科学家在每个人的心目中都具有崇高的地位。古往今来，无数科学家的故事都激励着一代又一代人。你最敬佩的科学家是哪一位呢？下面就让我们一起了解一下中国著名科学家——袁隆平！
Yuan Longping, a Chinese agriculturalist, was born in 1930.Professor Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953 and has devoted himself to agricultural education and research since then. He is currently(目前；当前) an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Honorary(名誉) President of the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Professor Yuan is a pioneer in hybrid rice research and has made remarkable achievements in this area. He first developed hybrid rice in the world. It is regarded as the fifth invention after China’s Four Major Inventions, and is acclaimed(称赞) as the Second
Green Revolution. The achievements of Yuan Longping greatly solved the food shortage and provided a solution to the worldwide starvation. He was awarded with many international awards, such as Gold Medal Award for the Outstanding Inventor of the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization, etc.
As far as I’m concerned, agriculture is very important for a country and food supply is also important for people. We can’t imagine what the world will be like if we lose agriculture and food supply. But thanks to some great agriculturalists, many problems about agriculture and food supply are solved. And in this module we’ll learn about a famous agriculturalist—Yuan Longping.
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.leading adj. 主要的
2.figure n. 人物
3.publish vt. 出版
4.breakthrough__n． 突破
5.support__ vt. 支持
6.replace__ vt. 取代；以……代替
拓展词汇
7.educate vt.教育→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教师
8.original adj.原来的；最初的→origin n．起源
9.agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的
10.production n．产量→produce v．生产→producer n．生产者
11.export__ vt.出口→import vt.进口(反义词)
12.quantity n．数量→quality n．质量
阅读词汇
13.biology n． 生物学
14.botany n. 植物学
15.genetics n. 遗传学
16.zoology n. 动物学
17.staple adj. 主要的；重要的
18.nickname n． 绰号
19.breeding n. 培育
20.species n. (动物或植物的)种
21.yield n. 产量
22.convert vt. 改变；转换
重点短语
1.bring__up 培养；养育
2.as__a__result__of 由于……的结果
3.the__key__to... ……的关键
4.bring__in 引入；挣得
重点句型
1.不定式作表语：He thought that the key to feeding people was to__have__more__rice__and__to__produce__it__more__quickly(拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来).
2.the way to do sth.做某事的方法：He thought there was only__one__way__to__do__this (做这件事的唯一方法)—by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.
Read the text and match the main idea of each paragraph.
1．Para.1 A．His discoveries have brought in great profit.
2．Para.2 B．As a boy, he was called “the student who asks questions”．
3．Para.3 C．Yuan Longping is a leading figure in the rice growing world.
4．Para.4 D．The yield of the new hybrid rice is much greater than that of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.
5．Para.5 E．As a young teacher, he began experiments in crop breeding.
6．Para.6 F．He discovered a new type of rice.
答案：1－6.CBEFAD
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．From the passage we know that Yuan Longping ________．
A．got interested in plants in college
B．studied in an agricultural school when he was a boy
C．asked a lot of questions at school when he was a boy
D．began experiments in crop breeding when he was a college student
2．In Yuan’s opinion, the only way to produce more rice and to produce it more quickly was to ________．
A．increase rice planting areas
B．develop a new kind of fast growing rice
C．search for a special type of rice plant
D．develop a new kind of rice which can give a higher yield
3．According to the text we can know that ________．
A．rice is grown in most European countries
B．wheat is the most important crop in Pakistan
C．Yuan’s research was supported by himself
D．Yuan’s rice will be grown in more and more countries
4．The last two paragraphs mainly talk about ________．
A．the development of China’s agriculture
B．Yuan Longping’s late life
C．foreign countries’ agriculture
D．Yuan Longping’s contributions to China and the world
答案：1－4.CDBD
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
that引导宾语从句，作thought的宾语。从句的主语为the key，to feeding people为the key的定语，to have more rice and to produce it more quickly为不定式作表语。
[翻译] 他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。
2．He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.
[翻译] 他认为，唯一的办法是使不同品种的水稻杂交，这样就能培育出比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的新品种。
①staple['steIpl]adj.主要的；重要的
②producer[pr?'dju?s?]n.生产者
③grow v．生长；成长
过去式、过去分词分别为grew，grown。
④leading['li?dI?]adj.主要的
figure['fIɡ?]n.人物
a leading figure一位杰出人士
⑤bring up培养；养育
⑥educate['edj??keIt]vt.教育
⑦nickname['nIk?neIm]n.绰号
⑧be interested in对……感兴趣
take an interest in对……产生兴趣
⑨agriculture['?ɡrI?k?lt??]n.农业
⑩begin experiments in在……方面开始实验
?breeding['bri?dI?]n.培育
?the key to...……的关键
to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。
?one way to do...一种做……的方法
修饰way时可以用动词不定式to do...或of doing...。
?by crossing...通过杂交……
?species['spi??i?z]n.(动物或植物的)种
该词同means，series等一样，单复数同形。
?yield[ji?ld]n.产量
?original[?'rId?In?l]adj.原来的；最初的
?experiment with用……做实验
此处experiment用作动词。
?publish['p?blI?]vt.出版
come out出版，是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态。
?search在此处用作名词，后接介词for。
sterile['steraIl]adj.(指生物)不孕育的；不结果实的
breakthrough['breIkθru?]n.突破
make/have a breakthrough取得突破
bring in sb.使某人参加
from all over China来自全中国
support[s?'p??t]vt.支持
be supported by由……支持、赞助
as a result of由于……的结果
production[pr?'d?k?n]n.产量
rise by增长了(多少)
advantage n．优点；优势
square kilometre平方千米
convert[k?n'v??t]vt.改变；转换
be converted to被转换为，注意to为介词。
cash crop n．经济作物
export[Ik'sp??t]vt.出口
be exported to被出口到(国家)
the second most important第二重要的
hybrid['haIbrId]n.杂交种
agricultural[??ɡrI'k?lt??r?l]adj.农业的
The Student Who Asked Questions
In a hungry world rice is a staple① food and China is the world’s largest producer②. Rice is also grown③ in many other Asian countries，and in some European countries like Italy. In the rice-growing world, the Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping，is a leading figure④.
Yuan Longping was born and brought up⑤ in China. As a boy he was educated⑥ in many schools and was given the nickname⑦， “the student who asks questions”．
◆as a boy中as是介词，as a boy相当于时间状语从句when he was a boy。
◆who asks questions是who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the student。
From an early age he was interested in⑧ plants.He studied agriculture⑨ in college and as a young teacher he began experiments in⑩ crop breeding?.He thought that the key to? feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.He thought there was only one way to do? this—by crossing? different species? of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield? than either of the original? plants.
First Yuan Longping experimented with? different types of rice.The results of his experiments were published? in China in 1966.Then he began his search? for a special type of rice plant.It had to be male.It had to be sterile.Finally, in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered.This was the breakthrough.Researchers were brought in from all over China to develop the new system.The research was supported by the government.
As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990’s.There were other advantages too.50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.Following this, Yuan Longping’s rice was exported to other countries, such as Pakistan and the Philippines.
◆Following this中，Following可视为介词，表示“在……以后；由于”。
In Pakistan rice is the second most importantB34 crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country.The new hybrid rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China.Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan．
◆过去分词短语grown in Pakistan作后置定语，修饰other types of rice。注意句中还运用了much修饰greater。
问问题的学生
在全球粮食短缺的情况下，水稻是主要粮食，而中国是世界上最大的水稻产地。亚洲其他许多国家和一些欧洲国家比如意大利等也种植水稻。在水稻种植领域，中国科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人士。
袁隆平在中国出生并长大。小时候，他在许多学校读过书，得了个“问问题的学生”的绰号。
袁隆平从小就对植物感兴趣。他在大学里研究农业，作为一名年轻的教师，他开始了作物育种方面的实验。他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。他认为，唯一的办法是使不同品种的水稻杂交，这样就能培育出比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的新品种。
首先，袁隆平对不同品种的水稻进行了实验。1966年，他的实验结果在中国发表了。接着，他开始寻找一种特殊的稻种。这种稻种必须是雄性且不结果的。终于在1970年，一种天然的雄性不育稻种被发现。这是一个突破。中国各地的研究者们被召集在一起开发新的水稻品种。这项研究得到了政府的支持。
由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%。这一发现还带来了其他的好处。5万平方千米的稻田被改为种植蔬菜和其他经济作物。在这之后，袁隆平研制的水稻还出口到巴基斯坦和菲律宾等其他国家。
在巴基斯坦，水稻是继小麦之后第二重要的作物并将在这个国家的许多地方种植。中国袁隆平高科技农业公司已培育出新的杂交水稻。这种杂交水稻的产量远高于巴基斯坦其他种类水稻的产量。
阅读理解
A
George Washington Carver was born some time in the early-mid 1860s. As a sickly child, Carver was unable to work in the fields, so he did gardening.He was left with many free hours to walk in the woods—beginning his career with nature.He soon became known as the “Plant Doctor” and would help friends and neighbors manage sick plants.
In 1890, Carver began to study music and art at Simpson College.His artwork was on show at the 1893 World’s Fair.Painting gave him the chance to combine his two loves—art and nature.Yet it was his talents(天赋) for gardening that took him in another direction in 1891.Carver became the first African-American to attend what is today Iowa State University.He proved to be a first-class student and upon graduation he became the school’s first African-American teacher.
In 1896, he received an invitation from Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School in Tuskegee, Alabama.Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.He and his students would search trash heaps(垃圾堆) for things to use.This proved that Dr.Carver was well ahead of his time.
In 1916, he published a research report on peanuts, which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy(经济) of the South when it was destroyed by the cotton insects’ attack.Carver continued his research with the peanut.He went on to find many uses for the peanut.But he didn’t invent peanut butter(花生酱)．
Dr.Carver’s research earned him much worldwide praise.Dr.George Washington Carver died on January 5, 1943, and was buried at Tuskegee.Carver contributed his whole life savings to Tuskegee.Upon his death, Franklin D. Roosevelt gave him the title “an inspiring example to youth everywhere”．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了植物学家George Washington Carver的生平。
1．How was Carver’s childhood?
A．He dreamed of being a doctor.
B．He grew crops in the fields.
C．He enjoyed good health.
D．He took up gardening.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he did gardening”可知，George Washington Carver年少时料理花园。
2．How was Carver’s performance during his education?
A．Bad. B．Strange.
C．Ordinary. D．Excellent.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He proved to be a first-class student”可知，George Washington Carver在学校表现出色。
3．What do we know about Carver’s life in Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School?
A．He was well paid by the school.
B．He relied on himself to build his lab.
C．He saved money by picking up trash.
D．He published his findings ahead of time.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.”可知，George Washington Carver所在的学校没有足够的资金，因此他依靠自己的力量来建立实验室。
B
Some years ago, a 28-year-old Californian wife and mother of three children died from drinking too much water. Her body was found in her home shortly after she took part in a water-drinking contest that was held by a local radio show. Called“Hold Your Wee For A Wii”， the contest organizers promised a free Wii video game machine to those who drank the most water without going to the bathroom. The woman who died drank about 2 gallons of water during the contest. When she and other participants complained of discomfort and showed signs of pains, they were laughed at by the organizers.
This tragic news story shows the importance of understanding why drinking too much water can be dangerous to your health.
Consuming more water than you need can increase your total blood volume(容量). And since your blood volume exists within a closed system, increasing your blood volume puts unnecessary stress on your heart and blood vessels(血管). Your kidneys(肾) must work overtime to get rid of extra water out of your system. Your kidneys are not a pair of pipes. Flushing more water through your kidneys doesn’t necessarily help it become cleaner. Rather, your kidneys can get damaged by unnecessary wear and tear over time. And drowning your system with large amounts of water is one of many potential causes of kidney damage.
Putting unnecessary stress on your system and your kidneys by consuming unnecessary water is an unnoticeable process. For the average person, it is usually impossible to know that this stress exists, as there are usually no obvious symptoms on a moment-to-moment basis. But make no mistake about it: this stress is real and can hurt your health over the long term.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。过量饮水对我们的健康危害很大，我们应该避免过量饮水。
4．Why is the Californian woman mentioned?
A．To lead to the topic of the text.
B．To tell us a tragic news story about a mother.
C．To tell us it can be dangerous to take part in contests.
D．To tell us how much water we can drink at most one time.
A 解析：推理判断题。本文主要是讲过量饮水对身体有害，而提到那位死去的加州女士的故事是为了引出这个话题。
5．When the participants showed signs of pains, the organizers ________．
A．became very concerned
B．were laughed at by others
C．tried to reduce their pains
D．didn’t pay much attention to them
D 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“When she and other participants complained of... laughed at by the organizers.”可知，那些组织者并没怎么在意他们。
6．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．How water is consumed in our body.
B．The importance of water to our health.
C．Why drinking too much water is dangerous.
D．The fun_ction of kidneys in consuming water.
C 解析：段落大意题。本段主要讲过量饮水为什么对身体有害。
7．The stress caused by consuming unnecessary water ________．
A．isn’t that dangerous
B．can never be found out
C．is really harmful in the long run
D．leads to some obvious symptoms
C 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段“But make no... your health over the long term.”可知，过量饮水从长远来看对健康非常有害。
完形填空
Sandy Greenberg came from a poor family. He went to Columbia University on a scholarship(奖学金) and there he met his roommate who also was receiving financial __1__．
Unfortunately, Sandy had a(n) __2__ disease during his second year at Columbia University, and finally he became blind. But __3__ for Sandy, something else also happened to him—his roommate would __4__ his textbooks to him every night after he lost his sight.
As a result, Sandy went on to __5__ with honors. He went off to study at Oxford. He was still quite poor, but he had managed to __6__ about five hundred dollars as he went along.
His roommate __7__ went on to graduate school(研究生院). One day, Sandy got a __8__ from him at Oxford. His former roommate said，“Sandy, I’m really __9__. I really don’t like being in graduate school, and I don’t want to do this.”
“Well, what do you want to do？”Sandy __10__．
His roommate told him，“Sandy, I really love to __11__. I have a high school friend who plays the guitar. And we would really like to __12__ in the music business. But we need to make a promo record(宣传唱片), and in order to __13__ that I need $150.”
Sandy took all his life savings without __14__ and sent it to his roommate. Well, his roommate was the __15__ famous singer, Art Garfunkel, and he __16__ up with another musician, Paul Simon. That $150 __17__ them make a record that finally became The Sounds of Silence.
How we are able to deal with __18__ in our lives will be influenced by how we deal with others __19__ the way. What we get will depend a lot on what we __20__. And that’s the end of the story of doing well by doing good.
