随着世界各地“孔子学院”的不断涌现，孔子成为中国古代文化代表人物之一。耳熟能详的《论语十则》，出类拔萃的三千弟子，这些都使得孔子笼上一层耀眼的光环。让我们沿着孔子生活的历程，探索一下他的人生轨迹吧。
One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (551 BC－479 BC)．He sometimes went by the name of Kong Zi though he was born Kong Qiu, styled (命名，称呼) Zhong Ni.He was born in Zouyi (Qufu today) in the state of Lu.
Confucius’s father died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty, but Confucius nevertheless(然而) received a fine education.He got married at the age of 19 and had one son and two
daughters.He worked as a keeper of a market.Then he got a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals.When he was 20, he worked for the governor(统治者) of his district.
Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings that helped many people learn about the world, nature, and human behaviour.He also helped the government and the ruler by teaching them lessons on how the ruler should rule his kingdom successfully.
It is commonly known that ancient China had a great effect on the world.And many great people and great inventions of ancient China still influence the world.
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.order n． 秩序
2.position n. 职位
3.stress vt. 强调
4.love n. 仁爱
拓展词汇
5.equal adj.平等的→equality n．平等→equally adv.平等地
6.importance n．重要；重要性→important adj.重要的
7.kindness n．善良→kind adj.善良的
8.influential adj.有影响的→influence n．& v．影响
阅读词汇
9.philosopher n． 哲学家
10.philosophy n. 哲学
11.teaching n. (常作复数)教导；学说
12.thinker n. 思想家
13.principle n． 原则；准则
14.resign vi. 辞职
15.adviser n. 顾问
重点短语
1.be similar to 与……相似
2.be at war with 与……交战
3.bring up 养育；抚养
4.follow one’s advice 采纳某人的建议
5.become famous for 因……而出名
6.as a result 结果
重点句型
1.the way＋(in which/that)定语从句：Treat others in the way you want to be treated(你想被别人对待的方式).
2.the reason why...is that...……的原因是……：Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that(人类区别于动物的原因是) man is good.
3.it was a time＋定语从句，意为“是一个……时期” ：But it was also a time when(那也是一个时期) there were many great philosophers.
Read the text and do some True(T)or False (F)questions.
1. Confucius is the most influential philosopher in Chinese history.( )
2. Both Mencius and Mozi were students of Confucius.( )
3．There are some similarities among the ideas of Confucius, Mencius and Mozi.( )
答案：1－3.TFT
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．What is the main idea of Confucius according to the passage?
A．Kindness, duty and order in society are very important.
B．Governments are more important than people.
C．All men are created equal.
D．All men are born good.
2．“If the government was kind, then people would be good.” is the teaching of ________．
A．Mencius B．Confucius
C．Mozi D．Xunzi
3．From the passage we can infer that ________．
A．great people are born in poor families
B．different teachings lead to war
C．it takes time before a belief is accepted by others
D．Mencius was a student of Confucius
4．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Teachings of ancient Chinese thinkers.
B．Three great philosophers of ancient China.
C．Interesting stories about the three philosophers.
D．The history of ancient Chinese philosophy.
答案：1－4.AACB
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
[翻译] 孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。
2．He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.
本句是并列句。and连接believed和hated两个谓语，前一分句是that引导的宾语从句，后一分句含有when引导的时间状语从句。
[翻译] 他认为人民比统治者更重要，憎恨对人民残暴的政权。
①be at war with“与……交战”，表示处于战争的状态。
②a time一个时期，一段时间
③stress[stres]vt.强调
④order['??d?]n.秩序
⑤in society在社会中
society“社会”，其前一般不用冠词。但in the old society“在旧社会”等例外。
⑥be similar to与……相似；to为介词。
⑦those为替代词，替代前面出现的teachings，相当于the teachings。
⑧bring up养育；抚养
was brought up为被动语态。
⑨position[p?'zI?n]n.职位
⑩follow one’s advice＝take one’s advice接受/采纳某人的建议
?resign[rI'zaIn]vi.辞职
?principle['prIns?pl]n.
原则；准则
?adviser[?d'vaIz?]n.顾问
?influential[?Influ'en?l]adj.有影响的
?unusual adj.异乎寻常的；与众不同的
?behaviour n．[U]行为；举止
?found v．创立；建立
found→founded→founded
?in some ways在某些方面
?belief n．信念；相信
动词形式是believe；反义词为disbelief。
?love[l?v]n.仁爱
look after照顾；照料
Philosophers of Ancient China
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with① each other．But it was also a time② when there were many great philosophers．Confucius (551 BC－479 BC)is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest．He stressed③ the importance of kindness，duty and order④ in society⑤.Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2，000 years.
◆where states were often at war with each other是where引导的定语从句，修饰a place，where在从句中作地点状语。
◆when there were many great philosophers是when引导的定语从句，修饰a time，when在从句中作时间状语。
◆whose influence has been the greatest是whose引导的定语从句，whose在从句中作定语。该定语从句使用了现在完成时态。
Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to⑥ those⑦ of Confucius.Mencius was born in 372 BC.His father died when he was young, and he was brought up⑧ by his mother.He became a student of Confucius’s ideas, and was then given an important position⑨ in the government of a state.However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice⑩， he resigned?.For many years he travelled from state to state, teaching the principles? of Confucius．He then became an adviser? to another ruler.He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.He taught that if the government was kind，then people would be good.He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.
◆现在分词短语teaching...作伴随状语。
◆He spent...preparing...中含有spend time (in)doing sth.结构；过去分词短语called The Book of Mencius作后置定语，修饰a book。
Mozi was another teacher who was very influential?.Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor.He became famous for his unusual? clothes and behaviour?.Mozi founded?the philosophy called Mohism.In some ways?， his beliefs? were similar to those of Confucius.For example, he considered that government was most important.As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.Mozi believed that all men were equal.His idea of love? was different from the Confucian idea of kindness.Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves.He hated the idea of war.Mozi died in 390 BC.
古代中国的哲学家
古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争，但那也是一个产生了许多伟大哲学家的时期。孔子(公元前551年－公元前479年)是影响最大的哲学家。他强调仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。中国社会受这些思想的影响长达2 000多年。
孟子是一位思想家，他的理论和孔子的理论很相似。孟子生于公元前372年。他幼年丧父，由母亲抚养长大。他学习了孔子的学说，后来在一个诸侯国的政府内身居要职。然而，当他看到统治者不采纳他的意见时，就辞去了官职。他周游列国多年，传授孔子的思想，后来成了另一位统治者的谋士。他把余生都用来准备写一本关于他学说的书，名为《孟子》。孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。他告诫人们，假若政府仁慈，人民就会有善行。他认为人民比统治者更重要，憎恨对人民残暴的政权。
墨子是另一位极具影响力的先哲。他生于公元前476年，出身贫寒。他因不修边幅、行为怪异而闻名。墨子创立了被称为“墨家学说”的哲学理论。他的学说在某些方面和孔子的学说相似。例如，他认为政府最重要。因此，他花了许多年的时间试图寻找一个人们愿意遵从他思想的国家。墨子认为，人生来平等。他的仁爱思想与孔子的仁爱思想不同。墨子告诫人们要博爱，要照顾弱者。他憎恨那种战争的观点。墨子于公元前390年去世。
阅读理解
A
Confucius(551 BC－479 BC)was a thinker, educator, and founder of the Ru School for Chinese thought.
He was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government that helped many people learn about nature, the world and human beings.
Confucius’s social philosophy largely centers around the concept of “ren”， which is “loving others” and “honoring one’s parents”．Those who have developed “ren” are “simple in manner and slow of speech”．For Confucius, such concern for others is proved through the practice of the Golden Rule: “What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.”
Confucius thinks a good rulership was to have “de” or “virtue” which allows one to win people’s support without using any force and keep good order in his state without troubling himself, and that a ruler should rule his people by his own example and treat them with love and concern.
A characteristic of Confucius’s thought is his emphasis(强调) on education and study, “A good teacher is someone who knows well the ways of the past and the practices of the ancients.”and he also thinks “He who learns but does not think is lost.He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.”
Confucius did not write down the principles of his philosophy; these were handed down only through his students.Lun Yu, a book compiled(编纂)by some of his students, is considered the most dependable source of information about his life and teachings.One of the historical works that he is said to have compiled and edited, The Spring and Autumn Annals, is describing Chinese history in the state of Lu from 722 BC to 481 BC.
Since Confucius’s teachings and philosophy were so advanced, it was the education for China for 2, 000 years.It is called Confucianism.
【解题导语】 本文属于人物传记类文章， 主要介绍了孔子的儒家思想对哲学、政治、教育的影响。
1．The passage mainly discusses ________．
A．Confucius and his great thought
B．the life of Confucius
C．Confucius’s influence on students
D．Confucius’s teaching methods
A 解析：主旨大意题。文章的第三段主要讨论的是孔子的社会哲学； 第四段谈论的是他的政治哲学； 第五段是他的教育观点； 所以A符合句意。
2. Confucius’s philosophic thinking can help people know about all the following EXCEPT ________．
A．humans B．nature
C．the world D．the sun
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的后半部分“...helped many people learn about nature, the world and human beings”可知没有提到D项。
3．Which of the following expresses Confucius’s educational idea?
A．What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.
B．Learning and thinking should go hand in hand.
C．“Loving others” and “honoring one’s parents”．
D．A ruler should love and care about his people.
B 解析：细节理解题。A、C都反映了他的社会观， D反映了他的政治观， 从第五段可以看出B反映了他的教育观。
4. We can infer from the passage that a teacher should be a person who ________．
A．is old and experienced enough
B．learns but doesn’t think
C．does things according to good old ways
D．thinks a lot but doesn’t learn
C 解析：推理判断题。从倒数第三段中“A good teacher is someone who knows well the ways of the past and the practices of the ancients.”可知孔子认为老师应该是一个熟悉过去并且身体力行的人，因此选C。
B
People all need friends because nobody wants to be lonely and a friend can help you in good and bad times.You’ve made friends since childhood，but you still don’t know who your true friends are.Here are some signs to tell you if your friend is a true friend.
Always honest
Honesty is important to keep a relationship alive.A true friend always tells you the truth.It may be hard sometimes but lying can destroy a friendship.It is important that your friend speaks honestly and never makes up stories.
________
There are always periods in your life when you have problems or difficulties.A true friend will always have time to listen to your problems and give you advice.It may not be able to offer a solution to your problems but the fact that your friend makes time to listen is a sign he/she cares for you.Your friend is not a true friend if he/she can never make time for you when you are in trouble.You also need to be reasonable and accept that your friend also has other things to do so he/she can’t always listen immediately to your problems.
Always respectful(尊敬的)
A true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.Your true friend may disagree but never insists that he/she is correct.
Always understanding
It is possible that some problems will arise between you and your friend.A true friend will always be forgiving(体谅的)and understanding，even if it isn’t his/her fault.We are all different people and we all make mistakes.A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesn’t want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.
【解题导语】 什么样的朋友才是真正的朋友呢？本文给出了答案。
5．What’s the best title for the third paragraph?
