“沙暴”和“沙尘暴”是同义词。它是指强风将地面上的大量沙尘卷入空中，使空气特别浑浊，水平能见度低于1 000米的天气现象。在古今中外的历史上有哪些严重或恐怖的沙尘暴呢？
How often do you think about sandstorms? Maybe not very often. But here we are going to see a few famous sandstorms out of many throughout history.
Australia, September 22nd, 2009
This one was cruel because it made Australia look like another planet in an entire week. It looked like that the photos documenting the sandstorm were edited by someone who was severely color blind. The entire southern continent was painted orange-red, but people still tried to go about their day as if 5 million tons of dust hadn’t blown through their respiratory system(呼吸系统)．
Pakistan, July 4th, 2007
On this day, a sandstorm swept through the nation and shocked everyone with its hazy blinding sheets of sand. Everyone thought it’d be over within a day. However, it poured for several days, displacing homes and flooding people to death. Temperatures ranged from 131 F during the day to 30 F at night and about 200 people died due to this sandstorm.
North America, 1930－1935
Farmers were very disappointed about this one. During the 1930s, North American regions from New Mexico to Saskatchewan underwent serious sandstorms before World War Ⅱ. This was known as“The Dust Bowl” and it struck right around the time of the Great Depression. If you ask your elderly friends about it, they’ll probably have something interesting to say. Let me give you an idea of how exhausting and annoying the sandstorm was: winds reached up to 60 mph, and it lasted for FIVE YEARS.
Niya, China, 400 AD
Niya, believed to have flourished from the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD, has remained the best preserved and one of the largest ruins of the city states that were scattered along the ancient Silk Road about 1，500 years ago. The sandstorm was so cruel that it completely buried this particular region of Western China. It is actually regarded as “Pompeii of the Silk Road.”Another interesting thing to note was that they found white people mummified(使成木乃伊)by this particular sandstorm.
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Comprehending
,
重点单词
写作词汇
1.mass adj. 大量的；大规模的
2.campaign n. 战役；活动
3.process n. 进程；过程
4.citizen n． 公民；市民
5.forecast vt. 预报；预告
拓展词汇
6.frightening adj.吓人的；可怕的→fright n．害怕；恐惧→frighten vt.使害怕→frightened adj.害怕的
7.dust n．沙尘；灰尘→dusty adj.满是灰尘的
8.strength n．力量；力气→strengthen vt.加强→strong adj.坚强的；强壮的→strongly adv.强有力地；坚强地
阅读词汇
9.sandstorm n． 沙尘暴
10.inland adj. 内地的；内陆的
11.dune n. 沙丘
12.desertification n． (土地的)沙漠化
13.cycle vi. 骑自行车
14.mask n. 面罩
重点短语
1.cut__down 砍倒
2.be/get__caught__in 突然遭遇(风暴等)
3.as__a__result__of 由于
4.wake__up__to 认识到，意识到
5.prevent__sb.from__doing__sth. 阻止某人做某事
6.one__after__another 一个接一个地
重点句型
1.so＋adj./adv.＋that...如此……以至于……：They are often so__thick__that__you__cannot__see__the__sun(密集得遮天蔽日), and the wind is sometimes strong enough to move sand dunes.
2.动词不定式作主语：To__have__been__caught__in__a__sandstorm(被围困在沙尘暴中) was a terrible experience.
3.appear to do/to have done sth.(＝It appears that...)似乎要做/似乎已经做过某事：Sandstorms in China appear__to__have__increased(好像增加了) in recent years as a result of “desertification”.
4.make it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.(it是形式宾语， 形容词或名词作宾补， 不定式是真正的宾语)：The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes__it__difficult__to__see(使能见度很低).
5.不定式作目的状语：To__prevent__it__coming__nearer(为了阻止它越来越靠近), the government is planting trees.
Read the text and match the main idea of each paragraph.
1．Para.1 A．Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing.
2．Para.2 B．Sandstorms do a lot of damage to people.
3．Para.3 C．The government plants trees to prevent sandstorms.
4．Para.4 D．Sandstorms have been a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries.
5．Para.5 E．Sandstorms in Asia.
6．Para.6 F．Sandstorms in China appear to have increased as a result of “desertification”．
答案：1－6.DEFABC
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．What is the best description about a sandstorm according to the passage?
A．It is a major disaster for many Asian countries for centuries.
B．It’s strong wind carrying sand.
C．It is a way to cause land to become desert.
D．It’s a kind of natural disaster that can’t be treated.
2．What is the main reason for the increase of sandstorm in China recently?
A．To be close to many deserts.
B．The worsening of the weather in China.
C．The result of desertification.
D．People cutting down trees and digging up grass.
3．What is the good suggestion when people meet sandstorm?
A．Not going out.
B．If you go out, just wear thick clothes.
C．When going out, wear a mask.
D．Never go out, just stay at home.
4．What is the best way to avoid the effects from the sandstorm?
A．Living far away from deserts.
B．Staying at home when a sandstorm happens.
C．Wearing a mask if you want to go out.
D．Planting more trees.
答案：1－4.BCCD
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.
[翻译] 这(沙漠化)是一个由于气候变化和人类砍伐树木、铲除草皮而使陆地变成沙漠的过程。
2．The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see.
[翻译] 这种沙尘暴有时持续一整天，车辆开得很慢，因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。
3．The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing, but the strength of the storm sometimes surprises people.
[翻译] 中国中央气象局能在沙尘暴到达北京前几个周进行预报，但沙尘暴的力量有时很惊人。
,
①sandstorm['s?nd?st??m]n.沙尘暴
②major['meId??]adj.主要的；
多数的
③mass[m?s]adj.大量的；大规模的
④campaign[k?m'peIn]n.战役；活动
⑤enough adv.足够；充分
enough作副词时，放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。
⑥dune[dju?n]n.沙丘
⑦as prep.作为，此处表示在某一年龄段时。
⑧be caught in突然遭遇(风暴等)
⑨There was nothing to be done.一点儿办法也没有/什么也干不了。
survive v．幸存；活命
?appear link v．看上去；似乎，此处运用了appear to do的完成式，表动作的完成。
?desertification[de?z??tIfI'keI?n]n.(土地的)沙漠化
?process['pr??ses]n.进程；过程
in the process of (doing) sth.
在(做)某事的过程中
?cut down砍倒
?dig up掘出，挖到
?citizen['sItIzn]n.公民；市民
?wake up to意识到；认识到
?dust[d?st]n.沙尘；灰尘
?forecast['f??kɑ?st]vt.预报；预告
其过去式、过去分词为forecast，forecast或forecasted，forecasted。
?strength[stre?θ]n.力量；力气
advise sb.(not) to do sth.建议某人(不)做某事
cycle['saIkl]vi.骑自行车
breathe v．呼吸
breath n．呼吸
had better最好
had better后接不带to的动词不定式。
mask[mɑ?sk]n.面罩
continue doing sth.与continue to do sth.用法基本相同，表示“继续做某事”。
Sandstorms①in Asia
Sandstorms have been a major②disaster for many Asian countries for centuries.Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China，a mass③ campaign④has been started to help solve it.
◆动词不定式短语to solve this problem作状语，表示目的。
Sandstorms are strong，dry winds that carry sand．They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun，and the wind is sometimes strong enough⑤to move sand dunes⑥.The four main places in the world where there are sandstorms are Central Asia，North America，Central Africa and Australia.Ren Jianbo，from Inner Mongolia described a terrible sandstorm he experienced as⑦ a child in the desert.“To have been caught in⑧ a sandstorm was a terrible experience，”he said.“There was nothing to be done⑨.It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I’ve ever been in. You just had to hope you’d survive.I thought I was going to disappear under the sand.”
◆that carry sand是定语从句，修饰winds，that在从句中作主语。
◆so...that...如此……以至于……，that引导结果状语从句。
◆where there are sandstorms是定语从句，修饰The four main places，where在从句中作地点状语。
◆he experienced是定语从句，修饰sandstorm，从句中省略了作宾语的关系代词which或that。
◆To have been caught in a sandstorm是动词不定式的完成式作主语。
◆I’ve ever been in是定语从句，修饰situation。引导词that或which作介词in的宾语，所以省略了。
Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia.Sandstorms begin in desert areas.Sandstorms in China appear? to have increased in recent years as a result of “desertification?”．This is a process?that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down?trees and dig up?grass.
Sandstorms sometimes affect Beijing.Citizens? wake up to?an orange sky and strong winds that cover the city in a thick，brown-yellow dust?.The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see．
◆定语从句that cover the city...修饰winds，that在从句中作主语。
◆makes it difficult to see中，it是形式宾语。此处是“make＋形式宾语＋宾补＋真正的宾语”句式。
The Chinese Central Weather Station can forecast? a sandstorm some weeks before it arrives in Beijing，but the strength?of the storm sometimes surprises people.When a sandstorm arrives in the city，weather experts advise people not to go out.Huang Xiaomei，who lives in Beijing says，“To be cyclingin a sandstorm is frightening.The winds are very strong.It’s difficult to breatheand the dust makes me ill.So if you want to go out，you’d betterB24wear a mask.”
◆who lives in Beijing是定语从句，修饰Huang Xiaomei。
◆动词不定式的进行式To be cycling in a sandstorm作主语，此时谓语动词用单数形式。
The desert is only 250 kilometres away to the west of Beijing.To prevent it coming nearer，the government is planting trees.Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to continue plantingfor the next five years.
◆To prevent it coming nearer作目的状语。其中运用了prevent sb./sth.(from) doing sth.结构，表示“阻止某人/某物做某事”，from可以省略。
亚洲的沙尘暴
几百年以来，沙尘暴一直是许多亚洲国家面临的一个主要灾难。科学家们已尝试过许多方法解决这个问题，在中国，一场大规模帮助解决沙尘暴问题的行动已经开始了。
沙尘暴是夹带沙尘的强烈而干燥的风。沙尘暴夹带的沙尘含量常常很大，可以遮天蔽日。有时风力强大到可以移动沙丘。世界上沙尘暴发生的四个主要地区是中亚、北美、中非和澳大利亚。来自内蒙古的任建波是这样来描述他小时候在沙漠中遭遇的一次可怕的沙尘暴的：他说：“被困在沙尘暴中的经历真是太可怕了。你一点儿办法也没有。那是我遭遇过的最可怕、最危险的境况。你只能希望自己会活下来。那时候我以为我要被沙子淹没了。”
中国的西北地区是中亚沙尘暴中心的一部分。沙尘暴发源于沙漠地区。近些年来沙漠化导致的沙尘暴在中国似乎有所增加。这(沙漠化)是一个由于气候变化和人类砍伐树木、铲除草皮而使陆地变成沙漠的过程。
沙尘暴有时候会影响北京。居民醒来时，看到昏黄的天空，狂风夹着厚厚的黄褐色灰尘在城里肆虐。这种沙尘暴有时持续一整天，车辆开得很慢，因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。
中国中央气象局能在沙尘暴到达北京前几个周进行预报，但沙尘暴的力量有时很惊人。当沙尘暴到达这个城市时，气象专家建议人们不要外出。家住北京的黄小梅说：“在沙尘暴中骑自行车真可怕。风力很强，呼吸困难，沙尘使我很难受。因此，如果你想外出的话，你最好戴个口罩。”
沙漠离北京西部只有250千米远。为阻止沙漠的逼近，政府正在植树。政府已经种植了300多亿棵树，并准备在未来的5年里继续种植。
阅读理解
A
As most people know, in the past few years, sandstorms have swept across many cities and areas of North China, polluting the air and disturbing daily lives of human beings. People look dirty and suffer many kinds of illnesses, such as breath difficulty. The sandstorm is such a serious problem that it has not only undermined the industrial and agricultural development of our country but also caused a lot of trouble to the living conditions of the Chinese people. It is expected that effective(有效的) measures should be taken as soon as possible through our joint efforts to limit its occurrence.
