阅读理解
A
Australian
English
began
separating
from
British
English
shortly
after
the
foundation
of
the
Australian
penal
colony
(罪犯流放地)
of
New
South
Wales
in
1788.
British
convicts
sent
there,
including
cockneys
(伦敦东区的人)
from
London,
came
mostly
from
large
English
cities.
They
were
joined
by
free
settlers,
military
personnel
and
officials,
often
with
their
families.
However,
many
of
the
convicts
were
Irish,
with
at
least
25%
directly
from
Ireland,
and
others
indirectly
via
Britain.
There
were
other
populations
of
convicts
from
non English
speaking
areas
of
Britain,
such
as
the
Welsh
and
Scots.
The
transportation
of
convicts
to
Australia
ended
in
1868,
but
immigration
of
free
settlers
from
Britain,
Ireland
and
elsewhere
continued.
The
earliest
form
of
Australian
English
was
first
spoken
by
the
children
of
the
colonists
born
into
the
colony
of
New
South
Wales.
This
very
first
generation
of
children
created
a
new
dialect
that
was
to
become
the
language
of
the
nation.
The
Australian born
children
in
the
new
colony
were
exposed
to
a
wide
range
of
different
dialects
from
all
over
the
British
Isles,
in
particular
from
Ireland
and
the
southeastern
part
of
England.
The
native born
children
of
the
colony
created
the
new
dialect
from
factors
present
in
the
speech
they
heard
around
them,
and
provided
a
way
for
the
expression
of
peer
solidarity
(一致).
Even
when
new
settlers
arrived,
this
new
dialect
was
strong
enough
to
turn
away
from
the
influence
of
other
patterns
of
speech.
Records
from
the
early
19th
century
indicated
the
distinctive
dialect
had
appeared
in
the
colony
since
the
first
settlement.
In
1827
Peter
Cunningham,
in
his
book
Two
Years
in
New
South
Wales,
described
that
the
native born
colonists
spoke
with
a
distinctive
accent
and
vocabulary,
with
a
strong
London
influence.Anthony
Burgess
wrote
that
“Australian
English
may
be
thought
of
as
a
kind
of
fossilised
(僵化的)
cockney
(伦敦腔)
of
the
Dickensian
era”．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍澳大利亚英语的形成过程。
1．Who
didn’t
go
to
Australia
with
the
convicts
A．Miners.
B．Soldiers.
C．Officials.
D．Free
settlers.
A 解析：细节理解题。从文章第一段可知，随着囚犯到澳大利亚去的人中没有矿工。
2．Who
created
the
earliest
form
of
Australian
English
A．Convicts
sent
to
Australia.
B．Free
settlers
into
Australia.
C．The
native born
children
of
the
colony.
D．People
from
Ireland
and
the
southeastern
part
of
England.
C 解析：细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，在澳大利亚出生的孩子说话不同于自己的父母，是他们创造了最初的澳大利亚英语。
3．We
can
learn
from
the
last
paragraph
that
Australian
English________．
A．had
no
identity
of
its
own
B．was
formed
before
the
Dickensian
era
C．was
quite
different
from
British
English
D．was
greatly
influenced
by
London
accent
D 解析：推理判断题。分析文章最后一段可知，两位作者认为澳大利亚英语具有明显的伦敦口音特征。
4．What
does
the
text
mainly
tell
us
A．Who
came
to
Australia
first.
B．How
Australia
was
colonized.
C．How
Australian
English
was
formed.
D．What
the
earliest
language
in
Australia
was.
C 解析：主旨大意题。综合全文可知，文章主要说明澳大利亚英语的形成。
B
Experts
believe
that
the
best
time
to
teach
kids
language
skills
is
when
they
are
babies.
Most
time
the
task
is
easily
accomplished
with
parents
reading
or
talking
to
their
babies.
However,
in
some
cases
that
is
not
possible
due
to
busy
work
schedules
or
when
kids
are
born
deaf.
Now,
an
adorable
blue eyed
robot,
a
human
avatar,
and
some
high tech
neuroscience
may
be
able
to
assist
parents
with
this
important
developmental
task.
The
Robot
AVatar
thermal Enhanced
system,
or
RAVE,
is
the
brainchild
of
a
team
of
researchers
led
by
Laura Ann
Petitto,
an
educational
neuroscientist,
at
Washington,
D．C.’s
Gallaudet
University.
The
learning
process
begins
when
the
robot’s
camera,
which
is
focused
on
the
baby’s
face,
detects
tiny
changes
in
his/her
body
temperature.
This,
combined
with
the
baby’s
facial
expression,
causes
the
robot
to
turn
its
head
and
guide
the
baby’s
attention
to
a
computer
screen,
on
which
a
human
avatar
starts
to
communicate
with
the
baby,
much
like
a
parent
would.
For
example,
if
the
baby
points
towards
the
screen,
the
avatar
might
respond，“Are
you
pointing
to
me？”
and
follow
that
up
with
a
nursery
rhyme,
fairy
tale,
or
some
essential
social
communication,
all
in
American
Sign
Language
(ASL).
The“conversation”continues
until
the
kid
loses
interest.
The
researchers,
who
have
been
testing
the
system
for
three
years,
found
that
babies
as
young
as
6
to
8
months
old
began
to
move
their
hands
in
a
rhythm
similar
to
ASL
after
interacting
with
RAVE
for
just
a
few
minutes.
Petitto
says
natural
language,
whether
communicated
through
speech
or
sign,
activates
the
same
parts
of
the
brain
and
believes
the
rhythmic
motions
prove
the
babies
are
learning
the
essential
elements
of
communication.
What
sets
this
technique
apart
from
other
methods,
such
as
showing
educational
videos
or
television
shows,
is
its
interactive
nature
and
real time
response
to
the
baby’s
actions.
The
researchers
say
that
while
it
is
too
early
to
determine
the
system’s
long term
influence
on
baby
communication,
the
initial
response
has
been
very
encouraging.
Next,
they
plan
to
introduce
an
avatar
that
can
both
sign
and
speak
to
babies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了一种可以帮助父母教婴儿学习语言的系统，以及该系统的工作原理、效果评价和研究人员对这种技术的展望。
5．What
can
the
RAVE
system
help
parents
do
A．Improve
babies’
health
condition.
B．Take
good
care
of
babies.
C．Develop
babies’
language
skills.
D．Keep
babies
company.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Experts
believe
that
the
best
time
to
teach
kids
language
skills
is
when
they
are
babies.”可知，专家认为教孩子语言技能的最佳时间是孩子的婴儿时期；结合第一段尾句“Now,
an
adorable
blue eyed
robot,
a
human
avatar,
and
some
high tech
neuroscience
may
be
able
to
assist
parents
with
this
important
developmental
task.”以及第二段中的“The
Robot...
a
team
of
researchers”可知，RAVE系统可以帮助父母完成教婴儿学习语言的任务，故C项正确。
6．What
does
Paragraph
2
mainly
talk
about
A．How
babies
learn
ASL
effectively.
B．How
parents
educate
their
babies.
C．How
robots
talk
and
read
to
babies.
D．How
the
RAVE
system
works.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第二、三句“The
learning...his/her
body
temperature.
This,
combined
with
the
baby’s
facial
expression,
causes
the
robot
to
turn
its
head
and
guide
the
baby’s
attention
to
a
computer
screen,
on
which
a
human
avatar
starts
to
communicate
with
the
baby,
much
like
a
parent
would.”可知，机器人的摄像头可以检测到婴儿细微的体温变化并与婴儿的面部表情相结合，使机器人转动头部，引导婴儿注意电脑屏幕，在电脑屏幕上，一个人类的形象开始与婴儿交流，就像父母一样；结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了RAVE系统的工作原理，故D项正确。
7．What
indicates
babies
are
learning
with
the
help
of
the
RAVE
system
A．Interest
in
videos
and
TV
shows.
B．Changes
in
their
body
temperature.
C．Improvement
in
their
natural
language.
D．Hand
movements
in
a
rhythm
like
ASL.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“babies
as
young...
a
few
minutes”可知，在和这种系统交流互动之后，婴儿就会开始以类似于ASL的节奏晃动他们的手，故D项正确。
8．What
do
the
researchers
think
of
the
RAVE
system
A．Promising.
B．Impractical.
C．Satisfactory.
D．Disappointing.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段第二、三句“The
researchers
say
that
while
it
is
too
early
to
determine
the
system’s
long term
influence
on
baby
communication,
the
initial
response
has
been
very
encouraging.
Next,
they
plan
to
introduce
an
avatar
that
can
both
sign
and
speak
to
babies.”可知，尽管对这种系统培养婴儿交流技能的长期影响进行评价为时过早，但是其初期的表现令人鼓舞，研究人员将在下一步推出可以用手语和口语与婴儿交流的形象。据此可知，研究人员对这种系统的发展是充满着希望的，A项意为“很有前途的，大有希望的”，符合语境，故A项正确。
完形填空
Growing
up,
I
always
hid
my
thumbs
(拇指)
in
my
fists
because
of
their
unusual
shape.
1
they
do
look
more
like
big
toes
(脚趾)
2
thumbs.And
from
an
early
age,
my
thumbs
3
another
name
“toe
thumbs”．
In
high
school,
I
served
as
a
cashier
in
a
grocery
store.One
day,
I
was
4
the
bill
of
a
sweet
little
old
lady
and
as
I
5
her
change
back
to
her,
she
suddenly
took
my
hands
and
said
in
a
thick
Polish
6
，“You
are
Polish！Look
at
those
7
Polish
thumbs！They
match
mine！”She
raised
her
hands
and
8
her
thumbs
to
me
that
9
weathered
and
wrinkled,
looked
exactly
like
mine！She
10
my
hands
again
and
said，“Be
11
of
those
thumbs！”
I’ll
never
forget
that
30 second
12
with
a
stranger
that
forever
13
my
view
of
a
part
of
me
I
once
was
14
at
and
now
accept.As
I
was
eating
dinner
with
my
son,
Samuel,
that
night,
he
looked
down
at
my
hand
15
on
the
table
next
to
his
and
said，“Mommy！Our
thumbs
16
！”
I
smiled
and
answered，“Yes,
they
do,
buddy！Those
are
strong
Polish
17
you
have！Take
pride
in
them！Maybe
someday
you’ll
have
a
little
boy
or
girl
who
will
have
the
same
thumbs！”
I
18
my
son
never
hides
his
thumbs
like
I
did.I
hope
he’ll
be
proud
of
their
“unusualness”
and
the
19
behind
them.He
inherits
a
(n)
20
part
from
me
and
that
for
me
will
always
be
beautiful!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位好心的顾客促使我勇于面对自己异常的大拇指，建立自己“独特”的自尊、自爱和自豪感的故事。
1．A.Fortunately
B．Admittedly
C．Normally
D．Basically
B 解析：不可否认，它们的确看起来更像大脚趾，而不是大拇指。fortunately“幸运地”；admittedly“诚然，不可否认地”；normally“正常地”；basically“基本地，本质上”。
2．A.other
than
B．due
to
C．instead
of
D．along
with
C 解析：参见上题解析。instead
of“代替……，而不是……”符合语境。other
than“除了……以外”；due
to“由于……，因为……”；along
with“与……一起，与……同样地”。
3．A.earned
B．cloned
C．found
D．deserved
A 解析：根据前一句中的“they
do
look
more
like
big
toes
(脚趾)”可知，我的大拇指赢得了另外一个名字“toe
thumbs”。earn“赚得，挣得，赢得”；clone“克隆”；deserve“应得，应受到”。
4．A.checking
out
B．hunting
for
C．talking
with
D．watching
over
A 解析：一天，我正在核实一位和蔼可亲的、身材娇小的老太太的账单。check
out“检查，核实”。
5．A.paid
B．charged
C．donated
D．counted
D 解析：正当我数好零钱给她的时候，她突然抓住我的手。count“点数目”。
6．A.tune
B．voice
C．language
D．accent
D 解析：她用浓重的波兰口音说：“你是波兰人。”accent“口音”符合语境。tune“曲调，调子”；voice“声音，嗓音”；language“语言”。
7．A.beautiful
B．strange
C．long
D．clumsy
A 解析：根据下文可知，老太太是在赞美这些独特的大拇指，且文章最后一句出现了beautiful，故此处选beautiful。
8．A.passed
B．showed
C．recommended
D．offered
B 解析：她举起她的手，把她的大拇指给我看。show“给……看”。
9．A.till
B．unless
C．although
D．once
C 解析：尽管她的大拇指历经岁月风霜，皱纹斑斑，但是它们看起来和我的完全一样。根据语境，此处应为although引导的让步状语从句，在although与weathered之间省略了“her
thumbs
were”。
10．A.raised
B．inspected
C．examined
D．held
D 解析：根据上文中的“she
suddenly
took
my
hands”和空处后面的“my
hands
again”可知，她又一次抓住我的手，故选held。raise“举起，抬起”；inspect“视察，检查”；examine“检查”。
11．A.proud
B．skeptical
C．afraid
D．sure
A 解析：根据下文中的“Take
pride
in
them！”和“be
proud
of”可知，此处应选proud，be
proud
of“对……感到骄傲/自豪”。
12．A.appointment
B．bargain
C．conversation
D．deal
C 解析：根据上文可知，我与这位陌生人进行了30秒的交谈。conversation“交谈”符合语境。appointment“约会”；bargain“讨价还价”；deal“交易”。
13．A.supported
B．changed
C．proved
D．hurt
B 解析：这次交谈永远改变
(changed)了我对自己的身体的一部分
(大拇指)的看法，我曾经为这一部分
(大拇指)感到尴尬，现在我接受了。support“支持”；prove“证明”；hurt“伤害”。
14．A.amazed
B．terrified
C．delighted
D．embarrassed
D 解析：参见上题解析。be
embarrassed
at“对……感到尴尬”。amazed“惊讶的”；terrified“非常害怕的”；delighted“高兴的”。
15．A.scratching
B．resting
C．knocking
D．drawing
B 解析：那天晚上当我和我的儿子Samuel一起吃饭的时候，他低头看我的手，我的手靠在桌子上，紧挨着他的手。他说：“妈咪，我们的大拇指一样。”rest“支撑，倚靠”。
16．A.differ
B．fit
C．fight
D．match
D 解析：参见上题解析。且根据文章第二段中的“They
match
mine”可知，此处应选match“相配，相一致”。differ“有区别”；fit“适合”；fight“打斗，争吵”。
17．A.fists
B．thumbs
C．toes
D．hands
B 解析：根据上下文的内容可知，此处应选thumbs。
18．A.guarantee
B．figure
C．pray
D．insist
C 解析：根据语境，此处表示我祈祷
(pray)我的儿子不要像我一样藏起他的大拇指。guarantee“保证”；figure“认为，以为”；insist“坚持认为”。
19．A.scene
B．lesson
C．history
D．moment
C 解析：我希望他将会为他的大拇指的“独特之处”和其背后的历史
(history)感到骄傲。
20．A.unique
B．elegant
C．authentic
D．sensitive
A 解析：根据文章第一段第一句中的“unusual
shape”和空前一句中的“unusualness”可知，他遗传了我身体中独特的部分，故选unique“独特的”。elegant“优雅的”；authentic“真实的”；sensitive“敏感的”。Section
Ⅲ Integrating
Skills
&
Cultural
Corner
重点单词
写作词汇
1.acquire
v．
得到，获得
2.splendid
adj.