A．Always there for you
B．Keep your secrets
C．Always happy for you
D．Remember your important days
A 解析：标题归纳题。本段主要讲真正的朋友在你遇到困难的时候会在你身边。
6．According to the passage，a true friend will always________．
A．follow your advice
B．offer a solution to your problems
C．listen immediately to your problems
D．respect your opinion even if he/she disagrees with it
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一句“A true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.”可知真正的朋友会尊重你的观点，不管他(或她)是否同意，故选D。
7．A true friend will always forgive and understand you because________．
A．he/she wants to help you
B．he/she doesn’t want to lose you
C．he/she wants you to feel confident
D．he/she doesn’t care about your mistakes
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesn’t want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.”可知答案。
8．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A．To teach us how to make true friends.
B．To find out how long a friendship can last.
C．To introduce his experience in making friends.
D．To tell us how to find out if a friend is a true friend.
D 解析：写作意图题。本文意在告诉我们如何判断一个朋友是不是真正的朋友。
完形填空
It was a Tuesday night and it would influence my family forever.
We were about to __1__ when I smelt something strange.We searched the house but found __2__．After about half an hour，however，the __3__ didn’t go away，so I got up to __4__ again and still didn’t find anything.I lay in bed and finally believed it was all in my __5__．I fell asleep at last.At about 11：30 pm，we __6__suddenly and got up immediately.It was very __7__ in the house.My husband Justin called my son Eric who was upstairs to get out.The room was soon filled with thick smoke.I couldn’t __8__ anymore.Thankfully Justin __9__ the window and we escaped with our little daughter.Justin went back to look for Eric.Thank God Eric managed to get out but I found his whole body __10__．
We hurried to a small hospital where Eric was __11__.80% of his body was injured.The day before Eric needed to go in for skin grafts(移植)，doctors removed his __12__—the head would be the only place where they could get the skin they needed.That was the __13__ thing I’d ever experienced.My son was in so much pain that I kept __14__．Eric received physical therapy(理疗) for months.
This may sound strange to you，but Eric now sees his accident as a blessing.He is so thankful for today’s __15__．He has ever met other burn survivors __16__ decades ago and seen their terrible looks.__17__，he thinks that he himself is so __18__ as his burns can be treated now.In my opinion，Eric is a great __19__．I am proud of him.He has grown much __20__ and loves life to its fullest.
【解题导语】 作者的儿子在大火中不幸烧伤，遭受了巨大的痛苦，但是依然对生活充满感恩。
1．A.cook B．leave
C．study D．sleep
D 解析：根据上文的It was a Tuesday night及下文so I got up to...可知，当时作者正要“睡觉”。
2．A.anything B．everything
C．nothing D．something
C 解析：根据下文still didn’t find anything可知，他们刚开始“什么都没有”发现。
3．A.stress B．scene
C．noise D．smell
D 解析：根据上文I smelt something strange可知，此处指“气味”没有消散。
4．A.stay B．wander
C．check D．escape
C 解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者再次起来“检查”。
5．A.eyes B．head
C．ears D．body
B 解析：由于没有检查出问题，作者认为只是“大脑”出现了幻觉。
6．A.woke B．fell
C．understood D．remembered
A 解析：根据上文I fell asleep at last.及下文的got up immediately可知，此处是说作者突然“惊醒”。
7．A.hot B．wet
C．quiet D．dirty
A 解析：根据语境可知，这时房间着火了，因此会很“热”。
8．A.hear B．move
C．survive D．breathe
D 解析：根据The room was soon filled with thick smoke.可知，房间里充满浓烟，因此作者“呼吸”困难。
9．A.repaired B．broke
C．examined D．closed
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者的丈夫“打破”窗户，他们得以逃生。
10．A.burned B．washed
C．dried D．covered
A 解析：根据下文可知，作者的儿子浑身被“烧伤”。
11．A.rewarded B．educated
C．praised D．treated
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者的儿子在这家医院“接受治疗”。
12．A.tears B．hair
C．coat D．shoes
B 解析：医生为了准备皮肤移植手术，需要把患者的“头发”剃光。
13．A.greatest B．worst
C．most important D．most embarrassing
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处是说这是作者“最糟糕”的经历。
14．A.shouting B．running
C．shaking D．crying
D 解析：儿子遭罪，母亲痛苦不已，不停地“哭泣”。
15．A.weather B．traffic
C．technology D．environment
C 解析：根据上下文可知，作者的儿子感谢如今发达的“技术”使其能够得到治疗。
16．A.discovered B．injured
C．killed D．employed
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处指那些与作者儿子一样“受伤”的幸存者。
17．A.Instead B．Besides
C．Therefore D．However
C 解析：几十年前烧伤的人，他们面目狰狞，无法治愈，但是现在作者的儿子能够得到很好的治疗。“因此”，他感到很幸运。前后是因果关系。
18．A.weak B．positive
C．lucky D．nervous
C 解析：作者的儿子认为自己很“幸运”，因为自己的烧伤能够得到治疗。
19．A.hero B．doctor
C．fan D．teacher
A 解析：根据I am proud of him.可知，作者认为儿子是她心中最伟大的“英雄”，为儿子感到骄傲。
20．A.stronger B．richer
C．older D．taller
A 解析：作者的儿子变得更加“坚强”、热爱生活。
课件33张PPT。Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaModule 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaModule 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaModule 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaModule 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient ChinaModule 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient Chinaorderpositionstressloveequalimportancekindness influential哲学家哲学 (常作复数)教导；学说思想家原则；准则辞职顾问be similar tobe at war withbring upfollow one’s advicebecome famous foras a resultthe way the reason why man is different from animals is thatit was also a time whenyou want to be treated谓语宾语时间状语本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
阅读理解
A
Confucius(551 BC－479 BC)was a thinker, educator, and founder of the Ru School for Chinese thought.
He was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government that helped many people learn about nature, the world and human beings.
Confucius’s social philosophy largely centers around the concept of “ren”， which is “loving others” and “honoring one’s parents”．Those who have developed “ren” are “simple in manner and slow of speech”．For Confucius, such concern for others is proved through the practice of the Golden Rule: “What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.”
Confucius thinks a good rulership was to have “de” or “virtue” which allows one to win people’s support without using any force and keep good order in his state without troubling himself, and that a ruler should rule his people by his own example and treat them with love and concern.
A characteristic of Confucius’s thought is his emphasis(强调) on education and study, “A good teacher is someone who knows well the ways of the past and the practices of the ancients.”and he also thinks “He who learns but does not think is lost.He who thinks but does not learn is in great danger.”
Confucius did not write down the principles of his philosophy; these were handed down only through his students.Lun Yu, a book compiled(编纂)by some of his students, is considered the most dependable source of information about his life and teachings.One of the historical works that he is said to have compiled and edited, The Spring and Autumn Annals, is describing Chinese history in the state of Lu from 722 BC to 481 BC.
Since Confucius’s teachings and philosophy were so advanced, it was the education for China for 2, 000 years.It is called Confucianism.
【解题导语】 本文属于人物传记类文章， 主要介绍了孔子的儒家思想对哲学、政治、教育的影响。
1．The passage mainly discusses ________．
A．Confucius and his great thought
B．the life of Confucius
C．Confucius’s influence on students
D．Confucius’s teaching methods
A 解析：主旨大意题。文章的第三段主要讨论的是孔子的社会哲学； 第四段谈论的是他的政治哲学； 第五段是他的教育观点； 所以A符合句意。
2. Confucius’s philosophic thinking can help people know about all the following EXCEPT ________．
A．humans B．nature
C．the world D．the sun
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的后半部分“...helped many people learn about nature, the world and human beings”可知没有提到D项。
3．Which of the following expresses Confucius’s educational idea?
A．What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others.
B．Learning and thinking should go hand in hand.
C．“Loving others” and “honoring one’s parents”．
D．A ruler should love and care about his people.
B 解析：细节理解题。A、C都反映了他的社会观， D反映了他的政治观， 从第五段可以看出B反映了他的教育观。
4. We can infer from the passage that a teacher should be a person who ________．
A．is old and experienced enough
B．learns but doesn’t think
C．does things according to good old ways
D．thinks a lot but doesn’t learn
C 解析：推理判断题。从倒数第三段中“A good teacher is someone who knows well the ways of the past and the practices of the ancients.”可知孔子认为老师应该是一个熟悉过去并且身体力行的人，因此选C。
B
People all need friends because nobody wants to be lonely and a friend can help you in good and bad times.You’ve made friends since childhood，but you still don’t know who your true friends are.Here are some signs to tell you if your friend is a true friend.
Always honest
Honesty is important to keep a relationship alive.A true friend always tells you the truth.It may be hard sometimes but lying can destroy a friendship.It is important that your friend speaks honestly and never makes up stories.
________
There are always periods in your life when you have problems or difficulties.A true friend will always have time to listen to your problems and give you advice.It may not be able to offer a solution to your problems but the fact that your friend makes time to listen is a sign he/she cares for you.Your friend is not a true friend if he/she can never make time for you when you are in trouble.You also need to be reasonable and accept that your friend also has other things to do so he/she can’t always listen immediately to your problems.
Always respectful(尊敬的)
A true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.Your true friend may disagree but never insists that he/she is correct.
Always understanding
It is possible that some problems will arise between you and your friend.A true friend will always be forgiving(体谅的)and understanding，even if it isn’t his/her fault.We are all different people and we all make mistakes.A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesn’t want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.
【解题导语】 什么样的朋友才是真正的朋友呢？本文给出了答案。
5．What’s the best title for the third paragraph?
A．Always there for you
B．Keep your secrets
C．Always happy for you
D．Remember your important days
A 解析：标题归纳题。本段主要讲真正的朋友在你遇到困难的时候会在你身边。
6．According to the passage，a true friend will always________．
A．follow your advice
B．offer a solution to your problems
C．listen immediately to your problems
D．respect your opinion even if he/she disagrees with it
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一句“A true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.”可知真正的朋友会尊重你的观点，不管他(或她)是否同意，故选D。
7．A true friend will always forgive and understand you because________．
A．he/she wants to help you
B．he/she doesn’t want to lose you
C．he/she wants you to feel confident
D．he/she doesn’t care about your mistakes
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesn’t want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.”可知答案。
8．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A．To teach us how to make true friends.
B．To find out how long a friendship can last.
C．To introduce his experience in making friends.
D．To tell us how to find out if a friend is a true friend.
D 解析：写作意图题。本文意在告诉我们如何判断一个朋友是不是真正的朋友。
完形填空
It was a Tuesday night and it would influence my family forever.
We were about to __1__ when I smelt something strange.We searched the house but found __2__．After about half an hour，however，the __3__ didn’t go away，so I got up to __4__ again and still didn’t find anything.I lay in bed and finally believed it was all in my __5__．I fell asleep at last.At about 11：30 pm，we __6__suddenly and got up immediately.It was very __7__ in the house.My husband Justin called my son Eric who was upstairs to get out.The room was soon filled with thick smoke.I couldn’t __8__ anymore.Thankfully Justin __9__ the window and we escaped with our little daughter.Justin went back to look for Eric.Thank God Eric managed to get out but I found his whole body __10__．
We hurried to a small hospital where Eric was __11__.80% of his body was injured.The day before Eric needed to go in for skin grafts(移植)，doctors removed his __12__—the head would be the only place where they could get the skin they needed.That was the __13__ thing I’d ever experienced.My son was in so much pain that I kept __14__．Eric received physical therapy(理疗) for months.