So what should we do with the frightening sandstorms? Some experts put forward practical suggestions as follows: For one thing, more funds(基金) ought to be put into tree planting and forest protection so as to keep more water resources within the surface of the earth. For another, governments of all countries should make laws on environmental protection. For example, banning the use of throw-away chopsticks and punishing illegal tree cutting. Scientists should also study and find ways to cut down the degree of its destruction and to improve the whole environment.
How people look forward to sunny days with little breeze(微风) touching their faces now and forever! Nevertheless, I am fully confident that the golden days can come back so long as everyone tries his best to protect natural environment from today on.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了沙尘暴对我们的工农业和生活的影响，分析了我们能够采取的多种措施。
1．The underlined word “undermined” in Paragraph 1 means ________．
A．weakened B．encouraged
C．kept D．made
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，沙尘暴不仅仅“削弱”了工农业的发展，还带来很多生活方面的困难，故选A项。
2．From the first paragraph, we can infer ________．
A．China has taken no measures to prevent sandstorms
B．sandstorms can cause much damage to human beings and their daily lives
C．the sandstorm is the most dangerous natural disaster to human beings
D．more sandstorms will happen in the near future in North China
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“but also caused a lot of trouble to the living conditions of the Chinese people”说明沙尘暴会给人们的生活带来很多的麻烦，故B项正确。
3．How many ways do some experts put forward to fight against sandstorms?
A．5. B．4.
C．3. D．2.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“For one thing, more funds(基金) ought to...”和“For another, governments of all countries should make laws on environmental protection.”以及“Scientists should also study and find ways to cut down the degree of its destruction and to improve the whole environment.”说明文章中提出了3种方法，故C项正确。
4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the situation to sandstorms’ problems?
A．Unconfident. B．Optimistic.
C．Regretful. D．Satisfied.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“I am fully confident that the... environment from today on”说明作者很有信心。故B项正确。
B
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is believed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸) has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 26 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six week period in July and August 2003, more than 11，400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脱水) and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放).
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”， which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is one of the fastest growing cities on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20cm within the next century.
An estimated 250, 000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coal-fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
【解题导语】 近年来全球自然灾害的数量剧增， 据预测， 在将来， 全球变暖， 气候变化将会导致更多的灾难。让我们看一看世界上的大城市将会面临什么样的灾难。
5．What problem should be settled now in London?
A．How to protect the city’s property.
B．Where to build its flood defences.
C．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.
D．How to improve the fun_ction of the old flood defences.
D 解析：推理判断题。由“London”部分的首句可知， 伦敦防水设施正在老化， 可推知D项正确。
6．Which of the following measures can’t solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?
A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.
B．Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.
C．Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”.
D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第六段的．..encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”可知是鼓励设计“Flower Tower”式的建筑物而不是禁止。
7．The purpose of the passage is________.
A．to tell us how to protect the big cities
B．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters
C．to explain what causes flood and heat waves
D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities
D 解析：写作意图题。由文章第一段的Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves. 可知D项正确。
8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Big Cities Facing Big Disasters
B．Big Disasters in the Future
C．The Increase of Natural Disasters
D．Solutions to Natural Disasters
A 解析：标题归纳题。全文描述了世界各大城市将会面临的各种自然灾害， 故A项正确。
完形填空
I was said to be the worst student in my class, and my family thought I was hopeless. I had to__1__grade six. At that time a new teacher, Miss Sadia, came to our school.
One day after class, she__2__that I was staying alone during the lunch break. She came to me and began to talk to me. It was just a__3__conversation. After that day, she gave me particular__4__and it made me feel special(特别的)．I started to work hard because she gave me the feeling that__5__believed me, and my__6__started to improve(提高) in her subject.
Months later, she moved into a house near my__7__. We would walk home together after school. Her constant support helped me，__8__in my studies, as I knew she would__9__my grades both in her subject and the other subjects. I finally__10__second in my class.
Then, after grade six, she started to slowly drift away(疏远)__11__still kept a constant check on me. By the time I was in grade seven, we__12__spoke, but by then I had become the__13__in my class. When I left my school, I was__14__with her, as she never answered the__15__when I called her.
Then I graduated and went to a good university. One fine day, our paths(路)__16__again. I met her at a wedding. I could not__17__asking her, “Why did you stop talking to me? ”
“You are a clever boy. I wanted you to be a tree__18__on your own roots, not depending on(依靠) others. Now here you are and I feel__19__of you. You are your inspiration and do not need to__20__a shoulder，” she said.I could not say anything, but I smiled.I’ll always thank her.
【解题导语】 作者在小学时老师和家长认为他是个差等生，要他留级。这时遇到了Sadia老师，在她的帮助和鼓励下，作者取得很大进步。但是从此以后，Miss Sadia不再给他很多关注，直到毕业后的一次偶遇，他才知道了老师这样做的真正原因。
1．A.jump B．attend
C．copy D．repeat
D 解析：根据空前“I was said to be the worst student in my class, and my family thought I was hopeless.”可知老师和家长都认为“我”是差生，所以不得不留级，选D。
2．A.heard B．noticed
C．learned D．sensed
B 解析：根据下文可知一天下课后， 她注意到“我”一个人孤独地待着， 选B。notice注意到。
3．A.stupid B．useless
C．normal D．secret
C 解析：从上下文可知这只是很平常的谈话， 但是后来老师却格外注意“我”。normal正常的。
4．A.attention B．attraction
C．explanation D．examination
A 解析：根据空后内容可知“我”有一种不同的感觉， 由此判断老师对“我”特别关注， 故选A。attention注意； attraction吸引人的物； explanation解释； examination考试。
5．A.everyone B．someone
C．anyone D．nobody
B 解析：从上文可知老师对“我”特别关注， 所以作者感受到了来自别人的信任，选B。
6．A.words B．objects
C．classes D．grades
D 解析：根据文意可以推断作者在老师教的那科的成绩开始提高了，选D。
7．A.home B．school
C．hotel D．company
A 解析：根据空后“We would walk home together after school.”可知老师搬到了离“我”家很近的一所房子里。选A。
8．A.generally B．actually
C．especially D．usually
C 解析：根据句意她不断鼓励“我”，尤其在学业方面，由此推断选C。especially特别，尤其。
9．A.change B．look
C．improve D．check
D 解析：根据语境判断老师会检查他的学习情况，会查他各科的成绩，而且根据下文“still kept a constant check on me”内容也可以判断选D。change改变；look看；improve提高；check核实，检查。
10．A.received B．came
C．caught D．held
B 解析：固定短语： come second获得第二名。句意： 最后我获得班级第二名。选B。
11．A.but B．as
C．or D．so
A 解析：从前后句内容可知此处表示转折关系。句意： 老师开始慢慢地疏远我， 但是还是经常检查我的学习成绩， 选A。
12．A.ever B．often
C．once D．hardly
D 解析：从上文内容可知老师对作者渐渐疏远， 由此判断当“我”上七年级时，“我们”几乎就不交谈了， 故选D。
13．A.oldest B．strongest
C．best D．cleverest
C 解析：到那时，“我”已经成为班级最好的学生了， 故选C。
14．A.out of touch B．in common
C．out of reach D．in touch
A 解析：out of touch失去联系； in common共同的； out of reach够不着； in touch联系。根据情况的发展可知等“我”毕业以后， “我们”再也没有联系， 故选A。
15．A.road B．schoolyard
C．phone D．machine
C 解析：根据空后“when I called her”可知当“我”给她打电话时， 她从不接“我”的电话， 故选C。
16．A.separated B．formed
C．added D．crossed
D 解析：separate分离； form形成； add增加； cross交叉。根据作者的讲述可知作者和老师渐渐不再联系， 但是后来又在一次婚礼上相遇了， 两人相遇， 也就是两条路有了交叉， 由此判断选D。
17．A.finish B．help
C．prevent D．keep
B 解析：根据作者说的话可知“我”是情不自禁地问她“为什么不再和我说话”，选B。
18．A.standing B．flying
C．growing D．sitting
A 解析：从下文内容可知老师希望作者独立，要像一棵树一样，靠着自己的根站立着，而不是依赖于别人的帮助，故选A。
19．A.sad B．proud
C．good D．ashamed
B 解析：sad伤心的；proud自豪的；good好的；ashamed惭愧的。从上文内容可知作者成绩优秀，所以老师应该是为他自豪，故选B。
20．A.give up B．get on
C．look for D．take up
C 解析：give up放弃； get on进展； look for寻找； take up拿起。从老师说的话可知老师不希望他去依赖别人， 要靠自己的力量。look for a shoulder“依靠别人”， 故选C。
课件42张PPT。Module 4 Sandstorms in AsiaModule 4 Sandstorms in AsiaModule 4 Sandstorms in AsiaModule 4 Sandstorms in AsiaModule 4 Sandstorms in AsiaModule 4 Sandstorms in AsiaModule 4 Sandstorms in Asiamass campaignprocesscitizenforecastfrighteningduststrength沙尘暴内地的；内陆的沙丘(土地的)沙漠化骑自行车面罩cut downbe/get caught inas a result ofwake up toprevent sb.from doing sth.one after anotherso thick that you cannot see the sunTo have been caught in a sandstorm appear to have increasedmakes it difficult to seeTo prevent it coming nearer 本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
阅读理解
A
As most people know, in the past few years, sandstorms have swept across many cities and areas of North China, polluting the air and disturbing daily lives of human beings. People look dirty and suffer many kinds of illnesses, such as breath difficulty. The sandstorm is such a serious problem that it has not only undermined the industrial and agricultural development of our country but also caused a lot of trouble to the living conditions of the Chinese people. It is expected that effective(有效的) measures should be taken as soon as possible through our joint efforts to limit its occurrence.
So what should we do with the frightening sandstorms? Some experts put forward practical suggestions as follows: For one thing, more funds(基金) ought to be put into tree planting and forest protection so as to keep more water resources within the surface of the earth. For another, governments of all countries should make laws on environmental protection. For example, banning the use of throw-away chopsticks and punishing illegal tree cutting. Scientists should also study and find ways to cut down the degree of its destruction and to improve the whole environment.
How people look forward to sunny days with little breeze(微风) touching their faces now and forever! Nevertheless, I am fully confident that the golden days can come back so long as everyone tries his best to protect natural environment from today on.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了沙尘暴对我们的工农业和生活的影响，分析了我们能够采取的多种措施。
1．The underlined word “undermined” in Paragraph 1 means ________．
A．weakened B．encouraged
C．kept D．made
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，沙尘暴不仅仅“削弱”了工农业的发展，还带来很多生活方面的困难，故选A项。
2．From the first paragraph, we can infer ________．
A．China has taken no measures to prevent sandstorms
B．sandstorms can cause much damage to human beings and their daily lives
C．the sandstorm is the most dangerous natural disaster to human beings
D．more sandstorms will happen in the near future in North China
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“but also caused a lot of trouble to the living conditions of the Chinese people”说明沙尘暴会给人们的生活带来很多的麻烦，故B项正确。
3．How many ways do some experts put forward to fight against sandstorms?
A．5. B．4.
C．3. D．2.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“For one thing, more funds(基金) ought to...”和“For another, governments of all countries should make laws on environmental protection.”以及“Scientists should also study and find ways to cut down the degree of its destruction and to improve the whole environment.”说明文章中提出了3种方法，故C项正确。
4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the situation to sandstorms’ problems?
A．Unconfident. B．Optimistic.
