高中英语人教新课标选修八 Unit1 A land of diversity 单词讲解（共131张）

课件131张PPT。Unit onewords and phrases
illustrate/??l?stre?t/ Let me illustrate the point with some very, very simple graphs.
让我用一些非常非常简单的图表，阐明这个观点。
The situation illustrates how vulnerable the president is.
这个情况显示总统是多么地不堪一击。
illustration 说明，插图 illustrator 插图画家
distinct/d??st??kt/The tall girl is quite distinct from others.
那个高个子女孩和其他人很不一样。
These animals have a distinct instinct of protecting themselves from being extinct.
这些动物有一种明显的本能,能保护自己不灭绝.
distinction/d??st??k?n/ He is fair to us without distinction
他对我们一视同仁，毫无区别
Lewis emerges as a composer of distinction and sensitivity/?sens??t?v?ti/ .
刘易斯脱颖而出，成为一位有卓越能力和敏锐度的作曲家 immigrant (迁入移民）Finland and Denmark are culturally very similar countries, but one clear difference between them lies in the size and origin of their immigrant populations.
芬兰与丹麦是文化上很类似的国家，但是，十分明确的一点区别在于他们的移民人口的数量与来源显著不同。
As an immigrant American, and someone who has traveled all over the world,he really does appreciate the uniqueness and importance of the American culture of creativity and ingenuity /??nd???nu??ti/.
作为一个移民，一个走遍了世界各地的人，他非常欣赏美国文化中的独特的创造力元素，也深知它的重要意义。
emigrant 迁出移民 immigrate immigration live on Some choose a nomadic/no??m?d?k/ life because they want to be more in touch with nature; others to live on the edge of society without a national insurance number or fixed address.
一些人选择游牧生活，是因为他们想更接近自然；其他的人生活在社会边缘，是因为他们没有社会保险号码或固定的住址。
They have foolishly concluded that because they live on earth, it's their home.
他们愚昧地以为既然生活在世上，这世界就是他们的家乡。 Bering StraitThe Bering Strait parts North America from Asia.
白令海峡把北美洲和亚洲分开。
Alaska is just across the Bering Strait from Russia.
阿拉斯加穿过白令海峡与俄罗斯相连 the Arctic /?ɑ?kt?k/ Now the frozen seas of the Arctic are being opened up; its vast riches unlocked.
现在北极的冰冻地带正在对世界开放，它的丰富的资源将会被开发。
People native to the Arctic have better circulation and avoid frostbite.
北极土生居民血液循环状况更佳，可避免冻伤。 by means of It reduces risks by means of automated/???t??me?t?d/ testing.
它以自动测试的方法降低了风险。
Many cultures have diversified their foods by means of preparation, cooking methods and manufacturing.
在许多文化里依靠原料的准备，烹调的方法和食物工业来使食物多种多样。 prehistoric /?pri?h??st??r?k/ The prehistoric people of Asia preserved meat and fish by packing them in salt.
史前亚洲人用盐包装鱼和肉，从而使它们得以保存
When you reflect on how far we humans have come from the prehistoric caves to mind-blowing technological advancements, you would feel the power of imagination.
当你思考我们人类发展，从史前的洞穴生活到现在令人惊叹的科学技术的突飞猛进，你会感到想象力的威力 majority /m??d???r?ti/The majority of pattern of the American national flag are the stripes.
美国国旗的图案以条纹为主
The majority of people do not live in the present. They either dwell on their past or daydream about the future.
大多数人都不能做到这一点，他们不是沉浸在过去的回忆中，就是整天幻想着自己的未来。
major minor minority
catholic/?k?θl?k/He was a Catholic but didn't practise his religion.
他那时是天主教徒，但并不实践信仰。
In many Catholic countries, the clergy /?kl??rd?i/believed that the corrupted soul of a damned person could be cleansed if they were forced to consume boiling water, burning coals, or both.
在许多天主教国家里，神职人员认为如果强迫一个邪恶的人喝下沸腾的热水或吃下燃烧的煤块又或者两者兼服，他堕落的灵魂就能得到净化。 adventurer /?d?vent??r?r/ He was also a reckless adventurer who got lucky.
