新出生人口大多数在发展中国家，而发达国家的人口增长非常缓慢。在发展中国家，有超过十亿的人生活在贫困线以下。阅读下文，了解一下具体的情况吧！
Most new people were born in developing countries. These countries are found in much of Africa, South America and some parts of Asia. In the developed countries of Europe and North America, the population is growing very slowly. This is because women in these countries have, on average(平均), only one or two children. In the developing countries, many women have five or more children. In 1950, around one quarter of the world’s population lived in the developed countries. By 2050, these countries will be home to only around one tenth of the world’s people.
In the developing countries, more than one billion people are still living below the poverty(贫困) line. These people do not have enough food to eat and they live in poor housing. Children get little time at school and people suffer from many kinds of diseases.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the world’s population was around six billion .The UN has said that the world’s population will level off at 12.5 billion by the year 2100. Other groups think the world’s population will continue to grow, reaching 14 billion before it becomes stable(稳定的), or even falls.
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.income n． 收入
2.human n. (与动物等对比的)人
3.measure vt. 测定； 测量； 评估
4.goal n． 目标
5.position n. 位置
6.figure n. 数字
拓展词汇
7.hunger n．饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的
8.poverty n．贫穷→poor adj.贫穷的
9.development n．发展→develop v．发展→developing adj.发展中的→developed adj.发达的
10.educate vt.教育；培养；训练→education n．教育
阅读词汇
11.index n． 指数
12.expectancy n． (根据概率得出的)预期数额
重点短语
1.up__to 直到
2.at__the__top__of 在……顶端
3.at__the__bottom__of 在……底部
4.make__efforts 努力
5.make__progress 取得进步
重点句型
1.完全倒装：__From__this__agreement__came(出自这个协议) the Human Development Report.
2.while作并列连词：Norway is at the top of the list, while____the__US__is__at__number__7(而美国却排在第七).
3.with＋宾语＋宾补：The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at__the__bottom__of__the__list(排在最后一位).
4.it is right that...(should) do...“做……是应该/正确的”：These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it__is__right__that__they__should__do__so (他们这样做是合情合理的).
Read the text and match the main idea of each paragraph.
1．Para.1 A．How the Human Development Report came out.
2．Para.2 B．Developed countries should give more financial help.
3．Para.3 C．The Human Development Index measures a country’s achievement.
4．Para.4 D．The five most important goals of the report.
5．Para.5 E．Examples of successful development in 2003.
答案：1－5.ACDEB
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．From the text, the countries that give the most money to the developing countries are the following EXCEPT________ .
A．Norway B．Sweden
C．the U．S. D．the Netherlands
2．Which of the following is NOT the goal made by the report according to the passage?
A．Improving people’s living conditions in the developing countries.
B．Improving people’s medical conditions in the developing countries.
C．Giving the children in poor countries more chances to be educated.
D．Urging all the developing countries to fight against poverty and illness.
3．In developing countries________of children don’t go to primary school.
A．less than 20% B．more than 80%
C．over half D．about half
4．From the last paragraph, we can learn that________．
A．developed countries should give much more help to developing countries
B．developed countries have given enough help to developing countries
C．developing countries should depend on developed countries much more
D．developing countries and developed countries have a lot in common
答案：1－4.CDAA
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.
[翻译] 报告显示我们正在取得一些进步，但是我们需要作出更大的努力。
2．These are among the five richest countries in the world, so it is right that they should do so.
[翻译] 它们都属于世界上五个最富有的国家，所以它们这样做是合情合理的。
①human['hju?m?n]n.(与动物等对比的)人
②development[dI'vel?pm?nt]n.发展
③agree to do sth.同意做某事
④poverty['p?v?ti]n.贫穷
⑤section n．[C]部分
⑥index['Indeks]n.指数
⑦measure['me??]vt.测定；测量；评估
⑧in...way在……方面
⑨expectancy[Ik'spekt?nsi]n.(根据概率得出的)预期数额
⑩education n．教育
?income['Ink?m]n.收入
?surprise n．意外，惊奇。此处属于抽象名词具体化用法。
?at the top of在……顶端
?Iceland['aIsl?nd]冰岛
?Netherlands['nee?l?ndz]荷兰
?position[p?'zI?n]n.位置
?Sierra Leone[si?e?r? li'??n]塞拉利昂
?at the bottom of在……底部
?goal[ɡ??l]n.目标
?“be to do”结构表示安排、命令、意向或目的。
make sure确保，后接that引导的宾语从句。
up to达到
developed adj.发达的
developing adj.发展中的
encourage...to do...鼓励……做……
give examples of...给出……例子
by prep.表程度(差额)
move out of脱离；摆脱，搬出
however adv.可是；然而
however后常用逗号。
challenge n．[C]挑战
educate['edj??keIt]vt.教育；培养；训练。本句运用了现在进行时的被动语态。
make progress取得进步
progress是不可数名词。
make efforts努力
make efforts to do sth.努力做某事
developed country发达国家
developing country发展中国家
financial adj.财政的；金融的
finance n．财政；金融
interestingly adv.有趣的是
The Human① Development② Report
In the year 2000, 147 world leaders agreed to③work together to reduce poverty④by 2015 or earlier.From this agreement came the Human Development Report.
◆动词不定式短语to reduce poverty作目的状语。
◆From this agreement came the Human Development Report.是完全倒装句式。
One of the most important sections⑤ of this report is the Human Development Index⑥.This examines the achievements of 175 countries.The Index measures⑦ a country’s achievements in three ways⑧：life expectancy⑨(how long people usually live), education⑩ and income?.The index has some surprises?.Norway is at the top of? the list, while the US is at number 7. The other top five countries are：Iceland? (2), Sweden (3), Australia (4)，the Netherlands? (5). The UK is in the thirteenth position?，while China is in the middle of the list. The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone?(in West Africa) at the bottom of? the list．
◆while意为“而”，表对比。while是并列连词，连接前后两个分句。
◆with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list是“with＋名词＋介词短语”类型的with复合结构，在句中作状语。
The report describes eight Development Goals?. The most important goals are to?：
·reduce poverty and hunger；
·make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11；
·fight AIDS and other diseases；
·improve the environment of poor people, e．g. make sure they have safe drinking water；
·encourage developed countries to give more help to other countries.
The 2003 Human Development Report gives examples of successful development. For example, in nine years (1953－1962)，China increased life expectancy by 13 years. In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However, the challenges are still great. Every day 799 million people in developing countries are hungry. Over half of these are in South Asia or Africa.Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. However, in other regions of the world，e.g. Eastern Europe，water is now mostly safe to drink.
◆Although more than 80% of children...是although引导的让步状语从句。
The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts. Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more. Interestingly, the countries that give the most money are the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. These are among the five richest countries in the world，so it is right that they should do so.
◆The report shows that...but that...中，but连接两个并列的宾语从句，表转折，注意第二个that不能省略。
◆that give the most money是定语从句，修饰先行词the countries。that在从句中作主语，不可省略。
人类发展报告
在2000年，来自世界各国的147位领导人同意一起协作，力争到2015年或更早的时候减少贫困，并签署通过了《人类发展报告》。
这份报告中最重要的部分之一就是人类发展指数。它审查175个国家的成就。这个指数从3个方面衡量一个国家的成就：寿命(人们通常活多长时间)、教育和收入。这个指数显示了一些令人感到意外的情况。挪威高居榜首，而美国名列第7位。位于前五位的其他国家是：冰岛(2)、瑞典(3)、澳大利亚(4)和荷兰(5)。英国位居第十三，而中国处于中等位置。排在最后的10个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在最后。
报告描述了8个发展目标。最重要的目标是：
·减少贫穷和饥饿；
·确保达到11岁的孩子都能接受教育；
·对抗艾滋病和其他疾病；
·改善穷苦人民的(生活)环境，例如：确保他们有安全的饮用水；
·鼓励发达国家给予其他国家更多的帮助。
《2003年人类发展报告》列举了一些成功发展的例子。例如：在9年(1953年－1962年)的时间里，中国的寿命就增加了13岁。过去的10年里，中国有1.5亿人口脱贫。然而，挑战仍然很严峻。在发展中国家，每天有7.99亿人在挨饿，其中一半以上的人来自南亚或非洲。虽然发展中国家80%以上的儿童能上小学，但仍约有1.15亿的儿童得不到教育。发展中国家里10多亿的人喝不上安全的水。然而，在世界的其他地方，例如东欧，现在的饮用水大多是安全的。
报告显示我们正在取得一些进步，但是我们需要作出更大的努力。虽然发达国家提供了一些经济援助，但是援助的数量需要大大增加。有趣的是，捐钱最多的国家是荷兰、挪威和瑞典。它们都属于世界上五个最富有的国家，所以它们这样做是合情合理的。
阅读理解
A
The United Nations Human Development Program has announced its yearly study on the quality of life for people around the world. The UN report was started in nineteen ninety to measure the progress of nations based on the lives of their citizens.
This year’s report lists one hundred and seventy-three countries. It is based on the length of time citizens are expected to live, their education level and the amount of money they earn. Norway was listed as the country providing the best quality of life for the second year.It was followed by Sweden, Canada, Belgium, Australia and the United States. The twenty-four countries at the bottom of the list are all in Africa.
The report says many countries in East Asia have made progress since nineteen ninety. They include China, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and Malaysia.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, as many as nine countries have improved since nineteen ninety. They include Chile, Costa Rica and Panama. At the same time, many countries in Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union lost progress in the quality of life for their citizens. This was because of problems with economic reforms.They include Russia, Ukraine, Moldova and Tajikistan.
This year’s human development report centred on the issue of democracy(民主). Researchers found that a majority of people live in countries claiming to be democratic. However, civil rights and political freedoms were limited in one hundred and six nations. Also, the number of voters taking part in elections is decreasing.In addition, cheating, wrongdoing and unfair politics have weakened the democratic process. In some countries, elected governments have not carried out democratic reforms. This has led to public opposition to the government and a return to military rule.
UN officials say that democratic changes are slow in some countries. However, the report shows that international development goals set at the start of the twenty-first century can be met.For this to happen, they say developing countries need to move quicker toward economic, social and political reforms. And they say rich countries must become more open to trade while increasing aid and other resources.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了《年度人类发展报告》的内容， 目的主要是让人们了解《年度人类发展报告》。
1．The Human Development Report is done ________．
A．every year
B.every four years
C．every two years
D．every ten years
A 解析：细节理解题。由文章第一句中的“its yearly study”可知选A。
2.Which of the following countries lost progress according to this year’s report?
A．Australia. B．Russia.
C．Singapore. D．Chile.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“At the same time, many countries in Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union lost progress in the quality of life for their citizens.This was because of problems with economic reforms.They include Russia, Ukraine, Moldova and Tajikistan.”可知选B。
3.Which is the most important issue in every country in this year’s report?
A．Life expectancy. B．Income.
C．Diseases. D．Democracy.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的第一句话“This year’s human development report centred on the issue of democracy(民主)．”可知选D。
B
The World Happiness Report, a United Nations agency report, measures how happy people are, and why. Norway is the happiest place on Earth—beating neighbour Denmark from the number one position.
Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland and Finland round out the top five, while the Central African Republic came last.Western Europe and North America took up most of the places at the top of table, with the US and UK at 14th and 19th.
The World Happiness Report mainly depends on asking a simple question of more than 1，000 people every year in more than 150 countries. “Imagine a ladder(梯子), with steps numbered from 0 at the bottom to 10 at the top，” the question asks. “The top of the ladder is the best possible life for you and the bottom of the ladder is the worst possible life for you. On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time？”
The average result is the country’s score—from Norway’s 7.54 to the Central African Republic’s 2.69. But the report also tries to explain why one country is happier than another.It looks at reasons including economic strength(经济实力), social support, freedom of choice, and generosity.
This year’s report also has a text titled “restoring (恢复) American happiness”， which examines why happiness levels in the United States are falling, despite continually increasing economic improvement.“The United States can and should raise happiness by addressing America’s social problems—rising inequality and distrust—rather than focusing mainly on economic growth，” the authors said.
Jeffrey Sachs, the director of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, which published the report, said President Donald Trump’s policies were likely to make things worse.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。《世界幸福指数报告》公布了挪威已经取代丹麦成为世界上最幸福的国家。
4.Which of the following shows the correct order of happiness levels?
A．Finland, the UK, the US, Iceland.
B．Finland, the US, the UK, Iceland.
C．Iceland, Finland, the US, the UK.
D．Iceland, Finland, the UK, the US.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland and Finland round out the top five...with the US and UK at 14th and 19th.”可知应选C项。
5.How does The World Happiness Report measure happiness?
A．By asking a question.
B．By having a conversation.
C．By doing scientific research.
D．By carrying out an online survey.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The World Happiness Report mainly depends on asking a simple question of more than 1，000 people every year in more than 150 countries.”可知，通过询问一个简单的问题，全球幸福指数报告得出了最终的结论。
6.What problem is the US faced with?
A．Its people live an unhappy life.
B．Its economy is going downhill.
C．Its social problems are hard to solve.
D．It has a lower happiness level than before.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“why happiness levels in the United States are falling”可知，美国人的幸福指数下降了。
7.What’s Jeffrey Sachs’ attitude toward Donald Trump?
A．Supportive. B．Unfavorable.