C．Regretful. D．Satisfied.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“I am fully confident that the... environment from today on”说明作者很有信心。故B项正确。
B
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is believed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸) has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 26 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six week period in July and August 2003, more than 11，400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脱水) and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放).
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”， which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is one of the fastest growing cities on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20cm within the next century.
An estimated 250, 000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coal-fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
【解题导语】 近年来全球自然灾害的数量剧增， 据预测， 在将来， 全球变暖， 气候变化将会导致更多的灾难。让我们看一看世界上的大城市将会面临什么样的灾难。
5．What problem should be settled now in London?
A．How to protect the city’s property.
B．Where to build its flood defences.
C．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.
D．How to improve the fun_ction of the old flood defences.
D 解析：推理判断题。由“London”部分的首句可知， 伦敦防水设施正在老化， 可推知D项正确。
6．Which of the following measures can’t solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?
A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.
B．Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.
C．Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”.
D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第六段的．..encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”可知是鼓励设计“Flower Tower”式的建筑物而不是禁止。
7．The purpose of the passage is________.
A．to tell us how to protect the big cities
B．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters
C．to explain what causes flood and heat waves
D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities
D 解析：写作意图题。由文章第一段的Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves. 可知D项正确。
8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Big Cities Facing Big Disasters
B．Big Disasters in the Future
C．The Increase of Natural Disasters
D．Solutions to Natural Disasters
A 解析：标题归纳题。全文描述了世界各大城市将会面临的各种自然灾害， 故A项正确。
完形填空
I was said to be the worst student in my class, and my family thought I was hopeless. I had to__1__grade six. At that time a new teacher, Miss Sadia, came to our school.
One day after class, she__2__that I was staying alone during the lunch break. She came to me and began to talk to me. It was just a__3__conversation. After that day, she gave me particular__4__and it made me feel special(特别的)．I started to work hard because she gave me the feeling that__5__believed me, and my__6__started to improve(提高) in her subject.
Months later, she moved into a house near my__7__. We would walk home together after school. Her constant support helped me，__8__in my studies, as I knew she would__9__my grades both in her subject and the other subjects. I finally__10__second in my class.
Then, after grade six, she started to slowly drift away(疏远)__11__still kept a constant check on me. By the time I was in grade seven, we__12__spoke, but by then I had become the__13__in my class. When I left my school, I was__14__with her, as she never answered the__15__when I called her.
Then I graduated and went to a good university. One fine day, our paths(路)__16__again. I met her at a wedding. I could not__17__asking her, “Why did you stop talking to me? ”
“You are a clever boy. I wanted you to be a tree__18__on your own roots, not depending on(依靠) others. Now here you are and I feel__19__of you. You are your inspiration and do not need to__20__a shoulder，” she said.I could not say anything, but I smiled.I’ll always thank her.
【解题导语】 作者在小学时老师和家长认为他是个差等生，要他留级。这时遇到了Sadia老师，在她的帮助和鼓励下，作者取得很大进步。但是从此以后，Miss Sadia不再给他很多关注，直到毕业后的一次偶遇，他才知道了老师这样做的真正原因。
1．A.jump B．attend
C．copy D．repeat
D 解析：根据空前“I was said to be the worst student in my class, and my family thought I was hopeless.”可知老师和家长都认为“我”是差生，所以不得不留级，选D。
2．A.heard B．noticed
C．learned D．sensed
B 解析：根据下文可知一天下课后， 她注意到“我”一个人孤独地待着， 选B。notice注意到。
3．A.stupid B．useless
C．normal D．secret
C 解析：从上下文可知这只是很平常的谈话， 但是后来老师却格外注意“我”。normal正常的。
4．A.attention B．attraction
C．explanation D．examination
A 解析：根据空后内容可知“我”有一种不同的感觉， 由此判断老师对“我”特别关注， 故选A。attention注意； attraction吸引人的物； explanation解释； examination考试。
5．A.everyone B．someone
C．anyone D．nobody
B 解析：从上文可知老师对“我”特别关注， 所以作者感受到了来自别人的信任，选B。
6．A.words B．objects
C．classes D．grades
D 解析：根据文意可以推断作者在老师教的那科的成绩开始提高了，选D。
7．A.home B．school
C．hotel D．company
A 解析：根据空后“We would walk home together after school.”可知老师搬到了离“我”家很近的一所房子里。选A。
8．A.generally B．actually
C．especially D．usually
C 解析：根据句意她不断鼓励“我”，尤其在学业方面，由此推断选C。especially特别，尤其。
9．A.change B．look
C．improve D．check
D 解析：根据语境判断老师会检查他的学习情况，会查他各科的成绩，而且根据下文“still kept a constant check on me”内容也可以判断选D。change改变；look看；improve提高；check核实，检查。
10．A.received B．came
C．caught D．held
B 解析：固定短语： come second获得第二名。句意： 最后我获得班级第二名。选B。
11．A.but B．as
C．or D．so
A 解析：从前后句内容可知此处表示转折关系。句意： 老师开始慢慢地疏远我， 但是还是经常检查我的学习成绩， 选A。
12．A.ever B．often
C．once D．hardly
D 解析：从上文内容可知老师对作者渐渐疏远， 由此判断当“我”上七年级时，“我们”几乎就不交谈了， 故选D。
13．A.oldest B．strongest
C．best D．cleverest
C 解析：到那时，“我”已经成为班级最好的学生了， 故选C。
14．A.out of touch B．in common
C．out of reach D．in touch
A 解析：out of touch失去联系； in common共同的； out of reach够不着； in touch联系。根据情况的发展可知等“我”毕业以后， “我们”再也没有联系， 故选A。
15．A.road B．schoolyard
C．phone D．machine
C 解析：根据空后“when I called her”可知当“我”给她打电话时， 她从不接“我”的电话， 故选C。
16．A.separated B．formed
C．added D．crossed
D 解析：separate分离； form形成； add增加； cross交叉。根据作者的讲述可知作者和老师渐渐不再联系， 但是后来又在一次婚礼上相遇了， 两人相遇， 也就是两条路有了交叉， 由此判断选D。
17．A.finish B．help
C．prevent D．keep
B 解析：根据作者说的话可知“我”是情不自禁地问她“为什么不再和我说话”，选B。
18．A.standing B．flying
C．growing D．sitting
A 解析：从下文内容可知老师希望作者独立，要像一棵树一样，靠着自己的根站立着，而不是依赖于别人的帮助，故选A。
19．A.sad B．proud
C．good D．ashamed
B 解析：sad伤心的；proud自豪的；good好的；ashamed惭愧的。从上文内容可知作者成绩优秀，所以老师应该是为他自豪，故选B。
20．A.give up B．get on
C．look for D．take up
C 解析：give up放弃； get on进展； look for寻找； take up拿起。从老师说的话可知老师不希望他去依赖别人， 要靠自己的力量。look for a shoulder“依靠别人”， 故选C。
课件28张PPT。Module 4 Sandstorms in Asiafrighteningfrightenedfrightenedfrighteningfrightenedto gooffinoutdownCaughtcaughtBeing caughtcheatingstrengthstrengthsstrengthento dobuild up one’s strengthto haveto be gettingto have leftappears to have madeIt appears thatto travelitarguingI think it is a good habit to get up earlyI think it a good habit to get up early本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放Section Ⅲ Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
,
重点单词
写作词汇
1.atmosphere n． 大气；大气层
2.environment n. 环境
3.recycle v. 重新利用；再循环
4.evidence n． 根据；证明
5.urgent adj. 紧急的
6.absolutely adv. 绝对地；完全地
拓展词汇
7.pollution n．污染→pollute vt.污染
8.concerned adj.关心的；担心的→concern n．&v.关心，担心；影响，涉及
9.major____ adj.主要的；多数的→majority n．大多数，多数
10.complain vi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaint n．抱怨
11.protection n．保护→protect v．保护
阅读词汇
12.carbon n． 碳
13.dioxide n. 二氧化物
14.chemical n. 化学药品
15.garbage n. 废料；垃圾
16.melt vi. 融化
17.coastal adj. 沿海的
18.nutshell n. 坚果壳；简单的一句话
19.scary adj. 恐怖的；吓人的
重点短语
1.have__a__bad__effect__on 对……有坏影响
2.take__in 吸收
3.give__out 放出；发出
4.in__a__nutshell 简言之；概括地讲
5.take__away 带走；运走
6.look__through 浏览
重点句型
1.否定词＋比较级＝最高级：I couldn’t__agree__with__you__more(非常同意你的观点).
2.if possible(＝if it is possible)如果可能的话：The garbage is then taken away and, if__possible(如果可能的话), recycled.
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．All the countries in the world look after the environment well.
B．European countries usually work hard to improve the environment.
C．In Germany, people put different garbage into different bags.
D．In many countries of Europe, people aren’t allowed to burn too much coal.
2．The “Green” movement aims at ________．
A．improving the living conditions
B．putting different garbage into different bags
C．calling for people to burn little coal
D．getting governments to think about the environment and look after it
3．Which kind of garbage can’t be put into the bags?
A．Paper. B．Plastic.
C．Aerosol cans. D．Newspapers.
4．How did the “Green” movement deal with the industry?
A．By warning them not to produce pollution.
B．By getting people to put different garbage into different bags.
C．By collecting information and telling it to the public.
D．By collecting newspapers about the industry.
答案：1－4.ADCC
,
①the Green Movement绿色运动
②be better than比……好
③at在此处表示“在……方面”。
④look after照顾，看管
⑤put...into...把……放到……里
⑥take away带走
⑦allow vt.允许，许可
⑧in the 1970s 在20世纪70年代，注意勿遗漏其中的定冠词，the 1970s也可用the 1970’s表示。
⑨spread v．传播，散播；铺开(过去式、过去分词皆为spread)
all over整个，遍及
?try to do竭力去做
try doing试着去做
?get...to do使……去做
get为使役动词，动词不定式作宾补，不能省略to。
The Green Movement①
Some countries are better than②others at③looking after④the environment.In Europe，Germany and the northern European countries work very hard to improve the environment.People in countries such as Germany put their garbage into⑤different bags—paper in one bag，plastic in another bag，etc.The garbage is then taken away⑥and，if possible，recycled．CFCs(chlorofluro-carbons)，chemicals which are found in refrigerators and aerosol cans，are not allowed⑦.There are laws that do not allow people to burn too much coal．
◆if possible在此处为if it is possible的省略。
◆recycled在此处为过去分词，与前面的is构成谓语结构。
◆which are found in refrigerators and aerosol cans是which引导的定语从句，修饰chemicals，which在从句中作主语，不可省略。
◆that do not allow people to burn too much coal是that引导的定语从句，修饰laws，that在从句中作主语，不可省略。
In the 1970s⑧，as people learnt more about environmental problems，the“Green”movement began and soon spread⑨all overEurope.The“Green” movement tries to get?governments to think?seriously about the environment and how to look after it.It collects information about how industry is damaging the environment and gives this information to newspapers.
◆as people learnt more about...是as引导的原因状语从句。
绿色运动
一些国家比别的国家更善于保护环境。在欧洲，德国和北欧的国家非常努力地去改善环境。例如，在德国，人们把垃圾放到不同的袋子里——纸张放到一个袋子里，塑料放到另一个袋子里等。然后垃圾被运走，如果可能的话，再被回收利用。CFCS(含氯氟烃)是一些存在于冰箱和喷雾罐中的化学物质，是被禁止的。法律规定不允许人们烧太多的煤。
在20世纪70年代，因为人们了解了更多的环境问题，“绿色”运动开始了，而且很快遍及整个欧洲。“绿色”运动尽力让政府认真地考虑环境问题以及如何保护环境。它收集关于工业正在如何破坏环境的信息，并将其发布到报纸上。
,
have an effect on/upon... 对……有影响
(教材P35)to have a bad effect on someone or something 对某人或某物有坏影响
(1)have an influence on 对……有影响
(2)bring/put...into effect 实施；使生效
come into effect 开始生效；开始
实施
①(四川卷)Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world.