极好的；优秀的
3.convey
v.
传达，传递
4.concept
n.
概念；观念
5.thus
adv.
因此；因而
6.select
v.
挑选，选择
7.overcome
v.
征服；战胜
拓展词汇
8.complain
v．抱怨；不满→complaint
n．抱怨
9.investigate
v．调查→investigation
n．调查
10.convinced
adj.确信的，信服的→convince
vt.使确信，使信服→convincing
adj.令人信服的
11.association
n．联系→associate
vt.把……联系起来；交往
12.tendency
n．趋向；倾向→tend
v．倾向，易于
13.significance
n．意义；含义→significant
adj.有意义的
14.reject
v．拒绝接受→rejection
n．拒绝
15.oppose
v．反对→opposition
n．对抗；反抗→opposite
adj.相对的；对面的
n．对立的事物
16.resist
v．反抗；抵抗→resistant
adj.反抗的→resistance
n．反抗；抵抗
17.approval
n．赞许；赞成→approve
vt.&
vi.赞同；批准
18.curiosity
n．好奇心→curious
adj.好奇的→curiously
adv.好奇地
阅读词汇
19.telegraph
n．
电报
20.media
n.
新闻媒体，传媒
21.revolution
n.
革命
22.flavour
n.
特点，特色；情调
23.telecommunication
n.
(常复)电信
24.furthermore
adv.
此外，而且
25.straightforward
adj.
简单的，易懂的
26.ambiguous
adj.
歧义的；含糊的
27.dilemma
n.
进退两难的境地；困难的抉择
28.explicit
adj.
清楚明白的；易于理解的
29.relevant
adj.
有关的；切题的
30.absurd
adj.
荒谬的，荒唐的
31.clarify
v.
弄明白；澄清
32.disorganised
adj.
杂乱无章的
33.vague
adj.
不明确的；含糊的
34.clumsy
adj.
笨拙的
35.withdraw
v.
收回；撤销(说过的话)
36.potential
adj.
潜在的；可能的
37.abuse
v.
辱骂；恶语
38.offence
n.
得罪；使伤感情
39.statesman
n.
政治家
40.betray
v.
对……不忠
41.prejudice
n.
偏见；歧视
42.conflict
n.
抵触；冲突
43.moral
n.
寓意；教育意义
44.superior
adj.
更好的；更强的
45.status
n.
地位
46.classify
v.
将……分类
47.fascination
n.
着迷，迷恋；吸引力
48.tone
n.
语气；音调
49.initially
adv.
起初
50.candidate
n.
投考者，应考人
重点短语
1.get
held
up
遭遇阻塞
2.use...as...
把……用作……
3.a
huge
number
of
大量的
4.get
down
to
sth.
开始做某事
5.let
sb.
down
使某人失望
6.be
meant
for...
意欲……；有……目的
重点句型
1.It
is
estimated
that...据估计……：It
is
estimated
that
(据估计)
1.3
billion
people
will
use
English
as
either
a
first
or
a
second
language
by
2050.
2.be＋形容词＋to
do
(不定式用主动形式表示被动含义)：English
has
a
huge
number
of
colourful
and
splendid
expressions
which
may
be
difficult
to
understand
(理解起来很难).
3.部分否定：Not
all
idioms
(并非所有的习语)
have
been
common
for
many
years.
Read
the
passage
Colourful
English
on
Page
53
and
choose
the
best
answer.
1．Why
are
some
English
expressions
hard
to
understand
A．They
don’t
make
sense.
B．They
are
old fashioned.
C．They
may
refer
to
ideas
beyond
the
simple
meanings
of
the
words.
D．Their
meanings
are
amusing
and
exaggerated.
2．What’s
an
advertising
slogan
A．An
amusing
saying
in
an
advertisement.
B．A
reply
to
a
customer
in
a
shop.
C．Something
like
many
other
expressions.
D．An
expression
which
is
associated
with
a
product
in
an
advertisement.
3．A
proverb
means
________
according
to
the
passage.
A．an
expression
to
suggest
someone
or
something
which
is
superior
to
someone
or
something
else
B．a
saying
to
describe
behaviors
and
customs
C．a
well known
expression
which
reflects
on
life
and
gives
advice
D．an
everyday
saying
which
everyone
agrees
with
答案：1－3.CDC
Read
the
passage
Chinese
as
a
Foreign
Language
on
Page
55
and
judge
the
following
statements
True
(T)
or
False
(F)．
1．More
and
more
people
in
the
world
want
to
learn
Chinese．(
)
2．All
speakers
of
other
languages
think
Chinese
must
be
very
difficult．(
)
3．With
so
much
interest
in
the
language,
the
Chinese
government
introduced
a
national
exam
system．(
)
4．Established
in
1990,
the
HSK
test
was
initially
meant
for
those
learners
who
regard
Chinese
as
a
second
or
foreign
language．(
)
答案：1－4.TFFT
complain vt.&
vi.抱怨；不满
(教材P48)What
does
the
man
complain
about
那个人抱怨什么？
(1)complain
(to
sb.)
about/of
sth.
(向某人)抱怨某事
complain
(to
sb.)
that...
(向某人)抱怨……
(2)complaint
n.
诉苦；牢骚；抱怨
①He
complained
bitterly
that
he
had
been
unfairly
treated.
他愤懑地诉说他所受到的不公平。
②
(北京卷)Betty
complained
to
Steve
that
Sara
never
gave
her
a
chance
to
talk.
贝蒂向史蒂夫抱怨说萨拉从不给她说话的机会。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①
(2018·天津卷)
The
students
began
complaining
about
how
cold
it
would
be.
②Not
a
single
person
has
made
complaints
(complain)to
the
manager
of/about
the
poor
quality
of
the
food
so
far.
convinced adj.确信的，信服的
(教材P51)Experts
are
convinced
that
this
will
happen
in
the
future
as
more
and
more
people
learn
English
and
call
it
their
own.
专家们相信，当越来越多的人学英语并称其为自己的语言时，这种情况将会发生。
(1)be
convinced
of/that...
确信……，承认……
(2)convince
v.
说服，使相信
convince
sb.of
sth.
使某人相信/信服
convince
sb.to
do
sth.
说服某人去做某事
(3)convincing
adj.
有说服力的
①
(浙江卷)I
have
been
convinced
that
the
print
media
are
usually
more
accurate
and
more
reliable
than
television.
我确信平面媒体常常会比电视更准确、更可靠。
②It’s
useless
trying
to
convince
her
that
she
doesn’t
need
to
lose
any
weight.
试图让她相信她不需要减肥是没用的。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I
am
firmly
convinced
of
the
significance
of
honesty,
which
will
contribute
to
building
a
warm
and
harmonious
society.
②His
idea
was
not
convincing
(convince).
At
last
I
convinced
him
to
change
(change)
his
mind
to
accept
my
idea.
③It
took
us
several
hours
to
make
the
old
man
convinced
(convince)
of
the
safety
of
travelling
by
air.
[链接写作]——句式升级
④
(普通表达)
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I’m
convinced
that
you
like
paper cutting,
so
I’d
like
to
invite
you
to
visit
the
exhibition.
(高级表达)Convinced
that
you
like
paper cutting,
I’d
like
to
invite
you
to
visit
the
exhibition．(分词短语作状语)
get
down
to 开始做某事
(to为介词，后跟n.或v. ing形式)
(教材P53)Thus,
to
talk
turkey
means
to
get
down
to
business.
因此，
“to
talk
turkey”
的意思是开始做正事。
get
over
克服
get
across
被传达；被理解
get
through
做完；通过
(考试)；接通
(电话)
get
along/on
with
进展；与某人相处
①Let’s
get
down
to
business.
我们开始干正事吧。
②
(福建卷)We’ve
just
moved
into
a
bigger
house
and
there’s
a
lot
to
do.
Let’s
get
down
to
it.
我们刚搬进一所更大的房子里，有许多事情要做。让我们开始做吧。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①
(江西卷)
Anyway,
we’re
here
now,
so
let’s
get
down
to
some
serious
work.
②
(湖北卷)I’ve
been
trying
to
phone
Charles
all
evening,
but
there
must
be
something
wrong
with
the
network;
I
can’t
seem
to
get
through．
③
(江苏卷)Team
leaders
must
ensure
that
all
members
get
over
their
natural
desire
to
avoid
the
embarrassment
associated
with
making
mistakes.
[链接写作]——完成句子
④我讲的很慢，但我的意思还是没有被理解。
I
spoke
slowly，but
my
meaning
didn’t
get
across．
⑤
(重庆卷)众所周知，当我们陷入困境时，我们的朋友总会伸出援助之手，帮助我们渡过难关。
As
is
known
to
us,
our
friends
lend
us
a
hand
when
we
are
in
trouble
and
help
us
get
through
difficult
situations.
表示“开始做/着手做某事”的短语还有set
about
doing
sth.;
set
out
to
do
sth.等。
let
sb.down 使某人失望
(教材P53)With
friends
like
these,
who
needs
enemies？means
a
friend
has
betrayed
your
trust
or
let
you
down.“With
friends
like
these,
who
needs
enemies？”的意思是朋友辜负了你的信任或让你失望。
let
sth.down
放下某物；放低某物
let
out
发出；放出；泄露
let
alone
更不用说
let
sb./sth.alone
不管/不干涉某人/物
①This
machine
won’t
let
your
down.
你尽管放心，这台机器不会出毛病。
②
(牛津词典)She
speaks
French
very
fluently,
but
her
pronunciation
lets
her
down.
她法语讲得很流利，但美中不足的是发音不大好。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①
(天津卷)Throwing
their
hats
into
the
air，the
fans
of
the
winning
team
let
out
loud
shouts
of
victory.
②
(江苏卷)For
most
people，it’s
almost
impossible
to
operate
a
computer
without
a
mouse,
let
alone
surf
the
Internet.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
③
(普通表达)The
professor
wants
to
find
an
assistant
who
is
worth
depending
on
and
won’t
disappoint
him.
(高级表达)The
professor
wants
to
find
an
assistant
who
is
worth
depending
on
and
won’t
let
him
down．
常考的含有down的短语：take
down记下，记录；
break
down坏了，垮了；
cut
down削减，砍倒；
turn
down调小，拒绝；
pass
down
传下来；
slow
down慢下来；
calm
down平静下来；put
down记下，镇压。
oppose vt.反对，以……对抗，抗争
(教材P53)...meaning
we
will
oppose
prejudice
against
black
people
and
resist
conflict
between
Americans.
……意思是我们将反对对黑人的歧视，并且反抗美国人之间的冲突。
(1)oppose
(doing)
sth.
反对
(干)某事
(2)opposed
adj.
反对的，
对抗的，
敌对的
be
opposed
to
(doing)
sth.＝object
to
(doing)
sth.
反对
(干)某事
(3)opposite
adj.
相反的，
对面的
prep.
在……对面
n.
对立面，
反对
adv.
在对面
①All
the
members
present
opposed
the
plan
bitterly.
所有与会的成员都坚决反对这个计划。
②Some
people
don’t
agree
to
the
plan,
and
I’m
one
of
those
who
oppose
it.
有些人不同意该计划，我就是那些反对者中的一个。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Many
residents
opposed
the
government
building
(build)
a
chemical
factory
near
the
school.
②
(四川卷)Good
habits
always
lead
to
high
efficiency,
while
bad
ones
bring
the
opposite
(oppose)．
③Opposed
(oppose)
to
the
plan
of
raising
prices,
they
decided
not
to
carry
it
out.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
④
(普通表达)The
government
postponed
the
new
proposal
because
a
lot
of
people
opposed
it/were
opposed
to
it
(反对它)．
⑤
(高级表达)With
a
lot
of
people
opposed
to/opposing
the
new
proposal,
the
government
postponed
it．(with复合结构)
resist v．忍住；顶住；抵御；反抗
(教材P53)...meaning
we
will
oppose
prejudice
against
black
people
and
resist
conflict
between
Americans.
……意思是我们将反对对黑人的歧视，
并且反抗美国人之间的冲突。
(1)resist
(doing)
sth.
反对
(干)某事
can’t
resist
(doing)
sth.
无法抗拒
(做)某事；忍不住
(做)某事
(2)resistant
adj.
对……有抵抗力的，抵制的，反抗的，抗拒的
be
resistant
to
对……有抵抗力
(3)resistance
n.
抵抗；反对
①The
soldiers
have
resisted
the
enemy
attacks
for
two
days.
士兵们抵抗敌人的进攻两天了。
②A
balanced
diet
will
increase
your
ability
to
resist
infection.
均衡的饮食可以增强你抗感染的能力。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She
couldn’t
resist
taking
(take)
aim
at
the
wild
geese
as
they
flew
over.
②
(2017·北京卷)The
resistance
(resist)
to
vaccine
has
continued
for
decades,
and
it
is
driven
by
a
real
but
very
small
risk.
resist表示“忍住”时，常与表示否定意义的can’t/can
hardly连用，resist
后接v. ing形式作宾语，不接不定式。
be＋形容词＋to
do
(不定式用主动形式表示被动含义)
(教材P53)English
has
a
huge
number
of
colourful
and
splendid
expressions
which
may
be
difficult
to
understand.
英语有大量的绚烂而华丽但很难懂的表达。
句中不定式to
understand为主动形式表示被动含义。
(1)不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时
(即：主语＋系动词＋形容词＋不定式；主语＋动词＋宾语＋形容词＋不定式)。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，
如difficult，easy，comfortable，convenient，hard，cheap，expensive等，不定式用主动形式表被动含义。
(2)不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又与句子中的另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动形式表被动含义。
(3)主语＋be＋too＋形容词＋to
do
主语＋be＋形容词＋enough
to
do
①The
water
in
the
polluted
river
is
not
fit
to
drink.
被污染的河流里的水不适合饮用。
②
(牛津词典)Your
writing
is
really
difficult
to
read.
你的笔迹真的很难辨认。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She
had
no
money
to
buy
(buy)
a
birthday
present
for
their
children.
②The
chair
looks
rather
hard,
but
in
fact
it
is
very
comfortable
to
sit
(sit)
on.
[链接写作]——完成句子
③那个问题太复杂了，我们无法解决。
(too...to...)
The
problem
is
too
difficult/complicated
for
us
to
solve．
在“主语＋be＋形容词＋to
do”结构中，不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系；如不定式是不及物动词，则要在动词之后加适当的介词。
品句填词
1．(江西卷)I
don’t
believe
what
you
said,
but
if
you
can
prove
it,
you
may
be
able
to
convince
(使……相信)
me.