同时他也是一位轻率鲁莽而运气十足的冒险家。
I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an adventurer.
我的直觉是亨利会设法参加这次探险，因为他有一点冒险家的气质。 make a life An eastern European tries to make a life in a hostile/?h?sta?l/ city.
一个东欧人在生存条件恶劣的城市中的谋生。
In education we are striving not to teach the youth to make a living, but to make a life.
教育不是为了教会青年人如何谋生，而是教会他们如何创造生活。
despiteI failed the test despite studying all night.
尽管整夜学习，我还是考试不及格。
Despite numerous failures, they continued to conduct the experiment without flagging.
尽管实验几次都失败了，他们仍毫不气馁地继续进行 hardshipAfter years of worry and hardship, her health broke.
经过多年的忧虑和艰苦之后，她的健康变得衰弱了
I will undergo any hardship to master this art in the shortest time!
我能承受任何艰辛，在最短的时间内精通这门技艺！ electBefore we elect him to parliament /?pɑ?rl?m?nt/, we want to know what he stands for.
在我们选他当国会议员之前，我们要知道他的主张
That is what we want because we're not just trying to elect a President, we're trying to change our country.
这就是我们希望看到的，因为我们不只是要选出一位总统，我们正在试图改变我们的国家。 federal /?fed?r?l/Only an effort at the federal level will work.
只有在联邦这一层面的努力方可奏效
Yet it is state politicians, not federal biologists, who now control the fate of wolves.
但决定这些狼命运的就是这些州的政客们，而不是联邦的生物学家 railThe train jumped the rail.
火车突然出轨了。
To attract new businesses to our shores, we need the fastest, most reliable ways to move people, goods, and information -from high-speed rail to high-speed Internet.
为了吸引新的行业来到美国，我们需要运送人员、商品、信息最快捷、最可靠的方法，从高速铁路至高速互联网等基础设施。 percentage /p?r?sent?d?/ What percentage of your income are you saving?
你把多少比例的工资用作储蓄？
Consider a realistic percentage, but be willing to negotiate /n??ɡo??ie?t/ , if necessary.
考虑一个实际的百分比，但是需要的话愿意协商。 boomBut some of the boom is based on hope.
但是，也有些繁荣是建立在希望之上。
He thinks the boom is a mirage /m??rɑ??/ .
他认为这种繁荣的海市蜃楼。 aircraftIn the long term, however, aircraft manufacturers reckon that China will be a promising market.
然而，从长期来讲，飞机制造商认为中国仍然是一有希望的市场。
All aircraft at London Airport were grounded by fog yesterday. (小心：aircraft 的复数形式就是原形）
昨天由于大雾伦敦机场所有飞机停飞。
aircraft carrier 航空母舰 CV racialSome opponents complain of a racial bias/?ba??s/ in its application.
一些反对者诉说在执行中存在种族偏见
It is not only racial harmony that is under threat.
面临威胁的不仅仅是种族和睦。 crossingUntil then, open your mind and keep crossing borders.
届时请敞开心灵继续跨越边界。
Turn left at the first crossing.
请在第一个十字路口向左转。 viceThough modesty be a virtue, yet bashfulness is a vice.
尽管谦虚是一种美德，但害羞就成了缺点
I said, "Well, you just failed at getting promoted to vice President."
我说：“你刚刚在晋升副总裁的事情上失败了。 nephewNeither her nephew nor her niece said anything.
她的侄儿不说话，她的侄女也不说话
The old man longed for children. But he and his young wife had none, so he invited his nephew to live with them.
老人很想能有个孩子，但是他和年轻的妻子膝下无儿无女，于是就叫了自己的侄子来一起住。 poleOver time, Africa can also become a pole of growth.
假以时日，非洲也能成为经济发展中的一极。
An engineer came along, and found out their problem. He put down the pole and measured it easily.