【解题导语】 桑迪在上哥伦比亚大学时得到过室友无私的帮助。后来， 室友遇到困难， 桑迪毫不犹豫地伸出了援手， 帮助室友完成了梦想。
1．A.aid B．advice
C．difficulty D．pressure
A 解析：上文提到桑迪·格林伯格家境贫困， 靠奖学金进入哥伦比亚大学学习， 再结合空前面的“also”可知， 他的室友也在接受经济“援助”。
2．A.eye B．ear
C．heart D．bone
A 解析：根据空后面的“finally he became blind”可知， 桑迪患的是“眼”疾。
3．A.unluckily B．luckily
C．sadly D．excitedly
B 解析：根据空后面的“his roommate would ______his textbooks to him every night after he lost his sight”可知， 此处表示“幸运的是”。
4．A.lend B．offer
C．read D．recite
C 解析：桑迪失明后， 他的室友每晚都会把教科书中的内容“读”给他听。
5．A.survive B．research
C．leave D．graduate
D 解析：根据上下文内容可知， 此处表示桑迪以优异的成绩“毕业”。
6．A.save B．earn
C．keep D．borrow
A 解析：他仍然非常贫穷， 但是他设法“积攒”了大约500美元。
7．A.naturally B．certainly
C．either D．also
D 解析：根据空后面的“being in graduate school”可知， 他的室友“也”继续去研究生院深造。
8．A.message B．call
C．letter D．note
B 解析：根据两人之间的谈话内容可推知， 桑迪在牛津接到了他前室友的“电话”。
9．A.unhappy B．unhealthy
C．homesick D．lonely
A 解析：由空后一句的内容可推知， 他真的“不开心”。
10．A.suggested B．answered
C．asked D．laughed
C 解析：上文提到他的前室友说他不想在研究生院学习， 再结合本句的内容可知， 桑迪“问”他想干什么。
11．A.work B．sing
C．dance D．travel
B 解析：结合下文可知， 事实上桑迪的前室友喜欢“唱歌”。
12．A.try our hardest B．try our best
C．try our hand D．try our patience
C 解析：结合上下文内容可推知， 他们想在音乐界“尝试”一下。try one’s hand表示“尝试”。
13．A.win B．do
C．prove D．reach
B 解析：他们想制作一张宣传唱片， 为了那么“做”， 他的前室友需要150美元。
14．A.permission B．consideration
C．hesitation D．expectation
C 解析：桑迪毫不“犹豫”地取出了他的生活积蓄， 把这些钱寄给了他的前室友。
15．A.past B．present
C．former D．later
D 解析：他的前室友就是“后来的”著名歌手亚特·葛芬柯。
16．A.teamed B．got
C．showed D．set
A 解析：他与另外一位音乐家保罗·西蒙“合作”。
17．A.prevented B．helped
C．had D．let
B 解析：那150美元“帮助”他们制作了一张唱片， 并最终成就了名曲《寂静之声》。
18．A.friends B．opportunities
C．difficulties D．feelings
C 解析：根据上文叙述的内容可知， 桑迪和他的前室友都是历经磨难后而有所成就的， 所以表示的是解决“困难”。
19．A.across B．in
C．by D．along
D 解析：桑迪和他的前室友互帮互助， 由此可知， 我们在人生中如何应对困难将受我们一路上如何处理与他人的关系的影响。along the way表示“一路过来”。
20．A.take B．give
C．like D．learn
B 解析：根据桑迪和他的前室友之间无私的友情可知， 我们获得什么很大程度上取决于我们“给予”什么。
课件38张PPT。Module 4 Great ScientistsModule 4 Great ScientistsModule 4 Great ScientistsModule 4 Great ScientistsModule 4 Great ScientistsModule 4 Great Scientistsleadingfigurepublishbreakthroughsupportreplaceeducateoriginalagricultureproductionexportquantity生物学植物学遗传学动物学主要的；重要的绰号培育(动物或植物的)种产量改变；转换bring upas a result ofthe key to...bring into have more rice and to produce it more quicklyonly one way to do this宾语表语本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
阅读理解
A
George Washington Carver was born some time in the early-mid 1860s. As a sickly child, Carver was unable to work in the fields, so he did gardening.He was left with many free hours to walk in the woods—beginning his career with nature.He soon became known as the “Plant Doctor” and would help friends and neighbors manage sick plants.
In 1890, Carver began to study music and art at Simpson College.His artwork was on show at the 1893 World’s Fair.Painting gave him the chance to combine his two loves—art and nature.Yet it was his talents(天赋) for gardening that took him in another direction in 1891.Carver became the first African-American to attend what is today Iowa State University.He proved to be a first-class student and upon graduation he became the school’s first African-American teacher.
In 1896, he received an invitation from Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School in Tuskegee, Alabama.Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.He and his students would search trash heaps(垃圾堆) for things to use.This proved that Dr.Carver was well ahead of his time.
In 1916, he published a research report on peanuts, which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy(经济) of the South when it was destroyed by the cotton insects’ attack.Carver continued his research with the peanut.He went on to find many uses for the peanut.But he didn’t invent peanut butter(花生酱)．
Dr.Carver’s research earned him much worldwide praise.Dr.George Washington Carver died on January 5, 1943, and was buried at Tuskegee.Carver contributed his whole life savings to Tuskegee.Upon his death, Franklin D. Roosevelt gave him the title “an inspiring example to youth everywhere”．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了植物学家George Washington Carver的生平。
1．How was Carver’s childhood?
A．He dreamed of being a doctor.
B．He grew crops in the fields.
C．He enjoyed good health.
D．He took up gardening.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he did gardening”可知，George Washington Carver年少时料理花园。
2．How was Carver’s performance during his education?
A．Bad. B．Strange.
C．Ordinary. D．Excellent.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He proved to be a first-class student”可知，George Washington Carver在学校表现出色。
3．What do we know about Carver’s life in Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School?
A．He was well paid by the school.
B．He relied on himself to build his lab.
C．He saved money by picking up trash.
D．He published his findings ahead of time.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.”可知，George Washington Carver所在的学校没有足够的资金，因此他依靠自己的力量来建立实验室。
B
Some years ago, a 28-year-old Californian wife and mother of three children died from drinking too much water. Her body was found in her home shortly after she took part in a water-drinking contest that was held by a local radio show. Called“Hold Your Wee For A Wii”， the contest organizers promised a free Wii video game machine to those who drank the most water without going to the bathroom. The woman who died drank about 2 gallons of water during the contest. When she and other participants complained of discomfort and showed signs of pains, they were laughed at by the organizers.
This tragic news story shows the importance of understanding why drinking too much water can be dangerous to your health.
Consuming more water than you need can increase your total blood volume(容量). And since your blood volume exists within a closed system, increasing your blood volume puts unnecessary stress on your heart and blood vessels(血管). Your kidneys(肾) must work overtime to get rid of extra water out of your system. Your kidneys are not a pair of pipes. Flushing more water through your kidneys doesn’t necessarily help it become cleaner. Rather, your kidneys can get damaged by unnecessary wear and tear over time. And drowning your system with large amounts of water is one of many potential causes of kidney damage.
Putting unnecessary stress on your system and your kidneys by consuming unnecessary water is an unnoticeable process. For the average person, it is usually impossible to know that this stress exists, as there are usually no obvious symptoms on a moment-to-moment basis. But make no mistake about it: this stress is real and can hurt your health over the long term.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。过量饮水对我们的健康危害很大，我们应该避免过量饮水。
4．Why is the Californian woman mentioned?
A．To lead to the topic of the text.
B．To tell us a tragic news story about a mother.
C．To tell us it can be dangerous to take part in contests.
D．To tell us how much water we can drink at most one time.
A 解析：推理判断题。本文主要是讲过量饮水对身体有害，而提到那位死去的加州女士的故事是为了引出这个话题。
5．When the participants showed signs of pains, the organizers ________．
A．became very concerned
B．were laughed at by others
C．tried to reduce their pains
D．didn’t pay much attention to them
D 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的“When she and other participants complained of... laughed at by the organizers.”可知，那些组织者并没怎么在意他们。
6．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．How water is consumed in our body.
B．The importance of water to our health.
C．Why drinking too much water is dangerous.
D．The fun_ction of kidneys in consuming water.
C 解析：段落大意题。本段主要讲过量饮水为什么对身体有害。
7．The stress caused by consuming unnecessary water ________．
A．isn’t that dangerous
B．can never be found out
C．is really harmful in the long run
D．leads to some obvious symptoms
C 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段“But make no... your health over the long term.”可知，过量饮水从长远来看对健康非常有害。
完形填空
Sandy Greenberg came from a poor family. He went to Columbia University on a scholarship(奖学金) and there he met his roommate who also was receiving financial __1__．
Unfortunately, Sandy had a(n) __2__ disease during his second year at Columbia University, and finally he became blind. But __3__ for Sandy, something else also happened to him—his roommate would __4__ his textbooks to him every night after he lost his sight.
As a result, Sandy went on to __5__ with honors. He went off to study at Oxford. He was still quite poor, but he had managed to __6__ about five hundred dollars as he went along.
His roommate __7__ went on to graduate school(研究生院). One day, Sandy got a __8__ from him at Oxford. His former roommate said，“Sandy, I’m really __9__. I really don’t like being in graduate school, and I don’t want to do this.”
“Well, what do you want to do？”Sandy __10__．
His roommate told him，“Sandy, I really love to __11__. I have a high school friend who plays the guitar. And we would really like to __12__ in the music business. But we need to make a promo record(宣传唱片), and in order to __13__ that I need $150.”
Sandy took all his life savings without __14__ and sent it to his roommate. Well, his roommate was the __15__ famous singer, Art Garfunkel, and he __16__ up with another musician, Paul Simon. That $150 __17__ them make a record that finally became The Sounds of Silence.
How we are able to deal with __18__ in our lives will be influenced by how we deal with others __19__ the way. What we get will depend a lot on what we __20__. And that’s the end of the story of doing well by doing good.
【解题导语】 桑迪在上哥伦比亚大学时得到过室友无私的帮助。后来， 室友遇到困难， 桑迪毫不犹豫地伸出了援手， 帮助室友完成了梦想。
1．A.aid B．advice
C．difficulty D．pressure
A 解析：上文提到桑迪·格林伯格家境贫困， 靠奖学金进入哥伦比亚大学学习， 再结合空前面的“also”可知， 他的室友也在接受经济“援助”。
2．A.eye B．ear
C．heart D．bone
A 解析：根据空后面的“finally he became blind”可知， 桑迪患的是“眼”疾。
3．A.unluckily B．luckily
C．sadly D．excitedly
B 解析：根据空后面的“his roommate would ______his textbooks to him every night after he lost his sight”可知， 此处表示“幸运的是”。
4．A.lend B．offer
C．read D．recite
C 解析：桑迪失明后， 他的室友每晚都会把教科书中的内容“读”给他听。
5．A.survive B．research
C．leave D．graduate
D 解析：根据上下文内容可知， 此处表示桑迪以优异的成绩“毕业”。
6．A.save B．earn
C．keep D．borrow
A 解析：他仍然非常贫穷， 但是他设法“积攒”了大约500美元。
7．A.naturally B．certainly
C．either D．also
D 解析：根据空后面的“being in graduate school”可知， 他的室友“也”继续去研究生院深造。
8．A.message B．call
C．letter D．note
B 解析：根据两人之间的谈话内容可推知， 桑迪在牛津接到了他前室友的“电话”。
9．A.unhappy B．unhealthy
C．homesick D．lonely
A 解析：由空后一句的内容可推知， 他真的“不开心”。
10．A.suggested B．answered
C．asked D．laughed
C 解析：上文提到他的前室友说他不想在研究生院学习， 再结合本句的内容可知， 桑迪“问”他想干什么。
11．A.work B．sing
C．dance D．travel
B 解析：结合下文可知， 事实上桑迪的前室友喜欢“唱歌”。
12．A.try our hardest B．try our best
C．try our hand D．try our patience
C 解析：结合上下文内容可推知， 他们想在音乐界“尝试”一下。try one’s hand表示“尝试”。
13．A.win B．do
C．prove D．reach
B 解析：他们想制作一张宣传唱片， 为了那么“做”， 他的前室友需要150美元。
14．A.permission B．consideration
C．hesitation D．expectation
C 解析：桑迪毫不“犹豫”地取出了他的生活积蓄， 把这些钱寄给了他的前室友。
15．A.past B．present
C．former D．later
D 解析：他的前室友就是“后来的”著名歌手亚特·葛芬柯。
16．A.teamed B．got
C．showed D．set
A 解析：他与另外一位音乐家保罗·西蒙“合作”。
17．A.prevented B．helped
C．had D．let
B 解析：那150美元“帮助”他们制作了一张唱片， 并最终成就了名曲《寂静之声》。
18．A.friends B．opportunities
C．difficulties D．feelings
C 解析：根据上文叙述的内容可知， 桑迪和他的前室友都是历经磨难后而有所成就的， 所以表示的是解决“困难”。
19．A.across B．in
C．by D．along
D 解析：桑迪和他的前室友互帮互助， 由此可知， 我们在人生中如何应对困难将受我们一路上如何处理与他人的关系的影响。along the way表示“一路过来”。
20．A.take B．give
C．like D．learn
B 解析：根据桑迪和他的前室友之间无私的友情可知， 我们获得什么很大程度上取决于我们“给予”什么。
Section Ⅱ Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary—Language Points
figure n．人物；体形；图案；数字；隐约可见的人影
vt.认为；估计
(教材P32)In the rice-growing world，the Chinese scientist，Yuan Longping, is a leading figure.
在水稻种植领域，中国科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人士。
(1)keep one’s figure 保持身材
(2)figure out 想出；理解；弄明白
[一词多义]——写出下列句中figure的词性和含义
①More than $25 billion in one day is not just a sales figure.n.数字
②(2016·北京卷)As for my favorite figure in Chinese history，it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.n.人物
③ Glancing round, he caught sight of a dark figure in the shadows. n．人影
④I figure that if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning.vt.认为
[链接写作]——完成句子
⑤(福建卷)——我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。
——通过每天锻炼。
—I wonder how Mary has__kept__her__figure__after all these years.
—By working out every day.
⑥(湖北卷)现在的情况非常复杂，因此我想过些时间我才能够弄清楚它的实际情况。
The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to__figure__out its reality.
bring up 培育；养育；提出；呕吐
(教材P32)Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.
袁隆平在中国出生并长大。
bring about 引起，导致
bring back 归还；带回；(事物)使记起
bring down 降低
bring in 吸引；引进；赚得
①(福建卷)Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.
出生在一个有三个兄弟的家庭里，大卫从小接受的教育是要重视与人分享。
②The couple didn’t feel well and they brought up the meal.
那对夫妇感觉不舒服，把饭都吐出来了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨校级月考)He is very aware of what topics he should and should not bring up at the meeting.
②The question whether it is good for children to be brought up by their grandparents brought about a heated discussion.
③(湖北卷)The government has taken measures to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
④New ideas have been brought in since China was opened to the outside world.
support vt.支持；支撑；供养 n．支持；拥护
(教材P32)The research was supported by the government.
这项研究得到了政府的支持。
(1)support sb.in sth. 在某方面支持某人
(2)come to one’s support 来支持某人
in support of... 支持……
with the support of 在……的支持下
(3)supporter n. 支持者；拥护者
①(2016·北京卷)Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。
②I will support myself after graduation from college.
我大学毕业后要自食其力。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The old man entered the hall, supported(support) by his two sons.
②a.My success depends to a large extent on my family’s support because my parents always support me in what I want to do.
b．Whenever I disagree with my brother, my father comes to my support.