全球变暖正在对世界上数百种动植物物种产生重大影响。
②An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character.
不快乐的童年可能会对一个人的性格产生负面影响。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The new law has come into effect, which will surely have an effect on the industry of the country.
②The number of people who run the red light has been on the decrease since the police brought the new traffic regulations into effect.
(教材P35)Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. 树吸收二氧化碳并放出氧气。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中take in的含义
①(湖北卷)It was several minutes before I took in what he was saying.理解
②(朗文辞典)Don’t be taken in by products claiming to help to lose weight in a week.欺骗
③It’s good to stand on the top of the hill and take in a breath of fresh air.吸入
take off 起飞；(事业)成功；脱下；请假
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take over 接收，接管
take up 占据；开始从事
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
④We now live in a world in which robots take over much of the work.
⑤A good deal of my time is taken up with driving the children to soccer games.
⑥(2019·北京东城区高一月考)Their flight has been put off due to the bad weather. They would like to know when the flight will take off．
⑦(陕西卷)Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
give out 发出(光、热、声音、气体等)；分发；发表；用完；发布；筋疲力尽
(教材P35)Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. 树吸收二氧化碳并放出氧气。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中give out的含义
①Just as I approached the town, my legs finally gave out.筋疲力尽
②He plans to stay there until his money gives out.用完；耗尽
③The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.发出
④He has refused to give out any information on the matter.宣布；发布
give in 让步；投降；上交
give away 赠送；泄露；出卖
give up 投降；放弃
give off 释放出；发出(气味、热、光)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
⑤(2018·天津卷)At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he gave in as she was so confident about her skills.
⑥He said he hadn’t told her, but his expression gave him away．
give out表示“耗尽，用光”时，与run out相同，都是不及物动词短语，主语通常是物，不能用于被动语态。run out of和use up表示“用完，耗尽”时，为及物动词短语，可用于被动语态。
[巧学活用]——选词填空(run out/run out of/give out/use up)
⑦We had just reached the motorway when the petrol ran__out/gave__out．
⑧They ran__out__of/used__up money and had to abandon the project.
⑨After three hours’ climbing the mountain, her patience was used__up．
concerned adj.关心的；担心的
(教材P36)I can’t help but feel very concerned.
我禁不住感到非常担忧。
(1) be concerned about/for... 为……担心/关心
be concerned with/in... 与……有关
as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言
(2)concern n. [U]担心；关切
[C]关心的人(或)事
vt. 涉及，参与；(使)担忧
show concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心
①After being told her son was lost, a concerned look appeared on her face.
被告知她的儿子失踪后，她脸上出现了担心的表情。
②He was concerned that he might fail in the exam.
他担心他可能会考试不及格。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①My English teacher showed great concern about/for me and I felt very warm.
②a.He asked several questions concerning(concern) the future of the company.
b．He asked several questions concerned(concern) with the future of the company.
③As far as I am__concerned(concern), educators should be concerned about the problems that are concerned with the healthy growth of the children.
concerned 用作形容词时意为“担忧的；关心的”；用作后置定语意为“相关的；有关的”。另外concerning 用作介词时意为“关于；对于”。
complain vi.抱怨；发牢骚
(教材P36)He does nothing but complain.
他除了抱怨什么事也没做。
(1)complain to sb.of/about sth. 向某人抱怨某事
complain (to sb.) that... 抱怨……
(2)complaint n. 抱怨；牢骚；投诉
①(江西卷)Mother always complains that children wear out their shoes very quickly.
母亲总是抱怨孩子们很快就把鞋子穿烂了。
②(2018·江苏卷)Mom complained a lot, and said that despite its high ratings, the food was not to our taste.
妈妈老是抱怨，说尽管这家饭店的评级很高，但饭菜并不合我们的口味。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①It’s no use complaining(complain) about the heavy air pollution without taking action.
②He complained to me of/about the bad weather he had while travelling there, from which I guessed that he must have had a very unpleasant journey.
③Customers have the right to make a complaint(complain) about the poor service they receive.
complain的后面不能直接跟sb.作宾语，要加介词to。类似的词还有explain, mention, reply, appreciate, occur等。
(教材P40)Look through magazines to find pictures that you can stick on your poster, for example, pictures of people planting trees. 浏览一下杂志，看看有没有你能贴到海报上的图片，例如，人们种植树木的图片。
look after 照顾；照看
look out(for) 当心
look up 查阅
look forward to 期盼
look down on/upon 轻视，看不起
①You should look through your paper before handing it in.
交试卷之前你必须仔细检查一下。
②Would you please look through the paper for me and see if there are any mistakes?
你可以帮我浏览一下这篇论文，看看是否有一些错误吗？
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①If there are words you do not understand，look them up in a dictionary.
②It’s wrong of you to look down upon/on the poor.
③This is a great place for camping but you have to look out for snakes.
否定词＋比较级＝最高级
(教材P36)I couldn’t agree with you more./It couldn’t be worse. 我非常同意你的观点。/再糟不过了。
这两个句式都是比较级与否定词(not, never)连用表示最高级的意思，意为“非常……；再没有比……更……的了”。与此句含义相同的其他表达法还有：
(1)can’t/couldn’t...＋too＋adj./adv.
无论……都不为过
(2)can’t/couldn’t...＋adj./adv.＋enough
无论……都不为过/都不过分
①—What do you think of your new project?
——你觉得你的新项目怎么样？
—It couldn’t be worse.
——糟糕透了。
②You can’t find a better hotel than mine.
你再也找不到比我这旅馆更好的了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more__moving(move) one.
②How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better(good) voice.
[链接写作]——句型转换
③You can’t be too patient with your sick mother.
→You can’t be__patient__enough__with your sick mother.
④I have found this picnic is the most interesting.
→I have never found a more__interesting picnic than this one.
if possible(＝if it is possible)如果可能的语
(教材P39)The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycled.
然后垃圾被运走，如果可能的话，再被回收利用。
本句中的if possible是省略语，表示“如果可能的话”，完整的形式为：if it is possible。
(1)在if, when, while, once, whether, unless等引导的状语从句中，如果含有系动词be的某种形式，从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和系动词be可以省略。
(2)其他含if的省略结构：
if any 如果有的话
if necessary 如果需要的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
if not 不这样的话
①I will go to Beijing this week and, if possible, I’ll take my parents.
这个星期我要去北京，如果可能的话，我要带着我的父母一块去。
②If possible, try to go to bed early every day.
如果可能的话，尝试每天早点上床睡觉。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①a.If necessary, you can turn to me for help at any time.
b．It is said that she was admitted to a famous university. If so,__I’m really proud of her.
②a.He was knocked down while crossing(cross) the street.
b．I won’t go to the party unless invited(invite)．
[链接写作]——句式升级(省略句)
③(普通表达)I’ll go if you are going. If you aren’t going，I’d rather stay at home.
(高级表达)I’ll go if you are going. If__not，I’d rather stay at home.
④(普通表达)Wash it in water and pick out the small particles，if there are any.
(高级表达)Wash it in water and pick out the small particles，if__any．
品句填词
1．Some parents complained(抱怨) that their children are busy with heavy homework.
2．She hasn’t been seen for days and we are concerned(担心) for her safety.
3．An unhappy home environment(环境) can affect a child’s behavior.
4．The shady trees provide protection(保护) against the burning rays of the sun.
5．We should pay more attention to the pollution of the atmosphere(大气)．
6．The major(主要的) problem we face is that we have no money now.
7．There wasn’t enough evidence(证据) to prove him guilty.
8．We have a(n) urgent(紧急的) need for help. We are running out of food.
单句改错
1．—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
—Yes, if is possible, I’m going to travel abroad.去掉is
2．—What about going out for a walk after supper?
—I couldn’t agree much. Shall we ask Betty to go with us？much→more
3．As far as I am concerning, what he said is not true at all.concerning→concerned
4．He didn’t like the meal so he complained the manager of the restaurant.complained后加to
5．What is the most frightened experience you’ve had？frightened→frightening
课文语篇改错
Some countries are better than others in looking after the environment. In Europe, Germany and the northern European countries work very hard to improve an environment. People in countries such as Germany put their garbages into different bags—paper in one bag, plastic in other bag, etc.The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycles. There are laws that do not allow people to burn too many coal.
In the 1970s, as people learnt more environmental problems, the “Green” movement began and soon was spread all over Europe. The “Green” movement tries to get governments to think serious about the environment and however to look after it.
答案：
Some countries are better than others looking after the environment. In Europe, Germany and the northern European countries work very hard to improve environment. People in countries such as Germany put their into different bags—paper in one bag, plastic in bag, etc.The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, .There are laws that do not allow people to burn too coal.
In the 1970s, as people learnt more environmental problems, the “Green” movement began and soon spread all over Europe. The “Green” movement tries to get governments to think about the environment and to look after it.
单句语法填空
1．Concerned(concern) about Lucy, the teacher called her parents to find out why she was so often absent from class.
2．He did nothing but complain(complaint) to me about the food and the service of the restaurant.
3．(2019·大连二十四中高一月考)The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism on the wildlife in the area.
4．The project’s aim is to clean up polluted(pollute) areas in the world.
5．It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. If so,__we’d better take it to the garage(汽修厂) immediately.
6．—Did you take in the speech the visiting scholar made yesterday?
—Not really. He spoke with an Australian accent(口音) and a bit too fast for me.
7．There is no greater (great) love than that given by parents in the world.
8．Often I look through the newspaper before my breakfast. What about you, Tom?
9．Remember to bring clothes that provide protection(protect) against the wind and rain.
10．The situation is so urgent(urge) that we must find an effective way to solve the problem right now.
阅读理解
Cities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.
The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.
As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青). It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma(哮喘) and other breathing problems.
Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops—at least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.
“This is an urgent challenge, and it’s much bigger than one person，”said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. “Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”
【解题导语】 文章主要提出了热岛效应这个概念，然后说明热岛效应带来的危害。
1．Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?
A．Planting more trees in the streets.
B．Covering the streets with white paint.
C．Applying reflective paint on rooftops.
D．Furnishing every house with air conditioners.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的内容以及倒数第二段第二句 Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops 可知，多植树，把道路刷成白色，以及给屋顶粉刷具有反射性的颜料，这些都是缓解热岛效应的措施，因此A、B和C项均不符合题意。D项意为“给每座房子装空调”，会加重热岛效应， 符合题意。
2．What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?
A．How to make the city cooler.
B．Where to wear a white shirt.
C．Why to coat the roads with black paint.
D．When to cut off the electricity supply.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，热岛效应导致市区的温度比郊区高五度，而这会给人们的健康带来致命的危险，因此政府人员在炎热夏季的主要任务就是让城市的温度降下来，因此A项符合题意。
3．What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?
A．Increasing the indoor activities.
B．Promoting the sale of air conditioners.
C．Making life easier and more comfortable.
D．Reducing the number of cold days.
C 解析：根据文章第三段第一句 As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青)．和第三句 And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. 可知， 把洛杉矶的马路涂上一层冷却面， 即一种灰色的油漆， 可以降低温度并改善空气质量。从而使人们的生活更加轻松舒适。故选C。
4．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．LA adopted many approaches to fight against the heat.
B．LA calls on people to fight against global warming.
C．More and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.
D．LA is painting its streets white to keep the city cool.