这时一个工程师走过来，发现了他们的困难，于是他放倒旗杆很容易地量出了旗杆的长度 applicant /??pl?k?nt/ This applicant is by far the better than that one.
这个申请者远比那一个好。
No applicant who gains admission, officials say, should feel pressured to go elsewhere because he or she can't afford the fees.
招生办的人说，获得入学资格的申请人不会因为他或她付不起学费而备感压力，从而改上其他学校。 customsOur baggage has cleared customs.
我们的行李已通过海关检查
Of all wedding customs, the bouquet /bu?ke?/toss is arguably the most controversial.
在所有的婚礼习俗中，扔花束是最引起争议的一种了。 socialistEducation must serve the needs of socialist modernization, be integrated with productive labor, and train builders and successors who are well developed morally, intellectually and physically.
教育必须为社会主义现代化服务，必须同生产劳动相结合，培养德智体全面发展的建设者和接班人。 socialismEven after the collapse of Wall Street and all that has followed, an overwhelming majority of Americans say in opinion polls that they prefer capitalism to socialism.
即使是在目睹了华尔街全面崩盘以及随之而来的一切之后，绝大多数的美国人在民意调查中仍表示，比起社会主义来说他们更喜欢资本主义制度。
society social socialist occurwhat would occur if a cat became as big as a tiger?
如果一只猫变得和老虎一样大会发生什么？
More than 99% of all human deaths from rabies/?re?bi?z/ occur in Africa and Asia.
狂犬病造成的所有人类死亡中，有99%以上发生在非洲和亚洲。
cattleWe chopped the trees down so we could feed our animals, our cattle.
我们把树都砍了，我们才能养那些牲畜，养我们的牛.
Many of their cattle, their sole source of support, were now too weak to stand.
他们养的牛，是支撑家庭的唯一来源，现在也是虚弱到不能站立。 indicate/??nd?ke?t/The graph indicates the differences between these words.
图表显示了这些词之间的区别。
The clouds indicate the coming of rain.
云彩预示着即将下雨了 luggageShe planked down her luggage.
她重重地放下行李。
I don't want to encumber myself with unnecessary luggage.
我不想使自己受不必要的行李拖累。 shaveTerry had to retrain himself how to think, how to speak, even relearning something as basic as how to shave.
特里必须重新学习如何思考，如何说话，甚至学习像刮胡子这么简单的事情
Shave in the direction the hair grows, not against it.
顺着毛发生长的方向剃，而不是逆着 cableI first mentioned this idea while being interviewed on a cable news program.
在接受一个有线新闻节目采访时，我第一次提出这个想法。
I figured in our cable car tickets but forgot the bus fares.
我把缆车票算进去却把公共汽车费忘了。 tramI don't know which tram I should get now and I wait with her.
我不知道我现在应该乘哪辆电车，所以我和她一起等。
The next day I felt like I'd been run over by a tram.
第二天，我感觉自己像被车子撞过似的。 apparent/??p?r?nt/ He went to see that beauty in hospital every day. His purpose was quite apparent.
他每天都去医院看那个美女。他的目的很明显.
Apparently the paper was corrected by someone.
显然，论文被人修改了。 brakeAt last the dog found the brake but it was too late to stop: It was travelling fast and the hill was too steep.
最后，那只狗找到了刹车，但是已经太晚停不下来了：开得非常快，山也非常陡峭。
He suddenly stepped on the brake and the car stopped at once.
他突然间踩下了制动踏板，车子一下子就停了下来。 conductorWhen you look for a good musical conductor, you start by looking for a good musician.
在寻找优秀的指挥的时候，您首先要找的是一名优秀的音乐演奏家。
Wood is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
木头是热和电的不良导体。
slipThese three principles of humor are illustrated by the classic slip on the banana peel.
这三个关于幽默的原则是被一个经典作家在踩香蕉皮滑倒时说明。
Yet one slip, and the damage cannot be undone.
稍一犯错，就会造成无法弥补的损害。 wharfMarissa Cooper sat on a bench in a small deserted park huddled against the cold wind that swept over theGreenHarbor wharf.
