高中英语选修八：unit3 inventors and inventions grammar 过去分词课件(共71张PPT)

课件71张PPT。 Unit 3
Inventors
and
InventionsGrammar动词-ed形式作定语
动词-ed形式作表语
动词-ed形式作宾语补足语动词-ed形式作状语
Grammar
过去分词知识总结
一. 过去分词的构成形式
二. 过去分词的分类
三. 过去分词的用法
1.规则形式: “动词原形+ed”
look-- stop--
love -- play-- study--
plant-- need-- 一. 过去分词的构成形式playedlooked stoppedlovedplantedstudiedneeded︱t︱︱d︱︱id︱2.不规则形式1）AAA型 cut cut cut put put put
2）AAB型 beat beat beaten
ABA型 come came come
run ran run
ABB型 hear heard heard
catch caught caught
make made made
ABC型 take took taken
break broke broken
begin began begun过去分词的分类
过去分词分三类：
及物动词的过去分词： 表被动或被动和完成
不及物动词的过去分词：表完成
形容词化的过去分词：表性质，状态三. 过去分词的用法
1）单个过去分词作定语：前置
vt 类：
the affected person
fried chicken
vi 类：
fallen leaves

adj 类：
a married man
a well-known writer
a satisfied expression
a boiled eggsteamed fisha retired teachera broken vasethe lost timeI. Past participles used as attribute(定语) 2）过去分词短语作定语：后置
鲁迅写的这本小说很受欢迎。
The novel _______________is quite popular.
去年退休的那个老师在教学上很专业。
The teacher ______________is quite professional in teaching.
担心着旅程的那个男人决定叫他朋友作伴。
The man _________________________ decided to ask his friend to keep him company.表被动表完成表状态written by Luxunretired last yearworried about the journey被车子伤到的那个男孩被立即送往医院。
The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.
穿着红色裙子的那个女孩子是我的姐姐。
The girl dressed in a red skirt is my elder sister.
即时练习：3）过去分词修饰不定代词（something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody等),或指示代词those: 后置
Is there anything unsolved?
还有什么未解决的吗？
He was one of those killed.
他是那些被杀害的人之一
4）有时单个过去分词做定语，如left,或修饰there be 句型的主语，或修饰的名词前有最高级，也后置，
The books left are for you.
There is not much time left.
This is the best hotel known to me.2.作用---相当于一个定语从句
（2）The book, written in1957, tells the struggle of the miners.=Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?（1）Is there anything planned for tonight ？
=The book, which was written in 1957, tells the struggle of the miners.注：The problem （discussed yesterday） has something to do with daily life. （表示完成）
The problem （being discussed now） has nothing to do with daily life.　（表示正在进行）
1.过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意,
而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。
其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
The window is broken.
She was greatly excited.2. 与现在分词作表语的区别。
现在分词：表示主语的特征或性质，“令人…”，有主动意思。e.g. How disappointing the election is! 过去分词：主语的感受，“感到…”，有被动意思。e.g. They feel disappointed at the election.
II. Past participles used as predictive（表语）常见的这类此有：
interesting — interested
encouraging — encouraged
delighting—delighted
disappointing—disappointed
pleasing—pleased
puzzling—puzzled
satisfying—satisfied
surprising—surprised
worrying--worriedHe looked _______ （worry） after reading the letter．
When we heard of it, we were deeply ________ (move)．
He seemed quite _______(delight)at the idea． worriedmoveddelightedPracticeThis river is polluted.（过去分词作表语，表状态）
译：这条河被污染了。
This river was polluted by the chemical plant.
（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）
译：这条河是被那家化工厂给污染的。★过去分词作表语和被动语态的区别：The windows are closed .译：窗户是关着的。The windows were closed by Jack.译：窗户是被杰克关起来的。过去分词作表语，表状态，相当于一个形容词；在被动语态中，过去分词表动作，常由by引出动作的发出者。The gentleman is well dressed.
那位先生穿着讲究。（系表结构）
The children were dressed and shown around the museum.