D 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要提出了热岛效应这个概念， 然后说明热岛效应带来的危害， 最后也是文章的中心内容， 介绍了洛杉矶为了降温给城市采取的措施——把街道刷成白色， 因此D项符合题意。
完形填空
Recently, my family and I visited Kaikoura, a coastal town in New Zealand. The first evening it seemed a __1__place, but the next day I remembered what I’d__2__about it in a magazine—that it was often__3__to see dolphins(海豚) and whales there!
My family and I__4__on a gray, windy morning on a small boat. __5__， the sky turned blue ten minutes later. Soon we__6__the place where we were supposed to go swimming. To my__7__， this was more than 40 km from land. I was quite__8__by this time, and wondered why we came all the way out there, when__9__someone shouted “Dolphins！”
All I could__10__were fins(鱼鳍) everywhere—there were about one hundred dolphins, all__11__towards our boat! Many of them were jumping around in the water__12__they were asking us to come and play. I__13__my snorkel(潜水通气管) and jumped into the sea. Then I tried to make __14__in the water to attract them. What made me__15__ was that they heard me and came to swim around me. Amazingly, a dolphin kept following me, but then changed his__16__and swam in another direction. It really made me realize how__17__these animals are.
About an hour later, it was time for us to get back onto the__18__. I really enjoyed myself, but I was a little cold and__19__to leave the water. I noticed that everyone on board was smiling and I realized what a very__20__moment we’d had.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己和海豚一起游泳的经历。
1．A.busy B．boring
C．safe D．great
B 解析：由下文的see dolphins(海豚) and whales there可知，这里是说：第一天晚上这里看起来是一个“无聊的(boring)”地方。
2．A.read B．sung
C．taught D．drawn
A 解析：由该空后的in a magazine可知，“我”想起了在一本杂志中所“读(read)”到的。
3．A.impolite B．terrible
C．difficult D．possible
D 解析：由下文作者讲述自己和海豚一起游泳的经历可知，这里是说：在那里经常“有可能(possible)”看到海豚和鲸鱼。
4．A.gave up B．turned back
C．set off D．dressed up
C 解析：由下文相关内容可知，作者和家人一起“出发(set off)”去看海豚了。
5．A.Besides B．However
C．On the whole D．In other words
B 解析：由该空前的a gray, windy morning和空后的the sky turned blue ten minutes later可知，这里是转折关系，故填However。
6．A.reached B．left
C．crossed D．missed
A 解析：由该空后的where we were supposed to go swimming可知，我们要在这里游泳，所以这里是说：我们“到达(reached)”了这个地方。
7．A.joy B．regret
C．shame D．surprise
D 解析：由该空后的this was more than 40 km from land可知，我们要游泳的地方离岸边有40多公里远，这让“我”感到十分“惊讶(surprise)”。
8．A.shy B．wet
C．cold D．hungry
C 解析：由上文的windy morning可知，这时“我”感到很“冷(cold)”。下文的I was a little cold也是提示。
9．A.secretly B．suddenly
C．certainly D．naturally
B 解析：由该空前的I...wondered why和空后的someone shouted “Dolphins！”可知，正当“我”在想为什么我们要大老远跑到这里来的时候，“突然(suddenly)”有人喊：“海豚！”。
10．A.see B．hear
C．smell D．touch
A 解析：由该空后的fins(鱼鳍)everywhere—there were about one hundred dolphins可知，“我”“看见(see)”到处都是鱼鳍。
11．A.waving B．climbing
C．looking D．swimming
D 解析：由该空前的dolphins可知，这里是说：海豚都朝着我们的船“游(swimming)”过来。
12．A.even if B．so that
C．as if D．now that
C 解析：好多海豚在水中跳来跳去“好像(as if)”是在邀请我们一起来玩。
13．A.sold B．put on
C．lost D．picked off
B 解析：由下文中的jumped into the sea可知，“我”“戴上(put on)”潜水通气管，然后跳入了海里。
14．A.sounds B．faces
C．decisions D．promises
A 解析：由下句中的they heard me可知，“我”试图通过发出“声音(sounds)”来吸引它们。
15．A.angry B．relaxed
C．worried D．excited
D 解析：由该空后的they heard me and came to swim around me可知，这让“我”十分“兴奋(excited)”。
16．A.life B．food
C．mind D．habit
C 解析：由该空后的swam in another direction可知，这只海豚改变了主意，朝着另一个方向游走了。change one’s mind表示“改变主意”。
17．A.lazy B．dangerous
C．powerful D．intelligent
D 解析：海豚听到作者发出的声音后，都游了过来，还有一只一直跟着作者， 这让作者觉得这些动物都非常“聪明(intelligent)”。
18．A.bus B．boat
C．train D．truck
B 解析：上文的a small boat是提示。
19．A.decided B．forgot
C．disagreed D．failed
A 解析：由该空前的I was a little cold可知，“我”感到有些冷，所以“决定(decided)”从水中出来。
20．A.bad B．strange
C．special D．quiet
C 解析：作者认为和海豚一起游泳让他们度过了非常“特别的(special)”一刻。
课件46张PPT。Module 4 Sandstorms in Asiaatmosphereenvironmentrecycleevidenceurgentabsolutelypollutionconcernedmajorcomplainprotection碳二氧化物化学药品废料；垃圾融化沿海的坚果壳；简单的一句话恐怖的；吓人的have a bad effect ontake ingive out in a nutshelltake awaylook throughcouldn’t agree with you moreif possibleintooninto理解欺骗吸入overupoffon筋疲力尽用完；耗尽发出宣布；发布inawayran out/gave outran out of/used upused upabout/forconcerningconcernedam concernedaboutwithcomplainingtoof/aboutcomplaintupupon/onformore movingbetterbe patient enough with nevermore interesting If socrossinginvitedIf notif any本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Some parents complained(抱怨) that their children are busy with heavy homework.
2．She hasn’t been seen for days and we are concerned(担心) for her safety.
3．An unhappy home environment(环境) can affect a child’s behavior.
4．The shady trees provide protection(保护) against the burning rays of the sun.
5．We should pay more attention to the pollution of the atmosphere(大气)．
6．The major(主要的) problem we face is that we have no money now.
7．There wasn’t enough evidence(证据) to prove him guilty.
8．We have a(n) urgent(紧急的) need for help. We are running out of food.
单句改错
1．—Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?
—Yes, if is possible, I’m going to travel abroad.去掉is
2．—What about going out for a walk after supper?
—I couldn’t agree much. Shall we ask Betty to go with us？much→more
3．As far as I am concerning, what he said is not true at all.concerning→concerned
4．He didn’t like the meal so he complained the manager of the restaurant.complained后加to
5．What is the most frightened experience you’ve had？frightened→frightening
课文语篇改错
Some countries are better than others in looking after the environment. In Europe, Germany and the northern European countries work very hard to improve an environment. People in countries such as Germany put their garbages into different bags—paper in one bag, plastic in other bag, etc.The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, recycles. There are laws that do not allow people to burn too many coal.
In the 1970s, as people learnt more environmental problems, the “Green” movement began and soon was spread all over Europe. The “Green” movement tries to get governments to think serious about the environment and however to look after it.
答案：
Some countries are better than others looking after the environment. In Europe, Germany and the northern European countries work very hard to improve environment. People in countries such as Germany put their into different bags—paper in one bag, plastic in bag, etc.The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, .There are laws that do not allow people to burn too coal.
In the 1970s, as people learnt more environmental problems, the “Green” movement began and soon spread all over Europe. The “Green” movement tries to get governments to think about the environment and to look after it.
单句语法填空
1．Concerned(concern) about Lucy, the teacher called her parents to find out why she was so often absent from class.
2．He did nothing but complain(complaint) to me about the food and the service of the restaurant.
3．(2019·大连二十四中高一月考)The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism on the wildlife in the area.
4．The project’s aim is to clean up polluted(pollute) areas in the world.
5．It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. If so,__we’d better take it to the garage(汽修厂) immediately.
6．—Did you take in the speech the visiting scholar made yesterday?
—Not really. He spoke with an Australian accent(口音) and a bit too fast for me.
7．There is no greater (great) love than that given by parents in the world.
8．Often I look through the newspaper before my breakfast. What about you, Tom?
9．Remember to bring clothes that provide protection(protect) against the wind and rain.
10．The situation is so urgent(urge) that we must find an effective way to solve the problem right now.
阅读理解
Cities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.
The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.
As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青). It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma(哮喘) and other breathing problems.
Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops—at least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.
“This is an urgent challenge, and it’s much bigger than one person，”said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. “Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”
【解题导语】 文章主要提出了热岛效应这个概念，然后说明热岛效应带来的危害。
1．Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?
A．Planting more trees in the streets.
B．Covering the streets with white paint.
C．Applying reflective paint on rooftops.
D．Furnishing every house with air conditioners.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的内容以及倒数第二段第二句 Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops 可知，多植树，把道路刷成白色，以及给屋顶粉刷具有反射性的颜料，这些都是缓解热岛效应的措施，因此A、B和C项均不符合题意。D项意为“给每座房子装空调”，会加重热岛效应， 符合题意。
2．What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?
A．How to make the city cooler.
B．Where to wear a white shirt.
C．Why to coat the roads with black paint.
D．When to cut off the electricity supply.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，热岛效应导致市区的温度比郊区高五度，而这会给人们的健康带来致命的危险，因此政府人员在炎热夏季的主要任务就是让城市的温度降下来，因此A项符合题意。
3．What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?
A．Increasing the indoor activities.
B．Promoting the sale of air conditioners.
C．Making life easier and more comfortable.
D．Reducing the number of cold days.
C 解析：根据文章第三段第一句 As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt(沥青)．和第三句 And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. 可知， 把洛杉矶的马路涂上一层冷却面， 即一种灰色的油漆， 可以降低温度并改善空气质量。从而使人们的生活更加轻松舒适。故选C。
4．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．LA adopted many approaches to fight against the heat.
B．LA calls on people to fight against global warming.
C．More and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.
D．LA is painting its streets white to keep the city cool.
D 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要提出了热岛效应这个概念， 然后说明热岛效应带来的危害， 最后也是文章的中心内容， 介绍了洛杉矶为了降温给城市采取的措施——把街道刷成白色， 因此D项符合题意。
完形填空
Recently, my family and I visited Kaikoura, a coastal town in New Zealand. The first evening it seemed a __1__place, but the next day I remembered what I’d__2__about it in a magazine—that it was often__3__to see dolphins(海豚) and whales there!
My family and I__4__on a gray, windy morning on a small boat. __5__， the sky turned blue ten minutes later. Soon we__6__the place where we were supposed to go swimming. To my__7__， this was more than 40 km from land. I was quite__8__by this time, and wondered why we came all the way out there, when__9__someone shouted “Dolphins！”
All I could__10__were fins(鱼鳍) everywhere—there were about one hundred dolphins, all__11__towards our boat! Many of them were jumping around in the water__12__they were asking us to come and play. I__13__my snorkel(潜水通气管) and jumped into the sea. Then I tried to make __14__in the water to attract them. What made me__15__ was that they heard me and came to swim around me. Amazingly, a dolphin kept following me, but then changed his__16__and swam in another direction. It really made me realize how__17__these animals are.