③No matter what happens, I will always be your faithful supporter(support)．
as a result of 由于……的结果
(教材P32)As a result of Yuan Longping’s discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990’s.
由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%。
(1)as a result 因此；结果
(2)result from 由于；因……产生或发生(表示原因)
result in 导致，造成(表示结果)
①(陕西卷)As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing.
由于严重的洪涝，该地区三分之二的建筑需要修建。
②The football match was put off as a result of the storm.
由于暴风雨，足球赛被推迟了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He studied hard last term and, as a result，he passed the examination.
②His laziness resulted in his failure; that is to say, his failure resulted from his laziness.
[链接写作]——一句多译
由于这场大火，数以万计的人们失去了家园。
③As__a__result__of the big fire, thousands of people lost their homes.
④There was a big fire. As__a__result,__thousands of people lost their homes.
表示“原因”“由于”的介词短语有because of; thanks to; owing to; due to; as a consequence of。
replace vt.取代；以……代替；放回
(教材P32)The new rice replaced vegetables in 50 thousand square kilometres.
这种新的水稻取代了5万平方千米的蔬菜。
replace...with/by... 用……替换/代替……
①The company guaranteed it would repair or replace the computer if it broke within two years.
公司承诺如果两年内出故障他们将维修或更换电脑。
②You have to replace the books on the shelves before you leave.
你离开之前必须把书放回书架上。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Teachers will never be__replaced(replace) by computers in the classroom.
②(2019·江苏南京期中)The house which I grew up in has been taken down(拆除)and replaced with/by an office building.
[链接写作]——句型转换
More new machines will be bought to replace the old ones.
③→More new machines will be bought to take the old ones’ place．
④→More new machines will be bought to be in__place__of the old ones.
⑤→More new machines will be bought to take__the__place__of the old ones.
表示“代替”的短语有take the place of/take one’s place; in place of...; instead of。
quantity n．数量
(教材P33)A yield refers to quantity(eg of food)．
产量指的是(食品的)数量。
(1)a large/small quantity of 大量/少量的
large quantities of 大量的；许多的
(2)in quantity 大量地
(3)quality n. 质量
①(朗文辞典)Your work has improved in quantity and quality this term.
本学期你的作业在数量和质量上都有提高。
②Now many companies are more concerned with quality than with quantity.
现在很多公司对质量比对产量更重视。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①A large quantity of beer was__sold(sell) yesterday.
②—Why does the river around the village smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water have__been__polluted(pollute) already.
③If you buy this goods in quantity，we will offer a better price to you.
(1)a quantity of或quantities of后既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词。
(2)“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
不定式作表语
(教材P32)He thought that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。
句中that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主语是the key to feeding people，动词不定式短语to have more rice and to produce it more quickly作表语。
(1)不定式短语作表语，对主语进行解释说明，一般表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。若主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式符号to往往省略。
(2)the key to...意为“……的关键”，其中to是介词，其后要跟名词、代词或动名词。
常与介词to搭配的名词： answer, access, solution, approach, entrance, reply 等。
①My work is to clean the room and to cook for them every day.
我的工作就是每天打扫房间并为他们做饭。
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
色彩是让你在房间感觉到你想要的感受的关键。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The only thing that she wants to do now is (to)__go(go) for a holiday.
②The key to solving(solve) the unemployment problem is to__provide(provide) more jobs.
③a.At the entrance to the building stands a door keeper.
b．Communication is the solution__to misunderstanding.
[链接写作]——完成句子
④他做的第一件事是接受在大会上发言的邀请。
The first thing he did was(to)__accept__the__invitation to speak at the conference.
⑤如果你坚持足够长的时间， 你就会发现那个问题的答案。
If you stick to it long enough you can find the__answer__to__that__problem．
⑥解决污染的方法是减少车辆。
The__solution__to__pollution is to have fewer cars.
品句填词
1．Chaplin was not just a genius; he was also one of the most influential figures(人物) in film history.
2．Our children was being educated(教育) to be green in everything they do.
3．Production(产量)of computers has increased double in the last few years.
4．We are very proud of the high quality(质量) of our product.
5．Agriculture(农业) in this country has developed greatly after liberation.
6．The shopkeeper said he would replace(更换) the TV set if we were not satisfied.
7．The scientist has made another breakthrough(突破)in this field, which is of great importance to the progress of science.
8．He needs a high income to support(供养) such a large family.
课文语法填空
The Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a 1.leading(lead) figure in the rice-growing world.He was born and brought 2.up in China.As a boy he 3.was__educated(educate) in many schools.He studied agriculture in college.After 4.graduation/graduating(graduate) from Southwest Agriculture College, he has devoted 5.himself(he) to agriculture education and research ever since.He thought that the key to 6.feeding(feed) people was to have more rice and to produce it 7.more(much) quickly.
After many years’ hard work, he produced 8.a new plant by crossing different species of rice plant, 9.which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.This breakthrough in rice breeding has made great 10.contributions(contribute) to the world.
单句语法填空
1．The majority of people in the town are strongly in support of the plan to build a playground for children.
2．It has been discovered that the traffic accident resulted from the driver’s careless driving.
3．The first thing he does is (to)__finish(finish) his homework after school.
4．We are planning to replace the old machines with/by some new ones.
5．Up to now, large quantities of food have__been__sent(send) to Africa to save the starving people.
6．The key to keeping(keep) this country a comfortable and clean place to live in is to__control(control) industrial pollution.
7．The old scientist has made a breakthrough in growing rice, which will feed more people in the world.
8．(2019·天津红桥区期中)The professor thought that the idea the young engineer brought up was worth considering.
9．I am really interested in his way to__study(study) English, which is helpful to me.
10．We can’t figure out why quite a number of insects, birds and animals are dying out.
阅读理解
A
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives. His companies even made and sold weapons. Isn’t this something that surprises you? The man who made money from weapons should set up the Peace Prize?
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he let behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
【解题导语】 艾尔弗雷德·诺贝尔把他的一生献给了他的学习和工作， 以及人类的利益。他靠自己的努力挣钱， 但他分享了他的财富给这个世界。他的发明和财富永远留在世界上。
1．Alfred’s business was ________．
A．making and selling explosives
B．not making and selling weapons
C．making explosives and selling weapons
D．making weapons and selling explosives
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives.”可知他的企业是制造并贩卖炸药的。
2．Nobel wanted to set up the Nobel Peace Prize because ________．
A．he made enough money
B．he hated war
C．he wanted to get more interest from the fund
D．he liked to live in a peaceful world
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world.”可知Nobel讨厌战争， 因此他希望以后不再有战争。
3．Nobel Prizes come from ________．
A．all Nobel’s money in the fund
B．all Nobel’s money in his company
C．all the interest from the fund
D．some of the interest in the fund
C 解析：细节理解题。Nobel Prizes的来源在本文中是指：“He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year.”也就是他基金中每年的利息。
4．Which statement of the following is RIGHT according to the passage?
A．Nobel set up his company to sell clothes.
B．Most of Nobel’s money was used for the world wars.
C．Nobel Prizes are only for some people from some special countries.
D．Nobel worked hard in his life and saved lots of money for the world to share.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth.”可知Nobel让全世界分享(share)他的财富。
B
It’s the time of year when kids are thinking about their holiday wish lists. So what’s a parent to do when a child asks for a smartphone?
Sydney Crowe is in sixth grade and has a smartphone.While she admits she mostly uses it for “playing games and watching television”， her mom, Patty, says that’s not why Sydney got the phone.
Patty’s main concern was safety. The bus missed Sydney’s stop enough times to really worry her parents. Without means to call an adult, she would walk to school near a busy highway.
That’s when Patty gave her daughter a phone. Patty says she rolled her eyes at the idea of her child having a smartphone, but finally decided to allow it for one main reason: peace of mind.
On the other side of the argument, there’s Mercy Shannon. She’s 9 years old and doesn’t have a cellphone.
Mercy’s mom, Brooke Shannon, like many other parents, faced the cellphone decision early on. She started an online promise called“Wait Until 8th”to create a community of parents waiting to give their kids smartphones until at least eighth grade—when most children are nearing high school.
In addition to wanting her kids to have a break from screens, Brooke worries about the influence of social media(媒体)．
“Children just don’t have the brain development at this age to be able to deal with the social situations that come with social media，” she says.
That isn’t just a parent concern. Richard Freed, a child psychologist(心理学家) and author of a book on the subject, wanted to research the topic after seeing an increase in the number of children coming to him with anxiety and depression.
His suggestion? Put some ground rules in place.“I want parents to understand how powerful these technologies are，” he says.
There’s no magic age to give a kid a smartphone. Rather than considering the age of a child, we should think about maturity(成熟)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。随着科技发展，越来越多的人开始使用智能手机。如果一个正在上小学的孩子想要拥有一部智能手机，父母该不该给呢？
5．What does Sydney mainly use her smartphone for?
A．Studies.
B．Entertainment.
C．Calling for help.
D．Communicating with her family.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“While she admits she mostly uses it for ‘playing games and watching television’”可知，Sydney主要用她的智能手机玩游戏和看电视，即娱乐。
6．According to Brooke, children can have smartphones when they are ________．
A．8 years old B．9 years old
C．in 8th grade D．in high school
C 解析：细节理解题。由第六段中的“She started an online... until at least eighth grade”可知，Brooke认为应该至少等到孩子上八年级，才可以给他们智能手机。
7．What led to Richard Freed’s research on children having smartphones?
A．His interest in the topic.
B．The need of writing a book on the subject.
C．His wish to warn parents of the power of modern technologies.
D．The fact that more children are having psychological problems.
D 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“wanted to research the topic... with anxiety and depression”可知，Richard Freed看到越来越多的孩子们因为焦虑、抑郁等问题向他求助，之后萌生了研究这个课题的想法。
8．What does the author think parents should consider before giving children smartphones?
A．Their age.
B．Their safety.
C．Their holiday wish.
D．Their brain development.
D 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Rather than considering the age of a child, we should think about maturity(成熟)．”可知，作者认为决定要不要给孩子智能手机时，不应该考虑他们的年龄，而应该看他们是否成熟，即大脑发育完善与否。
七选五
Friendly people are welcoming.When you are friendly，you make other people feel good about themselves and you also feel more confident about yourself. 1.________ Being friendly doesn’t have to mean changing who you are but doing little things to make others comfortable.
2．________ If you are not naturally friendly, you might feel embarrassed when you first try to be more welcoming with others.One way to learn to be friendly is to think of an outgoing person and copy his/her postures(姿势)，words and behavior.
Be kind to strangers.An easy way to be friendly is to offer a smile to people you might normally ignore.Every day there are opportunities to be friendly with strangers. 3.________
Try to accept others. 4.________ If someone new tries to chat with you，make an effort to contribute to the conversation instead of giving one-word answers.In a group, look out for one who doesn’t seem to know anyone and try to accept him/her into the group.
Stay in touch.Sometimes we neglect(忽视) to be friendly with those we know the best—our close friends and family. 5.________ Therefore，you can send a warm email to let your mother know that you are thinking about her.
A．Observe friendliness in others.
B．Smile and remember everyone’s name.
C．They may want to hang out, but be too shy to ask.
D．So friendliness is a win-win no matter how you look at it.
E．Don’t pass up the chance to be warm and make others comfortable.
F．Actually, offering friendliness and warmth to them is also very important.
G．Making new people you meet feel accepted forms a large part of being friendly.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍的是如何对别人表示友好。
1．D 解析：此空与前一句之间存在逻辑上的因果关系，介绍的是对他人表示友好会带来双赢的结果。
2．A 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。主要介绍应该仔细观察他人是如何表示友好的。
3．E 解析：此空与前一句形成递进关系，说明不要放过让他人感到温暖和舒适的机会。
4．G 解析：此空对本段主题句进行了解释，说明要尝试去接纳别人。
5．F 解析：此空与前一句形成指代关系。此空中的them指的是前一句中的those we know the best—our close friends and family。
课件29张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientistsn.数字n.人物n．人影vt.认为kept her figureto figure outupupaboutdowninsupportedintosupporterasinfromAs a result ofAs a resultbe replacedwith/bytakeplacein place of take the place ofwas soldhave been pollutedin(to) gosolvingto providetoto (to) accept the invitationthe answer to that The solution to pollutionproblem本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Chaplin was not just a genius; he was also one of the most influential figures(人物) in film history.
2．Our children was being educated(教育) to be green in everything they do.
3．Production(产量)of computers has increased double in the last few years.
4．We are very proud of the high quality(质量) of our product.
5．Agriculture(农业) in this country has developed greatly after liberation.
6．The shopkeeper said he would replace(更换) the TV set if we were not satisfied.
7．The scientist has made another breakthrough(突破)in this field, which is of great importance to the progress of science.
8．He needs a high income to support(供养) such a large family.
课文语法填空
The Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is a 1.leading(lead) figure in the rice-growing world.He was born and brought 2.up in China.As a boy he 3.was__educated(educate) in many schools.He studied agriculture in college.After 4.graduation/graduating(graduate) from Southwest Agriculture College, he has devoted 5.himself(he) to agriculture education and research ever since.He thought that the key to 6.feeding(feed) people was to have more rice and to produce it 7.more(much) quickly.
After many years’ hard work, he produced 8.a new plant by crossing different species of rice plant, 9.which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.This breakthrough in rice breeding has made great 10.contributions(contribute) to the world.
单句语法填空
1．The majority of people in the town are strongly in support of the plan to build a playground for children.
2．It has been discovered that the traffic accident resulted from the driver’s careless driving.
3．The first thing he does is (to)__finish(finish) his homework after school.
4．We are planning to replace the old machines with/by some new ones.
5．Up to now, large quantities of food have__been__sent(send) to Africa to save the starving people.
6．The key to keeping(keep) this country a comfortable and clean place to live in is to__control(control) industrial pollution.
7．The old scientist has made a breakthrough in growing rice, which will feed more people in the world.
8．(2019·天津红桥区期中)The professor thought that the idea the young engineer brought up was worth considering.
9．I am really interested in his way to__study(study) English, which is helpful to me.
10．We can’t figure out why quite a number of insects, birds and animals are dying out.
阅读理解
A
Most of us know about the Nobel Prize, especially the Nobel Peace Prize, but few of us know anything about the man who set them up. His name was Alfred Nobel. He was a great scientist and inventor himself. Besides, he had a big business. His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives. His companies even made and sold weapons. Isn’t this something that surprises you? The man who made money from weapons should set up the Peace Prize?
Though Alfred Nobel had a lot of money from weapons, he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world. He was one of the richest in Europe. When he died in 1896, he let behind him a lot of money and his famous will. According to his will, most of his money was placed in a fund. He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year. We know them as the Nobel Prizes. The Nobel Prizes are international. Alfred Nobel wanted the winners to be chosen for their work, not the country they came from.
Alfred Nobel had given his whole life to his studies and work and to the benefits of mankind. He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth. His inventions and wealth stay with the world for ever.