C．Respectful. D．Uncaring.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“President Donald Trump’s policies were likely to make things worse”可知，杰弗里·萨克斯对唐纳德·特朗普表示不满。
完形填空
My three children and I were on our way to get their hair cut for the holidays. My middle child was in __1__ due to some kind of misunderstanding. I didn’t pay special attention to her.I really had __2__ patience to deal with her “middle child syndrome”．
On reaching the barbershop, we stopped our car, __3__ and then headed into the barbershop.She __4__ followed us, trying to pull herself together. The rest of us entered the barbershop as she was only seconds __5__．
An elderly gentleman had just __6__ with his haircut. He __7__ up to her, with his wife holding him up on his right side. He looked her in the __8__ and said, “You look sad, sweetie.You are too __9__ to be sad！” My sweet baby gave him a smile.Setting against her pink hat, her shining eyes __10__ looked more beautiful. She __11__ a quick deep breath because of surprise.
He winked(眨眼) at __12__ and grabbed his jacket from across the room.He had to cross her path again, as she was seated by the __13__. He stopped, took a look at her for a second __14__， and pulled out his __15__. He handed her a dollar bill.
I don’t remember what was __16__， for it was not any of my business.That man __17__ her a good rest of her night as he and his wife left, leaving a huge __18__ on our hearts forever. My sweet baby __19__ about her dollar’s whereabouts(所在之处) all night.I know that she felt its magic, and I know that I __20__， too.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一位原本在发脾气的小女孩在理发店经一位老人的一眨眼、一笑和一美元之后开心起来。
1．A.relief B．tears
C．ruins D．danger
B 解析：由下文多次出现的sad可知，小女孩因为某种误会在“哭泣(tear)”。
2.A.some B．much
C．little D．endless
C 解析：由上句“I didn’t pay special attention to her.”可知，对待小女孩的所谓的“中间儿童综合症”，作者没有多“少(little)”耐心。
3.A.stood up B．moved on
C．turned out D．got out
D 解析：由“stopped our car”可知，他们待车停下来以后“下车(get out)”。stand up“站起来；经得起”；move on“交换工作/班级”；turn out“启动；打开”；get out“离开；逃跑”。
4.A.unwillingly B．happily
C．carefully D．easily
A 解析：由下文“trying to pull herself together”可知，小女孩“不情愿地(unwillingly)”跟在家人身后。
5.A.earlier B．behind
C．late D．before
B 解析：由“followed us”可知，小女孩走在最后，比其他人“落后(behind)”几秒钟。
6.A.done B．played
C．finished D．began
C 解析：由下文其随后要出门可知，老人刚刚“理完(finish)”发。
7.A.walked B．looked
C．jumped D．ran
A 解析：由下文“with his wife holding him up on his right side”可知，老人是“走着(walk)”来到小女孩身旁的。
8.A.mouth B．eye
C．nose D．face
B 解析：老人看着小女孩的“眼睛(eye)”讲话。
9.A.tired B．clever
C．beautiful D．brave
C 解析：由本空前后的“You look sad, sweetie.”及“beautiful”可知，老人说：这么“漂亮的(beautiful)”小女孩是不应该伤心的。
10.A.never B．always
C．sometimes D．often
A 解析：由“My sweet baby gave him a smile.Setting against her pink hat, her shining eyes”可知，她明亮的眼睛“从来没有(never)”像今天这样美过。
11.A.made B．needed
C．avoided D．took
D 解析：此处take a deep breath是固定搭配，意为“深吸一口气”。
12.A.him B．her
C．us D．them
B 解析：由上下文语境可判断老人应该是向小女孩眨眼。
13.A.door B．window
C．desk D．mirror
A 解析：由“He had to cross her path again”可知，老人理完发要出门，不得不经过小女孩旁边，所以她应该被安排坐在“门(door)”边。
14.A.minute B．day
C．chance D．time
D 解析：由上文“He looked her in the ______ and said”可知，老人是第二“次(time)”看小女孩。
15.A.bag B．wallet
C．pocket D．hand
B 解析：由“He handed her a dollar bill.”可知，老人拿出来的是他的“钱包(wallet)”。
16.A.done B．expected
C．said D．reported
C 解析：由“for it was not any of my business”可知，此处指作者忘记了老人对其孩子“说(say)”了些什么。
17.A.wished B．brought
C．gave D．cost
A 解析：分手之际老人“祝愿(wish)”小女孩在今天随后的时间过得快乐。
18.A.task B．stress
C．challenge D．impression
D 解析：老人的善举给作者一家留下了深刻的“印象(impression)”。
19.A.cared B．asked
C．worried D．heard
B 解析：由“her dollar’s whereabouts(所在之处)”可知，小女孩一晚上在“询问(ask)”这一美元放在哪儿了。
20.A.would B．had
C．did D．was
C 解析：此空应指“felt its magic”，即作者知道自己也感受到了这一美元的魔力，故用did。
课件40张PPT。Module 2 Developing and Developed CountriesModule 2 Developing and Developed CountriesModule 2 Developing and Developed CountriesModule 2 Developing and Developed CountriesModule 2 Developing and Developed Countriesincomehumanmeasuregoalpositionfigurehungerpovertydevelopmenteducate指数(根据概率得出的)预期数额up toat the top ofat the bottom ofmake effortsmake progressFrom this agreement camewhile the US is at number 7at the bottom of the listit is right that they should do so本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
阅读理解
A
The United Nations Human Development Program has announced its yearly study on the quality of life for people around the world. The UN report was started in nineteen ninety to measure the progress of nations based on the lives of their citizens.
This year’s report lists one hundred and seventy-three countries. It is based on the length of time citizens are expected to live, their education level and the amount of money they earn. Norway was listed as the country providing the best quality of life for the second year.It was followed by Sweden, Canada, Belgium, Australia and the United States. The twenty-four countries at the bottom of the list are all in Africa.
The report says many countries in East Asia have made progress since nineteen ninety. They include China, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand and Malaysia.
In Latin America and the Caribbean, as many as nine countries have improved since nineteen ninety. They include Chile, Costa Rica and Panama. At the same time, many countries in Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union lost progress in the quality of life for their citizens. This was because of problems with economic reforms.They include Russia, Ukraine, Moldova and Tajikistan.
This year’s human development report centred on the issue of democracy(民主). Researchers found that a majority of people live in countries claiming to be democratic. However, civil rights and political freedoms were limited in one hundred and six nations. Also, the number of voters taking part in elections is decreasing.In addition, cheating, wrongdoing and unfair politics have weakened the democratic process. In some countries, elected governments have not carried out democratic reforms. This has led to public opposition to the government and a return to military rule.
UN officials say that democratic changes are slow in some countries. However, the report shows that international development goals set at the start of the twenty-first century can be met.For this to happen, they say developing countries need to move quicker toward economic, social and political reforms. And they say rich countries must become more open to trade while increasing aid and other resources.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了《年度人类发展报告》的内容， 目的主要是让人们了解《年度人类发展报告》。
1．The Human Development Report is done ________．
A．every year
B.every four years
C．every two years
D．every ten years
A 解析：细节理解题。由文章第一句中的“its yearly study”可知选A。
2.Which of the following countries lost progress according to this year’s report?
A．Australia. B．Russia.
C．Singapore. D．Chile.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“At the same time, many countries in Eastern and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union lost progress in the quality of life for their citizens.This was because of problems with economic reforms.They include Russia, Ukraine, Moldova and Tajikistan.”可知选B。
3.Which is the most important issue in every country in this year’s report?
A．Life expectancy. B．Income.
C．Diseases. D．Democracy.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的第一句话“This year’s human development report centred on the issue of democracy(民主)．”可知选D。
B
The World Happiness Report, a United Nations agency report, measures how happy people are, and why. Norway is the happiest place on Earth—beating neighbour Denmark from the number one position.
Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland and Finland round out the top five, while the Central African Republic came last.Western Europe and North America took up most of the places at the top of table, with the US and UK at 14th and 19th.
The World Happiness Report mainly depends on asking a simple question of more than 1，000 people every year in more than 150 countries. “Imagine a ladder(梯子), with steps numbered from 0 at the bottom to 10 at the top，” the question asks. “The top of the ladder is the best possible life for you and the bottom of the ladder is the worst possible life for you. On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time？”
The average result is the country’s score—from Norway’s 7.54 to the Central African Republic’s 2.69. But the report also tries to explain why one country is happier than another.It looks at reasons including economic strength(经济实力), social support, freedom of choice, and generosity.
This year’s report also has a text titled “restoring (恢复) American happiness”， which examines why happiness levels in the United States are falling, despite continually increasing economic improvement.“The United States can and should raise happiness by addressing America’s social problems—rising inequality and distrust—rather than focusing mainly on economic growth，” the authors said.
Jeffrey Sachs, the director of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, which published the report, said President Donald Trump’s policies were likely to make things worse.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。《世界幸福指数报告》公布了挪威已经取代丹麦成为世界上最幸福的国家。
4.Which of the following shows the correct order of happiness levels?
A．Finland, the UK, the US, Iceland.
B．Finland, the US, the UK, Iceland.
C．Iceland, Finland, the US, the UK.
D．Iceland, Finland, the UK, the US.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Denmark, Iceland, Switzerland and Finland round out the top five...with the US and UK at 14th and 19th.”可知应选C项。
5.How does The World Happiness Report measure happiness?
A．By asking a question.
B．By having a conversation.
C．By doing scientific research.
D．By carrying out an online survey.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The World Happiness Report mainly depends on asking a simple question of more than 1，000 people every year in more than 150 countries.”可知，通过询问一个简单的问题，全球幸福指数报告得出了最终的结论。
6.What problem is the US faced with?
A．Its people live an unhappy life.
B．Its economy is going downhill.
C．Its social problems are hard to solve.
D．It has a lower happiness level than before.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“why happiness levels in the United States are falling”可知，美国人的幸福指数下降了。
7.What’s Jeffrey Sachs’ attitude toward Donald Trump?
A．Supportive. B．Unfavorable.
C．Respectful. D．Uncaring.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“President Donald Trump’s policies were likely to make things worse”可知，杰弗里·萨克斯对唐纳德·特朗普表示不满。
完形填空
My three children and I were on our way to get their hair cut for the holidays. My middle child was in __1__ due to some kind of misunderstanding. I didn’t pay special attention to her.I really had __2__ patience to deal with her “middle child syndrome”．
On reaching the barbershop, we stopped our car, __3__ and then headed into the barbershop.She __4__ followed us, trying to pull herself together. The rest of us entered the barbershop as she was only seconds __5__．
An elderly gentleman had just __6__ with his haircut. He __7__ up to her, with his wife holding him up on his right side. He looked her in the __8__ and said, “You look sad, sweetie.You are too __9__ to be sad！” My sweet baby gave him a smile.Setting against her pink hat, her shining eyes __10__ looked more beautiful. She __11__ a quick deep breath because of surprise.
He winked(眨眼) at __12__ and grabbed his jacket from across the room.He had to cross her path again, as she was seated by the __13__. He stopped, took a look at her for a second __14__， and pulled out his __15__. He handed her a dollar bill.
I don’t remember what was __16__， for it was not any of my business.That man __17__ her a good rest of her night as he and his wife left, leaving a huge __18__ on our hearts forever. My sweet baby __19__ about her dollar’s whereabouts(所在之处) all night.I know that she felt its magic, and I know that I __20__， too.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一位原本在发脾气的小女孩在理发店经一位老人的一眨眼、一笑和一美元之后开心起来。
1．A.relief B．tears
C．ruins D．danger
B 解析：由下文多次出现的sad可知，小女孩因为某种误会在“哭泣(tear)”。
2.A.some B．much
C．little D．endless
C 解析：由上句“I didn’t pay special attention to her.”可知，对待小女孩的所谓的“中间儿童综合症”，作者没有多“少(little)”耐心。
3.A.stood up B．moved on
C．turned out D．got out
D 解析：由“stopped our car”可知，他们待车停下来以后“下车(get out)”。stand up“站起来；经得起”；move on“交换工作/班级”；turn out“启动；打开”；get out“离开；逃跑”。
4.A.unwillingly B．happily
C．carefully D．easily
A 解析：由下文“trying to pull herself together”可知，小女孩“不情愿地(unwillingly)”跟在家人身后。
5.A.earlier B．behind
C．late D．before
B 解析：由“followed us”可知，小女孩走在最后，比其他人“落后(behind)”几秒钟。
6.A.done B．played
C．finished D．began
C 解析：由下文其随后要出门可知，老人刚刚“理完(finish)”发。
7.A.walked B．looked
C．jumped D．ran
A 解析：由下文“with his wife holding him up on his right side”可知，老人是“走着(walk)”来到小女孩身旁的。
8.A.mouth B．eye
C．nose D．face
B 解析：老人看着小女孩的“眼睛(eye)”讲话。
9.A.tired B．clever
C．beautiful D．brave
C 解析：由本空前后的“You look sad, sweetie.”及“beautiful”可知，老人说：这么“漂亮的(beautiful)”小女孩是不应该伤心的。
10.A.never B．always
C．sometimes D．often
A 解析：由“My sweet baby gave him a smile.Setting against her pink hat, her shining eyes”可知，她明亮的眼睛“从来没有(never)”像今天这样美过。
11.A.made B．needed
C．avoided D．took
D 解析：此处take a deep breath是固定搭配，意为“深吸一口气”。
12.A.him B．her
C．us D．them
B 解析：由上下文语境可判断老人应该是向小女孩眨眼。
13.A.door B．window
C．desk D．mirror
A 解析：由“He had to cross her path again”可知，老人理完发要出门，不得不经过小女孩旁边，所以她应该被安排坐在“门(door)”边。
14.A.minute B．day
C．chance D．time
D 解析：由上文“He looked her in the ______ and said”可知，老人是第二“次(time)”看小女孩。
15.A.bag B．wallet
C．pocket D．hand
B 解析：由“He handed her a dollar bill.”可知，老人拿出来的是他的“钱包(wallet)”。
16.A.done B．expected
C．said D．reported
C 解析：由“for it was not any of my business”可知，此处指作者忘记了老人对其孩子“说(say)”了些什么。
17.A.wished B．brought
C．gave D．cost
A 解析：分手之际老人“祝愿(wish)”小女孩在今天随后的时间过得快乐。
18.A.task B．stress
C．challenge D．impression
D 解析：老人的善举给作者一家留下了深刻的“印象(impression)”。
19.A.cared B．asked
C．worried D．heard
B 解析：由“her dollar’s whereabouts(所在之处)”可知，小女孩一晚上在“询问(ask)”这一美元放在哪儿了。
20.A.would B．had
C．did D．was
C 解析：此空应指“felt its magic”，即作者知道自己也感受到了这一美元的魔力，故用did。
Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Language Points
measure vt.测定；测量；评估
n．尺寸；(pl.)措施
(教材P12)What does the Human Development Index measure？ 人类发展指数是测量什么的？
(1)measure...by... 用……来衡量……
(2)take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)
make...to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸订做……
①Can you tell me how to measure the length of the rope?