2．This
new
discovery
of
oil
is
of
great
significance
(意义)
to
this
area’s
economy.
3．Don’t
lose
heart,
and
you
can
overcome
(克服)
all
the
difficulties
ahead.
4．The
professor
sometimes
makes
remarks
that
are
not
relevant
(相关的)
to
the
topic.
5．She
added
that
the
concept
(概念)
of
arranged
marriages
is
misunderstood
in
the
west.
6．If
you
want
to
make
a
complaint
(埋怨),
you
should
see
the
manager.
7．As
we
know,
language
is
one
of
the
significant
means
for
mankind
to
convey
(传达)
thoughts
and
feelings.
8．Our
manager
attaches
great
importance
to
the
potential
(潜在的)
customers.
9．You
shouldn’t
take
books
out
of
the
library
without
the
approval
(赞成)
of
the
librarian.
10．Gradually
they
acquired
(获得)
experience
in
how
to
guide
the
work.
语法填空
War
Horse
is
a
children’s
novel
by
English
author
Michael
Morpurgo.
When
it
first
1.____________(come)
out
in
1982,
the
book
sold
comparatively
few
copies.
That
all
changed,
however,
when
in
2005
War
Horse
2.____________(perform)
on
stage
at
the
National
Theatre.
Today,
Morpurgo’s
short
story
has
sold
over
one
million
copies
and
the
play
is
being
performed
in
theatres
worldwide;
it
has
even
been
turned
into
a
film
3.____________(direct)
by
Steven
Spielberg.
War
Horse
is
set
during
the
First
World
War,
and
follows
the
lives
of
soldiers
4.____________(fight)
on
the
frontline,
as
well
as
ordinary
people
5.____________
lives
have
been
turned
upside
down
by
the
war.
What
makes
it
special
is
6.____________
Joey,
the
narrator,
is
actually
a
horse.
The
other
main
character
is
Alfie,
Joey’s
best
friend
and
7.____________(own),
who
watches
helplessly
as
Joey
is
sold
to
the
British
army.
There
Joey
joins
8.____________(thousand)
of
other
men
and
horses
in
the
war.
Joey’s
narration
is
not
only
9.____________(deep)
moving,
but
also,
historically
accurate(准确的).
Horses
played
10.____________
important
role
for
armies
during
the
war;
they
transported
heavy
machine
guns,
rescued
injured
soldiers
from
the
front
and
led
cavalry
charges(骑兵冲锋).
Throughout
the
war,
over
eight
million
horses
died.
1．came 解析：考查一般过去时。由时间状语in
1982可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填came。
come
out意为“出版”。
2．was
performed 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。War
Horse与perform之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，由时间状语in
2005可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填was
performed。
3．directed 解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处作后置定语修饰film，由by
Steven
Spielberg可知，direct与film之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因为设空处表示的动作已发生，故填directed。
4．fighting 解析：考查动词 ing形式作定语的用法。设空处作后置定语修饰soldiers，此处表示那些在前线打仗的士兵。soldiers与fight之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填fighting。
5．whose 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰people，且在从句中作定语，故填whose。
6．that 解析：考查连接词。设空处引导表语从句，因为从句成分及意义均完整，故填连接词that。
7．owner 解析：考查名词。设空处与friend并列，表示“主人”，故填名词owner。
8．thousands 解析：考查固定搭配。thousands
of意为“成千上万的……”。
9．deeply 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰形容词moving，表示“非常”，故填deeply。
10．an 解析：考查不定冠词。play
an
important
role意为“起重要作用，扮演重要角色”。
单句语法填空
1．We
finally
managed
to
make
the
customers
convinced
(convince)
of
the
quality
of
the
vehicle.
2．(2019·绍兴一中高二期中)He
complained
to
me
of/about
the
bad
weather
he
had
while
travelling
in
London.
3．My
father
was
violently
opposed
to
my
going
(go)
abroad
because
of
lack
of
money.
4．As
she
delivered
her
speech,
the
crowd
expressed
their
approval
(approve)
in
a
low
voice.
5．Since
the
plan
has
been
made,
let’s
get
down
to
carrying
(carry)
it
out.
6．(2019·重庆巴蜀中学高二期末)It
is
estimated
(estimate)
that
China
will
be
the
largest
car
consuming
market
in
the
world.
7．While
shopping,
can
you
resist
being
persuaded
(persuade)
to
buy
anything
that
you
don’t
really
need
8．I
like
getting
up
very
early
in
summer.
The
morning
air
is
so
good
to
breathe
(breath)．
9．She
was
over
the
age
limit
and
as
a
result,
her
application
for
the
job
was
rejected
(reject)．
10．I
didn’t
live
up
to
my
parents’
expectations.
In
other
words,
I
let
them
down．
阅读理解
I
started
to
learn
English
from
the
first
grade.That
year
I
was
six.In
class
I
learned
basic
phrases
for
greeting
and
describing
objects.I
don’t
have
much
memory
for
the
first
year
of
English
learning.The
only
thing
that
I
still
remember
is
reading
vocabulary
list.A
classmate
of
mine
who
was
good
at
English
would
lead
the
whole
class
to
read
the
list.One
of
the
new
words
that
I
learned
that
year
was
“earth”．“The
earth
orbits
the
sun，”
he
said
in
Chinese.Every
time
we
came
to
the
word
“earth”，
he
would
repeat
that
sentence.I
was
secretly
admiring
him
because
he
knew
the
earth
orbits
the
sun.
My
family
moved
when
I
was
in
my
second
grade,
and
I
transferred
(转学)
to
a
private
school.My
English
class
continued.Luckily
I
could
use
the
same
series
of
text
books.
I
stayed
in
the
same
private
school
for
my
junior
high
school,
which
is
from
the
7th
to
the
9th
grade.In
junior
high
school,
I
hardly
felt
my
English
skill
improved
because
the
first
English
class
here
was
still
titled
“Good
Morning”
and
the
content
was
still
basic
greetings.
Following
was
one
year
of
high
school
life:
a
different
school,
the
same
story．
Then
my
family
moved
again,
and
I
began
to
really
use
English.We
came
to
America.I
attended
a
couple
years
of
high
school,
and
now
I’m
in
college.I
learn
to
write
essays
and
start
to
read
books
in
English.I
can
see
my
progress.However,
I
still
have
a
lot
of
space
to
improve.In
writing,
the
flow
between
sentences
isn’t
good
and
I’m
still
using
basic
words.In
speaking,
maybe
because
I
hang
out
with
Chinese
speaking
friends
too
much,
it
takes
me
time
to
think
when
telling
long
stories.
【解题导语】 作者讲述了她学习英语的经历。
1．In
Grade
One,
the
author
admired
that
classmate
because
he
________．
A．could
speak
two
languages
B．had
a
very
wide
vocabulary
C．often
led
the
whole
class
to
read
D．knew
about
the
earth
and
the
sun
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“I
was
secretly
admiring
him
because
he
knew
the
earth
orbits
the
sun.”可知，答案应选D项。
2．How
did
the
author
most
probably
feel
during
the
first
English
class
in
junior
high
school
A．Moved.
B．Interested.
C．Disappointed.
D．Relaxed.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“In
junior
high
school...still
basic
greetings.”可推断，作者当时很失望。
3．What
do
we
learn
about
the
author
now
A．She
is
looked
down
upon
by
others.
B．She
still
isn’t
very
fluent
in
English.
C．She
has
no
chance
to
speak
Chinese
now.
D．She
likes
practising
English
through
telling
long
stories.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的However后面的内容可推断，作者现在英语还不是很流利。
4．The
underlined
sentence
in
Paragraph
4
means
in
senior
high
school
the
author
________．
A．didn’t
live
a
very
difficult
life
B．liked
her
new
school
very
much
C．learned
English
in
a
different
way
D．had
to
learn
simple
English
all
over
again
D 解析：句意理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，作者进入初中后英语又得从头学习，而画线句子的意思是：进入高中后还是这样，故选D项。
完形填空
(2019·绵阳高二期末)I
had
been
staring
at
the
white
walls
of
the
video
game
store
for
about
two
hours
since
lunch.
It
was
a
very
1
day.
I
glanced
at
the
table
in
front
of
the
store,
and
my
heart
2
.
It
was
the
donation
table
for
the
victims
of
Super
Typhoon
Yolanda
and
even
though
I
had
donated
what
I
could,
I
3
felt
sad
whenever
I
saw
the
people
on
the
TV
suffering.
I
was
broken
out
of
my
thoughts
when
the
doors
got
open.
Customers,
4
！
It
was
a
small
girl
with
her
mother.
I
5
her
mom.
I
got
to
know
her
when
she
was
selling
clothes
she
6
herself
at
the
market.
The
daughter
just
had
a
7
and
her
mom
finally
had
8
money
to
buy
a
PS3
and
some
games.
The
girl
skipped
to
my
counter.
She
9
her
backpack
and
pulled
out
a
console
(操纵台盘).
Her
mom
handed
me
the
games.
“Can
I
10
this？”
“Sure,
sweetie.”
I
11
the
console
and
the
games,
and
nothing
was
opened.
According
to
our
12
，
I
returned
the
13
to
the
girl.
And
she
ran
off
as
14
as
her
little
feet
could
take
her.
The
mom
explained，“She
wants
to
sell
her
birthday
15
，
so
she
can
donate
to
the
16
．”
She
was
17
to
give
up
her
favorite
games
and
gave
to
those
18
.
That’s
real
generosity
out
there.
19
I
was
watching
her
talking
to
the
girl
at
the
donation
table,
I
was
reminded
that
even
though
there
are
a
lot
of
20
people
in
the
world,
there
are
still
those
people
just
like
that
little
girl.
【解题导语】本文主要讲述了一个小姑娘退掉自己的生日礼物来给受灾者捐款的感人故事。
1．A.good
B．cold
C．warm
D．slow
D 解析：根据上文的“I
had
been
staring
at
the
white
walls
of
the
video
game
store
for
about
two
hours
since
lunch.”可知，作者从午饭后一直盯着商店的墙看了大约两个小时，所以作者觉得时间过得很缓慢，故选D。
2．A.beat
B．ached
C．ran
D．shook
B 解析：根据下文的“I
______felt
sad
whenever
I
saw
the
people
on
the
TV
suffering”可知，作者的心很痛
(ached)。
3．A.almost
B．also
C．still
D．never
C 解析：根据上文的“even
though
I
had
donated
what
I
could”可知，尽管作者已经竭尽全力捐款了，但还是感到难过。still“仍然，还”。
4．A.firstly
B．eventually
C．quickly
D．excitedly
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者被突然打开的门打断了思路，终于有客人来了。eventually“最终，终于”。
5．A.served
B．found
C．recognized
D．told
C 解析：根据下文的“I
got
to
know
her
when
she
was
selling
clothes
she
______herself
at
the
market.”可知，作者认出了来访的顾客，知道这位母亲在市场里卖自己做的衣服。
6．A.wore
B．made
C．washed
D．bought
B 解析：参见上题解析。
7．A.date
B．job
C．birthday
D．disease
C 解析：根据第八段中的“The
mom
explained,
‘She
wants
to
sell
her
birthday______，
so
she
can
donate
to
the______．’”可知，小姑娘刚过了生日。
8．A.enough
B．little
C．easy
D．big
A 解析：根据第三段的“I
got
to
know
her
when
she
was
selling
clothes
she______herself
at
the
market.”可知，在市场卖自己做的衣服的母亲终于攒够了钱来给女儿买生日礼物。
9．A.carried
B．opened
C．sold
D．left
B 解析：根据空后的“and
pulled
out
a
console
(操纵台盘)”可知，小姑娘把背包打开，然后拿出了操纵台盘。
10．A.sell
B．change
C．return
D．donate
C 解析：根据第八段中的“The
mom
explained,
‘She
wants
to
sell
her
birthday______，
so
she
can
donate
to
the______．’”可知，小姑娘想把之前买的东西给退了，这样她就可以捐款了。
11．A.opened
B．checked
C．held
D．looked
B 解析：根据空后的“and
nothing
was
opened”可知，作者对小姑娘所退还的操纵台盘进行了检查，发现没有被打开过。
12．A.plan
B．decision
C．discussion
D．regulation
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者照章办事，把钱退给了小姑娘。regulation“规则，条例”。
13．A.money
B．backpack
C．games
D．receipt
A 解析：参见上题解析。
14．A.soon
B．fast
C．long
D．far
B 解析：根据空后的“as
her
little
feet
could
take
her”可知，小姑娘拿到退款后，尽可能快地跑开了，故选B。
15．A.card
B．cake
C．surprise
D．gift
D 解析：根据语境可知，小姑娘要卖掉自己的生日礼物，这样她就可以向
(台风)受灾者捐款。
16．A.victims
B．workers
C．charities
D．typhoons
A 解析：参见上题解析。
17．A.grateful
B．willing
C．unhappy
D．afraid
B 解析：根据语境可知，小姑娘非常乐意把自己的生日礼物退了换成钱，捐给那些不幸的人。
18．A.ordinary
B．unfortunate
C．disabled
D．injured
B 解析：参见上题解析。
19．A.Since
B．Until
C．While
D．Although
C 解析：根据下文的“I
was
watching
her
talking
to
the
girl
at
the
donation
table...in
the
world”可知，“watching
her
talking”与“was
reminded”两个动作同时发生，故用while引导时间状语从句，故选C。while当……的时候
(表示两事同时发生)。
20．A.selfish
B．lucky
C．special
D．kind
A 解析：根据下文的“there
are
still
those
people
just
like
that
little
girl”及上文的“even
though”可知，前后表示转折，小姑娘代表无私的人，故此处应为自私的
(selfish)人。Section
Ⅱ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary—Language
Points
instantly adv.立刻，马上
conj.一……就……
(＝as
soon
as)
(教材P44)The
quality
of
someone’s
voice
and
their
choice
of
words
make
a
person
instantly
recognisable,
even
though
you
can’t
see
him
or
her.
一个人的音质及措辞都能让这个人立即被辨认出来，
即使你看不见他/她。
instant
n．
瞬间，刹那
adj.
立刻的，立即的
the
instant
一……就……
in
an
instant
立刻；马上
①He
sent
me
an
e mail
instantly
he
arrived
in
Paris.
他一到巴黎就给我发了一封电子邮件。
②I
asked
him
a
question
about
how
to
learn
English
and
he
replied
instantly.
我一问他如何学英语，他马上就给我答复了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①
(广东卷)This
site
gives
you
instant
(instantly)
access
to
a
wide
range
of
information
on
studying
and
living
in
the
UK.
②Much
to
my
surprise,
she
burst
into
tears
the
instant
she
read
the
letter
written
by
her
mother.
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)As
soon
as
he
arrived
at
the
theatre,
he
found
the
ticket
a
friend
gave
him
left
at
home.