【解题导语】 艾尔弗雷德·诺贝尔把他的一生献给了他的学习和工作， 以及人类的利益。他靠自己的努力挣钱， 但他分享了他的财富给这个世界。他的发明和财富永远留在世界上。
1．Alfred’s business was ________．
A．making and selling explosives
B．not making and selling weapons
C．making explosives and selling weapons
D．making weapons and selling explosives
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“His business may surprise you. He made and sold explosives.”可知他的企业是制造并贩卖炸药的。
2．Nobel wanted to set up the Nobel Peace Prize because ________．
A．he made enough money
B．he hated war
C．he wanted to get more interest from the fund
D．he liked to live in a peaceful world
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“he hated war. He hoped that there would be no war in the world.”可知Nobel讨厌战争， 因此他希望以后不再有战争。
3．Nobel Prizes come from ________．
A．all Nobel’s money in the fund
B．all Nobel’s money in his company
C．all the interest from the fund
D．some of the interest in the fund
C 解析：细节理解题。Nobel Prizes的来源在本文中是指：“He wanted the interest from the fund to be used as prizes every year.”也就是他基金中每年的利息。
4．Which statement of the following is RIGHT according to the passage?
A．Nobel set up his company to sell clothes.
B．Most of Nobel’s money was used for the world wars.
C．Nobel Prizes are only for some people from some special countries.
D．Nobel worked hard in his life and saved lots of money for the world to share.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He made money all by his own efforts, but he let the world share his wealth.”可知Nobel让全世界分享(share)他的财富。
B
It’s the time of year when kids are thinking about their holiday wish lists. So what’s a parent to do when a child asks for a smartphone?
Sydney Crowe is in sixth grade and has a smartphone.While she admits she mostly uses it for “playing games and watching television”， her mom, Patty, says that’s not why Sydney got the phone.
Patty’s main concern was safety. The bus missed Sydney’s stop enough times to really worry her parents. Without means to call an adult, she would walk to school near a busy highway.
That’s when Patty gave her daughter a phone. Patty says she rolled her eyes at the idea of her child having a smartphone, but finally decided to allow it for one main reason: peace of mind.
On the other side of the argument, there’s Mercy Shannon. She’s 9 years old and doesn’t have a cellphone.
Mercy’s mom, Brooke Shannon, like many other parents, faced the cellphone decision early on. She started an online promise called“Wait Until 8th”to create a community of parents waiting to give their kids smartphones until at least eighth grade—when most children are nearing high school.
In addition to wanting her kids to have a break from screens, Brooke worries about the influence of social media(媒体)．
“Children just don’t have the brain development at this age to be able to deal with the social situations that come with social media，” she says.
That isn’t just a parent concern. Richard Freed, a child psychologist(心理学家) and author of a book on the subject, wanted to research the topic after seeing an increase in the number of children coming to him with anxiety and depression.
His suggestion? Put some ground rules in place.“I want parents to understand how powerful these technologies are，” he says.
There’s no magic age to give a kid a smartphone. Rather than considering the age of a child, we should think about maturity(成熟)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。随着科技发展，越来越多的人开始使用智能手机。如果一个正在上小学的孩子想要拥有一部智能手机，父母该不该给呢？
5．What does Sydney mainly use her smartphone for?
A．Studies.
B．Entertainment.
C．Calling for help.
D．Communicating with her family.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“While she admits she mostly uses it for ‘playing games and watching television’”可知，Sydney主要用她的智能手机玩游戏和看电视，即娱乐。
6．According to Brooke, children can have smartphones when they are ________．
A．8 years old B．9 years old
C．in 8th grade D．in high school
C 解析：细节理解题。由第六段中的“She started an online... until at least eighth grade”可知，Brooke认为应该至少等到孩子上八年级，才可以给他们智能手机。
7．What led to Richard Freed’s research on children having smartphones?
A．His interest in the topic.
B．The need of writing a book on the subject.
C．His wish to warn parents of the power of modern technologies.
D．The fact that more children are having psychological problems.
D 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“wanted to research the topic... with anxiety and depression”可知，Richard Freed看到越来越多的孩子们因为焦虑、抑郁等问题向他求助，之后萌生了研究这个课题的想法。
8．What does the author think parents should consider before giving children smartphones?
A．Their age.
B．Their safety.
C．Their holiday wish.
D．Their brain development.
D 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Rather than considering the age of a child, we should think about maturity(成熟)．”可知，作者认为决定要不要给孩子智能手机时，不应该考虑他们的年龄，而应该看他们是否成熟，即大脑发育完善与否。
七选五
Friendly people are welcoming.When you are friendly，you make other people feel good about themselves and you also feel more confident about yourself. 1.________ Being friendly doesn’t have to mean changing who you are but doing little things to make others comfortable.
2．________ If you are not naturally friendly, you might feel embarrassed when you first try to be more welcoming with others.One way to learn to be friendly is to think of an outgoing person and copy his/her postures(姿势)，words and behavior.
Be kind to strangers.An easy way to be friendly is to offer a smile to people you might normally ignore.Every day there are opportunities to be friendly with strangers. 3.________
Try to accept others. 4.________ If someone new tries to chat with you，make an effort to contribute to the conversation instead of giving one-word answers.In a group, look out for one who doesn’t seem to know anyone and try to accept him/her into the group.
Stay in touch.Sometimes we neglect(忽视) to be friendly with those we know the best—our close friends and family. 5.________ Therefore，you can send a warm email to let your mother know that you are thinking about her.
A．Observe friendliness in others.
B．Smile and remember everyone’s name.
C．They may want to hang out, but be too shy to ask.
D．So friendliness is a win-win no matter how you look at it.
E．Don’t pass up the chance to be warm and make others comfortable.
F．Actually, offering friendliness and warmth to them is also very important.
G．Making new people you meet feel accepted forms a large part of being friendly.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍的是如何对别人表示友好。
1．D 解析：此空与前一句之间存在逻辑上的因果关系，介绍的是对他人表示友好会带来双赢的结果。
2．A 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。主要介绍应该仔细观察他人是如何表示友好的。
3．E 解析：此空与前一句形成递进关系，说明不要放过让他人感到温暖和舒适的机会。
4．G 解析：此空对本段主题句进行了解释，说明要尝试去接纳别人。
5．F 解析：此空与前一句形成指代关系。此空中的them指的是前一句中的those we know the best—our close friends and family。
Section Ⅲ Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner
重点单词
写作词汇
1.career__ n． 生涯；经历
2.partly adv. 部分地；在一定程度上
3.physical adj. 身体的
4.escape vi. 逃跑；逃避
5.straight adj. 直的
6.clear vi. (烟雾)消散
拓展词汇
7.brief adj.简短的；简洁的→briefly adv.简要地；扼要地
8.graduate__vi.毕业→graduation n．毕业
9.personal adj.个人的→personally adv.就自己而言→personality n．性格；个性；人格
10.relativity n．相对论→relative n．[C]亲戚；相关物adj.相对的；比较的→relatively adv.相对地；比较而言
11.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸，爆炸声
阅读词汇
12.best-seller n． 畅销书(或唱片等)
13.diagnose vt. 诊断
14.victim n. 受害者
15.brilliant adj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的
16.rocket n． 火箭
17.millennium n. 千年
18.gunpowder n. 火药
19.arrow n. (弓)箭
重点短语
1.be__known__for 因……而出名/闻名
2.earn__one’s__living 谋生
3.come__to__power 掌权
4.in__the__area__of 在……领域
5.by__accident 偶然地
6.be__at__war__with 与……交战
重点句型
1.现在分词短语作让步状语：Moving__in__a__wheelchair__and__speaking__through__a__special__computer(尽管行动靠轮椅，讲话靠特殊的电脑), he has become the voice of science.
2.keep＋宾语＋宾补：The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep__the__rocket__moving(使火箭移动) in a straight direction.
3.疑问词＋to do：Soon the Mongols learned how__to__make(如何制造) rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.
4.部分否定：But not__everybody(并不是所有的人) wanted to use rockets in battles.
5.现在分词短语作结果状语：Or was he carried miles into space, becoming__the__world’s__first__astronaut(成为世界上第一位宇航员)?
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Of the uses of the rockets, which one is NOT mentioned?
A．In battles.
B．In firework displays.
C．In sending visitors into space.
D．In the military.
2．Rockets were probably invented ________ about 2，000 years ago.
A．in surprise B．on purpose
C．by chance D．by mistake
3．One Italian scientist invented a rocket which ________．
A．could fly into the sky
B．could hit the enemy’s horse
C．could fly over the surface of water
D．could clear the cloud in the air
4．What’s the topic of the text?
A．The dangers of rockets.
B．The development of rockets.
C．The advantages of rockets.
D．The invention of rockets.
答案：1－4.CCCB
①rocket['r?kIt]n.火箭
②advanced adj.高级的；先进的
③send...into space把……送入太空
④firework display焰火表演
⑤great event重大事件
⑥millennium[mI'leni?m]n.千年
⑦invent vt.发明；创造
⑧by accident偶然
by chance偶然
on purpose故意地
⑨gunpowder['ɡ?n?pa?d?]n.火药
throw...into...把……扔进……里
?explosion[Ik'spl???n]n.爆炸；爆炸声
make explosion制造爆炸
?jump out of从……中跳出来
?instead of相反，而不是
?explode[Ik'spl??d]vi.爆炸
?escape[I'skeIp]vi.逃跑；逃避
?at war with与……交战
at peace with与……和平共处
?shoot v．射中
shoot at向……射击(不强调射中)
?arrow['?r??]n.(弓)箭
?be attached to被拴/捆到……上
?keep...doing...使……一直做……
doing作宾补，表示动作正在进行或者持续进行。
straight[streIt]adj.直的
in a straight direction沿直线方向
be used for被用作……
over the surface of在……表面之上
hit v．(hit，hit)击中
light v．(lit，lit)点燃
thick smoke浓烟
clear[klI?]vi.(烟雾)消散
disappear vi.消失
不用于被动语态。
Rockets①
Today rockets are very advanced② machines which we can use to send astronauts into space③.They are also used in firework displays④ to celebrate great events⑤， such as the end of the Olympic Games or the beginning of the new millennium⑥ in the year 2000.
◆which we can use to send astronauts into space是which引导的限制性定语从句，which在从句中作use的宾语。
Rockets were probably invented⑦ by accident⑧ about 2，000 years ago.The Chinese had a form of gunpowder⑨ which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown intoB10 fires to make explosions? during festivals.Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of? the fire instead of? exploding? in it.The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping? from the tube could lift it into the air.The idea of the rocket was born.
◆which was put in bamboo tubes是which引导的定语从句，which在从句中作主语。
◆现在分词短语escaping from the tube作定语，修饰the gas。
The first military use of rockets was in 1232.The Song Dynasty was at war with? the Mongols.During the battle of Kaifeng, the Song army shot? “arrows? of flying fire”．The tubes were attached to? a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving? in a straight direction.Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocket experiments in England, France and Italy.They were used for military purposes.One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship．
◆which helped keep the rocket moving...是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a long stick，which在从句中作主语。
◆how to...作learned的宾语。
◆it is possible that...……是可能的。it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。
◆which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy ship是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a rocket。
But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a flying chair．He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites.The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke.When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.No one knows what happened. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world’s first astronaut?
◆not everybody表示部分否定。
◆a Chinese government official是Wan Hu的同位语。
◆动名词flying作定语，修饰chair，表示chair的用途。
◆what happened作knows的宾语。
◆现在分词短语becoming the world’s...作结果状语。
火箭
今天，火箭是我们用来将宇航员送入太空的非常先进的机器。它们也被用在庆祝重大事件的焰火表演中，像奥运会的闭幕式或2000年新千年的开始。
火箭可能是大约两千年前被偶然发明出来的。中国人有一种装在竹管里的火药，这种火药是节日中被用来扔进火里爆炸的。也许一些竹管从火堆里蹿了出来，而不是在里面炸开。中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。于是关于火箭的想法诞生了。
火箭第一次被用于军事是在1232年。那时宋朝正与蒙古作战。在开封战役中，宋军射出了“飞火箭”。这些竹管被绑到一根长棍上，这根长棍可帮助火箭沿笔直的方向飞行。不久，蒙古人学会了怎样自己制造火箭，并且可能是他们将其引入欧洲的。在13世纪到15世纪期间，在英国、法国和意大利有很多关于火箭的实验。它们被用于军事目的。一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以飞过水面打中敌舰的火箭。
但并不是每个人都想将火箭用于战争。一个名叫万户的中国官员发明了一种“飞椅”。他把两个大风筝绑到椅子上，又把47个火箭绑到风筝上。火箭被点燃了，发生了巨大的爆炸，出现了厚厚的浓烟。当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。没有人知道发生了什么。万户被炸死了？还是他被载入了数英里远的太空而成为世界上第一个宇航员了呢？
be known for(＝be famous for)
因……而出名/闻名
(教材P36)What is Einstein known for?
爱因斯坦因何而出名？
be known/famous as 作为……而出名
be known to sb. 被……所知/熟知
①Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers.
桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。
②Mo Yan is internationally known for his novels.
莫言因他的小说而闻名于世。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2019·哈尔滨校级月考)Known as a writer, Jin Yong is known to Chinese people for his wonderful works.
②Hainan, known(know) for its tropical climate and clean air, is a popular destination for Chinese tourists during the Spring Festival.
brief adj.简短的；简洁的 n．摘要；大纲
(教材P37)His book A Brief History of Time was published in 1988 and is still a best-seller.
他的著作《时间简史》于1988年发表，直到现在还是一本畅销书。
in brief 总之；简短地
to be brief 简单地说(用作插入语)
①We’re running out of time, so let’s be brief.
我们时间不多了，所以长话短说吧。
②Could you give me a brief account of your club?
你能不能简短地介绍一下你们的俱乐部？
[链接写作]——完成句子
①他的成功说来话长，但总之，经历多次失败后，他成功了。
His success was a long story，but in__brief，he succeeded after many failures.
②简单地说，我只想知道事情的结果。
To__be__brief,__I only want to know the result of the thing.
表示“总之”的短语还有：in short; in a word; in a nutshell。
come to power 掌权；上台
(教材P37)left Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US
在希特勒掌权时离开了德国去美国工作
(1)in power 当权的，掌权的(表示状态)
in/within one’s power 为某人力所能及
beyond/out of one’s power
力所不能及
(2)take/seize power 当权，执政
(3)have the power to do sth. 有做某事的能力
①(牛津词典)This government came to power at the last election.
这一届政府是经过最近大选后上台执政的。
②The dictator had been in power for seven years.
那个独裁者已经掌权七年了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①a. It is said that the new mayor will come to/into power next month.
b．He has been in power for ten years but still doesn’t want to leave office.
②a.This job is quite beyond my power.I’m determined to give it up.
b．I will do everything in/within my power to help you.
③Some animals have the power to__see(see) in the dark.
[链接写作]——用power的相关短语完成句子
④中国共产党1949年开始执政。换句话说，它执政已经70年了。我相信党有能力使我们国家更富强。
The CPC came__to__power in 1949.In other words，it has been in__power for 70 years.I believe the Party is in/within__its__power to make our country richer.
come to power 与 be in power 都表示“掌权”，但前者表示动作，不能与时间段连用；后者表示状态，可以与时间段连用。
escape v．逃脱；逃避；被遗忘 n．逃脱
(教材P39)The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.