你能告诉我如何测量这条绳子的长度吗？
②It is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.
在现阶段还难以估量这场运动的成败。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Education shouldn’t be__measured(measure) only by examination results.
②Do you know the history of that bridge measuring(measure) as long as 200 meters?
③(2019·北京四中高一期末)Faced with this phenomenon, we must take some measures to__deal(deal) with it; otherwise, it will result in great losses in the future.
④To welcome the school anniversary, our school has made new suits to our measure.
(1)measure表示“措施” 之意时， 常用其复数形式measures。
(2)measure表示“量； 有……长(宽、 高等)” 时， 是不及物动词，后跟量的结果，不用被动语态及进行时态； 如果此意义的短语作后置定语，要用现在分词。
position n．位置；职位，地位；姿势；状况，处境
(教材P12)The UK is in the thirteenth position, while China is in the middle of the list.
英国位居第十三，而中国处于中等位置。
(1)in a...position 处于……的地位/处境
in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置
(2)hold the position of 担任……的职务
[一词多义]——写出下列句中position的含义
①Can you find our position on this map？位置
②Last year she held the position of sales manager in a large company.职务
③Make sure that you are working in a comfortable position.姿势
④He’s going to be in a very terrible position indeed if things go badly for him.状况，处境
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
⑤What made you in a difficult position?
⑥The books are all out of position. Put them back in position quickly.
⑦He was in a position where he must find someone to help him.
当position, situation, stage, job 等词在句中表示抽象的地点， 且在其后的定语从句中作地点状语时，用where引导该定语从句。
up to 直到；多达；由……决定；忙于，从事；胜任
(教材P12)make sure that all children have education up to the age of 11 确保达到11岁的孩子都能接受教育
(1)be up to (doing sth.) 打算/正在(做某事)；
胜任(做某事)
(2)It’s up to you. (交际用语)由你决定。
It’s up to sb.to do sth. 由某人决定做某事。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中up to的含义
①(2018·北京卷)Up to 12 million tons of plastic pollute the oceans.高达；多达
②We all agree that the young man is up to the position.胜任
③What have you been up to？忙于；做
④Up to now, he hasn’t finished his work.直到
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
⑤—Mary, what would you like to eat for lunch, pizza, sushi or hamburgers?
—It’s up to you.Everything is OK to me.
⑥It’s up to you to__lead(lead) what kind of life in the future.
make efforts 努力
(教材P12)The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.
报告显示我们正在取得一些进步， 但是我们需要作出更大的努力。
(1)make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth.
努力做某事
spare no effort (to do) 不遗余力
(2)without effort 容易地，不费力地
①Make a little bit more effort, and I believe you will realize your dream.
多努力一些， 我相信你会实现你的梦想的。
②The club is making efforts to attract more young people.
这家俱乐部正在努力吸引更多的年轻人。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(江西卷)What’s the point, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to__help(help) himself?
②Don’t you think it essential that every resident of Beijing and Zhangjiakou spare no effort to__make(make) contributions to the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics?
③Nothing in this world can be achieved without effort.
“尽一切努力做某事” 的表达法还有：
try/do one’s best to do sth.
do all that sb.can to do sth.
figure n．数字；体形；人物；身影；图形
v．计算；认为
(教材P13)Complete the chart with figures from the passage. 用短文中的数字完成表格。
(1)figure out 想出，理解；弄明白，看透
figure in 包括……；把……计算在内
(2)keep one’s figure 保持身材
[一词多义]——写出下列句中figure的含义
①(2016·北京卷) As for my favorite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.人物
②He went on to graduate from college and got a job, earning close to six figures.数字
③(福建卷)I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.体形
④She was frightened to see a figure in the dark.人影
⑤I figure that he was drunk and shouldn’t be allowed to drive.认为
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
⑥I can’t figure out what it is that makes him so sad recently.
⑦Have you figured in the cost of food for our holiday?
while作并列连词
(教材P12)Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7. 挪威高居榜首， 而美国名列第7位。
句中的while作并列连词， 意为“但是， 然而”， 表示一种对比关系。
(1)while引导时间状语从句， 意为“当……时候”。
(2)while引导让步状语从句， 意为“虽然， 尽管”， 一般放在句首， 相当于although。
①The walls are green, while the ceiling is white.
墙是绿色的，而天花板是白色的。
② (2016·上海卷)She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets.
她告诉我其中一些孩子和一位老太太住在一个收容所，而其他的人睡在街上。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①虽然学生们来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。
(福建卷)While__the__students__came__from__different__countries,__they got along quite well in the summer camp.
②我在花园里散步时电话铃响了。
The telephone rang while__I__was__walking in the garden.
作“然而” 解时， while不能放在句子前面。 while和but有所不同， while用于对比， but表示转折； 当前后两个分句拥有同一个主语时应用but, 不用while表示转折。
with＋宾语＋宾补
(教材P12)The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone( in West Africa) at the bottom of the list. 排在最后的10个国家均是非洲国家， 塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在最后。
句中的with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list属于“with＋宾语＋宾补” 结构，在句中作状语，介词短语at the bottom of the list作宾补。with复合结构常作原因、 条件、 时间、 方式或伴随状语， 也可作后置定语。其常见形式：
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)with＋宾语＋doing
(3)with＋宾语＋done
(4)with＋宾语＋to do
①Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms?
你认识那个抱婴儿的女士吗？
②(重庆卷)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68℃above the average.
去年是有记录以来最热的一年，全球温度比平均值高出0.68摄氏度。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①With prices going(go) up so fast, we can’t afford an apartment in big city.
②The boy sat in the room, with his eyes fixed(fix) on the ceiling.
③ With so many books to__read(read), I have no time to chat with you.
with复合结构的难点和考点在于现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别。现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动或正在进行的动作；过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动或已完成的动作；动词不定式作宾语补足语表示将要发生的动作。因此，确定非谓语动词和其逻辑主语之间的关系以及非谓语动词所表示的时间概念十分重要。
品句填词
1．How__does__she__manage__to__keep__her__figure(身材) when she eats so much?
2．Because of the bad harvest many people will suffer from hunger(饥饿)．
3．The government will take measures(措施) to help college graduates to find jobs in 2020.
4．The campaign is intended to educate(教育) the public to protect the environment.
5．From his position(位置) on the top of the tower, he can have a better view of the city.
6．One of her goals(目标) is to get the first place in the coming examination.
7．With the development(发展) of science and technology, our life becomes more and more convenient.
8．He earns 1，000 yuan a month.His family live on such a small income(收入)．
单句改错
1．It is amazing that the little boy can swim across the river measured 100 meters wide.measured→measuring
2．He lay on the grass with his eyes looked at the sky.looked→looking
3．The government has promised to spare no effort help those who are in poverty.help前加to
4．On the top of the hill stand an old temple, which has a long history.stand→stands
5．My new English teacher is very humorous, but my previous one is quite serious.but→while
课文语法填空
One of the most important 1.sections(section) of the Human Development Report is the Human Development Index, which 2.measures(measure) a country’s achievements 3.in three ways: life expectancy, education and income. The UK is in the thirteenth position, 4.while China is in the middle of the list.
This report gives examples of 5.successful(success) development. For example, in the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of 6.poverty(poor). 7.However,__the challenges are still great. Although most of the children in 8.developing(develop) countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not 9.being__educated(educate)．The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make 10.greater(great) efforts.
单句语法填空
1．Whether a man is successful or not can be__measured(measure) in many ways.
2．He resigned from the company in order to find a better position where he could give his ability into full play.
3．They love their daughter so much that they are always ready to do everything they can to make sure of her happiness.
4．God gave us the gift of life; it is up to us to__give(give) ourselves the gift of living well.
5．(2019·山东济南高一期中)We must make every effort to__turn(turn) our dreams into reality.
6．Tom is very good at singing, while his brother is clever at dancing.
7．At the foot of the mountain stands(stand) a tower built in the Ming Dynasty.
8．With my brother to__help(help) me, I will finish the task in a shorter time.
9．It took them about one week to figure out how to start the equipment.
10．Those children in that poor area are looking forward to being__educated(educate), but their parents can’t afford to send them to school.
阅读理解
A
Two billion children in the developing world can’t receive good education—the key to human development. However, technology offers an answer which allows the poor in developing countries to learn. It is a tool which holds the ability to change the lives of the poor, as it provides a means of learning and communicating.
Educational programs must break away from old systems. New companies such as One Laptop(笔记本电脑) Per Child(OLPC), an organization founded by MIT Professor Nicholas Negroponte have been active in solving the world’s education problem.
The Internet has changed the world, allowing educational services to help with the global fight against poverty. Khan Academy is one such service. Like OLPC, it is an organization founded by Harvard Business School graduate Salman Khan with the task of “providing a world-class education to anyone, anywhere”. The education offered includes a large number of math-related topics.
The GMAT Pill Review is another company that trains MBA candidates(应考人) worldwide to prepare for the GMAT exam on both the Quant and Verbal section. Founded by Stanford graduate Zeke Lee, the company offers services which are priced at about 75% less than other similar programs. It allows students from developing countries who might not be able to afford similar courses to have access to these services.
Whether paid or free these services provide educational opportunities to those who would never have had the chance in the past. As a result of the technology revolution(革新), business schools may see more students from different corners of the world. Because of the Internet, people in developing nations have access to better and more affordable educational opportunities. More and more people will try to improve their lives through educational opportunities outside of their homeland—an idea usually uncommon in developing countries.
【解题导语】 在发展中国家，众多儿童不能得到优质的教育资源， 世界上众多组织试图改变这种现状。
1.According to the text, technology can ________．
A．improve people’s reading ability
B．solve the problems facing the whole world
C．help the poor to reduce poverty
D．cause poverty in developing countries
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的It is a tool which holds the ability to change the lives of the poor, as it provides a means of learning and communicating.可知， 由于科技提供学习和交流的方法， 所以它是能够改变穷人命运的工具。
2.We can learn from the text that Khan Academy aims to ________．
A．help the poor pay for good courses
B．provide every child with a computer
C．help train MBA candidates
D．make everyone receive a good education
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第二、三句可知， 该组织的目的是使每一个人都得到世界一流的教育。
3．Which of the following about GMAT Pill Review is TRUE?
A．It only accepts students from developing countries.
B．It was started by Professor Nicholas Negroponte.
C．It charges students about 25 percent of other similar programs.
D．The education includes a lot of math-related topics.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知， GMAT Pill Review在全世界范围内招生， 故A项错误； 由第四段第二句可知， 它由Zeke Lee创办， 学费比其他同样的学校便宜75%, 因此B项错误， C项正确； D选项是叙述Khan Academy的， 因此错误。
4.In the past, people in developing countries ________．
A．had no educational opportunities in their homeland
B．seldom thought of receiving foreign education to change themselves
C．always believed education was of great importance
D．wouldn’t leave their homeland to reduce poverty
B 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句可知， 现在越来越多的人通过本国之外的教育机会来改善他们的生活， 这一点在过去的发展中国家是不常见的。由此可以推断出， 过去发展中国家的人们很少想到通过接受国外的教育来改变自己的命运。
B
Gabriella’s family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟谙两种语言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, spanish at home. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.
Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.
Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap form “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更聪明、健康和活跃；学习外语永远不迟。
5．Why is Gabriella’s family used as the example in Paragraph 1?
A．To show that the family are bilinguals.
B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.
C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.
D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，即Gabriella同时学习英语和西班牙语；她的弟弟在学校学习英语，在家里学习西班牙语；她的父母则通过将第二语言翻译为母语来学习第二语言。据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。
6．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?
A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.
B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.
C．Because their mother tongue doesn’t influence them much.
D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。
7．Which of the following best explains “handicap” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A．Disease. B．Disability.
C．Disadvantage. D．Illness.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”，尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与C项“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故C项正确。
8．What can we infer from the text?
A．The left brain is more important for language learning.
B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.
C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.
D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明，它会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，语言学习促进大脑的发展，故B项正确。
七选五
Sleep Advice for Kids of All Ages
It is important for each child to get enough sleep every day.Here, we’ll learn more about that.
How much sleep does a child need?
1．________ Newborns 0 to 3 months should sleep 10 to 18 hours a day. Babies 4 to 11 months should start to sleep through the night, for 9 to 12 hours at a time. Toddlers(初学走路的孩子) 1 to 2 years need about 11 to 14 hours a day. Children 3 to 5 should get 11 to 13 hours a night. 2.________ Teenagers 14 and up need 8 to 10 hours of sleep.
What can parents do?
Set a strict nap(小睡) timetable. 3.________ Even older children can benefit(受益) from late-afternoon naps if they are not getting enough sleep at night. But keep them short—30 minutes at most.
