Section
Ⅱ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary—Language
Points
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have...in
common 在……方面有相同之处，
有相同的特点
(教材P1)We
have
really
everything
in
common
with
America
nowadays,
except
of
course,
language.
当然除了语言，我们确实和美国一切都是相同的。
(1)have
a
lot/much/a
great
deal
in
common
with...
与……有很多共同之处
have
nothing/little
in
common
with...
与……没有/有很少共同之处
in
common
with...
与……一样
(2)common
sense
常识；情理
①(朗文辞典)To
my
surprise,
I
found
I
had
a
lot
in
common
with
this
stranger.
令我吃惊的是，我发现自己和这个陌生人有许多相同点。
②They
are
twin
sisters,
but
they
have
nothing
in
common.
她们是双胞胎姐妹，但她们毫无共同之处。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Though
they
are
brothers,
they
have
nothing
in
common
with
one
another.
②Britain，in
common
with
many
other
industrialized
countries,
has
experienced
major
changes
over
the
last
100
years.
[链接写作]——完成句子
③(2016·江苏卷)——只有那些共同点多的人才能友好相处。
—Only
those
who
have__a__lot__in__common
can
get
along
well.
——恕我不敢苟同。有时的确是相异而相吸。
—I
beg
to
differ.
Opposites
sometimes
do
attract.
④当面对这种情况时，任何有常识的人都会做出正确决定。
Anyone__with__common__sense__is
able
to
make
the
right
decision
when
facing
the
situation.
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get
around 到处走动；(消息、谣言)传开
(教材P2)As
a
tourist,
you
will
need
to
use
the
underground
in
London
or
the
subway
in
New
York,
or
maybe
you
will
prefer
to
get
around
the
town
by
taxi
(British)
or
cab
(American)．
作为游客，你在伦敦要乘坐的地铁叫underground，而在纽约则叫subway，或者你也许更愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。
get
along/on
with
与……相处；进展
get
down
to
(doing)
sth.
开始认真于(做)某事
get
across
(使)被理解；(使)被接受
get
through
通过；拨通(电话)
get
over
克服；恢复
①My
grandfather
is
very
old
now
and
he
doesn’t
get
around
much.
我的祖父现在年事已高，四处走动得很少了。
②Good
news
never
goes
beyond
the
gate,
while
bad
news
gets
around
quickly.
好事不出门，坏事传千里。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I
tried
calling
you
several
times，but
I
couldn’t
get
through．
②It
took
him
a
very
long
time
to
get
over
the
shock
of
his
wife’s
death.
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confusing
adj.令人困惑的；难懂的
(教材P2)Sometimes
the
same
word
has
a
slightly
different
meaning,
which
can
be
confusing.
有时候同一个单词的含义有微小的差别，这让人很困惑。
(1)confuse
vt.
使困惑；使难于理解
confuse
A
with/and
B
把A与B弄混
(2)confused
adj.
感到困惑的；感到难懂的
(3)confusion
n.
困惑；混乱；混淆
in
confusion
困惑地；困窘地
①The
instructions
on
the
box
are
very
confusing.
盒子上的使用说明令人费解。
②His
writing
is
so
confusing
that
it’s
difficult
to
make
out
what
it
is
that
he
is
trying
to
express. 他的文章如此难懂，以至于很难弄清楚他到底在想表达什么。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(朗文辞典)I
always
confuse
you
with
your
sister.
You
are
so
alike.
②They
confused
me
by
asking
so
many
confusing
questions.
I
was
totally
confused,__standing
there
in
confusion,__not
knowing
what
to
do.(confuse)
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confusing表示事物让人产生迷惑的情绪，主语是物；而confused表示人受到事物的影响而感到迷惑，主语是人。当修饰一个人的表情(look，expression)及声音(voice)时，一般用confused。
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compare vt.比较，对照；比作 n．比较
(教材P2)Prepositions，too，can
be
different：compare
on
the
team,
on
the
weekend
(American)
with
in
the
team,
at
the
weekend
(British)．
介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on
the
team，on
the
weekend(美式)和in
the
team，at
the
weekend(英式)。
(1)compare...with... 把……和……比较
compare...to...
把……比作……；
把……与……相比
compared
to/with
与……相比(通常置于句首作状语)
compare
notes
交换意见
(2)beyond/without
compare
无与伦比
①I
intended
to
compare
notes
with
friends,
but
unfortunately
they
couldn’t
spare
me
even
one
minute.
我想和朋友交换意见，但不幸的是，他们甚至不能匀给我一分钟的时间。
②A
teacher
is
often
compared
to
a
candle.
That’s
because
their
devotion
to
work
is
beyond
compare.
老师常被喻为蜡烛。那是因为他们对工作的奉献精神是无与伦比的。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Many
parents
like
comparing
their
own
children
with
their
friends’
children.
②a.(重庆卷)Michael’s
new
house
is
like
a
huge
palace,
compared(compare)
with
his
old
one.
b．(浙江卷)When
comparing(compare)
different
cultures,
we
often
pay
attention
only
to
the
differences
without
noticing
the
many
similarities.
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)If
you
compare
her
work
with
his
work,
you’ll
find
hers
is
much
better.
③(高级表达)Compared__to/with__his__work,__her
work
is
much
better.(过去分词短语作状语)
④(高级表达)Comparing__her__work__with__his__work，you’ll
find
hers
is
much
better.(现在分词短语作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Compare__her__work__with__his__work,__and__you’ll
find
hers
is
much
better.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
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compare是英语词汇中的高频词，也是高频考点，高考中主要考查其现在分词和过去分词作状语的用法。选用哪种形式，关键是看它和主句主语之间的关系，若是主动关系就用comparing，若是被动关系则用compared。
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differ vi.不同，有区别
(教材P2)The
other
two
areas
in
which
the
two
varieties
differ
are
spelling
and
pronunciation.
这两种英语另外两个不同的方面是拼写和发音。
(1)differ
from 与……不同
differ
in
在……方面不同
differ
with
sb.
与某人意见/看法不同
(2)difference
n.
不同；区别
make
a/no/little
difference
(to...)
(对……)有/无/几乎无影响
tell
the
difference
between...and...
分辨……与……的不同
(3)different
adj.
不同的；相异的
be
different
from/to
与……不同
be
different
in
在……方面不同
①(朗文辞典)People
differ
from
one
another
in
their
ability
to
handle
stress.
在处理压力方面人们各不相同。
②I’m
sorry
to
differ
with
you
on
that
question.
对不起，在那个问题上我与你的看法不同。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①
(2016·北京卷)Because
a
college
community(群体)
differs(differ)
from
the
family,
many
students
will
struggle
to
find
a
sense
of
belonging.
②(2017·江苏卷)Before
birth,
babies
can
tell
the
difference(differ)
between
loud
sounds
and
voices.
[链接写作]——一句多译
英式英语和美式英语在语言的发音和拼写方面有明显的区别。
③British
English
differs__obviously__from__American__English__in
pronunciation
and
spelling.(differ)
④British
English
is__obviously__different__from__American__English__in
pronunciation
and
spelling.(different)
⑤There
are
obvious__differences__between__British__English__and__American__English__in
pronunciation
and
spelling.(difference)
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lead
to 引起，导致；通向
(教材P3)But
it
has
also
led
to
lots
of
American
words
and
structures
passing
into
British
English,
so
that
some
people
now
believe
that
British
English
will
disappear.
但这也导致了大量的美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语，以至于现在有一些人认为英式英语将会消失。
(1)lead
sb.to
sp.
带领某人去某地
lead
sb.to
do
sth.
使某人做某事
(2)lead
a(n)．..life
过着……的生活
lead
the
way
带路
①(天津卷)It
doesn’t
matter
whether
you
turn
right
or
left
at
the
crossing—both
roads
lead
to
the
park. 在十字路口你朝右或朝左转都没关系——两条路都通向公园。
②Eating
too
much
sugar
can
lead
to
health
problems.
食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①a.(四川卷)Good
habits
always
lead
to
high
efficiency,
while
bad
ones
bring
the
opposite.
b．Could
you
do
me
a
favour
and
lead
me
to
the
bus
station
②A
lack
of
confidence
can
lead
to
your
losing(lose)the
chance
to
go
abroad
for
further
education.
③His
amazing
intelligence
led
him
to__make(make)
many
great
discoveries.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达)The
girl
led__the__way(领路),
so
we
had
no
difficulty
finding
the
house.
⑤(高级表达)With__the__girl__leading__the__way,__we
had
no
difficulty
finding
the
house.(with＋宾语＋宾补)
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“动词＋介词to”型短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。这种短语是考试中的热点，考生容易产生定式思维，想当然地认为to之后要跟动词原形，所以要牢记含有介词to的短语。
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并列连词while
(教材P2)Americans
use
a
flashlight,
while
for
the
British,
it’s
a
torch.
美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人则叫它torch。
本句中while作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，然而”。
(1)while为从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；
while从句中谓语动词常用延续性动词。
(2)while为从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，从句一般位于句首。
①He
likes
playing
basketball，while
I
like
listening
to
music.
他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。
②Tom
looked
upon
the
test
as
an
obstacle
while
his
classmates
regarded
it
as
a
challenge.
汤姆把这次考试视为一个障碍，而他的同学却把它当作一个挑战。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Her
mother
is
fond
of
western
music,
while
her
father
is
interested
in
Peking
Opera.
[链接写作]——完成句子
②当他读报纸的时候，他听到有人敲门。
While__he__was__reading__the__newspaper,__he
heard
someone
knock
at
the
door.
③虽然我们并不富裕，我们仍然愿意帮助处于困境中的人。
While__we__are__not__rich，we
are
still
willing
to
help
the
people
in
trouble.
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have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.
(教材P2)A
Londoner
has
more
difficulty
understanding
a
Scotsman
from
Glasgow
than
understanding
a
New
Yorker.
一个伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。
句中have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.意为“做某事有困难”，其中difficulty
为不可数名词，difficulty前可用some，any，no，little等词来修饰。表示“做某事有困难”的常见其他结构：
have
difficulty/trouble
with
sth.
have
trouble/problems/a
hard
time
(in)
doing
sth.
①(牛津词典)I
had
considerable
difficulty
(in)
persuading
her
to
leave.
我费了好大的劲说服她离开。
②(牛津词典)I
had
no
difficulty
(in)
making
myself
understood.
我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(北京卷)—Did
you
have
difficulty
finding(find)
Ann’s
house
—Not
really.
She
had
given
us
clear
directions
and
we
were
able
to
find
it
easily.
②You
have
no
difficulty
remembering(remember)
the
new
words
so
you
can’t
imagine
the
difficulty
I
have
learning(learn)
them
by
heart.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
③(辽宁卷)(普通表达)We
had__difficulty__walking__home(步行回家非常困难)
in
the
snowstorm.
You
can’t
imagine
the
difficulty.
④(高级表达)You__can’t__imagine__what__difficulty__we__had__walking__home__in__the__snowstorm.(宾语从句＋感叹句)
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在语法填空中，常将have
difficulty
doing
sth.句式中的difficulty提前作先行词，因此定语从句中have后常为
doing形式。
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make
it＋adj.＋for
sb.to
do
sth.
(教材P3)This
non stop
communication,
the
experts
think,
has
made
it
easier
for
British
people
and
Americans
to
understand
each
other.
专家们认为，这种不间断的交流已使英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。
句中为“make
it＋adj.＋for
sb.to
do
sth.”句型，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式to
understand。
(1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句
make＋it＋形容词/名词＋to
do不定式
make＋it＋no
good/no
use/no
value...＋doing
sth.
(2)常用于这种句型的动词：make，think，consider，find，feel等。
①Timely
return
of
a
loan
makes
it
easier
to
borrow
a
second
time.
有借有还，再借不难。
②(江西卷)Why
don’t
you
bring
it
to
his
attention
that
you’re
too
ill
to
work
on
你为什么没让他注意到你身体太不舒服而无法继续工作？
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2016·北京卷)To
make
it
easier__to__get(get)
in
touch
with
us,
you’d
better
keep
this
card
at
hand.
②(山东卷)Susan
made
it
clear
to
me
that
she
wished
to
make
a
new
life
for
herself.
[链接写作]——句式升级
③(普通表达)I
think
reading
in
bed
is
no
good
and
it
does
great
harm
to
your
eyes.
(高级表达)I__think__it__no__good__reading__in__bed，which__does__great__harm__to__your__eyes.(形式宾语＋非限制性定语从句)
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品句填词
1．He
answered
our
questions
in
English
but
with
a
thick
____________(口音)．
答案：accent
2．____________(比较)
Tom
with
other
athletes,
you
will
find
that
Tom
has
the
perfect
body
shape
for
a
swimmer.
答案：Comparing
3．It
is
____________(显而易见的)
that
she
is
very
clever
because
she
can
work
out
such
a
difficult
problem.
答案：obvious
4．Her
letter
was
so
____________(令人困惑的)
that
I
could
hardly
make
any
sense
of
it.
答案：confusing
5．The
customers
made
a
number
of
rude
____________(评论)
about
the
goods
on
sale.
答案：remarks
6．All
____________(种类)
of
goods
for
daily
use
are
available
in
the
shopping
mall.
答案：varieties
7．Chinese
____________(不同)
greatly
from
Japanese
in
pronunciation,
so
it
is
difficult
to
learn
this
language
well.
答案：differs
8．To
my
delight，the
students
worked
very
hard
and
were
making
progress
____________(不断地；持续地)．
答案：steadily
9．The
students
majoring
in
medicine
must
study
the
____________(结构)
of
the
human
body.
答案：structure
10．Early
____________(定居者)
from
Europe
settled
on
the
coast
of
the
Pacific
Ocean
and
built
some
houses.
答案：settlers
课文语法填空
British
English
1.____________(difference)
from
American
English
in
many
ways.
The
most
obvious
way
is
in
the
vocabulary.
Sometimes,
the
same
word
has
a
2.____________(slight)
different
meaning,
which
can
be
3.____________(confuse)．Besides,
there
are
some
differences
in
grammar，spelling
and
pronunciation
between
the
two
varieties,
4.____________
sometimes
makes
people
from
different
places
have
5.____________(difficult)
in
understanding
each
other.
Despite
the
differences,
they
still
have
much
6.____________
common,
and
communications
across
the
Atlantic
7.____________(develop)
steadily,
which
has
led
to
them
8.____________(move)
closer.
Though
there
seem
to
be
many
“Englishes”
and
people
speak
English
with
different
9.____________(accent),
users
of
English
will
all
be
able
to
understand
each
other,
10.____________
they
are.
答案：1.differs 2.slightly 3.confusing 4.which
5．difficulty 6.in 7.have
developed 8.moving
9．accents 10.wherever
INCLUDEPICTURE"课时作业.TIF"
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\
MERGEFORMAT
单句语法填空
1．The
____________(confuse)
directions
on
the
bottle
made
me
not
take
the
medicine.
答案：confusing
2．____________
the
two
boys,
we
found
that
Tom
is
more
careful.
But
____________
with
Tom’s
brother,
Tom
is
less
careful.(compare)
答案：Comparing；compared
3．(2016·浙江卷6月)In
many
ways,
the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
____________
that
in
the
UK.
答案：from
4．The
rain
made
it
more
difficult
for
us
____________(finish)
the
work
on
time.
答案：to
finish
5．We
should
put
aside
our
differences
and
discuss
the
things
we
have
____________
common.
答案：in
6．It
doesn’t
make
much
of
____________difference
whether
you
go
to
Beijing
by
plane
or
by
train,
because
both
are
very
convenient.
答案：a
7．My
brother
likes
playing
football
after
school
____________
I
like
playing
volleyball.
答案：while
8．As
far
as
I
know,
it
was
the
car
accident
due
to
drunk
driving
that
led
to
his
______________(kill)．
答案：being
killed
9．I
saw
them
whisper
to
each
other;
____________(obvious),
they
didn’t
want
to
be
heard
by
others.
答案：obviously
10．You
can
imagine
what
great
difficulty
I
had
____________(express)
these
ideas
in
simple
English.
答案：expressing
阅读理解
A
In
Asia,
there
are
many
places
for
people
to
go
to
teach
English.Most
of
the
teachers
are
young
and
sociable,
and
there
are
a
lot
of
parties
there.Korea
is
usually
the
place
where
most
people
go,
because
they
have
the
most
benefits
and
highest
salaries
by
working
only
twenty
hours
a
week.Japan
is
also
a
good
choice,
but
only
if
you
stay
there
for
a
long
time
will
you
save
some
money.
China
is
a
new
rising
star
and
lots
of
people
are
going
there.Like
Japan，the
pay
is
quite
good，but
the
cost
of
living
in
China
is
much
cheaper.You
can
save
a
sizable
amount
and
complete
all
your
loans
back
home.Besides，Chinese
people
are
enterprising(有进取心的)
and
you
can
learn
a
lot
from
them.
The
Middle
East
offers
very
high
salaries
and
great
packages
for
teachers,
all
of
which
is
tax
free.However,
you
must
be
a
certified
teacher
and
have
a
few
years’
experience
if
you
want
to
teach
there.Most
of
the
people
who
tend
to
teach
there
are
older
and
more
conservative,__so
they
don’t
expect
a
party
scene.
Italy
and
Spain
are
two
beautiful
countries
where
you
can
try
your
fortune.Fashion
industry
in
Milan
would
love
to
hire
well known
English speaking
people
to
work
with
international
models
and
designers.Tourism
is
another
industry
in
these
countries，where
English
knowledge
is
useful.Moreover,
by
teaching
in
Europe
you
have
the
ability
to
travel
every
weekend
to
a
new
country
and
visit
a
new
culture
besides
a
good
salary.Europe
has
a
lot
to
offer.
Teaching
English
overseas
is
a
really
rewarding
experience.It
is
a
great
way
for
people
to
see
a
new
place，and
these
countries
and
places
are
great
places
for
you
to
go
if
you
are
interested.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了一些适合做英语外教的国家或地区。
1．Why
does
saving
money
in
Japan
take
more
time
A．It
offers
a
lower
salary.
B．Its
cost
of
living
is
higher.
C．It
offers
fewer
English
classes.
D．You
have
to
pay
a
lot
of
tax.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Like
Japan,
the
pay
is
quite
good,
but
the
cost
of
living
in
China
is
much
cheaper.”可推知在日本教英语需要较长的时间才能积攒到钱的原因是那里的生活成本太高。
2．What
does
the
underlined
word
“conservative”
(in
Para.3)
probably
mean
A．Knowledgeable.
B．Unfriendly.
C．Unsociable.
D．Boring.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“...so
they
don’t
expect
a
party
scene.”这一因果关系可知年纪大的人不太爱交际，所以不愿意参加一些社交活动。故C项符合题意。
3．The
common
thing
among
the
countries
and
areas
mentioned
is
that
________．
A．they
all
offer
a
good
salary
B．English
teachers
only
work
20
hours
a
week
C．teaching
experience
is
not
quite
necessary
D．they
offer
chances
to
meet
with
famous
models
A 解析：推理判断题。文章介绍到的每一个国家或地区都提到给予很高的报酬，因此答案为A；选项B中涉及的是韩国；选项C的错误在于中东地区对老师的学位和教学经验有要求；选项D的错误在于只有在提到米兰时才说到有机会与著名模特或服装设计师共事。
4．What
is
the
purpose
of
the
passage
A．To
explain
the
benefits
of
teaching
English
abroad.
B．To
teach
how
to
enjoy
yourself
when
you
teach
English
abroad.
C．To
compare
the
places
where
English
teaching
is
popular.
D．To
recommend
some
places
to
those
who
want
to
teach
English
abroad.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据文章第一句话“In
Asia,
there
are
many
places
for
people
to
go
to
teach
English.”以及每一段中提到的适合教英语的国家或地区可知答案为D。
B
(2019·福建泉港一中高二期中)One
spring,
when
I
was
10,
during
one
of
my
father’s
layoffs(失业),
I
could
tell
my
mother
was
unhappy.I
decided
to
cheer
her
up
by
buying
her
a
special
Mother’s
Day
gift.
One
day
after
school
I
rode
my
bike
to
the
Agins，which,
I
learned
years
later，was
known
for
its
high end
fashions
and
styles.I
introduced
myself
to
Sylvia
Agins，telling
her
I
was
looking
for
a
Mother’s
Day
present.
“Do
you
think
she’d
like
a
purse？”she
asked.“I
thought
she
might，”
I
told
her.
She
took
out
an
Italian
handbag
made
of
leather.She
asked
me
what
I
thought,
and
I
told
her
that
my
mom
would
like
it.
“How
much
money
do
you
have？”
she
asked.
“Twelve
dollars，”
I
said.
“You’re
in
luck，”
she
told
me.“It’s
only
$11.You
have
a
dollar
left
over
for
the
card.”
She
gift wrapped
the
purse
and
thanked
me
for
my
business,
and
I
rode
off
home
with
the
package
under
my
arm.
When
my
mother
opened
the
gift
the
next
Sunday
morning,
she
asked
in
an
accusing
tone，“Where
did
you
get
this？”
“I
bought
it
at
the
Agins.It
cost
me
$11，”
I
said.
My
mother
was
shocked
into
silence.
It
wasn’t
until
many
years
later，when
I
learned
that
the
purse
was
worth
several
hundred
dollars，that
I
appreciated
just
how
wonderful
Sylvia
Agins
had
been
to
me.I
always
felt
bad
that
I
never
had
a
chance
to
properly
thank
her.
“You
know，my
son，what
really
amazes
me
to
this
day，”
my
mother
said.“Letting
you
have
the
purse
for
just
a
few
dollars
was
unbelievable
enough.But
the
fact
that
she
let
you
leave
the
store
with
a
dollar
for
the
card
was
a
touch
of
kindness
that
I’ll
never
forget.”
【解题导语】 因为想逗因父亲失业而心情低落的母亲开心，作者决定送母亲一个特别的母亲节礼物。了解情况后的店主Sylvia
Agins将价值几百美元的钱包以11美元的价格出售给了作者，并给他余一美元来给母亲买卡片。这一暖心举动让作者和他的母亲感动不已。
5．The
author
bought
his
mother
a
purse
to
________．
A．make
his
mother
happy
B．surprise
his
mother
C．show
his
ability
of
making
money
D．thank
his
mother
for
buying
him
a
bike
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...my
mother
was
unhappy.I
decided
to
cheer
her
up
by
buying
her
a
special
Mother’s
Day
gift.”可知，作者想送给妈妈一个特别的母亲节礼物让她开心，故选A。
6．Why
was
the
author’s
mother
shocked
into
silence
A．She
wasn’t
expecting
a
gift
from
her
son.
