把视觉错觉和路上的车辆联系在一起时， 人们想到的往往是超速、车祸； 其实科学利用视觉错觉恰恰可以减少此类事情的发生。
Believe it or not, optical illusion(视觉错觉) can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in point.It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion.Bent stripes(条纹), called chevrons(人字形图形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and so drivers slow down.
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington, D．C.is planning to repeat Japan’s success.Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
Excessive(过度的) speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation.To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest-curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.
Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially(最初地) cut the average speed of drivers in half.However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower.The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
1．forecast vt.& n． 预测， 预报
2．glance vi.& n. 瞥一眼， 匆匆看
3．approach vi.& vt. 靠近；着手处理
n.靠近；方法；路径
4．narrow adj. 狭窄的
5．grasp vt. 抓紧， 抓牢
6．confuse vt.使糊涂， 使迷惑→confusion n．惶惑；混乱→confusing adj.使人困惑的；令人费解的→confused adj.困惑的；混乱的
7．observe vt.观察；注意到；评论→observation n．观察；观察力；注意；评论
8．hesitate vi.犹豫， 迟疑不决→hesitation n．犹豫；踌躇→hesitated adj.犹豫的；踌躇的
9．relief n．轻松， 宽慰→relieve v．救济；减轻；解除
10．firmly adv.牢牢地， 坚定地→firm n．公司；商行 adj.坚定的；结实的 v．(使)变得坚实；确定
1．in_sight 看得到， 在视力范围之内
2．wish_for 盼望， 企盼
3．reach_out 伸出(手)
4．stare_up_at 抬头凝视
5．watch_out_for 留心， 密切注意
6．come_to_one’s_aid 来帮助某人
7．in_relief 轻松地， 宽慰地
8．pay_back 偿还；报答
9．in_the_future 将来
10．get_across (使)越过， (使)横穿马路；(使)被了解
1．状语从句的省略
Once_out_in_the_street(一到大街上), she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.
2．that引导同位语从句
As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that_she_was_being_watched_by_a_tall_man_in_a_dark_overcoat(一个穿黑色大衣的高个子男人一直在注视着她)．
3．nowhere to be done到处都不……
The tall man was nowhere_to_be_seen(到处都看不到)．
4．wh-ever引导让步状语从句
Outside, wherever_she_looked(无论她往哪儿看)the fog lay like a thick, grey cloud.
5．find sb.doing发现某人正在做……
Polly found_herself_staring_up_at(发现自己正盯着) the face of an old man with a beard.
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Why did the bus conductor refuse to take Polly?
A．Because the fog was too heavy for the bus to get to her home.
B．Because the bus couldn’t get to her home.
C．Because the bus service was beyond the time.
D．Because all the bus services were cancelled due to the heavy fog.
2．Why did Polly feel frightened on her way home?
A．The fog got thicker and thicker.
B．She couldn’t get home on time.
C．She thought she met a bad man.
D．She couldn’t find a man in the street.
3．According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?
A．The fog was very thick in the morning.
B．When she got to Green Park, the weather turned out to be fine.
C．Polly got to Green Park by train.
D．The old man carried an umbrella in his hand.
4．If you are required to give the best title to this passage, it will be “ ________ ”．
A．Heavy Fog B．Help! Help!
C．Fog And Life D．Pay Back Help
答案：1－4.ACCD
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat.
As Polly observed the passengers on the train是as引导的__________从句；she had a feeling 是主句；that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat是that引导的________从句。
[尝试翻译] 当波莉观察地铁车厢里的乘客时， 她感觉到有一个穿黑色大衣的高个子男人 ________________她。
答案：时间状语；同位语；一直在注视着
2．As she walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching, but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone.
本句是一个由并列连词but连接的并列复合句。As she walked along the narrow street是由as引导的____________从句；by the time she reached the corner of the street也是一个____________从句。
[尝试翻译] ____________________________， 她听到了脚步声在靠近， 但当她走到街道的拐角处时， 脚步声消失了。
答案：时间状语；时间状语；当她沿着那条狭窄的街道行走时
Fog①
by Bill Lowe
Fog warning
When Polly left home that morning②，the city was already covered in a grey mist③. At lunch，the radio forecast④ that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon⑤. At four o’clock，Polly left work and stepped⑥ out into the fog. She wondered⑦if the buses would still be running⑧.