给孩子们穿上衣服就带去参观博物馆了。（被动语态）
作宾语补足语的过去分词, 表示被动和完成意义, 或说明宾语所处的状态, 一般跟它前面的宾语在逻辑上构成动宾关系, 表被动,其结构形式为:主语＋谓语动词＋宾语＋过去分词。III. Past participle used as the Object Complement (宾语补足语)She found her necklace _______(go) on her way home. I found the leaves ________(fall) two days ago.完成fallengoneOn coming in, I found a girl ______(seat) in the corner.I like her _____(dress)in red. 状态seateddressedI found the small town changed a lot.(表动作已完成)He wants the letter typed right away.(动宾关系)We must get our homework finished on time. (动宾关系)过去分词（短语）在句子中作宾语补足语表示动作已完成，
或和宾语存在动宾关系。这类句子的谓语动词通常是表示
1)“感官” （如see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find等)
2)“命令或意愿”（如order,like,want, wish, expect等)
3)“使役动词” （ 如 get , make, have, keep , leave等）1.We saw the thief_________ (catch) by the police.caught 2. I will have/get my hair ______ (cut) tomorrow. cut 3.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ____ (hear).heard 4. She will keep you ________ (inform) while you are in the United States.
5. We wished the problem ________(settle) at once.informedsettled4).在“with+宾语+宾补” 结构中
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。
She found the door ________ (break) in when she came back．
她回来时发现有人破门而人。
My grandfather had his old house __________ (build)．
我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。brokenrebuiltpracticePeople found the girl beaten black and blue．人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(宾语补足语)The girl was found beaten black and blue．(主语补足语) 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。过去分词作状语相当于状语从句。e.g. 1. Asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry.过去分词作时间状语相当于时间状语从句(When he was) asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry.IV. Past participle used as the Adverbial(状语)e.g. 2. Given more time, I’ll catch up with you.过去分词作条件状语相当于条件状语从句(If I am) given more time, I’ll catch up with you.e.g. 3. Born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.
过去分词作原因状语相当于原因状语从句(Because he was) born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there.e.g. 4. Defeated many times, they continue to fight.过去分词作让步状语相当于让步状语从句(Although they had been) defeated many times, they continued to fight.e.g.5. The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.表示方式和伴随情况时可以转换为一个并列的谓语成分。The teacher entered the classroom (and he was followed) by a group of student.6. 表示结果
The cup fell down to the ground, broken.
The cup fell down to the ground so that it was broken.
Learning tips:过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时， 其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。
Given another chance, the job could be better done.
Given another chance, I could do the job better.
If I was given another chance, the job could be better done.×当句子的主语不是分词的逻辑主语时，过去分词（短语）前面可加上名词或代词作逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
When all the difficult problems were settled, he felt a great weight taken off his mind.
＝ All the difficult problems settled, he felt …
(1)Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。（her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语。）
结构:名词或代词(主格/逻辑主语)+分词(2)The signal _____, the bus started. 信号一发出，汽车就开动了。(give)given（the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语。过去分词（短语）作状语，前边往往可以加when, while, if, unless, once, as if, although等连词，构成“连词＋分词” 形式。
我们都知道，如果不认真处理，情况会变得更糟糕。
We all know that, if not carefully dealt with, the situation will get worse._______________London (夜里参观伦敦)at night, you are a bit like in a dream.____________ (当有人夜里来访)at night , you must make sure the visitor really your friend.When visitingWhen visited选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。_____________________________ (写完了所有
的信之后)，I had a drink and went out.Having finished all my letters___________ (信写完之后)，the letter should
be read to the one who asks you to write it.Finished 从山顶看， 我们能看到一个美丽的公园。 从山顶看， 公园很美丽。Seeing from the top of the hill, we can see a
beautiful park.Seen from the top of the hill, the park is beautiful.
____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)
______ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress) be lost in； be dressed in；
be interested in； be devoted to；
be supposed to； be caught in the rain；
be seated in； be prepared for；
be determined to Lost 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，表示主语
所处的状态，不表被动。这样的过去分词及短语
常见的有：Dressed过去分词作状语的位置。过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。
He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
generally speaking一般说来,
given鉴于,
judging from/by根据…来看,
judged by
considering考虑到,
supposing that假如,
talking of说到,
seeing (that)鉴于，由于
有些固定用法：1. When she heard the news, she burst into crying.
_________ the news, she burst into crying.
2. Australia is located on the west coast of the Pacific. Australia is the largest country in Oceania.
Australia， ________ __________ the west
coast of the Pacific， is the largest country in
Oceania.用非谓语结构改写句子Hearinglocated on 3. Though I admit what he has said, I still doubt he didn’t do his best.