B．The
purse
was
bought
from
the
Agins.
C．The
author
bought
a
card
to
go
with
the
purse.
D．The
Agins
charged
so
little
money
for
the
purse.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据“‘I
bought
it
at
the
Agins.It
cost
me
$11，’I
said.My
mother
was
shocked
into
silence.”可知，妈妈被钱包如此低的价格吓到了，故选D。
7．Sylvia
Agins’
behavior
shows
that
________．
A．she
is
good
at
making
money
B．she
is
kind
and
thoughtful
C．she
knows
how
to
choose
presents
D．she
is
critical
and
mean
B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“when
I
learned
that
the
purse
was
worth
several
hundred
dollars，that
I
appreciated
just
how
wonderful
Sylvia
Agins
had
been
to
me”及最后一段最后一句可知，Sylvia
Agins把价值几百美元的钱包便宜卖给了作者，而且还给作者留下买卡片的钱，说明她很善良，很体贴，故选B。
8．Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage
A．An
Unforgettable
Event
B．A
Priceless
Mother’s
Day
Gift
C．A
Considerate
Mother
D．A
Kind hearted
Shop
Owner
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“I
decided
to
cheer
her
up
by
buying
her
a
special
Mother’s
Day
gift.”和倒数第二段中的“when
I
learned
that
the
purse
was
worth
several
hundred
dollars,
that
I
appreciated
just
how
wonderful
Sylvia
Agins
had
been
to
me”及最后一段可知，文章主要讲的是作者想给妈妈买母亲节礼物，店主Sylvia
Agins以特价便宜卖给作者一个钱包，这个钱包包含着她的善意，因此是无价的，故选B。
七选五
If
you
learn
a
new
language,
you
will
expand
your
horizon(视野)
and
improve
your
intellect
at
the
same
time.
Whether
you
want
to
pick
up
a
new
hobby,
communicate
better
with
a
new
friend
or
challenge
your
intellect,
mastering
a
new
language
will
most
definitely
be
an
advantage
to
you.
1．________
Be
open minded
and
flexible
to
understand
a
culture
that
is
different
from
your
own.
Break
the
language
barriers.
Though
we
may
have
different
native
tongues,
we
are
all
the
same
by
nature.
Language
is
all
connected.
Many
careers
consider
it
an
advantage
if
you
are
fluent
in
a
second
language.
2.________
In
a
global
market,
you’ll
be
very
useful
for
your
company
or
organization
if
you
are
multilingual.
3．________
Learning
a
new
language
is
a
good
way
to
improve
brain
function.
Learning
a
foreign
language
has
been
shown
to
improve
critical
thinking
skills,
creativity
and
flexibility
of
the
mind.
As
a
result,
students
who
learn
a
new
language
have
been
shown
to
do
better
in
other
subjects.
4．________
Aside
from
hotels
and
typical
tourist
sites,
it
is
good
to
speak
at
least
some
of
the
local
language.
You
get
more
out
of
your
trip
and
you
will
be
able
to
benefit
from
the
entire
cultural
experience.
You
gain
much
more
in
picking
up
another
language.
So
register
for
a
language
class
or
study
in
your
spare
time.5.________
A．Your
language
skills
will
prove
quite
valuable.
B．Learning
a
foreign
language
does
have
a
lot
of
benefits.
C．Don’t
make
the
classic
mistakes
when
learning
a
new
language.
D．Travel
lovers
are
encouraged
to
study
a
language
while
touring
abroad.
E．Learning
a
foreign
language
isn’t
difficult.
F．In
learning
a
foreign
language
we
are
also
learning
to
appreciate
cultural
diversity.
G．Your
study
of
language
can
also
increase
your
creativity
and
improve
your
intelligence.
【解题导语】 文章主要介绍了学习外语的好处和途径。
1．F 解析：根据下句Be
open minded
and
flexible
to
understand
a
culture
that
is
different
from
your
own.可知本句涉及文化，故上句一定和文化有关，F选项中appreciate
cultural
diversity与下文相符，故选F项。
2．A 解析：根据consider
it
an
advantage及you’ll
be
very
useful
for
your
company
or
organization
if
you
are
multilingual可知外语很有用，很有价值。
3．G 解析：根据下文Learning
a
new
language
is
a
good
way
to
improve
brain
function.
Learning
a
foreign
language
has
been
shown
to
improve
critical
thinking
skills,
creativity
and
flexibility
of
the
mind.可知学习外语也能提高你的智力和创造力，故选G。
4．D 解析：根据下文Aside
from
hotels
and
typical
tourist
sites,
it
is
good
to
speak
at
least
some
of
the
local
language.可知此处鼓励旅游爱好者学外语。
5．B 解析：根据上文You
gain
much
more
in
picking
up
another
language.可知学习外语确实有很多益处。阅读理解
A
The
world
is
changing
so
fast
that
English,
perhaps
the
most
worldly
of
languages,
is
struggling
to
keep
up.
Learners
in
the
future
are
likely
to
be
much
younger.Young
children
are
often
said
to
be
better
at
language
learning
than
older
learners
but
they
also
have
special
challenges.Young
children
don’t
usually
have
the
kind
of
instrumental
motivation
and
determination
for
learning
English
that
older
learners
often
have.English
lessons
must
therefore
be
fun
and
rewarding.
The
reasons
why
people
learn
English
are
also
changing.Globalization
is
bringing
together
more
people
than
ever
who
speak
different
languages
and
who
are
turning
to
English
as
the
means
of
communication.The
English
learners
of
the
future
may
be
less
worried
about
sounding
exactly
like
a
native
speaker
and
more
concerned
about
how
to
use
English
effectively
in
cross cultural
communication.We
may
be
hearing
more
non native
speakers
in
dialogues
and
a
wider
range
of
the“New
Englishes”
now
used
around
the
world.
Technology
will
allow
English
to
come
to
you,
rather
than
you
having
to
go
to
a
special
place
to
learn
English.
Learning
English
has
always
involved
both
pain
and
pleasure，private
effort
and
social
activity.Traditional
learning
provided
take it
or
leave it
mixes
of
these
as
well
as
of
content
but
in
future
learners
will
be
able
to
choose
a
plan
which
suits
their
cultural
and
psychological
dispositions(性情)
or
their
particular
needs
at
that
moment.They,
rather
than
their
teachers,
will
decide
how,
what
and
when
they
will
learn.
Above
all,
learning
English
is
about
communication
and
an
important
benefit
of
learning
English
is
being
able
to
exchange
views
and
make
friends
with
people
all
over
the
world.Despite
the
growing
independence
of
learners,
trusted
institutions
and
brand
names
will
remain
important.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了未来英语学习的特点。
1．Compared
to
older
learners,
young
English
learners
________．
A．are
more
active
in
learning
B．are
more
hard
working
in
learning
C．have
more
difficulties
in
learning
D．have
less
lasting
determination
in
learning
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句可知，年轻人在英语学习方面的动力和决心不如年龄大的英语学习者强，故D项正确。
2．What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage
A．Future
English
lessons
will
be
more
interesting.
B．Old
people
won’t
have
to
learn
English
in
the
future.
C．People
will
pay
more
attention
to
English
pronunciation.
D．Teachers
will
play
a
more
important
role
in
one’s
English
learning.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段末句可以推断未来的英语课程将会更加有趣。
3．What
can
we
learn
about
the
future
English
language
A．British
English
will
be
more
popular.
B．American
English
will
be
more
popular.
C．Most
people
will
speak
standard
English.
D．Many
different
kinds
of
Englishes
will
appear.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第三段末句可知，未来将会出现更多种类的英语。
4．What
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage
A．Learning
English
means
no
pain
in
the
future.
B．English
training
schools
will
not
be
popular
with
young
people
in
the
future.
C．English
learners
will
become
less
independent
in
the
future.
D．More
attention
will
be
paid
to
personal
needs
in
English
learning
in
the
future.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“...in
future
learners
will
be
able
to
choose
a
plan
which
suits
their
cultural
and
psychological
dispositions(性情)
or
their
particular
needs...”可判断，在未来将会更加注重个人的特殊需求，英语学习将会更加个性化。
B
(2019·山西运城康杰中学高二月考)When
her
five
daughters
were
young，Helene
An
always
told
them
that
there
was
strength
in
unity(团结)．To
show
this,
she
held
up
one
chopstick,
representing
one
person.Then
she
easily
broke
it
into
two
pieces.Next,
she
tied
several
chopsticks
together,
representing
a
family.She
showed
the
girls
it
was
hard
to
break
the
tied
chopsticks.This
lesson
about
family
unity
stayed
with
the
daughters
as
they
grew
up.
Helene
An
and
her
family
own
a
large
restaurant
business
in
California.However，when
Helene
and
her
husband
Danny
left
their
home
in
Vietnam
in
1975，they
didn’t
have
much
money.They
moved
their
family
to
San
Francisco.There
they
joined
Danny’s
mother，Diana，who
owned
a
small
Italian
sandwich
shop.Soon
afterwards，Helene
and
Diana
changed
the
sandwich
shop
into
a
small
Vietnamese
restaurant.The
five
daughters
helped
in
the
restaurant
when
they
were
young.However,
Helene
did
not
want
her
daughters
to
always
work
in
the
family
business
because
she
thought
it
was
too
hard.
Eventually
the
girls
all
graduated
from
college
and
went
away
to
work
for
themselves，but
one
by
one，the
daughters
returned
to
work
in
the
family
business.They
opened
new
restaurants
in
San
Francisco
and
Los
Angeles.Even
though
family
members
sometimes
disagreed
with
each
other，they
worked
together
to
make
the
business
successful.Daughter
Elizabeth
explains，“Our
mother
taught
us
that
to
succeed
we
must
have
unity,
and
to
have
unity
we
must
have
peace.Without
the
strength
of
the
family,
there
is
no
business.”
Their
expanding
business
became
a
large
corporation
in
1996,
with
three
generations
of
Ans
working
together.Now
the
Ans’
corporation
makes
more
than
$20
million
each
year.Although
they
began
with
a
small
restaurant,
they
had
big
dreams,
and
they
worked
together.Now
they
are
a
big
success.
【解题导语】 海伦·安的五个女儿从小受到妈妈的教育，要懂得团结的重要性。后来她们长大后合力把企业做强做大，彰显了团结协作的巨大威力。
5．Helene
tied
several
chopsticks
together
to
show
________．
A．the
strength
of
family
unity
B．the
difficulty
of
growing
up
C．the
advantage
of
chopsticks
D．the
best
way
of
giving
a
lesson
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知答案。
6．We
can
learn
from
Paragraph
2
that
the
An
family
________．
A．started
a
business
in
1975
B．left
Vietnam
without
much
money
C．bought
a
restaurant
in
San
Francisco
D．opened
a
sandwich
shop
in
Los
Angeles
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，安一家在1975年离开越南时并没有很多钱。故选B。
7．What
can
we
infer
about
the
An’s
daughters
A．They
did
not
finish
their
college
education.
B．They
could
not
bear
working
in
the
family
business.
C．They
were
influenced
by
what
Helene
taught
them.
D．They
were
troubled
by
disagreement
among
family
members.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Our
mother
taught
us
that
to
succeed
we
must
have
unity,
and
to
have
unity
we
must
have
peace.Without
the
strength
of
the
family,
there
is
no
business.”可知安的女儿们深受妈妈教育的影响。故选C。
8．Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage
A．How
to
Run
a
Corporation
B．Strength
Comes
from
Peace
C．How
to
Achieve
a
Big
Dream
D．Family
Unity
Builds
Success
D 解析：标题归纳题。本文在第一段就说明了安教育女儿们团结协作的重要性，后来孩子们长大了通力合作把企业做大。所以本文说明了家庭团结促成事业成功。故选D。
完形填空
When
we
think
of
green
buildings，we
tend
to
think
of
new
ones－the
kind
of
modern，solar paneled
masterpieces
that
make
the
covers
of
architecture
magazines.
But
the
US
has
more
than
100
million
existing
homes，and
it
would
be
incredibly
__1__
to
tear
them
all
down
and
__2__
them
with
greener
versions.
An
enormous
amount
of
energy
and
resources
went
into
the
construction
of
those
houses.And
it
would
take
an
average
of
65
years
for
the
__3__
carbon
emissions(排放)
from
a(n)
__4__
energy efficient(节能)
home
to
make
up
for
the
__5__
lost
by
destroying
an
old
one.
So
in
the
broadest
sense，the
greenest
home
is
the
one
that
has
already
been
built.But
at
the
same
time，__6__
half
of
US
carbon
emissions
come
from
heating，cooling
and
powering
our
__7__，offices
and
other
buildings.“You
can’t
deal
with
climate
__8__
without
dealing
with
existing
buildings，”says
Richard
Moe，the
president
of
the
National
Trust.
With
some
exceptions，the
oldest
homes
tend
to
be
the
__9__
energy efficient.Houses
built
before
1939
use
about
50%
more
energy
per
square
foot
than
those
built
after
2000，mainly
due
to
the
tiny
cracks
and
gaps
that
__10__
over
time
and
let
in
more
outside
__11__．
__12__，there
are
a
vast
number
of
relatively
simple
changes
that
can
green
older
homes，from
__13__
ones
like
Lincoln’s
Cottage
to
your
own
postwar
home.And
efficiency
upgrades(升级)
can
save
more
than
just
the
earth；they
can
help
__14__
property
owners
from
rising
power
__15__．
【解题导语】 当想到绿色环保建筑时，我们往往会想到现代太阳能嵌板方面的杰作，它们能够作为建筑杂志的封面。为了节能环保，美国准备拆除大量的旧房，对历史性建筑进行节能升级改造，以进一步减少碳的排放量及能源的消耗。
1．A.terrible
B．wasteful
C．wonderful
D．useful
B 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。把1亿多套住宅全部拆毁是极其浪费的。在四个选项中，B选项“wasteful”表示“浪费的”，符合语境。故答案选B。
2．A.put
B．build
C．replace
D．take
C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。拆除大量的住宅后，取而代之的是更加绿色环保的住宅。C选项“replace”表示“取代，代替”，符合句意。故答案选C。
3．A.reduced
B．increased
C．used
D．destroyed
A 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。语境表示新型节能住宅减少的碳排放量。依据语境可知，A选项“reduced”表示“减少的”，符合文意。其他选项与语境明显不符，可排除。故答案选A。
4．A.old
B．fashionable
C．new
D．beautiful
C 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。此处表示的是新型节能住宅。由此可知，C选项符合语境。故答案选C。
5．A.magazines
B．trees
C．materials
D．resources
D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。此处指的是弥补毁掉旧住宅所损失的资源。D选项“resource”表示“资源”，与语境相符。故答案选D。
6．A.nearly
B．hardly
C．rarely
D．mostly
A 解析：考查副词词义辨析。在美国的碳排放量中，几乎有一半来自为住宅、办公室和其他建筑物供暖、制冷和供电等。A表示“几乎，差不多”；B表示“几乎不”；C表示“很少，罕有”；D表示“大多数地，大部分地”。根据语境结合选项的词义可知，A选项与句意相符。故答案选A。
7．A.libraries
B．schools
C．homes
D．stores
C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，此处表示的是为住宅、办公室和其他建筑物供电。依据语境结合选项的词义可知，C选项符合句意。故答案选C。
8．A.improvement
B．appearance
C．stability
D．change
D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。解决不好现存的房屋问题，就解决不好气候变化问题。A表示“改进，改善，增进”；B表示“出现，露面”；C表示“稳定，稳定性，安定”；D表示“变化”。根据题干，D选项符合语境。故答案选D。
9．A.most
B．really
C．very
D．least
D 解析：考查副词词义辨析。最旧的住宅往往最不节能。D选项作为副词，与形容词原级或副词原级连用，相当于该形容词或副词最高级的反义词，表示“最不……”。故答案选D。
10．A.expand
B．narrow
C．strengthen
D．weaken
A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。小的裂痕和裂口久而久之会不断扩大。A表示“扩大，膨胀，
发展”；B表示“使变窄，限制，缩小”；C表示“加强，增强；巩固”；D表示“削弱，减弱”。由此可知，A选项与文意相符。故答案选A。
11．A.dust
B．air
C．smoke
D．water
B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。裂痕和裂口扩大后，就会让室外更多的空气进入室内。在四个选项中，B选项符合文意。故答案选B。
12．A.Oppositely
B．Unfortunately
C．Fortunately
D．Frankly
C 解析：考查副词词义辨析。幸运的是，有许多相对简单的变化来使更老的房子绿色节能。因此，C选项与语境相符。故答案选C。
13．A.historic
B．worthless
C．ordinary
D．meaningless
A 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A表示“历史上著名的，有历史性的”；B表示“无价值的，无用的，不重要的”；C表示“普通的，平凡的”；D表示“无意义的，无目的的。”空后提到“like
Lincoln’s
Cottage”，由此结合语境及选项的词义可知，A选项符合文意。故答案选A。
14．A.charge
B．protect
C．punish
D．warn
B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。节能升级之后，能够帮助房产主人节省能源成本。“protect...from...”为常用短语，表示“使……免受……”。由此可知，B选项与题意相符。故答案选B。
15．A.prices
B．costs
C．businesses
D．bargains
B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。A表示“价格，价钱”；B表示“费用，成本”；C表示“生意，交易，商业”；D表示“买卖，交易，便宜货。”结合上一题的语境可知，B选项符合文意。故答案选B。(共63张PPT)
Module
1 British
and
American
English
Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
&
Cultural
Corner
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
自学导引语篇理解
自主探究·巩固新知◆
》教材助读·解解清啤
读懂课文·破解难疑◆
》要点透析讲练巨动
名师解疑·精讲精练
点击链接
知能演练,轻松闯关
同步测控·夯实基础◆Section
Ⅳ Grammar
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复习动词形式(1)
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1．(教材P2)British
and
American
English
____________(be)
different
in
many
ways.
The
first
and
most
obvious
way
____________(be)
in
the
vocabulary.
答案：are；is
2．(教材P2)Many
factors
____________(influence)
American
pronunciation
since
the
first
settlers
arrived
four
hundred
years
ago.
答案：have
influenced
3．(教材P3)Some
experts
believe
that
the
two
varieties
____________(move)
closer
together.
答案：are
moving
4．(教材P3)Since
the
1980s,
with
satellite
TV
and
the
Internet,
it
____________(be)
possible
to
listen
to
British
and
American
English
at
the
flick
of
a
switch.
答案：has
been
5．(教材P3)This
non stop
communication,
the
experts
think,
____________(make)
it
easier
for
British
people
and
Americans
to
understand
each
other.
But
it
has
also
led
to
lots
of
American
words
and
structures
passing
into
British
English，so
that
some
people
now
believe
that
British
English
____________(disappear)．
答案：has
made；will
disappear
6．(教材P3)This
international
dimension
suggests
that
in
the
future,
there
are
going
____________(be)
many“Englishes”，
not
just
two
main
varieties.
But
the
message
is
“Don’t
worry.”
答案：to
be
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一般现在时
1．表示现在的状态以及经常性或习惯性的动作。常与always,
every
time,
now
and
then,
occasionally,
often,
seldom,
sometimes,
usually等时间状语连用。
◆(陕西卷)On
Monday
mornings
it
usually
takes
me
an
hour
to
drive
to
work
although
the
actual
distance
is
only
20
miles.
虽然实际距离只有20英里，但是周一早晨通常我要花一个小时的时间开车去上班。
2．表示客观事实或普遍真理。
◆As
we
know,
light
travels
faster
than
sound.
众所周知，光比声音传播得快。
3．在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来。
◆I
will
tell
her
when
she
comes
tomorrow.
她明天来的时候我会告诉她的。
◆If
it
snows
tomorrow,
we
shall
have
a
snowball
fight
happily.
如果明天下雪，我们就可以愉快地打雪仗了。
4．表示按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，只限于表示起止的动词如go，come，arrive，leave，start，fly，return等。
◆The
plane
leaves
at
eight
and
arrives
in
Beijing
at
eleven.
飞机8点起飞，11点到北京。
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现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与now,
right
now,
at
present,
at
the
moment
等时间状语及look，listen
等标志词连用。
◆(北京卷)—Hi,
let’s
go
skating.
——嗨，咱们去滑冰吧。
—Sorry,
I’m
busy
right
now.
I
am
filling
in
an
application
form
for
a
new
job.
——对不起，我现在忙着呢。我正在填一份新工作申请表。
2．表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定在进行的动作。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如these
days，this
week
等。
◆(江苏卷)—I
hear
you
are
working
in
a
pub.
What’s
it
like
——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？
—Well,
it’s
very
hard
work
and
I’m
always
tired,
but
I
don’t
mind.
——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。
3．表示说话人对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶等，常与always，constantly，continually等副词连用。
◆Tom
is
always
asking
the
same
question.
汤姆老是问同一个问题。
◆He
is
always
thinking
of
others
instead
of
himself.
他总是想着别人而不是他自己。
4．表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常限于go，come，leave，start，arrive，take，meet等表示趋向的动词。
◆He
is
leaving
for
Beijing
to
attend
an
important
meeting
tomorrow.
明天他要去北京参加一个重要会议。
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现在完成时
1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，着眼于现在。常与already,
just(刚刚),
yet,
never,
before,
lately,
recently,
in
the
last
(past)
few
years,
up
to
now,
till
now,
so
far等连用。
◆(北京卷)In
the
last
few
years,
China
has
made
great
achievements
in
environmental
protection.
在过去的几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了很大成就。
2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态，常与for＋一段时间，
since＋时间点等表示一段时间的状语连用。
◆He
has
worked
here
for
over
twenty
years.
他在这里工作已有20多年了。
◆He
has
lived
in
London
since
2017.
自从2017年以来他就住在伦敦。
3．在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可代替将来。
◆I’ll
go
to
the
party
as
soon
as
I
have
finished
my
homework.