About an hour later, it was time for us to get back onto the__18__. I really enjoyed myself, but I was a little cold and__19__to leave the water. I noticed that everyone on board was smiling and I realized what a very__20__moment we’d had.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己和海豚一起游泳的经历。
1．A.busy B．boring
C．safe D．great
B 解析：由下文的see dolphins(海豚) and whales there可知，这里是说：第一天晚上这里看起来是一个“无聊的(boring)”地方。
2．A.read B．sung
C．taught D．drawn
A 解析：由该空后的in a magazine可知，“我”想起了在一本杂志中所“读(read)”到的。
3．A.impolite B．terrible
C．difficult D．possible
D 解析：由下文作者讲述自己和海豚一起游泳的经历可知，这里是说：在那里经常“有可能(possible)”看到海豚和鲸鱼。
4．A.gave up B．turned back
C．set off D．dressed up
C 解析：由下文相关内容可知，作者和家人一起“出发(set off)”去看海豚了。
5．A.Besides B．However
C．On the whole D．In other words
B 解析：由该空前的a gray, windy morning和空后的the sky turned blue ten minutes later可知，这里是转折关系，故填However。
6．A.reached B．left
C．crossed D．missed
A 解析：由该空后的where we were supposed to go swimming可知，我们要在这里游泳，所以这里是说：我们“到达(reached)”了这个地方。
7．A.joy B．regret
C．shame D．surprise
D 解析：由该空后的this was more than 40 km from land可知，我们要游泳的地方离岸边有40多公里远，这让“我”感到十分“惊讶(surprise)”。
8．A.shy B．wet
C．cold D．hungry
C 解析：由上文的windy morning可知，这时“我”感到很“冷(cold)”。下文的I was a little cold也是提示。
9．A.secretly B．suddenly
C．certainly D．naturally
B 解析：由该空前的I...wondered why和空后的someone shouted “Dolphins！”可知，正当“我”在想为什么我们要大老远跑到这里来的时候，“突然(suddenly)”有人喊：“海豚！”。
10．A.see B．hear
C．smell D．touch
A 解析：由该空后的fins(鱼鳍)everywhere—there were about one hundred dolphins可知，“我”“看见(see)”到处都是鱼鳍。
11．A.waving B．climbing
C．looking D．swimming
D 解析：由该空前的dolphins可知，这里是说：海豚都朝着我们的船“游(swimming)”过来。
12．A.even if B．so that
C．as if D．now that
C 解析：好多海豚在水中跳来跳去“好像(as if)”是在邀请我们一起来玩。
13．A.sold B．put on
C．lost D．picked off
B 解析：由下文中的jumped into the sea可知，“我”“戴上(put on)”潜水通气管，然后跳入了海里。
14．A.sounds B．faces
C．decisions D．promises
A 解析：由下句中的they heard me可知，“我”试图通过发出“声音(sounds)”来吸引它们。
15．A.angry B．relaxed
C．worried D．excited
D 解析：由该空后的they heard me and came to swim around me可知，这让“我”十分“兴奋(excited)”。
16．A.life B．food
C．mind D．habit
C 解析：由该空后的swam in another direction可知，这只海豚改变了主意，朝着另一个方向游走了。change one’s mind表示“改变主意”。
17．A.lazy B．dangerous
C．powerful D．intelligent
D 解析：海豚听到作者发出的声音后，都游了过来，还有一只一直跟着作者， 这让作者觉得这些动物都非常“聪明(intelligent)”。
18．A.bus B．boat
C．train D．truck
B 解析：上文的a small boat是提示。
19．A.decided B．forgot
C．disagreed D．failed
A 解析：由该空前的I was a little cold可知，“我”感到有些冷，所以“决定(decided)”从水中出来。
20．A.bad B．strange
C．special D．quiet
C 解析：作者认为和海豚一起游泳让他们度过了非常“特别的(special)”一刻。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
动词不定式 & but＋动词不定式
1．(教材P32)Scientists have tried many ways to__solve(solve) this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to__help(help) solve it.
2．(教材P32)They are often so thick that you cannot see the sun, and the wind is sometimes strong enough to__move(move) sand dunes.
3．(教材P32)There was nothing to__be__done(do). It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation I’ve ever been in.
4．(教材P32)Sandstorms in China appear to__have__increased(increase) in recent years as a result of “desertification”．
5．(教材P32)The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to__see(see)．
6．(教材P32)When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to__go(go) out.
7．(教材P32)The winds are very strong. It’s difficult to__breathe(breathe) and the dust makes me ill.
8．(教材P32)To__prevent(prevent) it coming nearer, the government is planting trees.
9．(教材P32)Already the government has planted more than 30 billion trees and plans to__continue(continue) planting for the next five years.
动词不定式
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
语态
时态
主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
/
完成式
to have done
to have been done
1.不定式的一般式：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词同时(几乎同时)发生或在谓语动词之后发生。
◆He asked me to help him with the task.
他让我帮他完成这项任务。
2．不定式的进行式：表示不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动词同时发生。
◆He is said to be studying abroad but I don’t know which country it is.
据说他正在国外学习，但我不知道是哪个国家。
3．不定式的完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。
◆I’m sorry to have caused you so much trouble.
很抱歉给您造成了这么多的麻烦。
4．不定式的被动式：当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用动词不定式的被动形式。
◆He was the last person to be asked to speak.
他是最后一个应邀发言的人。
不定式用主动形式表示被动意义的常见情况：
(1)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋( for sb.) to do”结构中，句子的主语与构成不定式的动词有逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有easy, hard, difficult, fit 等。
◆The book is so difficult to understand that I want to give it up.
这本书如此难懂以至于我不想读了。
(2)不定式作定语时，若构成不定式的动词与不定式所修饰的词之间为动宾关系，并且句子的主语是不定式动作的发出者时。
◆He has a large family to support.
他有一个大家庭要养。
(3)在“too...to...”和“enough...to...”结构中，若构成不定式的动词与句子的主语之间为动宾关系，不定式可以用主动形式表示被动意义。
◆The box is light enough to carry.
这个盒子轻得可以随身携带。
◆The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out.
这道数学题太难我解不出它。
(4)在“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构中，do与特殊疑问词之间为动宾关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
◆I don’t know what to do next.
我不知道接下来该做什么。
二、动词不定式的语法功能
1．作主语
当不定式作主语时，表示一次具体的动作，并且常用it作形式主语，把不定式后置。
◆(浙江卷)No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better to remain silent.
无论你是多么健谈的人，总有些时候保持沉默更好。
不定式作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式。
2．作表语
(1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
◆We are to meet at the station at three.
我们约定3点钟在车站见面。
(2)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或是what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语用来说明主语的内容。
◆Her wish is to become a key college student after graduation.
她的愿望是毕业后成为一名名校大学生。
3．作宾语
(1)常用带to的不定式作宾语的动词有afford, agree, ask, decide, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, wait等。
◆She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting to be served.
她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。
(2)有些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾语，也可以跟动名词作宾语，但意思不同，如forget, remember, try等；有些动词后面接不定式和动名词作宾语时意思差别不大，如start, begin, hate, like 等。
◆(安徽卷)I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
我离开办公室之前记得锁门却忘记关灯了。
◆We still remember once being taken round the famous tower when we were young.
我们仍然记得在我们小的时候我们曾经被领着参观那座著名的塔。
feel, find, think, believe, consider, make这几个动词后面接不定式作宾语，且宾语后面有形容词/名词作宾补时，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到宾补之后。
◆We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
我们都认为学好一门外语对我们来说非常重要。
4．作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语，常用于下列动词后：ask, cause, call, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell等。
◆Allow me to introduce myself, please.
请允许我自我介绍一下。
◆(天津卷)Passengers are permitted to carry only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
乘客只允许携带一个手提行李包登机。
(1)在“五看(see, watch, observe, notice, look at)三使(make, let, have)两听(hear, listen to)一感(feel)”等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to, 但当以上动词(let, have除外)用于被动语态时需要带to。
◆(陕西卷)Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.
让那些需要帮助的人们明白我们会全力以赴去帮助他们。
◆The person was seen to enter the shop by us.
我们看见那个人进了商店。
(2)help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式可带to也可不带to, 即help sb.(to) do sth.。
5．作定语
(1)不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。
◆(四川卷)The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.
明年竣工的机场将会帮助推进该地区旅游业的发展。
(2)中心词是序数词或被序数词、最高级、only等修饰时，用不定式作定语。
◆He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(3)常用不定式作定语的名词：promise, plan, offer, decision, ability, warning等。
◆(湖南卷)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
被修饰的名词与不定式存在被动关系时，不定式的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则后面必须要有适当的介词。
◆Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn’t find any paper to write on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到写下它的纸。
6．作状语
(1)原因状语。不定式作原因状语时， 通常位于情感类形容词或表示心理活动的形容词/过去分词之后，表示产生某种情感或心理活动的原因。
◆(辽宁卷)We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
(2)目的状语。不定式作目的状语时可位于句首和句末， 且不定式前可加in order/so as, 但so as to不能位于句首。
◆I’ll write down his telephone number so as not to forget it.
我将把他的手机号写下来以防忘记了。
◆The boy worked very hard in order to/so as to make up for the lost time.
这个男孩工作非常努力，为的是弥补失去的时间。
(3)结果状语。不定式作结果状语常表示意外的结果，常在不定式前加only。
He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.
他急忙赶到那所房子，却发现空无一人。
but＋动词不定式
当but(表示“除……之外”)前有实义动词do的某种形式时，其后的不定式通常不带to。其他情况不定式通常都要带to。
◆(陕西卷)If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.(have no choice but to do...别无选择只好做……)
他如果接受这项工作的话，必然会遇到更大的挑战。
◆He was not able to do anything but wait.
除了等待，他什么也不能做。
(1)如果主语是all或what引导的从句，或主语被only, first或形容词的最高级修饰，且后面的从句或短语中有实义动词do，用作表语的动词不定式常可省略to。
◆The only thing you can do is wait and see.
你唯一能做的就是等待和观望。
◆All I can do is help you finish the work on time.
我能做的所有事情就是帮你按时完成工作。
(2)在can’t but，can’t help but，can’t choose but(不得不，只能)结构后，不定式不带to。
◆We can’t but face the reality.
我们只能面对现实。
◆I couldn’t choose but speak the truth.
我不能不说真话。
◆Whenever I think of the story, I still can’t help but laugh at myself.
每当我想起那个故事，我就会忍不住地笑起自己来。
单句语法填空
1．(2018·北京卷)During the Mid－Autumn Festival, family members often gather together to__share(share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
2．All through the morning, Mary did nothing but sit(sit) on the sofa, watching TV.
3．Although it is a hard task to protect our environment, we can’t help but go(go) ahead.
4．When I returned to Beijing from Shanghai, the sandstorm had just ended.My friends all said I was lucky to__have__missed(miss) it.
5．(2019·重庆巴蜀中学高一期中)We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision to__be__made(make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
6．The weather seems to__be__improving(improve) now. Let’s go for a picnic.
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to__grow(grow) corn instead of rice to__improve(improve) water quality.
8．(北京卷)There are still many problems to__be__solved(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
9．When he was going to work, he was surprised to__find(find) that his car had been stolen.
10．Mother asked me not to__make(make) so much noise, for my brother was studying.
单句改错
1．As there was no bus, he couldn’t but to walk home.去掉to
2．For example, when I ride my bike, my parents won’t let me to ride by myself.去掉to
3．Only this man was strong enough lift the heavy stone.在lift前加to
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer comes，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！在pick前加to
5．The mother did what she could rescue her son, although she herself was in danger.在rescue前加to
语法与写作
1．我想让你为我们学校的英文报纸写一篇文章。
I’d like to__ask__you__to__write__an__article for our school’s English newspaper.
2．雨下得很大，所以我们只能待在家里。
It is raining hard, so we have__no__choice__but__to__stay at home.
3．他总是第一个到教室的人。
He is always the__first__person__to__get__to the classroom.
4．为了通过考试，他学习非常努力。
In__order__to__pass__the__exam,__he studied very hard.