③
(高级表达)On
arriving
at
the
theatre,
he
found
the
ticket
a
friend
gave
him
left
at
home．(on
doing)
④
(高级表达)The
moment/instant/minute/Instantly/Immediately/Directly
he
arrived
at
the
theatre,
he
found
the
ticket
a
friend
gave
him
left
at
home.
⑤
(高级表达)Hardly/No
sooner
had
he
arrived
at
the
theatre
when/than
he
found
the
ticket
a
friend
gave
him
left
at
home.
(hardly...when.../no
sooner...than...)
instantly既可作副词，也可作连词，有类似用法的词还有immediately,
directly等。
tell...apart 区分开，辨别出
(教材P44)It
is
also
quite
easy
to
tell
British
and
American
English
apart.
要将英式英语和美式英语分辨开来也很容易。
(1)tell
A
and
B
apart＝tell
A
from
B＝tell
the
difference
between
A
and
B
把A和B区分开来
tell
by...
根据……辨别
(2)take
sth.
apart
拆开某物
apart
from
除去；除去……之外，还有
①It’s
difficult
for
me
to
tell
the
twins
apart
because
they
are
so
alike.
因为他们太像了，我很难辨别那对双胞胎。
②It’s
easy
to
tell
my
pills
apart
because
they
have
different
colours.
我的药片很容易区分，因为它们的颜色不一样。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①我分不清她们姐妹俩，她们长得太像了。
I
can’t
tell
her
from
her
sister.
They
are
much
alike.
②我从他父母脸上的表情可以看出他们正为他担心。
I
could
tell
by
the
expression
on
his
parents’
faces
that
they
were
worried
about
him.
as
long
as 只要
(＝so
long
as)；和……一样长
(教材P44)Perhaps
correctness
doesn’t
matter—as
long
as
speakers
can
understand
each
other—it’s
communication
that
counts.
也许正确与否并不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。
as
good
as...
与……一样好；几乎和……一样
as
far
as...
远至；就……而言
as
well
as...
和……一样好；除……之外，既……又……
as
soon
as...
一……就……
as
many/much
as...
多达……；和……一样多
①This
rope
is
three
times
as
long
as
that
one.
这条绳子是那条绳子的三倍长。
②
(江苏卷)One’s
life
has
value
as
long
as
one
brings
value
to
the
life
of
others.
一个人只要给别人的生活带来价值，他的生命就是有价值的。
[即学即练]——选词填空
(as
long
as/as
well
as/as
far
as/as
good
as)
①My
parents
don’t
care
what
job
I
do
as
long
as
I’m
happy.
②If
he
finds
out
that
I
am
lying,
I
am
as
good
as
dead.
③
(江西卷)Never
before
has
she
seen
anybody
who
can
play
tennis
as
well
as
Robert.
④As
far
as
I
am
concerned,
I
am
strongly
against
the
plan.
count v．很重要；数数，计算；指望
(教材P44)Perhaps
correctness
doesn’t
matter—as
long
as
speakers
can
understand
each
other—it’s
communication
that
counts.
也许正确与否并不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。
count
on
依靠，依赖，指望
count
sb.
in/out
把……算在内/不把……算在内
count
sb./sth.as...
认为……是……
①She
began
to
count
up
how
many
guests
they
had
to
invite.
她开始计算他们得邀请多少位客人。
②Many
people
will
say，“it’s
the
thought
that
counts”when
it
comes
to
gifts.
一提到礼物，许多人都会说“贵在心意”。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The
workers
are
hard working
and
reliable,
so
you
could
count
on
them
to
complete
(complete)
the
project
on
time.
②a.Go
and
see
how
many
chairs
we
have
in
that
classroom,
but
don’t
count
in
the
broken
ones.
b．If
you’re
going
out
tonight
you’ll
have
to
count
me
out.
I
have
to
prepare
for
the
interview
tomorrow.
③Beth
has
a
good
voice,
but
she
has
never
counted
herself
as
a
real
singer.
lie
in 在于；睡懒觉
(教材P44)But
the
main
differences
between
Australian
English
and
other
varieties
of
English
lie
in
the
individual
sounds
and
intonation
patterns.
但澳大利亚英语和其他英语变体的主要区别在于单音和语调模式。
lie
down
躺下
lie
in/on/to
the
east
of...
位于……的东部/东面
(分别表示在范围内/交界/不交界)
①The
solution
to
the
problem
lies
in
the
improvement
of
the
economic
environment.
这个问题的解决方法在于改善经济环境。
②She
told
me
that
happiness
lies
in
helping
others
to
be
happy.
她告诉我快乐的真谛在于帮助他人获得快乐。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①You
looked
pale!
Please
lie
down
on
the
bed.
Let
me
examine
for
you.
②China,
lying
(lie)
in
the
east
of
Asia,
is
a
rapidly
developing
country.
[链接写作]——同义句转换
③The
accident
lied
in
the
driver’s
driving
after
drinking
heavily.
→The
driver’s
driving
after
drinking
heavily
led
to
the
accident.
debate n．辩论；讨论
v．争论；讨论
(教材P45)Today
there
is
a
debate
in
Singapore
about
which
variety
of
English
is
the
best:
Singlish,
or
a
variety
closer
to
British
English,
which
is
the
aim
of
the
Speak
Good
English
Movement
created
in
1999.
如今在新加坡还有关于哪种英语变体最好的争论：是新加坡式英语还是一种更接近于英式英语的变体，这也是1999年开始开展“讲好英语运动”的目的。
(1)debate
with
sb.about/on/over
sth.
和某人就某事辩论
(2)have
a
debate
with
sb.
about/on/over
sth.
与某人就某事争论
under
debate
正在讨论中
①The
students
had
a
heated
debate
on
the
topic.
学生们就这个话题进行了激烈的辩论。
②
(牛津词典)The
committee
will
debate
whether
to
lower
the
age
of
club
membership
to
16.
委员会将讨论是否将参加俱乐部的年龄限制放宽到16岁。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We
debated
with
our
maths
teacher
about
the
solutions
to
the
problems
yesterday.
②
(湖南卷)This
Christmas
I
was
debating
what
to
give
(give)
my
father.
③One
problem
under
debate
at
present
is
what
measures
should
be
taken
to
deal
with
the
severe
air
pollution.
[链接写作]——一句多译
他们就是否实施这个计划进行了激烈的辩论。
④They
debated
heatedly
about
whether
to
carry
out
the
plan.
(debate
v．)
⑤They
had
a
heated
debate
about
whether
to
carry
out
the
plan.
(debate
n．)
as
many...as...……和……一样多
(教材P44)
You
could
say
that
there
are
as
many
varieties
of
English,
or
any
other
language
for
that
matter,
as
there
are
speakers
of
it.
就此而论，你可以说，对于英语，或者任何别的语言而言，有多少使用者，该语言就有多少种变体。
句中“as
many
varieties
of
English...as
there
are
speakers
of
it”属于“as
...as
...结构”。
“as...as...”结构的常见形式：
(1)as＋adj./adv.＋as＋比较对象
(2)as＋adj.＋a
(n)＋可数名词单数＋as＋比较对象
(3)as＋many/much/few/little/...＋名词＋as＋比较对象
①You’ve
made
as
many
mistakes
as
I
have.
你犯的错误和我犯的错误一样多。
②To
eat
too
much
is
as
much
a
bad
thing
as
to
eat
nothing.
吃太多和什么都不吃同样是坏事。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。
This
dictionary
is
not
as/so
useful
as
you
think.
②我们在博物馆的时间不如我期望的那么长。
We
didn’t
spend
as
much
time
at
the
museum
as
I
had
hoped.
③公司现在雇用的女职员是男职员的四倍。
The
company
now
employs
four
times
as
many
women
as
men.
as...as...结构若有修饰成分，如twice,
three
times,
half,
a
quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。
品句填词
1．What
counts
(很重要)
is
not
your
appearance
but
your
ability.
2．You
just
dip
the
point
of
the
pen
in
ink
and
press
it
here,
then
the
pen
is
filled
instantly
(立刻)．
3．A
series
of
debates
(讨论)
between
the
lecturers
is
scheduled
for
next
weekend.
4．I
came
from
the
north
and
can’t
understand
the
southern
dialect
(方言)．
5．This
kind
of
flowers
looks
unique
(独特的)
because
you
can’t
find
it
in
other
countries.
6．The
author
(作者)
has
illustrated
the
book
with
some
excellent
pictures.
7．My
wallet
has
been
missing
for
several
days
and
I
can’t
find
any
trace
(痕迹)
of
it.
8．The
Eiffel
Tower
in
Paris
is
an
easily
recognisable
(可辨认的)
landmark.
9．Does
it
matter
(有关系)
if
an
increasing
number
of
people
speak
the
same
language
10．My
ancestors
(祖先)
settled
in
this
place
about
200
years
ago.
课文语法填空
English
is
spoken
as
1.an
official
language
in
more
than
60
countries
and
it
can
sound
very
2.different
(difference)
from
place
to
place.
Pronunciation,
as
well
as
grammar
and
vocabulary,
can
change
very
quickly
from
one
area
to
3.another.
In
fact，there
is
not
4.really
(real)
a
standard
form
that
everyone
can
agree
on.
Perhaps
correctness
doesn’t
matter—as
long
as
speakers
can
understand
each
other—it’s
communication
5.that
counts.
Australia
is
one
of
the
youngest
nations
in
the
world.
The
first
English
speakers
arrived
there
little
more
than
200
years
ago.
They
found
a
people
who
6.had
been
living
(live)
in
Australia
for
more
than
50，000
years—the
Aborigines.
Many
of
the
Aboriginal
words
soon
passed
into
the
language.
The
main
7.differences
(different)
between
Australian
English
and
other
varieties
of
English
lie
8.in
the
individual
sounds
and
intonation
patterns.
But
in
Singapore,
English
is
a
second
language
9.spoken
(speak)
by
about
half
the
population.
The
most
common
variety
of
English,
which
has
been
influenced
in
particular
by
Malay
and
the
Chinese
dialect
Hokkien,
10.is
known
(know)
as
Singlish.
单句语法填空
1．(江苏卷)The
whole
team
count
on_Cristiano
Ronaldo,
and
he
seldom
lets
them
down.
2．The
key
to
resolving
the
unemployment
problem
lies
in
creating
more
job
opportunities.
3．—Do
you
have
a
minute？I’ve
got
something
to
tell
you.
—OK,
as
long
as
you
make
it
short.
4．The
two
sides
debated
with
each
other
about/on/over
who
was
the
better
for
a
whole
day.
5．(重庆卷)All
people,
whether
they
are
old
or
young,
rich
or
poor,
have
been
trying
their
best
to
help
those
in
need
since
the
disaster.
6．Was
it
when
he
was
playing
volleyball
on
the
playground
that
he
got
hurt
7．The
girl
ran
to
tell
her
teachers
that
she
had
been
accepted
by
a
key
university
instantly
(instant)
she
got
the
notice.
8．My
bicycle
and
my
brother’s
bicycle
look
so
similar
that
it’s
hard
for
me
to
tell
(tell)
them
apart.
9．—Johnny,
what
time
did
you
get
home
from
your
trip
to
Africa
—Hi,
Dad.
We
got
home
late
last
night,
or
rather,
early
this
morning.
10．(2019·江西上饶中学高二月考)She
is
an
American,
but
she
likes
learning
Chinese.
She
says
Chinese
is
as
popular
(popularity)
a
language
as
English.
阅读理解
A
English
is
an
important
global
language,
but
that
doesn’t
mean
it’s
easy
to
learn.
Many
experts
have
tried
to
make
English
easier
for
students
to
learn—but
they
weren’t
always
successful.
In
1930，Professor
C．K.Ogden
of
Cambridge
University
invented
Basic
English.
It
had
only
850
words
(and
just
eighteen
verbs)
and
Ogden
said
most
people
could
learn
it
in
just
thirty
hours.
The
problem
was
that
people
who
learned
Basic
English
could
write
and
say
simple
messages,
but
they
couldn’t
understand
the
answers
in
“real”
English.
It
was
also
impossible
to
explain
a
word
if
it
wasn’t
in
the
Basic
English
word
list.For
example，if
you
wanted
a
watermelon,
you
asked
for
“a
large
green
fruit
with
the
form
of
an
egg,
which
has
a
sweet
red
inside
and
a
good
taste”．
R．E.
Zachrisson,
a
university
professor
in
Sweden,
decided
that
the
biggest
problem
for
learners
of
English
was
spelling,
so
he
invented
a
language
called
Anglic.
Anglic
was
similar
to
English,
but
with
much
simpler
spelling.
“Father”
became
“faadher”，
“new”
became
“nue”
and“years”
became
“yeerz”.
Unfortunately
for
some
students
of
English,
Anglic
never
became
popular.
Even
easier
is
the
language
which
a
ship’s
captain
uses:
it’s
called
“seaspeak”.
Seaspeak
uses
a
few
simple
phrases
for
every
possible
situation.
In
seaspeak,
for
example
you
don’t
say，“I’m
sorry.
What
did
you
say？”
or
“I
didn’t
understand.
Can
you
repeat
that？”It’s
just“Say
again.”
No
more
grammar.
In
the
age
of
international
communication
through
the
Internet,
a
new
form
of
English
might
appear.
A
large
number
of
the
world’s
emails
are
in
English
and
include
examples
of“NetLingo”like
OIC
(Oh,
I
see)
and
TTYL
(Talk
to
you
later).
In
another
fifty
years,
English
might
not
exist
and
we
will
probably
all
speak
fluent“Internetish”．
【解题导语】 英语是全球性的语言。为了让更多的学生掌握英语，许多专家试图让英语变得更容易学习——但并不是很成功。
1．It
will
take
a
person
about________
weeks
to
learn
Basic
English
if
he
spends
two
hours
learning
it
every
day.
A．six
B．four
C．three
D．two
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“...Ogden
said
most
people
could
learn
it
in
just
thirty
hours.”可知，每天学习两个小时的话，大约要用两周的时间。
2．According
to
Professor
Zachrisson,
what
was
the
biggest
problem
for
learners
of
English
A．Grammar.
B．Vocabulary.
C．Spelling.
D．Speaking.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“R.E.Zachrisson，a
university
professor
in
Sweden，decided
that
the
biggest
problem
for
learners
of
English
was
spelling...”可知选C项。
3．Which
of
the
following
is
likely
to
be
Anglic
A．A
graet
batl.
B．IOU.
C．Long
time
no
see.
D．Two
five,
no
lights.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Anglic
was
similar
to
English，but
with
much
simpler
spelling.‘Father’
became
‘faadher’，‘new’became‘nue’and‘years’
became
‘yeerz’．”可知选A项。
4．What
might
happen
to
English
in
another
fifty
years
A．It
might
become
a
global
language.
B．It
might
be
replaced
by
“Internetish”．
C．It
might
take
the
place
of
all
other
languages.
D．It
might
become
more
and
more
difficult.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句中“In
another
fifty
years，English
might
not
exist
and
we
will
probably
all
speak
fluent‘Internetish’．”可知选B项。
B
Wild
elephants
can
tell
whether
a
voice
comes
from
a
man,
a
woman
or
a
boy,
a
new
study
says.
