到班上的大部分学生了。
7．A.never B．still
C．just D．often
A
8．A.abandon B．leave
C．visit D．avoid
B 解析：根据上文中作者为自己的最后一堂课而难过的描述可知，作者不想“离开(leave)”这座美丽的城镇，也不想离开那些“亲切友好的(lovely)”同事和学生。
9．A.lovely B．serious
C．brave D．nervous
A
10．A.presented B．exchanged
C．compared D．shared
D 解析：根据本句中的a house with six other people及it was such great fun可知，在Leeds，作者与另外六个人“同住(shared)”一间屋子。这很棒，也给作者留下很多“美好的(wonderful)”回忆。
11．A.distant B．wonderful
C．bitter D．embarrassing
B
12．A.safe B．quiet
C．great D．crowded
C 解析：根据本段中的Leeds became my home及I knew where to go for all kinds of things可知，Leeds成了作者的另一个故乡，作者知道该到哪里去寻找什么样的东西，比如外出的“好(great)”地方、吃东西的好地方以及该找什么人帮忙。
13．A.difficult B．boring
C．convenient D．important
A 解析：根据本段中的Leeds became my home及上文中对作者很熟悉这里的描述可知，离开Leeds也是很“难的(difficult)”。
14．A.willing B．eager
C．lucky D．surprised
C 解析：根据本段中的have a great group of friends from secondary school及We still meet up when we’re back in Chester.可知，作者为自己有一些从中学开始就交往的好朋友感到“幸运(lucky)”。
15．A.reflects B．affects
C．improves D．means
D 解析：根据上文中提到的Chester是作者故乡的描述及本段中的Being in Chester also...spending time with my family.可知，待在Chester“意味着(means)”作者能跟家人待在一起。
16．A.angry B．confused
C．anxious D．frightened
B 解析：根据空后的I no longer know which place to call home.可知，作者感到很“困惑(confused)”。
17．A.free B．happy
C．lonely D．confident
B 解析：根据本段中的This is a strange feeling及On the one hand, it’s nice to have several places...可知，作者觉得这是一种让自己既“喜(happy)”又悲的奇怪感觉。
18．A.disappointed B．in trouble
C．healthy D．at home
D 解析：根据上文中对作者有三个家乡以及在这三个地方都有熟悉的人的描述可知，作者觉得有些能让自己“感觉舒适(feel at home)”，而且还有一些“好(good)”朋友的地方很不错。
19．A.good B．young
C．rich D．strange
A
20．A.new B．interested
C．delighted D．sad
D 解析：根据空前的when I’m in one place I miss the other two可知，当作者身在其中一个地方的时候，他又会思念另外两个地方，这也让他感到很“难过(sad)”。
语法填空
For the first time ever, an Iraqi University has been listed among the best universities in the world. The University of Baghdad made it onto the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, 1.____________ is an annual publication of university rankings. It lists the world’s top 1，250 universities for research and development. The University of Baghdad was ranked in the range from 801 to 1，000 on the list of best universities. The Times said the university had distinguished 2.____________(it) for having a very strong international cooperation. He said the University of Baghdad had played 3.____________ important role in the reconstruction of Iraq after its recent wars and internal troubles.
The University of Baghdad is the second 4.____________(large) university in the Arab world, behind the University of Cairo. Its roots go as far back 5.____________ the year 1067, when it was known as Abu Haneefa. It was 6.____________(formal) established(建立) in 1956. Much 7.____________(destroy) by military action in 2003, but it managed 8.____________(stay) open throughout the invasions and occupations of Iraq. 9.____________ (be) so proud of the University of Baghdad, many professors and 10.____________(student) think the ranking is a great thing.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了首次进入《泰晤士报高等教育世界大学排行榜》的伊拉克巴格达大学。
1．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代the Times Higher Education World University Rankings，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
2．itself 解析：考查代词。设空处所在句意为：《泰晤士报》称这所大学是因为强有力的国际合作而让“它自己(itself)”脱颖而出的。
3．an 解析：考查不定冠词。play an important role in...意为“在……中发挥重要的作用”。
4．largest 解析：考查形容词最高级。设空处与前面的the second一起，表示“第二大的”，故填largest。
5．as 解析：考查固定搭配。as...as...意为“和……一样……”。
6．formally 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰established，表示“正式地”，故填formally。
7．was destroyed 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。由后面的in 2003可知，设空处是对过去事实的描述，应用一般过去时，又因为Much与destroy之间是被动关系，故填was destroyed。
8．to stay 解析：考查固定搭配。manage to do sth.意为“设法做某事”。
9．Being 解析：考查动词-ing形式作状语的用法。many professors and students与be之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且设空处表示主句主语的状态，故填Being。
10．students 解析：考查名词复数。student是可数名词，且在此表泛指，故填复数形式students。
Section Ⅴ Writing
申请信
文体感知
申请信是书信的一种，主要以介绍个人情况为主，包括自己的姓名、年龄、身高、健康状况、业余爱好、特长、工作态度以及人际关系等。
增分佳句
1．You will find an enclosed outline of my education and work experience and copies of three letters of recommendation.