5．她不禁琢磨着他在想些什么。
She couldn’t help but wonder__what__he__was__thinking．
课件32张PPT。Module 4 Sandstorms in Asiato solveto helpto moveto be doneto have increasedto seeto goto breatheTo preventto continueto sharesitgoto have missedto be madeto be improvingto growto improveto be solvedto findto make去掉to去掉to在lift前加to在pick前加to在rescue前加toto ask you to write an articlehave no choice but to staythe first person to get toIn order to pass the examwonder what he was thinking本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放Section Ⅴ Writing
环境保护类议论文
文体感知
与环境保护相关的作文一般都是夹叙夹议类的文章。要点明环境问题的现状及环境问题产生的原因；另外，要阐明我们要采取的保护环境的合理措施。
增分佳句
1．Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world.
2．With the development of industry and agriculture, cars make noises and give off poisonous gas.
3．Pollution has been making more and more water unable for drinking.
4．The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations.
5．Measures have been taken to deal with these problems by the government.
6．I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.
7．Only in this way can we create a stronger, healthier and more beautiful world.
8．We should solve the problems that we are faced with.
9．It is time for us to take measures as it is each citizen’s responsibility to save our mother earth.
写作模板
In recent years, sandstorms have struck________．(引出主题，说明现状)
In the last few years, in order to build houses, developers have cut down________. They also have dug up________. What’s more, they have burnt________. What they have done makes the sandstorms more and more serious.(造成沙尘暴的原因)
In order to stop the process of desertification, I think we should________. Meanwhile, the government should________. If so, I think our living conditions will soon be improved.(提出预防沙尘暴的建议)
写作要求
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，请根据以下提示，针对你的家乡近两年频繁遭受沙尘暴袭击的情况，向某英语报社投稿，呼吁大家植树造林，保护环境。
1．过去家乡树木成林；
2．如今人们毁林种地建房；
3．气候变化，土地荒漠化；
4．植树造林，人人有责。
注意：1.词数：100左右；
2.开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,
I’m a student at a middle school of Shanxi._____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
审题谋篇
体裁
夹叙夹议文
时态
一般过去时和一般现在时
主题
环境保护
人称
第三人称
结构
首段：介绍自己以及家乡过去的样子；
中段：介绍家乡的现状；
尾段：提出建议
词汇推敲
1．表达我的意见express__my__views
2．过去used__to
3．由于，因为because__of/as__a__result__of
4．为了in__order__to/so__as__to
5．砍伐cut__down
6．侵袭strike
7．爱护take__care__of/look__after__carefully
8．改善improve
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①为了建房和种更多的庄稼，我家乡的人们一直砍伐树木挖草。土地逐渐变成沙漠。
People in my hometown have__been__cutting__down__trees__and__digging__up__grass in order to build houses and plant more crops.Land gradually becomes desert.
②随着时间的推移，森林遭受了严重破坏。
As__time__went__on,__the forests were seriously destroyed.
③沙尘暴不时地袭击我们的家乡，我们深受其害。
Sandstorms struck__us__now__and__then,__and we suffered from them a lot.
2．句式升级
④用because引导原因状语从句升级句①
Because__people__in__my__hometown__have__been__cutting__down__trees__and__digging__up__grass__in__order__to__build__houses__and__plant__more__crops，land__gradually__becomes__desert.
⑤用with复合结构升级句②
With__time__going__on，the__forests__were__seriously__destroyed.
⑥用非限制性定语从句升级句③
Sandstorms__struck__us__now__and__then，from__which__we__suffered__a__lot.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear__Editor,__
I’m__a__student__at__a__middle__school__of__Shanxi. I’m writing to express my views concerning the environment in my hometown. My hometown used to be a beautiful place. Thick forests and green grass could be seen everywhere. However, because of climate changes, it rains little now. In order to build houses and grow more crops, people there cut down more and more trees. With time going on, the forests were seriously destroyed.As a result, sandstorms struck us now and then, from which we suffered a lot. To prevent the process of desertification, I hope all the people take good care of the forests and plant more trees instead of cutting them down. Then our living conditions will soon be improved.
I’m__looking__forward__to__hearing__from__you.
Yours，
Li__Hua
请根据下表提示，写一篇关于环境问题以及如何注意保护环境的作文。词数：100左右。
环境问题
大气污染、水污染、沙尘暴等
原因
现代社会的迅速发展，人们对大自然的破坏
结果
伤害人类的健康，使动植物灭绝
我的建议
……
Nowadays, there are many environmental problems such as air pollution, water pollution and sandstorms.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Nowadays,__there__are__many__environmental__problems__such__as__air__pollution，water__pollution__and__sandstorms.The polluted air does harm to people’s health. The polluted water causes diseases and deaths. What’s more, many animals and plants are dying out as a result of all kinds of environmental problems. It is people who should be responsible for the problems. With the development of society, more cars and waste are produced and more natural resources are being used, which has made our environment worse and worse.
As far as I’m concerned, to protect the environment, the government must take more effective measures. It should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection and those who destroy the environment should be severely punished.Only in this way can we have a good environment.
单句语法填空
1．(2019·山西曲沃中学高一月考)She didn’t move quickly enough to__avoid(avoid) being knocked down by the car.
2．I think it is very important to__protect(protect) this rare species.
3．Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to__speak(speak) to the new students.
4．Finding he had no key, he had no choice but to__wait(wait) till his mother came back.
5．Are you going to the concert to__be__given(give) next weekend by Lang Lang，a young pianist?
6．(2016·北京卷)To make it easier to__get(get) in touch with us，you’d better keep this card at hand.
7．Li Na was proud to__have__won(win) several champions at home and abroad.
8．(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train to__catch(catch)．
9．When Tom’s mother entered his room, he pretended to__be__sleeping(sleep)．
10．For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to__be__told(tell) to come again the next day.
阅读理解
The deserts of the world are not all covered by sand. Many of them have surfaces of rock or clay or small stones. They are not flat, either. They often have high hills and deep valleys. There is some plants’ life in many parts of the desert. There is little rain in the desert, but it does not fall often enough for most plants.
The deserts of the world are not uninhabited (not lived by people). People also live outside oases (绿洲), but these people are not farmers. They have camels, goats, donkeys, sheep, etc. These animals can live on the desert plants and do not need much water.
The people of the desert have to move constantly from place to place; they must always look for grasses or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in tents. When there is no more food for their animals, they fold up their tents, pat them on their camels and donkeys, and move to another place. In good years, when there is enough food for their animals, they trade their skins and their goats and camel hairs with the people of oases for wheat and fruit. But in bad years, when there is not enough food for their animals, the people of the desert would attack the oases people. But they are also hospitable;__no man in the desert would ever refuse to give a stranger food and water.
【解题导语】 沙漠并非仅仅被沙子覆盖，有高高的山丘，深深的山谷，也有一些沙漠植物。沙漠人居无定所，他们的牲畜就是依靠这些植物生存的。
1．According to the passage, deserts are mostly made up of ________．
A．clay B．rock
C．sand D．stones
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一、二句“The deserts of the world are not all covered by sand. Many of them have surfaces of rock or clay or small stones.”可知，世界上的沙漠并非全都覆盖着沙。许多沙漠表面有岩石、泥土或小石子，由此可推知，沙漠主要是由沙组成的。故答案为C项。
2．The underlined word“hospitable”has the meaning of being ________．
A．brave B．cruel
C．strange D．kind
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一句中的“no man in the desert would ever refuse to give a stranger food and water”可知，沙漠里没有人会拒绝给一个陌生人食物和水，由此可推断，他们是很友好的(hospitable)，故答案为D项。
3．In the desert, ________．
A．it rains in spring only
B．it rains for a short time every month
C．there is some rain, but far from enough
D．the rainfall is just enough for the plants
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“There is little rain in the desert, but it does not fall often enough for most plants.”可知，沙漠有少量降水，但并不充足。故答案为C项。
4．According to the passage, people live ________．
A．only inside the oases
B．only outside the oases
C．both inside and outside the oases
D．in places with regular rainfalls
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“People also live outside oases (绿洲)．..”和第三段第四句“... they trade their skins and their goats and camel hairs with the people of oases for wheat and fruit.”可知，人们有住在绿洲内的，也有住在绿洲外的。故答案为C项。
语法填空
A big fire broke out in a clothing factory in our city last Wednesday. At 9：18 that morning, when the employees were working 1.____________(busy) in the 4-storeyed building, heavy smoke was seen 2.____________(come) out of the windows on the second floor. The fire lasted nearly an hour, and the majority of the 345 employees managed 3.____________(escape) from the fire. Unfortunately, 7 were killed, and 23 injured, lightly or seriously.
Some workers 4.____________(complain) that aids came too late, 5.____________ the firemen did come just 10 minutes after the fire was reported.To rescue everyone from the burning and smoking building in such a short time was too difficult. The only two exits of the big building were not enough for so many people to withdraw in 6.____________hurry.
The reason of the fire, according to an investigator, was 7.____________someone broke the non-smoking rule in the factory, because some cigarette 8.____________(end) were found.Next two weeks, 15 inspection teams will be working in all the factories 9.____________turn, aiming to clear away the possibility of more fires. 10.____________(hope), no disasters like this will happen again.
【解题导语】 文章描述了一家服装厂发生的火灾。虽然消防人员及时赶到但还是造成了人员死伤。
1．busily 解析：考查副词。此处修饰动词work用副词，指忙碌地工作。故填busily。
2．coming 解析：考查动词形式。此处是see sb.doing sth.用法，表示“看到某人正在做某事”。此处指烟正在飘出来，故填coming。
3．to escape 解析：考查不定式。manage to do sth.“设法成功做某事”，故填to escape。
4．complained 解析：考查时态。全文是过去时，此处也用过去式，故填complained。
5．but 解析：考查连词。句意：一些工人抱怨救援来晚了，但是消防人员接到火灾报告后10分钟就来了。前后句表转折，故填but。
6．a 解析：考查冠词。in a hurry “在匆忙中”是固定短语，故填a。
7．that 解析：考查代词。此处是表语从句，用that引导。故填that。
8．ends 解析：考查名词。cigarette end “烟头”，此处由some修饰用复数，故填ends。
9．in 解析：考查介词。in turn “轮流”是固定短语，故填in。
10．Hopefully 解析：考查副词。对后面整个句子进行修饰，用副词，故填hopefully。
短文改错
Christie was one of my best friend at my high school. At that time, we often spend time together. Thank to her help, I made a great progress in my study. Last year, she decided to study aboard.In another words, we would be separated for a long time. Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said it was the best gift she has ever had.From then on, we’ve kept touch with each other through e-mails. I look forward to see her again in the near future.
答案：
Christie was one of my best at my high school. At that time, we often time together. to her help, I made great progress in my study.Last year, she decided to study . In words, we would be separated for a long time. Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to .She said it was the best gift she ever had.From then on，we’ve kept touch with each other through e-mails. I look forward to her again in the near future.
书面表达
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack想来中国旅行。请根据以下要点提示，给他写封电子邮件，建议他乘坐公共交通工具游玩：
1．节省能源，降低污染；
2．缓解交通拥挤；
3．节省开支。
注意：词数100左右。
参考词汇：减少 reduce；公共交通public transport
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Jack，
I’m happy that you are coming to visit our country.As you know，air pollution is becoming worse and worse，so I advise you to tour China by public transport，such as by bus，by train or by subway.
There are many advantages of using public transport.Firstly，we can save lots of energy.In turn，we can reduce air pollution.Secondly，using public transport can make roads less crowded.Finally，it’s much cheaper to travel by public transport.So you can save your money.
I hope you will have a good time in China!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
课件21张PPT。Module 4 Sandstorms in Asiaexpress my viewsused tobecause of/as a result ofin order to/so as tocut downstriketake care of/look after carefullyimprove have been cutting down trees and digging up grassAs time went onstruck us now and then本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．(2019·山西曲沃中学高一月考)She didn’t move quickly enough to__avoid(avoid) being knocked down by the car.