4．________ Remember to ask your child to turn off the television and the computer an hour before bed. If possible, get them out of your child’s bedroom since the light from electronic screens can make sleep a difficult job.
Get them moving. 5.________ Running around and playing sports is great, but kids can be active in other ways, too. Take the dog for a walk, or go to the park—just get them out of the house and get them moving.
A．Pay attention to screen time.
B．It usually depends on their age.
C．It’s OK to go to bed 30 minutes later.
D．Kids 6 to 13 need 9 to 11 hours of sleep.
E．Younger children should take a short sleep during the day.
F．Energy drinks can keep kids from falling or staying asleep.
G．Exercise during the day helps children sleep better at night.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者主要就孩子们的睡眠问题提出了几点建议。
1．B 解析：由该段小标题How much sleep does a child need？和该空后的相关内容可知，小孩子需要多少睡眠取决于其年龄，故选B项。
2．D 解析：由该空前的Children 3 to 5 should get 11 to 13 hours a night.和空后的Teenagers 14 and up need 8 to 10 hours of sleep.可知，此处是讲6－13岁孩子所需的睡眠时间，故选D项。
3．E 解析：由该空前的Set a strict nap(小睡) timetable.和空后的older children可知，这里是说小一点的孩子在白天小睡的必要性，故选E项。
4.A 解析：由该空后的Remember to ask your child to turn off the television and the computer an hour before bed.和electronic screens可知，本段主要是讲看电视或是电脑的时间问题，故选A项。
5.G 解析：由该空前的Get them moving.和空后的Running around and playing sports可知，此处是讲孩子们在白天多锻炼的重要性，故选G项。
课件30张PPT。Module 2 Developing and Developed Countriesbe measuredmeasuringto dealto位置职务姿势状况，处境inoutinwhere高达；多达胜任忙于；做直到toto leadto helpto makewithout人物数字体形人影认为outinWhile the students came from different countrieswhile I was walkinggoingfixedto read本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．How does she manage to keep her figure(身材) when she eats so much?
2．Because of the bad harvest many people will suffer from hunger(饥饿)．
3．The government will take measures(措施) to help college graduates to find jobs in 2020.
4．The campaign is intended to educate(教育) the public to protect the environment.
5．From his position(位置) on the top of the tower, he can have a better view of the city.
6．One of her goals(目标) is to get the first place in the coming examination.
7．With the development(发展) of science and technology, our life becomes more and more convenient.
8．He earns 1，000 yuan a month.His family live on such a small income(收入)．
单句改错
1．It is amazing that the little boy can swim across the river measured 100 meters wide.measured→measuring
2．He lay on the grass with his eyes looked at the sky.looked→looking
3．The government has promised to spare no effort help those who are in poverty.help前加to
4．On the top of the hill stand an old temple, which has a long history.stand→stands
5．My new English teacher is very humorous, but my previous one is quite serious.but→while
课文语法填空
One of the most important 1.sections(section) of the Human Development Report is the Human Development Index, which 2.measures(measure) a country’s achievements 3.in three ways: life expectancy, education and income. The UK is in the thirteenth position, 4.while China is in the middle of the list.
This report gives examples of 5.successful(success) development. For example, in the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of 6.poverty(poor). 7.However,__the challenges are still great. Although most of the children in 8.developing(develop) countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not 9.being__educated(educate)．The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make 10.greater(great) efforts.
单句语法填空
1．Whether a man is successful or not can be__measured(measure) in many ways.
2．He resigned from the company in order to find a better position where he could give his ability into full play.
3．They love their daughter so much that they are always ready to do everything they can to make sure of her happiness.
4．God gave us the gift of life; it is up to us to__give(give) ourselves the gift of living well.
5．(2019·山东济南高一期中)We must make every effort to__turn(turn) our dreams into reality.
6．Tom is very good at singing, while his brother is clever at dancing.
7．At the foot of the mountain stands(stand) a tower built in the Ming Dynasty.
8．With my brother to__help(help) me, I will finish the task in a shorter time.
9．It took them about one week to figure out how to start the equipment.
10．Those children in that poor area are looking forward to being__educated(educate), but their parents can’t afford to send them to school.
阅读理解
A
Two billion children in the developing world can’t receive good education—the key to human development. However, technology offers an answer which allows the poor in developing countries to learn. It is a tool which holds the ability to change the lives of the poor, as it provides a means of learning and communicating.
Educational programs must break away from old systems. New companies such as One Laptop(笔记本电脑) Per Child(OLPC), an organization founded by MIT Professor Nicholas Negroponte have been active in solving the world’s education problem.
The Internet has changed the world, allowing educational services to help with the global fight against poverty. Khan Academy is one such service. Like OLPC, it is an organization founded by Harvard Business School graduate Salman Khan with the task of “providing a world-class education to anyone, anywhere”. The education offered includes a large number of math-related topics.
The GMAT Pill Review is another company that trains MBA candidates(应考人) worldwide to prepare for the GMAT exam on both the Quant and Verbal section. Founded by Stanford graduate Zeke Lee, the company offers services which are priced at about 75% less than other similar programs. It allows students from developing countries who might not be able to afford similar courses to have access to these services.
Whether paid or free these services provide educational opportunities to those who would never have had the chance in the past. As a result of the technology revolution(革新), business schools may see more students from different corners of the world. Because of the Internet, people in developing nations have access to better and more affordable educational opportunities. More and more people will try to improve their lives through educational opportunities outside of their homeland—an idea usually uncommon in developing countries.
【解题导语】 在发展中国家，众多儿童不能得到优质的教育资源， 世界上众多组织试图改变这种现状。
1.According to the text, technology can ________．
A．improve people’s reading ability
B．solve the problems facing the whole world
C．help the poor to reduce poverty
D．cause poverty in developing countries
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的It is a tool which holds the ability to change the lives of the poor, as it provides a means of learning and communicating.可知， 由于科技提供学习和交流的方法， 所以它是能够改变穷人命运的工具。
2.We can learn from the text that Khan Academy aims to ________．
A．help the poor pay for good courses
B．provide every child with a computer
C．help train MBA candidates
D．make everyone receive a good education
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第二、三句可知， 该组织的目的是使每一个人都得到世界一流的教育。
3．Which of the following about GMAT Pill Review is TRUE?
A．It only accepts students from developing countries.
B．It was started by Professor Nicholas Negroponte.
C．It charges students about 25 percent of other similar programs.
D．The education includes a lot of math-related topics.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知， GMAT Pill Review在全世界范围内招生， 故A项错误； 由第四段第二句可知， 它由Zeke Lee创办， 学费比其他同样的学校便宜75%, 因此B项错误， C项正确； D选项是叙述Khan Academy的， 因此错误。
4.In the past, people in developing countries ________．
A．had no educational opportunities in their homeland
B．seldom thought of receiving foreign education to change themselves
C．always believed education was of great importance
D．wouldn’t leave their homeland to reduce poverty
B 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句可知， 现在越来越多的人通过本国之外的教育机会来改善他们的生活， 这一点在过去的发展中国家是不常见的。由此可以推断出， 过去发展中国家的人们很少想到通过接受国外的教育来改变自己的命运。
B
Gabriella’s family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟谙两种语言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, spanish at home. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.
Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.
Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap form “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更聪明、健康和活跃；学习外语永远不迟。
5．Why is Gabriella’s family used as the example in Paragraph 1?
A．To show that the family are bilinguals.
B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.
C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.
D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，即Gabriella同时学习英语和西班牙语；她的弟弟在学校学习英语，在家里学习西班牙语；她的父母则通过将第二语言翻译为母语来学习第二语言。据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。
6．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?
A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.
B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.
C．Because their mother tongue doesn’t influence them much.
D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。
7．Which of the following best explains “handicap” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A．Disease. B．Disability.
C．Disadvantage. D．Illness.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”，尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与C项“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故C项正确。
8．What can we infer from the text?
A．The left brain is more important for language learning.
B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.
C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.
D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明，它会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，语言学习促进大脑的发展，故B项正确。
七选五
Sleep Advice for Kids of All Ages
It is important for each child to get enough sleep every day.Here, we’ll learn more about that.
How much sleep does a child need?
1．________ Newborns 0 to 3 months should sleep 10 to 18 hours a day. Babies 4 to 11 months should start to sleep through the night, for 9 to 12 hours at a time. Toddlers(初学走路的孩子) 1 to 2 years need about 11 to 14 hours a day. Children 3 to 5 should get 11 to 13 hours a night. 2.________ Teenagers 14 and up need 8 to 10 hours of sleep.
What can parents do?
Set a strict nap(小睡) timetable. 3.________ Even older children can benefit(受益) from late-afternoon naps if they are not getting enough sleep at night. But keep them short—30 minutes at most.
4．________ Remember to ask your child to turn off the television and the computer an hour before bed. If possible, get them out of your child’s bedroom since the light from electronic screens can make sleep a difficult job.
Get them moving. 5.________ Running around and playing sports is great, but kids can be active in other ways, too. Take the dog for a walk, or go to the park—just get them out of the house and get them moving.
A．Pay attention to screen time.
B．It usually depends on their age.
C．It’s OK to go to bed 30 minutes later.
D．Kids 6 to 13 need 9 to 11 hours of sleep.
E．Younger children should take a short sleep during the day.
F．Energy drinks can keep kids from falling or staying asleep.
G．Exercise during the day helps children sleep better at night.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者主要就孩子们的睡眠问题提出了几点建议。
1．B 解析：由该段小标题How much sleep does a child need？和该空后的相关内容可知，小孩子需要多少睡眠取决于其年龄，故选B项。
2．D 解析：由该空前的Children 3 to 5 should get 11 to 13 hours a night.和空后的Teenagers 14 and up need 8 to 10 hours of sleep.可知，此处是讲6－13岁孩子所需的睡眠时间，故选D项。
3．E 解析：由该空前的Set a strict nap(小睡) timetable.和空后的older children可知，这里是说小一点的孩子在白天小睡的必要性，故选E项。
4.A 解析：由该空后的Remember to ask your child to turn off the television and the computer an hour before bed.和electronic screens可知，本段主要是讲看电视或是电脑的时间问题，故选A项。
5.G 解析：由该空前的Get them moving.和空后的Running around and playing sports可知，此处是讲孩子们在白天多锻炼的重要性，故选G项。
Section Ⅲ Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
重点单词
写作词汇
1.homeless adj. 无家可归的
2.freeway n. 高速公路
3.smart adj. 漂亮的； 整洁的； 时髦的
4.exchange n. 交换
拓展词汇
5.crowded adj.拥挤的→crowd n．人群
6.similarity n．类似；相似→similar adj.相似的→similarly adv.相似地
7.unfortunate adj. 不幸的遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n．运气；财富
8.location n. 位置；所在地→locate v．位于；确定……的位置
9.transport n．交通工具→transportation n．交通
10.polluted adj. 受到污染的→pollute v．污染→
pollution n．污染
11.entertainment n．娱乐→entertain v．娱乐；招待→entertaining adj.有趣的
阅读词汇
12.household n． 一家人；家庭
13.charity n. 慈善团体
14.inhabitant n. 居民
15.tourism n． 旅游业
16.industrial adj. 工业的
17.vast adj. 巨大的；庞大的；浩瀚的
重点短语
1.be__connected__with 与……有联系；与……有关
2.be__close__to 接近；靠近
3.as__a__result 结果；因此
重点句型
1.How do you find...？你认为……怎么样？：How__do__you__find (你认为……怎么样) it？
2.be＋of＋名词：It’s an agreement between towns or cities of__similar__size__and__age(规模和年代相似的), and which have similar features such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment.
3.This is because...这是因为……：This__is__because(这是因为) living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language, and as a result you improve fast.
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Oxford in the UK and Grenoble in France are similar. Choose the WRONG statement about them: ________．
A．They both have universities and industries
B．They are both medium-sized towns in Europe
C．Tourism isn’t important to them
D．They are both close to some of the most beautiful countryside
2．Where did the visitors of town twinning agreements live when they visited the others of town twinning agreements?
A．In the hotels. B．In the schools.
C．In the theatres. D．In the private homes.
3．Town twinning is most useful for ________．
A．business men B．students
C．foreigners D．teachers
4．Which statement is TRUE according to the text?
A．There is usually a party for you when you visit your town twinning agreement friends.
B．In order to practice your English, you must live with a foreign family for one or two weeks.
C．The town twinning agreement cities are the same in everything.
D．In the town twinning agreements, one city must visit the other once a year.
答案：1－4.CDBA
①inhabitant[In'h?bIt?nt]n.居民
②be important to对……重要
③be close to靠近；接近
to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
④have a/an...agreement有一个……的协议
⑤of similar size and age具有相似面积和历史的
⑥entertainment[?ent?'teInm?nt]n.娱乐
⑦encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
⑧exchange[Iks't?eInd?]n.交换
in exchange for作为……的交换
exchange也可作动词，常用于：
exchange sth.with sb.和某人交换某物
exchange sth.for sth.以某物换取某物
⑨most此处相当于very。
⑩practise v．练习 practise doing sth.练习做某事
?This is because...这是因为……
?mean v．意思是
mean to do打算做……
mean doing意味着做……
?as a result结果 as a result of由于
?improve v．改善；改进
Town Twinning
How are Oxford in the UK and Grenoble in France similar? Well, they’re both medium-sized towns of between 100，000 and 200，000 inhabitants①. They both have universities and industries. Tourism is important to② both of them, and they are both close to③ some of the most beautiful countryside in the region. But they share something else：they have a town twinning agreement④.