我一完成作业就去参加聚会。
4．在“This/It
is
the
first/second...time＋that从句”句式中，that从句一般用现在完成时。
◆This
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
visited
the
Great
Wall.
这是我第一次参观长城。
5．在“This/It
is
the＋序数词/形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”结构中，that从句中用现在完成时。
◆This
is
the
most
interesting
film
that
he
has
watched.
这是他看过的最有趣的电影。
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一般将来时
一般将来时由“shall/will＋动词原形”构成，表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow，next
week,
in
the
future,
in
a
few
days
等时间状语连用。will＋动词原形还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
◆(湖南卷)As
you
go
through
this
book,
you
will
find
that
each
of
the
millions
of
people
who
lived
through
World
WarⅡhad
a
different
experience.
当你浏览这本书时，你将会发现经历过第二次世界大战的数百万人中的每一个都有着不同的经历。
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将来时的其他表达法：
(1)be
going
to表示按计划、打算要做某事，此外，还可以表示根据某些迹象判断将要发生的事情。
◆I’m
going
to
meet
Mr
Smith
at
the
airport
at
8：30
tonight.
今晚八点半我将在机场接史密斯先生。
◆Look
at
the
black
clouds!
It
is
going
to
rain.
瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。
(2)be
about
to
do表示即将发生的动作，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，多与when连用。
◆I
was
about
to
go
to
have
dinner
when
he
called
me
up.
我正要去吃饭，这时他给我打电话了。
(3)be
to
do表示按照约定、职责、义务或要求等即将发生的动作。
◆We
are
to
meet
at
the
school
gate
at
six
in
the
morning.
我们定于早晨6点在学校门口碰头。
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单句语法填空
1．(2019·广东惠州高二期中)Bike sharing
is
a
greener
method
of
transportation
and
____________(provide)
a
more
friendly
experience.
答案：provides
2．(2016·北京卷)I
____________(read)
half
of
the
English
novel,
and
I’ll
try
to
finish
it
at
the
weekend.
答案：have
read
3．(2016·北京卷)The
students
have
been
working
hard
on
their
lessons
and
their
efforts
____________(reward)
with
success
in
the
end.
答案：will
be
rewarded
4．If
Mr
Yang
____________(come)
back
from
Beijing
tomorrow,
I’ll
ask
him
to
call
you
back.
答案：comes
5．Avengers
4
is
the
best
film
I
____________(see)．It’s
worth
seeing
a
second
time.
答案：have
seen
6．Sorry,
Mum,
but
I
can’t
help
you
with
the
housework.
I
____________(do)
my
homework
now.
答案：am
doing
7．Look
at
the
timetable.
Hurry
up！Flight
4027
____________(take)
off
at
18：30.
答案：takes
8．This
is
the
first
time
I
____________(come)
to
Chengdu
and
I
am
truly
impressed
by
the
lifestyle
of
people
here.
答案：have
come
9．Jack,
as
well
as
his
brothers，____________(go)
to
the
gym
to
exercise
every
Friday
afternoon.
答案：goes
10．My
mother
____________(come)
to
visit
me
next
week
and
____________(stay)
here
until
May.
答案：is
coming；is
staying
语法与写作
1．他总是想着怎样才能为人们多做些事情。
He
________________________
how
he
could
do
more
for
the
people.
答案：is
always
thinking
of
2．听从医生的建议，你很快就会好的。
Follow
the
doctor’s
advice,
and________________________________．
答案：you
will
be
well
soon
3．我正要离开，这时老板进来了。
I______________________________________
the
boss
came
in.
答案：was
about
to
leave
when
4．请你告诉我你的航班什么时候抵达北京。
Please
tell
me
when
your
flight
____________________．
答案：arrives
in
Beijing
5．他总是犯同样的错误，这真的让我很担心。
He
__________________________________，
which
really
makes
me
very
worried.
答案：is
always
making
the
same
mistake(共49张PPT)
Module
1 British
and
American
English
Module
1 British
and
American
English
Module
1 British
and
American
English
Module
1 British
and
American
English
Module
1 British
and
American
English
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
Module
1
British
and
american
English
单
元(先
知
识
obvious;
confusing;
compare;
variety;
differ;
remark;
announcement;
必记单词
add;
present;
attemp;lol;
criticise;
standard;
reference
have.
in
common;
make
a
difference;
get
around;
be
similar
to;
重点短语1
ead
to;
in
favour
of;
refer
to1s
经典句型
have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth
单元语法复习动词形式()
话题写作介绍语言的说明文
教材背景链度
自学导引语篇理解
自主探究·巩固新知◆
》教材助读·解解清啤
读懂课文·破解难疑◆
点击链接
知能演练,轻松闯关
同步测控·夯实基础◆(共22张PPT)
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
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单句语法填空
1．(2019·聊城高二期中)Playing
football
not
only
makes
us
grow
up
tall
and
strong
but
also
____________(give)
us
a
sense
of
fair
play
and
team
spirit.
答案：gives
2．—I
was
very
angry
with
Kelvin
yesterday.
—I
know
your
feelings,
but
if
you
forgive
him,
you____________(be)
a
bigger
man.
答案：will
be
3．Hurry
up,
Peter!
The
taxi
____________(wait)
for
us
at
the
gate
of
the
hotel.
答案：is
waiting
4．At
a
young
age,
he
______________(move)
to
Spain
and
now
____________(play)
professionally
for
the
FC
Barcelona.
答案：moved；plays
5．—Hello,
I
____________(phone)
to
ask
if
I
can
book
two
tickets
for
tonight’s
film.
—Sorry,
we’ve
already
sold
out.
答案：am
phoning
6．As
long
as
it
____________(not
rain)
tomorrow，we’ll
have
a
trip
on
schedule.
答案：doesn’t
rain
7．The
telephone
____________(ring)
five
times
in
the
last
two
hours,
and
each
time
it
was
for
my
father.
答案：has
rung
8．—I
thought
I
had
reminded
you
to
take
out
the
rubbish.
—Oh,
I
forgot.
I____________(do)
it
right
now.
答案：will
do
9．It’s
the
most
instructive
lecture
that
I
____________(attend)
since
I
came
to
this
school.
答案：have
attended
10．(2019·安徽合肥重点中学期中)The
full
railway,
which
includes
72 kilometer
section
through
Beijing,
________________(complete)
in
four
and
a
half
years.
答案：will
be
completed
阅读理解
A
person’s
name
is
very
important.Some
names
also
have
special
meanings
in
popular
American
expressions.
An
average
Joe
was
walking
down
the
street
and
was
lost.An
average
Joe
is
a
common
person—either
male
or
female.He
did
not
know
Jack
about
where
he
was
going.By
this,
I
mean
he
did
not
know
anything
about
where
to
find
things
in
the
city.
So
average
Joe
asked
John
Q．Public,
also
a
common
person—male
or
female,
for
directions
to
the
nearest
bank.
“Jeez
Louise，”said
John
Q．Public.This
is
an
expression
of
surprise.“Jeez
Louise,
don’t
you
know
that
all
banks
are
closed
today？It
is
Saturday.”
“For
Pete’s
sake，I
do
not
believe
you，”said
average
Joe.This
is
also
an
expression
used
to
show
a
feeling
like
surprise
or
disappointment.He
was
being
a
doubting
Thomas,
someone
who
does
not
believe
anything
he
is
told.
At
that
moment，Joe
Blow，also
an
expression
for
a
common
man,
was
walking
down
the
street
with
a
woman.Now
this
Joe
Blow
was
not
walking
next
to
a
plain
Jane，meaning
a
woman
who
is
neither
ugly
nor
pretty.She
is
simply
plain.No,
the
woman
with
Joe
Blow
was
a
real
Sheila—a
beautiful
woman.
Average
Joe
asked
the
woman.“No
way，Joe，many
banks
are
open
on
Saturdays，”
she
answered.This
is
a
way
of
saying
“no”．
Average
Joe
did
not
know
either
of
these
two
people
from
Adam.That
is，he
did
not
know
them
at
all.But
he
followed
their
directions
to
the
nearest
bank.
When
he
arrived，he
walked
to
the
desk
of
the
chief
bank
employee.Now
this
man
was
a
true
Jack
of
all
trades.He
knew
how
to
do
everything.
“I
am
here
to
withdraw
some
money
so
I
can
pay
my
taxes
to
Uncle
Sam，”said
average
Joe.Uncle
Sam
represents
the
United
States
government.The
banker
produced
some
papers
and
told
average
Joe
to
sign
his
John
Hancock
at
the
bottom.A
John
Hancock
is
a
person’s
signed
name—a
signature.Historically,
John
Hancock
was
one
of
the
signers
of
the
United
States
Declaration
of
Independence.Hancock
had
a
beautiful
signature
and
signed
his
name
larger
than
all
the
others.
As
average
Joe
left
the
bank
he
began
to
sing.But
sadly,
average
Joe
was
not
a
good
singer.He
was
a
Johnny
One
Note.He
could
only
sing
one
note.
【解题导语】 文章介绍了美式英语中一些名字的特殊含义。
1．According
to
the
passage，we
can
infer
that
________
probably
show
great
interest
in
the
content.
A．bankers
B．historians
C．linguists
D．guides
C 解析：推理判断题。本文的主旨是介绍美式英语中一些与名字有关的短语的含义，此现象属于语言现象，由此可推知，语言学家可能对此文感兴趣。
2．Which
of
the
expressions
mentioned
in
the
passage
have
the
same
meaning
A．An
average
Joe
&
John
Q．Public.
B．Joe
Blow
&
John
Hancock.
C．A
plain
Jane
&
a
real
Sheila.
D．An
average
Joe
&
a
true
Jack
of
all
trades.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“An
average
Joe
is
a
common
person—either
male
or
female.”以及第三段“So
average
Joe
asked
John
Q.
Public，also
a
common
person—male
or
female，for
directions
to
the
nearest
bank.”可知，A项正确。
3．Which
of
the
following
can
stand
for
the
government
of
the
USA
A．John
Q．Public.
B．Joe
Blow.
C．Uncle
Sam.
D．John
Hancock.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Uncle
Sam
represents
the
United
States
government.”可知选C。
4．The
passage
is
developed
mainly
by
________．
A．raising
questions
and
answering
B．raising
up
a
story
and
giving
examples
C．comparing
one
thing
with
another
D．analyzing
and
solving
problems
B 解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容可判断，作者通过编排一系列情景介绍了一些相关的短语。
语法填空
A
new
international
study
1.____________(show)
that
six
people
die
every
minute
from
smoking.
If
the
present
situation
continues,
2.____________
number
of
deaths
each
year
from
smoking
could
rise
to
10
million
by
the
year
2020.
The
study
describes
smoking
3.____________
the
biggest
cause
to
deadly
diseases
among
grown ups
in
industrial
countries.
So
far
most
of
the
smoking
victims
have
happened
on
men,
especially
in
the
4.____________
(develop)
countries.
For
example,
70%
of
Chinese
men
smoke
more
than
15
cigarettes
each
day.
In
Latin
America
about
50%
of
the
men
are
smokers.
There
are
also
a
very
large
number
of
smokers
in
East
Europe.
And
25%
of
all
smoking
5.____________
(die)
world wide
are
in
those
areas
of
the
world.
Scientists
say
smoking
will
kill
50%
of
the
smokers.
Smoking
6.____________(know)
to
cause
lung
cancer.
It
can
also
lead
to
cancer
of
the
mouth
and
other
parts
of
bodies.
Smokers
are
more
likely
than
nonsmokers
7.____________(suffer)
from
heart
disease.
Experts
say
that
people
will
reduce
8.____________
(they)
chance
of
dying
from
smoking
if
they
stop
smoking
9.____________
(complete).
They
say
smokers
10.____________
give
up
smoking
can
improve
their
health.
【解题导语】 本文阐述了对吸烟问题进行研究而得出的新的国际研究结果。
1．shows 解析：考查动词时态。句意：一项新的国际研究显示每分钟有六个人死于吸烟。本文是一篇说明文，整篇都是一般现在时。
2．the 解析：考查冠词。the
number
of...“……的数目”。
3．as 解析：考查介词。describe...as...“把……描写成……”。
4．developing 解析：考查形容词。句意：迄今为止，大多数的吸烟受害者是男性，尤其在发展中国家。根据后文Chinese
men，Latin
America和East
Europe可知，这里应该指的是“发展中的”国家。
5．deaths 解析：考查名词。句意：全世界的吸烟死亡人数中有25%在世界上的这些区域。根据句中的are可知应用名词复数形式。
6．is
known 解析：考查被动语态。句意：人们知道抽烟可以致肺癌。主语Smoking和动词know为被动关系，故应用被动语态。
7．to
suffer 解析：考查不定式。句意：吸烟的人比不吸烟的人更有可能得心脏病。be
likely
to
do
sth.有可能做某事。
8．their 解析：考查代词。句意：专家们说如果人们完全戒烟，他们就会减少他们死于吸烟的机会。
9．completely 解析：考查副词。副词completely修饰动词stop。
10．who/that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们说戒烟的人会改善身体健康。who/that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
应用文写作
英语已经成为一门国际化的语言，但很多同学都反映，提高听力是他们的一大难题。假如你的听力很好，请根据你的经验写一篇短文，给同学们提一些建议。内容包括：
1．尽可能多听，听得越多，学英语就越容易；
2．要养成听的习惯，但每次时间不必太久，每天半小时左右即可；
3．选择有趣并且不太难的材料听，如中国国际广播电台或BBC英语节目；
4．选择发音清晰、语速不太快的磁带，逐渐提高难度。
词数：80左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One
possible
version：
With
the
development
of
the
world,
English
has
become
an
international
language
used
among
people
from
different
countries.
But
how
to
improve
our
listening
skill
is
a
big
problem
to
us
Chinese
students.
Here
is
some
advice
which
I
hope
may
be
useful
for
you.
First,
listen
as
much
as
you
can.
The
more
you
listen,
the
easier
it
will
be.
But
don’t
listen
too
long
each
time.
Half
an
hour
a
day
is
enough.
Choose
something
easy
and
interesting
as
listening
material.
You
can
get
some
tapes
in
which
English
is
spoken
clearly
and
not
too
fast.
Then
you
can
move
on
to
some
more
difficult
tapes
in
normal
speed.
Finally,
turn
to
China
Radio
International
and
BBC
English
programmes.
They
will
help
you
a
lot
to
improve
your
listening.
Just
keep
on
listening
and
you
will
find
your
way
out.
读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Ann
loves
dogs,
but
she
doesn’t
have
time
to
keep
even
one.
Her
husband
died
from
an
accident,
leaving
little
money
but
two
sons.
Thomas
was
10
years
old,
and
Jack,__who
was
recovering
from
a
heart__operation,__was
16
years
old.
She
had
to
work
all
day
to
support
the
whole
family.
One
morning,
Ann
found
a
lost
dog
wandering
around
the
local
elementary
school.
She
waited
there
for
half
an
hour
but
nobody
came
back
to
look
for
it.
She
had
no
choice
but
to
take
it
home
and
asked
her
sons
to
keep
an
eye
on
the
dog
on
the
day
while
she
was
working.
Ann
took
photos
of
the
dog
and
printed
off
400
FOUND
fliers(传单)
as
soon
as
she
came
back
from
work.
After
a
quick
supper,
Ann,
with
Thomas
and
Jack
went
out
and
put
them
in
mailboxes.
The
next
day,
Ann
went
to
the
dollar
store
and
bought
some
pet
supplies,
asking
the
boys
to
look__after
it
for
another
day,
and
she
hoped
it
would
be
the
last
day.
She
didn’t
forget
to
warn
her
two
sons
not
to
fall
in
love
with
the
dog,
for
they
had
no
money
or
time.
Four
days
later
no
one
called
to
claim(认领)
it,
so
Ann’s
family
was
still
looking
after
the
dog,
whom
they
had
started
to
call
Riley.
When
she
arrived
home
from
work,
the
dog
threw
itself
against
the
screen
door
and
barked
madly
at
her.
As
soon
as
she
opened
the
door,
Riley
dashed
into
the
boys’
room
where
Ann
found
Jack
suffering
from
a
heart
attack.
Riley
ran
over
to
Jack,
but
as
soon
as
Ann
bent
over
to
help
him
the
dog
went__silent.
“If
it
hadn’t
come
to
get
me,
the
doctor
said
Jack
would
have
not
been
saved，”Ann
reported
to
a
local
newspaper.
At
this
point,
still
no
one
had
called
to
claim
the
dog,
and
it
had
been
the
best
friend
of
her
two
sons.
Ann
decided
to
keep
it,
although
she
knew
it
would
bring
so
much
difficulty.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph
1：
The
next
morning
Ann
got
a
call.______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2：
An
hour
later,
somebody
knocked
at
the
door.___________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One
possible
version：
Paragraph
1：
The
next
morning
Ann
got
a
call.
A
man
recognized
his
lost
dog
and
called
the
number
on
the
flier.
Ann
was
trapped/struck
in
a
dilemma.
She
was
having
a
hard
struggle
in
her
mind,
unwilling/hesitant
to
tear
herself
away
from
Riley
and
let
it
go
for
the
moment.
Not
only
had
it
saved
her
son’s
life
from
jaws
of
death,
but
they
had
truly
regarded
it
as
a
member
of
their
family.
With
much
difficulty,__she
had
no
choice
but
to
tell
the
news
to
her
sons,
both
of
whom
went__silent
in
a
second.
A
sound
of
dismay
escaped
Thomas’
throat,
while
Jack
rooted
himself
against
the
wall,
speechless.
Paragraph
2：
An
hour
later,
somebody
knocked
at
the
door.
Everyone
knew
it
was
that
man
who
came
to
pick
up
his
dog.
Thomas
held
Riley
tightly
in
his
arms
while
Jack
stared
at
both
of
them,
full
of
tears,
without
even
one
word.“It’s
you！”Ann
shouted
when
she
opened
the
door.
It
was
Dr.
Alex
who
did
the
heart__operation
for
Jack.
When
he
saw
what
the
two
boys
did,
he
hesitated
for
a
while
and
then
smiled
to
them,
asking
politely
and
gently：“Boys,
can
I
help
to
look__after
you
and
your
dog
on
the
weekend
Of
course
I
will
bring
some
delicious
food
for
you
three！”All
of
them
burst
out
laughing,
and
Ann’s
joy
was
immense.Section
Ⅴ Writing
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介绍语言的说明文
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文体感知
介绍语言的说明文，主要包括以下两种类型：
1．介绍一种语言，包括语言的形成、历史、说此种语言的人数及分布情况等。
2．介绍如何学习某种语言及掌握某种语言的基本技能，主要以提建议为主，并给出适当理由。
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增分佳句
1．English
is
becoming
more
and
more
popular
in
the
world.
2．I’d
like
to
give
you
some
suggestions
to
help
you.
3．I
think
you
can
make
it
if
you
follow
the
advice
below.
4．It
is
important
to
take
an
English
course,
as
you’ll
be
able
to
learn
from
the
teacher
and
practice
with
your
fellow
students.
5．It
also
helps
to
watch
TV
and
read
books，newspapers
and
magazines
in
English
whenever
possible.
6．There
are
about
50，000
characters
in
written
Chinese,
about
20，000
of
which
are
known
to
most
people.
7．More
than
three
quarters
of
the
information
on
the
Internet
is
in
English.
8．The
stronger
the
motivation
is,
the
more
quickly
a
person
will
learn
a
foreign
language.
9．I
find
it
difficult
to
learn
English
grammar.
10．Therefore,
we
must
take
some
effective
measures
to
solve
it.
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写作要求
假如你是Mary，你的笔友李华听到他的同学提到美式英语和英式英语，这一说法让他感到很困惑。李华在给你的来信中提及此事，请你根据本模块所学内容简要介绍美式英语和英式英语的区别，并对其中的两项举例说明，最后提出自己的看法。
注意：词数80左右，文章开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总数。
Dear
Li
Hua，
It
is
understandable
that
you
got
confused
when
you
first
heard
the
terms
of
American
English
and
British
English.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours
sincerely，
Mary
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审题谋篇
体裁
说明文
时态
一般现在时
主题
美式英语和英式英语的区别
人称
第三人称和第二人称
结构
第一段：简要说出美式英语与英式英语在四个方面有区别。第二段：具体介绍美式英语与英式英语的区别所在。第三段：介绍美式英语与英式英语有很多共性，分清它们的区别并不难，以此对对方进行鼓励。
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词汇推敲
1．differ
不同，有区别
2．obvious
显然的，显而易见的
3．variety
种类
4．confusing
令人困惑的；难懂的
5．have__...in__common
有相同的特点
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遣词造句
1.
完成句子
①例如，英国人给车加petrol而美国人加gas。
For
example，British
people
fill
up
their
cars
with
petrol
while
Americans
with
gas.
②当你正在阅读时，你或许也会发现一些有着不同拼写的美式单词如color和center而不是colour和centre。
While
you
are
reading,
you
may__also__find__some__American__words__with__different__spellings
like
color
and
center
instead
of
colour
and
centre.
③尽管它们有些不同，但是美式英语和英式英语有很多共同点。
Although
they
are
a
little
different,
American
English
and
British
English
have__a__lot__in__common．
④因此来自这两个国家的人理解对方并不难。
So
people
from
the
two
countries
won’t
have__difficulty__understanding
each
other.
⑤事实上，由于这两个国家的频繁交往，这两种(语言)更接近了。
In
fact,
because
there
are
frequent
communications
between
the
two
countries,
the__two__varieties__are__coming__closer．
⑥当你了解了一些区别时，你会发现它们并不令人困惑而是有趣。
When
you
have
learned
some
of
the
differences,
you
will__find__they__are__not__so__confusing,__but__interesting.
2．句式升级
⑦用状语从句的省略升级句②
While__reading，you
may
also
find
some
American
words
with
different
spellings
like
color
and
center
instead
of
colour
and
centre.
⑧用as引导的让步状语从句升级句③
A__little__different__as__they__are，American
English
and
British
English
have
a
lot
in
common.
⑨用with复合结构升级句⑤的状语从句
In
fact,
with__frequent__communications__between__the__two__countries,__the
two
varieties
are
coming
closer.
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妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One
possible
version：
Dear__Li__Hua，
It__is__understandable__that__you__got__confused__when__you__first__heard__the__terms__of__American__English__and__British__English.