中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。
(1)make one’s escape 逃跑
have a narrow escape 九死一生
(2)escape (doing) sth. 逃脱(做)某事
escape from/out of... 从……逃跑，逃走
escape sb.’s/one’s attention/notice
逃过某人的注意，被某人遗忘
①Yesterday I came across my former classmate, but his name escaped me, which made me embarrassed.
昨天我碰见了我以前的同学， 但是我记不起来他的名字了， 这让我很尴尬。
②He stayed in the background to escape from the public attention.
他待在幕后是为了避开公众的注意。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He was crossing the street when a man was driving fast towards him and he narrowly escaped being__knocked(knock) down.
②He ever had a narrow escape from the adventurous sport，so he doesn’t dare to try it again.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
那个妇女设法带着孩子逃出火场，既恐惧又疲惫。
③(普通表达)The woman managed__to__escape__from__the__fire__with her baby.She was extremely terrified__and__exhausted．
④(高级表达)The woman managed__to__escape__from__the__fire__with__her__baby,__extremely__terrified__and__exhausted．(形容词作状语)
clear vi.(烟雾)消散 vt.清除；收拾
adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清楚的
(教材P39)When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.
当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。
(1)clear away 扫除，收拾
clear up 整理，收拾；消除(误会、疑虑等)；(天)放晴
(2)make (it) clear 清楚表明，讲清楚
(3)It is clear that... 很显然……
(4)clearly adv. 清晰地，明显地，明白地
①(2016·北京卷)The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt.
街道已被清理干净，许多房子已被重建。
②He cleared a space on his desk for a cup of coffee.
他在书桌上腾出了一点儿地方用来放一杯咖啡。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①a.Although the hurricane has gone, it will be months before the damage is cleared up．
b．After supper，my younger brother often helps mother clear away the dishes.
②a.(江苏卷)It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
b．He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
③(全国卷)If you’re clear(clearly) about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.
keep＋宾语＋宾补
(教材P39)The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
这些竹管被绑到一根长棍上，这根长棍可帮助火箭沿笔直的方向飞行。
句中的keep the rocket moving为“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。意为“使……继续处于某种状态”，keep为使役动词，其他结构还有：
(1)keep＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)keep＋宾语＋现在分词
(3)keep＋宾语＋过去分词
①Children are requested to keep the classroom in order.
孩子们被要求保持教室整洁干净。
②The bad weather keeps us inside the house.
坏天气使我们不能出门。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(浙江卷)A good listener takes part in the conversation, offering ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing(flow)．
②The TV program Readers on CCTV was so exciting that all the students kept their eyes fixed(fix) on the screen.
③He kept his eyes closed(close) and stayed where he was.
[链接写作]——完成句子
④(2016·北京卷)为了更方便联系我们，你最好把这张名片放在手边。
To make it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep__this__card__at__hand．
⑤(广东卷) 换句话说，利用自然资源的同时，我们应该使地球保持健康。
In other words, we should__keep__the__earth__healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
在“keep＋宾语＋分词”结构中，如果宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语用现在分词；如果宾语与宾语补足语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，宾语补足语用过去分词。高考中常考的可以接过去分词或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词还有：find, leave, feel, see, hear, have, get等。
品句填词
1．As is known to us all, light travels in straight(直的) lines.
2．We had to wait on the freeway until the thick fog cleared(放晴) at last.
3．He began to teach in our school after he graduated(毕业) from a famous university in 2019.
4．Regular exercise every day keeps him in good physical(身体的) condition.
5．A bomb exploding(爆炸) suddenly near a supermarket shocked the people in it.
6．The hunter tried to escape(逃跑) from the forest, but he lost his way.
7．We had a brief(简短的) conversation in a hurry and then separated.
8．All the victims(受害者) of the floods were well cared for by the local governments.
语法填空
At just five years old, Nicholas Lowinger visited a homeless shelter with his mom. While there, he wanted 1.____________(show) off his new shoes. However, he quickly realized this would not be 2.____________good idea, because when he looked around, he 3.____________(see) many of the kids did not have shoes. He also noticed that some kids had sores(伤) on 4.____________(they) feet from wearing shoes that were not the right size. Nicholas started donating(捐赠) all the shoes he’d outgrown to local shelters. But he quickly realized his donations weren’t that 5.____________(help). “No two people’s feet are the same, and if you are wearing someone else’s used shoes, your feet aren’t going to be very comfortable，” he said.
So in 2010, at the age of 12, Nicholas started a program 6.____________donated new shoes to homeless children. At first, what he did was part of a community service project. But he wanted that work to continue. 7.____________ the help of his parents, he then started the Gotta Have Sole Foundation.
His charity centers on 8.____________(provide) new shoes to homeless kids to give them something that not only fits them, but is 9.____________(true) theirs. Up to now, his charity has provided new shoes to over forty-five thousand 10.____________(child) in homeless shelters in thirty-eight states across the USA!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名叫Nicholas Lowinger的青少年捐鞋子帮助无家可归的孩子的故事。
1．to show 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。
2．a 解析：考查不定冠词。idea在此作“主意”讲，是可数名词，因为此处表示泛指，故填a。
3．saw 解析：考查一般过去时。由when从句的时态可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填saw。
4．their 解析：考查代词。设空处作定语修饰feet，表示“他们的”，故填their。
5．helpful 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。由No two people’s feet are the same...your feet aren’t going to be very comfortable可知，设空处所在句意为“但是，他很快意识到他所捐赠的鞋子对那些孩子的帮助并不是很大”，故填helpful(有帮助的)。
6．which/that 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰program，且在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
7．With 解析：考查介词。with the help of...意为“在……的帮助下”。
8．providing 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词on的宾语，故填providing。
9．truly 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“真正地”，故填truly。
10．children 解析：考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“孩子”，由设空处前的forty-five thousand可知，此处应用名词复数形式，故填children。
单句语法填空
1．Tell the story briefly(brief) and then explain why you do or do not enjoy it.
2．I made it clear to him that I didn’t agree to his suggestion.
3．(2019·湖北武汉二中月考)Mike often attempts to escape being__fined(fine) whenever he breaks traffic rules.
4．(江苏卷)It is everybody’s duty to observe the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going(go) on the right track.
5．They broke into the room without knocking at the door, making(make) us surprised.
6．The success of his career has been partly(part) due to the support given by his mother and mostly his personal(person) efforts.
7．The government came to power in 2017, that is, it has been in power for over two years.
8．I found the key by accident when I was cleaning the room.
9．The speaker, known(know) for her wonderful speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
10．With the prices and house rents increasing rapidly, many young university graduates cannot make their/a living, let alone support their parents.
阅读理解
In France, there once lived a man named Louis Pasteur, who was a doctor of science. The thing that concerned him most was the disease rabies(狂犬病)．
“I must find the rabies germs(细菌) that hide inside people and make them so sick that they die，”he thought.“Once I find them, I’ll think of a way to kill them.”
Many people thought Pasteur was wasting his time. Some laughed at him and said，“You’ll never do it.”
Pasteur didn’t care what people thought; he believed in himself. He kept right on working.
At the same time, in Germany, a boy named Joey was about to get into trouble. He was teasing(逗弄) a dog. But this dog was sick with rabies, which made the dog mad. Unfortunately, the dog bit him. The rabies germs were passed from the dog to Joey.
Soon the little boy was very sick. His parents could only wait. But then there was news. Joey’s mother saw it and shouted for joy.“A doctor of science has found a way to save sick people like Joey！”she said. The man, of course, was Louis Pasteur. Joey’s parents quickly prepared Joey for the long journey to Paris.
“Dr. Pasteur，”said the mother.“Our little boy is very sick. Can you help us？”
“Perhaps，”said Pasteur.“I’ve invented a vaccine(疫苗). It is strong enough to kill the rabies germs. Joey will be the first person to have my rabies vaccine.”
“The first person？”asked Joey’s worried father nervously.“Will it be dangerous? Are you sure it will work？”
“I believe it will，”said Pasteur.
Slowly the vaccine killed more and more of the rabies germs. Joey began to get well. Dr. Pasteur’s vaccine was a success!
From then on no one had to be afraid of rabies anymore, and people who had laughed at him before, respected him. He is recognized as one of the world’s greatest scientists.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了研制出狂犬病疫苗的著名法国科学家——Pasteur。
1．What was people’s first reaction toward Pasteur’s thoughts on killing rabies germs?
A．Hopeful. B．Cheerful.
C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容可知，大家对Pasteur想要消灭狂犬病病毒的事深表怀疑，都认为他做不到。
2．What happened to Joey?
A．He fought with a dog.
B．He drove a mad dog away.
C．He killed the rabies germs.
D．He got rabies unexpectedly.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He was teasing(逗弄) a dog. But this dog was sick with rabies... from the dog to Joey.”可知，Joey被患有狂犬病的狗咬了，所以他也患上了狂犬病。
3．Which of the following words can best describe Pasteur?
A．Confident and strong-minded.
B．Careful and simple-minded.
C．Selfless and humorous.
D．Proud and imaginative.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容及倒数第二段中的“Dr. Pasteur’s vaccine was a success！”可知，Pasteur并没有在意世俗的看法，他非常自信。在他的坚持努力下他终于成功研制出了狂犬病疫苗。
4．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The amazing story of Joey.
B．Pasteur’s deep interest in science.
C．The first known person to survive rabies.
D．Pasteur’s success in finding a treatment for rabies.
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据文中对Pasteur下定决心研制狂犬病疫苗并最终取得成功的故事可知，该文的主旨就是介绍Pasteur在发明狂犬病疫苗方面取得的成就。
完形填空
For years, I belonged to a health club and never got near the exercise machines. I went straight to the pool and swam laps, as I’d been __1__ since I was a teenager. I didn’t understand the machines. They looked __2__ to me.
Then I __3__ a class in creativity.“Each week do __4__ you aren’t good at，”the teacher __5__. I had always chosen things I was reasonably good at. Was my own creative __6__ still there?
I decided to start working out.“You adjust the weight here. You sit like this, keep your __7__ straight, put your seat all the way back to get the maximum benefit.”My personal trainer __8__ me on each machine with patience and I __9__ everything she said.
“Yes！”I already felt stronger and more creative. But the next morning, I was __10__. I did not recognize my machines among the multitudes(众多器械). I couldn’t __11__ the seats. I couldn’t adjust the weights. I __12__ couldn’t remember when to keep my back straight...
Then I remembered my creativity __13__： try something you are not good at.
I showed a woman my __14__ and she pointed me to one of my machines. A man __15__ and showed me how to press the buttons __16__ I could easily change the weights. Another woman joined in. After 10 minutes, I was tired out, as much from stress as from physical exercise.
“Ten more minutes，”I told myself. I did 15 minutes and felt greatly __17__．
Patience, a willingness to show __18__ average ability and an openness to asking for help—those are just a few of the life lessons I learned __19__first months. Plus, I got slightly __20__ arms and legs. Truly amazing!
【解题导语】 作者本来对一些健身器械不感兴趣，感觉它们很枯燥，但是在一堂关于创造力的课程中，老师要求学生去做一些自己并不擅长的事情，作者由此得到了启示，成功挑战了自己。
1．A.doing B．playing
C．going D．working
A 解析：这里要用一个词代替前面所提到的动词，以避免重复，在四个选项中能起到代替其他动词作用的只有doing，故选A。
2．A.interesting B．funny
C．boring D．unfriendly
C 解析：作者不懂那些器械，自然不会感觉它们是“有趣的”或“好笑的”，故排除A和B；器械不会像人那样友好或“不友好”，故排除D。作者是感觉这些器械很“枯燥”，故选C。
3．A.taught B．took
C．enjoyed D．opened
B 解析：句意：然后我上了一堂关于创造力方面的课。由下文可知作者是听课，而不是讲课的人，故排除A和D；作者只是陈述一个客观事实：自己上了一堂课，而不是陈述主观想法：喜欢一节课，故排除C，选B。take a class意为“上课”。
4．A.everything B．nothing
C．anything D．something
D 解析：每周不可能做你不擅长的“每一件事”或“任何事情”，故排除A和C；老师是在劝导学生，自然就不会让学生什么事情都不做，故排除B，选D。句意：每周做一些你不擅长的事情。
5．A.insisted B．begged
C．suggested D．determined
C 解析：老师建议学生每周都做一些自己并不擅长的事情，suggest“建议”，符合语境。
6．A.spirit B．mind
C．soul D．thought
A 解析：句意：我自己的创造精神还存在吗？具有创造性是一种精神，故选A，其他三个选项不符合文意。
7．A.feet B．back
C．face D．knees
B 解析：像那样坐在那里，然后应当是保持背部的平直，脚和脸是没法保持平直的，故排除A、C两项，D项不符合文意，故选B。
8．A.impressed B．instructed
C．advised D．encouraged
B 解析：由教练所说的话可知，那是在进行动作和操作说明，由此可推断教练并不是在“建议”作者，也不是在“鼓励”作者，故排除C和D；A项放进文中意思不通顺，故排除A。教练只是在就每一台机器的使用对我进行“指导，说明”，故选B。
9．A.turned down B．found out
C．picked out D．wrote down
D 解析：turn down“调低”；find out“找出”；pick out“挑选出”；write down“写下，记下”。作者是记下了教练所说的每一句话，把四个选项都放进文中很明显能看出来A、B、C三个选项都和后面的宾语成分搭配不当，且不符合文意，故选D。
10．A.amused B．tired
C．excited D．discouraged
D 解析：后面出现了一系列作者做不到的事情，对于这种情况，作者肯定不会是“愉快的”或“兴奋的”，故排除A和C；作者并没开始锻炼，所以不存在“疲劳的”，故排除B。作者有如此多的事情做不了，对此应当是感到“气馁的”，故选D。
11．A.move B．put
C．repair D．take
A 解析：作者去健身，自然是不需要“修理”座位的，故排除C；座位也是不能被“带走”的，故排除D；put这个词是上下方向的，作者没有搬起座位，自然就不存在“放”的动作，故排除B；选A，指自己不能“移动”座位。
12．A.only B．still
C．even D．already
C 解析：作者甚至记不住什么时候保持背部平直，所以用even，故选C，其他选项不符合文意。
13．A.task B．dream
C．process D．direction
A 解析：上文中老师提到的一个要求就是：去尝试一些你并不擅长的事情。这是老师对学生的要求，自然就是学生的“任务”，而不是“梦想”“过程”或“方向”，故排除B、C、D三项，选A。
14．A.lectures B．notes
C．courses D．tips
B 解析：句意：我给一位妇女看了我的笔记，然后她给我指出我的一台器械。在四个选项中能给别人看的只有notes，故选B。
15．A.remarked B．attended
C．recognized D．stopped
D 解析：要给别人讲解怎么操作器械，自然是要停下自己原先的动作，故选D。A、B、C三项不符合文意。
16．A.if B．so
C．as D．though
B 解析：因为有了男子的指导，作者才能顺利地完成后面的动作，很明显前后是因果关系，空格后面表示的是结果，而不是表示假设、原因或让步，故选B。
17．A.energetic B．moved
C．proud D．thankful
C 解析：作者努力做到了自己本来并不擅长的事情，这时的作者肯定是为成功挑战了自己而感到“骄傲”，故选C。其他三项都不能正确概括作者的心情或状态，故排除。
18．A.above B．beyond
C．below D．behind
C 解析：B和D两项搭配不当，故首先排除；文中所讲的都是去挑战自己并不擅长的事情，故这是在平均能力“之下”的，如果在平均能力“之上”那就是擅长了，故排除A，选C。
19．A.those B．that
C．all D．this
A 解析：此处空格处修饰的是first后面的months，这是个复数形式，B、D两项都只能修饰单数，故排除；all和first冲突，故排除C，选A。
20．A.thinner B．tighter
C．fatter D．firmer
D 解析：作者成功挑战了自己，成功锻炼了自己。经过锻炼的人不会变得“更瘦”，也不会“更胖”，故排除A和C，而应当是“更结实，更健壮”，故选D。B项明显不符合文意。
课件49张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientistscareerpartlyphysicalescapestraightclearbriefgraduatepersonalrelativityexplode畅销书(或唱片等)诊断受害者聪颖的；才华横溢的火箭千年火药(弓)箭be known forearn one’s livingcome to powerin the area ofby accidentbe at war withMoving in a wheelchair and speaking through a special keep the rocket movingcomputerhow to makenot everybodybecoming the world’s first astronautastoforknownin briefTo be briefto/intoinbeyondin/withinto seecame to powerin powerin/within its powerbeing knockedamanaged to escape from the fireterrified and exhaustedupawayItitclearflowingfixedclosedkeep this card at handkeep the earth healthy本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．As is known to us all, light travels in straight(直的) lines.