谨随函呈上有关本人的学历、工作经验的概要及三封推荐函。
2．Enclosed you will find a letter of recommendation from my former English teacher.
随函附上我以前的英文老师的推荐函。
3．I am good at spoken English; as a result, I won the first prize in an English Speech Contest in our school last year.
我擅长英语口语。基于此，去年在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
4．I would/should be glad to have a personal interview, and can provide references if needed.
我愿意接受面试，如有要求定会提供有关资料。
写作模板
Dear Sir/Madam，
I write this letter to apply for the position that you advertised in ______．[说明写信的目的(申请原因)和申请的职位]
Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right personality for a ______. On the one hand, ______. On the other hand, ______. Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be grateful.[介绍自己的背景(教育情况、工作经历、兴趣爱好、特长等)及工作经验，要突出个人能力及工作业绩]
If you need to contact me at any time at ______. Thank you for considering my application, and I’m looking forward to meeting you.(表达自己的愿望)
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
写作要求
假设你是李华，即将从浙江大学毕业，从《人才周刊》上看到了某公司的招聘广告，请根据以下内容用英语写一封100词左右的求职信。
1．即将毕业，主修国际贸易；
2．通过了大学英语六级考试，擅长文字处理；
3．热情乐观，容易相处。
参考词汇：《人才周刊》Talent Weekly；
大学英语六级考试CET 6
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．毕业于…… graduate__from
2．通过考试 get__through__the__exam
3．擅长 be__good__at
4．具备 equip
5．热情的 enthusiastic
6．乐观的 optimistic
7．相处得很好 get__on__well__with
8．申请 apply__for
遣词造句
1. 完成句子
①我即将从浙江大学毕业。
I am going to graduate__from Zhejiang University.
②我在那儿专修国际贸易。
There I major__in International Trade.
③我擅长文字处理。
I am__good__at word processing.
④它让我具备了做好这个工作的能力。
It equips__me__to__do well in the position.
⑤我热情、乐观。
I’m enthusiastic and optimistic．
⑥那让我能和同学们相处得很好。
That makes me get__on__well__with my classmates.
⑦如果您能够给我一个机会，我会尽最大努力做好本职工作。
If you give__me__a__chance,__I will try my best to do my duty.
2. 句式升级
⑧用where引导的非限制性定语从句连接句①和句②
I__am__going__to__graduate__from__Zhejiang__University,__where__I__major__in__International__Trade.
⑨用非谓语动词作结果状语连接句③和句④
I__am__good__at__word__processing,__equipping__me__to__do__well__in__the__position.
⑩用非限制性定语从句合并句⑤和句⑥
I’m__enthusiastic__and__optimistic,__which__makes__me__get__on__well__with__my__classmates.
?用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”升级句⑦
Give__me__a__chance,__and__I__will__try__my__best__to__do__my__duty.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
I am going to graduate from Zhejiang University, where I major in International Trade. Apart from courses in my major, I have learned English hard and passed the CET 6; what’s more, I am good at word processing, equipping me to do well in the position. As for my character, I’m enthusiastic and optimistic, which makes me get on well with my classmates.
Give me a chance, and I will try my best to do my duty and I am looking forward to receiving your early reply.
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
假定你是李华，暑期在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1．写信目的；
2．个人优势；
3．能做的事情。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Sir，
I am Li Hua, a student from China, who is studying in London during the summer holiday. Knowing an exhibition of Chinese painting will be held at the gallery next month, I am writing to apply for the chance to become a volunteer.
I have the following advantages. First of all, I speak English fluently, which allows me to communicate with visitors without difficulty.Second, as a Chinese painting lover, I know a lot about this art form.If accepted, I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, which can help them know more about Chinese culture.
I think I am qualified to be a volunteer.Please give me a chance.
Yours，
Li Hua
课件20张PPT。Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsgraduate fromget through the exambe good atequipenthusiasticoptimisticget on well withapply forgraduate frommajor inam good atequips me to doenthusiasticoptimisticget on well withgive me a chance本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.distinguish vi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
①Distinguished(distinguish) for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world.
②He’s too young to__distinguish(distinguish) right from wrong, so he needs your guidance.
2.abrupt adj.突然的；意外的
They abruptly(abrupt) appeared at the station to see her off.
3.convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的
①If__it’s__convenient__for__you(如果你方便), let’s have a talk this night.
②I’ll call in two weeks to arrange a meeting at__your__convenience(在你方便时).
重点词汇夯实练
4.caution n．小心；谨慎 vt.警告；告诫
He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution. You should get on with him cautiously．(caution)
5.seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺
He decided to__seize(seize) the moment and ask her to marry him.
6.freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的
①When we go out into the freezing(freeze) temperatures, we know that we should be doing something.
②The man froze(freeze) as he heard the unexpected news.