That’s
what
researchers
found
when
they
played
recordings
of
people
for
elephants
in
Kenya.
Scientists
say
this
is
an
advanced
thinking
skill
that
other
animals
haven’t
shown.
It
lets
elephants
figure
out
who
is
a
threat
and
who
isn’t.
The
result
shows
that
the
clever
animals
are
also
studying
people,
said
study
author
Karen
McComb.
“Basically,
they
have
developed
this
very
rich
knowledge
of
the
humans
that
they
share
their
habitat
with，”said
McComb,
a
professor
at
the
University
of
Sussex
in
England.“Memory
is
key.
They
must
build
up
that
knowledge
somehow.”
The
study
was
released
on
Monday
in
the
Proceedings
of
the
National
Academy
of
Sciences.
It’s
close
to
but
not
quite
like
the
Dr.
Seuss
book,
where
the
elephant
Horton
hears
something
that
others
can’t
hear.
McComb
and
colleagues
went
to
Amboseli
National
Park
in
Kenya,
where
hundreds
of
wild
elephants
live
among
humans,
sometimes
coming
in
conflict
over
scarce
water.
The
scientists
used
voice
recordings
of
Maasai
men,
who
on
occasion
kill
elephants,
and
Kamba
men，who
are
less
of
a
threat
to
the
elephants.
As
a
result,
the
elephants
reacted
more
defensively—retreating
and
gathering
in
a
bunch—to
the
Maasai
language
recording
because
it
was
associated
with
the
more
threatening
human
tribe，said
study
co author
Graeme
Shannon.
They
repeated
the
experiment
with
recordings
of
Maasai
men
and
women.
Since
women
almost
never
spear
elephants，the
animals
reacted
less
defensively
to
the
women’s
voices.
The
same
thing
happened
when
they
substituted
young
boys’
voices.“Making
this
kind
of
fine
distinctions
in
human
voice
patterns
is
quite
remarkable，”said
Emory
University
animal
cognition
expert
Frans
de
Waal，who
was
not
part
of
the
study.
【解题导语】 研究表明野生大象能够识别男、女和男孩的声音，它们通过思维区分声音并判断谁能对他们产生威胁。
5．Who
were
the
people
taking
part
in
the
study
A．Frans
de
Waal
and
Karen
McComb.
B．Dr.Seuss
and
Graeme
Shannon.
C．Graeme
Shannon
and
Frans
de
Waal.
D．Karen
McComb
and
Graeme
Shannon.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“study
author
Karen
McComb”和第六段中的“study
co author
Graeme
Shannon”可知，Karen
McComb和Graeme
Shannon都参加了研究，故选D项。
6．What
can
wild
elephants
benefit
from
their
special
ability
A．Identifying
and
avoiding
possible
danger.
B．Growing
much
faster
than
any
other
animals.
C．Having
a
better
understanding
of
humans.
D．Developing
their
language
skills.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Scientists
say
this
is
an
advanced
thinking
skill
that
other
animals
haven’t
shown.
It
lets
elephants
figure
out
who
is
a
threat
and
who
isn’t.”可知，这种高等的思维方式使野象能够分辨出谁能对他们造成威胁，这样它们可以避免可能的危险，故A项是正确的。
7．Which
can
replace
the
underlined
word
“substituted”
in
the
last
paragraph
A．distinguished
B．repeated
C．used
D．compared
C 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句中的“The
same
thing
happened”指的是前一句中的“the
animals
reacted
less
defensively
to
the
women’s
voices”，画线词所在句讲的是野象对年轻男孩的声音做出的反应，说明当时研究者在对野象播放年轻男孩的声音，故选C项。
8．What
does
the
passage
mainly
talk
about
A．Wild
elephants
can
distinguish
human
languages.
B．The
conflict
between
humans
and
wild
elephants
is
growing.
C．Wild
elephants
use
language
skills
to
make
discrimination.
D．Wild
elephants
can
build
up
good
memory
and
learn
tricks.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一句中的“Wild
elephants
can
tell
whether
a
voice
comes
from
a
man，a
woman
or
a
boy”和全文内容可知，野象能够通过人的声音区分不同人类群体的性别和年龄，故选A项
(野象能够区分人类的语言)。
七选五
How
to
Make
Good
Conversation
“Conversation
is
the
most
sociable
of
all
human
activities.”
I
totally
agree
with
this
point.
Conversation
is
the
main
part
of
everyone’s
daily
life.
1.________
What’s
more,
good
conversation
is
the
most
interesting
part
for
us.In
my
view,
you
should
pay
attention
to
the
following
three
issues
to
make
good
conversation.
To
start
good
conversation
we’d
better
prepare
some
questions.
2.________
We
can
ask
some
questions
to
show
our
politeness
and
care
for
others.
Like,
do
you
have
a
good
sleep
last
night
Or
what
do
you
do
in
your
spare
time
Think
twice
before
you
throw
a
question
to
others.
3．________
We
should
pay
attention
to
what
others
said
and
think
in
their
shoes.Allow
the
others
to
do
most
of
the
talking.
Be
patient
and
hold
interest
for
their
comments
and
make
some
noise
to
show
you
are
listening
carefully.
4.________
In
this
way
you
will
get
the
credit
for
being
a
good
conversationalist
as
well
as
a
good
listener
and
it
will
help
you
to
make
friends
with
others.
We
always
said
eyes
are
the
windows
to
the
soul.
Appropriate
eye
contact
is
like
a
great
element
of
the
main
dish
which
makes
it
more
delicious.
5.________
It
will
help
us
to
improve
mutual
(相互的)
understanding.Do
not
hesitate
to
look
into
them.But
don’t
stare
at
them
and
don’t
look
at
them
for
too
long
a
time.It
would
make
others
feel
uneasy
and
unwilling
to
go
on
talking.
A．Good
questions
make
people
feel
comfortable.
B．Without
conversation,
life
would
be
as
cold
as
a
rock.
C．The
most
important
part
of
conversation
is
to
listen.
D．Enjoy
good
conversation
and
be
friends
with
them.
E．Do
not
interrupt
others
when
they
share
their
views
excitedly.
F．They
have
some
ideas
that
they
want
us
to
know
and
even
convince
us.
G．During
conversation,
we
should
look
the
speakers
in
the
eye
friendly.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了与人交谈应注意的三个方面。
1．B 解析：根据空前的“Conversation
is
the
main
part
of
everyone’s
daily
life.”可知，交谈是每个人日常生活中的重要部分，空处承接上文，进一步说明交谈在日常生活中的重要性，故B项“没有交谈，生活会冷若磐石”符合语境。
2．A 解析：根据本段的主题句“To
start
good
conversation
we’d
better
prepare
some
questions.”可知，我们在开始交谈前最好准备一些问题，再结合空后的“We
can
ask
some
questions
to
show
our
politeness
and
care
for
others.”可知，空处应是在说明问问题的益处，故A项“好的问题会让人感到舒服”符合语境。
3．C 解析：根据下文中的“pay
attention
to
what
others
said
and
think
in
their
shoes”“Allow
the
others
to
do
most
of
the
talking.”“show
you
are
listening
carefully”和“a
good
listener”可知，本段主要讲的是倾听方面的内容，故C项“交谈中最重要的部分是倾听”符合语境。
4．E 解析：根据上文中的“Be
patient
and
hold
interest
for
their
comments
and
make
some
noise
to
show
you
are
listening
carefully.”可知，空处应是对上文中“listening
carefully”的进一步说明，故E项“当他们兴奋地分享观点时不要打断他们”符合语境。
5．G 解析：根据本段的内容可知，本段主要说明的是交谈中眼神交流的重要性，G项中的“look
the
speakers
in
the
eye”与上文中的“eye
contact”及下文中的“look
into
them”相呼应，故G项符合语境。品句填词
1．What
counts
(很重要)
is
not
your
appearance
but
your
ability.
2．You
just
dip
the
point
of
the
pen
in
ink
and
press
it
here,
then
the
pen
is
filled
instantly
(立刻)．
3．A
series
of
debates
(讨论)
between
the
lecturers
is
scheduled
for
next
weekend.
4．I
came
from
the
north
and
can’t
understand
the
southern
dialect
(方言)．
5．This
kind
of
flowers
looks
unique
(独特的)
because
you
can’t
find
it
in
other
countries.
6．The
author
(作者)
has
illustrated
the
book
with
some
excellent
pictures.
7．My
wallet
has
been
missing
for
several
days
and
I
can’t
find
any
trace
(痕迹)
of
it.
8．The
Eiffel
Tower
in
Paris
is
an
easily
recognisable
(可辨认的)
landmark.
9．Does
it
matter
(有关系)
if
an
increasing
number
of
people
speak
the
same
language
10．My
ancestors
(祖先)
settled
in
this
place
about
200
years
ago.
课文语法填空
English
is
spoken
as
1.an
official
language
in
more
than
60
countries
and
it
can
sound
very
2.different
(difference)
from
place
to
place.
Pronunciation,
as
well
as
grammar
and
vocabulary,
can
change
very
quickly
from
one
area
to
3.another.
In
fact，there
is
not
4.really
(real)
a
standard
form
that
everyone
can
agree
on.
Perhaps
correctness
doesn’t
matter—as
long
as
speakers
can
understand
each
other—it’s
communication
5.that
counts.
Australia
is
one
of
the
youngest
nations
in
the
world.
The
first
English
speakers
arrived
there
little
more
than
200
years
ago.
They
found
a
people
who
6.had
been
living
(live)
in
Australia
for
more
than
50，000
years—the
Aborigines.
Many
of
the
Aboriginal
words
soon
passed
into
the
language.
The
main
7.differences
(different)
between
Australian
English
and
other
varieties
of
English
lie
8.in
the
individual
sounds
and
intonation
patterns.
But
in
Singapore,
English
is
a
second
language
9.spoken
(speak)
by
about
half
the
population.
The
most
common
variety
of
English,
which
has
been
influenced
in
particular
by
Malay
and
the
Chinese
dialect
Hokkien,
10.is
known
(know)
as
Singlish.
单句语法填空
1．(江苏卷)The
whole
team
count
on_Cristiano
Ronaldo,
and
he
seldom
lets
them
down.
2．The
key
to
resolving
the
unemployment
problem
lies
in
creating
more
job
opportunities.
3．—Do
you
have
a
minute？I’ve
got
something
to
tell
you.
—OK,
as
long
as
you
make
it
short.
4．The
two
sides
debated
with
each
other
about/on/over
who
was
the
better
for
a
whole
day.
5．(重庆卷)All
people,
whether
they
are
old
or
young,
rich
or
poor,
have
been
trying
their
best
to
help
those
in
need
since
the
disaster.
6．Was
it
when
he
was
playing
volleyball
on
the
playground
that
he
got
hurt
7．The
girl
ran
to
tell
her
teachers
that
she
had
been
accepted
by
a
key
university
instantly
(instant)
she
got
the
notice.
8．My
bicycle
and
my
brother’s
bicycle
look
so
similar
that
it’s
hard
for
me
to
tell
(tell)
them
apart.
9．—Johnny,
what
time
did
you
get
home
from
your
trip
to
Africa
—Hi,
Dad.
We
got
home
late
last
night,
or
rather,
early
this
morning.
10．(2019·江西上饶中学高二月考)She
is
an
American,
but
she
likes
learning
Chinese.
She
says
Chinese
is
as
popular
(popularity)
a
language
as
English.
阅读理解
A
English
is
an
important
global
language,
but
that
doesn’t
mean
it’s
easy
to
learn.
Many
experts
have
tried
to
make
English
easier
for
students
to
learn—but
they
weren’t
always
successful.
In
1930，Professor
C．K.Ogden
of
Cambridge
University
invented
Basic
English.
It
had
only
850
words
(and
just
eighteen
verbs)
and
Ogden
said
most
people
could
learn
it
in
just
thirty
hours.
The
problem
was
that
people
who
learned
Basic
English
could
write
and
say
simple
messages,
but
they
couldn’t
understand
the
answers
in
“real”
English.
It
was
also
impossible
to
explain
a
word
if
it
wasn’t
in
the
Basic
English
word
list.For
example，if
you
wanted
a
watermelon,
you
asked
for
“a
large
green
fruit
with
the
form
of
an
egg,
which
has
a
sweet
red
inside
and
a
good
taste”．
R．E.
Zachrisson,
a
university
professor
in
Sweden,
decided
that
the
biggest
problem
for
learners
of
English
was
spelling,
so
he
invented
a
language
called
Anglic.
Anglic
was
similar
to
English,
but
with
much
simpler
spelling.
“Father”
became
“faadher”，
“new”
became
“nue”
and“years”
became
“yeerz”.
Unfortunately
for
some
students
of
English,
Anglic
never
became
popular.
Even
easier
is
the
language
which
a
ship’s
captain
uses:
it’s
called
“seaspeak”.
Seaspeak
uses
a
few
simple
phrases
for
every
possible
situation.
In
seaspeak,
for
example
you
don’t
say，“I’m
sorry.
What
did
you
say？”
or
“I
didn’t
understand.
Can
you
repeat
that？”It’s
just“Say
again.”
No
more
grammar.
In
the
age
of
international
communication
through
the
Internet,
a
new
form
of
English
might
appear.
A
large
number
of
the
world’s
emails
are
in
English
and
include
examples
of“NetLingo”like
OIC
(Oh,
I
see)
and
TTYL
(Talk
to
you
later).
In
another
fifty
years,
English
might
not
exist
and
we
will
probably
all
speak
fluent“Internetish”．
【解题导语】 英语是全球性的语言。为了让更多的学生掌握英语，许多专家试图让英语变得更容易学习——但并不是很成功。
1．It
will
take
a
person
about________
weeks
to
learn
Basic
English
if
he
spends
two
hours
learning
it
every
day.
A．six
B．four
C．three
D．two
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“...Ogden
said
most
people
could
learn
it
in
just
thirty
hours.”可知，每天学习两个小时的话，大约要用两周的时间。
2．According
to
Professor
Zachrisson,
what
was
the
biggest
problem
for
learners
of
English
A．Grammar.
B．Vocabulary.
C．Spelling.
D．Speaking.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“R.E.Zachrisson，a
university
professor
in
Sweden，decided
that
the
biggest
problem
for
learners
of
English
was
spelling...”可知选C项。
3．Which
of
the
following
is
likely
to
be
Anglic
A．A
graet
batl.
B．IOU.
C．Long
time
no
see.
D．Two
five,
no
lights.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Anglic
was
similar
to
English，but
with
much
simpler
spelling.‘Father’
became
‘faadher’，‘new’became‘nue’and‘years’
became
‘yeerz’．”可知选A项。
4．What
might
happen
to
English
in
another
fifty
years
A．It
might
become
a
global
language.
B．It
might
be
replaced
by
“Internetish”．
C．It
might
take
the
place
of
all
other
languages.