2．We had to wait on the freeway until the thick fog cleared(放晴) at last.
3．He began to teach in our school after he graduated(毕业) from a famous university in 2019.
4．Regular exercise every day keeps him in good physical(身体的) condition.
5．A bomb exploding(爆炸) suddenly near a supermarket shocked the people in it.
6．The hunter tried to escape(逃跑) from the forest, but he lost his way.
7．We had a brief(简短的) conversation in a hurry and then separated.
8．All the victims(受害者) of the floods were well cared for by the local governments.
语法填空
At just five years old, Nicholas Lowinger visited a homeless shelter with his mom. While there, he wanted 1.____________(show) off his new shoes. However, he quickly realized this would not be 2.____________good idea, because when he looked around, he 3.____________(see) many of the kids did not have shoes. He also noticed that some kids had sores(伤) on 4.____________(they) feet from wearing shoes that were not the right size. Nicholas started donating(捐赠) all the shoes he’d outgrown to local shelters. But he quickly realized his donations weren’t that 5.____________(help). “No two people’s feet are the same, and if you are wearing someone else’s used shoes, your feet aren’t going to be very comfortable，” he said.
So in 2010, at the age of 12, Nicholas started a program 6.____________donated new shoes to homeless children. At first, what he did was part of a community service project. But he wanted that work to continue. 7.____________ the help of his parents, he then started the Gotta Have Sole Foundation.
His charity centers on 8.____________(provide) new shoes to homeless kids to give them something that not only fits them, but is 9.____________(true) theirs. Up to now, his charity has provided new shoes to over forty-five thousand 10.____________(child) in homeless shelters in thirty-eight states across the USA!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一名叫Nicholas Lowinger的青少年捐鞋子帮助无家可归的孩子的故事。
1．to show 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。
2．a 解析：考查不定冠词。idea在此作“主意”讲，是可数名词，因为此处表示泛指，故填a。
3．saw 解析：考查一般过去时。由when从句的时态可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填saw。
4．their 解析：考查代词。设空处作定语修饰feet，表示“他们的”，故填their。
5．helpful 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。由No two people’s feet are the same...your feet aren’t going to be very comfortable可知，设空处所在句意为“但是，他很快意识到他所捐赠的鞋子对那些孩子的帮助并不是很大”，故填helpful(有帮助的)。
6．which/that 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰program，且在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
7．With 解析：考查介词。with the help of...意为“在……的帮助下”。
8．providing 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词on的宾语，故填providing。
9．truly 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语，表示“真正地”，故填truly。
10．children 解析：考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“孩子”，由设空处前的forty-five thousand可知，此处应用名词复数形式，故填children。
单句语法填空
1．Tell the story briefly(brief) and then explain why you do or do not enjoy it.
2．I made it clear to him that I didn’t agree to his suggestion.
3．(2019·湖北武汉二中月考)Mike often attempts to escape being__fined(fine) whenever he breaks traffic rules.
4．(江苏卷)It is everybody’s duty to observe the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going(go) on the right track.
5．They broke into the room without knocking at the door, making(make) us surprised.
6．The success of his career has been partly(part) due to the support given by his mother and mostly his personal(person) efforts.
7．The government came to power in 2017, that is, it has been in power for over two years.
8．I found the key by accident when I was cleaning the room.
9．The speaker, known(know) for her wonderful speeches, was warmly received by the audience.
10．With the prices and house rents increasing rapidly, many young university graduates cannot make their/a living, let alone support their parents.
阅读理解
In France, there once lived a man named Louis Pasteur, who was a doctor of science. The thing that concerned him most was the disease rabies(狂犬病)．
“I must find the rabies germs(细菌) that hide inside people and make them so sick that they die，”he thought.“Once I find them, I’ll think of a way to kill them.”
Many people thought Pasteur was wasting his time. Some laughed at him and said，“You’ll never do it.”
Pasteur didn’t care what people thought; he believed in himself. He kept right on working.
At the same time, in Germany, a boy named Joey was about to get into trouble. He was teasing(逗弄) a dog. But this dog was sick with rabies, which made the dog mad. Unfortunately, the dog bit him. The rabies germs were passed from the dog to Joey.
Soon the little boy was very sick. His parents could only wait. But then there was news. Joey’s mother saw it and shouted for joy.“A doctor of science has found a way to save sick people like Joey！”she said. The man, of course, was Louis Pasteur. Joey’s parents quickly prepared Joey for the long journey to Paris.
“Dr. Pasteur，”said the mother.“Our little boy is very sick. Can you help us？”
“Perhaps，”said Pasteur.“I’ve invented a vaccine(疫苗). It is strong enough to kill the rabies germs. Joey will be the first person to have my rabies vaccine.”
“The first person？”asked Joey’s worried father nervously.“Will it be dangerous? Are you sure it will work？”
“I believe it will，”said Pasteur.
Slowly the vaccine killed more and more of the rabies germs. Joey began to get well. Dr. Pasteur’s vaccine was a success!
From then on no one had to be afraid of rabies anymore, and people who had laughed at him before, respected him. He is recognized as one of the world’s greatest scientists.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了研制出狂犬病疫苗的著名法国科学家——Pasteur。
1．What was people’s first reaction toward Pasteur’s thoughts on killing rabies germs?
A．Hopeful. B．Cheerful.
C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容可知，大家对Pasteur想要消灭狂犬病病毒的事深表怀疑，都认为他做不到。
2．What happened to Joey?
A．He fought with a dog.
B．He drove a mad dog away.
C．He killed the rabies germs.
D．He got rabies unexpectedly.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“He was teasing(逗弄) a dog. But this dog was sick with rabies... from the dog to Joey.”可知，Joey被患有狂犬病的狗咬了，所以他也患上了狂犬病。
3．Which of the following words can best describe Pasteur?
A．Confident and strong-minded.
B．Careful and simple-minded.
C．Selfless and humorous.
D．Proud and imaginative.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容及倒数第二段中的“Dr. Pasteur’s vaccine was a success！”可知，Pasteur并没有在意世俗的看法，他非常自信。在他的坚持努力下他终于成功研制出了狂犬病疫苗。
4．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The amazing story of Joey.
B．Pasteur’s deep interest in science.
C．The first known person to survive rabies.
D．Pasteur’s success in finding a treatment for rabies.
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据文中对Pasteur下定决心研制狂犬病疫苗并最终取得成功的故事可知，该文的主旨就是介绍Pasteur在发明狂犬病疫苗方面取得的成就。
完形填空
For years, I belonged to a health club and never got near the exercise machines. I went straight to the pool and swam laps, as I’d been __1__ since I was a teenager. I didn’t understand the machines. They looked __2__ to me.
Then I __3__ a class in creativity.“Each week do __4__ you aren’t good at，”the teacher __5__. I had always chosen things I was reasonably good at. Was my own creative __6__ still there?
I decided to start working out.“You adjust the weight here. You sit like this, keep your __7__ straight, put your seat all the way back to get the maximum benefit.”My personal trainer __8__ me on each machine with patience and I __9__ everything she said.
“Yes！”I already felt stronger and more creative. But the next morning, I was __10__. I did not recognize my machines among the multitudes(众多器械). I couldn’t __11__ the seats. I couldn’t adjust the weights. I __12__ couldn’t remember when to keep my back straight...
Then I remembered my creativity __13__： try something you are not good at.
I showed a woman my __14__ and she pointed me to one of my machines. A man __15__ and showed me how to press the buttons __16__ I could easily change the weights. Another woman joined in. After 10 minutes, I was tired out, as much from stress as from physical exercise.
“Ten more minutes，”I told myself. I did 15 minutes and felt greatly __17__．
Patience, a willingness to show __18__ average ability and an openness to asking for help—those are just a few of the life lessons I learned __19__first months. Plus, I got slightly __20__ arms and legs. Truly amazing!
【解题导语】 作者本来对一些健身器械不感兴趣，感觉它们很枯燥，但是在一堂关于创造力的课程中，老师要求学生去做一些自己并不擅长的事情，作者由此得到了启示，成功挑战了自己。
1．A.doing B．playing
C．going D．working
A 解析：这里要用一个词代替前面所提到的动词，以避免重复，在四个选项中能起到代替其他动词作用的只有doing，故选A。
2．A.interesting B．funny
C．boring D．unfriendly
C 解析：作者不懂那些器械，自然不会感觉它们是“有趣的”或“好笑的”，故排除A和B；器械不会像人那样友好或“不友好”，故排除D。作者是感觉这些器械很“枯燥”，故选C。
3．A.taught B．took
C．enjoyed D．opened
B 解析：句意：然后我上了一堂关于创造力方面的课。由下文可知作者是听课，而不是讲课的人，故排除A和D；作者只是陈述一个客观事实：自己上了一堂课，而不是陈述主观想法：喜欢一节课，故排除C，选B。take a class意为“上课”。
4．A.everything B．nothing
C．anything D．something
D 解析：每周不可能做你不擅长的“每一件事”或“任何事情”，故排除A和C；老师是在劝导学生，自然就不会让学生什么事情都不做，故排除B，选D。句意：每周做一些你不擅长的事情。
5．A.insisted B．begged
C．suggested D．determined
C 解析：老师建议学生每周都做一些自己并不擅长的事情，suggest“建议”，符合语境。
6．A.spirit B．mind
C．soul D．thought
A 解析：句意：我自己的创造精神还存在吗？具有创造性是一种精神，故选A，其他三个选项不符合文意。
7．A.feet B．back
C．face D．knees
B 解析：像那样坐在那里，然后应当是保持背部的平直，脚和脸是没法保持平直的，故排除A、C两项，D项不符合文意，故选B。
8．A.impressed B．instructed
C．advised D．encouraged
B 解析：由教练所说的话可知，那是在进行动作和操作说明，由此可推断教练并不是在“建议”作者，也不是在“鼓励”作者，故排除C和D；A项放进文中意思不通顺，故排除A。教练只是在就每一台机器的使用对我进行“指导，说明”，故选B。
9．A.turned down B．found out
C．picked out D．wrote down
D 解析：turn down“调低”；find out“找出”；pick out“挑选出”；write down“写下，记下”。作者是记下了教练所说的每一句话，把四个选项都放进文中很明显能看出来A、B、C三个选项都和后面的宾语成分搭配不当，且不符合文意，故选D。
10．A.amused B．tired
C．excited D．discouraged
D 解析：后面出现了一系列作者做不到的事情，对于这种情况，作者肯定不会是“愉快的”或“兴奋的”，故排除A和C；作者并没开始锻炼，所以不存在“疲劳的”，故排除B。作者有如此多的事情做不了，对此应当是感到“气馁的”，故选D。
11．A.move B．put
C．repair D．take
A 解析：作者去健身，自然是不需要“修理”座位的，故排除C；座位也是不能被“带走”的，故排除D；put这个词是上下方向的，作者没有搬起座位，自然就不存在“放”的动作，故排除B；选A，指自己不能“移动”座位。
12．A.only B．still
C．even D．already
C 解析：作者甚至记不住什么时候保持背部平直，所以用even，故选C，其他选项不符合文意。
13．A.task B．dream
C．process D．direction
A 解析：上文中老师提到的一个要求就是：去尝试一些你并不擅长的事情。这是老师对学生的要求，自然就是学生的“任务”，而不是“梦想”“过程”或“方向”，故排除B、C、D三项，选A。
14．A.lectures B．notes
C．courses D．tips
B 解析：句意：我给一位妇女看了我的笔记，然后她给我指出我的一台器械。在四个选项中能给别人看的只有notes，故选B。
15．A.remarked B．attended
C．recognized D．stopped
D 解析：要给别人讲解怎么操作器械，自然是要停下自己原先的动作，故选D。A、B、C三项不符合文意。
16．A.if B．so
C．as D．though
B 解析：因为有了男子的指导，作者才能顺利地完成后面的动作，很明显前后是因果关系，空格后面表示的是结果，而不是表示假设、原因或让步，故选B。
17．A.energetic B．moved
C．proud D．thankful
C 解析：作者努力做到了自己本来并不擅长的事情，这时的作者肯定是为成功挑战了自己而感到“骄傲”，故选C。其他三项都不能正确概括作者的心情或状态，故排除。
18．A.above B．beyond
C．below D．behind
C 解析：B和D两项搭配不当，故首先排除；文中所讲的都是去挑战自己并不擅长的事情，故这是在平均能力“之下”的，如果在平均能力“之上”那就是擅长了，故排除A，选C。
19．A.those B．that
C．all D．this
A 解析：此处空格处修饰的是first后面的months，这是个复数形式，B、D两项都只能修饰单数，故排除；all和first冲突，故排除C，选A。
20．A.thinner B．tighter
C．fatter D．firmer
D 解析：作者成功挑战了自己，成功锻炼了自己。经过锻炼的人不会变得“更瘦”，也不会“更胖”，故排除A和C，而应当是“更结实，更健壮”，故选D。B项明显不符合文意。
Section Ⅳ Grammar
被动语态和by＋v.-ing形式
1．(教材P32)Rice is also grown(grow) in many other Asian countries, and in some European countries like Italy.
2．(教材P32)Yuan Longping was born and brought(bring) up in China.
3．(教材P32)As a boy he was__educated(educate) in many schools and was__given(give) the nickname, “the student who asks questions”．
4．(教材P32)He thought there was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant, and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.
5．(教材P32)The results of his experiments were__published(publish) in China in 1966.
6．(教材P32)In Pakistan rice is the second most important crop after wheat and will__be__grown(grow) in many parts of the country.
7．(教材P32)The new hybrid rice has__been__developed(develop) by the Yuan Longping High-tech Agricultural Company of China.