玛丽莎·库珀坐在一个废弃小公园的长凳上，身体在吹过绿港码头的冷风中缩成一团。
The boatmen boomed the boat off the wharf.
船夫用竿把船推离码头。 bakeryThree months ago, her husband left the village to work in a hotel bakery outside of New Delhi, hoping to earn enough to feed their five children.
三个月前，她的丈夫离开村庄去新德里外的一家旅馆的面包店工作，希望这样能挣到足够的钱养活五个孩子。
She recalls how she advised a group of very poor women running a small, unprofitable bakery in Rwanda some years ago.
她回想起几年前她在卢旺达指导一群经营着一家毫不赚钱的小面包店的非常贫困的妇女。 ferryHe rode the ferry over, and I knew him the moment I saw him.
他乘坐了轮渡过来，当我看到他的一瞬间就认出了他。
It is market-day in the village on the other bank; that is why the ferry is so busy.
今天是对岸小村子的集日，所以渡船才会那么地繁忙。 team up withI knew he was a guy I wanted to team up with, no question.
我当时就知道他这个人我能与之长久合作共事，这一点毫无疑问
Team up with your family doctor.
跟您的家庭医生配合。 hireActors may hire agents to conduct their affairs.
演员可以雇用经纪人掌管他们的事务。
Think about where the people you want to hire are hanging out.
设想一下，那些你想雇用的人会出现在什么地方。
fascinatingIt was a fascinating trip.
那是一次迷人的旅行。
The mobile web is a fascinating space that is still in its infancy.
移动网络是一个迷人的世界，它现在仍然处于初级阶段。 mark outMark out your mistakes, and find out what causes you to make these mistakes.
把错误的地方划出来并找出原因
When planting seedlings I prefer to mark out the rows in advance.
种树苗的时候，我喜欢事先划出行来。 seagullThe old seagull looked at him kindly.
这只老海鸥慈祥地望着他。
One of the most common birds on the sandy shore is the seagull.
海滩上最常见的一种鸟类就是海鸥。 take in If you take in more calories than you are burning then you gain weight.
如果你摄入了比你自身需要更多的卡路里。你就会增加体重。
I could hardly take in what the old man said.
我几乎听不懂老人说了什么 a good manySince I've read quite a few English books, I know a good many words and phrases.
因为我曾阅读不少的英文书，所以我知道很多的单词和短词。
He had a good many domestic troubles.
他有许多家庭纠纷缠身。 nowhereWe have a choice: take effective action or be like a mouse in a wheel, always running, getting nowhere.
我们有得选择：要么做有效的行动，要么像老鼠一样到处乱窜，却哪儿也去不了
He was the type you sometimes meet while travelling, a citizen of nowhere, with no roots, family or friends.
你旅行时会碰到这种类型的人，他不属于任何地方，没有根，没有家庭和朋友 apply for If you want to apply for a job at the office where I work, I'll put in a good word for you.
如果你想申请我所在单位的工作，我可以替你美言几句。
What qualifications should I have to apply for this major?
要申请这个专业，我需要具备哪些资格？ miserable/?m?zr?bl/ The miserable scene that a bee was trapped and eaten by a spider was revived in my mind.
在我的脑海里又回忆起那幅蜜蜂被白蜘蛛困住并吃掉的悲惨的景象。Focus on what makes you happy about your job, not miserable.
关注工作中让你快乐的一面，而不是悲惨的一面。
punishment Deserve If you do wrong, you deserve severe punishment.
如果你做错事，应受严厉的处罚。
To escape punishment is one of the most obvious reasons why people lie.
人为什么说谎？为了逃避惩罚是最容易见到的原因之一。 justiceWhat he wants is not money but justice.
他所要的不是钱而是公正。
We believe the court can find justice for us.
我们相信这个法庭能为我们寻求正义
just injust injustice mournIf this era is over, few will mourn its passing.
如果这个时代结束，很少人会哀悼它的消逝
They mourn the spirit of a tree when it dies.