They
differ
mainly
in
four
aspects:
vocabulary，grammar，spelling
and
pronunciation.
The
most
obvious
difference
is
the
vocabulary.For
example,
British
people
fill
up
their
cars
with
petrol
while
Americans
with
gas.While
reading,
you
may
also
find
some
American
words
with
different
spellings
like
color
and
center
instead
of
colour
and
centre.
A
little
different
as
they
are，American
English
and
British
English
have
a
lot
in
common.After
all,
they
are
still
English.So
people
from
the
two
countries
won’t
have
difficulty
understanding
each
other.In
fact，with
frequent
communications
between
the
two
countries,
the
two
varieties
are
coming
closer.So
don’t
worry.When
you
have
learned
some
of
the
differences,
you
will
find
they
are
not
so
confusing,
but
interesting.
Yours__sincerely，
Mary
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为了帮助学生提高英语，你所在的学校成立了英语角。请你介绍英语角举办的时间、地点以及英语角的好处。词数80左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One
possible
version:
English
Corner,
held
in
the
playground
from
8
o’clock
to
10
o’clock
every
Saturday
morning,
is
very
useful
for
the
students
who
want
to
improve
their
English.
It
is
a
wonderful
place
where
we
can
not
only
practice
both
listening
and
speaking
but
also
meet
new
friends
who
have
a
lot
in
common
with
us.
All
the
students,
teachers
and
foreigners
are
welcome
to
take
part
in
English
Corner.
As
we
communicate
with
foreigners,
we
learn
many
things
that
we
can’t
learn
from
books.
While
talking
with
our
teachers,
we
can
ask
them
to
help
solve
some
problems.
Of
course,
we
can
share
our
ideas
with
other
students.
English
Corner
offers
a
relaxing
atmosphere
to
communicate
in
English.
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单句语法填空
1．(2019·聊城高二期中)Playing
football
not
only
makes
us
grow
up
tall
and
strong
but
also
____________(give)
us
a
sense
of
fair
play
and
team
spirit.
答案：gives
2．—I
was
very
angry
with
Kelvin
yesterday.
—I
know
your
feelings,
but
if
you
forgive
him,
you____________(be)
a
bigger
man.
答案：will
be
3．Hurry
up,
Peter!
The
taxi
____________(wait)
for
us
at
the
gate
of
the
hotel.
答案：is
waiting
4．At
a
young
age,
he
______________(move)
to
Spain
and
now
____________(play)
professionally
for
the
FC
Barcelona.
答案：moved；plays
5．—Hello,
I
____________(phone)
to
ask
if
I
can
book
two
tickets
for
tonight’s
film.
—Sorry,
we’ve
already
sold
out.
答案：am
phoning
6．As
long
as
it
____________(not
rain)
tomorrow，we’ll
have
a
trip
on
schedule.
答案：doesn’t
rain
7．The
telephone
____________(ring)
five
times
in
the
last
two
hours,
and
each
time
it
was
for
my
father.
答案：has
rung
8．—I
thought
I
had
reminded
you
to
take
out
the
rubbish.
—Oh,
I
forgot.
I____________(do)
it
right
now.
答案：will
do
9．It’s
the
most
instructive
lecture
that
I
____________(attend)
since
I
came
to
this
school.
答案：have
attended
10．(2019·安徽合肥重点中学期中)The
full
railway,
which
includes
72 kilometer
section
through
Beijing,
________________(complete)
in
four
and
a
half
years.
答案：will
be
completed
阅读理解
A
person’s
name
is
very
important.Some
names
also
have
special
meanings
in
popular
American
expressions.
An
average
Joe
was
walking
down
the
street
and
was
lost.An
average
Joe
is
a
common
person—either
male
or
female.He
did
not
know
Jack
about
where
he
was
going.By
this,
I
mean
he
did
not
know
anything
about
where
to
find
things
in
the
city.
So
average
Joe
asked
John
Q．Public,
also
a
common
person—male
or
female,
for
directions
to
the
nearest
bank.
“Jeez
Louise，”said
John
Q．Public.This
is
an
expression
of
surprise.“Jeez
Louise,
don’t
you
know
that
all
banks
are
closed
today？It
is
Saturday.”
“For
Pete’s
sake，I
do
not
believe
you，”said
average
Joe.This
is
also
an
expression
used
to
show
a
feeling
like
surprise
or
disappointment.He
was
being
a
doubting
Thomas,
someone
who
does
not
believe
anything
he
is
told.
At
that
moment，Joe
Blow，also
an
expression
for
a
common
man,
was
walking
down
the
street
with
a
woman.Now
this
Joe
Blow
was
not
walking
next
to
a
plain
Jane，meaning
a
woman
who
is
neither
ugly
nor
pretty.She
is
simply
plain.No,
the
woman
with
Joe
Blow
was
a
real
Sheila—a
beautiful
woman.
Average
Joe
asked
the
woman.“No
way，Joe，many
banks
are
open
on
Saturdays，”
she
answered.This
is
a
way
of
saying
“no”．
Average
Joe
did
not
know
either
of
these
two
people
from
Adam.That
is，he
did
not
know
them
at
all.But
he
followed
their
directions
to
the
nearest
bank.
When
he
arrived，he
walked
to
the
desk
of
the
chief
bank
employee.Now
this
man
was
a
true
Jack
of
all
trades.He
knew
how
to
do
everything.
“I
am
here
to
withdraw
some
money
so
I
can
pay
my
taxes
to
Uncle
Sam，”said
average
Joe.Uncle
Sam
represents
the
United
States
government.The
banker
produced
some
papers
and
told
average
Joe
to
sign
his
John
Hancock
at
the
bottom.A
John
Hancock
is
a
person’s
signed
name—a
signature.Historically,
John
Hancock
was
one
of
the
signers
of
the
United
States
Declaration
of
Independence.Hancock
had
a
beautiful
signature
and
signed
his
name
larger
than
all
the
others.
As
average
Joe
left
the
bank
he
began
to
sing.But
sadly,
average
Joe
was
not
a
good
singer.He
was
a
Johnny
One
Note.He
could
only
sing
one
note.
【解题导语】 文章介绍了美式英语中一些名字的特殊含义。
1．According
to
the
passage，we
can
infer
that
________
probably
show
great
interest
in
the
content.
A．bankers
B．historians
C．linguists
D．guides
C 解析：推理判断题。本文的主旨是介绍美式英语中一些与名字有关的短语的含义，此现象属于语言现象，由此可推知，语言学家可能对此文感兴趣。
2．Which
of
the
expressions
mentioned
in
the
passage
have
the
same
meaning
A．An
average
Joe
&
John
Q．Public.
B．Joe
Blow
&
John
Hancock.
C．A
plain
Jane
&
a
real
Sheila.
D．An
average
Joe
&
a
true
Jack
of
all
trades.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“An
average
Joe
is
a
common
person—either
male
or
female.”以及第三段“So
average
Joe
asked
John
Q.
Public，also
a
common
person—male
or
female，for
directions
to
the
nearest
bank.”可知，A项正确。
3．Which
of
the
following
can
stand
for
the
government
of
the
USA
A．John
Q．Public.
B．Joe
Blow.
C．Uncle
Sam.
D．John
Hancock.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Uncle
Sam
represents
the
United
States
government.”可知选C。
4．The
passage
is
developed
mainly
by
________．
A．raising
questions
and
answering
B．raising
up
a
story
and
giving
examples
C．comparing
one
thing
with
another
D．analyzing
and
solving
problems
B 解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容可判断，作者通过编排一系列情景介绍了一些相关的短语。
语法填空
A
new
international
study
1.____________(show)
that
six
people
die
every
minute
from
smoking.
If
the
present
situation
continues,
2.____________
number
of
deaths
each
year
from
smoking
could
rise
to
10
million
by
the
year
2020.
The
study
describes
smoking
3.____________
the
biggest
cause
to
deadly
diseases
among
grown ups
in
industrial
countries.
So
far
most
of
the
smoking
victims
have
happened
on
men,
especially
in
the
4.____________
(develop)
countries.
For
example,
70%
of
Chinese
men
smoke
more
than
15
cigarettes
each
day.
In
Latin
America
about
50%
of
the
men
are
smokers.
There
are
also
a
very
large
number
of
smokers
in
East
Europe.
And
25%
of
all
smoking
5.____________
(die)
world wide
are
in
those
areas
of
the
world.
Scientists
say
smoking
will
kill
50%
of
the
smokers.
Smoking
6.____________(know)
to
cause
lung
cancer.
It
can
also
lead
to
cancer
of
the
mouth
and
other
parts
of
bodies.
Smokers
are
more
likely
than
nonsmokers
7.____________(suffer)
from
heart
disease.
Experts
say
that
people
will
reduce
8.____________
(they)
chance
of
dying
from
smoking
if
they
stop
smoking
9.____________
(complete).
They
say
smokers
10.____________
give
up
smoking
can
improve
their
health.
【解题导语】 本文阐述了对吸烟问题进行研究而得出的新的国际研究结果。
1．shows 解析：考查动词时态。句意：一项新的国际研究显示每分钟有六个人死于吸烟。本文是一篇说明文，整篇都是一般现在时。
2．the 解析：考查冠词。the
number
of...“……的数目”。
3．as 解析：考查介词。describe...as...“把……描写成……”。
4．developing 解析：考查形容词。句意：迄今为止，大多数的吸烟受害者是男性，尤其在发展中国家。根据后文Chinese
men，Latin
America和East
Europe可知，这里应该指的是“发展中的”国家。
5．deaths 解析：考查名词。句意：全世界的吸烟死亡人数中有25%在世界上的这些区域。根据句中的are可知应用名词复数形式。
6．is
known 解析：考查被动语态。句意：人们知道抽烟可以致肺癌。主语Smoking和动词know为被动关系，故应用被动语态。
7．to
suffer 解析：考查不定式。句意：吸烟的人比不吸烟的人更有可能得心脏病。be
likely
to
do
sth.有可能做某事。
8．their 解析：考查代词。句意：专家们说如果人们完全戒烟，他们就会减少他们死于吸烟的机会。
9．completely 解析：考查副词。副词completely修饰动词stop。
10．who/that 解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们说戒烟的人会改善身体健康。who/that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
应用文写作
英语已经成为一门国际化的语言，但很多同学都反映，提高听力是他们的一大难题。假如你的听力很好，请根据你的经验写一篇短文，给同学们提一些建议。内容包括：
1．尽可能多听，听得越多，学英语就越容易；
2．要养成听的习惯，但每次时间不必太久，每天半小时左右即可；
3．选择有趣并且不太难的材料听，如中国国际广播电台或BBC英语节目；
4．选择发音清晰、语速不太快的磁带，逐渐提高难度。
词数：80左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One
possible
version：
With
the
development
of
the
world,
English
has
become
an
international
language
used
among
people
from
different
countries.
But
how
to
improve
our
listening
skill
is
a
big
problem
to
us
Chinese
students.
Here
is
some
advice
which
I
hope
may
be
useful
for
you.
First,
listen
as
much
as
you
can.
The
more
you
listen,
the
easier
it
will
be.
But
don’t
listen
too
long
each
time.
Half
an
hour
a
day
is
enough.
Choose
something
easy
and
interesting
as
listening
material.
You
can
get
some
tapes
in
which
English
is
spoken
clearly
and
not
too
fast.
Then
you
can
move
on
to
some
more
difficult
tapes
in
normal
speed.
Finally,
turn
to
China
Radio
International
and
BBC
English
programmes.
They
will
help
you
a
lot
to
improve
your
listening.
Just
keep
on
listening
and
you
will
find
your
way
out.
读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Ann
loves
dogs,
but
she
doesn’t
have
time
to
keep
even
one.
Her
husband
died
from
an
accident,
leaving
little
money
but
two
sons.
Thomas
was
10
years
old,
and
Jack,__who
was
recovering
from
a
heart__operation,__was
16
years
old.
She
had
to
work
all
day
to
support
the
whole
family.
One
morning,
Ann
found
a
lost
dog
wandering
around
the
local
elementary
school.
She
waited
there
for
half
an
hour
but
nobody
came
back
to
look
for
it.
She
had
no
choice
but
to
take
it
home
and
asked
her
sons
to
keep
an
eye
on
the
dog
on
the
day
while
she
was
working.
Ann
took
photos
of
the
dog
and
printed
off
400
FOUND
fliers(传单)
as
soon
as
she
came
back
from
work.
After
a
quick
supper,
Ann,
with
Thomas
and
Jack
went
out
and
put
them
in
mailboxes.
The
next
day,
Ann
went
to
the
dollar
store
and
bought
some
pet
supplies,
asking
the
boys
to
look__after
it
for
another
day,
and
she
hoped
it
would
be
the
last
day.
She
didn’t
forget
to
warn
her
two
sons
not
to
fall
in
love
with
the
dog,
for
they
had
no
money
or
time.
Four
days
later
no
one
called
to
claim(认领)
it,
so
Ann’s
family
was
still
looking
after
the
dog,
whom
they
had
started
to
call
Riley.
When
she
arrived
home
from
work,
the
dog
threw
itself
against
the
screen
door
and
barked
madly
at
her.
As
soon
as
she
opened
the
door,
Riley
dashed
into
the
boys’
room
where
Ann
found
Jack
suffering
from
a
heart
attack.
Riley
ran
over
to
Jack,
but
as
soon
as
Ann
bent
over
to
help
him
the
dog
went__silent.
“If
it
hadn’t
come
to
get
me,
the
doctor
said
Jack
would
have
not
been
saved，”Ann
reported
to
a
local
newspaper.
At
this
point,
still
no
one
had
called
to
claim
the
dog,
and
it
had
been
the
best
friend
of
her
two
sons.
Ann
decided
to
keep
it,
although
she
knew
it
would
bring
so
much
difficulty.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph
1：
The
next
morning
Ann
got
a
call.______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph
2：
An
hour
later,
somebody
knocked
at
the
door.___________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One
possible
version：
Paragraph
1：
The
next
morning
Ann
got
a
call.
A
man
recognized
his
lost
dog
and
called
the
number
on
the
flier.
Ann
was
trapped/struck
in
a
dilemma.
She
was
having
a
hard
struggle
in
her
mind,
unwilling/hesitant
to
tear
herself
away
from
Riley
and
let
it
go
for
the
moment.
Not
only
had
it
saved
her
son’s
life
from
jaws
of
death,
but
they
had
truly
regarded
it
as
a
member
of
their
family.
With
much
difficulty,__she
had
no
choice
but
to
tell
the
news
to
her
sons,
both
of
whom
went__silent
in
a
second.
A
sound
of
dismay
escaped
Thomas’
throat,
while
Jack
rooted
himself
against
the
wall,
speechless.
Paragraph
2：
An
hour
later,
somebody
knocked
at
the
door.
Everyone
knew
it
was
that
man
who
came
to
pick
up
his
dog.
Thomas
held
Riley
tightly
in
his
arms
while
Jack
stared
at
both
of
them,
full
of
tears,
without
even
one
word.“It’s
you！”Ann
shouted
when
she
opened
the
door.
It
was
Dr.
Alex
who
did
the
heart__operation
for
Jack.
When
he
saw
what
the
two
boys
did,
he
hesitated
for
a
while
and
then
smiled
to
them,
asking
politely
and
gently：“Boys,
can
I
help
to
look__after
you
and
your
dog
on
the
weekend
Of
course
I
will
bring
some
delicious
food
for
you
three！”All
of
them
burst
out
laughing,
and
Ann’s
joy
was
immense.你想知道美式英语的发展史吗？让我们通过下面的文章来了解一下吧！
The
development
of
the
English
language
in
America
can
be
divided
into
three
periods.
The
first
period
is
from
1607
to
the
end
of
colonial(殖民地的)
times.
In
this
period
the
population
in
America
was
about
four
million，90
percent
of
whom
came
from
Britain.
The
second
period
covers
the
expansion(扩张)
of
the
original
thirteen
colonies.
This
may
be
said
to
close
with
the
Civil
War,
about
1860.This
period
was
marked
by
the
arrival
of
the
new
immigrants(移民)
from
Ireland
and
Germany.
The
third
period,
since
the
Civil
War,
is
marked
by
an
important
change
in
the
source
from
which
the
European
immigrants
came.
They
came
from
northern
and
southern
Europe
in
large
numbers.
American
English
began
in
the
17th
century.
At
the
beginning
of
the
17th
century
the
English
language
was
brought
to
North
America
by
colonists
from
England.
They
used
the
language
spoken
in
England,
that
is,
Elizabethan
English.
At
first
the
language
stayed
the
same
as
the
language
used
in
Britain，but
slowly
the
language
began
to
change.
Sometimes，the
English
spoken
in
America
changed
but
sometimes
the
language
spoken
in
the
place
stayed
the
same，while
the
language
in
England
changed.
Section
Ⅰ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.queue
vi.
(英)排队(等候)
2.compare
vt.
比较
3.remark
n．
评论；讲话
4.structure
n.
结构；体系
拓展词汇
5.obvious
adj.显然的，显而易见的→obviously
adv.显然地；明显地
6.confusing
adj.令人困惑的；难懂的→confuse
v．使困惑；把……弄糊涂→confused
adj.混乱的；迷惑不解的；糊涂的→confusion
n．困惑；混乱；混淆
7.variety
n．种类→various
adj.各种各样的
8.differ
vi.不同，有区别→difference
n．不同；区别→different
adj.不同的；相异的
9.steadily
adv.不断地；持续地→steady
adj.持续的；稳固的
阅读词汇
10.linguist
n．
语言学家
11.accent
n.
口音
12.motorway
n.
(英)高速公路
13.underground
n.
(英)地铁
14.subway
n.
(美)地铁
15.flashlight
n.
(美)手电筒；火把
16.preposition
n.
介词
17.omit
vt.
省略
18.settler
n.
移民；定居者
19.variation
n.
变化
20.satellite
n.
卫星
21.flick
n.
轻打；轻弹；抖动
22.switch
n.
开关
重点短语
1.have...in__common
有相同的特点
2.make__a__difference
有影响，使不相同
3.get__around
四处走动(旅行)
4.queue__up/stand__in__line
排队
5.be__similar__to
与……相似
6.lead__to
引起；导致
重点句型
1.while并列连词，表对比，意为“而，却”
The
British
say
Have
you
got...？while__Americans__prefer(而美国人更喜欢)
Do
you
have...？
2.as
much...as...和……一样多
After
all,
there
is
probably
as__much__variation__of__pronunciation__within__the__two__countries__as__between__them(两国境内的口音差别可能跟两国之间的口音差别一样多).
3.have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有困难
A
Londoner
has__more__difficulty__understanding(更难听懂)
a
Scotsman
from
Glasgow
than
understanding
a
New
Yorker.
4.make
＋it＋adj.＋
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
This
non stop
communication,
the
experts
think,
has__made__it__easier__for__British__people__and__Americans__to__understand__each__other(使英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易).
Read
the
text
and
match
the
main
idea
of
each
paragraph.
1．Paras.1－2( )
A．Some
experts
believe
that
the
two
varieties
are
moving
closing
together.
Users
of
English
will
all
be
able
to
understand
each
other—wherever
they
are.
2．Para.3( )
B．The
first
and
most
obvious
way
is
in
the
vocabulary.
But
there
are
some
words
and
expressions
not
so
well
known.
3．Para.4( )
C．British
English
and
American
English
are
different
in
spelling
and
pronunciation.
4．Paras.5－7( )
D．There
are
a
few
differences
in
grammar.
答案：1－4.BDCA
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．Which
of
the
following
is
the
most
obvious
difference
between
British
and
American
English
A．Grammar.
B．Spelling.
C．Pronunciation.
D．Vocabulary.
2．What
is
the
writer’s
attitude
towards
the
differences
between
British
English
and
American
English
A．People
can
understand
each
other
in
the
same
nation
however
great
the
differences
are.
B．Differences
within
a
language
are
quite
normal
even
in
the
same
country.
C．George
Bernard
Shaw
believed
that
English
would
grow
better.
D．It
is
surprising
that
the
same
language
has
such
great
differences.
3．What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
last
two
paragraphs
A．In
the
future,
there
are
only
two
varieties
of
English.
B．Newspapers
and
weather
forecasters
all
speak
American
English.
C．In
the
future,
it
will
be
difficult
for
users
of
English
to
understand
each
other.
D．There
will
be
more
than
two
varieties
of
English
in
the
future.
4．From
the
passage
we
can
infer
that________．
A．more
and
more
words
have
different
meanings
between
American
and
British
English
B．British
English
turns
popular
with
more
people
all
over
the
world
C．announcers
in
the
United
States
are
required
to
have
standard
pronunciation
D．British
English
and
American
English
have
had
an
influence
on
each
other
答案：1－4.DBDD
Analyze
the
following
difficult
sentences
in
the
text.
1．When
the
Irish
writer
George
Bernard
Shaw
made
the
famous
remark
that
the
British
and
the
Americans
are
two
nations
divided
by
a
common
language,
he
was
obviously
thinking
about
the
differences.
[翻译] 当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳讲“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族”这句名言的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。
答案：时间状语；同位语；过去分词短语
2．But
it
has
also
led
to
lots
of
American
words
and
structures
passing
into
British
English,
so
that
some
people
now
believe
that
British
English
will
disappear.
本句为主从复合句，主句的主语是________，谓语是________，动名词的复合结构lots
of
American
words
and
structures
passing
into
British
English作________
语；
so
that
引导________
从句，在从句中British
English
will
disappear是that引导的________
从句。
[翻译] 但这也导致了大量的美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语，以至于现在有一些人认为英式英语将会消失。
答案：it；has
led
to；宾；结果状语；宾语
①be
different
in
在……方面不同
be
different
from
与……不同
②obvious[' bvi s]adj.显然的，显而易见的
③drive...down...
沿……驾驶……，相当于drive...along...。
④fill
up
(with)
(用……)装满，填满
⑤motorway['m t weI]n.(英)高速公路
⑥petrol
n．(英)汽油
gas
n．(美)汽油
⑦underground[' nd ɡra nd]
n．(英)地铁
⑧subway['s b weI]n.(美)地铁
⑨prefer
to...更愿意/喜欢……；prefer...to...喜欢……
胜过……(to为介词)
⑩get
around四处走动(旅行)
flashlight['fl laIt]n.(美)手电筒；火把
while
为并列连词，意为“而，然而”。
queue[kju ]vi.(英)排队(等候)
queue
up
(for...)