Town twinning is not a new idea, but it has become more popular in recent years because it’s now easier to find out about and visit other countries and towns. It’s an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age⑤， and which have similar features such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment⑥.
◆it’s now easier to find out...中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to find out...。
◆which have similar features是which引导的定语从句，修饰towns or cities，which在从句中作主语。
Town twinning agreements encourage⑦ people from the two towns to visit each other. There are visits and exchanges⑧between schools, theatre groups and sports teams. Visitors from the foreign town usually stay in the private homes of the town they are visiting. There is usually a big party for the visitors.
◆they are visiting是定语从句，修饰the town，从句中省略了作定语的关系代词that或which。
Town twinning agreements are perhaps most⑨ useful for students and people who want to practise⑩ speaking another language. This is because? living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means? that you have to speak their language, and as a result? you improve? fast.
◆who want to practise speaking...是who引导的定语从句，修饰students and people。
姐妹城市
英国的牛津和法国的格雷诺布尔有什么相似之处？它们都是中等大小的城镇，人口都在10万到20万之间。它们都拥有大学和工业。对于两个城镇来说，旅游业都很重要，而且它们与当地一些最美丽的乡村近在咫尺。但是它们还有其他共同之处：它们之间有一个姐妹城市协议。
姐妹城市不是一个新的想法，但是近几年它变得更受欢迎，因为现在更容易了解和参观其他的国家和城镇。它是那些规模和年代相似的城镇或城市之间的一种协议， 这些城镇或城市之间有相似的特征， 譬如旅游业、 工业、 文化和娱乐。
姐妹城市协议鼓励来自这两个城镇的人们参观彼此的城镇。学校之间、剧团之间以及体育团队之间都有访问和交流。来自国外城镇的旅游者通常待在他们正在参观的城镇的私人家里。他们通常会为来访者举行一个大的聚会。
姐妹城市协议或许对那些想要练习讲另一门语言的学生和人们来说最有用处。这是因为在外国人家里住一两个星期就意味着你不得不说他们的语言，这样你就会提高得很快。
unfortunate adj.不幸的；遗憾的
(1)be unfortunate to do sth. 做某事很不幸
It is unfortunate that... 不幸的是……；
可惜的是……
(2)unfortunately adv. 不幸的是；遗憾的是
(3)fortune n. 财富；命运；运气
fortunate adj. 幸运的，吉祥的
fortunately adv. 幸运地
①We will do our best to help those unfortunate people.
我们将尽全力去帮助那些不幸的人们。
②It was unfortunate that you missed the lecture given by a famous professor.
真可惜，你错过了那位著名教授的讲座。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Even in the most unfortunate(fortunate) situations, there is always something to look forward to.
②I was unfortunate enough to__lose(lose) my keys.
③I was late in getting to the station, but fortunately(fortunate) for me, the train was late too.
[巧学活用]——用fortunate的适当形式完成句子
④It is unfortunate to be stuck in the rain. Even unfortunately,__we couldn’t find anyone to help us. At last we tried our fortune to find a shortcut. Fortunately we arrived home before dark. So we were also fortunate．
be connected with... 与……有联系，与……有关
(教材P16)Which word is connected with building?
哪一个单词与建造有关？
(1)connect v． 连接； 把……联系起来
connect...with... 把……和……联系起来；
把……和……连接起来
connect...to... 把……和……连接
(2)connection n. 联系
in connection with 与……有关
have a/no connection with...
与……有/无联系
①Studies show that lung cancer is closely connected with smoking. 研究表明肺癌与吸烟有密切的联系。
②The driver is connected with the traffic accident.
这位司机与这起交通事故有关。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Can you think of any Chinese proverbs connected(connect) with friendship?
②a.The road is connected to/with the railway 20 miles east of the city.
b．A good student must connect what he reads with what he sees around him.
③a.His death had no connection with drugs.
b．Disease is often in connection with bad living conditions.
[链接写作]——一句多译
这起事故与粗心驾驶有关。
④The accident is__connected__with careless driving.
⑤The accident has__something__to__do__with careless driving.
⑥The accident is__related__to careless driving.
相关短语： have something/nothing to do with...与……有关系/无关；be related to...与……有关系。
be/get close to 接近，靠近
(教材P19)Tourism is important to both of them, and they are both close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the region. 对于两个城镇来说， 旅游业都很重要， 而且它们与当地一些最美丽的乡村近在咫尺。
(1)close adj. 亲密的；亲近的
adv. 靠近地；接近地
v. 关；结束
close to 与……关系紧密；靠近……；
几乎(to 为介词)
(2)closely adv. 亲密地；密切地；仔细地
closed adj. 关着的
①The children are warned not to get close to the fire.
人们警告孩子们不要靠近火。
②By hiking, people can get close to nature and enjoy a new kind of life.
通过徒步旅行，人们可以亲近大自然，享受一种新的生活。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①—Keep a close eye on your little girl!
—Oh, my God! She is standing too close to the fire!
②The two countries are close to signing(sign) a peace agreement.
③While you were out, you should keep your doors and windows closed(close)．
副词close多用来表示位置上或时间上的“接近”， closely多用来表示抽象意义上的“紧密”。
[巧学活用]——选词填空(close/closely)
④He stood close to the painting and studied it closely．
⑤The man in charge of the meeting asked the people present to sit close together and listen closely．
exchange v．交换，交流；互换
n．交换，交流
(教材P19)There are visits and exchanges between schools, theatre groups and sports teams.
学校之间、 剧团之间以及体育团队之间都有访问和交流。
(1)exchange sth. for sth. 以某物换取某物
exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物
(2)in exchange for 以……交换……
①(2016·天津卷)It has been two weeks since you came to our school for the exchange program.
自从你们来到我们学校参加交流活动已有两周了。
②(牛津词典)Our school does an exchange with a school in France.
我们学校与法国的一所学校进行交流。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①China will hold many activities to exchange culture with other countries.
②No doubt money plays an important part in our daily life, but it does not mean everything.We cannot exchange money for friendship or love.
③The boy hoped to give the girl an apple in exchange for a banana.
be＋of＋名词
(教材P19)It’s an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age, and which have similar features such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment.
它是那些规模和年代相似的城镇或城市之间的一种协议， 这些城镇或城市之间有相似的特征， 譬如旅游业、 工业、 文化和娱乐。
本句中的It’s...of similar size and age是“be＋of＋名词” 结构， 常在句中作表语或定语。该结构有两类：
(1)be＋of＋抽象名词，该结构说明主语的性质。其中的“of＋名词” 相当于该名词同根的形容词。用于该句型的名词有：use, help, importance, value, interest等， 这类名词前可用no, some, any, little, much, great等修饰。
(2)be＋of＋a(n)/形容词＋普通名词，用于该结构的名词有：age, colour, size, length, width, height, weight, price, quality, shape, opinion等。
①“be＋of＋a(n)＋普通名词” 表示“同一的” 或“相同的”， 相当于“be＋of＋the same＋该名词”。
②“be＋of＋形容词＋普通名词” 表示“在某方面……的”， 相当于“be＋形容词＋in＋该名词”。
①I do hope this book will be of great value to him in his studies.
＝I do hope this book will be very valuable to him in his studies.
我希望这本书对他的学习将会非常有价值。
②The two rooms are of a size/of the same size.
这两个房间大小一样。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The discovery of the new drug is of great importance(important) to people who suffer from heart trouble.
②I have a lot of good friends of an age but of different heights(high) and we often play together after school.
③Coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes, and of different metals.
[链接写作]——句式升级
④(普通表达)What he said at the meeting was very important.
(高级表达)What he said at the meeting was of__great__importance．(be＋of＋名词)
⑤(普通表达)This reference book is useless to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.
(高级表达)This reference book is__of__no__use to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.(be＋of＋名词)
This is because...这是因为……
(教材P19)This is because living with a foreign family for one or two weeks means that you have to speak their language, and as a result you improve fast.
这是因为在外国人家里住一两个星期就意味着你不得不说他们的语言， 这样你就会提高得很快。
句中This is because...表示“这是因为……”， 其中because引导表语从句。
(1)That/This is because...那/这是因为……(强调原因)
(2)That/This is why...那/这是……的原因。(强调结果)
(3)The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
①I won’t go out today. This is because I am not feeling well.
今天我不出去了，因为我感觉不舒服。
②He did not go to the party last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他没有去参加聚会， 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(安徽卷)From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
②He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
[链接写作]——一句多译
她迟到是因为她没有赶上公共汽车。
③She was late. That__was__because she didn’t catch the bus.
④She didn’t catch the bus. That__was__why she was late.
⑤The reason why__she__was__late__was__that she didn’t catch the bus.
品句填词
1．Do you know what the exact location(所在地) of the local museum is?
2．It’s traditional for the two teams to exchange(交换)shirts after the game.
3．Since the government took some measures, the polluted(污染) river has been becoming cleaner and cleaner.
4．The bus was so crowded(拥挤的) that I had to stand all the way to school.
5．Can you tell us the similarities(相似)and differences between the two designs?
6．Students can develop their intelligence through study as well as entertainment(娱乐)．
7．Unfortunately(不幸的是)，all the passengers on board were killed because of the air crash.
8．The local inhabitants(居民) do not like noisy tourists in summer.
单句改错
1．The two girls are standing closely to each other, talking about something in a most pleasant atmosphere.closely→close
2．He was late for work. That is why his car broke down on the road.why→because
3．I always considered your brother to be connected to that club.第二个to→with
4．Would you like my old TV in exchange of this camera？of→for
5．Learning English is of great important for our future’s developing.important→importance
课文语篇改错
Town twinning is an agreement among towns or cities which have many similarity, such as similar size and age, tourism, industry, culture and entertainment. Town twinning is not a new idea, and it has become the more popular in recent years. That is because it’s now easy to find out about but visit other countries and towns.
Town twinning agreements encourage people from the two towns visit each other. These agreements are perhaps most usefully for students and people who want to practise speaking other language. This is why living with a foreign family for one or two weeks mean that you have to speak their language, and as a result you improve fast.
答案：
Town twinning is an agreement towns or cities which have many ， such as similar size and age, tourism, industry, culture and entertainment. Town twinning is not a new idea, and it has become more popular in recent years. That is because it’s now to find out about visit other countries and towns.
Town twinning agreements encourage people from the two towns visit each other. These agreements are perhaps most for students and people who want to practise speaking language. This is living with a foreign family for one or two weeks that you have to speak their language, and as a result you improve fast.
单句语法填空
1．The disease, connected(connect) with smoking, is not easy to cure.
2．Several middle-aged passengers fell into the sea.Unfortunately(fortunate), none of them could swim.
3．The little boy sat close to his father and listened closely with great interest.(close)
4．The problem of global warming is serious. As a result, the sea levels have risen a little.
5．Plants are very important. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight.
6．When comparing different cultures, we often only pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities(similar)．
7．I feel very sick on the bus. Can you exchange the seat with me?
8．If you are not feeling well, you shouldn’t go to crowded(crowd) places.
9．(2019·石家庄一中高一期中)I have no idea whether the book is of great help to your English study.
10．The waste water is being poured into the river, which makes it seriously polluted(pollute)．
阅读理解
What is the difference between developed and developing countries? The question is quite a difficult one. But we can compare them in two important aspects: people and economy.
People
In developing countries, there are high rates of both birth and death. Families decide to give birth to more than one child, because many developing countries do not have the systems necessary to guarantee(保证) the life of old people. Raising more children seems to be the only way to make sure that during their later years a person will be taken care of.
The situation is completely different in fully developed countries. Those countries have low levels of birth and mortality．Low mortality rate is mainly because of the good health care, but low birth rate is due to the fact that supporting a family with more children is expensive nowadays. Another reason is that more and more women decide to work outside, so there is usually no time and place for a large group of children in their lives.
Economy
In developed countries, most industries have high levels of technological progress, while the smallest role in the country’s GDP is played by agriculture.
In most cases, in developing countries most GDP comes from agriculture. It is mainly due to the fact that services and many branches of industry are in the stage of development. But they have the potential to develop quickly, because they have many things to improve.
Of course, the difference between developed and developing countries is not that clear, because some countries might be in the middle of great changes. When a country is in that stage, some data can define the country as a developing one, but others may show that it is a developed one.
【解题导语】 如何定义发展中国家和发达国家？ 它们之间的区别在哪儿？ 作者从两个方面进行了对比、分析。
1．In developing countries, there are high birth rates because people hope________．
A．their children will have a bright future
B．generations can live under the same roof
C．they will be taken care of in their later years
D．the next generation can contribute more to society
C 解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Raising more children...be taken care of.可知， 人们希望养儿防老。
2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “mortality” in Paragraph 3?
A．Health. B．Death.
C．Employment. D．Survival.
B 解析： 词义猜测题。文章第二、 三两段主要是对发展中国家和发达国家出生率和死亡率之间差距的原因的分析。根据Low mortality rate is mainly because of the good health care 可推测mortality即death。
3．What’s probably the writer’s attitude towards the future of developing countries?
A．Negative. B．Worried.
C．Optimistic. D．Doubtful.
C 解析：观点态度题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句可知， 作者对发展中国家的未来抱以乐观的态度。
4. This passage mainly helps us to________．
A．know why developed countries develop so fast
B．learn about the weak points of developing countries
C．realize our responsibilities to develop our own country
D．tell the differences between developing countries and developed ones
D 解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文第一句可知， 该文的中心议题是发展中国家和发达国家之间的一些差异。
完形填空
I was having dinner with my mother on Sunday in a restaurant. We had a__1__time but I noticed a gentleman was having__2__paying his bill. I remembered I had a $10 bill in my wallet and I wanted to __3__it to him. So I walked over to his table and said, “Would this__4__？” He said “yes” and was ever so__5__to me and called me an angel.