This may sound strange to you，but Eric now sees his accident as a blessing.He is so thankful for today’s __15__．He has ever met other burn survivors __16__ decades ago and seen their terrible looks.__17__，he thinks that he himself is so __18__ as his burns can be treated now.In my opinion，Eric is a great __19__．I am proud of him.He has grown much __20__ and loves life to its fullest.
【解题导语】 作者的儿子在大火中不幸烧伤，遭受了巨大的痛苦，但是依然对生活充满感恩。
1．A.cook B．leave
C．study D．sleep
D 解析：根据上文的It was a Tuesday night及下文so I got up to...可知，当时作者正要“睡觉”。
2．A.anything B．everything
C．nothing D．something
C 解析：根据下文still didn’t find anything可知，他们刚开始“什么都没有”发现。
3．A.stress B．scene
C．noise D．smell
D 解析：根据上文I smelt something strange可知，此处指“气味”没有消散。
4．A.stay B．wander
C．check D．escape
C 解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者再次起来“检查”。
5．A.eyes B．head
C．ears D．body
B 解析：由于没有检查出问题，作者认为只是“大脑”出现了幻觉。
6．A.woke B．fell
C．understood D．remembered
A 解析：根据上文I fell asleep at last.及下文的got up immediately可知，此处是说作者突然“惊醒”。
7．A.hot B．wet
C．quiet D．dirty
A 解析：根据语境可知，这时房间着火了，因此会很“热”。
8．A.hear B．move
C．survive D．breathe
D 解析：根据The room was soon filled with thick smoke.可知，房间里充满浓烟，因此作者“呼吸”困难。
9．A.repaired B．broke
C．examined D．closed
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处指作者的丈夫“打破”窗户，他们得以逃生。
10．A.burned B．washed
C．dried D．covered
A 解析：根据下文可知，作者的儿子浑身被“烧伤”。
11．A.rewarded B．educated
C．praised D．treated
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者的儿子在这家医院“接受治疗”。
12．A.tears B．hair
C．coat D．shoes
B 解析：医生为了准备皮肤移植手术，需要把患者的“头发”剃光。
13．A.greatest B．worst
C．most important D．most embarrassing
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处是说这是作者“最糟糕”的经历。
14．A.shouting B．running
C．shaking D．crying
D 解析：儿子遭罪，母亲痛苦不已，不停地“哭泣”。
15．A.weather B．traffic
C．technology D．environment
C 解析：根据上下文可知，作者的儿子感谢如今发达的“技术”使其能够得到治疗。
16．A.discovered B．injured
C．killed D．employed
B 解析：根据语境可知，此处指那些与作者儿子一样“受伤”的幸存者。
17．A.Instead B．Besides
C．Therefore D．However
C 解析：几十年前烧伤的人，他们面目狰狞，无法治愈，但是现在作者的儿子能够得到很好的治疗。“因此”，他感到很幸运。前后是因果关系。
18．A.weak B．positive
C．lucky D．nervous
C 解析：作者的儿子认为自己很“幸运”，因为自己的烧伤能够得到治疗。
19．A.hero B．doctor
C．fan D．teacher
A 解析：根据I am proud of him.可知，作者认为儿子是她心中最伟大的“英雄”，为儿子感到骄傲。
20．A.stronger B．richer
C．older D．taller
A 解析：作者的儿子变得更加“坚强”、热爱生活。
Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Language Points
equal adj.平等的；相当的；胜任的
v．等于；比得上
n．和自己相当的人或物
(教材P41)All human beings are equal. 人人平等。
(1)equal sb./sth.(in...) (在……方面)比得上，
与……匹敌；与……相等
(2)be equal to sth./doing sth. 等于；胜任
(3)without (an) equal 无人可比的
(4)equally adv. 同样地；相等地
equality n. 相等；平等
①Men and women have equal rights in China.
在中国，男女拥有平等的权利。
②Four plus four equals eight.
四加四等于八。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The happiness you feel is equal to the love you give.
②His paintings are without equal in the Western world.That is, no one else equals him in painting.
③a.Black people had to fight for social and economic equality(equal) with whites.
b．(福建卷)Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be__equally(equal) respected.
[链接写作]——完成句子
④He is not equal to the job/position(胜任工作) and we’d better get someone else to do it.
be at war with 和……处于战争状态
(教材P43)Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。
(1)declare war on... 对……宣战
(2)“at＋n.”构成短语，表示“处于……状态”。
at peace处于和平状态；at rest在休息；at play在游戏；at work在工作；at table/dinner在吃饭；at lunch在吃午饭；at school在上学
①The two countries have been at war for many years.People there are suffering a lot.
两国交战多年，那里的人民苦难深重。
②(牛津词典)The country has been at war with its neighbor for two years.
这个国家与邻国已打了两年仗了。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①1941年德国和意大利对美国宣战。
Germany and Italy declared war on the USA in 1941.
②那两个国家过去曾处于交战状态，但现在它们已经和平共处了。
The two countries used to be at war, but now they are at peace．
③孩子们在做游戏，而他们的父母在吃午饭。
The children were at play while their parents were at lunch．
stress vt.强调；施压于；使紧张 n．强调；压力
(教材P43)He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.
他强调仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。
(1)lay/put/place stress on sth. 强调/重视某事
under stress 在压力下
under the stress of 为……所迫
(2)stress the importance of... 强调……的重要性
(3)stressful adj. 压力大的；紧张的
①(浙江卷)One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。
②The roof couldn’t bear the stress of the snow.
屋顶承受不了积雪的压力。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
②We lay special stress on developing good neighbourly relations with nearby countries.
③She finds her new job very stressful(stress) but she will never give it up.
[链接写作]——一句多译
老师经常强调勤奋在通往成功之路上的重要性。(stress)
④Teachers often stress the importance of diligence in the approach to success.
⑤Teachers often lay/put stress on diligence in the approach to success.
order n．秩序，次序；命令；订购；订单
v．命令，指令；订购
(教材P43)He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.
他强调仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。
(1)order sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事
order that...(should)＋动词原形 命令……
(2)in order 井然有序；适宜的
out of order 紊乱的；出故障的
in order of 按……的顺序
(3)place an order for sth.with (sb.) 和(某人)订购某物
They were ordered out of the class for fighting.
他们因打架被勒令退出课堂。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
① a．(北京卷)To catch the early flight，we ordered(order)a taxi in advance and got up very early.
b．(2016·北京卷)Ordered(order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
②All the things in the room were out of order，but she quickly put them in order.
③I’d like to place an order for some tea with your company in the coming week.
[链接写作]——一句多译
老人命令那位粗鲁的人立刻出去。
④The old man ordered the rude man to go out at once.(简单句)
⑤The old man ordered that the rude man (should) go out at once.(复合句)
order作动词用时，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气， 从句的谓语要用should＋do或省略should。作名词用，表示“命令” 时，相关的从句也要用虚拟语气。
(教材P43)His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother.
他幼年丧父，由母亲抚养长大。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中bring up的含义
①(朗文辞典)Why did you have to bring up the subject of money？提出
②(朗文辞典)All of our kids were brought up to respect other people.教育
③The boy, though brought up in the countryside, has a strong interest in the colorful city life.养育
bring about 引起，导致
bring back 归还；带回；(事物)使记起
bring down 使倒下；降低
bring in 吸引；引进；赚得
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
④The economic reform brought about great change in the lives of the common people.
⑤(陕西卷)Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades.
⑥Please bring back the book you borrowed from the library last week.
the reason why...is that...……的原因是……
(教材P43)Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
孟子认为，人之所以不同于动物，是因为人性本善。
句中“the reason why...is that...” 意为“……的原因是……”。其中why引导的是定语从句，that引导的是表语从句。
(1)reason的相关搭配及句型：
for...reason 由于……原因
the reason for (doing) sth. (做)某事的原因
The reason for (doing) sth.is/was that...
(做)某事的原因是……
(2)That/This is because... 这是因为……(表语从句表示原因)
(3)That/This is why... 这就是……的原因(表语从句表示结果)
①The reason why he was late was that he slept too late last night.
他迟到的原因是昨晚睡得太晚了。
②The reason why you can get the first place is that you have been working hard this term.
你能得第一名的原因是这学期你一直在努力学习。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①a.The reason why he failed the English exam was that he didn’t learn it well.
b．The reason that/which he explained to me about his failure was that he hadn’t made full preparations.
②When asked about the reason for winning the competition, he owed his success to his mother.
③a.Sorry，we are late.That’s because we were held up in the traffic jam.
b．We were held up in the traffic jam and that’s why we are late.
the reason后定语从句的引导词用why/for which还是用that/which，取决于其在定语从句中所承担的句子成分。缺少主语、宾语、表语用that或which；缺少状语用why或for which。
品句填词
1．Our education system should provide equal(平等的) opportunities for all children.
2．As for cheating in the exams, I will tell them the importance(重要) of honesty.
3．He ordered(命令) us to leave at once, but nobody followed it.
4．Whether or not you’re given a car depends on your position(地位) in the company.
5．Janet’s been under a lot of stress(压力) since her mother’s illness.
6．David Bowie, a Britain’s very influential(有影响的)singer, died in 2016, at age 69 after a long battle with cancer.
7．Everyone present at the meeting agreed to stick to the principle(原则) that everyone should be treated fairly.
8．Many old people still have the belief(信念) that boys are better than girls.
单句改错
1．About one fifth of the freshmen said that they brought up in small towns.在brought前加were
2．The reason why I didn’t attend his wedding was because I hadn’t received his invitation.because→that
3．He had to obey the order that he finished the secret task ahead of time.finished→finish
4．There was a time which I hated to go to school.which→when
5．The way what was used to solve the problem was brought up by Tom.what→that/which
课文语法填空
Ancient China was a place where states were often 1.at war with each other. There were three 2.greatest(great) philosophers: Confucius, Mencius and Mozi.
Confucius, 3.who was born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC, 4.stressed(stress) the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society 5.was__influenced (influence) by these ideas for over 2，000 years.
Mencius’s teachings were similar to 6.those of Confucius.He believed that the reason why man is different from animals is 7.that man is good.
Mozi was also an influential philosopher. Mozi believed that all men were 8.equal(equally).9.Differing/Different (differ) from Confucius, he taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are 10.weaker(weak) than ourselves. Mozi founded Mohism.
单句语法填空
1．They are fighting for the equality of women, because they think they should be treated equally．(equal)
2．(2019·重庆育才中学高一月考)The way that/which he told us was quite simple to work out the problem.
3．I’d like to take the opportunity to put stress on the importance of education.
4．The manager ordered that the project (should) be finished(finish) before Friday.
5．(2019· 湖北黄冈高一期中)The reason that/which she gave for being absent from class was that the heavy snow prevented her coming.
6．How long do you think the two countries will be at war with each other?
7．As we all know, Confucius is one of the most influential(influence) philosophers in China.
8．The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environments.
9．It was a time when all the children were expected to study hard.
10．Tom is similar in height to Peter though they are of different ages.