排队(等候……)
stand
in
line
排队等候
slightly
adv.“略微，稍微”，此处修饰different。
confusing[k n'fju zI ]adj.
令人困惑的；难懂的
for
example“例如”，常作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。
preposition[ prep 'zI n]n.介词
compare[k m'pe ]vt.比较
compare...with...把……与……相比
compare...to...把……与……相比；把……比作……
on
the
team(美)是队里的一员
in
the
team(英)是队里的一员
on
the
weekend(美)在周末
at
the
weekend(英)在周末
omit[ 'mIt]vt.省略
variety[v 'raI ti]n.种类
a
variety
of/varieties
of各种各样的
differ['dIf ]vi.不同，有区别
differ
in在……方面不同
differ
from与……不同
seem看来，似乎(作连系动词)
seem后常与动词不定式to
do或形容词连用，或构成固定句式It
seems
that...。
instead
of代替，而不是
influence
vt.&n.
影响
have
an
influence
on
对……有影响
settler['setl ]n.
移民；定居者
be
similar
to与……相似
be
similar
in
在……方面相似
remark[rI'mɑ k]n.评论；讲话
variation[ ve rI'eI n]n.变化
have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有困难
steadily['stedIli]adv.不断地；持续地
satellite['s t laIt]n.卫星
flick[flIk]n.轻打；轻弹；抖动
at
the
flick
of
轻轻一按/弹……
switch[swIt ]n.开关
lead
to引起；导致
structure['str kt ]n.结构；体系
disappear
vi.消失
turn
on打开
此处suggest意为“暗示，表明”，其后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。suggest作“建议”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
be
able
to
能够……
Words,
words,
words
British
and
American
English
are
different
in①
many
ways.The
first
and
most
obvious②
way
is
in
the
vocabulary.
There
are
hundreds
of
different
words
which
are
not
used
on
the
other
side
of
the
Atlantic,
or
which
are
used
with
a
different
meaning．Some
of
these
words
are
well
known—Americans
drive
automobiles
down③
freeways
and
fill
up
with④
gas;
the
British
drive
cars
along
motorways⑤
and
fill
up
with
petrol⑥.As
a
tourist,
you
will
need
to
use
the
underground⑦
in
London
or
the
subway⑧
in
New
York,
or
maybe
you
will
prefer
to⑨
get
around⑩
the
town
by
taxi
(British)
or
cab
(American)．
◆which引导两个定语从句，均修饰words。
Chips
or
French
fries
But
other
words
and
expressions
are
not
so
well
known.Americans
use
a
flashlight ，
while
for
the
British,
it’s
a
torch.The
British
queue up;
Americans
stand
in
line .Sometimes
the
same
word
has
a
slightly
different
meaning,
which
can
be
confusing .Chips,
for
example ，
are
pieces
of
hot
fried
potato
in
Britain;
in
the
States
chips
are
very
thin
and
are
sold
in
packets.The
British
call
these
crisps.The
chips
the
British
know
and
love
are
French
fries
on
the
other
side
of
the
Atlantic.
◆which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。
Have
or
have
got
There
are
a
few
differences
in
grammar,
too.
The
British
say
Have
you
got...
while
Americans
prefer
Do
you
have...
An
American
might
say
My
friend
just
arrived,
but
a
British
person
would
say
My
friend
has
just
arrived.
Prepositions ，
too,
can
be
different:
compare on
the
team ，on
the
weekend(American)
with
in
the
team,
at
the
weekend
(British).
The
British
use
prepositions
where
Americans
sometimes
omit
them(I’ll
see
you
Monday;
Write
me
soon！)．
◆where引导地点状语从句。
Colour
or
color
The
other
two
areas
in
which
the
two
varieties
differ
are
spelling
and
pronunciation.
American
spelling
seems
simpler:
center,
color
and
program
instead
ofcentre,
colour
and
programme.
Many
factors
have
influenced
American
pronunciation
since
the
first
settlers
arrived
four
hundred
years
ago.
The
accent,
which
is
most
similar
to
British
English,
can
be
heard
on
the
East
Coast
of
the
US.
When
the
Irish
writer
George
Bernard
Shaw
made
the
famous
remark
that
the
British
and
the
Americans
are
two
nations
divided
by
a
common
language,
he
was
obviously
thinking
about
the
differences.
But
are
they
really
so
important
After
all,
there
is
probably
as
much
variation
of
pronunciation
within
the
two
countries
as
between
them.
A
Londoner
has
more
difficulty
understanding
a
Scotsman
from
Glasgow
than
understanding
a
New
Yorker.
◆“in＋关系代词which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词areas，其中differ
in中的介词前移了。
◆which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the
accent。
Turn
on
the
TV
Some
experts
believe
that
the
two
varieties
are
moving
closer
together.For
more
than
a
century
communications
across
the
Atlantic
have
developed
steadily.Since
the
1980s,
with
satellite
TV
and
the
Internet,
it
has
been
possible
to
listen
to
British
and
American
English
at
the
flick
of
a
switch.This
non stop
communication,
the
experts
think,
has
made
it
easier
for
British
people
and
Americans
to
understand
each
other.But
it
has
also
led
to
lots
of
American
words
and
structures
passing
into
British
English,
so
that
some
people
now
believe
that
British
English
will
disappear.
◆“it＋be＋adj.＋to
do...”结构中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语。
◆make＋it＋adj./n.＋(for
sb.)to
do...为固定结构。其中it为形式宾语，其后的动词不定式为真正的宾语。
However,
if
you
turn
on
CNN,
the
American
TV
network,
you
find
newsreaders
and
weather
forecasters
all
speaking
with
different
accents—American,
British,
Australian,
and
even
Spanish.One
of
the
best known
faces,
Monita
Rajpal,
was
born
in
Hong
Kong,
China,
and
grew
up
speaking
Chinese
and
Punjabi,
as
well
as
English.
◆find
sth./sb.doing...“发现某物/某人在做……”，为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
◆现在分词短语作伴随状语。
This
international
dimension
suggests
that
in
the
future,
there
are
going
to
be
many
“Englishes”，
not
just
two
main
varieties.But
the
message
is
“Don’t
worry.”Users
of
English
will
all
be
able
to
understand
each
other—wherever
they
are．
◆wherever引导让步状语从句，相当于no
matter
where。
词，词，词
英式英语和美式英语在很多方面是不同的。首先最明显的是在词汇方面。有数以百计的不同的词在大西洋彼岸不被使用，或者以一种不同的意思被使用着。其中一些单词是人们所熟知的——美国人在freeways上驾驶的是automobiles,
给车加gas;
英国人在motorways上驾驶的是cars,
给车加petrol。作为游客，你在伦敦要乘坐的地铁叫underground,
而在纽约则叫subway,
或者你也许更愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。
Chips
还是French
fries
但是其他词和表达方式却没有这么广泛地为人所知。美国人把手电筒称为flashlight,
而英国人则叫它torch。“排队”在英式英语中用queue
up,
而在美式英语中用stand
in
line。有时候同一个单词的含义有微小的差别，这让人很困惑。例如，chips在英国是指热的炸薯条，在美国却指非常薄而且装在纸袋里出售的薯片——英国人把这种东西称为crisps。英国人熟悉而且喜欢的薯条在大西洋彼岸被称为French
fries。
Have还是have
got
在语法上，英式英语和美式英语也有一些区别。英国人说“Have
you
got...？”，而美国人更喜欢说“Do
you
have...？”；美国人可能会说“My
friend
just
arrived”，但是英国人会说“My
friend
has
just
arrived”。介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下on
the
team,
on
the
weekend(美式)和in
the
team,
at
the
weekend(英式)。英国人用介词的地方美国人有时候会省略(I’ll
see
you
Monday;
Write
me
soon！)。
Colour还是color
这两种英语另外两个不同的方面是拼写和发音。美式英语的拼写看上去更简单一些：center，color和program是美式拼法，而centre，colour和programme是英式拼法。自从400年前第一批移民到来，有很多因素影响了美式英语的发音。在美国东海岸能听到与英式英语非常相似的口音。当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳讲“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族”这句名言的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。但是这些区别真的如此重要吗？毕竟，两国境内的口音差别可能跟两国之间的口音差别一样多。一个伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。
打开电视机
一些专家相信这两种语言变体正在越来越接近。一个多世纪以来，大西洋两岸的交流稳步发展。自从20世纪80年代以来，随着卫星电视和因特网的使用，轻轻一按开关已经使得听到英式英语和美式英语成为可能。专家们认为，这种不间断的交流已使英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。但这也导致了大量的美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语，以至于现在有一些人认为英式英语将会消失。
然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN,
你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员都操着不同的口音——美国的、英国的、澳大利亚的，甚至西班牙的。其中最熟悉的面孔之一——出生于中国香港的慕妮塔·让治派，从小到大说的是汉语、旁遮普语(一种印度土语)和英语。
这种国际维度表明，在未来将有很多种“英语”，而不仅仅是主要的两种变体。但其实大家不用担心。无论在哪里，英语使用者们都能彼此理解。
阅读理解
A
The
world
is
changing
so
fast
that
English,
perhaps
the
most
worldly
of
languages,
is
struggling
to
keep
up.
Learners
in
the
future
are
likely
to
be
much
younger.Young
children
are
often
said
to
be
better
at
language
learning
than
older
learners
but
they
also
have
special
challenges.Young
children
don’t
usually
have
the
kind
of
instrumental
motivation
and
determination
for
learning
English
that
older
learners
often
have.English
lessons
must
therefore
be
fun
and
rewarding.
The
reasons
why
people
learn
English
are
also
changing.Globalization
is
bringing
together
more
people
than
ever
who
speak
different
languages
and
who
are
turning
to
English
as
the
means
of
communication.The
English
learners
of
the
future
may
be
less
worried
about
sounding
exactly
like
a
native
speaker
and
more
concerned
about
how
to
use
English
effectively
in
cross cultural
communication.We
may
be
hearing
more
non native
speakers
in
dialogues
and
a
wider
range
of
the“New
Englishes”
now
used
around
the
world.
Technology
will
allow
English
to
come
to
you,
rather
than
you
having
to
go
to
a
special
place
to
learn
English.
Learning
English
has
always
involved
both
pain
and
pleasure，private
effort
and
social
activity.Traditional
learning
provided
take it
or
leave it
mixes
of
these
as
well
as
of
content
but
in
future
learners
will
be
able
to
choose
a
plan
which
suits
their
cultural
and
psychological
dispositions(性情)
or
their
particular
needs
at
that
moment.They,
rather
than
their
teachers,
will
decide
how,
what
and
when
they
will
learn.
Above
all,
learning
English
is
about
communication
and
an
important
benefit
of
learning
English
is
being
able
to
exchange
views
and
make
friends
with
people
all
over
the
world.Despite
the
growing
independence
of
learners,
trusted
institutions
and
brand
names
will
remain
important.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了未来英语学习的特点。
1．Compared
to
older
learners,
young
English
learners
________．
A．are
more
active
in
learning
B．are
more
hard
working
in
learning
C．have
more
difficulties
in
learning
D．have
less
lasting
determination
in
learning
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句可知，年轻人在英语学习方面的动力和决心不如年龄大的英语学习者强，故D项正确。
2．What
can
we
learn
from
the
passage
A．Future
English
lessons
will
be
more
interesting.
B．Old
people
won’t
have
to
learn
English
in
the
future.
C．People
will
pay
more
attention
to
English
pronunciation.
D．Teachers
will
play
a
more
important
role
in
one’s
English
learning.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段末句可以推断未来的英语课程将会更加有趣。
3．What
can
we
learn
about
the
future
English
language
A．British
English
will
be
more
popular.
B．American
English
will
be
more
popular.
C．Most
people
will
speak
standard
English.
D．Many
different
kinds
of
Englishes
will
appear.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第三段末句可知，未来将会出现更多种类的英语。
4．What
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage
A．Learning
English
means
no
pain
in
the
future.
B．English
training
schools
will
not
be
popular
with
young
people
in
the
future.
C．English
learners
will
become
less
independent
in
the
future.
D．More
attention
will
be
paid
to
personal
needs
in
English
learning
in
the
future.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“...in
future
learners
will
be
able
to
choose
a
plan
which
suits
their
cultural
and
psychological
dispositions(性情)
or
their
particular
needs...”可判断，在未来将会更加注重个人的特殊需求，英语学习将会更加个性化。
B
(2019·山西运城康杰中学高二月考)When
her
five
daughters
were
young，Helene
An
always
told
them
that
there
was
strength
in
unity(团结)．To
show
this,
she
held
up
one
chopstick,
representing
one
person.Then
she
easily
broke
it
into
two
pieces.Next,
she
tied
several
chopsticks
together,
representing
a
family.She
showed
the
girls
it
was
hard
to
break
the
tied
chopsticks.This
lesson
about
family
unity
stayed
with
the
daughters
as
they
grew
up.
Helene
An
and
her
family
own
a
large
restaurant
business
in
California.However，when
Helene
and
her
husband
Danny
left
their
home
in
Vietnam
in
1975，they
didn’t
have
much
money.They
moved
their
family
to
San
Francisco.There
they
joined
Danny’s
mother，Diana，who
owned
a
small
Italian
sandwich
shop.Soon
afterwards，Helene
and
Diana
changed
the
sandwich
shop
into
a
small
Vietnamese
restaurant.The
five
daughters
helped
in
the
restaurant
when
they
were
young.However,
Helene
did
not
want
her
daughters
to
always
work
in
the
family
business
because
she
thought
it
was
too
hard.
Eventually
the
girls
all
graduated
from
college
and
went
away
to
work
for
themselves，but
one
by
one，the
daughters
returned
to
work
in
the
family
business.They
opened
new
restaurants
in
San
Francisco
and
Los
Angeles.Even
though
family
members
sometimes
disagreed
with
each
other，they
worked
together
to
make
the
business
successful.Daughter
Elizabeth
explains，“Our
mother
taught
us
that
to
succeed
we
must
have
unity,
and
to
have
unity
we
must
have
peace.Without
the
strength
of
the
family,
there
is
no
business.”
Their
expanding
business
became
a
large
corporation
in
1996,
with
three
generations
of
Ans
working
together.Now
the
Ans’
corporation
makes
more
than
$20
million
each
year.Although
they
began
with
a
small
restaurant,
they
had
big
dreams,
and
they
worked
together.Now
they
are
a
big
success.
【解题导语】 海伦·安的五个女儿从小受到妈妈的教育，要懂得团结的重要性。后来她们长大后合力把企业做强做大，彰显了团结协作的巨大威力。
5．Helene
tied
several
chopsticks
together
to
show
________．
A．the
strength
of
family
unity
B．the
difficulty
of
growing
up
C．the
advantage
of
chopsticks
D．the
best
way
of
giving
a
lesson
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知答案。
6．We
can
learn
from
Paragraph
2
that
the
An
family
________．
A．started
a
business
in
1975
B．left
Vietnam
without
much
money
C．bought
a
restaurant
in
San
Francisco
D．opened
a
sandwich
shop
in
Los
Angeles
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，安一家在1975年离开越南时并没有很多钱。故选B。
7．What
can
we
infer
about
the
An’s
daughters
A．They
did
not
finish
their
college
education.
B．They
could
not
bear
working
in
the
family
business.
C．They
were
influenced
by
what
Helene
taught
them.
D．They
were
troubled
by
disagreement
among
family
members.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Our
mother
taught
us
that
to
succeed
we
must
have
unity,
and
to
have
unity
we
must
have
peace.Without
the
strength
of
the
family,
there
is
no
business.”可知安的女儿们深受妈妈教育的影响。故选C。
8．Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage
A．How
to
Run
a
Corporation
B．Strength
Comes
from
Peace
C．How
to
Achieve
a
Big
Dream
D．Family
Unity
Builds
Success
D 解析：标题归纳题。本文在第一段就说明了安教育女儿们团结协作的重要性，后来孩子们长大了通力合作把企业做大。所以本文说明了家庭团结促成事业成功。故选D。
完形填空
When
we
think
of
green
buildings，we
tend
to
think
of
new
ones－the
kind
of
modern，solar paneled
masterpieces
that
make
the
covers
of
architecture
magazines.
But
the
US
has
more
than
100
million
existing
homes，and
it
would
be
incredibly
__1__
to
tear
them
all
down
and
__2__
them
with
greener
versions.
An
enormous
amount
of
energy
and
resources
went
into
the
construction
of
those
houses.And
it
would
take
an
average
of
65
years
for
the
__3__
carbon
emissions(排放)
from
a(n)
__4__
energy efficient(节能)
home
to
make
up
for
the
__5__
lost
by
destroying
an
old
one.
So
in
the
broadest
sense，the
greenest
home
is
the
one
that
has
already
been
built.But
at
the
same
time，__6__
half
of
US
carbon
emissions
come
from
heating，cooling
and
powering
our
__7__，offices
and
other
buildings.“You
can’t
deal
with
climate
__8__
without
dealing
with
existing
buildings，”says
Richard
Moe，the
president
of
the
National
Trust.
With
some
exceptions，the
oldest
homes
tend
to
be
the
__9__
energy efficient.Houses
built
before
1939
use
about
50%
more
energy
per
square
foot
than
those
built
after
2000，mainly
due
to
the
tiny
cracks
and
gaps
that
__10__
over
time
and
let
in
more
outside
__11__．
__12__，there
are
a
vast
number
of
relatively
simple
changes
that
can
green
older
homes，from
__13__
ones
like
Lincoln’s
Cottage
to
your
own
postwar
home.And
efficiency
upgrades(升级)
can
save
more
than
just
the
earth；they
can
help
__14__
property
owners
from
rising
power
__15__．
【解题导语】 当想到绿色环保建筑时，我们往往会想到现代太阳能嵌板方面的杰作，它们能够作为建筑杂志的封面。为了节能环保，美国准备拆除大量的旧房，对历史性建筑进行节能升级改造，以进一步减少碳的排放量及能源的消耗。
1．A.terrible
B．wasteful
C．wonderful
D．useful
B 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。把1亿多套住宅全部拆毁是极其浪费的。在四个选项中，B选项“wasteful”表示“浪费的”，符合语境。故答案选B。
2．A.put
B．build
C．replace
D．take
C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。拆除大量的住宅后，取而代之的是更加绿色环保的住宅。C选项“replace”表示“取代，代替”，符合句意。故答案选C。
3．A.reduced
B．increased
C．used
D．destroyed
A 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。语境表示新型节能住宅减少的碳排放量。依据语境可知，A选项“reduced”表示“减少的”，符合文意。其他选项与语境明显不符，可排除。故答案选A。
4．A.old
B．fashionable
C．new
D．beautiful
C 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。此处表示的是新型节能住宅。由此可知，C选项符合语境。故答案选C。
5．A.magazines
B．trees
C．materials
D．resources
D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。此处指的是弥补毁掉旧住宅所损失的资源。D选项“resource”表示“资源”，与语境相符。故答案选D。
6．A.nearly
B．hardly
C．rarely
D．mostly
A 解析：考查副词词义辨析。在美国的碳排放量中，几乎有一半来自为住宅、办公室和其他建筑物供暖、制冷和供电等。A表示“几乎，差不多”；B表示“几乎不”；C表示“很少，罕有”；D表示“大多数地，大部分地”。根据语境结合选项的词义可知，A选项与句意相符。故答案选A。
7．A.libraries
B．schools
C．homes
D．stores
C 解析：考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，此处表示的是为住宅、办公室和其他建筑物供电。依据语境结合选项的词义可知，C选项符合句意。故答案选C。
8．A.improvement
B．appearance
C．stability
D．change
D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。解决不好现存的房屋问题，就解决不好气候变化问题。A表示“改进，改善，增进”；B表示“出现，露面”；C表示“稳定，稳定性，安定”；D表示“变化”。根据题干，D选项符合语境。故答案选D。
9．A.most
B．really
C．very
D．least
D 解析：考查副词词义辨析。最旧的住宅往往最不节能。D选项作为副词，与形容词原级或副词原级连用，相当于该形容词或副词最高级的反义词，表示“最不……”。故答案选D。
10．A.expand
B．narrow
C．strengthen
D．weaken
A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。小的裂痕和裂口久而久之会不断扩大。A表示“扩大，膨胀，
发展”；B表示“使变窄，限制，缩小”；C表示“加强，增强；巩固”；D表示“削弱，减弱”。由此可知，A选项与文意相符。故答案选A。
11．A.dust
B．air
C．smoke
D．water
B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。裂痕和裂口扩大后，就会让室外更多的空气进入室内。在四个选项中，B选项符合文意。故答案选B。
12．A.Oppositely
B．Unfortunately
C．Fortunately
D．Frankly
C 解析：考查副词词义辨析。幸运的是，有许多相对简单的变化来使更老的房子绿色节能。因此，C选项与语境相符。故答案选C。
13．A.historic
B．worthless
C．ordinary
D．meaningless
A 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。A表示“历史上著名的，有历史性的”；B表示“无价值的，无用的，不重要的”；C表示“普通的，平凡的”；D表示“无意义的，无目的的。”空后提到“like
Lincoln’s
Cottage”，由此结合语境及选项的词义可知，A选项符合文意。故答案选A。
14．A.charge
B．protect
C．punish
D．warn
B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。节能升级之后，能够帮助房产主人节省能源成本。“protect...from...”为常用短语，表示“使……免受……”。由此可知，B选项与题意相符。故答案选B。
15．A.prices
B．costs
C．businesses
D．bargains
B 解析：考查名词词义辨析。A表示“价格，价钱”；B表示“费用，成本”；C表示“生意，交易，商业”；D表示“买卖，交易，便宜货。”结合上一题的语境可知，B选项符合文意。故答案选B。(共30张PPT)
Module
1 British
and
American
English
Section
Ⅳ Grammar
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
》语法精讲专项突破
语法透新·专项训练◆Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
&
Cultural
Corner
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重点单词
写作词汇
1.present
vt.
陈述；提出(观点、计划等)
2.distinctive
adj.
与众不同的
3.look
n．
外观；外表；样子
4.standard
adj.