2．I think it is very important to__protect(protect) this rare species.
3．Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to__speak(speak) to the new students.
4．Finding he had no key, he had no choice but to__wait(wait) till his mother came back.
5．Are you going to the concert to__be__given(give) next weekend by Lang Lang，a young pianist?
6．(2016·北京卷)To make it easier to__get(get) in touch with us，you’d better keep this card at hand.
7．Li Na was proud to__have__won(win) several champions at home and abroad.
8．(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train to__catch(catch)．
9．When Tom’s mother entered his room, he pretended to__be__sleeping(sleep)．
10．For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to__be__told(tell) to come again the next day.
阅读理解
The deserts of the world are not all covered by sand. Many of them have surfaces of rock or clay or small stones. They are not flat, either. They often have high hills and deep valleys. There is some plants’ life in many parts of the desert. There is little rain in the desert, but it does not fall often enough for most plants.
The deserts of the world are not uninhabited (not lived by people). People also live outside oases (绿洲), but these people are not farmers. They have camels, goats, donkeys, sheep, etc. These animals can live on the desert plants and do not need much water.
The people of the desert have to move constantly from place to place; they must always look for grasses or desert plants for their animals. They usually live in tents. When there is no more food for their animals, they fold up their tents, pat them on their camels and donkeys, and move to another place. In good years, when there is enough food for their animals, they trade their skins and their goats and camel hairs with the people of oases for wheat and fruit. But in bad years, when there is not enough food for their animals, the people of the desert would attack the oases people. But they are also hospitable;__no man in the desert would ever refuse to give a stranger food and water.
【解题导语】 沙漠并非仅仅被沙子覆盖，有高高的山丘，深深的山谷，也有一些沙漠植物。沙漠人居无定所，他们的牲畜就是依靠这些植物生存的。
1．According to the passage, deserts are mostly made up of ________．
A．clay B．rock
C．sand D．stones
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一、二句“The deserts of the world are not all covered by sand. Many of them have surfaces of rock or clay or small stones.”可知，世界上的沙漠并非全都覆盖着沙。许多沙漠表面有岩石、泥土或小石子，由此可推知，沙漠主要是由沙组成的。故答案为C项。
2．The underlined word“hospitable”has the meaning of being ________．
A．brave B．cruel
C．strange D．kind
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一句中的“no man in the desert would ever refuse to give a stranger food and water”可知，沙漠里没有人会拒绝给一个陌生人食物和水，由此可推断，他们是很友好的(hospitable)，故答案为D项。
3．In the desert, ________．
A．it rains in spring only
B．it rains for a short time every month
C．there is some rain, but far from enough
D．the rainfall is just enough for the plants
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“There is little rain in the desert, but it does not fall often enough for most plants.”可知，沙漠有少量降水，但并不充足。故答案为C项。
4．According to the passage, people live ________．
A．only inside the oases
B．only outside the oases
C．both inside and outside the oases
D．in places with regular rainfalls
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“People also live outside oases (绿洲)．..”和第三段第四句“... they trade their skins and their goats and camel hairs with the people of oases for wheat and fruit.”可知，人们有住在绿洲内的，也有住在绿洲外的。故答案为C项。
语法填空
A big fire broke out in a clothing factory in our city last Wednesday. At 9：18 that morning, when the employees were working 1.____________(busy) in the 4-storeyed building, heavy smoke was seen 2.____________(come) out of the windows on the second floor. The fire lasted nearly an hour, and the majority of the 345 employees managed 3.____________(escape) from the fire. Unfortunately, 7 were killed, and 23 injured, lightly or seriously.
Some workers 4.____________(complain) that aids came too late, 5.____________ the firemen did come just 10 minutes after the fire was reported.To rescue everyone from the burning and smoking building in such a short time was too difficult. The only two exits of the big building were not enough for so many people to withdraw in 6.____________hurry.
The reason of the fire, according to an investigator, was 7.____________someone broke the non-smoking rule in the factory, because some cigarette 8.____________(end) were found.Next two weeks, 15 inspection teams will be working in all the factories 9.____________turn, aiming to clear away the possibility of more fires. 10.____________(hope), no disasters like this will happen again.
【解题导语】 文章描述了一家服装厂发生的火灾。虽然消防人员及时赶到但还是造成了人员死伤。
1．busily 解析：考查副词。此处修饰动词work用副词，指忙碌地工作。故填busily。
2．coming 解析：考查动词形式。此处是see sb.doing sth.用法，表示“看到某人正在做某事”。此处指烟正在飘出来，故填coming。
3．to escape 解析：考查不定式。manage to do sth.“设法成功做某事”，故填to escape。
4．complained 解析：考查时态。全文是过去时，此处也用过去式，故填complained。
5．but 解析：考查连词。句意：一些工人抱怨救援来晚了，但是消防人员接到火灾报告后10分钟就来了。前后句表转折，故填but。
6．a 解析：考查冠词。in a hurry “在匆忙中”是固定短语，故填a。
7．that 解析：考查代词。此处是表语从句，用that引导。故填that。
8．ends 解析：考查名词。cigarette end “烟头”，此处由some修饰用复数，故填ends。
9．in 解析：考查介词。in turn “轮流”是固定短语，故填in。
10．Hopefully 解析：考查副词。对后面整个句子进行修饰，用副词，故填hopefully。
短文改错
Christie was one of my best friend at my high school. At that time, we often spend time together. Thank to her help, I made a great progress in my study. Last year, she decided to study aboard.In another words, we would be separated for a long time. Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him. She said it was the best gift she has ever had.From then on, we’ve kept touch with each other through e-mails. I look forward to see her again in the near future.
答案：
Christie was one of my best at my high school. At that time, we often time together. to her help, I made great progress in my study.Last year, she decided to study . In words, we would be separated for a long time. Before her leaving, I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to .She said it was the best gift she ever had.From then on，we’ve kept touch with each other through e-mails. I look forward to her again in the near future.
书面表达
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack想来中国旅行。请根据以下要点提示，给他写封电子邮件，建议他乘坐公共交通工具游玩：
1．节省能源，降低污染；
2．缓解交通拥挤；
3．节省开支。
注意：词数100左右。
参考词汇：减少 reduce；公共交通public transport
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One possible version：
Dear Jack，
I’m happy that you are coming to visit our country.As you know，air pollution is becoming worse and worse，so I advise you to tour China by public transport，such as by bus，by train or by subway.
There are many advantages of using public transport.Firstly，we can save lots of energy.In turn，we can reduce air pollution.Secondly，using public transport can make roads less crowded.Finally，it’s much cheaper to travel by public transport.So you can save your money.
I hope you will have a good time in China!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.The frightening scene frightened the boy. He felt frightened but he tried to hide his fright．(fright)
2.①(2019·北京西城区高一期末)Knowing your strengths(strong) and weaknesses will help you achieve your dreams.
②And the best way to__strengthen(strong) willpower is to make it into a habit.
③Having failed once again, he didn’t have the strength to__have(have) another try.
3.①As we all know, parents focus their attention on their children’s study, because it is concerned with/in their future.
②Concerned(concern) about the health of her son, Mrs. Jackson went to the school to visit him every week.
③I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information concerning(concern) the way of learning English.
④__As__far__as__I’m__concerned(就我而言)，riding bicycles is a good solution to air pollution.
4.①(2018·天津卷)The students began complaining about how cold it would be.
②Not a single person has made complaints(complain) to the manager of/about the poor quality of the food so far.
③(北京卷)Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk.
5.Lacking proper protection against cold, we try to make a fire to protect us from the cold night.(protect)
阅读词汇排查练
1.sandstorm n． 沙尘暴
2．inland adj. 内地的；内陆的
3．dune n. 沙丘
4．desertification n. (土地的)沙
漠化
5.cycle vi. 骑自行车
6．mask n. 面罩
7．chemical n. 化学药品
8．garbage n. 废料；垃圾
9.melt vi. 融化
10．coastal adj. 沿海的
11．nutshell n. 坚果壳；简单的一句话
12．scary adj. 恐怖的；吓人的
重点短语
会书写
1.cut__down 砍倒；削减
2．be__caught__in 突然遭遇(风暴等)
3．one__after__another 一个接一个地
4．have__a__bad__effect__on 对……有坏影响
5．take__in 吸收
6．give__out 放出；发出
7．in__a__nutshell 简言之；概括地讲
8．look__through 浏览；仔细检查
9．wake__up__to 醒来面对；意识到
会应用
1.It’s generally agreed that trees do a lot of good to the environment. They take__in carbon dioxide and give__out oxygen.
2．If we keep on cutting__down trees, disasters like sandstorms are likely to come one__after__another．
3．Nowadays the number of electric tricycles is rising rapidly, which has__a__bad__effect__on the road safety. Often we are__caught__in the traffic jam as a result of electric tricycle drivers not obeying traffic rules.
重点句型
1.so... that...引导结果状语从句
路上的雪太多，汽车不能开得太快。
There was so__much__snow__on__the__road__that the cars couldn’t move fast.
2．动词不定式作主语
对我而言，要在如此短的时间内完成这项任务很难。
To__finish__the__task__in__such__a__short__time is very hard for me.
3．appear to do/to have done (＝It appears that...)看起来/看起来已经……
从他的表情来看，他似乎已经发现了真相。
Judging from his appearance, he appeared__to__have__found__out the truth.
4．make it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.
大雨使得我们按时到达那儿变得艰难。
The heavy rain made__it__difficult for us to get there on time.
5．if possible (＝if it is possible)如果可能的话
如果可能的话，我出差去上海时会拜访我的老同学。
If__possible,__I will visit my old classmate when I go to Shanghai on business.
单元语法
1．The best time to__visit(visit) Xinjiang is from May to October because the weather is mild.
2．How brave the girl was when facing the fire！We cannot but admire(admire) her.
3．Mother asked my sister not to__make(make) so much noise，for my father was sleeping.
4. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only to__be__told(tell) the film stars had left.
5. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to__sit(sit) on.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．我们人类对环境造成了巨大的损害。这种损害对我们的生存有很坏的影响。(have a bad effect on)
2．越来越多的人意识到这点，并为此抱怨。(complain about)
3．保护环境已成为社会的一个主要关注点。(a major concern of)
4．在我看来，为了我们的未来，我们只能保护我们的环境。(as far as...be concerned; do nothing but...)
5．当务之急是提高人们的环保意识。努力工作， 赢得保护环境的战役是我们每个公民的职责。(It is urgent to...; citizen’s duty; campaign)
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One possible version：
We human beings have caused great damage to our environment, which has a bad effect on our existence.More and more people have realized this problem and complain about it.Therefore, protecting the environment has become a major concern of the society.
As far as I am concerned, for our future we can do nothing but protect our environment.It is urgent to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.And it’s every citizen’s duty to work hard to win the campaign of protecting the environment.
课件16张PPT。Module 4 Sandstorms in Asiafrighteningfrightenedfrightened frightstrengthsModule 4 Sandstorms in Asiato strengthento havewith/in ConcernedconcerningAs far as I’m concernedaboutcomplaintsof/abouttoprotectionprotect沙尘暴内地的；内陆的沙丘(土地的)沙漠化骑自行车面罩化学药品废料；垃圾融化沿海的坚果壳；简单的一句话恐怖的；吓人的cut downbe caught inone after anotherhave a bad effect ontake ingive out in a nutshell look throughwake up totake ingive outcutting downone after anotherhas a bad effect onare caught inso much snow on the road thatTo finish the task in such a short timeappeared to have found out made it difficultIf possibleto visitadmireto maketo be toldto sit本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