阅读理解
A
You may be familiar with the following famous people, but have you heard of their graduation speeches，in which they either share their unforgotten experiences or give you some great inspiration(启迪)．
?Michael Dell, University of Texas at Austin
And now you’ve accomplished something great and important here, and it’s time for you to move on to what’s next.And you must not let anything prevent you from taking those first steps. You must also commit to the adventure.Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge you’ve been blessed(赐予) with and go.
?J.K.Rowling, Harvard University
Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balance between my ambition and the expectation from my parents who were not rich.But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty(贫穷), but failure.The fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you know little about failure. You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.
?Steve Jobs, Stanford University
Sometimes life’s going to hit you in the head with a brick.Don’t lose faith.Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do.If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking, and don’t settle.
?Bill Gates, Harvard University
We need as many people as possible to have access to the advanced technology to lead to a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches and deal with the world’s inequities(不公平) like hunger, poverty, and so on.
【解题导语】 你可能熟悉这几位名人，但你有没有听说过他们的毕业演讲？他们要么分享了他们难忘的经历，要么给了你很大的灵感(启迪)。
1．What Michael Dell said is to urge us to ________．
A．listen to our heart B．pursue our dreams
C．follow others’ example D．learn from our mistakes
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章小标题 Michael Dell, University of Texas at Austin 下第一、二句话中的．..and it’s time for you to move on to what’s next.And you must not let anything prevent you from taking those first steps.可知，是时候迈出下一步了，不要让任何事情阻止你迈出第一步。由此可推断出是在鼓励我们坚持追逐梦想。故正确答案为B。
2．What did J．K.Rowling fear most when she was studying in university?
A．Poverty. B．Hunger.
C．Failure. D．Appearance.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章小标题 J．K.Rowling, Harvard University 下的第二句 But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty(贫穷), but failure.可知，J.K.Rowling最担心的不是贫穷，而是失败。故正确答案为C。
3．Who wants to express “Keep looking for what you believe in”？
A．Michael Dell. B．J.K.Rowling.
C．Bill Gates. D．Steve Jobs.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据小标题Steve Jobs, Stanford University下的第三句话中的and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work和最后一句话If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking, and don’t settle.可知，唯一让自己得到真正满足的方法是做一项你相信的伟大的工作。如果你还没找到它，请继续寻找，不要停下。故正确答案为D。
4．What does Bill Gates suggest people do?
A．Make contributions to the environment.
B．Take responsibility for their own behavior.
C．Make joint efforts to rid some global problems.
D．Master as much advanced technology as possible.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章小标题 Bill Gates, Harvard University 下的第一、二句话 We need as many people as possible to have access to the advanced technology to lead to a revolution in what human beings can do for one another...see approaches and deal with the world’s inequities(不公平) like hunger, poverty...可知，我们需要尽可能多的人接触到高科技，引发一场人们为彼此所做的革命，从而解决一些世界的不平等问题。故正确答案为C。
B
“This isn’t Disneyland, I’m not a novelty.This is as real as it gets，”sing The Sisters of Invention.
The young women—Annika, Michelle, Jackie, Aimee and Caroline—are a pop group with a difference.All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.
The five are based in Adelaide, Australia, and met in 2010 when they sang together in a choir(合唱队) run by Tutti, an organization which supports disabled artists.Tutti saw they had talent and invited them to form a group.Now they perform together two or three times per month, and this is how they make a living.
Michelle is 25 and has cerebral palsy(脑瘫) and a mild learning disability.She says，“We choose the name The Sisters of Invention because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage.For the invention part, we are trying to change people’s view of people with disabilities.We are reinventing the rules.”
All their songs are based on the members’ own experiences and were written as a group in their twice weekly meetings at Tutti.“We would arrive in the morning and I’d say, ‘What do you want to talk about today？’”says their manager and producer Michael Ross.He then noted down everything they said until lyrics took shape.Ross says that putting “their truth” out there is important.He says，“What I’m interested in is that we get to see the world in a way that people in pop culture almost never get to see.It is creative gold.”
When they perform their songs, the physical side of their disabilities is more obvious, but Ross says，“They’re not up there to show their barriers or difficulties.They’re up there to show their strengths.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。五个有学习障碍的女孩组成了一支乐队，她们通过演出向人们展现自己的力量。
5．What do we know about The Sisters of Invention?
A．All its members are disabled.
B．It was founded all by five girls.
C．It has existed for less than ten years.
D．They perform not in order to make money.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.”可知，五个女孩都有学习障碍，有的还有别的残疾。
6．The girls choose the name The Sisters of Invention because ________．
A．they all have great talent
B．they help each other like sisters
C．they have the same experiences
D．they are good at inventing things
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“...because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage”可知，之所以给乐队起这个名字是因为五个成员亲如姐妹，互相支持。
7．How does Michael Ross produce lyrics for The Sisters of Invention?
A．By talking with the girls.
B．By asking the girls questions.
C．By learning about pop culture.
D．By using his personal experiences.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第五段可知，制作人通过跟五个姐妹聊天，很自然地写出歌词。
8．How do audiences probably feel watching the performances of The Sisters of Invention?
A．They will feel bored.
B．They will be inspired.
C．They will feel disappointed.
D．They will have pity on them.
B 解析：推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，尽管五个姐妹在演出时残疾暴露得更明显，但她们意在向人们展现自己的力量。
七选五
How to Make a Good First Impression
Have you ever met someone and walked away with“fool”or“loser”in mind? Are you afraid of being that someone and having others not like or understand you? Happily, you can get rid of these worries and fears by learning some effective skills on how to make a great and lasting first impression.Let’s get started.
Talk about your interests and hobbies.1.________．It is always a great conversation starter! Ask if they like a specific band or singer.The more you have in common, the easier it will be to carry on the conversation.
Smile.Especially when first meeting someone.It’s not necessary to show your teeth, just a meaningful grin(露齿而笑) will do.2.________， or people will feel you’re being fake or that you don’t like them.
3．________．Stay focused on the person you are speaking with and certainly not on anything else to avoid them feeling unappreciated and unwanted.Often if the person has an eye problem, like an eye that turns in, you’re put off by this.Instead, focus on the person’s nose or mouth.
Have a sense of humor.Born funny people are just themselves and the humor shows.Don’t worry if you are not a born funny person.4.________．Don’t keep serious all the time while you are talking to a new friend.
Be yourself.Don’t pretend to be someone you’re not, or you are stuck with that label forever.Be yourself.That may be what everyone says but it is entirely true! 5.________．If somebody finds out you have been lying to him or her, they will be very hurt and it will be hard for them to forgive you easily.
A．Appreciate others
B．Make eye contact
C．Never lie to anybody about yourself and always be honest
D．Keep smiling when you are talking to a new friend
E．People who try to be funny can be funny if they try hard
F．Be careful not to change from a smile to a straight face too quickly
G．Ask other people about what their hobbies are
【解题导语】 文章讲述了应该怎样做才能给人留下一个好印象。
1．G 解析：前文提到讨论自己的兴趣和爱好，所以答案是G，询问他人的爱好。
2．F 解析：前文提到微笑时应做到露齿而笑，下文提到否则人们会认为你不喜欢他们，显然也是说的微笑时应该注意的，所以答案是F。
3．B 解析：下文讲述的是眼神的交流，所以答案是B。
4．E 解析：前文提到不要担心你天生不是一个幽默的人，如果你努力想要成为一个幽默的人则有可能成为一个幽默的人，所以答案是E。
5．C 解析：前文提到永远做自己，下文说不对任何人说谎，所以答案是C。
课件27张PPT。Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient Chinatowithout inequalityequallyequal to the job/positiondeclared war onat warat peaceat play at lunchunderonstressfulstress the importance oflay/put stress onorderedOrderedoutinforwithordered the rude man to go out atordered that the rude man (should) go out提出教育养育aboutdownbackwhy that that/whichforbecausewhy本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Our education system should provide equal(平等的) opportunities for all children.
2．As for cheating in the exams, I will tell them the importance(重要) of honesty.
3．He ordered(命令) us to leave at once, but nobody followed it.
4．Whether or not you’re given a car depends on your position(地位) in the company.
5．Janet’s been under a lot of stress(压力) since her mother’s illness.
6．David Bowie, a Britain’s very influential(有影响的)singer, died in 2016, at age 69 after a long battle with cancer.
7．Everyone present at the meeting agreed to stick to the principle(原则) that everyone should be treated fairly.
8．Many old people still have the belief(信念) that boys are better than girls.
单句改错
1．About one fifth of the freshmen said that they brought up in small towns.在brought前加were
2．The reason why I didn’t attend his wedding was because I hadn’t received his invitation.because→that
3．He had to obey the order that he finished the secret task ahead of time.finished→finish
4．There was a time which I hated to go to school.which→when
5．The way what was used to solve the problem was brought up by Tom.what→that/which
课文语法填空
Ancient China was a place where states were often 1.at war with each other. There were three 2.greatest(great) philosophers: Confucius, Mencius and Mozi.
Confucius, 3.who was born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC, 4.stressed(stress) the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society 5.was__influenced (influence) by these ideas for over 2，000 years.
Mencius’s teachings were similar to 6.those of Confucius.He believed that the reason why man is different from animals is 7.that man is good.
Mozi was also an influential philosopher. Mozi believed that all men were 8.equal(equally).9.Differing/Different (differ) from Confucius, he taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are 10.weaker(weak) than ourselves. Mozi founded Mohism.
单句语法填空
1．They are fighting for the equality of women, because they think they should be treated equally．(equal)
2．(2019·重庆育才中学高一月考)The way that/which he told us was quite simple to work out the problem.
3．I’d like to take the opportunity to put stress on the importance of education.
4．The manager ordered that the project (should) be finished(finish) before Friday.
5．(2019· 湖北黄冈高一期中)The reason that/which she gave for being absent from class was that the heavy snow prevented her coming.
6．How long do you think the two countries will be at war with each other?
7．As we all know, Confucius is one of the most influential(influence) philosophers in China.
8．The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environments.
9．It was a time when all the children were expected to study hard.
10．Tom is similar in height to Peter though they are of different ages.
阅读理解
A
You may be familiar with the following famous people, but have you heard of their graduation speeches，in which they either share their unforgotten experiences or give you some great inspiration(启迪)．
?Michael Dell, University of Texas at Austin
And now you’ve accomplished something great and important here, and it’s time for you to move on to what’s next.And you must not let anything prevent you from taking those first steps. You must also commit to the adventure.Just have faith in the skills and the knowledge you’ve been blessed(赐予) with and go.
?J.K.Rowling, Harvard University
Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balance between my ambition and the expectation from my parents who were not rich.But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty(贫穷), but failure.The fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you know little about failure. You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success.
?Steve Jobs, Stanford University
Sometimes life’s going to hit you in the head with a brick.Don’t lose faith.Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work, and the only way to do great work is to love what you do.If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking, and don’t settle.
?Bill Gates, Harvard University
We need as many people as possible to have access to the advanced technology to lead to a revolution in what human beings can do for one another.They are making it possible not just for national governments, but for universities, smaller organizations, and even individuals to see problems, see approaches and deal with the world’s inequities(不公平) like hunger, poverty, and so on.