标准的
拓展词汇
5.rapidly
adv.迅速地→rapid
adj.迅速的
6.announcement
n．声明；宣告→announce
v．宣布；声明
7.add
vt.加；增加→addition
n．增加；增加物
8.attempt
n．努力；尝试→attempted
adj.未遂的
9.simplify
vt.简化→simple
adj.简单的→simply
adv.简单地；仅仅；只不过
bination
n．组合；结合→combine
v．结合；联合；组合
11.__criticise
vt.批评→criticism
n．批评；批判；指责
12.reference
n．参考；查阅→refer
v．参考；查阅；谈及；提到
阅读词汇
13.edition
n.
(广播、电视节目的)期；版
14.cute
adj.
逗人喜爱的
重点短语
1.get__on
进展；相处
2.get__used__to__doing__sth.
习惯于做某事
3.so__far
到目前为止
4.make__a__fuss__of
对……过于注意
5.pick__up
拾起；学会
6.wear__off
逐渐消失
7.in__favour__of
同意；支持
8.refer__to...as...
称……为……
9.thanks__to
幸亏，多亏
重点句型
1.not与always连用表示部分否定
In
English
the
spelling
of
words
does__not__always(并不总是)
represent
the
sound.
2.现在分词短语作结果状语
By
the
1850s
it
was
selling
one
million
copies
a
year,
making__it__one__of__the__most__popular__school__books__ever(结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一).
3.now
that引导原因状语从句，意为“既然，因为”
I’m
getting
on
just
fine,
now__that(因为)
I
understand
the
local
accent.
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Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．Which
of
the
following
can
replace
the
word
“represent”
in
the
first
paragraph
A．Stand
for.
B．Present.
C．Take.
D．Use.
2．What
can
we
know
about
Noah
Webster
in
the
text
A．He
graduated
from
Yale
University
in
1788.
B．He
once
worked
as
a
lawyer.
C．He
fought
against
the
British
in
the
War
of
Independence.
D．He
is
popular
among
the
British.
3．Which
one
is
not
the
reason
for
writing
an
American
dictionary
A．In
English
the
spelling
of
words
does
not
always
represent
the
sound.
B．Some
British
words
have
too
many
letters.
C．Webster
thought
the
newly
independent
United
States
should
have
a
distinctive
“American”
look.
D．The
British
dictionaries
are
not
good.
4．Which
is
TRUE
for
American
Dictionary
of
the
English
Language
A．It
first
appeared
in
1818.
B．The
British
also
like
it
very
much.
C．It
introduced
lots
of
new
American
words.
D．It
is
not
popular
nowadays.
答案：1－4.ACDC
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①not
always“并不总是”，表示部分否定。
②represent
vt.代表；描写
③combination[ k mbI'neI n]n.
组合；结合
④in
a
number
of
ways
以多种方式
⑤a
little
bit
稍微
⑥thanks
to幸亏，多亏
⑦graduate
from
毕业于
⑧as
a
young
man“年轻时”，注意as不要直译为“作为”。
⑨fight
against
与……作斗争；为反对……而斗争
⑩distinctive[dI'stI ktIv]adj.
与众不同的
look[l k]n.外观；外表；样子；用作复数时，意为“相貌”。
suggest
doing...
建议做……
simplify['sImplIfaI]vt.简化
extremely
adv.尤其，非常
ever与最高级连用，意为“空前，有史以来”；与比较级连用，意为“曾经，以往任何时候”，用来加强语气。
adopt
vt.采用，采纳；领养
silent
letters
不发音的字母
be
best
known
for
因……而最著名；原级：be
well
known
for
introduce
vt.引进
pronunciation
n．发音
pronounce
v．发音
criticise['krItI saIz]vt.批评
standard['st nd d]adj.标准的
reference['ref r ns]n.参考；
查阅a
reference
book
参考书
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The
Man
Who
Made
Spelling
Simple
In
English
the
spelling
of
words
does
not
always①
represent②
the
sound.
So
people
say
/raIt/
but
spell
it
right,
or
write,
or
even
binations③
of
letters
(like
ough)
may
be
pronounced
in
a
number
of
ways④.And
some
words
just
seem
to
have
too
many
letters.
And
some
words
just
seem
to
have
too
many
letters.
For
Americans
things
are
a
little
bit⑤
easier,
thanks
to⑥
the
work
of
Noah
Webster,
a
teacher
who
graduated
from⑦
Yale
University
in
1778．As
a
young
man⑧
he
had
fought
against⑨
the
British
in
the
American
War
of
Independence,
and
he
felt
that
written
English
in
the
newly
independent
United
States
should
have
a
distinctive⑩“American”
look .
◆a
teacher是Noah
Webster的同位语，
who引导定语从句。
So
he
began
his
work
on
American
English.
His
first
book,
The
Elementary
Spelling
Book，suggested simplifying
the
spelling
of
English
words.The
book
was
extremely
popular.By
the
1850s
it
was
selling
one
million
copies
a
year,
making
it
one
of
the
most
popular
school
books
ever .
◆现在分词短语在此处作结果状语。
Many
of
the
suggestions
were
quickly
adopted .Center
instead
of
centre,
program
instead
of
programme,
and
flavor
instead
of
flavour.Others,
however,
such
as
removing
silent
letters
like
the
s
in
island
or
the
final
e
in
examine,
were
not.
Webster
is
best
known
for
his
American
Dictionary
of
the
English
Language，which
first
appeared
in
1828．It
introduced
lots
of
new
American
words,
with
information
about
their
pronunciation
and
use,
and,
of
course,
the
new
spelling.The
British
criticised
the
dictionary,
but
it
quickly
became
a
standardreference
book
in
the
States.Today,
Webster’s
dictionary
is
still
the
number
one
dictionary
for
American
students.
◆which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词American
Dictionary
of
the
English
Language这本书。
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简化拼写的人
在英语中，单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音。所以人们说/raIt/，但是拼写成right或write，甚至rite。字母的组合(如ough)可能有很多发音方式，并且一些单词看上去有太多的字母。
对美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚·韦伯斯特的人，他是一位1778年毕业于耶鲁大学的教师。年轻时，他就参加过反对英国的美国独立战争，并且他觉得书面英语在新独立的美国应该有明显的“美国”特色。
因此他开始了美式英语的工作。他的第一本书，The
Elementary
Spelling
Book，建议简化英语单词的拼写。这本书非常受欢迎。到19世纪50年代，每年售出100万册，结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一。
许多建议很快被采纳了。
center代替了centre,
program代替了programme,
flavor代替了flavour。然而，其他的则没有被采纳，例如去掉不发音的字母，如island中的s和examine中的最后一个字母e。
韦伯斯特最出名的是他的American
Dictionary
of
the
English
Language，这本词典在1828年首次面世。书中引进了大量新的美式单词，且带有它们的发音和用法，当然也有新的拼写方式。英国人批评该词典，但是在美国它却很快成为标准的参考书。今天，韦伯斯特的词典对于美国学生来说依然是头等重要的词典。
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pick
up 拿起；学会；开车接(人)；加快(速度)；接收(信号)；恢复；好转
(教材P7)If
Callum
picked
up
the
local
accent
he
started
to
use
it.
如果卡勒姆“学会”当地口音，他开始使用它。
pick
out 选出；辨别出
[即学即练]——写出下列句中pick
up的含义
①Tom
picked
up
his
mobile
phone
and
wanted
to
make
a
call,
only
to
find
it
hadn’t
any
signal.拿起
②The
taxi
driver
picked
up
the
speed
so
that
I
could
pick
up
my
friend
at
the
airport
in
time.加快(速度)；开车接(人)
③(牛津词典)We
were
able
to
pick
up
the
BBC
World
Service.接收(信号)
④My
friend
began
to
pick
up
after
staying
in
hospital
for
several
days.恢复，好转
⑤(四川卷)It’s
surprising
that
your
brother
picked
up
Russian
so
quickly—he
hasn’t
lived
there
very
long.学会
[链接写作]——完成句子
⑥(四川卷)电影院里如此黑以至于我几乎没有认出我的朋友。
It
was
so
dark
in
the
cinema
that
I
could
hardly__pick__out__my__friend．
⑦你方便四点来接我并送我去机场吗？
Would
it
be
convenient
for
you
to__pick__me__up__at__four__o’clock
and
take
me
to
the
airport
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add v．加，加起来；增添；补充说
(教材P8)Now
add
some
more
ideas
in
favour
of
your
chosen
variety.
现在再增加一些观点来支持你选择的英语变体。
add...to...
往……加入……
add
to
增加，加强；增添
add
up
加起来
add
up
to
总计，总共有
①(浙江卷)Rude
words,
name calling,
and
accusations
only
add
fuel
to
the
emotional
fire.
粗话、辱骂和指责只会火上浇油。
②Add
some
hot
water
if
you
think
the
coffee
is
much
too
strong.
如果你觉得这咖啡太浓，就加点儿热水。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2016·天津卷)The
dictionary
is
out
of
date:
many
words
have
been
added
to
the
language
since
it
was
published.
[链接写作]——完成句子
②共享单车服务使城市的交通更加便利。
The
bike sharing
service
adds__to__the
convenience
of
the
traffic
in
the
city.
③请把这些数字加起来，我确信总数会超过1
000。
Please
add__up
the
numbers
and
I’m
sure
it
will
add__up__to__more__than__1，000.
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in
favour
of 赞同；支持
(教材P8)Now
add
some
more
ideas
in
favour
of
your
chosen
variety.
现在再增加一些观点来支持你选择的英语变体。
do
sb.
a
favour＝do
a
favour
for
sb.
帮某人一个忙
ask
sb.
a
favour＝ask
a
favour
of
sb.
请求某人帮忙
in
one’s
favour
对某人有利，
支持某人
①Not
everyone
was
in
favour
of
this
proposal.
并不是每个人都支持这个倡议。
②No
matter
what
you
do,
I
am
in
favour
of
you.
无论你做什么，我都支持你。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①从他满意的表情我们得出结论，他支持这项计划。
From
his
satisfied
expression，we
came
to
the
conclusion
that
he
was__in__favour__of__the__plan．
②你能帮我一个忙来支持我们吗？如果这样的话，局势会对我们有利。
Could
you
do__me__a__favour/do__a__favour__for__me
to
support
us
If
so,
the
situation
will
be
in__our__favour．
③——我可以请你帮个忙吗？
—Can
I
ask__you__a__favour/ask__a__favour__of__you
——当然可以，说吧！
—Sure,
go
ahead!
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present vt.提出；陈述；介绍；提交；呈递；赠送，呈献
(教材P8)Present
your
ideas
to
the
rest
of
the
class.
把你的观点陈述给班里的其他同学。
(1)present
sth.to
sb.＝present
sb.
with
sth.
把某物赠送/颁发给某人
present
sth.
to
sb.
向……陈述/表达……
(2)present
n.
礼物，赠品；现在，目前
at
present＝at
the
present
time
目前；现在
(3)present
adj.
出席的，在场的；现在的，
当前的
be
present
at
出席……
[即学即练]——写出下列句中present的词性及含义
①The
present
situation
is
taking
a
turn
for
the
better.
adj.当前的
②(浙江卷)Classic
works,
written
by
masters,
present
great
thoughts
through
fascinating
stories
and
language.v.呈现
③(北京卷)All
the
people
present
at
the
party
were
his
supporters.
adj.出席的
④(北京卷)I
was
extremely
interested
in
the
ideas
he
presented
in
class.
vt.陈述；提出
⑤(湖南卷)Whenever
you
buy
a
present,
you
should
think
about
it
from
the
receiver’s
point
of
view.
n．礼物
[链接写作]——完成句子
⑥在教师节，我的学生送给我一些鲜花。
On
Teachers’
Day,
my
students__presented__me__with__some__flowers/presented__some__flowers__to__me．
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)目前，世界上有大约
6
800
种语言。这些语言的分布非常不均匀。
At__present/At__the__present__time,__the
world
has
about
6，800
languages.
The
distribution
of
these
languages
is
hugely
uneven.
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present作形容词，表示“出席的；在场的”意思时，通常作表语或后置定语；表示“现在的，目前的”意思时，通常用作前置定语。
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refer
to...as... 把……称为……
(教材P8)The
Chinese
refer
to
their
language
as
Han,
as
it
became
popular
among
the
people
during
the
Han
Dynasty.
中国人称他们的语言为汉语，因为它是在汉代的时候开始流行的。
(1)refer
to
涉及，提到；查阅，参考
(2)reference
n.
参考，查阅
reference
book
参考书
①The
American
Indians
referred
to
salt
as
“magic
white
sand”．
美洲印第安人把盐称为“有魔力的白沙”。
②Louis
Armstrong
is
referred
to
as
the
King
of
Jazz.
路易斯·阿姆斯特朗被称作“爵士乐之王”。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(2019·重庆高二期中)The
Great
Wall
referred(refer)
to
as
one
of
the
top
10
destinations
in
the
world
is
visited
by
people
from
all
over
the
world.
②I’ve
bought
an
English
dictionary
which
you
can
refer
to
if
you
meet
new
words.
③You’d
better
write
down
the
phone
number
of
that
restaurant
for
future
reference(refer)．
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refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都先双写“r”，再加上“ ed”或“ ing”。类似的词还有prefer。
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attempt vt.尝试；试图 n．尝试；试图；企图
(教材P9)Can
you
see
any
similarities
between
Webster’s
work
and
attempts
to
simplify
Chinese
你能看出韦伯斯特的工作和尝试简化汉语之间的相似之处吗？
(1)attempt
at
doing
sth./to
do
sth.
尝试或努力做某事
(2)make
an
attempt
at
doing/to
do
sth.
尝试或努力做某事
at
one’s
first
attempt
第一次尝试
①In
an
attempt
to
attract
more
customers，they
took
a
variety
of
measures.
为了吸引更多顾客，他们采取了各种措施。
②The
prisoner
attempted
an
escape,
but
failed.
那名犯人企图逃走，但失败了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①(广东卷)For
years
researchers
have
attempted
to__show(show)
that
television
is
dangerous
to
children.
[链接写作]——一句多译
他试图通过考试，但是最后还是失败了。
②He__attempted__at__passing/to__pass__the__exam,__but
he
failed
in
the
end.
(attempt
v．)
③He
made__an__attempt__at__passing/to__pass
the
exam,
but
he
failed
in
the
end.
(attempt
n．)
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thanks
to 幸亏，由于
(教材P9)For
Americans
things
are
a
little
bit
easier,
thanks
to
the
work
of
Noah
Webster，a
teacher
who
graduated
from
Yale
University
in
1778.
对美国人来说，事情(单词拼写)稍微容易些，这多亏了一位叫诺亚·韦伯斯特的人，他是一位1778年毕业于耶鲁大学的教师。
(1)表示“因为”的短语还有：because
of，due
to，owing
to，on
account
of，as
a
result
of等。
(2)上述短语一般在句中只作状语；而due
to除了作状语还可作定语或表语，作状语时一般不位于句首。
①(2016·江苏卷)Many
businesses
started
up
by
college
students
have
taken
off
thanks
to
the
comfortable
climate
for
business
creation.
多亏了舒适的商业创新环境，许多由大学生创办的企业已经成功。
②Thanks
to
your
timely
help,
we
have
finally
finished
it
on
time.
多亏了你的及时帮助，我们才最终准时完成了这项工作。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Owing
to
the
bad
weather，the
plane
had
to
change
its
course.
②As
a
result
of
his
hard
work,
he
defeated
all
the
competitors.
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(教材P9)In
English
the
spelling
of
words
does
not
always
represent
the
sound.
在英语中，单词的拼写并不总是代表其发音。
句中not与always连用表示部分否定。
(1)英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。
(2)英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no
one，nowhere等表否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
①Even
the
wise
are
not
always
free
from
error.
智者千虑，必有一失。
②Nothing
in
the
world
is
difficult
if
one
sets
his
mind
to
it.
世上无难事，只怕有心人。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I
agree
with
most
of
what
you
said,
but
I
don’t
agree
with
everything．
②(重庆卷)The
meeting
will
be
held
in
September,
but
nobody
knows
the
date
for
sure.
[链接写作]——一句多译
并不是所有学生都对英语感兴趣。
③Not__all__the__students__are
interested
in
English.
④All__the__students__are__not
interested
in
English.
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(教材P9)By
the
1850s
it
was
selling
one
million
copies
a
year,
making
it
one
of
the
most
popular
school
books
ever.
到19世纪50年代，每年售出100万册，结果使它成为史上最受欢迎的校园用书之一。
句中making
it
one
of
the
most
popular
school
books
ever为现在分词短语作结果状语。
(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语时常用逗号与主句隔开，是伴随主句谓语动作而产生的一种自然而然的结果。有时在其前加副词thus。
(2)动词不定式作结果状语往往表示出乎意料的结果或不好的结果，而且不定式前常加only。
①(重庆卷)The
news
shocked
the
public,
leading
to
great
concern
about
students’
safety
at
school.
这个消息使公众很震惊，结果导致了对在校学生安全的很大关注。
②(天津卷)He
got
up
late
and
hurried
to
his
office,
leaving
the
breakfast
untouched.
他起晚了，并且急着去上班，结果早饭没吃。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The
car
was
caught
in
a
traffic
jam,
thus
causing(cause)
the
delay.
②a.I
went
from
subway
line
to
subway
line
only__to__find(find)
that
most
service
had
stopped.
b．I
hurried
to
the
station
to
see
my
friend
off,
only
to__be__told(tell)
she
had
left.
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品句填词
1．All
the
people
____________(在场的)
were
all
quite
satisfied
with
his
performance.
答案：present
2．Webster
wrote
a
dictionary
in
order
to
____________(简化)
the
spelling
of
English
words.
答案：simplify
3．Her____________(与众不同的)
voice
made
her
a
famous
singer
after
many
years’
hard
work.
答案：distinctive
4．He
____________(批评)
me
for
that
I
did
not
complete
the
work
in
time.
答案：criticised
5．The
climbers
____________(努力)
to
reach
the
top
of
the
mountain,
but
failed.
答案：attempted
6．After
the
president
made
an
official
____________(声明),
she
expressed
her
personal
opinion.
答案：announcement
7．The
questions
in
the
tests
are
more
and
more
flexible
and
many
of
them
don’t
have
____________(标准的)answers.
答案：standard
8．Keep
the
dictionary
on
your
desk
for
your____________(查阅)．
答案：reference
语法填空
As
a
boy,
Charles
Darwin
showed
a
great
interest
in
living
things.
He
loved
to
walk
through
the
woods,
1.____________(look)
at
plants
and
birds.
At
the
age
of
8,
Darwin
2.____________(send)
to
school,
where
he
studied
Latin,
classical
literature
and
ancient
history.
Young
Darwin
thought
that
these
subjects
were
boring
and
useless.
He
preferred
3.____________(science)
studies.
As
a
result,
he
did
4.____________(poor)
in
his
school
lessons.
In
1928,
Darwin’s
father,
who
was
very
strict
5.____________
his
son,
sent
him
to
Cambridge
and
he
became
a
student
of
Professor
John
Henslow.
Upon
graduation,
Professor
Henslow
asked
him
6.____________(go)
with
Captain
Fitzroy
on
a
survey
trip
around
the
world.
During
the
voyage,
Darwin
collected
rocks,
bones
and
7.____________(insect)．He
noted
what
he
observed.
The
widely
8.____________(accept)
theory
in
those
days
was
that
God
created
all
the
creatures
on
earth.
In
1859,
Darwin
published
his
famous
book,
The
Origin
of
Species,
in
9.____________
he
explained
his
famous
Theory
of
Evolution(进化)．
Today,
Charles
Darwin
is
recognized
as
one
of
10.____________
greatest
scientists
the
world
has
ever
seen
for
his
great
achievements.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了世界著名生物学家达尔文的生平事迹。
1．looking 解析：looking
at
plants
and
birds是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况或方式(分词动作look与逻辑主语之间是主动关系)。
2．was
sent 解析：主语Darwin是动作send的承受者，用被动语态；这里说的是过去的事，用一般过去时。
3．scientific 解析：空白处所填词在句中作定语，修饰名词studies，故用其形容词形式。
4．poorly 解析：空白处所填词在句中修饰整个句子，故用其副词形式。
5．with 解析：be
strict
with
sb.意为“对某人要求严格”。
6．to
go 解析：ask
sb.
to
do
sth.意为“让某人做某事”。
7．insects 解析：根据空前的rocks和bones可知，此处填insect的复数形式。
8．accepted 解析：过去分词accepted作定语，修饰theory(分词动作accept与被修饰词theory之间是被动关系)。
9．which 解析：in
which
he
explained
his
famous
Theory
of
Evolution是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词his
famous
book。
10．the 解析：形容词最高级前习惯多用定冠词。
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单句语法填空
1．—How
about
your
trip
to
Beijing
during
the
2018
summer
vacation
—Oh,
thanks
____________
the
fine
weather,
we
enjoyed
ourselves
indeed.
答案：to
2．Younger
generations
love
to
share
things
online,
such
as
photos,
music,
etc.,
so
they’ve
got
used
to____________(talk)．
答案：talking
3．I
think
it
is
really
a
waste
of
money
for
you
to
buy
famous
brands.
Besides,
it
will
also
add
____________
the
burden
of
your
parents.
答案：to
4．She
took
a
complex
topic
and
____________(simple)
it
in
a
way
that
we
could
all
understand.
答案：simplified
5．The
book
____________(refer)
to
by
the
psychology
expert
teaches
you
how
to
find
out
____________
is
causing
the
stress
in
your
life.
答案：referred；what
6．The
boy
didn’t
study
hard,
thus
____________(fail)
to
pass
the
2019
college
entrance
examination.
答案：failing
7．Could
you
do
me
____________
favour
and
pick
____________
Sam
from
school
today
答案：a；up
8．He
attempted
____________(finish)
the
task
in
advance，but
he
failed
in
the
end.
答案：to
finish
9．The
ideas
____________(present)
by
our
manager
in
the
meeting
sound
reasonable.
答案：presented
10．We
don’t
have
enough
books
for
____________；
some
of
you
will
have
to
share.