D．It
might
become
more
and
more
difficult.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句中“In
another
fifty
years，English
might
not
exist
and
we
will
probably
all
speak
fluent‘Internetish’．”可知选B项。
B
Wild
elephants
can
tell
whether
a
voice
comes
from
a
man,
a
woman
or
a
boy,
a
new
study
says.
That’s
what
researchers
found
when
they
played
recordings
of
people
for
elephants
in
Kenya.
Scientists
say
this
is
an
advanced
thinking
skill
that
other
animals
haven’t
shown.
It
lets
elephants
figure
out
who
is
a
threat
and
who
isn’t.
The
result
shows
that
the
clever
animals
are
also
studying
people,
said
study
author
Karen
McComb.
“Basically,
they
have
developed
this
very
rich
knowledge
of
the
humans
that
they
share
their
habitat
with，”said
McComb,
a
professor
at
the
University
of
Sussex
in
England.“Memory
is
key.
They
must
build
up
that
knowledge
somehow.”
The
study
was
released
on
Monday
in
the
Proceedings
of
the
National
Academy
of
Sciences.
It’s
close
to
but
not
quite
like
the
Dr.
Seuss
book,
where
the
elephant
Horton
hears
something
that
others
can’t
hear.
McComb
and
colleagues
went
to
Amboseli
National
Park
in
Kenya,
where
hundreds
of
wild
elephants
live
among
humans,
sometimes
coming
in
conflict
over
scarce
water.
The
scientists
used
voice
recordings
of
Maasai
men,
who
on
occasion
kill
elephants,
and
Kamba
men，who
are
less
of
a
threat
to
the
elephants.
As
a
result,
the
elephants
reacted
more
defensively—retreating
and
gathering
in
a
bunch—to
the
Maasai
language
recording
because
it
was
associated
with
the
more
threatening
human
tribe，said
study
co author
Graeme
Shannon.
They
repeated
the
experiment
with
recordings
of
Maasai
men
and
women.
Since
women
almost
never
spear
elephants，the
animals
reacted
less
defensively
to
the
women’s
voices.
The
same
thing
happened
when
they
substituted
young
boys’
voices.“Making
this
kind
of
fine
distinctions
in
human
voice
patterns
is
quite
remarkable，”said
Emory
University
animal
cognition
expert
Frans
de
Waal，who
was
not
part
of
the
study.
【解题导语】 研究表明野生大象能够识别男、女和男孩的声音，它们通过思维区分声音并判断谁能对他们产生威胁。
5．Who
were
the
people
taking
part
in
the
study
A．Frans
de
Waal
and
Karen
McComb.
B．Dr.Seuss
and
Graeme
Shannon.
C．Graeme
Shannon
and
Frans
de
Waal.
D．Karen
McComb
and
Graeme
Shannon.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“study
author
Karen
McComb”和第六段中的“study
co author
Graeme
Shannon”可知，Karen
McComb和Graeme
Shannon都参加了研究，故选D项。
6．What
can
wild
elephants
benefit
from
their
special
ability
A．Identifying
and
avoiding
possible
danger.
B．Growing
much
faster
than
any
other
animals.
C．Having
a
better
understanding
of
humans.
D．Developing
their
language
skills.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Scientists
say
this
is
an
advanced
thinking
skill
that
other
animals
haven’t
shown.
It
lets
elephants
figure
out
who
is
a
threat
and
who
isn’t.”可知，这种高等的思维方式使野象能够分辨出谁能对他们造成威胁，这样它们可以避免可能的危险，故A项是正确的。
7．Which
can
replace
the
underlined
word
“substituted”
in
the
last
paragraph
A．distinguished
B．repeated
C．used
D．compared
C 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句中的“The
same
thing
happened”指的是前一句中的“the
animals
reacted
less
defensively
to
the
women’s
voices”，画线词所在句讲的是野象对年轻男孩的声音做出的反应，说明当时研究者在对野象播放年轻男孩的声音，故选C项。
8．What
does
the
passage
mainly
talk
about
A．Wild
elephants
can
distinguish
human
languages.
B．The
conflict
between
humans
and
wild
elephants
is
growing.
C．Wild
elephants
use
language
skills
to
make
discrimination.
D．Wild
elephants
can
build
up
good
memory
and
learn
tricks.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一句中的“Wild
elephants
can
tell
whether
a
voice
comes
from
a
man，a
woman
or
a
boy”和全文内容可知，野象能够通过人的声音区分不同人类群体的性别和年龄，故选A项
(野象能够区分人类的语言)。
七选五
How
to
Make
Good
Conversation
“Conversation
is
the
most
sociable
of
all
human
activities.”
I
totally
agree
with
this
point.
Conversation
is
the
main
part
of
everyone’s
daily
life.
1.________
What’s
more,
good
conversation
is
the
most
interesting
part
for
us.In
my
view,
you
should
pay
attention
to
the
following
three
issues
to
make
good
conversation.
To
start
good
conversation
we’d
better
prepare
some
questions.
2.________
We
can
ask
some
questions
to
show
our
politeness
and
care
for
others.
Like,
do
you
have
a
good
sleep
last
night
Or
what
do
you
do
in
your
spare
time
Think
twice
before
you
throw
a
question
to
others.
3．________
We
should
pay
attention
to
what
others
said
and
think
in
their
shoes.Allow
the
others
to
do
most
of
the
talking.
Be
patient
and
hold
interest
for
their
comments
and
make
some
noise
to
show
you
are
listening
carefully.
4.________
In
this
way
you
will
get
the
credit
for
being
a
good
conversationalist
as
well
as
a
good
listener
and
it
will
help
you
to
make
friends
with
others.
We
always
said
eyes
are
the
windows
to
the
soul.
Appropriate
eye
contact
is
like
a
great
element
of
the
main
dish
which
makes
it
more
delicious.
5.________
It
will
help
us
to
improve
mutual
(相互的)
understanding.Do
not
hesitate
to
look
into
them.But
don’t
stare
at
them
and
don’t
look
at
them
for
too
long
a
time.It
would
make
others
feel
uneasy
and
unwilling
to
go
on
talking.
A．Good
questions
make
people
feel
comfortable.
B．Without
conversation,
life
would
be
as
cold
as
a
rock.
C．The
most
important
part
of
conversation
is
to
listen.
D．Enjoy
good
conversation
and
be
friends
with
them.
E．Do
not
interrupt
others
when
they
share
their
views
excitedly.
F．They
have
some
ideas
that
they
want
us
to
know
and
even
convince
us.
G．During
conversation,
we
should
look
the
speakers
in
the
eye
friendly.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了与人交谈应注意的三个方面。
1．B 解析：根据空前的“Conversation
is
the
main
part
of
everyone’s
daily
life.”可知，交谈是每个人日常生活中的重要部分，空处承接上文，进一步说明交谈在日常生活中的重要性，故B项“没有交谈，生活会冷若磐石”符合语境。
2．A 解析：根据本段的主题句“To
start
good
conversation
we’d
better
prepare
some
questions.”可知，我们在开始交谈前最好准备一些问题，再结合空后的“We
can
ask
some
questions
to
show
our
politeness
and
care
for
others.”可知，空处应是在说明问问题的益处，故A项“好的问题会让人感到舒服”符合语境。
3．C 解析：根据下文中的“pay
attention
to
what
others
said
and
think
in
their
shoes”“Allow
the
others
to
do
most
of
the
talking.”“show
you
are
listening
carefully”和“a
good
listener”可知，本段主要讲的是倾听方面的内容，故C项“交谈中最重要的部分是倾听”符合语境。
4．E 解析：根据上文中的“Be
patient
and
hold
interest
for
their
comments
and
make
some
noise
to
show
you
are
listening
carefully.”可知，空处应是对上文中“listening
carefully”的进一步说明，故E项“当他们兴奋地分享观点时不要打断他们”符合语境。
5．G 解析：根据本段的内容可知，本段主要说明的是交谈中眼神交流的重要性，G项中的“look
the
speakers
in
the
eye”与上文中的“eye
contact”及下文中的“look
into
them”相呼应，故G项符合语境。英语已经成为国际化语言，每天都有很多人在国际交流中使用英语，掌握英语变得越来越重要。
English
Around
the
World
English
is
a
language
spoken
all
around
the
world.
There
are
more
than
42
countries
where
the
majority
(大多数)
of
the
people
speak
English.
Most
native
(本国的，当地的)
speakers
of
English
are
found
in
the
United
Kingdom,
the
United
States
of
America,
Canada,
Australia,
Ireland
and
New
Zealand.
In
total,
for
more
than
375
million
people
English
is
their
mother
tongue.
An
equal
number
of
people
learn
English
as
a
second
language.
These
people
will
perhaps
speak
the
language
of
their
own
country
at
home
with
their
family,
but
the
language
of
the
government,
schools,
newspapers
and
TV
is
English.
This
situation
is
found
in
countries
such
as
India,
Pakistan,
Nigeria
and
the
Philippines.
In
only
fifty
years,
English
has
developed
into
the
language
most
widely
spoken
and
used
in
the
world.
English
is
the
working
language
of
most
international
(国际的)
organizations,
international
trade
and
tourism.
Businessmen
and
tourists
often
come
to
China
without
being
able
to
speak
Chinese.
Chinese
businessmen,
taxi
drivers
and
students
talk
with
them
using
English.
English
is
also
the
language
of
global
culture,
such
as
popular
music
and
the
Internet.
You
can
listen
to
English
songs
on
the
radio
or
use
English
to
communicate
with
people
around
the
world
through
the
Internet.
With
so
many
people
communicating
in
English
every
day,
it
will
become
more
and
more
important
to
have
a
good
knowledge
of
English.
Section
Ⅰ Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.
matter
v．
重要，要紧；有关系
2.count
v.
很重要；很有价值
3.link
n．
联系
4.debate
n.
讨论；辩论
拓展词汇
5.instantly
adv.立即，马上→instant
adj.立即的；
紧急的n.瞬间；立刻
6.recognisable
adj.能辨认的，能认出的→recognise
v．认出；承认→recognition
n．认出；承认
阅读词汇
7.dialect
n．
方言，地方话
8.trace
n.
痕迹，踪迹
9.unique
adj.
独一无二的；独特的
10.author
n.
作家，作者
11.ancestor
n.
祖先，前辈
12.rhythm
n.
节奏；韵律
13.bilingual
adj.
双语的，会讲两种语言的
重点短语
1.in
this
sense
这种意义上讲
2.as
well
as
也，又
3.tell...apart
区分开
4.as
long
as
只要
5.or
rather
更确切地说
6.lie
in
在于
7.in
case
万一，要是，如果
8.in
particular
尤其，特别
重点句型
1.whether...or...无论/不管……还是……：In
this
sense
everybody’s
use
of
language—whether
English,
Chinese，or
any
other
(不管是英语、汉语，还是其他任何语言)—is
different.
2.as
many...as...……和……一样多：You
could
say
that
there
are
as
many
varieties
of
English
(英语有多少种变体),
or
any
other
language
for
that
matter,
as
there
are
speakers
of
it
(有多少使用者).
3.强调句型：Perhaps
correctness
doesn’t
matter—as
long
as
speakers
can
understand
each
other—it’s
communication
that
counts
(重要的是交流本身).
Read
the
text
and
match
the
main
idea
of
the
paragraphs.
1．Paras.1－3
A．English
spoken
in
Australia.
2．Paras.4－5
B．Though
everybody’s
use
of
English
is
different,
it’s
communication
that
counts.
3．Paras.6－7
C．English
spoken
in
Jamaica
and
Singapore.
答案：1－3.BAC
Read
the
text
carefully
and
choose
the
best
answer
according
to
the
text.
1．This
passage
is
mainly
about
________．
A．British
English
in
Australia
B．American
English
in
Jamaica
C．English
in
Singapore
D．varieties
of
English
2．What
did
the
author
think
the
woman
wanted
to
do
when
he
heard
Emma
Chissit
A．To
have
a
look
at
it.
B．To
ask
him
a
question.
C．To
buy
the
book.
D．To
sign
her
name
on
the
book.
3．It
is
impossible
to
tell
which
English
is
correct
because________．
A．most
people
don’t
agree
that
there
is
a
right
or
wrong
way
to
speak
English
B．the
development
of
English
has
produced
many
different
Englishes
C．a
perfect
English
model
hasn’t
been
set
up
D．people
only
pay
attention
to
how
they
can
communicate
4．In
spite
of
being
an
international
language,
English
has
many
varieties
because
________．
A．English
is
spoken
as
an
official
language
in
more
than
60
countries
B．people
like
speaking
English
C．English
is
very
popular
with
everybody
in
the
world
D．of
over
hundreds
of
years
of
trade,
exploration
and
business
答案：1－4.DDBD
Analyze
the
following
difficult
sentences
in
the
text.
1．They
came
from
all
over
Britain,
but
especially
from
Northern
Ireland
and
the
London
area,
which
is
why
the
Australian
accent
today
has
traces
of
both
Irish
and
cockney
speech
patterns.
eq
\a\vs4\al()
[翻译] 他们来自英国各地，但主要是来自北爱尔兰以及伦敦地区，这也是现在的澳大利亚英语带有爱尔兰和伦敦东区土话语言模式的原因。
答案：表语；非限制性定语
2．The
variety
of
English
spoken
in
Jamaica,
and
other
Caribbean
countries,
has
some
of
the
grammatical
features
of
the
African
languages
spoken
by
the
ancestors
of
the
Jamaican
people,
so
that
there
is
often
no
apostrophe
s
(’s)...or
no
link
verb
or
article...
eq
\a\vs4\al()
[翻译] 牙买加以及其他加勒比海沿岸国家的英语变体就有非洲语言的一些语法特征，牙买加人的祖先们使用的就是这些非洲语言，所以他们所使用的英语中通常没有表示所有格的撇号s
(’s)……也没有连系动词和冠词……
答案：定语；结果状语
①instantly['Inst ntli]adv.立即，马上
②recognisable['rek ɡ naIz bl]adj.能辨认的，能认出的
unrecognisable
adj.无法辨认的
③in
this
sense从这种意义上说
in
a
sense/in
one
sense/in
some
senses从某种意义上来说
④varieties
of
(＝various)
各种各样的
⑤for
that
matter在那方面，就此而论
⑥more
than
(＝over)
超过，多于
⑦from
place
to
place
(＝from
one
place
to
another)
到处
⑧as
well
as
(＝in
addition
to)
以及
⑨dialect['daI lekt]n.方言，地方话
⑩cockney['k kni]n.伦敦东区土话
tell...apart区分开
tell
A
from
B
(＝tell
A
and
B
apart＝tell
the
differences
between
A
and
B)区分A和B
agree
on指“
(双方或多方协商后)在……方面取得一致意见”。
because
of后跟名词
(短语)或代词。because后跟句子。
linguistics
n．语言学
matter['m t ]v.重要，要紧；有关系
It
doesn’t
matter...……并不重要。
matter
a
lot/a
great
deal非常重要
not
matter
much/matter
little不很重要
as
long
as只要
(引导条件状语从句，也可写作so
long
as)
count[ka nt]v.很重要；很有价值
(＝to
be
important/valuable)
or
rather更确切地说
(常用作插入语)
especially
adv.尤其，特别
trace[treIs]n.痕迹，踪迹
people在这里是“民族，种族”的意思，是可数名词。
Aborigine
n．澳大利亚土著
an
extraordinary
variety
of...种类异常丰富的……
unique[ju 'ni k]adj.独一无二的；独特的
be
unique
to
(对某地、某人、某民族来说)独特的，特有的
lie
in
(问题、答案、责任、困难等)在于
intonation[ Int 'neI n]n.语调
author[' θ ]n.作家，作者
in
case万一，以防，要是，如果
in
this/that
case如果这样/那样的话
in
case
of如果，假使
in
any
case无论如何，不管怎样
in
no
case决不，在任何情况下都不
(置于句首时，其后句子用部分倒装语序)
case
n．情况，事实
as
is
often
the
case正如常见的情形那样
feature
n．特征，特色
ancestor[' nsest ]n.祖先，前辈
apostrophe[ 'p str fi]n.表示所有格的撇号
link[lI k]n.联系
rhythm['rI m]n.节奏；韵律
rhythmic
adj.有节奏的
rhyme
n．押韵；同韵词
bilingual[baI'lI ɡw l]adj.双语的，会讲两种语言的
bi 是前缀，意为“二，两倍”。
while而，表示对比。
end
with以……结束
begin
with以……开始
in
particular
(＝particularly)特别，尤其
debate[dI'beIt]n.讨论；辩论
lively/heated/widespread/public
debate热烈的讨论/激烈的争论/广泛的讨论/公开的辩论
Which
English
When
you
receive
a
phone
call
from
a
friend,
how
long
does
it
take
you
to
know
who
it
is？A
few
seconds,
perhaps.