【解题导语】 你可能熟悉这几位名人，但你有没有听说过他们的毕业演讲？他们要么分享了他们难忘的经历，要么给了你很大的灵感(启迪)。
1．What Michael Dell said is to urge us to ________．
A．listen to our heart B．pursue our dreams
C．follow others’ example D．learn from our mistakes
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章小标题 Michael Dell, University of Texas at Austin 下第一、二句话中的．..and it’s time for you to move on to what’s next.And you must not let anything prevent you from taking those first steps.可知，是时候迈出下一步了，不要让任何事情阻止你迈出第一步。由此可推断出是在鼓励我们坚持追逐梦想。故正确答案为B。
2．What did J．K.Rowling fear most when she was studying in university?
A．Poverty. B．Hunger.
C．Failure. D．Appearance.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章小标题 J．K.Rowling, Harvard University 下的第二句 But what I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty(贫穷), but failure.可知，J.K.Rowling最担心的不是贫穷，而是失败。故正确答案为C。
3．Who wants to express “Keep looking for what you believe in”？
A．Michael Dell. B．J.K.Rowling.
C．Bill Gates. D．Steve Jobs.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据小标题Steve Jobs, Stanford University下的第三句话中的and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work和最后一句话If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking, and don’t settle.可知，唯一让自己得到真正满足的方法是做一项你相信的伟大的工作。如果你还没找到它，请继续寻找，不要停下。故正确答案为D。
4．What does Bill Gates suggest people do?
A．Make contributions to the environment.
B．Take responsibility for their own behavior.
C．Make joint efforts to rid some global problems.
D．Master as much advanced technology as possible.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章小标题 Bill Gates, Harvard University 下的第一、二句话 We need as many people as possible to have access to the advanced technology to lead to a revolution in what human beings can do for one another...see approaches and deal with the world’s inequities(不公平) like hunger, poverty...可知，我们需要尽可能多的人接触到高科技，引发一场人们为彼此所做的革命，从而解决一些世界的不平等问题。故正确答案为C。
B
“This isn’t Disneyland, I’m not a novelty.This is as real as it gets，”sing The Sisters of Invention.
The young women—Annika, Michelle, Jackie, Aimee and Caroline—are a pop group with a difference.All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.
The five are based in Adelaide, Australia, and met in 2010 when they sang together in a choir(合唱队) run by Tutti, an organization which supports disabled artists.Tutti saw they had talent and invited them to form a group.Now they perform together two or three times per month, and this is how they make a living.
Michelle is 25 and has cerebral palsy(脑瘫) and a mild learning disability.She says，“We choose the name The Sisters of Invention because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage.For the invention part, we are trying to change people’s view of people with disabilities.We are reinventing the rules.”
All their songs are based on the members’ own experiences and were written as a group in their twice weekly meetings at Tutti.“We would arrive in the morning and I’d say, ‘What do you want to talk about today？’”says their manager and producer Michael Ross.He then noted down everything they said until lyrics took shape.Ross says that putting “their truth” out there is important.He says，“What I’m interested in is that we get to see the world in a way that people in pop culture almost never get to see.It is creative gold.”
When they perform their songs, the physical side of their disabilities is more obvious, but Ross says，“They’re not up there to show their barriers or difficulties.They’re up there to show their strengths.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。五个有学习障碍的女孩组成了一支乐队，她们通过演出向人们展现自己的力量。
5．What do we know about The Sisters of Invention?
A．All its members are disabled.
B．It was founded all by five girls.
C．It has existed for less than ten years.
D．They perform not in order to make money.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.”可知，五个女孩都有学习障碍，有的还有别的残疾。
6．The girls choose the name The Sisters of Invention because ________．
A．they all have great talent
B．they help each other like sisters
C．they have the same experiences
D．they are good at inventing things
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“...because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage”可知，之所以给乐队起这个名字是因为五个成员亲如姐妹，互相支持。
7．How does Michael Ross produce lyrics for The Sisters of Invention?
A．By talking with the girls.
B．By asking the girls questions.
C．By learning about pop culture.
D．By using his personal experiences.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第五段可知，制作人通过跟五个姐妹聊天，很自然地写出歌词。
8．How do audiences probably feel watching the performances of The Sisters of Invention?
A．They will feel bored.
B．They will be inspired.
C．They will feel disappointed.
D．They will have pity on them.
B 解析：推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，尽管五个姐妹在演出时残疾暴露得更明显，但她们意在向人们展现自己的力量。
七选五
How to Make a Good First Impression
Have you ever met someone and walked away with“fool”or“loser”in mind? Are you afraid of being that someone and having others not like or understand you? Happily, you can get rid of these worries and fears by learning some effective skills on how to make a great and lasting first impression.Let’s get started.
Talk about your interests and hobbies.1.________．It is always a great conversation starter! Ask if they like a specific band or singer.The more you have in common, the easier it will be to carry on the conversation.
Smile.Especially when first meeting someone.It’s not necessary to show your teeth, just a meaningful grin(露齿而笑) will do.2.________， or people will feel you’re being fake or that you don’t like them.
3．________．Stay focused on the person you are speaking with and certainly not on anything else to avoid them feeling unappreciated and unwanted.Often if the person has an eye problem, like an eye that turns in, you’re put off by this.Instead, focus on the person’s nose or mouth.
Have a sense of humor.Born funny people are just themselves and the humor shows.Don’t worry if you are not a born funny person.4.________．Don’t keep serious all the time while you are talking to a new friend.
Be yourself.Don’t pretend to be someone you’re not, or you are stuck with that label forever.Be yourself.That may be what everyone says but it is entirely true! 5.________．If somebody finds out you have been lying to him or her, they will be very hurt and it will be hard for them to forgive you easily.
A．Appreciate others
B．Make eye contact
C．Never lie to anybody about yourself and always be honest
D．Keep smiling when you are talking to a new friend
E．People who try to be funny can be funny if they try hard
F．Be careful not to change from a smile to a straight face too quickly
G．Ask other people about what their hobbies are
【解题导语】 文章讲述了应该怎样做才能给人留下一个好印象。
1．G 解析：前文提到讨论自己的兴趣和爱好，所以答案是G，询问他人的爱好。
2．F 解析：前文提到微笑时应做到露齿而笑，下文提到否则人们会认为你不喜欢他们，显然也是说的微笑时应该注意的，所以答案是F。
3．B 解析：下文讲述的是眼神的交流，所以答案是B。
4．E 解析：前文提到不要担心你天生不是一个幽默的人，如果你努力想要成为一个幽默的人则有可能成为一个幽默的人，所以答案是E。
5．C 解析：前文提到永远做自己，下文说不对任何人说谎，所以答案是C。
课件38张PPT。Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient Chinajusticesoft conditionhonestycontributioninventargumentfreedom树皮皮革和尚范畴；种类燃料be proud ofin conclusionfor the first timedo knowno faster than a horsecontributiontotoencouragingargumentabout/overagainst withdrew/came to/arrived at a conclusionjump to a conclusionIn conclusioninconditionsOnonOnon condition thatdid calldoes livedo wish no more interesting thannot more interesting thanno more thannot more than本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Many people are worried about the justice(公正) of the case, in which the poor man was sentenced to 4 years in prison.
2．The boy’s honesty(诚实) is what makes him different from the other children.
3．The inventor won the first prize because of the wonderful machine he invented(发明)．
4．The three spacemen made great contributions(贡献) to the development of the space program.
5．After a long period of argument(争论)，we finally reached an agreement about the problem.
6．Though used for more than 5 years, my car is still in good condition(状况)．
7．Today we have the freedom(自由)to decide our own future.
8．It is known that fuels(燃料) like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution.
单句改错
1．We are proud what we have achieved and are prepared to do a better job.在proud后加of
2．To conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.To→In
3．You can use my computer on condition what you return it to me on time.what→that
4．He can’t go for an outing, since he is out of the condition.去掉the
5．I thought him to be nice and honest for the first time I met him.去掉for
课文语篇改错
In Europe, in the second half of the eighteenth century, there was a important change in society, it was called the “Industrial Revolution”．As the Industrial Revolution, factories appeared and mass production became possible the first time. The factories were built in towns and as a result, the population of towns and cities was greatly increased.
During the Industrial Revolution, factory owners became much powerful than land owners. Thousands of people leave the countryside to work in the city. Often, factory workers lived in poorly and crowded condition. From 1830 to the early 20th century, the Industrial Revolution spread through Europe and the US and then in other countries such as Japan.
答案：
In Europe, in the second half of the eighteenth century, there was important change in society， was called the “Industrial Revolution”. the Industrial Revolution, factories appeared and mass production became possible the first time. The factories were built in towns and as a result, the population of towns and cities greatly increased.
During the Industrial Revolution, factory owners became powerful than land owners. Thousands of people the countryside to work in the city. Often, factory workers lived in and crowded .From 1830 to the early 20th century, the Industrial Revolution spread through Europe and the US and then other countries such as Japan.
单句语法填空
1．He had an argument(argue) with his teacher about this question in the classroom last night but they didn’t reach any conclusion.
2．The invention(invent) of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.
3．I don’t care about the price, so long as the car is in good condition.
4．A good habit contributes to good health.We must keep a healthy body so that we can make contributions(contribute) to our country.
5．(2019·厦门一中高一月考)Up to now no conclusion(conclude)has been reached about who the first prize should go to.
6．The children were so excited to be taken abroad for the first time.
7．—The dish is delicious!
—Well, at least it’s no worse(bad) than the one I cooked yesterday.
8．In my opinion, honesty(honest) is the most important part of friendship, because I hate being cheated.
9．They did (do) go to see you yesterday, but failed to meet you.
10．He is always proud of his excellent spoken English, while his sister takes pride in her beauty.
阅读理解
When I was a child，my father bought me a new toy every other week when he received his pay check.I loved to take the toys apart to learn their basic principles，and then put them back together.
Most of the time，the toys still worked，but I clearly remember getting a toy robot that would walk either forwards or backwards.I took the robot apart but when I put it back together, it couldn’t walk any more.I figured out what was wrong with it but was not able to fix it.It was especially disappointing because I really liked the robot.
By the time I was ten or so，my parents allowed me to play outdoors alone.During the summer，on the junk day，I would check out what people were throwing away.People did not use garbage bags then，so all waste was in metal cans，which made it easy to check out what was in the waste.I took home some equipment，radios，and televisions.I took them apart and learned how they were built.
Through learning by myself，I built a telephone.I made my own microphone(扩音器)by taking apart old dry batteries and taking the carbon rods(碳棒)out of them.I then broke the rods into powder and used the carbon powder to make the microphone.I used the microphone in my home-made telephone.Later I made another carbon microphone，which I connected in series with a speaker I took from an old radio.I put the speaker in a bush by the sidewalk and ran wires around the side of the house where the batteries and my home-made microphone were.I had much fun playing jokes on people walking by with that device(装置)．
【解题导语】 作者小时候喜欢研究和发明新东西，他经常从别人的垃圾里寻找可以利用的材料。
1．What happened when the author put back the toy robot together?
A．It didn’t work normally.
B．It looked like a disappointing toy.