7.bear vt.(bore, borne)忍受；忍耐；负担
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)First of all, bear/keep__in__mind(记住) that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.
8.occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地
This is my occasional visit to the theme park, in which I occasionally meet the cartoon characters I like most. (occasion)
9.associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴
In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isn’t any association between them. (associate)
10.practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的
Although there are many practical difficulties in learning oral English, you must keep practicing speaking every day. (practice)
阅读词汇排查练
1.courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井
2.powder n. 粉末；火药
3.perfume n. 香水；香味
4.stainless adj. 无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的
5.cube n. __立方体；立方
6.claim n．&vt. 要求；声称；主张
7.valid adj. 有效的；确凿的
8.glue n. 胶；胶水
vt. 粘贴；粘合
9.greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商
(pl) 蔬菜水果店
10.rainfall n. 降雨
11.lantern n. 灯笼；提灯
12.jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱
13.dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；
动态的；发展变化的
14.straw n. 稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管
15.current n. (水或气)流；电流__
adj. 现在的；当前的
16.refrigerator n. 冰箱
17.extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸
18.version n. 版本；译本
19.personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员
重点短语
会书写
1.call__up 给……打电话
2.now__and__then 偶尔；有时
3.set__about 开始；着手
4.dive__into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入
5.set__out__(to__do) 开始(做)
6.hang__on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
7.out__of__order 次序颠倒；发生故障
8.get__through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过
9.ring__back 回复电话
10.ring__off 挂断电话
会应用
1.This section of the road is so narrow that there are bound to be traffic jams now__and__then.
2.I asked him to hang__on while I ran for a pencil and a sheet of paper.
3.I tried to call you up last night，but no one answered the phone.
4.It’s the love and responsibility that have driven him to get__through many hardships and survive.
5.The engines of the ship were out__of__order and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the crew at sea.
6.As soon as she got into the classroom, she set__about__preparing for the lessons.
重点句型
1.There seem(s) to be...似乎有……
我认为这幅画告诉我们：一个人的理想和现实之间似乎总是有差距的。
I think the picture is telling us that there__always__seems__to__be__a__difference between one’s dream and reality.
2.“only＋状语或状语从句”位于句首，句子部分倒装
只有这样做，我们才能让世界成为更美好的地方。
Only by doing__so__can__we__help__to__make__the__world a better place.
3.so...that ...引导结果状语从句
昨天天气很冷，我们都待在家里了。
It was so__cold__yesterday__that we all stayed at home.
4.强调句型
直到那时我才意识到语言既有积极的力量也有消极的力量。
It__was__not__until__then__that I realized words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.
5.祈使句＋and＋陈述句
尽力和你的孩子成为朋友，这样你会真正地知道他们在想什么。
Try to be friends with your children, and__you__will__really__know what they are thinking about.
单元语法
1．The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain seated(seat) as the plane was making a landing.
2．Everyone present is very inspired(inspire) at his speech.
3．As we joined the big crowd I got lost(lose) from my friends.
4．She forced us to grow up into educated(educate) and honest people.
5．He was about to leave his office when he heard his name called(call)．
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．李平决定开始努力学习英语。(set out)
2．首先，他着手研究与电话有关的词语。(set about；(be)associated with...)
3．他想弄清楚怎样区分“hang on”和“ring off”。(distinguish...from...)
4．昨天他打电话给老师，却打不通。(call up; get through)
5．他的电话偶尔出毛病。(now and then; out of order)
6．所以他自己查词典弄清楚了它们的区别。(tell the difference between...)
7．通过这件事他得出一个结论：抓住每个可以学习英语的机会，他一定会学好它的。(seize)
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One possible version：
Li Ping decided to set out to study English hard. To begin with, he set about doing a research on the expressions associated with the phone. He wanted to make clear how to distinguish hang on from ring off, so he called up his teacher yesterday. However, he couldn’t get through because his phone was out of order now and then. So he looked them up in the dictionary to tell the difference between them. He drew a conclusion from this matter that if he seized every opportunity to learn English, he was sure to learn it well.
课件19张PPT。Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsDistinguishedto distinguishabruptlyIf it’s convenient for youat your conveniencecautiouscautioncautiouslyto seizefreezingfrozebear/keep in mindoccasionaloccasionally associatedassociation practicalpracticing院子；庭院；天井粉末；火药香水；香味无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的立方体；立方要求；声称；主张有效的；确凿的胶；胶水粘贴；粘合蔬菜水果商蔬菜水果店降雨灯笼；提灯堵塞；阻塞；果酱充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管(水或气)流；电流现在的；当前的冰箱电话分机；扩大；延伸版本；译本人力资源；人事部；全体人员call upnow and thenset aboutdive intoset out (to do)hang onout of orderget throughring backring offnow and thenhang oncallupget throughout of orderset aboutthere always seems todoing so can we help to make the worldbe a differenceso cold yesterday thatIt was not until then thatand you will really knowseatedinspiredlosteducatedcalled本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