I__6__my table with my mother and enjoyed our__7__. In the meantime, I could see my $10 was helpful__8__not going to cover the bill. So I__9__that I would cover the rest of the bill__10__I paid for our meal. As I went over to the cashier desk to__11__， I noticed the waitress on her way back to the gentleman’s table. I then asked the manager if things had been__12__. He said “no”．
So I called back the__13__and asked her to put the rest on my bill. The waitress was__14__and said, “Are you sure？” I__15__and asked her to do the math and put it on my bill. So she did. I paid and walked back to my table to__16__my coat.
Out of the corner of my eye, I could see a hand__17__me back again. I went over and asked if everything was OK. The waitress said “yes” and__18__me a $25 gift certificate(礼品券). I was so surprised and loved the__19__on her face and the__20__I provided her with.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者跟母亲去餐馆吃饭，遇到一位男士钱不够，作者帮他付上了余额。这一举动感动了服务生，作者因此得到了一张价值25美元的礼品券。
1．A.hard B．busy
C．long D．lovely
D 解析：根据空格后的转折词but可推知，作者原本跟母亲在餐馆过得很愉快。have a lovely time过得很愉快。
2．A.time B．trouble
C．fun D．luck
B 解析：根据下文作者帮男士买单可知，这位男士买单有困难，即钱不够。have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。
3．A.give B．pass
C．send D．lend
A 解析：作者记得钱包里有一张10美元的钞票，她想把钱给这位男士。
4．A.work B．matter
C．help D．cover
C 解析：根据空格后的He said “yes”可知，作者问这位先生，这10美元是否有帮助。
5．A.grateful B．careful
C．friendly D．important
A 解析：根据空格后的called me an angel可知，男士非常感激作者的帮助。
6．A.cleaned up B．returned to
C．stared at D．moved off
B 解析：与上文中的So I walked over to his table相对应，作者把10美元钞票给了男士后回到自己的餐桌旁。
7．A.rest B．stay
C．dinner D．task
C 解析：根据文章首句中的dinner可知，作者回到桌子旁继续吃饭。
8．A.but B．and
C．so D．though
A 解析：此处是转折关系，前面说这10美元有帮助，后面说，但还是不够买单。所以选转折连词but。
9．A.agreed B．continued
C．pretended D．decided
D 解析：鉴于10美元不能解决问题，作者决定把剩下的钱也帮男士付清。
10．A.since B．if
C．when D．until
C 解析：作者是想在自己买单时，把这位先生的差额一起付上。when引导时间状语从句。
11．A.bargain B．discuss
C．pay D．check
C 解析：根据空格前的cashier desk可知，作者是去收银台结账。
12．A.finished B．settled
C．considered D．ignored
B 解析：根据下文中的He said “no”．可知，作者问经理那位男士钱不够的事情是否解决了，经理回答说“没有”。
13．A.gentleman B．waitress
C．customer D．stranger
B 解析：根据上文中的I noticed the waitress on her way back to the gentleman’s table.可知，作者之前注意到服务生朝男士所在的餐桌走去，现在作者把她叫回来。
14．A.amazed B．encouraged
C．scared D．puzzled
A 解析：根据下文中的Are you sure？可知，服务生对作者的行为感到很惊讶。
15．A.doubted B．bowed
C．cried D．nodded
D 解析：根据下文中的So she did.可知，服务生问作者是否确定要替男士买单，作者点了点头。
16．A.pack B．search
C．remove D．collect
D 解析：根据空格后的my coat可知，作者买完单后回到自己的餐桌旁，准备拿上自己的大衣离开。
17．A.pointing B．waving
C．showing D．pushing
B 解析：作者用余光看到有人挥手让她再回去。
18．A.handed B．admitted
C．bought D．borrowed
A 解析：作者回去问有什么事，服务生递给作者一张25美元的礼品券。
19．A.sadness B．regret
C．shock D．look
D 解析：根据后面的on her face可知，服务生被作者的善举打动，所以决定赠送作者礼品券。作者非常惊讶，她喜欢服务生脸上的表情，也喜欢自己带给她的快乐。
20．A.wisdom B．money
C．delight D．warmth
C 解析：参考上题解析。
课件49张PPT。Module 2 Developing and Developed Countrieshomelessfreewaysmartexchangecrowdedsimilarityunfortunatelocationtransportpollutedentertainment一家人；家庭慈善团体居民旅游业 工业的巨大的；庞大的；浩瀚be connected withbe close toas a resultHow do you findof similar size and ageThis is becauseunfortunateto losefortunatelyunfortunateunfortunatelyfortuneFortunatelyfortunateconnectedto/withwithwithinis connected withhas something to do withis related totosigningclosedclosecloselyclosecloselywithforinimportanceanheightsofof great importanceis of no usebecausewhyThat was becauseThat was whywhy she was late was that 本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Do you know what the exact location(所在地) of the local museum is?
2．It’s traditional for the two teams to exchange(交换)shirts after the game.
3．Since the government took some measures, the polluted(污染) river has been becoming cleaner and cleaner.
4．The bus was so crowded(拥挤的) that I had to stand all the way to school.
5．Can you tell us the similarities(相似)and differences between the two designs?
6．Students can develop their intelligence through study as well as entertainment(娱乐)．
7．Unfortunately(不幸的是)，all the passengers on board were killed because of the air crash.
8．The local inhabitants(居民) do not like noisy tourists in summer.
单句改错
1．The two girls are standing closely to each other, talking about something in a most pleasant atmosphere.closely→close
2．He was late for work. That is why his car broke down on the road.why→because
3．I always considered your brother to be connected to that club.第二个to→with
4．Would you like my old TV in exchange of this camera？of→for
5．Learning English is of great important for our future’s developing.important→importance
课文语篇改错
Town twinning is an agreement among towns or cities which have many similarity, such as similar size and age, tourism, industry, culture and entertainment. Town twinning is not a new idea, and it has become the more popular in recent years. That is because it’s now easy to find out about but visit other countries and towns.
Town twinning agreements encourage people from the two towns visit each other. These agreements are perhaps most usefully for students and people who want to practise speaking other language. This is why living with a foreign family for one or two weeks mean that you have to speak their language, and as a result you improve fast.
答案：
Town twinning is an agreement towns or cities which have many ， such as similar size and age, tourism, industry, culture and entertainment. Town twinning is not a new idea, and it has become more popular in recent years. That is because it’s now to find out about visit other countries and towns.
Town twinning agreements encourage people from the two towns visit each other. These agreements are perhaps most for students and people who want to practise speaking language. This is living with a foreign family for one or two weeks that you have to speak their language, and as a result you improve fast.
单句语法填空
1．The disease, connected(connect) with smoking, is not easy to cure.
2．Several middle-aged passengers fell into the sea.Unfortunately(fortunate), none of them could swim.
3．The little boy sat close to his father and listened closely with great interest.(close)
4．The problem of global warming is serious. As a result, the sea levels have risen a little.
5．Plants are very important. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight.
6．When comparing different cultures, we often only pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities(similar)．
7．I feel very sick on the bus. Can you exchange the seat with me?
8．If you are not feeling well, you shouldn’t go to crowded(crowd) places.
9．(2019·石家庄一中高一期中)I have no idea whether the book is of great help to your English study.
10．The waste water is being poured into the river, which makes it seriously polluted(pollute)．
阅读理解
What is the difference between developed and developing countries? The question is quite a difficult one. But we can compare them in two important aspects: people and economy.
People
In developing countries, there are high rates of both birth and death. Families decide to give birth to more than one child, because many developing countries do not have the systems necessary to guarantee(保证) the life of old people. Raising more children seems to be the only way to make sure that during their later years a person will be taken care of.
The situation is completely different in fully developed countries. Those countries have low levels of birth and mortality．Low mortality rate is mainly because of the good health care, but low birth rate is due to the fact that supporting a family with more children is expensive nowadays. Another reason is that more and more women decide to work outside, so there is usually no time and place for a large group of children in their lives.
Economy
In developed countries, most industries have high levels of technological progress, while the smallest role in the country’s GDP is played by agriculture.
In most cases, in developing countries most GDP comes from agriculture. It is mainly due to the fact that services and many branches of industry are in the stage of development. But they have the potential to develop quickly, because they have many things to improve.
Of course, the difference between developed and developing countries is not that clear, because some countries might be in the middle of great changes. When a country is in that stage, some data can define the country as a developing one, but others may show that it is a developed one.
【解题导语】 如何定义发展中国家和发达国家？ 它们之间的区别在哪儿？ 作者从两个方面进行了对比、分析。
1．In developing countries, there are high birth rates because people hope________．
A．their children will have a bright future
B．generations can live under the same roof
C．they will be taken care of in their later years
D．the next generation can contribute more to society
C 解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Raising more children...be taken care of.可知， 人们希望养儿防老。
2．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “mortality” in Paragraph 3?
A．Health. B．Death.
C．Employment. D．Survival.
B 解析： 词义猜测题。文章第二、 三两段主要是对发展中国家和发达国家出生率和死亡率之间差距的原因的分析。根据Low mortality rate is mainly because of the good health care 可推测mortality即death。
3．What’s probably the writer’s attitude towards the future of developing countries?
A．Negative. B．Worried.
C．Optimistic. D．Doubtful.
C 解析：观点态度题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句可知， 作者对发展中国家的未来抱以乐观的态度。
4. This passage mainly helps us to________．
A．know why developed countries develop so fast
B．learn about the weak points of developing countries
C．realize our responsibilities to develop our own country
D．tell the differences between developing countries and developed ones
D 解析： 主旨大意题。根据全文第一句可知， 该文的中心议题是发展中国家和发达国家之间的一些差异。
完形填空
I was having dinner with my mother on Sunday in a restaurant. We had a__1__time but I noticed a gentleman was having__2__paying his bill. I remembered I had a $10 bill in my wallet and I wanted to __3__it to him. So I walked over to his table and said, “Would this__4__？” He said “yes” and was ever so__5__to me and called me an angel.
I__6__my table with my mother and enjoyed our__7__. In the meantime, I could see my $10 was helpful__8__not going to cover the bill. So I__9__that I would cover the rest of the bill__10__I paid for our meal. As I went over to the cashier desk to__11__， I noticed the waitress on her way back to the gentleman’s table. I then asked the manager if things had been__12__. He said “no”．
So I called back the__13__and asked her to put the rest on my bill. The waitress was__14__and said, “Are you sure？” I__15__and asked her to do the math and put it on my bill. So she did. I paid and walked back to my table to__16__my coat.
Out of the corner of my eye, I could see a hand__17__me back again. I went over and asked if everything was OK. The waitress said “yes” and__18__me a $25 gift certificate(礼品券). I was so surprised and loved the__19__on her face and the__20__I provided her with.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者跟母亲去餐馆吃饭，遇到一位男士钱不够，作者帮他付上了余额。这一举动感动了服务生，作者因此得到了一张价值25美元的礼品券。
1．A.hard B．busy
C．long D．lovely
D 解析：根据空格后的转折词but可推知，作者原本跟母亲在餐馆过得很愉快。have a lovely time过得很愉快。
2．A.time B．trouble
C．fun D．luck
B 解析：根据下文作者帮男士买单可知，这位男士买单有困难，即钱不够。have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。
3．A.give B．pass
C．send D．lend
A 解析：作者记得钱包里有一张10美元的钞票，她想把钱给这位男士。
4．A.work B．matter
C．help D．cover
C 解析：根据空格后的He said “yes”可知，作者问这位先生，这10美元是否有帮助。
5．A.grateful B．careful
C．friendly D．important
A 解析：根据空格后的called me an angel可知，男士非常感激作者的帮助。
6．A.cleaned up B．returned to
C．stared at D．moved off
B 解析：与上文中的So I walked over to his table相对应，作者把10美元钞票给了男士后回到自己的餐桌旁。
7．A.rest B．stay
C．dinner D．task
C 解析：根据文章首句中的dinner可知，作者回到桌子旁继续吃饭。
8．A.but B．and
C．so D．though
A 解析：此处是转折关系，前面说这10美元有帮助，后面说，但还是不够买单。所以选转折连词but。
9．A.agreed B．continued
C．pretended D．decided
D 解析：鉴于10美元不能解决问题，作者决定把剩下的钱也帮男士付清。
10．A.since B．if
C．when D．until
C 解析：作者是想在自己买单时，把这位先生的差额一起付上。when引导时间状语从句。
11．A.bargain B．discuss
C．pay D．check
C 解析：根据空格前的cashier desk可知，作者是去收银台结账。
12．A.finished B．settled
C．considered D．ignored
B 解析：根据下文中的He said “no”．可知，作者问经理那位男士钱不够的事情是否解决了，经理回答说“没有”。
13．A.gentleman B．waitress
C．customer D．stranger
B 解析：根据上文中的I noticed the waitress on her way back to the gentleman’s table.可知，作者之前注意到服务生朝男士所在的餐桌走去，现在作者把她叫回来。
14．A.amazed B．encouraged
C．scared D．puzzled
A 解析：根据下文中的Are you sure？可知，服务生对作者的行为感到很惊讶。
15．A.doubted B．bowed
C．cried D．nodded
D 解析：根据下文中的So she did.可知，服务生问作者是否确定要替男士买单，作者点了点头。
16．A.pack B．search
C．remove D．collect
D 解析：根据空格后的my coat可知，作者买完单后回到自己的餐桌旁，准备拿上自己的大衣离开。
17．A.pointing B．waving
C．showing D．pushing
B 解析：作者用余光看到有人挥手让她再回去。
18．A.handed B．admitted
C．bought D．borrowed
A 解析：作者回去问有什么事，服务生递给作者一张25美元的礼品券。
19．A.sadness B．regret
C．shock D．look
D 解析：根据后面的on her face可知，服务生被作者的善举打动，所以决定赠送作者礼品券。作者非常惊讶，她喜欢服务生脸上的表情，也喜欢自己带给她的快乐。
20．A.wisdom B．money
C．delight D．warmth
C 解析：参考上题解析。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
连 词
1．(教材P12)Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.