__________ ________ ________ _______ _________, I still doubt he didn’t do his best.
4. Because I missed the bus, I went to school
late.
________ ________ __________, I went to school late.
Admitting what he hassaidMissing the bus用非谓语结构美化句子1.因为在这国家又没有朋友，她觉得要想找到工作是不可能的。
用连词because
Because she has no friend in the country, she found it impossible to find a job.
用非谓语结构
Having no friend in the country, she found it
impossible to find a job.2.发现学生下午昏昏欲睡的样子，老师竭尽所能来激发(arouse)他们的兴趣。
用连词and
The teacher found students sleepy in the
afternoon and did everything he could to
arouse their interest.
用非谓语结构
Finding students sleepy in the afternoon, the
teacher did everything he could to arouse their
interest.
3.这本用简易英语写成的书很容易读懂
用定语从句
The book, which was written in simple
English, is easy to understand.
用非谓语结构
The book , written in simple English, is easy
to understand4. 他们是来自于几个国家的游客。
用定语从句
They are visitors who come from several
countries.
用非谓语结构
They are visitors coming from several
countries.1. I was seriously injured. I couldn’t stand up.
Seriously injured, I couldn’t stand up.2. I saw that little creatures also have sincere love as human beings. I was greatly moved.Seeing that little creatures also have sincere love as human beings, I was greatly moved.用非谓语结构合并句子 3. I don’t like the man. The man is wearing a pair of dark glasses.

I don’t like the man wearing a pair of dark glasses.4. The temper was built 1,000 years ago. The temper is visited by thousands of people every year. The temper, built 1,000 years ago, is visited by thousands of people every year. It was.基础写作：
【写作内容】你校组织了一次游香港海洋公园的活动，请你根据下列提示和要求用英语写一篇有关该公园的短文，短文必须包括以下内容要点：
1. 海洋公园开放于1977年；
2. 占地69公顷；
3. 位于香港岛的南部；
4. 是世界上最大的海洋公园，也是全球最受欢迎的主题公园；
5. 建有各种设施，人们不但可以观看各种海洋生物，还可以玩很多刺激的游戏；
6. 大陆来的熊猫佳佳、安安也是住在园内。1. 海洋公园开放于1977年, 位于香港岛的南部(主语，非谓语结构， be located/situated in …)
Hong Kong Ocean Park, opened in 1977, is located on the south end of Hong Kong Island.
2. 占地69公顷(hectare), 使得它成为世界上最大的海洋公园(主+谓+宾，非谓语结构)
It covers an area of 69 hectares, making it the largest ocean park in the world. Hong Kong Ocean Park, opened in 1977, is located on the south end of Hong Kong Island. It covers an area of 69 hectares, making it the largest ocean park in the world. The park has all kinds of facilities, which not only offer people a place to see all kinds of living animals in the ocean but play many exciting games as well. What makes us more pleased is that Pandas Jiajia and Anan from the mainland are also living in the park. Therefore, Hong Kong Ocean Park is the most popular theme park in the world.
练习坊1. When I arrived home one day, I found her ______ (seat) under the tall tree.
2. You can improve your mind by _______ (read) literary classics.
3. In order to make himself _____ (hear), he raised his voice a little bit.用所给词的适当形式填空。seatedreadingheardPlease remain _____; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.seated4. The pool, _______ (cover) an area of 300 square meters, is big enough for you to enjoy.
5. The children will get ________ (confuse) if asked to learn too much at a time.
6. Do you like the book _____ (make) up of untrue stories?coveringconfusedmade7. Don’t keep the visitor ______ (wait) for such a long time.
8. Most of my classmates know that I like reading books ______ (write) by Zhang Ailing.
9. The _______ water isn’t fit to drink.
You should drink the _______ water. (boil)
10. He looked _______ (worry) after _________ (read) the letter．writtenwaitingboilingboiledworriedreading11. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______ (finish), he gladly accepted it．
12. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _______ (speak) as much as we can.
finishedspoken
12. John Snow told the story about the _________ (astonish) people in Broad Street.
13. Some of the people _______ (invite) to the party couldn’t come.
14. There is a car _______ (park) outside the house. astonishedinvitedparked15. The experience _______ (gain) will be of great value to us.
16. These seats are _______ (reserve) for you.
17. The library is ______ (close) on weekends.
18. Don’t drink the _______ (pollute) water.
19. The ________ (worry) mother looked at her ________ (worry) son, looking _______(worry). gainedreservedclosedpollutedworriedworryingworriedExercise:The managers discussed the plan that
they would like to see____the next year.