他们为一颗树的灵魂升天表示哀悼。 civilAccepting compulsory education is a civil right.
接受义务教育是一项公民权利
It's a notice of violation /?va???le??n/ but no civil penalty/?pen?lti/ .
它是一个违规的通知，但是没有民事处罚。
authority /??θ??r?ti/ I am no stickler for authority.
我决非拘泥于权威的人。
They disclaimed the authority of the president.
他们不承认总统的权威。 reformThat famous song is about China's far-reaching reform started by Mr. Dengxiaoping.
What matters in reform is not words but action.
在改革中，重要的不是言论，而是行动。 graspHe held my hand in a friendly grasp.
他友好地紧握着我的手。
A businessman will grasp at any chance to make a profit.
一个商人会抓住任何一个机会赚钱。 thoughtfulI want to thank every one of you for your thoughtful, inspiring and often beautiful notes, cards and gifts.
我想对你们每一个人表示感谢，感谢你们送来充满体贴、激励，而且漂亮的信件、卡片和礼物。
His answers were very thoughtful and he spoke in a calm low voice.
他的回答很周到，一直用他平静低沉的声音发言。 thankfulBe thankful for what you have; you'll end up having more.
对于你所拥有的，要心存感激，这样你就会拥有更多。
Be thankful for the difficult times, because during those times you grow.
感谢那些困难的日子，因为你学会了成长。 insertSome ads are inserted in the TV series, which bores audience.
电视连续剧里插入了一些广告，使观众感到厌烦。 看图猜词 straitIt suddenly to him that he hadn’t solved the math problem.occurredIt occurs to sb that
某人想到做某事 aircraftcattleluggagetram brake conductor a person whose job is to collect money from passengers on a bus or check their ticketbakeryferry Ⅰ.重点单词即学即练
1．distinct adj.清晰的；明确的→ n．差别；区分
2．hard adj.困难的 n．苦难；困苦
3．elect vt.选择或决定(做某事)；选举(某人)→ n．选举
4．nephew n．侄子；外甥→ n．外甥女
5．applicant n．申请人→ v. 申请；请求 → . n．申请；申请书
6．customs n. →customer n. .
7．Indicate vt.指出；表明；暗示→ n．表明；象征
8．apparent adj.显然的→ adv.显而易见地distinctionhardship electionniece applyapplication海关、关税顾客indication apparently
9． punishment n．处罚；惩罚→ vt.惩罚
10.majority n．大多数；大半→(反义词)
11.percent adj.每百分的，百分之...的； n. 百分比；百分率
12. social adj. 社会的，阶级的，交际的， n. 社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的
n. 社会主义
13.conductor n. （公车）售票员；列车员；（乐队）指挥. vi.当指挥；带领/vt.管理；指导；进行；引路；实施； 处理；经营。
14.civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的 vt.使文明；使开化；教化； 使有教养；
vi.变得文明 n.文明；文化；教养。punishminoritypercentage socialistsocialism conductcivilizecivilization短语小结live up toa/the majority of ...by this meansby no meanslive onbe in the/a majorityin the minorityattract … to…符合；不辜负；履行；达到（预期）用这种方法绝不；无论如何也不大多数……构成大部分/大多数占少数把……吸引到……靠什么生活elect to do ...keep away fromkeep up with　keep on (doing sth.) elect sb.(to be/as) ... keep offkeep backkeep out of 选择或决定……选举某人为……跟上……，与……保持同步继续(做某事)不靠近/远离……不靠近；远离；勿踩；勿踏阻止；保留；隐瞒(使)不进入 sth. occurs to sb.　take on It occurs to sb. to do sth. 　take offIt occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ...take over take upapply to某人突然想起某事某人突然想起……某人突然想起做某事起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功呈现；雇用；承担；采用；接收；接管；取代占去；占据；开始从事适用于……;向…正式申请；team up withslip down 　back to backapply formark outtake ina good/great many申请；请示得到滑下去背靠背与……合作或一起工作用线画出范围；标出……界线包括；吸收；领悟；欺骗；接待；理解；许多；很多