2．(教材P12)In the last ten years in China, 150 million people moved out of poverty. However,__the challenges are still great.
3．(教材P12)Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated.
4．(教材P12)More than 1 billion people in developing countries do not drink safe water. However,__in other regions of the world, e．g. Eastern Europe, water is now mostly safe to drink.
5．(教材P12)The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.
6．(教材P12)Although developed countries give some financial help, they need to give much more.
连词是连接单词、 短语、 从句或句子的一种虚词， 在句中不单独作任何成分， 但大多数连接词都有具体的意义和用法。本单元主要学习表示转折关系的连词but, however, although/though, while等。
but
but用作并列连词， 用来连接并列句子或并列成分， 表示强烈对比、 转折， 两个并列成分之间可以用逗号隔开， 也可不用， 但是but后面不用逗号隔开。
◆(北京卷)He is a shy man, but he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
他是一个腼腆的人，但是他不害怕任何事情或任何人。
but 作连词还可用于“I’m sorry/Excuse me, but...” 句式中表示歉意， but本身没有意义。
◆I’m sorry, but I can’t help you with the problem.
很抱歉， 我不能帮你解决这个问题。
however
however作副词时， 表示“然而， 可是， 不过”， 用以引出令人吃惊或表示对比的话语， 可放在句首、 句中或句末， 但要用逗号隔开。
◆I’d like to go with you, however, my hands are full.
我很想和你一块去， 可是我太忙了。
◆You may be right. However, I still want to do what I planned.
你也许是对的， 但我还想按我计划的去做。
◆She felt ill.She went to work, and tried to concentrate, however.
她病了，然而她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中精神工作。
however作连词时， 表示“无论如何， 不管怎样”， 相当于no matter how, 引导让步状语从句， 从句可放在主句之前或之后。常构成： however/no matter how＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。
◆(湖南卷)However/No matter how hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
不管你多么努力， 如果不减少饭量， 减肥很难。
although/though
(1)although和though都是引导让步状语从句的从属连词， 意为“尽管， 虽然”， 一般情况下可互换。但although较正式， 多用于句首， 而though在非正式文体中较为普遍。
◆(2017·北京卷)Although/Though birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
尽管鸟类用羽毛飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。
although和though都不能和并列连词but连用， 但可以和yet或still连用。
(2)though引导让步状语从句时可用部分倒装形式， 其用法相当于as, 把从句中的表语、 状语或动词原形置于句首； 若表语是可数名词单数， 前置时要省略不定冠词。
◆(陕西卷)Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
夜晚的空气虽然很热， 但因为长途旅行之后很累， 我们睡得很沉。
◆Child though/as she is, she knows a lot.
虽然还是个孩子， 她却懂得很多。
◆Fast as/though you read, you can’t finish the book in three days.
尽管你读得快，你也不可能在三天内读完这本书。
◆Try though/as I might, I couldn’t lift the stone.
尽管我试了， 可还是搬不动那块石头。
though还可以作副词， 放在句末， 用逗号和主句分开， 相当于however, 意为“然而”。
◆She said she would come; she didn’t, though.
她说她要来， 然而却没来。
while
while作连词时用法较多， 主要有以下几种含义。
(1)while作并列连词表示转折，强调前后句的对比关系，意为“然而”，此时while不能位于句首。
◆You like playing tennis, while I like reading.
你爱打网球，而我爱看书。
(2)while引导让步状语从句， 意为“虽然， 尽管”， 可以与although或though互换， 此时while位于句首。
◆(2016·浙江卷)While online shopping has changed our life , not all of its effects have been positive.
尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但它的影响并不全是积极的。
(3)while引导时间状语从句， 意为“当……时候”， 此时while相当于during the time that..., 从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词的进行时或状态动词， 不可用短暂性动词。
◆I learnt a lot of French while I was in Paris.
在巴黎时我学了很多法语。
单句语法填空
1．Although/Though our football team failed in the match, we did our best.
2．(2019·深圳中学高一月考)—Would you like to go to a movie tonight?
—I’d like to, but I’m busy preparing for the final examination.
3．Please keep still while I am taking photos for you.
4．(2019·浙江金华一中高一期中)We had thought the figures were correct. However,__ we found some errors when the plan was carried out.
5．We will have to finish the job, however long it takes.
6．I’m sorry, but Mr. Eric left the office just a few minutes ago.
7．Although/Though/While the job takes a great deal of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.
8．Girl though/as she is, she is much naughtier than a boy.
9．(四川卷)At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
10．①Although/Though he likes drawing, his parents don’t allow him to learn it.
②He likes drawing, but his parents don’t allow him to learn it.
③He likes drawing, however,__his parents don’t allow him to learn it.
单句改错
1．If you have a strong will, you can get over any difficulty, whatever great it is.whatever→however
2．Although the Internet is of great help, but I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.but→yet或去掉but
3．Some people waste lots of food but others haven’t enough to eat. but→while
4．Much although he likes her, he does get angry with her sometimes.although→as/though
5．Sailing in rough weather can be very unpleasant. But, we found it exciting.But→However
语法与写作
1. 不管有多远，我今晚也要开车到那儿去。
However__far__it__is,__I intend to drive there tonight.
2. 我的房间很小，却很舒服。
My room is small; however,__it__is__comfortable．
3. 我喜欢唱歌，而妹妹喜欢跳舞。
I like singing, while__my__sister__likes__dancing．
4．尽管天气冷，可他仍继续工作。
Cold__as/though__it__was/Although__it__was__cold,__he went on working.
5．虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。
While/Though/Although__he__loves__his__students,__he is very strict with them.
课件24张PPT。Module 2 Developing and Developed CountrieswhileHoweverAlthoughHoweverbutAlthoughAlthough/ThoughbutwhileHoweverhoweverbutAlthough/Though/Whilethough/aswhileAlthough/Thoughbuthoweverwhatever→howeverbut→yet或去掉butbut→whilealthough→as/thoughBut→HoweverHowever far it ishoweverwhile my sister likes dancingit is comfortableCold as/though it was/Although it was coldWhile/Though/Although he loves his students本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放Section Ⅴ Writing
对比类说明文
文体感知
对比类说明文通常通过对两种或两种以上的不同事物，或者同一种事物的不同情况进行比较，从而得出结论。写对比类的文章，只要把两个事物描述清楚即可，但是需要注意描写的顺序。一般来说有两种顺序：第一种是分开描述两个事物，把其中一个写完之后，再写另一个；第二种是同时描述两个事物，就某一方面进行对比。
增分佳句
1．比较地理位置或历史(地位)：
①Shanghai is situated on the estuary of Yangtze River of China while Hong Kong is located on the eastern side of the Pearl River Delta.
②...is an old city with a long history, while...is a relatively new city.
③Shanghai is the largest industrial city in China while Hong Kong is a global centre of trade.
2．比较人口、 面积、 交通等：
①There are more inhabitants in...than in..., so it is more crowded in...
②Hong Kong has a total area of...which is slightly larger than that of Shanghai.
③In terms of area/population，...is twice (three times...) as...as...
④The means of transport in...is..., while in..., it depends mostly on...
⑤Compared with..., ...is more...than...in...
3．列举相同点：
①In spite of these differences, both cities share many similarities, for example, ...
②Both cities are famous for...
③The two cities are similar to each other in...
4．其他常用句式：
①If we compare the two cities, we can find both differences and similarities.
②The climate of Beijing is better than that of London.
③In addition, they are both capital cities, which makes them famous in the world.
写作模板
Nowadays, the influence of____________proves to be great. Different people have different opinions about ____________．(引出话题与对比)
People in favour of____________always provide the following evidence. Firstly，____________. Secondly，____________. Finally，____________．(偏爱某一现象的理由)
But a lot of people don’t think so. They think____________．In the first place____________. At the same time____________．(支持另一现象的理由)
In short, I agree that____________．(明确自己的观点)
写作要求
假如你是李华，在英国伦敦深造已经一年了，现在用英语给国内的好友李明写一封100词左右的电子邮件，谈一谈伦敦与北京的异同。
要点如下：
伦敦：汽车靠左行；很多人开车上班；阴天多；每周工作五天；懂汉语的人少；学生学习轻松。
北京：汽车靠右行；多数人乘公交车或地铁上班；晴天多；每周工作五天；懂英语的人多；学生学习勤奋。
审题谋篇
体裁
说明文
时态
一般现在时
主题
介绍伦敦与北京的异同
人称
第三人称
结构
首段：引出写信的目的；
中段：介绍伦敦与北京的异同；
尾段：表示祝福
词汇推敲
1．深造further__study
2．在左/右边on__the__left/right__side
3．比……更好be__better__than
4．正如just__as
5．充分利用make__full/good__use__of
6．努力学习work__hard__at__one’s__lessons
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①自从我来伦敦深造已经一年了。
I came to London a year ago for__further__study．
②这里很多人开车上班。而在北京，多数人乘公交车或地铁上班。
Many people here go to work by__car．However, most people in Beijing go to work by__bus__or__by__underground．
2．句式升级
③用since引导时间状语从句升级句①
It__is__a__year__since__I__came__to__London__for__further__study.
④用并列连词while升级句②
Many__people__here__go__to__work__by__car__while__most__people__in__Beijing__go__to__work__by__bus__or__by__underground．
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Li Ming,
How time flies! It is a year since I came to London for further study. Now I want to tell you some differences between London and Beijing.
Here cars are driven on the left side of the road, but in our country on the right side. Many people here go to work by car while most people in Beijing go to work by bus or by underground. The climate of Beijing is better than that of London. The weather in Beijing is fine for long periods, but London has so many cloudy days. Workers here work five days a week just as in Beijing. Students here don’t have much pressure on their study and very few people know Chinese. Students in Beijing work hard at their lessons and many people can speak English.
That’s all.Best wishes to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
根据下表所提供的信息， 请用英语写一篇短文， 介绍世界上两个主要的发展中国家的异同。
异同点
国家
China
India
不同点
地理位置
亚洲东部
亚洲南部
官方语言
汉语
英语
首都
北京
新德里(New Delhi)
人口
人口最多的国
家， 13多亿人
人口第二多的
国家， 12多亿人
面积
960万平方千米
298万平方千米
相同点
都有5 000多年历史， 面临许多挑战
注意： 1.对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；
2．词数： 100左右。
参考词汇： 特性；特征 characteristic
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Both China and India are the main developing countries in the world.Located in East Asia, China is the largest developing country with Beijing as its capital, covering an area of 9.6 million square kilometers. Its official language is Chinese, which has the largest number of speakers in the world.And the population of China is over 1.3 billion, ranking first of all.
India lies in South Asia and covers an area of about 2.98 million square kilometers with New Delhi as its capital. Its official language is English. Besides, India has the second largest number of population, over 1.2 billion.
They are both developing countries with a long history of over 5，000 years. And now, they are faced with many new challenges.
单句语法填空
1．My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, although he’s in his nineties.
2．I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn’t want to spend all day with her.
3．He knew all his friends would be there, he didn’t want to go, though/however．
4．However rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money.
5．Poor though/as they are, they are warm-hearted and ready to help people who are in trouble.
6．She was surprised when someone stared at her, so she said, “I’m sorry, but I don’t think I know you.”
7．In some places, women work outside while men raise their children at home.
8．He drove very fast to the airport, but he missed the plane.
9．Although/Though/While he is young, he has a good knowledge of music.
10．While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
阅读理解
Meeting people from another culture can be difficult.From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal.Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize(强调) the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree.For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust.Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”， usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job.In many European countries—like the UK or France —people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafés rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.I once made a speech in Thailand.I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead, there was an uncomfortable silence.The people present just stared at me and smiled.After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much.In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems.Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly.We think that they are rude.In fact, this is just because the culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other.However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment(多元文化环境) will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
【解题导语】 随着全球化的加快，世界形成了一个多文化圈，不同国家的文化不尽相同，面对这些国家，我们应该了解它们的文化背景。
1．In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to________．
A．develop closer relations
B．share the same culture
C．get to know each other
D．keep each other company
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafés rather than at the office可以选择出A项。
2．The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that ________．
A．the English prefer to make long speeches
B．too many words are of no use
C．people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature
D．even talk and silence can be culturally different
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.I once made a speech in Thailand...可以看出作者说自己在泰国的经历是为了说明该段的主题句Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.。
3．According to the text, how can people from different cultures understand each other better?
A．By sharing different ways of life.
B．By accepting different habits.
C．By recognizing different values.
D．By speaking each other’s languages.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other.However, if we can understand them better，...可以直接选择出C项。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Multicultural Environment
B．Cross-Cultural Differences
C．How to Understand Each Other
D．How to Build Up a Relationship
B 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了不同文化之间的差异，以及要加强不同文化之间的相互理解和认识。故Cross-Cultural Differences作标题比较合适。
语法填空
When I left for the United States to study, I had butterflies in my stomach. I was nervous because I was going to 1.____________ new place with new people and new customs. I couldn’t even understand 2.____________(they) language. Everything was different 3.____________ my own country. There was nobody that I could talk to.I just had my husband, 4.____________ was a new person for me, too.