A.carry out B.carrying out
C.carried out D.to carry out
2.Mrs. Brown was much disappointed
to see the washing machine she had had
_______went wrong again.
A.it B. it repaired
C.repaired D. to be repairedChoose the best answer3.With a lot of difficult problems_____,
the newly-elected president is having
a hard time.
A.settled B.settling
C.to settle D.being settled
4.With trees,flowers and grass_____
everywhere, my native town had taken
anew look.
A.planting B.planted
C.to plant D.to be planted5. She was glad to see her child well_____ care of.
A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking
6.The result of the entrance exams was not made _____to the public until last
Thursday.
A. knowing B. known
C. to know D.to be known
7. I can make you _____what I say, but you can’t make yourself ____in English.
A. understand; understand
B. understand; understood
C. to understand; understand
D. understand; to be understood
8.He found them____at a table_____
A.sat; to play chess
B.sitting; to play chess
C.seated; playing chess
D.seat; play the chess
9. John rushed out in a hurry,___
the door_____.
A.leaving; unlocked B.leaving; unlocking
C.left, unlocked D.to leave;unlocking10.We are pleased to see the problem___ so quickly.
A .settled B .settling
C.be settled D .having been settled
11.I could feel the wind ___on my face from an open window.
A .to blow B.blowing
C.to be blowing D .blown
12. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(’96)
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
13. The computer center, ___last year, is very popular among the students in this school. (’94)
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened14. The research is so designed that once nothing
can be done to change it. (’02)
A. Begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
15. When , the museum will be open to the public next year .(’02)
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
16. The lecture ______ will be given the day after tomorrow.
A. has been talked about B. to talk about
C. so much talked about D. so much talking of
17. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt
Ⅲ. 单句改错：
1. The foreigner tried his best to make his point be understood.
2. They found a piece of rope with one end tying in a circle.
3. Mark got his hands to be burnt in the accident.
tying → tied去掉 be去掉 to be 4. How would you like the rent to pay, in cash or by cheque?
5. What kept you so exciting?

6. You should speak loudly enough to make yourself hear.
7. I noticed the traffic holding up after a bad accident.to pay → paidexciting → excitedhear → heardholding →held 8. He wanted the door to paint yellow.
9. I know little about the girl calling
Lily. to paint→paintedcalling→calledhave a break名词性从句翻译问题是我们怎样才能记住新单词。??
The problem is how we can remember the new words.
我想知道你是否能给我换开这张大票子（note）。??
I want to know if/whether you can change the big note for me?
他的愿望是７月能去看世博园（the Expo）。
His wish is that he can visit the Expo in July.?
这建议听起来是个不错的主意。?
The suggestion sounds like a good idea.?
我不知道她为什么还没收到我的信。
I have no idea why she hasn’t received my letter.(同位语)
I don’t know why she hasn’t heard from me.(宾语从句)名词性从句翻译相信你自己能回答所有这些问题。??
Believe that you can answer all these questions by yourself.
那就是为什么他考试没及格。??
That is why he failed in the exam.
我们还没有决定是去还是不去。??
We haven’t decided whether to go or not.
It hasn’t been decided by us whether we will go or not.
我们的足球队是否会赢还不确定。??
It’s still uncertain whether our football team will win.
我们在哪儿可以查到他的地址还是个问题。?
It’s still a problem where we can get his address.名词性从句翻译无论是谁没有明白这一点就会犯很大的错误。
Whoever can’t understand this point will make a big mistake.
有多少水在流动很容易就能测（measure）出来。
It is very easy to measure how much water is flowing.??
我问的是这个故事是何时何地发生的。?
What I asked is when and where the story happened.?
今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。??
That this university will take in more freshmen is true.
It is true that this university will take in more freshmen.名词性从句翻译让我们讨论一下是否能够及时完成任务这个问题。
Let’s discuss the problem whether we can finishe the task in time.
突然我产生了一个想法，认为她可能失去了丈夫。
I had an idea suddenly that she might have lost her husband.??
It occurred to me that she might have lost her husband.
消息传开说他被一重点大学（a key university）录取了。??
Words spread that he has been admitted to a key university.
毫无疑问教育是人生最重要的一方面。
There is no doubt that education is the most important part in life.?