C．He found something was missing.
D．He didn’t know what was wrong with it.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的I took the robot apart but when I put it back together, it couldn’t walk any more.可知，那个玩具机器人坏了。
2．How did the author get what he wanted after turning 10?
A．Through checking garbage bags.
B．Through collecting them outdoors.
C．Through asking his parents for them.
D．Through borrowing them from his neighbors.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的During the summer, on the junk day, I would check out what people were throwing away.可知，作者在户外搜集可用的东西。
3．What did the author do to get the microphones he needed?
A．He took apart an old telephone.
B．He looked for them everywhere.
C．He used old things to make them.
D．He took some carbon rods from a broken radio.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的I made my own microphone(扩音器)．..to make the microphone.可知，作者是用家里的旧物制作了自己所需要的扩音器。
4．After reading the text，what can we learn about the author as a child?
A．He didn’t know his interest.
B．He was laughed at by others.
C．He didn’t study hard at school.
D．He loved inventing new things.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者喜欢搜集和拆卸旧东西，然后自己再做一些东西。
完形填空
From age eight to eleven, I attended a small school in our village. It was made up of four __1__with about 25 children in each class according to age. Most of the time, one teacher was responsible for __2__ all subjects. However, the headmaster would __3__ come into the only classroom and gave lessons __4__ the teacher if he had asked for leave. It seemed that there was no subject he was not good at __5__ he could give us lessons on all the subjects.
The headmaster’s name was Ronald Broackes. He was a large fat man born with optimism. Although he was quite __6__ about rules within the school, all the students there __7__ him as he was humorous(幽默的) and would make them __8__ by telling small stories.
He paid much attention to developing students’ personal interest and had a great__9__on many of the children. In my own case, he __10__ that I enjoyed working on puzzles(难题). He would often __11__ me on my way to class and take a piece of paper out of his pocket, with a puzzle already on it. The puzzles were usually mathematical or logical. As time went on, they gradually got more __12__， but I enjoyed them. Not only that, he helped me develop a(n)__13__ of mathematics and problem-solving that __14__ stays with me to this day. Today I can remember Mr. Broackes’ excited __15__ of “Well done! ”whenever I got a problem __16__. Or he would smile cunningly(狡黠地) when I__17__to work them out.
The time spent with him has a deep influence on my life indeed.I always feel I was __18__ enough to have met him then. I had been__19__Mr. Broackes in the next years as I needed his __20__ face to face. He died in 1993. I will admire and respect him forever.
【解题导语】 本篇文章中作者回忆了对他一生都有着深刻影响的一位老师。
1. A．houses B．classes
C．areas D．subjects
B 解析：由此空后的“with about 25 children in each class according to age”可知，此处是说 “我”的学校很小， 只有四个班级。
2. A．discussing B．preparing
C．studying D．teaching
D 解析：学校很小，大多数时候都是一位老师负责“教”所有的科目。
3. A．suddenly B．finally
C．sometimes D．slowly
C 解析：由上文可知， 大多数时候都是一位老师负责教所有的科目，由本句话的“However”可知此处是转折，也就是说校长偶尔也会来教课。
4. A．in memory of B．in place of
C．in honor of D．with the help of
B 解析：由下文“if he had asked for leave”可知，在老师请假的时候校长会代替他讲课。
5. A．as B．though
C．or D．but
A 解析：由语境可知，此处是解释“It seemed that there was no subject he was not good at”。
6. A．concerned B．careless
C．strict D．annoyed
C 解析：作为校长，Mr.Broackes在学校纪律上的要求非常严格。
7. A．thanked B．disliked
C．respected D．welcomed
D 解析：上文说校长很严厉，按理说孩子们是不大喜欢这样的校长(老师)的，但由转折词“Although”可知，此处是说尽管他很严厉，但还是很受学生们欢迎。
8. A．laugh B．think
C．sleep D．speak
A 解析：此处解释的是为什么学生喜欢他，由此空前的“humorous(幽默的)”可知，此处是说他很幽默，经常讲小故事逗学生们开心。
9. A．pity B．influence
C．goal D．pride
B 解析：由下文“The time spent with him has a deep influence on my life indeed.”可知，此处是说他很注重培养学生的个人兴趣，对很多学生都有深刻的影响。
10．A.discovered B．doubted
C．hoped D．guessed
A 解析：上文说他很注重培养学生的个人兴趣，只有他发现“我”喜欢做难题，才会有下文的他给“我”难题纸条。
11. A．bother B．stop
C．surprise D．question
B 解析：由语境可知， 校长总是在“我”去上课的路上拦住“我”，从口袋里掏出一张写好难题的纸条给“我”。
12．A.interesting B．troublesome
C．common D．difficult
D 解析：由but可知puzzles越来越难，而不是越有趣。
13. A．love B．habit
C．chance D．understanding
A 解析：由语境可知，此处是说校长培养了“我”对解决难题的钟爱。
14．A.hardly B．seldom
C．still D．nearly
C 解析：现在“我”还保持着对解决难题的钟爱。
15．A.explanations B．shouts
C．descriptions D．signs
B 解析：现在“我”还能够记得每次在“我”成功地解决一道难题后校长兴奋的喊声。
16．A.solved B．raised
C．designed D．reviewed
A 解析：参见上题解析。
17．A.refused B．decided
C．agreed D．failed
D 解析：并不是每一道难题“我”都能成功地解决，当“我”失败时，他会狡黠地笑。
18．A.lucky B．regretful
C．satisfied D．successful
A 解析：校长培养了“我”的个人兴趣，对“我”一生都有着深刻的影响，“我”认为能遇见他“我”很幸运。
19．A.calling B．helping
C．visiting D．missing
C 解析：离开学校后，“我”也一直拜访他。
20. A．praise B．care
C．greetings D．guidance
D 解析：“我”拜访校长是因为“我”需要他面对面的指导。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
限制性定语从句
1．(教材P43)Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
2．(教材P43)But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.
3．(教材P43)Confucius(551 BC－479 BC) is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
4．(教材P43)Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.
5．(教材P43)Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.
6．(教材P43)Mozi was another teacher who was very influential.
7．(教材P43)As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teachings.
8．(教材P43)Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those who are weaker than ourselves.
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引出。
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，若去掉，被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间用逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。
关系代词的用法
关系代词
指代
在从句中充当的成分
人
物
句子
主语
宾语
表语
定语
who
√
√
√
whom
√
√
that
√
√
√
√
√
which
√
√
√
√
√
whose
√
√
√
as
√
√
√
√
√
√
1.that和which的用法
which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
◆A letter that is written in pencil is difficult to read.
用铅笔写的信很难读。(that作主语，指物)
◆(2016·四川卷)The dishes (that/which)I cooked were Mom’s favorite.
我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。(that/which作宾语，指物，亦可省略)
◆This is the book which/that has been translated into many languages.
这就是那本被译成多种语言的书。(which/that作主语)
◆She is no longer the girl (that) she was before she went to college.
她已不是上大学前的她了。(that作表语，指人)
只能用that而不用which的情况
先行词是all, little, few, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时
当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时
当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时
当先行词既有人又有物时
只用which而不用that的情况
关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that
◆Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.
桂林是我见过的最美丽的城市。
◆He is the very person that they are looking for.
他正是他们在找的人。
◆They talked about the things and persons that they could remember in the school.
他们谈论着他们能记起的学校的那些事和人。
◆This is the room in which he lives.
这是他居住的房间。
2．who和whom的用法
who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。
◆The man who was here yesterday is a painter.
昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。(who作主语)
◆The man who/whom I saw is called Smith.
我见到的那个人叫史密斯。(who/whom作宾语，亦可省略)
3．whose的用法
whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语。“whose＋名词”可以转化为“the＋名词＋of which/whom”和“of which/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。
◆(2016·北京卷)I live next door to a couple whose children(＝the children of whom)often make a lot of noise.
我隔壁住着一对夫妻，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。
◆Please pass me the book whose cover(＝the cover of which) is green.
请递给我那本绿色封面的书。
4．as的用法
as引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有such, the same等修饰时，as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。
◆She is such a nice girl as we all like.
她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。
◆I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed.
我买了一本和你借的一样的词典。(同一类的两本词典)
◆I met the same person that I saw yesterday.
我遇见了昨天我看到的那个人。(同一个人)
关系副词的用法
关系副词
指代
先行词
在从句中充当的成分
when(＝介词＋which)
时间
时间名词
时间状语
where(＝介词＋which)
地点
地点名词或抽象名词(situation, point, activity, case, stage等)
地点状语
why(＝for＋ which)
原因
reason
原因状语
◆I can not forget the day when(＝on which)I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
◆This is the house where(＝in which)they lived a week ago.
这是一个星期前他们住过的房子。
◆I’ve reached the stage where I just don’t care anything.
我已经到了一种什么都不在乎的阶段。
◆The reason why I don’t trust him is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
当先行词是时间名词、地点名词或the reason时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语，关系词应用which或that，缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只用whom(指人)或which(指物)，不可用that。
◆Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
◆This is the worker with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
这就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的那位工人。
在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，确定介词的原则是：一先、二动、三意义。一先，即根据先行词确定介词；二动，即根据从句谓语动词来确定介词；三意义，即根据从句的意义来确定介词。
单句语法填空
1．Those who want to go to museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
2．She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
3．(2019·江苏泰州一中高一期中)—When did you know Mr. Wang?
—It was last month when he was knocked down by a motorbike.
4．Do you still remember the farm where we worked three months ago?
5．Plato was one of the Greek Philosophers whose ideas have influenced Western society.
6．I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
7．The man with whom my father is shaking hands is a policeman.
8．This is the most interesting novel that I’ve ever read.
9．A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everywhere.
10．Great changes have taken place in the city in which they live since 2018.
单句改错
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.在which前加in或which→where
2．Tibet is such a place that all the people all over the world are dreaming of visiting. that→as__
3．The book that I borrowed it from the library is well written.去掉it
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time.they→which/that
5．We will all remember the day when we spent together.when→that
语法与写作
1. 我给你看看我刚从图书馆借的小说。
Let me show you the novel that/which I borrowed from the library．
2. 站在门口的那个人是谁？
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
3．这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。
This is the same pen as I bought yesterday．
4．我永远不会忘记我们在一起学习的日子。
I’ll never forget the day when we studied together．
5．这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
This is the best film that I have ever seen．
课件24张PPT。Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient Chinawherewhenwhosewhose whywhowherewhowhothat whenwherewhosewhywhomthatas which在which前加in或which→wherethat→as去掉itthey→which/thatwhen→thatthat/which I borrowed from the that is standing at the gate?as I bought yesterdaylibrarywhen we studied togetherthat I have ever seen本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放Section Ⅴ Writing
正反对比类议论文
文体感知
正反对比类议论文是从正反两方面辩证地说明某个观点。此类议论文应注意以下几点：
1．此类文章的结构一般为：引语——正方观点——反方观点——结论。
2．文章要做到要点完整、条理清晰。各段之间层次清楚，以使文章显得有条理。从段落内部的层次上讲，每一段一般又分为三部分：主题句、扩展句和总结句。
3．常用一般现在时。
增分佳句
1．开头用语
①We have a discussion about...