答案：everybody
阅读理解
Learning
English
as
the
second
language
for
non native
English
speakers
is
not
an
easy
task.It
needs
to
spend
a
considerable
time
before
you
could
speak
or
write
the
English
language.There
are
only
two
ways
to
learn
the
English
language
or
any
other
language
you
prefer.
The
first
one
needs
a
lot
of
money
because
of
the
requirements
needed.If
you
notice,
a
person
migrated(移民)
to
another
country
and
stayed
there
for
a
couple
of
years
and
then
went
back
to
his
home
non native
speaking
country,
the
person
became
so
familiar
in
speaking
English.This
is
the
most
effective
way
of
learning
to
speak
and
write
a
language
unfamiliar
to
you.
The
learner
learns
the
language
because
he/she
is
forced
to
do
so
because
there
is
no
other
language
being
used.Not
to
mention
that,
the
learner
should
adapt
to
the
environment.It
is
all
started
from
listening.This
is
the
process
how
language
is
acquired
if
you
will
stay
long
in
a
foreign
country.
The
second
one
is
the
traditional
way.You
go
to
school
or
learning
center
specialized
in
teaching
English
as
the
second
language.Obviously,
this
is
cheaper
than
the
first,
but
it
needs
a
considerable
time
before
you
will
learn
to
familiarize
the
language.Today,
there
are
different
language
centers
offering
their
services
for
people
to
learn
the
language
in
your
own
country.They
brought
all
the
materials
needed
because,
compared
to
the
first
one,
they’re
affordable
and
reasonable.
Nowadays,
learning
English
as
the
second
language
is
one
of
the
global
trends.
Since
the
English
language
is
used
in
most
of
the
business
transactions
you
should
be
on
it
too.Otherwise
you
will
not
go
along
with
the
future
trends
that
will
arise.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了学习英语的两种方法。一种是到说英语的国家生活几年，在这种环境下会很快学好这门语言，但这种方法费用太高了；另一种是传统的学习方式，在学校花大量时间学习或上培训班，这是种费时但大部分人都负担得起的方式。无论怎样，学习英语是大势所趋，是未来工作的需要。
1．The
most
effective
way
of
learning
a
second
language
is
to
________.
A．learn
from
the
native
speakers
B．spend
a
lot
of
time
C．open
your
mouth
to
practice
more
D．live
in
the
speaking
country
several
days
A 解析：细节理解题。从第二段的第二句话和最后一句话可知选A。
2．Now
an
affordable
way
to
learn
a
foreign
language
but
not
to
go
abroad
is
to
________.
A．go
to
a
foreign
language
school
B．study
in
a
language
center
C．communicate
with
more
people
D．invite
a
foreigner
as
a
teacher
B 解析：细节理解题。从第四段的第四句“Today,
there
are
different
language
centers
offering
their
services...”可知选B。
3．The
last
paragraph
mainly
tells
us
________.
A．the
global
trends
of
the
present
world
B．the
difficulty
of
learning
a
second
language
C．the
most
important
way
of
learning
a
second
language
D．the
importance
of
learning
a
second
language
D 解析：段落大意题。最后一段说明了学习第二语言是当今的一个趋势，是人人都应该做的，否则就跟不上时代的潮流了。所以这一段主要告诉我们学习第二语言的重要性。
4．From
the
passage
we
can
learn
________.
A．learning
foreign
languages
is
easy
B．there
are
many
ways
to
learn
foreign
languages
C．family
environment
is
very
helpful
for
learning
foreign
languages
D．learning
foreign
languages
is
good
for
your
future
career
D 解析：推理判断题。从最后一段可以判断出学习好外语对将来的就业很有好处；从第一段的第一句话可以看出A项不正确；从第一段的最后一句话可以判断B项不正确；环境对语言学习很重要，但不是家庭环境，故C项不正确。
完形填空
Throughout
history,
people
have
been
interested
in
knowing
how
language
first
began,
but
no
one
knows
exactly
where
or
how
this
happened.
__1__，
we
do
know
a
lot
about
__2__，
the
languages
of
today
and
also
the
languages
of
__3__
times.
There
are
__4__
about
three
thousand
languages
in
the
world
today.
Chinese
is
the
language
__5__
the
most
speakers.
English,
Russian
and
Spanish
are
also
spoken
by
many
millions
of
people.
__6__，
some
languages
in
the
world
have
less
than
one
hundred
speakers.
There
are
several
important
__7__
of
languages
in
the
world.
For
example,
most
of
the
languages
of
__8__
are
in
one
large
family
called
the
Indo European
language
family.
The
__9__
language
of
this
family
was
spoken
about
4，500
years
__10__.
Many
of
the
present
languages
of
Europe
and
India
are
modern
__11__
of
the
languages
of
4，500
years
ago.
Languages
are
__12__
changing.
The
English
of
today
is
very
different
__13__
the
English
of
500
years
ago.
In
time
some
even
__14__
completely.
About
1，000
years
ago
__15__
was
a
little known
relative
of
German
__16__
on
one
of
the
borders(边界)
of
Europe.
If
a
language
has
__17__
speakers
or
if
it
is
very
old,
there
may
be
__18__
in
the
way
it
is
spoken
in
different
areas.
__19__，
the
language
may
have
several
dialects.
Chinese
is
a
good
example
of
dialect
differences.
Chinese
has
been
spoken
for
thousands
of
years
by
many
millions
of
speakers.
The
differences
among
the
dialects
of
Chinese
are
so
great
that
speakers
of
Chinese
from
some
parts
of
China
__20__
understand
speakers
from
other
parts.
【解题导语】 虽然人们没有找到语言形成的准确时间和地点以及具体形成过程，但是我们对世界上现存的语言还是了解不少的。
1．A.But
B．So
C．However
D．Besides
C 解析：语言的起源一直是人们感兴趣的事情，但是没人确切地知道语言的起源究竟是怎样的。然而，我们还是对语言了解许多的。but后不能出现逗号。
2．A.English
B．history
C．Chinese
D．languages
D 解析：由上下文可知全文一直是在讲对语言的认识，而不单纯是对汉语或英语的认识。
3．A.earlier
B．later
C．modern
D．hard
A 解析：人们对现在的语言以及更早的语言有所了解。由上下文可知此处与today对应。
4．A.possible
B．probably
C．likely
D．impossibly
B 解析：当今世界上大约有三千种语言。此处应用副词，排除A、C两项；根据句意排除D项。
5．A.for
B．with
C．in
D．of
B 解析：由with引导的介词短语作定语，修饰language，表示“汉语是使用人数最多的一种语言”。
6．A.In
a
word
B．On
the
one
hand
C．What’s
more
D．On
the
other
hand
D 解析：上文提出汉语是使用人数最多的一种语言，接着又说英语、俄语和西班牙语也有数百万人使用，后文话锋一转讲到，还有不到一百人使用的语言，所以此处用on
the
other
hand。
7．A.forms
B．systems
C．families
D．changes
C 解析：由后面的内容可知语言有几大语系，用families表示。下文的“one
large
family”也是提示。
8．A.Europe
B．Asia
C．Africa
D．America
A 解析：由后面的“Indo European
language
family”可知，欧洲的大多数语言都属于一个大的语系——印欧语系。
9．A.obvious
B．original
C．confusing
D．distinctive
B 解析：original“原始的，起初的”；obvious“显而易见的”；confusing“令人困惑的”；distinctive“与众不同的”。根据句意选B。
10．A.before
B．ago
C．later
D．old
B 解析：由前面的“was
spoken”可知，此处应该用与一般过去时连用的ago。before用于过去完成时的句子中。
11．A.times
B．families
C．forms
D．members
C 解析：现在印度与欧洲的一些语言实际上就是4
500年以前的语言的现代形式(forms)。
12．A.always
B．seldom
C．often
D．sometimes
A 解析：由下文可知，语言一直都在发展变化。always与现在进行时态连用表示“总是”。
13．A.about
B．with
C．between
D．from
D 解析：be
different
from“与……不同”，为固定短语。
14．A.die
out
B．die
away
C．die
down
D．die
off
A 解析：经过一段时间，有些语言完全消失了。die
out“灭绝；消失”。die
away“逐渐模糊，逐渐减弱”；die
down“逐渐变弱，暗淡”；die
off“相继死去”。
15．A.Spanish
B．English
C．Chinese
D．Russian
B 解析：大约一千年前的英语还与当时欧洲某边界处的人们讲的德语有亲戚关系。
16．A.called
B．told
C．spoken
D．named
C 解析：表示“讲(某种语言)”用speak，此处用过去分词作定语表示被动。
17．A.a
great
deal
of
B．a
few
C．a
little
D．a
lot
of
D 解析：如果讲某种语言的人多或某种语言很古老，那么不同地区人们说话的方式就有差别。A、C两项只修饰不可数名词；a
few表示“几个”，意义不符。
18．A.speakers
B．differences
C．importance
D．changes
B 解析：由上文可知此处指人们说话方式的不同且用复数形式，故选B项。
19．A.That
is
B．Therefore
C．In
fact
D．However
A 解析：此处是对上文的说明：也就是说(that
is)，一种语言可能有几种方言。
20．A.mustn’t
B．may
not
C．won’t
D．can’t
D 解析：汉语方言的差别如此之大，以至于国内来自不同地区的人都无法相互沟通。此处表示“不会，不能”，故用can’t。INCLUDEPICTURE"知能演练轻松闯关.TIF"
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品句填词
1．He
answered
our
questions
in
English
but
with
a
thick
____________(口音)．
答案：accent
2．____________(比较)
Tom
with
other
athletes,
you
will
find
that
Tom
has
the
perfect
body
shape
for
a
swimmer.
答案：Comparing
3．It
is
____________(显而易见的)
that
she
is
very
clever
because
she
can
work
out
such
a
difficult
problem.
答案：obvious
4．Her
letter
was
so
____________(令人困惑的)
that
I
could
hardly
make
any
sense
of
it.
答案：confusing
5．The
customers
made
a
number
of
rude
____________(评论)
about
the
goods
on
sale.
答案：remarks
6．All
____________(种类)
of
goods
for
daily
use
are
available
in
the
shopping
mall.
答案：varieties
7．Chinese
____________(不同)
greatly
from
Japanese
in
pronunciation,
so
it
is
difficult
to
learn
this
language
well.
答案：differs
8．To
my
delight，the
students
worked
very
hard
and
were
making
progress
____________(不断地；持续地)．
答案：steadily
9．The
students
majoring
in
medicine
must
study
the
____________(结构)
of
the
human
body.
答案：structure
10．Early
____________(定居者)
from
Europe
settled
on
the
coast
of
the
Pacific
Ocean
and
built
some
houses.
答案：settlers
课文语法填空
British
English
1.____________(difference)
from
American
English
in
many
ways.
The
most
obvious
way
is
in
the
vocabulary.
Sometimes,
the
same
word
has
a
2.____________(slight)
different
meaning,
which
can
be
3.____________(confuse)．Besides,
there
are
some
differences
in
grammar，spelling
and
pronunciation
between
the
two
varieties,
4.____________
sometimes
makes
people
from
different
places
have
5.____________(difficult)
in
understanding
each
other.
Despite
the
differences,
they
still
have
much
6.____________
common,
and
communications
across
the
Atlantic
7.____________(develop)
steadily,
which
has
led
to
them
8.____________(move)
closer.
Though
there
seem
to
be
many
“Englishes”
and
people
speak
English
with
different
9.____________(accent),
users
of
English
will
all
be
able
to
understand
each
other,
10.____________
they
are.
答案：1.differs 2.slightly 3.confusing 4.which
5．difficulty 6.in 7.have
developed 8.moving
9．accents 10.wherever
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单句语法填空
1．The
____________(confuse)
directions
on
the
bottle
made
me
not
take
the
medicine.
答案：confusing
2．____________
the
two
boys,
we
found
that
Tom
is
more
careful.
But
____________
with
Tom’s
brother,
Tom
is
less
careful.(compare)
答案：Comparing；compared
3．(2016·浙江卷6月)In
many
ways,
the
education
system
in
the
US
is
not
very
different
____________
that
in
the
UK.
答案：from
4．The
rain
made
it
more
difficult
for
us
____________(finish)
the
work
on
time.
答案：to
finish
5．We
should
put
aside
our
differences
and
discuss
the
things
we
have
____________
common.
答案：in
6．It
doesn’t
make
much
of
____________difference
whether
you
go
to
Beijing
by
plane
or
by
train,
because
both
are
very
convenient.
答案：a
7．My
brother
likes
playing
football
after
school
____________
I
like
playing
volleyball.
答案：while
8．As
far
as
I
know,
it
was
the
car
accident
due
to
drunk
driving
that
led
to
his
______________(kill)．
答案：being
killed
9．I
saw
them
whisper
to
each
other;
____________(obvious),
they
didn’t
want
to
be
heard
by
others.
答案：obviously
10．You
can
imagine
what
great
difficulty
I
had
____________(express)
these
ideas
in
simple
English.
答案：expressing
阅读理解
A
In
Asia,
there
are
many
places
for
people
to
go
to
teach
English.Most
of
the
teachers
are
young
and
sociable,
and
there
are
a
lot
of
parties
there.Korea
is
usually
the
place
where
most
people
go,
because
they
have
the
most
benefits
and
highest
salaries
by
working
only
twenty
hours
a
week.Japan
is
also
a
good
choice,
but
only
if
you
stay
there
for
a
long
time
will
you
save
some
money.
China
is
a
new
rising
star
and
lots
of
people
are
going
there.Like
Japan，the
pay
is
quite
good，but
the
cost
of
living
in
China
is
much
cheaper.You
can
save
a
sizable
amount
and
complete
all
your
loans
back
home.Besides，Chinese
people
are
enterprising(有进取心的)
and
you
can
learn
a
lot
from
them.
The
Middle
East
offers
very
high
salaries
and
great
packages
for
teachers,
all
of
which
is
tax
free.However,
you
must
be
a
certified
teacher
and
have
a
few
years’
experience
if
you
want
to
teach
there.Most
of
the
people
who
tend
to
teach
there
are
older
and
more
conservative,__so
they
don’t
expect
a
party
scene.
Italy
and
Spain
are
two
beautiful
countries
where
you
can
try
your
fortune.Fashion
industry
in
Milan
would
love
to
hire
well known
English speaking
people
to
work
with
international
models
and
designers.Tourism
is
another
industry
in
these
countries，where
English
knowledge
is
useful.Moreover,
by
teaching
in
Europe
you
have
the
ability
to
travel
every
weekend
to
a
new
country
and
visit
a
new
culture
besides
a
good
salary.Europe
has
a
lot
to
offer.
Teaching
English
overseas
is
a
really
rewarding
experience.It
is
a
great
way
for
people
to
see
a
new
place，and
these
countries
and
places
are
great
places
for
you
to
go
if
you
are
interested.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了一些适合做英语外教的国家或地区。
1．Why
does
saving
money
in
Japan
take
more
time
A．It
offers
a
lower
salary.
B．Its
cost
of
living
is
higher.
C．It
offers
fewer
English
classes.
D．You
have
to
pay
a
lot
of
tax.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Like
Japan,
the
pay
is
quite
good,
but
the
cost
of
living
in
China
is
much
cheaper.”可推知在日本教英语需要较长的时间才能积攒到钱的原因是那里的生活成本太高。
2．What
does
the
underlined
word
“conservative”
(in
Para.3)
probably
mean
A．Knowledgeable.
B．Unfriendly.
C．Unsociable.
D．Boring.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“...so
they
don’t
expect
a
party
scene.”这一因果关系可知年纪大的人不太爱交际，所以不愿意参加一些社交活动。故C项符合题意。
3．The
common
thing
among
the
countries
and
areas
mentioned
is
that
________．
A．they
all
offer
a
good
salary
B．English
teachers
only
work
20
hours
a
week
C．teaching
experience
is
not
quite
necessary
D．they
offer
chances
to
meet
with
famous
models
A 解析：推理判断题。文章介绍到的每一个国家或地区都提到给予很高的报酬，因此答案为A；选项B中涉及的是韩国；选项C的错误在于中东地区对老师的学位和教学经验有要求；选项D的错误在于只有在提到米兰时才说到有机会与著名模特或服装设计师共事。
4．What
is
the
purpose
of
the
passage
A．To
explain
the
benefits
of
teaching
English
abroad.
B．To
teach
how
to
enjoy
yourself
when
you
teach
English
abroad.
C．To
compare
the
places
where
English
teaching
is
popular.
D．To
recommend
some
places
to
those
who
want
to
teach
English
abroad.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据文章第一句话“In
Asia,
there
are
many
places
for
people
to
go
to
teach
English.”以及每一段中提到的适合教英语的国家或地区可知答案为D。
B
(2019·福建泉港一中高二期中)One
spring,
when
I
was
10,
during
one
of
my
father’s
layoffs(失业),
I
could
tell
my
mother
was
unhappy.I
decided
to
cheer
her
up
by
buying
her
a
special
Mother’s
Day
gift.
One
day
after
school
I
rode
my
bike
to
the
Agins，which,
I
learned
years
later，was
known
for
its
high end
fashions
and
styles.I
introduced
myself
to
Sylvia
Agins，telling
her
I
was
looking
for
a
Mother’s
Day
present.
“Do
you
think
she’d
like
a
purse？”she
asked.“I
thought
she
might，”
I
told
her.
She
took
out
an
Italian
handbag
made
of
leather.She
asked
me
what
I
thought,
and
I
told
her
that
my
mom
would
like
it.
“How
much
money
do
you
have？”
she
asked.
“Twelve
dollars，”
I
said.
“You’re
in
luck，”
she
told
me.“It’s
only
$11.You
have
a
dollar
left
over
for
the
card.”
She
gift wrapped
the
purse
and
thanked
me
for
my
business,
and
I
rode
off
home
with
the
package
under
my
arm.
When
my
mother
opened
the
gift
the
next
Sunday
morning,
she
asked
in
an
accusing
tone，“Where
did
you
get
this？”
“I
bought
it
at
the
Agins.It
cost
me
$11，”
I
said.
My
mother
was
shocked
into
silence.
It
wasn’t
until
many
years
later，when
I
learned
that
the
purse
was
worth
several
hundred
dollars，that
I
appreciated
just
how
wonderful
Sylvia
Agins
had
been
to
me.I
always
felt
bad
that
I
never
had
a
chance
to
properly
thank
her.
“You
know，my
son，what
really
amazes
me
to
this
day，”
my
mother
said.“Letting
you
have
the
purse
for
just
a
few
dollars
was
unbelievable
enough.But
the
fact
that
she
let
you
leave
the
store
with
a
dollar
for
the
card
was
a
touch
of
kindness
that
I’ll
never
forget.”
【解题导语】 因为想逗因父亲失业而心情低落的母亲开心，作者决定送母亲一个特别的母亲节礼物。了解情况后的店主Sylvia
Agins将价值几百美元的钱包以11美元的价格出售给了作者，并给他余一美元来给母亲买卡片。这一暖心举动让作者和他的母亲感动不已。
5．The
author
bought
his
mother
a
purse
to
________．
A．make
his
mother
happy
B．surprise
his
mother
C．show
his
ability
of
making
money
D．thank
his
mother
for
buying
him
a
bike
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...my
mother
was
unhappy.I
decided
to
cheer
her
up
by
buying
her
a
special
Mother’s
Day
gift.”可知，作者想送给妈妈一个特别的母亲节礼物让她开心，故选A。
6．Why
was
the
author’s
mother
shocked
into
silence
A．She
wasn’t
expecting
a
gift
from
her
son.
B．The
purse
was
bought
from
the
Agins.
C．The
author
bought
a
card
to
go
with
the
purse.
D．The
Agins
charged
so
little
money
for
the
purse.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据“‘I
bought
it
at
the
Agins.It
cost
me
$11，’I
said.My
mother
was
shocked
into
silence.”可知，妈妈被钱包如此低的价格吓到了，故选D。
7．Sylvia
Agins’
behavior
shows
that
________．
A．she
is
good
at
making
money
B．she
is
kind
and
thoughtful
C．she
knows
how
to
choose
presents
D．she
is
critical
and
mean
B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“when
I
learned
that
the
purse
was
worth
several
hundred
dollars，that
I
appreciated
just
how
wonderful
Sylvia
Agins
had
been
to
me”及最后一段最后一句可知，Sylvia
Agins把价值几百美元的钱包便宜卖给了作者，而且还给作者留下买卡片的钱，说明她很善良，很体贴，故选B。
8．Which
of
the
following
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage
A．An
Unforgettable
Event
B．A
Priceless
Mother’s
Day
Gift
C．A
Considerate
Mother
D．A
Kind hearted
Shop
Owner
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“I
decided
to
cheer
her
up
by
buying
her
a
special
Mother’s
Day
gift.”和倒数第二段中的“when
I
learned
that
the
purse
was
worth
several
hundred
dollars,
that
I
appreciated
just
how
wonderful
Sylvia
Agins
had
been
to
me”及最后一段可知，文章主要讲的是作者想给妈妈买母亲节礼物，店主Sylvia
Agins以特价便宜卖给作者一个钱包，这个钱包包含着她的善意，因此是无价的，故选B。
七选五
If
you
learn
a
new
language,
you
will
expand
your
horizon(视野)
and
improve
your
intellect
at
the
same
time.
Whether
you
want
to
pick
up
a
new
hobby,
communicate
better
with
a
new
friend
or
challenge
your
intellect,
mastering
a
new
language
will
most
definitely
be
an
advantage
to
you.
1．________
Be
open minded
and
flexible
to
understand
a
culture
that
is
different
from
your
own.
Break
the
language
barriers.
Though
we
may
have
different
native
tongues,
we
are
all
the
same
by
nature.
Language
is
all
connected.
Many
careers
consider
it
an
advantage
if
you
are
fluent
in
a
second
language.
2.________
In
a
global
market,
you’ll
be
very
useful
for
your
company
or
organization
if
you
are
multilingual.
3．________
Learning
a
new
language
is
a
good
way
to
improve
brain
function.
Learning
a
foreign
language
has
been
shown
to
improve
critical
thinking
skills,
creativity
and
flexibility
of
the
mind.
As
a
result,
students
who
learn
a
new
language
have
been
shown
to
do
better
in
other
subjects.
4．________
Aside
from
hotels
and
typical
tourist
sites,
it
is
good
to
speak
at
least
some
of
the
local
language.