被动语态
英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，动作的执行者可用by引出。被动语态主要用于当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。被动语态的一般构成：助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词。
1．被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
一般时态
进行时态
完成时态
现在
am/is/are＋
过去分词
am/is/are＋being＋过去分词
has/have＋been＋过去分词
过去
was/were＋
过去分词
was/were＋being＋过去分词
had been＋过去分词
将来
shall/will＋
be＋过去分词
shall/will＋have been＋过去分词
过去
将来
should/would＋
be＋过去分词
should/would＋have been＋过去分词
◆(2018·天津卷)My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
我的洗衣机本周正在修理，所以我得用手洗衣服。
◆(2016·北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
这些学生一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功。
◆(重庆卷)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.
在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。
◆With many forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are washed away each year.
因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。
2．“get＋过去分词”构成被动语态
这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果，动作的执行者一般不指出来。
◆The boy got hurt when he was riding to school.
那个男孩子骑车上学时受伤了。
没有被动语态的常见动词或动词短语：
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词(短语)有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；suit适合；hold抓住；fit适合；belong to属于；take part in参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。
3．被动语态的特殊情况
(1)情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
◆This book must not be taken out of the library.
本书不得带出图书馆。
(2)感官动词(see，watch，hear，notice，listen to，look at)或使役动词make等后接不带to的不定式作宾补，但变被动语态时，不定式符号to必须加上。
◆We often hear him play the guitar in the house.
→He is often heard to play the guitar by us in the house.
我们经常听到他在房间里弹吉他。
(3)主动形式表示被动意义的情况：
①系动词(feel，look，seem，taste，sound，become，turn，prove，get，grow等)＋形容词，构成系表结构。
◆This shirt feels much softer than that one.
这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软多了。
②表示主语的特征或特点的动词，如write，sell，wash，cook等常用主动形式表示被动含义，这时常与副词easily，well等连用。
◆This kind of cloth washes well.
这种布很好洗。
◆His new novel sells well.
他的新小说很畅销。
by＋v.-ing形式
by可以表示方法、方式、手段等，意为“通过……方式，靠……，凭……”，后接v.-ing作宾语，构成“by＋doing”形式，常作为方式状语。
◆(全国卷Ⅱ)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.
只有增加50%的医生，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善治疗。
◆She learned English well by listening to the radio and reading aloud.
她通过听收音机和大声朗读学好了英语。
by的其他用法：
(1)by＋交通工具的名词(名词前不加冠词，不变复数)，意为“通过……；乘……”。如：by car/bus/bike/plane等。
◆He goes to work by car every day.
他每天开车去上班。
(2)by＋the＋具体的时间或度量名词，意为“按……计算，按……买(卖)”。如by the day/hour/year/kilometer/dozen(按打)等。
◆The bank calculates the interest on bills by the day.
银行按日计算帐息。
(3)by＋数量词，表升降、增减的程度。
◆With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
产量上升了百分之六十，这家公司今年的业绩极好。
单句语法填空
1．(2018·北京卷)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had__been__trapped(trap) in the mountains for two days.
2．(2016·四川卷)The giant panda is__loved(love) by people throughout the world.
3．(安徽卷)It is reported that a space station will__be__built(build) on the moon in years to come.
4．The girl was unhappy because she was__laughed(laugh) at by some boys in the class.
5．Look! The children are__being__taken(take) good care of by their aunt.
6．The pen on the desk belongs(belong) to Peter, which writes(write) well.
7．(2019·重庆一中月考)Have you bought the book that sells(sell) well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers.
8．The students were made to__hand(hand) in their homework before class.
9．I opened a bank account after I made $1，000 by doing(do) a part-time job during the summer vacation.
10．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might be__made(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
语法与写作
1．当我加入到他们时，他们正在讨论老师提出的那个问题。
The problem raised by the teacher was__being__discussed when I joined them.
2．截止到上个月月末，他新写的小说已被翻译成了英文。
His newly written novel had__been__translated__into__English by the end of last month.
3．校运动会将在下星期举行吗？
Will the school sports meeting be__held next week?
4．她通过大声朗读来练习发音。
She practices pronunciation by__reading__aloud．
5．这种布很容易洗而且穿起来很舒服。
The cloth washes__well/easily and is comfortable to wear.
课件23张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientistsis grownbroughtwas educatedwas givenbywere publishedwill be grownhas been developedhad been trappedis lovedwill be builtwas laughedare being takenbelongswritessellsto handdoingbe madewas being discussedhad been translated into EnglishWillbe heldby reading aloudwashes well/easily本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放Section Ⅴ Writing
人物传记
文体感知
人物传记是记载人物生平事迹的一种文体。主要是写名人或伟人的生平以及事迹。因此，写人物传记时，要抓住其出生年月、主要事迹、人们的评论等进行叙述，一般按时间顺序来写。
增分佳句
1．...be born in...and died in...
2．What impressed sb.most was that...
3．sb.is considered to be/as...; be regarded as...
4．He lived a happy/hard life when he was young./He spent his childhood in...
5．...have a deep effect on...；be deeply affected by...
6．...receive/win the Nobel Prize for...
7．...encourage us/me to do sth.
8．...set a good example to us/me.
9．...devoted one’s whole life to...and won...
10．...will always be remembered and regarded as a great...
写作模板
Li Min, monitor of ________， is healthy and lively.She does well in ________， and she is fond of ________．(介绍身份、兴趣和表现)
When she came to school, she ________．In 2018 she took part in ________．(介绍过去的主要经历)
In all, Li Min is very strict ________， and is always ready to help others.As a result, she gets along with ________．(总结和评价)
写作要求
根据提示信息，写一篇Steve Jobs(史蒂夫·乔布斯)的人物传记，80词左右。
姓名
史蒂夫·乔布斯(Steve Jobs)
出生日期
1955年2月24日
主要经历
(1)1976年，成立苹果公司(Apple Inc)；
(2)1985年，乔布斯离开苹果公司；
(3)1997年，回到苹果公司担任行政总裁(CEO)职位；
(4)2011年8月24日，辞去苹果公司行政总裁职务；
(5)2011年10月5日逝世
主要成就
乔布斯被视作iPad，iPhone等知名电子产品的缔造者，这些电子产品改变了现代通讯、娱乐乃至人们的生活方式。
审题谋篇
体裁
记叙文
时态
一般过去时和一般现在时为主
主题
乔布斯传记
人称
第三人称
结构
第一部分：乔布斯概况及经历；
第二部分：乔布斯的主要成就及人们的评价
词汇推敲
1．出生于 be__born__on/in
2．担任 serve__as/work__as
3．在……岁时 at__the__age__of
4．电子产品 digital__products
5．通讯 communication
6．娱乐 entertainment
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①在1976年，他21岁时成立了苹果公司。
In 1976, he was 21 years old.At that time he set__up Apple Inc.
②史蒂夫·乔布斯被视作iPad、iPhone等知名电子产品的缔造者。
People all think Steve Jobs is the founder of iPad, iPhone and some__other__famous__digital__products．
2．句式升级
③用状语从句升级句①
In__1976,__when__he__was__21__years__old,__he__set__up__Apple__Inc.
④用被动语态和高级词汇regard...as...升级句②
Steve__Jobs__is__regarded__as__the__founder__of__iPad,__iPhone__and__some__other__famous__digital__products.
妙笔成篇
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One possible version:
Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 1955. In 1976, when he was 21 years old, he set up Apple Inc. Steve Jobs left Apple Inc in 1985 and twelve years later, in 1997 he returned and served as the CEO of Apple Inc. In 2011, he declared he would no longer serve as the CEO. On 5th, October, 2011, he died at the age of 56.
Steve Jobs is regarded as the founder of iPad, iPhone and some other famous digital products. These products have changed the way of modern communication and entertainment, even the lifestyle of people.
袁隆平是一位杰出的科学家，请你根据本单元内容以及以下所提供的信息，写一篇有关袁隆平的简介。要点提示：
1．袁隆平被誉为“杂交水稻之父”；
2．1930年生于北京，大学毕业后，一直从事农业教育和杂交水稻研究；
3．他培植出的高产水稻，很大程度上解决了中国人的吃饭问题；
4．他获得了“国家最高科学技术奖”——我国的“诺贝尔奖”。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：高产的high-yield；国家最高科学技术奖State Supreme Science and Technology Award
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One possible version：
Yuan Longping, who is praised as“Father of Hybrid Rice”， was born in Beijing in 1930.Since he graduated from university, he has been working as an educator on farming and a researcher on hybrid rice.
The high-yield rice bred by him has partly solved the feeding problem of so many people in our country.Because of this, he received “State Supreme Science and Technology Award”， known as the Nobel Prize in China.Yuan Longping is also a well-known expert in the world.He has made outstanding achievements in agricultural science and is highly thought of by us Chinese people.
单句语法填空
1．(四川卷)More expressways will__be__built (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
2．(2019·湖南衡阳五校联考)—Do you have any problems if you are__offered(offer) this job?
—Well, I’m thinking about the salary.
3．I have gained much experience by trying(try) different jobs.
4．Come and sit down by the fire.Your hands feel(feel) so cold.
5．A new cinema is__being__built(build) in my hometown now.The workers hope to finish it next month.
6．—What happened to the priceless works of art?
—They were__destroyed(destroy) in the earthquake last month.
7．After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it was__being__decorated(decorate)．
8．(大纲全国卷)Unless some extra money is__found(find)，the theatre will close.
9．This kind of electric bike sells well.All bikes here have__been__sold out so far.(sell)
10．Tom was made to__recite(recite) the whole text as a punishment yesterday.
阅读理解
Louis Pasteur was born in Dole, France on December 27, 1822. His family was poor, and during his early education Pasteur was an ordinary student who enjoyed art and singing. However, when Pasteur was exposed to science as a teenager, he knew he had found his career.
In 1838, Pasteur went to college to become a science teacher. He then became a chemistry professor at the University of Strasbourg. He got married in 1849 and had five children. However, three died young from typhoid fever(伤寒症). It was the deaths of his children that drove Pasteur to investigate the infectious disease in order to find a cure.
During Pasteur’s time, people believed that bacteria(细菌) appeared due to“spontaneous generation(自然发生)”. They thought that the bacteria just appeared out of nowhere. Pasteur carried out experiments to see if this was true. Through his experiments he proved that germs were living things that came from other living things. They didn’t just spontaneously appear. This was a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the title of “Father of Germ Theory”．
As Pasteur learned more about bacteria, he began to think they may be the cause of diseases in humans. When the French silk market was threatened by a disease to silkworms(蚕), Pasteur decided to investigate. He discovered that this disease was caused by germs. By killing them from the silkworm farms, he was able to cease the disease and save the French silk business.
Today Louis Pasteur is known as one of the most important scientists in history. His discoveries led to an understanding of bacteria and diseases that has helped save millions and millions of lives.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文， 主要讲述了历史上伟大的科学家Pasteur的一些生平情况及其在细菌与疾病等方面的一些发现。
1．After his children’s deaths, Louis Pasteur ________．
A．became afraid of infectious diseases
B．was frustrated and wanted to do nothing
C．decided to find out how to treat the disease
D．didn’t know it was typhoid fever that caused their deaths
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的It was the deaths of his children that drove Pasteur to investigate the infectious disease in order to find a cure.(他的孩子们的死亡驱使Pasteur调查这一感染性疾病从而找到治愈的方法)可知本题答案为C选项。
2．What is implied about Louis Pasteur’s discovery in Paragraph 3?
A．It supported what most people thought at that time.
B．It revealed that bacteria often appeared out of nowhere.
C．It attracted the attention of the Father of Germ Theory.
D．It was a very important discovery in the history of biology.
D 解析：推理判断题， 根据本段最后一句This was a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the title of “Father of Germ Theory”．(这是生物学研究中的重要发现，而且使Pasteur获得了“细菌理论之父”的称号)可知本题答案为D选项。
3．What does the underlined word “cease” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．End. B．Find.
C．Develop. D．Spread.
A 解析：词义猜测题， 根据画线词后面的“save the French silk business”(拯救了法国的丝绸业)可知这里的cease意为“终止； 停止”， 故本题答案为A选项。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．A disease that killed children easily in history.
B．A great scientist in the field of biology in history.
C．Some of the most important scientists in history.
D．Some of the most important discoveries in history.
B 解析：主旨大意题， 本文主要讲述了历史上伟大的科学家Pasteur的一些生平情况及其在细菌与疾病等方面的一些发现， 故本题答案为B选项。
语法填空
In 1899, when Einstein studied at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, his tutor was Minkevsky, a mathematician.
Once Einstein asked Minkevsky，“How can 1.____________ person, like me, leave his footprints on the road of life and make an outstanding contribution in the 2.____________(science) field？”It was a complex question. Minkevsky said he had to think about it carefully before 3.____________(give) him an answer.
Three days later, Minkevsky told Einstein the answer was coming! He took Einstein towards a building site and there they set foot on the ground newly covered by cement(水泥), 4.____________， of course, led to the workers blaming them. Einstein was 5.____________(confuse), so he asked Minkevsky，“Sir, haven’t you led me the wrong way？”
“Can’t you see？”Minkevsky said.“On the old road surface that has long solidified and in those places which 6.____________(pass) through by countless steps, you cannot leave your footprints.”
Hearing that, Einstein thought long and nodded 7.____________(serious). From then on, his creativity was inspired. He said, “I never memorize and consider 8.____________ dictionaries and manuals(手册) contain, for my brain only memorizes those things not 9.____________(include) in books.”It was in this way 10.____________ Einstein left his deep footprints in the history of science.
【解题导语】 本文叙述了爱因斯坦在导师启发下在科学史上留下自己的深深足迹的故事。
1．a 解析：person是单数可数名词，且此处表泛指，故填a。
2．scientific 解析：设空处作定语修饰field，故填形容词scientific。
3．giving 解析：设空处作before的宾语，且Minkevsky与give之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填giving。
4．which 解析：设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代“踩到用水泥新铺的地面上”一事，故填which。
5．confused 解析：设空处作表语，表示“感到困惑的”，故填confused。
6．have been passed 解析：which(指代those places)与pass之间是被动关系，且由语境可知，设空处强调pass所表示的动作对现在造成的影响，故填have been passed。
7．seriously 解析：设空处修饰nodded，表示“严肃地”，故填seriously。
8．what 解析：设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，指物，故填what。
9．included 解析：include与those things之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且include所表示的是一般状态，故填included。
10．that 解析：设空处所在句为强调句，被强调内容为in this way，故填that。
应用文写作
2018年是我国古代伟大的医学家、药物学家李时珍诞辰500周年。请你根据以下要点给你校英语刊物写一篇短文，让更多的人了解这位伟大的医药学家。
1．李时珍于1518年7月3日出生于湖北省，在家人的影响下，他对医学产生了兴趣；
2．他读了大量的医学书，为寻草药他去了很多地方，拜访了很多人，甚至以身试药，历时27年完成巨著《本草纲目》；
3．李时珍于1593年逝世，他因对世界医学所做出的巨大贡献而名垂后世。
参考词汇：药物学家 pharmacologist 草药 herb
贡献 contribution
注意： 1.词数80左右：
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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One possible version：
Born on July 3, 1518 in Hubei Province, Li Shizhen was a great medical scientist and pharmacologist. Under the influence of his family, he developed an interest in medicine. He read a large number of books about medicine and took lots of notes. To find certain herbs, he went to plenty of places and called on a large number of people. He even did experiments on himself. What’s more, no matter what difficulty and danger he met, he never gave up. Finally, it took him 27 years to write the great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, which is a collection of Chinese herbs. And he died in 1593.