The
quality
of
someone’s
voice
and
their
choice
of
words
make
a
person
instantly①recognisable②，
even
though
you
can’t
see
him
or
her.
In
this
sense③
everybody’s
use
of
language—whether
English,
Chinese,
or
any
other—is
different.
You
could
say
that
there
are
as
many
varieties
of④
English,
or
any
other
language
for
that
matter⑤，
as
there
are
speakers
of
it.
◆When
you
receive
a
phone
call
from
a
friend是时间状语从句，主句中含有固定句式：It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.“某人花一段时间做某事”。who
it
is为宾语从句，用陈述语序。
◆even
though
you
can’t
see
him
or
her
是even
though引导的让步状语从句。
English
is
spoken
as
an
official
language
in
more
than⑥
60
countries
across
the
world
and
it
can
sound
very
different
from
place
to
place⑦.
Pronunciation,
as
well
as⑧
grammar
and
vocabulary,
can
change
very
quickly
from
one
area
to
another.
For
example,
within
London
the
most
famous
dialect⑨is
cockney⑩.
It
is
only
usually
spoken
by
people
from
the
east
of
that
city
so
it
is
not
the
only
form
of
English
you
will
hear.
You
can
usually
tell
which
part
of
the
English speaking
world
someone
comes
from
by
their
accent,
and
there
are
some
very
recognisable
accents
all
over
Britain.
It
is
also
quite
easy
to
tell
British
and
American
English
apart .
◆you
will
hear是定语从句，修饰the
only
form
of
English，此处省略了作宾语的关系代词that。
◆本句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to
tell...。
Although
most
people
believe
there
is
a
right
and
a
wrong
way
to
speak
English,
there
is
not
really
a
standard
form
that
everyone
can
agree
on .
English
spread
across
the
world
over
hundreds
of
years
because
of
trade,
exploration
and
business,
and
this
process
produced
many
different
Englishes.
Professors
of
linguistics ，
writers
and
teachers
all
worry
about
providing
a
perfect
model
to
follow
but
as
it
is
so
widely
spoken,
it
has
become
impossible
to
say
which
English
is
“correct”
and
which
is
“incorrect”.
Perhaps
correctness
doesn’t
matter —as
long
as
speakers
can
understand
each
other—it’s
communication
that
counts .
◆Although
most
people
believe
there
is
a
right
and
a
wrong
way...是Although引导的让步状语从句，该从句中there
is...English是believe的宾语。
◆that
everyone
can
agree
on是that引导的定语从句，修饰a
standard
form。
◆动词不定式to
follow作后置定语，修饰model。
◆as
it
is
so
widely
spoken是as引导的原因状语从句。
◆which
English
is“correct”and
which
is“incorrect”是and连接的两个宾语从句，作say的宾语。
◆it’s...that...是强调句型。
Australia
G’day!
D’ya
speak
Strine
Or
rather ，
Hello!
Do
you
speak
Australian
Australia
is
one
of
the
youngest
nations
in
the
world.
The
first
English
speakers
arrived
little
more
than
200
years
ago—and
they
didn’t
want
to.Most
of
them
were
prisoners
sent
there
to
work.
They
came
from
all
over
Britain,
but
especially
from
Northern
Ireland
and
the
London
area,
which
is
why
the
Australian
accent
today
has
traces
of
both
Irish
and
cockney
speech
patterns.
The
English
speakers
found
a
people
who
had
been
living
in
Australia
for
more
than
50，000
years—the
Aborigines,
and
an
extraordinary
variety
of
wildlife,
unique
to
the
continent.
Many
of
the
Aboriginal
words
for
these
animals,
such
as
kangaroo,
koala
and
kookaburra
soon
passed
into
the
language.
◆过去分词短语sent
there
to
work作后置定语，修饰prisoners。
◆who
had
been
living
in
Australia
for...是who引导的定语从句，修饰a
people。
But
the
main
differences
between
Australian
English
and
other
varieties
of
English
lie
in
the
individual
sounds
and
intonation
patterns.
Sometimes
it
is
difficult
for
British
and
American
people
to
understand
the
Australian
accent,
and
mistakes
are
common.
A
few
years
ago
a
well known
English
author
was
signing
copies
of
his
books
in
a
Sydney
bookshop.
A
customer
came
up
to
the
author
holding
a
copy
of
the
book
and
said
Emma
Chissit.
The
author
thought
that
Emma
Chissit
was
the
woman’s
name.
But
when
he
asked
how
to
spell
the
name，in
case
the
customer
wanted
him
to
write
her
name
in
the
book
(To
Emma
Chissit,
with
best
wishes),
he
realised
that
the
customer
had
been
asking
the
question:
How
much
is
it
◆it
is
difficult
for
British
and
American
people
to
understand...中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to
understand...。
◆holding
a
copy
of
the
book是现在分词短语作状语，表伴随。
◆had
been
asking是过去完成进行时。
Jamaica
and
Singapore
Australian
English
comes
directly
from
English
spoken
in
Britain.
But
in
other
countries
where
English
is
spoken
as
a
first
language
this
is
not
the
case.
The
variety
of
English
spoken
in
Jamaica,
and
other
Caribbean
countries,
has
some
of
the
grammatical
features
of
the
African
languages
spoken
by
the
ancestors
of
the
Jamaican
people,
so
that
there
is
often
no
apostrophe
s
(’s)
(that
woman
house,
instead
of
that
woman’s
house)
or
no
link
verb
or
article
(He
good
man,
instead
of
He’s
a
good
man).
Another
feature
is
the
rhythm.
It
is
the
rhythm
of
rap
music,
which
became
popular
in
the
US
in
the
1980s．
◆过去分词短语spoken
in
Britain作后置定语，修饰English。
◆where
English
is
spoken
as
a
first
language是where引导的定语从句，修饰other
countries。
◆which
became
popular
in
the
US
in
the
1980s
是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰the
rhythm
of
rap
music。
On
the
other
side
of
the
world,
in
Singapore,
English
is
a
second
language,
spoken
by
about
half
the
population.
Other
languages
include
Malay
and
Chinese.Almost
everyone
in
Singapore
is
bilingual,
while
some
people
speak
three
or
four
languages.
The
most
common
variety
of
English
spoken
is
known
as
Singlish.Sentences
in
Singlish
often
end
with
the
word
lah.
The
variety
has
been
influenced
in
particular
by
Malay
and
the
Chinese
dialect
Hokkien
(language
spoken
in
Minnan),
both
in
grammatical
features
and
vocabulary.
Today
there
is
a
debate
in
Singapore
about
which
variety
of
English
is
the
best：Singlish,
or
a
variety
closer
to
British
English,
which
is
the
aim
of
the
Speak
Good
English
Movement
created
in
1999．
◆which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容，并在从句中作主语。created
in
1999是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the
Speak
Good
English
Movement。
哪种英语？
当你接到朋友的电话的时候，你要花多久才能知道对方是谁？或许几秒钟而已。一个人的音质及措辞都能让这个人立即被辨认出来，即使你看不见他/她。从这种意义上说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语，还是其他任何语言——都是不同的。就此而论，你可以说，对于英语，或者任何别的语言而言，有多少使用者，该语言就有多少种变体。
英语在全世界60多个国家被作为官方语言使用，而且各地的英语听起来是非常不同的。发音以及语法、词汇在不同的地方都可能会很快发生变化。例如，在伦敦，最著名的方言是cockney
(伦敦腔)。通常只有伦敦东部的人说这种方言，因此它不是你能听到的唯一一种英语。根据口音，你通常能够分辨出人们来自说英语世界的哪个地区，而在英国各地也有一些非常易辨认的口音。要将英式英语和美式英语分辨开来也很容易。
尽管大多数人都相信说英语的方式有正确与错误之分，但是确实没有一种人人都认同的标准模式。几百年来由于贸易、探险以及商业的发展，英语已传播到世界各地，在此进程中产生了许多不同的英语。语言学教授、作家以及教师都为提供一种可以模仿的完美模式而忧虑，但是由于有那么多讲英语的人，要想说出哪种英语正确哪种英语错误已经变得不可能。也许正确与否并不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。
澳大利亚
G’day!
D’ya
speak
Strine？更确切地说，Hello!
Do
you
speak
Australian？澳大利亚是世界上最为年轻的国家之一。第一批说英语的人在仅仅200年前到了这里——他们并非出于自愿。他们中的大部分都是当时发配到那里做工的犯人。他们来自英国各地，但主要是来自北爱尔兰以及伦敦地区，这也是现在的澳大利亚英语带有爱尔兰和伦敦东区土话语言模式的原因。这些讲英语的人发现了当地的一个民族——澳大利亚土著人，他们已经生活在澳大利亚50
000多年了；还发现了该大洲独有的异常丰富的野生生物种类。澳大利亚土著人关于这些动物的很多词语，比如袋鼠
(kangaroo)、树袋熊
(koala)以及笑翠鸟
(kookaburra)，很快就融入了语言中。
但澳大利亚英语和其他英语变体的主要区别在于单音和语调模式。有时候英美国家的人很难理解澳大利亚口音，所以也就容易发生误会。前些年，一位著名的英国作家到悉尼的一家书店签售他的书。一名顾客手里拿着一本书朝作者走来，并说了句“Emma
Chissit”。这个作者以为Emma
Chissit是这位女士的名字。但当他询问如何拼写这个名字以防这名顾客要他在书上签名
(献给Emma
Chissit，并致敬意)时，他才明白过来这名顾客问的是：这本书多少钱？
牙买加和新加坡
澳大利亚英语直接源于英国英语。但是在其他将英语作为第一语言的国家，却不是这样。牙买加以及其他加勒比海沿岸国家的英语变体就有非洲语言的一些语法特征，牙买加人的祖先们使用的就是这些非洲语言，所以他们所使用的英语中通常没有表示所有格的撇号s
(’s)
(that
woman
house，而不是that
woman’s
house)，也没有连系动词和冠词
(He
good
man，而不是He’s
a
good
man)。另外一个特点就是节奏。其语言的节奏就像是20世纪80年代在美国流行的说唱音乐。
而在地球的另—端——在新加坡，英语作为第二语言在被大约一半的人口使用着。其境内其他语言有马来语和汉语。新加坡几乎每一个人都会说两种语言，有些人甚至会说三到四种语言。这里最常见的英语变体被称为Singlish
(新加坡式英语)。新加坡式英语中的句子通常以lah
(音“啦”)一词结尾。此种语言变体在语法特征以及词汇方面尤其受到马来语以及汉语中一种叫作Hokkien
(即客家话，闽南地区使用)的方言的影响。如今在新加坡还有关于哪种英语变体最好的争论：是新加坡式英语还是一种更接近于英式英语的变体，这也是1999年开始开展“讲好英语运动”的目的。
阅读理解
A
Australian
English
began
separating
from
British
English
shortly
after
the
foundation
of
the
Australian
penal
colony
(罪犯流放地)
of
New
South
Wales
in
1788.
British
convicts
sent
there,
including
cockneys
(伦敦东区的人)
from
London,
came
mostly
from
large
English
cities.
They
were
joined
by
free
settlers,
military
personnel
and
officials,
often
with
their
families.
However,
many
of
the
convicts
were
Irish,
with
at
least
25%
directly
from
Ireland,
and
others
indirectly
via
Britain.
There
were
other
populations
of
convicts
from
non English
speaking
areas
of
Britain,
such
as
the
Welsh
and
Scots.
The
transportation
of
convicts
to
Australia
ended
in
1868,
but
immigration
of
free
settlers
from
Britain,
Ireland
and
elsewhere
continued.
The
earliest
form
of
Australian
English
was
first
spoken
by
the
children
of
the
colonists
born
into
the
colony
of
New
South
Wales.
This
very
first
generation
of
children
created
a
new
dialect
that
was
to
become
the
language
of
the
nation.
The
Australian born
children
in
the
new
colony
were
exposed
to
a
wide
range
of
different
dialects
from
all
over
the
British
Isles,
in
particular
from
Ireland
and
the
southeastern
part
of
England.
The
native born
children
of
the
colony
created
the
new
dialect
from
factors
present
in
the
speech
they
heard
around
them,
and
provided
a
way
for
the
expression
of
peer
solidarity
(一致).
Even
when
new
settlers
arrived,
this
new
dialect
was
strong
enough
to
turn
away
from
the
influence
of
other
patterns
of
speech.
Records
from
the
early
19th
century
indicated
the
distinctive
dialect
had
appeared
in
the
colony
since
the
first
settlement.
In
1827
Peter
Cunningham,
in
his
book
Two
Years
in
New
South
Wales,
described
that
the
native born
colonists
spoke
with
a
distinctive
accent
and
vocabulary,
with
a
strong
London
influence.Anthony
Burgess
wrote
that
“Australian
English
may
be
thought
of
as
a
kind
of
fossilised
(僵化的)
cockney
(伦敦腔)
of
the
Dickensian
era”．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍澳大利亚英语的形成过程。
1．Who
didn’t
go
to
Australia
with
the
convicts
A．Miners.
B．Soldiers.
C．Officials.
D．Free
settlers.