②Recently, we had a heated discussion on...
③According to a recent survey...
④When it comes to...
2．论证用语
①Opinions are divided on the question.
②Others have different opinions.
③Some students are for the idea, while others think otherwise.
④On the one hand...On the other hand...
⑤First/Second/Third/What’s more/Besides/In addition...
3．表达观点
①But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who...
②However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.
③However, some others argue that...
④At present, some people think...while others think...
⑤It has more disadvantages than advantages.
4．结束用语
①To sum up/In a word/In conclusion/In short/Above all/In general/Generally speaking...
②I still hold the view that...
③Therefore, it is easy to draw the conclusion that...
写作模板
We had a discussion about whether students should be allowed to...People have different opinions on ________(主题)．
Some people hold the view that ________(观点一). They think ________(原因一). In addition, ________(原因二). What’s more, ________(原因三)．
However/In contrast, others believe that ________(观点二), because ________(原因一). Besides, ________(原因二)．
In my opinion, ________(个人观点). Not only can we... but also...
写作要求
互联网已经成为现代人工作和生活中必不可少的通讯工具，在人们的生活中起着重要的作用，但也有一些负面影响。请就互联网的利与弊发表你的见解，并阐述你的理由。内容包括：
好处
提供大量的信息，促进人际交流；
网上购物便捷
弊端
损害眼睛；
长时间上网影响工作和休息；
网瘾影响学生的学习
你的观点
……
词数：100左右。
审题谋篇
体裁
议论文
时态
一般现在时
主题
互联网的利弊
人称
第三人称
结构
首段：总述互联网在社会上运用现象；
中段：互联网带给人们的好处；
尾段：互联网带给人们的坏处及个人观点
词汇推敲
1．起重要作用 play an important part in
2．优点 advantage
3．弊端 disadvantage
4．最新信息 the latest information
5．网上购物 shopping online
6．对……有害 do harm to
7．对……上瘾 be addicted to
8．充分利用 make full use of
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①互联网已经成为现代人工作和生活中必不可少的通讯工具。
Nowadays, the Internet has become an essential means of communication to modern people.
②互联网在人们的生活中起着重要的作用，给我们带来很多好处，但也有一些负面影响不容忽略。
The Internet plays an important part in our daily life and brings us many benefits, but its disadvantages should also not be ignored.
③互联网给我们提供大量最新的信息。
The Internet can provide a great deal of the latest information for us.
④我们可以给朋友发送电子邮件从而促进人际交流。
We can send e-mails to our friends, contributing to promoting social communication.
⑤互联网很容易让身体出问题，损害眼睛。
The Internet can easily lead to physical problems and do harm to our eyesight.
2．句式升级
⑥用非限制性定语从句合并句①和②
Nowadays, the Internet has become an essential means of communication to modern people, which plays an important part in our daily life and brings us many benefits, but its disadvantages should also not be ignored.
⑦用not only...but also...合并句③和④
Not only can the Internet provide a great deal of the latest information for us but also we can send e-mails to our friends, contributing to promoting social communication.
⑧用现在分词短语作结果状语升级句⑤
The Internet can easily lead to physical problems, doing harm to our eyesight.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Nowadays, the Internet has become an essential means of communication to modern people, which plays an important part in our daily life and brings us many benefits, but its disadvantages should also not be ignored.
The Internet brings us many advantages.Firstly, not only can the Internet provide a great deal of the latest information for us but also we can send e-mails to our friends, contributing to promoting social communication.Secondly, the Internet makes shopping online convenient.
However, the Internet has many disadvantages.It can easily lead to physical problems, doing harm to our eyesight.Surfing the Internet for a long time may affect our work and rest.In my view, the most important is that we should learn how to make full use of its advantages while avoiding its disadvantages.
随着互联网的发展和流行，网络购物在中国变得越来越普遍，“双十一”成了一个代名词。某英文报近期开辟专栏，讨论中学生网上购物的问题。请结合实际，按以下提示，用英文为该专栏写一篇稿件，谈谈你对中学生网购的看法。
1．网上购物的好处；
2．网上购物的缺点；
3．中学生对网购应该持什么样的态度。
注意：词数100左右。开头已经给出，不计入总词数。
With the development of the Internet，online shopping has become more and more popular in China.I’m writing to share my views about online shopping.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
With the development of the Internet，online shopping has become more and more popular in China.I’m writing to share my views about online shopping.
On the one hand，with the help of online shopping，we can buy things we want at home instead of going to the shopping mall.Besides，we might save money by comparing the price of goods sold in different online shops.On the other hand，it might lead to many problems.For one thing，your package can’t always reach you on time due to various unexpected reasons.For another，you can’t try on the clothes to see whether they fit you or not like you do when shopping in a real shop.
All in all，I hold the view that high school students should have a cautious attitude towards online shopping.
单句语法填空
1．The engineer with whom my father is talking has just come from abroad.
2．The reason why he was late for school was that he met a traffic jam.
3．Jack who/that is always ready to help others is a very kind-hearted man.
4．The place where you are standing was the site of an old church.
5．The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works that are known to us.
6．This is the best hotel in the city that I know.
7．(2019·吉林省实验中学高一月考)Is there anyone in your class whose home is far away from the school?
8．I will never forget the day on which I was admitted to a famous university.
9．Do you know the farm which/that I visited with my father last term?
10．Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in.
阅读理解
“You care for nothing but shooting dogs and catching rats.You will shame yourself and all your family，”Darwin’s father once said to him.
Most people know that Charles Darwin was the father of evolutionary biology.However, what is not widely known is what sort of person he was.
In his autobiography(自传), Darwin described himself as a rather“naughty”child.He stole fruit from the trees on the side of his parents’ house, made up wild stories, and tried to be the center of attention in the family.
Even worse, it seemed that Charles Darwin was a lazy young man and a slow learner at grammar school.He was a rather shy student but he did take great pleasure in showing off his athletic skills to the other schoolboys.It is not known how well Darwin did at school, but we could say that he was likely to be an unremarkable student.
When Darwin was nine years old, his father sent him to a boy’s boarding school.At this school, Darwin learned classics, ancient history and Greek, all of which he found boring.He was not inspired much by his schooling.He found his only pleasure there was reading Shakespeare’s historical plays, the poems of Byron, Scott, and Thomson.His increased interest in natural science was encouraged by events outside his formal education.
As Darwin grew older, collecting became his major hobby.It became very clear that Darwin was not taking his studies seriously.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了达尔文的童年以及他在学校的表现。
1．We can infer from Paragraph 1 that when Darwin was a child, his father thought ________．
A．he was not a common child
B．he would become a great man
C．he didn’t care about his family
D．he wouldn’t achieve anything
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中达尔文的父亲对达尔文说的话不难推断，父亲认为达尔文长大后会一事无成，会使达尔文自己和家庭都蒙羞。
2．By mentioning that Darwin made up wild stories, the writer probably wants to show that Darwin ________．
A．had a gift for language
B．liked to be the center of attention
C．was “naughty” when he was a child
D．was a very good storyteller
C 解析：推理判断题。第三段第一句中提到，达尔文在他的自传里说自己是个非常“调皮的”孩子。作者在下文举了几个例子，是为了证明达尔文所说的这个观点。
3．The underlined word“unremarkable”in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．able B．honest
C．ordinary D．ugly
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段前两句话可知， 达尔文小时候在学校并不是出类拔萃的学生， 只是一名很普通的学生， 故此处应选C项ordinary。
4．What do we learn from Paragraph 5?
A．Darwin thought classics, ancient history and Greek boring.
B．Darwin was inspired much by his schooling.
C．Darwin disliked reading Shakespeare’s historical plays.
D．Darwin’s interest in natural science was encouraged by events in his formal education.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，达尔文觉得古典文化、古代史和希腊语都很枯燥。
语法填空
This story is about a warm-hearted bus driver, who is a very kind person. I think it’s a story 1.____________is well worth sharing.One day, I 2.____________(ride) on a bus as usual. This bus driver was on duty that day. He’s very different 3.____________others. He would always have a smile on his face while driving. He would always say “hello”， and whenever a person was leaving the bus, he’d tell him 4.____________(have) a nice day.
That day it happened to be raining 5.____________(heavy) and I was sitting near the front row. The bus driver asked me if I had a long way to go, and offered to lend me 6.____________umbrella.I was moved after 7.____________(hear) what he said.I told him I didn’t need it for the short path I took. Soon before I left, another woman also entered and 8.____________(ask) the same question by the driver. I saw that she accepted his 9.____________(kind)．
So yeah, it’s very nice to know there are such warm-hearted people out there. I told this story to my friends, and they were really 10.____________(surprise) that there are such kind people out there.
【解题导语】 作者讲述了一位好心司机的故事。
1．that/which 解析：考查引导词。先行词为story，故用that或which引导定语从句。
2．rode 解析：考查动词的时态。根据前面的时间状语One day可知，此处表示过去的动作，故用ride的过去式rode。
3．from 解析：考查介词。be different from意为“与……不一样”。
4．to have 解析：考查非谓语动词。tell sb.to do sth. 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。
5．heavily 解析：考查副词。修饰谓语动词be raining要用heavy的副词形式。
6．an 解析：考查冠词。umbrella是第一次提到的单数可数名词，且发音是以元音音素开头的，故用an修饰。
7．hearing 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处after为介词，介词之后用动词的-ing形式。
8．was asked 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。another woman与ask之间是被动关系，且这是发生在过去的事，故要用一般过去时的被动语态。
9．kindness 解析：考查名词。根据语境可知句意为：我看到她接受了他的好意。
10．surprised 解析：考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，意为“感到吃惊的”。
短文改错
One Sunday last month I go shopping with my friends. Luckily in a crowded store, I had my wallet losing. I was such upset that I almost shouted.I was afraid to tell to my parents the truth. So I went back to school without some money. I didn’t know what to do next. I didn’t eat anything Monday. My roommate Mary found something wrong with me but she asked me about the problem. I told him the truth. Then Mary lent me some money, with that I lived through the terrible week.
答案：
One Sunday last month I shopping with my friends. in a crowded store, I had my wallet . I was upset that I almost shouted.I was afraid to tell my parents the truth. So I went back to school without money. I didn’t know what to do next. I didn’t eat anything Monday. My roommate Mary found something wrong with me she asked me about the problem. I told the truth. Then Mary lent me some money, with I lived through the terrible week.
书面表达
假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Mike来信说，他和几个同学正在学中国古诗，请你推荐一本有助于学习古诗的书籍。请根据以下要点用英语写一封邮件。
内容包括：1.书名及作者；
2．推荐理由：适宜外国读者；有助于了解中国历史、文化及古代生活；
3．表达祝愿。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Mike，
I’m glad to know you are learning classical Chinese poetry, and I’d like to recommend a book to you.The book, entitled Read Poetry & Learn History by Wang Chunyong, is suitable for the foreigners to learn classical Chinese poetry.As is known to all, China is a great country with a long history and a nation filled with classical poetry.The poems in the book can reflect the Chinese history and culture, many of which can give readers vivid pictures of the life of ancient Chinese.And they can also improve your appreciation of Chinese poetry.So it would be a good choice for you.