You
get
more
out
of
your
trip
and
you
will
be
able
to
benefit
from
the
entire
cultural
experience.
You
gain
much
more
in
picking
up
another
language.
So
register
for
a
language
class
or
study
in
your
spare
time.5.________
A．Your
language
skills
will
prove
quite
valuable.
B．Learning
a
foreign
language
does
have
a
lot
of
benefits.
C．Don’t
make
the
classic
mistakes
when
learning
a
new
language.
D．Travel
lovers
are
encouraged
to
study
a
language
while
touring
abroad.
E．Learning
a
foreign
language
isn’t
difficult.
F．In
learning
a
foreign
language
we
are
also
learning
to
appreciate
cultural
diversity.
G．Your
study
of
language
can
also
increase
your
creativity
and
improve
your
intelligence.
【解题导语】 文章主要介绍了学习外语的好处和途径。
1．F 解析：根据下句Be
open minded
and
flexible
to
understand
a
culture
that
is
different
from
your
own.可知本句涉及文化，故上句一定和文化有关，F选项中appreciate
cultural
diversity与下文相符，故选F项。
2．A 解析：根据consider
it
an
advantage及you’ll
be
very
useful
for
your
company
or
organization
if
you
are
multilingual可知外语很有用，很有价值。
3．G 解析：根据下文Learning
a
new
language
is
a
good
way
to
improve
brain
function.
Learning
a
foreign
language
has
been
shown
to
improve
critical
thinking
skills,
creativity
and
flexibility
of
the
mind.可知学习外语也能提高你的智力和创造力，故选G。
4．D 解析：根据下文Aside
from
hotels
and
typical
tourist
sites,
it
is
good
to
speak
at
least
some
of
the
local
language.可知此处鼓励旅游爱好者学外语。
5．B 解析：根据上文You
gain
much
more
in
picking
up
another
language.可知学习外语确实有很多益处。INCLUDEPICTURE"知能演练轻松闯关.TIF"
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品句填词
1．All
the
people
____________(在场的)
were
all
quite
satisfied
with
his
performance.
答案：present
2．Webster
wrote
a
dictionary
in
order
to
____________(简化)
the
spelling
of
English
words.
答案：simplify
3．Her____________(与众不同的)
voice
made
her
a
famous
singer
after
many
years’
hard
work.
答案：distinctive
4．He
____________(批评)
me
for
that
I
did
not
complete
the
work
in
time.
答案：criticised
5．The
climbers
____________(努力)
to
reach
the
top
of
the
mountain,
but
failed.
答案：attempted
6．After
the
president
made
an
official
____________(声明),
she
expressed
her
personal
opinion.
答案：announcement
7．The
questions
in
the
tests
are
more
and
more
flexible
and
many
of
them
don’t
have
____________(标准的)answers.
答案：standard
8．Keep
the
dictionary
on
your
desk
for
your____________(查阅)．
答案：reference
语法填空
As
a
boy,
Charles
Darwin
showed
a
great
interest
in
living
things.
He
loved
to
walk
through
the
woods,
1.____________(look)
at
plants
and
birds.
At
the
age
of
8,
Darwin
2.____________(send)
to
school,
where
he
studied
Latin,
classical
literature
and
ancient
history.
Young
Darwin
thought
that
these
subjects
were
boring
and
useless.
He
preferred
3.____________(science)
studies.
As
a
result,
he
did
4.____________(poor)
in
his
school
lessons.
In
1928,
Darwin’s
father,
who
was
very
strict
5.____________
his
son,
sent
him
to
Cambridge
and
he
became
a
student
of
Professor
John
Henslow.
Upon
graduation,
Professor
Henslow
asked
him
6.____________(go)
with
Captain
Fitzroy
on
a
survey
trip
around
the
world.
During
the
voyage,
Darwin
collected
rocks,
bones
and
7.____________(insect)．He
noted
what
he
observed.
The
widely
8.____________(accept)
theory
in
those
days
was
that
God
created
all
the
creatures
on
earth.
In
1859,
Darwin
published
his
famous
book,
The
Origin
of
Species,
in
9.____________
he
explained
his
famous
Theory
of
Evolution(进化)．
Today,
Charles
Darwin
is
recognized
as
one
of
10.____________
greatest
scientists
the
world
has
ever
seen
for
his
great
achievements.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了世界著名生物学家达尔文的生平事迹。
1．looking 解析：looking
at
plants
and
birds是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况或方式(分词动作look与逻辑主语之间是主动关系)。
2．was
sent 解析：主语Darwin是动作send的承受者，用被动语态；这里说的是过去的事，用一般过去时。
3．scientific 解析：空白处所填词在句中作定语，修饰名词studies，故用其形容词形式。
4．poorly 解析：空白处所填词在句中修饰整个句子，故用其副词形式。
5．with 解析：be
strict
with
sb.意为“对某人要求严格”。
6．to
go 解析：ask
sb.
to
do
sth.意为“让某人做某事”。
7．insects 解析：根据空前的rocks和bones可知，此处填insect的复数形式。
8．accepted 解析：过去分词accepted作定语，修饰theory(分词动作accept与被修饰词theory之间是被动关系)。
9．which 解析：in
which
he
explained
his
famous
Theory
of
Evolution是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词his
famous
book。
10．the 解析：形容词最高级前习惯多用定冠词。
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单句语法填空
1．—How
about
your
trip
to
Beijing
during
the
2018
summer
vacation
—Oh,
thanks
____________
the
fine
weather,
we
enjoyed
ourselves
indeed.
答案：to
2．Younger
generations
love
to
share
things
online,
such
as
photos,
music,
etc.,
so
they’ve
got
used
to____________(talk)．
答案：talking
3．I
think
it
is
really
a
waste
of
money
for
you
to
buy
famous
brands.
Besides,
it
will
also
add
____________
the
burden
of
your
parents.
答案：to
4．She
took
a
complex
topic
and
____________(simple)
it
in
a
way
that
we
could
all
understand.
答案：simplified
5．The
book
____________(refer)
to
by
the
psychology
expert
teaches
you
how
to
find
out
____________
is
causing
the
stress
in
your
life.
答案：referred；what
6．The
boy
didn’t
study
hard,
thus
____________(fail)
to
pass
the
2019
college
entrance
examination.
答案：failing
7．Could
you
do
me
____________
favour
and
pick
____________
Sam
from
school
today
答案：a；up
8．He
attempted
____________(finish)
the
task
in
advance，but
he
failed
in
the
end.
答案：to
finish
9．The
ideas
____________(present)
by
our
manager
in
the
meeting
sound
reasonable.
答案：presented
10．We
don’t
have
enough
books
for
____________；
some
of
you
will
have
to
share.
答案：everybody
阅读理解
Learning
English
as
the
second
language
for
non native
English
speakers
is
not
an
easy
task.It
needs
to
spend
a
considerable
time
before
you
could
speak
or
write
the
English
language.There
are
only
two
ways
to
learn
the
English
language
or
any
other
language
you
prefer.
The
first
one
needs
a
lot
of
money
because
of
the
requirements
needed.If
you
notice,
a
person
migrated(移民)
to
another
country
and
stayed
there
for
a
couple
of
years
and
then
went
back
to
his
home
non native
speaking
country,
the
person
became
so
familiar
in
speaking
English.This
is
the
most
effective
way
of
learning
to
speak
and
write
a
language
unfamiliar
to
you.
The
learner
learns
the
language
because
he/she
is
forced
to
do
so
because
there
is
no
other
language
being
used.Not
to
mention
that,
the
learner
should
adapt
to
the
environment.It
is
all
started
from
listening.This
is
the
process
how
language
is
acquired
if
you
will
stay
long
in
a
foreign
country.
The
second
one
is
the
traditional
way.You
go
to
school
or
learning
center
specialized
in
teaching
English
as
the
second
language.Obviously,
this
is
cheaper
than
the
first,
but
it
needs
a
considerable
time
before
you
will
learn
to
familiarize
the
language.Today,
there
are
different
language
centers
offering
their
services
for
people
to
learn
the
language
in
your
own
country.They
brought
all
the
materials
needed
because,
compared
to
the
first
one,
they’re
affordable
and
reasonable.
Nowadays,
learning
English
as
the
second
language
is
one
of
the
global
trends.
Since
the
English
language
is
used
in
most
of
the
business
transactions
you
should
be
on
it
too.Otherwise
you
will
not
go
along
with
the
future
trends
that
will
arise.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了学习英语的两种方法。一种是到说英语的国家生活几年，在这种环境下会很快学好这门语言，但这种方法费用太高了；另一种是传统的学习方式，在学校花大量时间学习或上培训班，这是种费时但大部分人都负担得起的方式。无论怎样，学习英语是大势所趋，是未来工作的需要。
1．The
most
effective
way
of
learning
a
second
language
is
to
________.
A．learn
from
the
native
speakers
B．spend
a
lot
of
time
C．open
your
mouth
to
practice
more
D．live
in
the
speaking
country
several
days
A 解析：细节理解题。从第二段的第二句话和最后一句话可知选A。
2．Now
an
affordable
way
to
learn
a
foreign
language
but
not
to
go
abroad
is
to
________.
A．go
to
a
foreign
language
school
B．study
in
a
language
center
C．communicate
with
more
people
D．invite
a
foreigner
as
a
teacher
B 解析：细节理解题。从第四段的第四句“Today,
there
are
different
language
centers
offering
their
services...”可知选B。
3．The
last
paragraph
mainly
tells
us
________.
A．the
global
trends
of
the
present
world
B．the
difficulty
of
learning
a
second
language
C．the
most
important
way
of
learning
a
second
language
D．the
importance
of
learning
a
second
language
D 解析：段落大意题。最后一段说明了学习第二语言是当今的一个趋势，是人人都应该做的，否则就跟不上时代的潮流了。所以这一段主要告诉我们学习第二语言的重要性。
4．From
the
passage
we
can
learn
________.
A．learning
foreign
languages
is
easy
B．there
are
many
ways
to
learn
foreign
languages
C．family
environment
is
very
helpful
for
learning
foreign
languages
D．learning
foreign
languages
is
good
for
your
future
career
D 解析：推理判断题。从最后一段可以判断出学习好外语对将来的就业很有好处；从第一段的第一句话可以看出A项不正确；从第一段的最后一句话可以判断B项不正确；环境对语言学习很重要，但不是家庭环境，故C项不正确。
完形填空
Throughout
history,
people
have
been
interested
in
knowing
how
language
first
began,
but
no
one
knows
exactly
where
or
how
this
happened.
__1__，
we
do
know
a
lot
about
__2__，
the
languages
of
today
and
also
the
languages
of
__3__
times.
There
are
__4__
about
three
thousand
languages
in
the
world
today.
Chinese
is
the
language
__5__
the
most
speakers.
English,
Russian
and
Spanish
are
also
spoken
by
many
millions
of
people.
__6__，
some
languages
in
the
world
have
less
than
one
hundred
speakers.
There
are
several
important
__7__
of
languages
in
the
world.
For
example,
most
of
the
languages
of
__8__
are
in
one
large
family
called
the
Indo European
language
family.
The
__9__
language
of
this
family
was
spoken
about
4，500
years
__10__.
Many
of
the
present
languages
of
Europe
and
India
are
modern
__11__
of
the
languages
of
4，500
years
ago.
Languages
are
__12__
changing.
The
English
of
today
is
very
different
__13__
the
English
of
500
years
ago.
In
time
some
even
__14__
completely.
About
1，000
years
ago
__15__
was
a
little known
relative
of
German
__16__
on
one
of
the
borders(边界)
of
Europe.
If
a
language
has
__17__
speakers
or
if
it
is
very
old,
there
may
be
__18__
in
the
way
it
is
spoken
in
different
areas.
__19__，
the
language
may
have
several
dialects.
Chinese
is
a
good
example
of
dialect
differences.
Chinese
has
been
spoken
for
thousands
of
years
by
many
millions
of
speakers.
The
differences
among
the
dialects
of
Chinese
are
so
great
that
speakers
of
Chinese
from
some
parts
of
China
__20__
understand
speakers
from
other
parts.
【解题导语】 虽然人们没有找到语言形成的准确时间和地点以及具体形成过程，但是我们对世界上现存的语言还是了解不少的。
1．A.But
B．So
C．However
D．Besides
C 解析：语言的起源一直是人们感兴趣的事情，但是没人确切地知道语言的起源究竟是怎样的。然而，我们还是对语言了解许多的。but后不能出现逗号。
2．A.English
B．history
C．Chinese
D．languages
D 解析：由上下文可知全文一直是在讲对语言的认识，而不单纯是对汉语或英语的认识。
3．A.earlier
B．later
C．modern
D．hard
A 解析：人们对现在的语言以及更早的语言有所了解。由上下文可知此处与today对应。
4．A.possible
B．probably
C．likely
D．impossibly
B 解析：当今世界上大约有三千种语言。此处应用副词，排除A、C两项；根据句意排除D项。
5．A.for
B．with
C．in
D．of
B 解析：由with引导的介词短语作定语，修饰language，表示“汉语是使用人数最多的一种语言”。
6．A.In
a
word
B．On
the
one
hand
C．What’s
more
D．On
the
other
hand
D 解析：上文提出汉语是使用人数最多的一种语言，接着又说英语、俄语和西班牙语也有数百万人使用，后文话锋一转讲到，还有不到一百人使用的语言，所以此处用on
the
other
hand。
7．A.forms
B．systems
C．families
D．changes
C 解析：由后面的内容可知语言有几大语系，用families表示。下文的“one
large
family”也是提示。
8．A.Europe
B．Asia
C．Africa
D．America
A 解析：由后面的“Indo European
language
family”可知，欧洲的大多数语言都属于一个大的语系——印欧语系。
9．A.obvious
B．original
C．confusing
D．distinctive
B 解析：original“原始的，起初的”；obvious“显而易见的”；confusing“令人困惑的”；distinctive“与众不同的”。根据句意选B。
10．A.before
B．ago
C．later
D．old
B 解析：由前面的“was
spoken”可知，此处应该用与一般过去时连用的ago。before用于过去完成时的句子中。
11．A.times
B．families
C．forms
D．members
C 解析：现在印度与欧洲的一些语言实际上就是4
500年以前的语言的现代形式(forms)。
12．A.always
B．seldom
C．often
D．sometimes
A 解析：由下文可知，语言一直都在发展变化。always与现在进行时态连用表示“总是”。
13．A.about
B．with
C．between
D．from
D 解析：be
different
from“与……不同”，为固定短语。
14．A.die
out
B．die
away
C．die
down
D．die
off
A 解析：经过一段时间，有些语言完全消失了。die
out“灭绝；消失”。die
away“逐渐模糊，逐渐减弱”；die
down“逐渐变弱，暗淡”；die
off“相继死去”。
15．A.Spanish
B．English
C．Chinese
D．Russian
B 解析：大约一千年前的英语还与当时欧洲某边界处的人们讲的德语有亲戚关系。
16．A.called
B．told
C．spoken
D．named
C 解析：表示“讲(某种语言)”用speak，此处用过去分词作定语表示被动。
17．A.a
great
deal
of
B．a
few
C．a
little
D．a
lot
of
D 解析：如果讲某种语言的人多或某种语言很古老，那么不同地区人们说话的方式就有差别。A、C两项只修饰不可数名词；a
few表示“几个”，意义不符。
18．A.speakers
B．differences
C．importance
D．changes
B 解析：由上文可知此处指人们说话方式的不同且用复数形式，故选B项。
19．A.That
is
B．Therefore
C．In
fact
D．However
A 解析：此处是对上文的说明：也就是说(that
is)，一种语言可能有几种方言。
20．A.mustn’t
B．may
not
C．won’t
D．can’t
D 解析：汉语方言的差别如此之大，以至于国内来自不同地区的人都无法相互沟通。此处表示“不会，不能”，故用can’t。(共22张PPT)
Module
1 British
and
American
English
Section
Ⅴ Writing
本部分内容讲解结束
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MERGEFORMAT
重点单词
重点词汇夯实练
1.(1)We
can
conclude
from
his
confused
look
that
he
is
confused
about
this
confusing
problem.(confuse)
(2)He
looked
at
me
in
confusion(confuse)
and
did
not
answer
the
question.
2.(1)Comparing(compare)
the
teacher
to
a
burning
candle,
he
helped
the
students
to
understand
the
function
of
teachers.
(2)By
comparison
with
last
term,
my
grades
have
greatly
improved,
but
compared
with
my
classmates,
I
must
study
harder.
(compare)
3.(1)British
English
is
different
from
American
English.
They
differ
in
many
minor
aspects,
such
as
spelling
and
pronunciation.
All
English
speakers
understand
each
other,
but
it
is
helpful
to
know
about
some
of
the
differences．(differ)
(2)(2019·山西太原五中高二期中)The
book
speaks
to
all
children
to
let
them
know
that
they
can
make__a__difference(有影响)
in
today’s
world.
4.(1)(2019·安徽六校高二期末)Firecrackers
ring
out
in
the
air,
which
adds
to
the
atmosphere
of
the
festival.
(2)His
whole
income
adds
up
to
no
more
than
1，000
yuan
per
month.
(3)I
asked
her
if
she
would
lend
her
book
to
me,
adding(add)
that
I
would
return
it
to
her
within
two
days.
5.(1)I
am
very
delighted
to
be
present
at
the
lecture
and
to
give
you
a
speech.
(2)We
presented
small
gifts
to
all
the
guests.
Some
of
the
ladies
were
also
presented
with
flowers.
6.(1)His
success
at__the
first
attempt
didn’t
satisfy
him.
Instead,
he
went
all
out
to
try
a
second
time.
(2)They
attempted
to__climb(climb)
up
the
mountain,
but
failed.
(3)The
climbers
will
make
another
attempt
to__reach(reach)
the
summit
today.
7.The
problem
of
pollution
arises
along
with
the
rapid(rapidly)
development
of
industry.
8.Obviously(obvious),
whether
we
will
hold
this
sports
meeting
depends
on
the
weather
in
the
coming
months.
9.He
made
simple
remarks
on
her
remarkable
achievements.(remark)
10.The
reference
book
the
teacher
referred
to
just
now
is
said
to
be
popular
among
students.(refer)
阅读词汇排查练
1.linguist
n．
语言学家
2.accent
n.
口音
3.motorway
n.
(英)高速公路
4.underground
n.
(英)地铁
5.subway
n.
(美)地铁
6.flashlight
n．
(美)手电筒；火把
7.omit
vt.
省略
8.settler
n.
移民；定居者
9.variation
n.
变化
10.satellite
n.
卫星
11.flick
n．
轻打；轻弹；抖动
12.switch
n.
开关
13.edition
n.
(广播、电视节目的)期；版
14.cute
adj.
逗人喜爱的
15.criticise
vt.
批评
重点短语
会书写
1.have...in__common
有相同的特点
2.make__a__difference
有影响，使不相同
3.get__around
四处走动(旅行)
4.be__similar__to
与……相似
5.lead__to
引起；导致
6.in__favour__of
同意；支持
7.refer__to...as...
称……为……
8.thanks__to
幸亏，多亏
9.after__all
毕竟；终究
会应用
1.They
are
good
friends
and
have
much
in__common.
In
other
words,
they
are__similar__to
each
other
in
many
ways.
2.(2016·上海卷)
Since
then,
many
scientists
have
thought
that
our
actions
do
make__a__difference．
3.Thanks__to
modern
science
and
technology,
people
lead
a
more
and
more
comfortable
and
richer
life.
4.What
is
known
to
us
is
that
it’s
human’s
activity
that
leads__to
global
warming.
5.The
government
calls
on
people
to
get__around
by
using
public
transport.
重点句型
1．while作并列连词，表对比，意为“而，却”
汤姆从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而约翰却极有条理。
Tom
was
never
very
neat,
while__John__was__completely__organised．
2．have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.做某事有困难
由于缺乏独立，目前大部分学生很难适应大学生活。
For
lack
of
independence,
most
students
have__difficulty__(in)__adapting__to
college
life
at
present.
3．make＋it＋adj.＋for
sb.to
do
sth.
两个人之间的误解使得他们很难交流。
The
misunderstanding
between
the
two
made__it__difficult__for__them__to__communicate
with
each
other.
4．现在分词短语作结果状语
他总是帮助他人，这使他很受欢迎。
He
is
always
doing
a
favour
for
others,
making__him__quite__popular．
单元语法
1．Look
at
the
pride
on
Tom’s
face.
He
seems(seem)
to
have
been
praised
by
the
manager
just
now.
2．Although
he
has
retired,
every
now
and
then
he
recalls
his
teaching
life.
After
all
he
has__worked(work)
as
a
teacher
for
35
years.
3．—Have
you
ever
seen
Peter
recently
—Yes.
He
asked(ask)
me
to
ask
you
how
you
are__getting(get)
along
with
your
job
these
days.
4．Always
citizens
are__educated(educate)
to
take
care
of
and
show
respect
for
handicapped
people.
5．His
first
novel
has__received(receive)
good
reviews
since
it
came
out
last
year.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．最近，关于哪一种英语对我们有更大的影响我们进行了辩论。(make
a
difference)
2．一些学生认为和美式英语相比，英式英语的影响更大。(compared
with)
3．它是“最早的”英语，BBC和许多国际性报纸都使用它。(original；variety)
4．其他人支持美式英语。(in
favour
of)
5．他们认为，大多数英文电影都是美国的，这导致全世界越来越多的人使用美式英语。(lead
to)
6．我认为，不管我们使用哪一种英语，我们理解彼此都没有困难，因为它们有很多共同点。(have...in
common)
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One
possible
version：
Recently
we
have
had
a
debate
about
which
English
makes
a
greater
difference
to
us.Some
students
think
British
English
has
more
influence
compared
with
American
English
because
it
is
the
“original”
variety
of
English
and
the
BBC
and
many
international
newspapers
use
it.
However,
others
are
in
favour
of
American
English.They
hold
the
view
that
most
English
language
films
are
American,
which
has
led
to
more
and
more
people
across
the
world
using
American
English.
In
my
opinion,
whichever
English
we
use,
we
have
no
difficulty
in
understanding
each
other,
because
they
have
a
lot
in
common.(共46张PPT)
Module
1 British
and
American
English
Section
Ⅱ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary—Language
Points
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