A 解析：细节理解题。从文章第一段可知，随着囚犯到澳大利亚去的人中没有矿工。
2．Who
created
the
earliest
form
of
Australian
English
A．Convicts
sent
to
Australia.
B．Free
settlers
into
Australia.
C．The
native born
children
of
the
colony.
D．People
from
Ireland
and
the
southeastern
part
of
England.
C 解析：细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，在澳大利亚出生的孩子说话不同于自己的父母，是他们创造了最初的澳大利亚英语。
3．We
can
learn
from
the
last
paragraph
that
Australian
English________．
A．had
no
identity
of
its
own
B．was
formed
before
the
Dickensian
era
C．was
quite
different
from
British
English
D．was
greatly
influenced
by
London
accent
D 解析：推理判断题。分析文章最后一段可知，两位作者认为澳大利亚英语具有明显的伦敦口音特征。
4．What
does
the
text
mainly
tell
us
A．Who
came
to
Australia
first.
B．How
Australia
was
colonized.
C．How
Australian
English
was
formed.
D．What
the
earliest
language
in
Australia
was.
C 解析：主旨大意题。综合全文可知，文章主要说明澳大利亚英语的形成。
B
Experts
believe
that
the
best
time
to
teach
kids
language
skills
is
when
they
are
babies.
Most
time
the
task
is
easily
accomplished
with
parents
reading
or
talking
to
their
babies.
However,
in
some
cases
that
is
not
possible
due
to
busy
work
schedules
or
when
kids
are
born
deaf.
Now,
an
adorable
blue eyed
robot,
a
human
avatar,
and
some
high tech
neuroscience
may
be
able
to
assist
parents
with
this
important
developmental
task.
The
Robot
AVatar
thermal Enhanced
system,
or
RAVE,
is
the
brainchild
of
a
team
of
researchers
led
by
Laura Ann
Petitto,
an
educational
neuroscientist,
at
Washington,
D．C.’s
Gallaudet
University.
The
learning
process
begins
when
the
robot’s
camera,
which
is
focused
on
the
baby’s
face,
detects
tiny
changes
in
his/her
body
temperature.
This,
combined
with
the
baby’s
facial
expression,
causes
the
robot
to
turn
its
head
and
guide
the
baby’s
attention
to
a
computer
screen,
on
which
a
human
avatar
starts
to
communicate
with
the
baby,
much
like
a
parent
would.
For
example,
if
the
baby
points
towards
the
screen,
the
avatar
might
respond，“Are
you
pointing
to
me？”
and
follow
that
up
with
a
nursery
rhyme,
fairy
tale,
or
some
essential
social
communication,
all
in
American
Sign
Language
(ASL).
The“conversation”continues
until
the
kid
loses
interest.
The
researchers,
who
have
been
testing
the
system
for
three
years,
found
that
babies
as
young
as
6
to
8
months
old
began
to
move
their
hands
in
a
rhythm
similar
to
ASL
after
interacting
with
RAVE
for
just
a
few
minutes.
Petitto
says
natural
language,
whether
communicated
through
speech
or
sign,
activates
the
same
parts
of
the
brain
and
believes
the
rhythmic
motions
prove
the
babies
are
learning
the
essential
elements
of
communication.
What
sets
this
technique
apart
from
other
methods,
such
as
showing
educational
videos
or
television
shows,
is
its
interactive
nature
and
real time
response
to
the
baby’s
actions.
The
researchers
say
that
while
it
is
too
early
to
determine
the
system’s
long term
influence
on
baby
communication,
the
initial
response
has
been
very
encouraging.
Next,
they
plan
to
introduce
an
avatar
that
can
both
sign
and
speak
to
babies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了一种可以帮助父母教婴儿学习语言的系统，以及该系统的工作原理、效果评价和研究人员对这种技术的展望。
5．What
can
the
RAVE
system
help
parents
do
A．Improve
babies’
health
condition.
B．Take
good
care
of
babies.
C．Develop
babies’
language
skills.
D．Keep
babies
company.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Experts
believe
that
the
best
time
to
teach
kids
language
skills
is
when
they
are
babies.”可知，专家认为教孩子语言技能的最佳时间是孩子的婴儿时期；结合第一段尾句“Now,
an
adorable
blue eyed
robot,
a
human
avatar,
and
some
high tech
neuroscience
may
be
able
to
assist
parents
with
this
important
developmental
task.”以及第二段中的“The
Robot...
a
team
of
researchers”可知，RAVE系统可以帮助父母完成教婴儿学习语言的任务，故C项正确。
6．What
does
Paragraph
2
mainly
talk
about
A．How
babies
learn
ASL
effectively.
B．How
parents
educate
their
babies.
C．How
robots
talk
and
read
to
babies.
D．How
the
RAVE
system
works.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第二、三句“The
learning...his/her
body
temperature.
This,
combined
with
the
baby’s
facial
expression,
causes
the
robot
to
turn
its
head
and
guide
the
baby’s
attention
to
a
computer
screen,
on
which
a
human
avatar
starts
to
communicate
with
the
baby,
much
like
a
parent
would.”可知，机器人的摄像头可以检测到婴儿细微的体温变化并与婴儿的面部表情相结合，使机器人转动头部，引导婴儿注意电脑屏幕，在电脑屏幕上，一个人类的形象开始与婴儿交流，就像父母一样；结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了RAVE系统的工作原理，故D项正确。
7．What
indicates
babies
are
learning
with
the
help
of
the
RAVE
system
A．Interest
in
videos
and
TV
shows.
B．Changes
in
their
body
temperature.
C．Improvement
in
their
natural
language.
D．Hand
movements
in
a
rhythm
like
ASL.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“babies
as
young...
a
few
minutes”可知，在和这种系统交流互动之后，婴儿就会开始以类似于ASL的节奏晃动他们的手，故D项正确。
8．What
do
the
researchers
think
of
the
RAVE
system
A．Promising.
B．Impractical.
C．Satisfactory.
D．Disappointing.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段第二、三句“The
researchers
say
that
while
it
is
too
early
to
determine
the
system’s
long term
influence
on
baby
communication,
the
initial
response
has
been
very
encouraging.
Next,
they
plan
to
introduce
an
avatar
that
can
both
sign
and
speak
to
babies.”可知，尽管对这种系统培养婴儿交流技能的长期影响进行评价为时过早，但是其初期的表现令人鼓舞，研究人员将在下一步推出可以用手语和口语与婴儿交流的形象。据此可知，研究人员对这种系统的发展是充满着希望的，A项意为“很有前途的，大有希望的”，符合语境，故A项正确。
完形填空
Growing
up,
I
always
hid
my
thumbs
(拇指)
in
my
fists
because
of
their
unusual
shape.
1
they
do
look
more
like
big
toes
(脚趾)
2
thumbs.And
from
an
early
age,
my
thumbs
3
another
name
“toe
thumbs”．
In
high
school,
I
served
as
a
cashier
in
a
grocery
store.One
day,
I
was
4
the
bill
of
a
sweet
little
old
lady
and
as
I
5
her
change
back
to
her,
she
suddenly
took
my
hands
and
said
in
a
thick
Polish
6
，“You
are
Polish！Look
at
those
7
Polish
thumbs！They
match
mine！”She
raised
her
hands
and
8
her
thumbs
to
me
that
9
weathered
and
wrinkled,
looked
exactly
like
mine！She
10
my
hands
again
and
said，“Be
11
of
those
thumbs！”
I’ll
never
forget
that
30 second
12
with
a
stranger
that
forever
13
my
view
of
a
part
of
me
I
once
was
14
at
and
now
accept.As
I
was
eating
dinner
with
my
son,
Samuel,
that
night,
he
looked
down
at
my
hand
15
on
the
table
next
to
his
and
said，“Mommy！Our
thumbs
16
！”
I
smiled
and
answered，“Yes,
they
do,
buddy！Those
are
strong
Polish
17
you
have！Take
pride
in
them！Maybe
someday
you’ll
have
a
little
boy
or
girl
who
will
have
the
same
thumbs！”
I
18
my
son
never
hides
his
thumbs
like
I
did.I
hope
he’ll
be
proud
of
their
“unusualness”
and
the
19
behind
them.He
inherits
a
(n)
20
part
from
me
and
that
for
me
will
always
be
beautiful!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位好心的顾客促使我勇于面对自己异常的大拇指，建立自己“独特”的自尊、自爱和自豪感的故事。
1．A.Fortunately
B．Admittedly
C．Normally
D．Basically
B 解析：不可否认，它们的确看起来更像大脚趾，而不是大拇指。fortunately“幸运地”；admittedly“诚然，不可否认地”；normally“正常地”；basically“基本地，本质上”。
2．A.other
than
B．due
to
C．instead
of
D．along
with
C 解析：参见上题解析。instead
of“代替……，而不是……”符合语境。other
than“除了……以外”；due
to“由于……，因为……”；along
with“与……一起，与……同样地”。
3．A.earned
B．cloned
C．found
D．deserved
A 解析：根据前一句中的“they
do
look
more
like
big
toes
(脚趾)”可知，我的大拇指赢得了另外一个名字“toe
thumbs”。earn“赚得，挣得，赢得”；clone“克隆”；deserve“应得，应受到”。
4．A.checking
out
B．hunting
for
C．talking
with
D．watching
over
A 解析：一天，我正在核实一位和蔼可亲的、身材娇小的老太太的账单。check
out“检查，核实”。
5．A.paid
B．charged
C．donated
D．counted
D 解析：正当我数好零钱给她的时候，她突然抓住我的手。count“点数目”。
6．A.tune
B．voice
C．language
D．accent
D 解析：她用浓重的波兰口音说：“你是波兰人。”accent“口音”符合语境。tune“曲调，调子”；voice“声音，嗓音”；language“语言”。
7．A.beautiful
B．strange
C．long
D．clumsy
A 解析：根据下文可知，老太太是在赞美这些独特的大拇指，且文章最后一句出现了beautiful，故此处选beautiful。
8．A.passed
B．showed
C．recommended
D．offered
B 解析：她举起她的手，把她的大拇指给我看。show“给……看”。
9．A.till
B．unless
C．although
D．once
C 解析：尽管她的大拇指历经岁月风霜，皱纹斑斑，但是它们看起来和我的完全一样。根据语境，此处应为although引导的让步状语从句，在although与weathered之间省略了“her
thumbs
were”。
10．A.raised
B．inspected
C．examined
D．held
D 解析：根据上文中的“she
suddenly
took
my
hands”和空处后面的“my
hands
again”可知，她又一次抓住我的手，故选held。raise“举起，抬起”；inspect“视察，检查”；examine“检查”。
11．A.proud
B．skeptical
C．afraid
D．sure
A 解析：根据下文中的“Take
pride
in
them！”和“be
proud
of”可知，此处应选proud，be
proud
of“对……感到骄傲/自豪”。
12．A.appointment
B．bargain
C．conversation
D．deal
C 解析：根据上文可知，我与这位陌生人进行了30秒的交谈。conversation“交谈”符合语境。appointment“约会”；bargain“讨价还价”；deal“交易”。
13．A.supported
B．changed
C．proved
D．hurt
B 解析：这次交谈永远改变
(changed)了我对自己的身体的一部分
(大拇指)的看法，我曾经为这一部分
(大拇指)感到尴尬，现在我接受了。support“支持”；prove“证明”；hurt“伤害”。
14．A.amazed
B．terrified
C．delighted
D．embarrassed
D 解析：参见上题解析。be
embarrassed
at“对……感到尴尬”。amazed“惊讶的”；terrified“非常害怕的”；delighted“高兴的”。
15．A.scratching
B．resting
C．knocking
D．drawing
B 解析：那天晚上当我和我的儿子Samuel一起吃饭的时候，他低头看我的手，我的手靠在桌子上，紧挨着他的手。他说：“妈咪，我们的大拇指一样。”rest“支撑，倚靠”。
16．A.differ
B．fit
C．fight
D．match
D 解析：参见上题解析。且根据文章第二段中的“They
match
mine”可知，此处应选match“相配，相一致”。differ“有区别”；fit“适合”；fight“打斗，争吵”。
17．A.fists
B．thumbs
C．toes
D．hands
B 解析：根据上下文的内容可知，此处应选thumbs。
18．A.guarantee
B．figure
C．pray
D．insist
C 解析：根据语境，此处表示我祈祷
(pray)我的儿子不要像我一样藏起他的大拇指。guarantee“保证”；figure“认为，以为”；insist“坚持认为”。
19．A.scene
B．lesson
C．history
D．moment
C 解析：我希望他将会为他的大拇指的“独特之处”和其背后的历史
(history)感到骄傲。
20．A.unique
B．elegant
C．authentic
D．sensitive
A 解析：根据文章第一段第一句中的“unusual
shape”和空前一句中的“unusualness”可知，他遗传了我身体中独特的部分，故选unique“独特的”。elegant“优雅的”；authentic“真实的”；sensitive“敏感的”。(共33张PPT)
Module
4 Which
English？
instant
the
On
arriving
Hardly/No
sooner
had
he
arrived
when/than
tell
her
from
tell
by
the
expression
as
long
as
as
good
as
as
well
as
As
far
as
to
complete
in
out
as
down
lying
led
to
with
about
to
give
under
debated
heatedly
about
had
a
heated
debate
about
is
not
as/so
useful
as
you
as
much
time
as
four
times
as
many
women
as
按ESC键退出全屏播放
本部分内容讲解结束
》要点透析讲练互动
名师解疑·精讲精练◆
点击链接
》知能演练轻松间关
同步测控·夯实基础◆(共54张PPT)
Module
4 Which
English？
Module
4 Which
English？
Module
4 Which
English？
Module
4 Which
English？
Module
4 Which
English？
Module
4 Which
English？
matter
count
link
debate
instantly
recognisable
方言，地方话
痕迹，踪迹
独一无二的；独特的
作家，作者
祖先，前辈
节奏；韵律
双语的，会讲两种语言的
in
this
sense
as
well
as
tell...apart
as
long
as
or
rather
lie
in
in
case
in
particular
whether
English,
Chinese，or
any
other
as
many
varieties
of
English
as
there
are
speakers
of
it
it’s
communication
that
counts
按ESC键退出全屏播放
本部分内容讲解结束
Module
4
Which
English
debate;complain;
media;
revolution;
investigate;
acquire;
convinced
instantly;
recognisable;
matter;
count;
trace;
unique;
author;
link;
rhyth
furthermore;
splendid;
straightforward;
association;
relevant;
convey;
concept;
thus;
select;
significance;
reject;
potential;
abuse;
overcome;
oppose;
prejudice;
必记单
单
词
resist;
conflict;
moral;
status;
approval;
curiosity
元(先
tell.apart;
as
long
as;
lie
in;
in
conclusion;
a
huge
number
of;
get
重点短语
down
to
sth.
let
sb.
down
知(知
经典句型
as
many
.as.
i
It
is
estimated
that
识
单元语法
复习状语和状语从句
话题写作
观点对比类议论文