I believe you will understand the poems easily and efficiently.I hope you will enjoy the book and know more about China.
Yours，
Li Hua
课件25张PPT。Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient Chinaplay an important part inadvantagedisadvantagethe latest informationshopping onlinedo harm tobe addicted tomake full use ofmeans of communicationplays an important part ina great deal of the latest informationcontributing tolead todo harm to本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．The engineer with whom my father is talking has just come from abroad.
2．The reason why he was late for school was that he met a traffic jam.
3．Jack who/that is always ready to help others is a very kind-hearted man.
4．The place where you are standing was the site of an old church.
5．The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works that are known to us.
6．This is the best hotel in the city that I know.
7．(2019·吉林省实验中学高一月考)Is there anyone in your class whose home is far away from the school?
8．I will never forget the day on which I was admitted to a famous university.
9．Do you know the farm which/that I visited with my father last term?
10．Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in.
阅读理解
“You care for nothing but shooting dogs and catching rats.You will shame yourself and all your family，”Darwin’s father once said to him.
Most people know that Charles Darwin was the father of evolutionary biology.However, what is not widely known is what sort of person he was.
In his autobiography(自传), Darwin described himself as a rather“naughty”child.He stole fruit from the trees on the side of his parents’ house, made up wild stories, and tried to be the center of attention in the family.
Even worse, it seemed that Charles Darwin was a lazy young man and a slow learner at grammar school.He was a rather shy student but he did take great pleasure in showing off his athletic skills to the other schoolboys.It is not known how well Darwin did at school, but we could say that he was likely to be an unremarkable student.
When Darwin was nine years old, his father sent him to a boy’s boarding school.At this school, Darwin learned classics, ancient history and Greek, all of which he found boring.He was not inspired much by his schooling.He found his only pleasure there was reading Shakespeare’s historical plays, the poems of Byron, Scott, and Thomson.His increased interest in natural science was encouraged by events outside his formal education.
As Darwin grew older, collecting became his major hobby.It became very clear that Darwin was not taking his studies seriously.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了达尔文的童年以及他在学校的表现。
1．We can infer from Paragraph 1 that when Darwin was a child, his father thought ________．
A．he was not a common child
B．he would become a great man
C．he didn’t care about his family
D．he wouldn’t achieve anything
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中达尔文的父亲对达尔文说的话不难推断，父亲认为达尔文长大后会一事无成，会使达尔文自己和家庭都蒙羞。
2．By mentioning that Darwin made up wild stories, the writer probably wants to show that Darwin ________．
A．had a gift for language
B．liked to be the center of attention
C．was “naughty” when he was a child
D．was a very good storyteller
C 解析：推理判断题。第三段第一句中提到，达尔文在他的自传里说自己是个非常“调皮的”孩子。作者在下文举了几个例子，是为了证明达尔文所说的这个观点。
3．The underlined word“unremarkable”in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．able B．honest
C．ordinary D．ugly
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段前两句话可知， 达尔文小时候在学校并不是出类拔萃的学生， 只是一名很普通的学生， 故此处应选C项ordinary。
4．What do we learn from Paragraph 5?
A．Darwin thought classics, ancient history and Greek boring.
B．Darwin was inspired much by his schooling.
C．Darwin disliked reading Shakespeare’s historical plays.
D．Darwin’s interest in natural science was encouraged by events in his formal education.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，达尔文觉得古典文化、古代史和希腊语都很枯燥。
语法填空
This story is about a warm-hearted bus driver, who is a very kind person. I think it’s a story 1.____________is well worth sharing.One day, I 2.____________(ride) on a bus as usual. This bus driver was on duty that day. He’s very different 3.____________others. He would always have a smile on his face while driving. He would always say “hello”， and whenever a person was leaving the bus, he’d tell him 4.____________(have) a nice day.
That day it happened to be raining 5.____________(heavy) and I was sitting near the front row. The bus driver asked me if I had a long way to go, and offered to lend me 6.____________umbrella.I was moved after 7.____________(hear) what he said.I told him I didn’t need it for the short path I took. Soon before I left, another woman also entered and 8.____________(ask) the same question by the driver. I saw that she accepted his 9.____________(kind)．
So yeah, it’s very nice to know there are such warm-hearted people out there. I told this story to my friends, and they were really 10.____________(surprise) that there are such kind people out there.
【解题导语】 作者讲述了一位好心司机的故事。
1．that/which 解析：考查引导词。先行词为story，故用that或which引导定语从句。
2．rode 解析：考查动词的时态。根据前面的时间状语One day可知，此处表示过去的动作，故用ride的过去式rode。
3．from 解析：考查介词。be different from意为“与……不一样”。
4．to have 解析：考查非谓语动词。tell sb.to do sth. 意为“告诉某人去做某事”。
5．heavily 解析：考查副词。修饰谓语动词be raining要用heavy的副词形式。
6．an 解析：考查冠词。umbrella是第一次提到的单数可数名词，且发音是以元音音素开头的，故用an修饰。
7．hearing 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处after为介词，介词之后用动词的-ing形式。
8．was asked 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。another woman与ask之间是被动关系，且这是发生在过去的事，故要用一般过去时的被动语态。
9．kindness 解析：考查名词。根据语境可知句意为：我看到她接受了他的好意。
10．surprised 解析：考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，意为“感到吃惊的”。
短文改错
One Sunday last month I go shopping with my friends. Luckily in a crowded store, I had my wallet losing. I was such upset that I almost shouted.I was afraid to tell to my parents the truth. So I went back to school without some money. I didn’t know what to do next. I didn’t eat anything Monday. My roommate Mary found something wrong with me but she asked me about the problem. I told him the truth. Then Mary lent me some money, with that I lived through the terrible week.
答案：
One Sunday last month I shopping with my friends. in a crowded store, I had my wallet . I was upset that I almost shouted.I was afraid to tell my parents the truth. So I went back to school without money. I didn’t know what to do next. I didn’t eat anything Monday. My roommate Mary found something wrong with me she asked me about the problem. I told the truth. Then Mary lent me some money, with I lived through the terrible week.
书面表达
假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Mike来信说，他和几个同学正在学中国古诗，请你推荐一本有助于学习古诗的书籍。请根据以下要点用英语写一封邮件。
内容包括：1.书名及作者；
2．推荐理由：适宜外国读者；有助于了解中国历史、文化及古代生活；
3．表达祝愿。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Mike，
I’m glad to know you are learning classical Chinese poetry, and I’d like to recommend a book to you.The book, entitled Read Poetry & Learn History by Wang Chunyong, is suitable for the foreigners to learn classical Chinese poetry.As is known to all, China is a great country with a long history and a nation filled with classical poetry.The poems in the book can reflect the Chinese history and culture, many of which can give readers vivid pictures of the life of ancient Chinese.And they can also improve your appreciation of Chinese poetry.So it would be a good choice for you.
I believe you will understand the poems easily and efficiently.I hope you will enjoy the book and know more about China.
Yours，
Li Hua
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.①All men are born equal, so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the essential demand.(equal)
②—Why did you choose Jenny as the leader of the team？
—No one was equal to her in skills and experience.
2.①People under a lot of stress may experience headaches and sleeping difficulties.
②It was a stressful(stress) job, so he felt very unhappy and finally resigned.
③The teacher often puts stress on/stresses the importance of (强调……的重要性) honesty.
3.①The government ordered that environmental pollution (should) be reduced(reduce) as much as possible.
②Some young teachers find it hard to keep their classes in order.
③I can’t make a call, as my phone is out of order(发生故障).
4.①He made a very positive contribution(contribute) to building(build) the project successfully.
②I am sure your suggestion will contribute to solving (solve) the problem.
5.①I had a heated argument(argue) with the taxi driver about/over who was responsible for the accident.
②Now that we have heard all the arguments (argue) for and against the suggestion, let’s vote on it.
6.①a.Exercise keeps you in good condition.
b.He is overweight and out of condition now.
②They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
③The school will make an attempt to improve the working conditions(condition) for the teachers, making the school a sweet place to work in.
7.He is a very influential person.He has an important influence on people’s ideas.(influential)
8.The honest boy impressed all the employers with his honesty．(honesty)
阅读词汇排查练
1.philosophy n． 哲学
2．teaching n. (常作复数)
教导；学说
3．thinker n. 思想家
4.principle n． 原则；准则
5．resign vi. 辞职
6．adviser n. 顾问
7.bark n． 树皮
8．leather n. 皮革
9．category n. 范畴；种类
10．fuel n. 燃料
重点短语
会书写
1.be at war with 与……交战
2．bring up 养育；抚养
3．become interested in 对……感兴趣
4．be proud of 为……自豪
5．in conclusion 总之
6．for the first time 第一次
会应用
1.Li Hua became interested in English when he began to learn it for the first time．
2．Li Hua is proud of his hometown, a beautiful village where he was born and brought up．
3．Running a company calls for intelligence, patience and a lot of experience.In conclusion, it’s not an easy thing.
重点句型
1.the way＋(in which/that)定语从句
真正使我们害怕的并不是事件本身，而是我们思考事件的方式。
What really frightens us is not the events themselves, but the way in which we think about them．
2．the reason why...is that...……的原因是……
他们不买这辆车的原因是他们负担不起。
The reason why they don’t buy this car is that they can’t afford it.
3.“do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调
他的确喜欢听古典音乐。
He does enjoy listening to classical music.
4．no＋比较级＋than并不比……多少
我们都应该多锻炼身体，因为你也不比我健壮多少。
Both of us should take more exercise, for you are no stronger than I.
单元语法
1．The book tells us some skills such as how to put everything that we have learned from life into beautiful pictures.
2．Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life when they aren’t satisfied with their parents.
3．I have never performed such a task as you’ve asked me to do.
4．I don’t like him because of the way that/which he uses to treat poor people.
5．He decided to sell the house where he had lived for twenty years.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．汤姆在一家大公司担任高级职务，他能胜任他的工作。(position; be equal to)
2．在工作期间，他总是强调诚实和公正的重要性，这使他成为公司有影响力的人物。(stress; importance; honesty; justice; influential)
3．他的同事都认为他对公司的发展做出了极大的贡献。(contribution)
4．因此当听到几天前他因为身体不适而辞职的消息时，他们都感到震惊。(resign; out of condition)
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One possible version：
Tom held a senior position in a large company and he was equal to his job.During his work he always stressed the importance of honesty and justice, making him become an influential figure in his company.All his workmates thought he had made great contributions to the development of the company.So they were shocked to hear that he resigned several days ago because he was out of condition.
课件16张PPT。Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient Chinaequalequally equalitytoinModule 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient Chinaunderstressfulputs stress on/stresses the importance ofModule 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China(should) be reducedinout of ordercontributionbuildingsolvingargumentabout/over arguments againstinouton conditionsinfluential influencehonest honesty哲学 (常作复数)教导；学说思想家原则；准则辞职顾问树皮皮革范畴；种类燃料be at war withbring upbecome interested inbe proud ofin conclusionfor the first timebecame interested infor the first timeis proud ofbrought upIn conclusionthe way in which we think about themThe reason why they don’t buy this car is thatdoes enjoy listening toyou are no stronger than Ithatwhenasthat/whichwhere 本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