Li Shizhen is remembered for his great contributions to the world medicine.
概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Works of literature can be written in a wide variety of forms.These different types or sorts of writing are known as genre(类型)．We can classify literary works by what they have in common—their styles or what they are about，for example.On a simple level，organizing works of literature into genres helps us understand the variety of literary works.
Prose writing can be divided into two main types: fiction and non-fiction.Fiction includes stories that are made up by the author.They are not true in a factual sense but they may be based on scientific，historical or geographic facts.Within the broad area of fiction，we can distinguish two main types: realistic fiction and historical fiction.
Realistic fiction includes stories that are set in the contemporary world and are about people and events that could happen.Most best-sellers are of this style.Realistic fiction itself has many subdivisions(划分) such as crime fiction，adventure stories and romantic stories.Stories set in the past and based on historical facts are historical fiction.Some of the characters in the stories are imaginary，while others may be real people from the past.Much of this type of fiction centers on wars or political events.
Non-fiction books are based on facts and include genres such as biography，history，popular science and reference works such as dictionaries.
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One possible version：
Different types of literary works can be called genres.(要点1) For example，fiction can be divided into two main types.(要点2) Stories in realistic fiction are about events that could happen in the contemporary world，while historical fiction is about stories that are based on historical facts.(要点3)Non-fiction books are written according to facts.(要点4)
课件19张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientistsbe born on/inserve as/work asat the age ofdigital productscommunicationentertainmentset upsome other famous digital productsIn 1976, when he was 21 years old, he set up Apple Inc.本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
单句语法填空
1．(四川卷)More expressways will__be__built (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
2．(2019·湖南衡阳五校联考)—Do you have any problems if you are__offered(offer) this job?
—Well, I’m thinking about the salary.
3．I have gained much experience by trying(try) different jobs.
4．Come and sit down by the fire.Your hands feel(feel) so cold.
5．A new cinema is__being__built(build) in my hometown now.The workers hope to finish it next month.
6．—What happened to the priceless works of art?
—They were__destroyed(destroy) in the earthquake last month.
7．After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it was__being__decorated(decorate)．
8．(大纲全国卷)Unless some extra money is__found(find)，the theatre will close.
9．This kind of electric bike sells well.All bikes here have__been__sold out so far.(sell)
10．Tom was made to__recite(recite) the whole text as a punishment yesterday.
阅读理解
Louis Pasteur was born in Dole, France on December 27, 1822. His family was poor, and during his early education Pasteur was an ordinary student who enjoyed art and singing. However, when Pasteur was exposed to science as a teenager, he knew he had found his career.
In 1838, Pasteur went to college to become a science teacher. He then became a chemistry professor at the University of Strasbourg. He got married in 1849 and had five children. However, three died young from typhoid fever(伤寒症). It was the deaths of his children that drove Pasteur to investigate the infectious disease in order to find a cure.
During Pasteur’s time, people believed that bacteria(细菌) appeared due to“spontaneous generation(自然发生)”. They thought that the bacteria just appeared out of nowhere. Pasteur carried out experiments to see if this was true. Through his experiments he proved that germs were living things that came from other living things. They didn’t just spontaneously appear. This was a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the title of “Father of Germ Theory”．
As Pasteur learned more about bacteria, he began to think they may be the cause of diseases in humans. When the French silk market was threatened by a disease to silkworms(蚕), Pasteur decided to investigate. He discovered that this disease was caused by germs. By killing them from the silkworm farms, he was able to cease the disease and save the French silk business.
Today Louis Pasteur is known as one of the most important scientists in history. His discoveries led to an understanding of bacteria and diseases that has helped save millions and millions of lives.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文， 主要讲述了历史上伟大的科学家Pasteur的一些生平情况及其在细菌与疾病等方面的一些发现。
1．After his children’s deaths, Louis Pasteur ________．
A．became afraid of infectious diseases
B．was frustrated and wanted to do nothing
C．decided to find out how to treat the disease
D．didn’t know it was typhoid fever that caused their deaths
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的It was the deaths of his children that drove Pasteur to investigate the infectious disease in order to find a cure.(他的孩子们的死亡驱使Pasteur调查这一感染性疾病从而找到治愈的方法)可知本题答案为C选项。
2．What is implied about Louis Pasteur’s discovery in Paragraph 3?
A．It supported what most people thought at that time.
B．It revealed that bacteria often appeared out of nowhere.
C．It attracted the attention of the Father of Germ Theory.
D．It was a very important discovery in the history of biology.
D 解析：推理判断题， 根据本段最后一句This was a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the title of “Father of Germ Theory”．(这是生物学研究中的重要发现，而且使Pasteur获得了“细菌理论之父”的称号)可知本题答案为D选项。
3．What does the underlined word “cease” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．End. B．Find.
C．Develop. D．Spread.
A 解析：词义猜测题， 根据画线词后面的“save the French silk business”(拯救了法国的丝绸业)可知这里的cease意为“终止； 停止”， 故本题答案为A选项。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．A disease that killed children easily in history.
B．A great scientist in the field of biology in history.
C．Some of the most important scientists in history.
D．Some of the most important discoveries in history.
B 解析：主旨大意题， 本文主要讲述了历史上伟大的科学家Pasteur的一些生平情况及其在细菌与疾病等方面的一些发现， 故本题答案为B选项。
语法填空
In 1899, when Einstein studied at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, his tutor was Minkevsky, a mathematician.
Once Einstein asked Minkevsky，“How can 1.____________ person, like me, leave his footprints on the road of life and make an outstanding contribution in the 2.____________(science) field？”It was a complex question. Minkevsky said he had to think about it carefully before 3.____________(give) him an answer.
Three days later, Minkevsky told Einstein the answer was coming! He took Einstein towards a building site and there they set foot on the ground newly covered by cement(水泥), 4.____________， of course, led to the workers blaming them. Einstein was 5.____________(confuse), so he asked Minkevsky，“Sir, haven’t you led me the wrong way？”
“Can’t you see？”Minkevsky said.“On the old road surface that has long solidified and in those places which 6.____________(pass) through by countless steps, you cannot leave your footprints.”
Hearing that, Einstein thought long and nodded 7.____________(serious). From then on, his creativity was inspired. He said, “I never memorize and consider 8.____________ dictionaries and manuals(手册) contain, for my brain only memorizes those things not 9.____________(include) in books.”It was in this way 10.____________ Einstein left his deep footprints in the history of science.
【解题导语】 本文叙述了爱因斯坦在导师启发下在科学史上留下自己的深深足迹的故事。
1．a 解析：person是单数可数名词，且此处表泛指，故填a。
2．scientific 解析：设空处作定语修饰field，故填形容词scientific。
3．giving 解析：设空处作before的宾语，且Minkevsky与give之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填giving。
4．which 解析：设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代“踩到用水泥新铺的地面上”一事，故填which。
5．confused 解析：设空处作表语，表示“感到困惑的”，故填confused。
6．have been passed 解析：which(指代those places)与pass之间是被动关系，且由语境可知，设空处强调pass所表示的动作对现在造成的影响，故填have been passed。
7．seriously 解析：设空处修饰nodded，表示“严肃地”，故填seriously。
8．what 解析：设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，指物，故填what。
9．included 解析：include与those things之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且include所表示的是一般状态，故填included。
10．that 解析：设空处所在句为强调句，被强调内容为in this way，故填that。
应用文写作
2018年是我国古代伟大的医学家、药物学家李时珍诞辰500周年。请你根据以下要点给你校英语刊物写一篇短文，让更多的人了解这位伟大的医药学家。
1．李时珍于1518年7月3日出生于湖北省，在家人的影响下，他对医学产生了兴趣；
2．他读了大量的医学书，为寻草药他去了很多地方，拜访了很多人，甚至以身试药，历时27年完成巨著《本草纲目》；
3．李时珍于1593年逝世，他因对世界医学所做出的巨大贡献而名垂后世。
参考词汇：药物学家 pharmacologist 草药 herb
贡献 contribution
注意： 1.词数80左右：
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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One possible version：
Born on July 3, 1518 in Hubei Province, Li Shizhen was a great medical scientist and pharmacologist. Under the influence of his family, he developed an interest in medicine. He read a large number of books about medicine and took lots of notes. To find certain herbs, he went to plenty of places and called on a large number of people. He even did experiments on himself. What’s more, no matter what difficulty and danger he met, he never gave up. Finally, it took him 27 years to write the great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, which is a collection of Chinese herbs. And he died in 1593.
Li Shizhen is remembered for his great contributions to the world medicine.
概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Works of literature can be written in a wide variety of forms.These different types or sorts of writing are known as genre(类型)．We can classify literary works by what they have in common—their styles or what they are about，for example.On a simple level，organizing works of literature into genres helps us understand the variety of literary works.
Prose writing can be divided into two main types: fiction and non-fiction.Fiction includes stories that are made up by the author.They are not true in a factual sense but they may be based on scientific，historical or geographic facts.Within the broad area of fiction，we can distinguish two main types: realistic fiction and historical fiction.
Realistic fiction includes stories that are set in the contemporary world and are about people and events that could happen.Most best-sellers are of this style.Realistic fiction itself has many subdivisions(划分) such as crime fiction，adventure stories and romantic stories.Stories set in the past and based on historical facts are historical fiction.Some of the characters in the stories are imaginary，while others may be real people from the past.Much of this type of fiction centers on wars or political events.
Non-fiction books are based on facts and include genres such as biography，history，popular science and reference works such as dictionaries.
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One possible version：
Different types of literary works can be called genres.(要点1) For example，fiction can be divided into two main types.(要点2) Stories in realistic fiction are about events that could happen in the contemporary world，while historical fiction is about stories that are based on historical facts.(要点3)Non-fiction books are written according to facts.(要点4)
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.①Can you figure out how he came up with such a good solution to the difficult question？
②She does exercise every day to__keep__her__figure(保持身材).
2.①We’ll support you wholeheartedly in your new experiment.
②I had planned to study abroad, but neither of my parents was in support of this idea.
③Young as he is, he has a big family to__support(support).
3.①Personally, I think store shopping will exist along with home shopping but will never__be__replaced(replace).
②The old building will most probably be replaced by/with a modern sports center.
③a.If I refuse to go, they will send someone else in__place__of(代替) me.
b.If I refuse to go, they will send someone else to take__the__place__of(代替) me.
4.① a．There have(have) been large quantities of rain in this area in the past two weeks.
b.There has(have) been a large quantity of rain in this area in the past two weeks.
②It’s a lot cheaper if you buy this food in quantity.
5.①To be brief, she was satisfied with the result.
②In brief, the best-seller is well worth reading.
③Tom explained briefly(brief) what to do next.
6.①The fire spread quickly but luckily all the people managed to escape from the burning house.
②Whoever breaks the law won’t escape punishment/being__punished(punish).
③You were lucky to have a narrow escape when a car ran towards you.
7.①The plane can’t take off until the fog clears(clear).
②It__is clear that your life in your country is quite different from mine.
③They cleared up the misunderstanding and made up.
8.This factory produces computers. Its producer is optimistic about the production and sale.(produce)
9.The government is attaching more importance to educating the younger generation. In a sense, it is the duty of every educator to do what they can for the cause of education of China.(educate)
10.After graduation,__he is one of the graduates who have just graduated this year and have found a good job in Beijing.(graduate)
11.Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode)
阅读词汇排查练
1.biology n． 生物学
2.botany n. 植物学
3.genetics n. 遗传学
4.zoology n. 动物学
5.staple adj. 主要的；重要的
6.nickname n. 绰号
7.breeding n． 培育
8.species n. (动物或植物的)种
9.yield n. 产量
10.convert vt. 改变；转换
11.best-seller n. 畅销书(或唱片等)
12.diagnose vt. 诊断
13.victim n． 受害者
14.brilliant adj.
15.rocket n. 火箭
16.millennium n. 千年
17.gunpowder n. 火药
18.arrow n. (弓)箭
重点短语
会书写
1.bring__up 培养；养育
2.the__key__to__(doing)__sth. (做)某事的关键
3.__as__a__result__of 作为……的结果
4.be__known__for 因……而出名/闻名
5.earn__one’s__living 谋生
6.come__to__power 掌权
7.bring__in 引进；带来
会应用
1.Li Hua was born and brought__up in a remote mountain village, where people mainly earned__their__living by farming.
2.More and more new technology has been brought__in since China was open to the outside world.
3.Guilin, known__for its beautiful mountains and rivers, attracts millions of tourists every year.
4.Do you know when the first Chinese empress came__to__power in the Chinese history？
重点句型
1.不定式作表语
做这件事的关键就是区分需要和想要。
The key to doing this is to__tell__the__difference__between needs and wants.
2.keep＋宾语＋宾补(现在分词短语) 使……一直做某事
你不应该让她在寒冷的天气中等了两个小时。
You shouldn’t have kept__her__waiting for two hours in such cold weather.
单元语法
1．So far, every possible means has__been__tried(try) to save the miners stuck in the mine.
2．—What’s up? The house is in a mess!
—Oh, I forgot to tell you. It is__being__painted(paint)．
3．In the museum, visitors are__requested(request) not to touch the exhibits or they will__be__fined(fine)．
4．This brand of knife is quite popular with customers, for it cuts(cut) well.
5．I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．对每一个人来说，很显然什么也代替不了母亲的爱和照顾。(clear; replace)
2．他的母亲，有许多优秀品质，在他的教育上花了大量的时间和金钱。(quality; quantity)
3．从山东大学毕业后不久他就成了他领域里的杰出人物。(graduate; outstanding figure)
4．上周他的第一本书出版了。(publish)
5．总之，不仅是他的努力而且是因为母亲的支持他才获得了成功。(in brief; as a result of; support)
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One possible version：
It is clear to everyone that nothing can replace mother’s love and care.His mother, who has many fine qualities, spent a large quantity of time and money on his education.He became an outstanding figure in his field soon after he graduated from Shandong University.His first book was published last week.In brief, he achieved his success not only as a result of his own hard work, but also of his mother’s support.
课件16张PPT。Module 4 Great Scientistsoutkeep her figureininto supportbe replacedby/within place oftake the place ofhavehasinToInbrieflyfrompunishment/being aclearsIt uppunishedproducesproducerproductioneducatingeducatoreducationgraduationgraduatesgraduatedexplodedexplosion 生物学植物学遗传学动物学主要的；重要的绰号培育(动物或植物的)种产量改变；转换畅销书(或唱片等)诊断受害者聪颖的；才华横溢的火箭千年火药 (弓)箭bring upthe key to (doing) sth.as a result ofbe known forearn one’s livingcome to powerbring inbrought upearned their livingbrought inknown forcame to power to tell the difference betweenkept her waitinghas been triedis being paintedare requestedwill be finedcutsby本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