It was a sad moment when I had to say goodbye to my family and friends.I didn’t want 5.____________(leave) my hometown because I 6.____________(grow) up there and had wonderful 7.____________(memory) of the place. So, 8.____________(think) about all these changes made me nervous and I was 9.____________(worry) about my new life. But studying abroad was a decision that I made myself.I had to continue and accept the challenge.I looked forward to 10.____________(visit) my family in the summer vacation.
【解题导语】 作者讲述了初到美国学习的感受和经历。
1.a 解析：考查冠词。此处指去一个新地方，表示泛指，故填a。
2.their 解析：考查代词。此处修饰名词language指“他们的语言”，用物主代词，故填their。
3.from 解析：考查固定短语。be different from“和……不同”，此处指遇到的一切和自己的国家都不同。故填from。
4.who 解析：考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是husband指人，在定语从句中作主语，故填who。
5．to leave 解析：考查动词不定式。want to do sth.“想要做某事”，动词用不定式，故填to leave。
6．grew 解析：考查时态。文章叙述的是过去发生的事，故用过去时。故填grew。
7．memories 解析：考查名词。memory是可数名词，此处指“很多美好的回忆”用复数，故填memories。
8．thinking 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：所以一想到这些变化我就很紧张，很担心我的新生活。此处是动名词作主语，故填thinking。
9．worried 解析：考查形容词。用于系动词was后用形容词作表语，be worried about“担心……”，故填worried。
10．visiting 解析：考查动词形式。look forward to“期望”中的to是介词，后面加动词的-ing形式，故填visiting。
短文改错
The person who has taught me the most about life are my grandmother. My parents did a lot of travelling where I was younger, so I spent a couple of my school holiday with her. She was more than just a grandmother to me and when she died a few years ago I felt I had lose a really good friend. She was such a thoughtfully person. She knew how much I missed my parents but she did everything she could make me feel at home. She was also really imaginative and spent hours tell me stories that she had made up with. I’m sure it was because of her that I become a writer.
答案：
The person who has taught me the most about life my grandmother. My parents did a lot of travelling I was younger, so I spent a couple of my school with her. She was more than just a grandmother to me and when she died a few years ago I felt I had a really good friend. She was such a person. She knew how much I missed my parents she did everything she could make me feel at home. She was also really imaginative and spent hours me stories that she had made up . I’m sure it was because of her that I a writer.
书面表达
请根据下表内容写一篇比较上海和北京这两座城市的英语短文。
上海
北京
华东，位于长江入海口处
中国的东北部
2 400多万人口
2 100多万人口
冬天稍冷，夏天闷热
冬天寒冷，夏天凉爽
现代化城市，高楼林立
古老的城市，古建筑和宫殿
注意：词数100左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Both Beijing and Shanghai are famous cities in China. Shanghai, situated at the mouth of the Yangtze River, is a city of eastern China while Beijing is in the northeast.And Beijing is the capital of China，which has a population of more than 21 million. Shanghai has a population of over 24 million. The weather in Beijing in winter and spring is colder than that in Shanghai.But in summer, it is cooler in Beijing than that in Shanghai.Beijing，which has a long history, is an ancient city with a lot of old buildings and has many places of interest, such as the Summer Palace and the Imperial Palace.Shanghai is a modern city with a lot of high buildings.
课件22张PPT。Module 2 Developing and Developed Countriesfurther studyon the left/right sidebe better thanjust asmake full/good use ofwork hard at one’s lessonsfor further studyby carby bus or by underground本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, although he’s in his nineties.
2．I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn’t want to spend all day with her.
3．He knew all his friends would be there, he didn’t want to go, though/however．
4．However rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money.
5．Poor though/as they are, they are warm-hearted and ready to help people who are in trouble.
6．She was surprised when someone stared at her, so she said, “I’m sorry, but I don’t think I know you.”
7．In some places, women work outside while men raise their children at home.
8．He drove very fast to the airport, but he missed the plane.
9．Although/Though/While he is young, he has a good knowledge of music.
10．While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
阅读理解
Meeting people from another culture can be difficult.From the beginning, people may send the wrong signal.Or they may pay no attention to signals from another person who is trying to develop a relationship.
Different cultures emphasize(强调) the importance of relationship building to a greater or lesser degree.For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust.Even with people at work, it is necessary to spend a lot of time in “small talk”， usually over a glass of tea, before they do any job.In many European countries—like the UK or France —people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafés rather than at the office.
Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.I once made a speech in Thailand.I had expected my speech to be a success and start a lively discussion; instead, there was an uncomfortable silence.The people present just stared at me and smiled.After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much.In my own culture, we express meaning mainly through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are unnecessary.
Even within Northern Europe, cultural differences can cause serious problems.Certainly, English and German cultures share similar values; however, Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly.We think that they are rude.In fact, this is just because the culture starts discussions and makes decisions more quickly.
People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other.However, if we can understand them better, a multicultural environment(多元文化环境) will offer a wonderful chance for us to learn from each other.
【解题导语】 随着全球化的加快，世界形成了一个多文化圈，不同国家的文化不尽相同，面对这些国家，我们应该了解它们的文化背景。
1．In some countries, eating together at restaurants may make it easier for people to________．
A．develop closer relations
B．share the same culture
C．get to know each other
D．keep each other company
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的people find it easier to build up a lasting working relationship at restaurants or cafés rather than at the office可以选择出A项。
2．The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that ________．
A．the English prefer to make long speeches
B．too many words are of no use
C．people from Thailand are quiet and shy by nature
D．even talk and silence can be culturally different
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.I once made a speech in Thailand...可以看出作者说自己在泰国的经历是为了说明该段的主题句Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.。
3．According to the text, how can people from different cultures understand each other better?
A．By sharing different ways of life.
B．By accepting different habits.
C．By recognizing different values.
D．By speaking each other’s languages.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的People from different parts of the world have different values, and sometimes these values are quite against each other.However, if we can understand them better，...可以直接选择出C项。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Multicultural Environment
B．Cross-Cultural Differences
C．How to Understand Each Other
D．How to Build Up a Relationship
B 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了不同文化之间的差异，以及要加强不同文化之间的相互理解和认识。故Cross-Cultural Differences作标题比较合适。
语法填空
When I left for the United States to study, I had butterflies in my stomach. I was nervous because I was going to 1.____________ new place with new people and new customs. I couldn’t even understand 2.____________(they) language. Everything was different 3.____________ my own country. There was nobody that I could talk to.I just had my husband, 4.____________ was a new person for me, too.
It was a sad moment when I had to say goodbye to my family and friends.I didn’t want 5.____________(leave) my hometown because I 6.____________(grow) up there and had wonderful 7.____________(memory) of the place. So, 8.____________(think) about all these changes made me nervous and I was 9.____________(worry) about my new life. But studying abroad was a decision that I made myself.I had to continue and accept the challenge.I looked forward to 10.____________(visit) my family in the summer vacation.
【解题导语】 作者讲述了初到美国学习的感受和经历。
1.a 解析：考查冠词。此处指去一个新地方，表示泛指，故填a。
2.their 解析：考查代词。此处修饰名词language指“他们的语言”，用物主代词，故填their。
3.from 解析：考查固定短语。be different from“和……不同”，此处指遇到的一切和自己的国家都不同。故填from。
4.who 解析：考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是husband指人，在定语从句中作主语，故填who。
5．to leave 解析：考查动词不定式。want to do sth.“想要做某事”，动词用不定式，故填to leave。
6．grew 解析：考查时态。文章叙述的是过去发生的事，故用过去时。故填grew。
7．memories 解析：考查名词。memory是可数名词，此处指“很多美好的回忆”用复数，故填memories。
8．thinking 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：所以一想到这些变化我就很紧张，很担心我的新生活。此处是动名词作主语，故填thinking。
9．worried 解析：考查形容词。用于系动词was后用形容词作表语，be worried about“担心……”，故填worried。
10．visiting 解析：考查动词形式。look forward to“期望”中的to是介词，后面加动词的-ing形式，故填visiting。
短文改错
The person who has taught me the most about life are my grandmother. My parents did a lot of travelling where I was younger, so I spent a couple of my school holiday with her. She was more than just a grandmother to me and when she died a few years ago I felt I had lose a really good friend. She was such a thoughtfully person. She knew how much I missed my parents but she did everything she could make me feel at home. She was also really imaginative and spent hours tell me stories that she had made up with. I’m sure it was because of her that I become a writer.
答案：
The person who has taught me the most about life my grandmother. My parents did a lot of travelling I was younger, so I spent a couple of my school with her. She was more than just a grandmother to me and when she died a few years ago I felt I had a really good friend. She was such a person. She knew how much I missed my parents she did everything she could make me feel at home. She was also really imaginative and spent hours me stories that she had made up . I’m sure it was because of her that I a writer.
书面表达
请根据下表内容写一篇比较上海和北京这两座城市的英语短文。
上海
北京
华东，位于长江入海口处
中国的东北部
2 400多万人口
2 100多万人口
冬天稍冷，夏天闷热
冬天寒冷，夏天凉爽
现代化城市，高楼林立
古老的城市，古建筑和宫殿
注意：词数100左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Both Beijing and Shanghai are famous cities in China. Shanghai, situated at the mouth of the Yangtze River, is a city of eastern China while Beijing is in the northeast.And Beijing is the capital of China，which has a population of more than 21 million. Shanghai has a population of over 24 million. The weather in Beijing in winter and spring is colder than that in Shanghai.But in summer, it is cooler in Beijing than that in Shanghai.Beijing，which has a long history, is an ancient city with a lot of old buildings and has many places of interest, such as the Summer Palace and the Imperial Palace.Shanghai is a modern city with a lot of high buildings.
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.①It is hard to__measure(measure) his ability when we haven’t seen his work.
②It is high time that we should take some measures to__protect(protect) our environment.
2.We are now in a good position where all is in our hands.
3.①Last night he saw two dark figures(figure) enter the building, and then there was the explosion.
②I can’t figure out why she said that in an unfriendly way.
③She goes jogging around the park every morning in an effort to keep__her__figure(保持身材).
4.①You can exchange your pounds for dollars in the hotel.
②I exchanged a few words with the boss after the meeting.
③I would like to give you my toy dog in__exchange__for(交换) your cartoon book.
5.The two pictures are similar and it’s easy to find many similarities between them. Similarly,__you can also find some differences.(similar)
6.With the development of economy, people’s lives are becoming better and better.However, China is different from America, which is a developed country.China is still a developing country.Therefore, we should study hard to make our country more powerful.(develop)
7.The river in my hometown has been polluted by the waste from some local factories. The polluted water has destroyed the crops and caused many diseases, so the public are strongly calling on the government to stop the factories polluting the water and take measures to deal with the pollution. (pollute)
8.The future belongs to people who are well educated,__so education is of great importance to us.(educate)
阅读词汇排查练
1.index n． 指数
2.expectancy n. (根据概率得出的)预期数额
3.household n. 一家人；家庭
4.charity n． 慈善团体
5.inhabitant n. 居民
6.tourism n. 旅游业
7.industrial adj. 工业的
8.vast adj. 巨大的；庞大的；浩瀚的
重点短语
会书写
1.up__to 到达；直到；由……决定
2.at__the__top__of 在……顶端
3.at__the__bottom__of 在……底部
4.make__efforts 努力
5.make__progress 取得进步
6.be__connected__with 与……有联系；与……有关
7.be__close__to 接近；靠近
8.take__measures 采取措施
9.in__particular 尤其；特别
会应用
1.In the beginning, Tom was poor in his studies, English in__particular. However, he made__efforts to catch up with others, and made__progress little by little.
2.Health problems are__connected__with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
3.When and where the meeting is to be held is up__to our headmaster.
4.They call on people and the government to take__measures to fight against pollution.
重点句型
1.while作并列连词
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。
He likes pop music, while__I__am__fond__of__folk__music.
2.be＋of＋名词
这两个可爱的孩子年龄相同，但身高不同。
The two lovely children are of__the__same__age,__but are of__different__heights.
单元语法
1．Actually, I struggled to talk with this lady a few weeks ago but she can’t speak English.
2．(安徽卷)Queen ElizabethⅡis often thought to be the richest woman in the world. However，her personal wealth seems rather small.
3．She, although/though in poor health, continued to carry out her duties.
4．Although/While he was the last man I wanted to see, I did all in my power to help him.
5．However difficult the task may be, we will try our best to complete it on time. 话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．该地区仍有一些家庭收入很低，生活在贫困之中。 (income; poverty)
2．他们渴望幸福的生活。 (be hungry for)
3．政府正在采取措施改变他们的生活。 (take measures)
4．首先，所有的孩子都能受到教育。其次，政府努力促进经济的发展，如发展旅游业。 (educate; make efforts; development; tourism)
5．我认为，人们都会达到或接近富裕的生活水平。 (figure; be close to)
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One possible version：
Some households still have a low income and live in poverty in this region. They are hungry for a happy life. The government is taking measures to change their life. First, all the children should be educated. Second, the government has made efforts to improve the development of economy greatly, for example, developing the tourism. I figure that people will reach or be close to a well-off standard of living.
课件13张PPT。Module 2 Developing and Developed Countriesto measureto protectinwherefiguresout keep her figureforwithin exchange forsimilarsimilaritiesSimilarlydevelopment developeddevelopingpollutedpollutedpollutingpollutioneducatededucation指数(根据概率得出的)预期数额一家人；家庭慈善团体居民旅游业工业的巨大的；庞大的；浩瀚的up toat the top ofat the bottom ofmake effortsmake progressbe connected withbe close totake measuresin particularin particularmade effortsmade progressare connected withup totake measureswhile I am fond of folk musicof the same ageof different heightsbutHoweveralthough/thoughAlthough/WhileHowever本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