No buses to King Street
Once out in the street⑨，she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.
‘How far are you going ? ’ the bus conductorB10asked her before he took her fare?.
‘King Street，’said Polly.
‘Sorry，Miss，’replied the man，‘the truth is that it is too foggy? for the bus to? run that? far?. Take the Underground to Green Park. The weather might be better there and you might be able to get a taxi.’
A tall man
As Polly observed? the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat?. At last the train arrived at Green Park station. While the rest of the passengers were getting out?， she glanced? at the faces around her. The tall man was nowhere? to be seen.
①fog[f?ɡ]n.雾
②when引导时间状语从句。
③mist[mIst]n.薄雾；水汽
④forecast['f??kɑ?st](forecast，forecast)vt.& n．预测，预报
⑤that引导宾语从句。
⑥step v．跨步，迈步 n．脚步，步骤 step out 走出去
⑦wonder v．想知道，对……感到疑惑 n．惊奇，奇迹，奇观
⑧if 引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。if 也可引导条件状语从句，此时 if 意为“如果，假如”。
⑨省略结构作状语，补充完整为 Once she was out in the street。 once意为“一……就……”。
conductor[k?n'd?kt?(r)]n.(公交车)售票员；(乐队)指挥
?fare[fe?(r)]n.车费
before引导时间状语从句。
?foggy['f?ɡI]adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的
?too...to...太……而不能……
?that adv.那么，相当于so。
?此处第一个that引导表语从句。
?observe[?b'zз?v]vt.观察；注意到；评论
observe sb. do/doing/done 注意到某人做/正在做/做了……
?overcoat['??v?k??t]n.长大衣
?while引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，趁”。
?glance[ɡlɑ?ns]vi.& n．瞥一眼，匆匆看
glance at 瞥见，浏览，迅速地看
?nowhere['n??we?(r)]adv.无处，到处都不
雾
比尔·洛
浓雾警报
那天早晨波莉离开家时，整个城市已笼罩在灰色的薄雾中。午餐时分，广播预报说，薄雾将会在下午变成浓雾。四点钟，波莉下了班，步入了浓雾中。她想知道公共汽车是否还会照常运行。
没有到国王街的公共汽车
一来到街上，她就很快地向往常乘车的车站走去。
“您要坐多远？”公共汽车售票员收下她的车费前问道。
“国王街。”波莉答道。
“对不起，小姐，”售票员回答说，“现实情况是雾太浓了，公共汽车跑不了那么远。乘地铁到格林公园吧。那里的天气可能好一点儿，您也许能叫到一辆出租车。”
高个子男人
当波莉观察地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感觉到有一个穿着黑色大衣的高个子男人一直注视着她。地铁终于到达了格林公园站。趁其他乘客下车的时候，她扫视了一下周围的面孔。到处都看不到那个高个子男人的身影。
Footsteps(
When Polly got to the station entrance(, it was empty. Outside, wherever she looked(the fog lay(like a thick，grey cloud. There was no one in sight( . Polly set off( towards Park Street. As she walked along the narrow( street(, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching(, but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone. Suddenly Polly felt a rough( hand brush( her cheek，and she heard a man’s voice in her ear saying‘Sorry.’ The man moved away. She could feel her heart beating( with fear(.
The helpful stranger
Then she heard the sound again—soft footsteps behind her. A minute before, she had wished for( someone to come along(. Now she wanted to run, but fear held( her still(. The footsteps seemed close now. Then a man’s voice came out of the darkness(. ‘Is anybody there？’
Polly hesitated(. At last she answered，‘Hello, I think I’m lost.’
A few seconds( later, a hand reached out( and grasped( her arm. Polly found herself staring( up at the face of an old man with a beard(.
‘Maybe I can help you. Which road do you want？’he asked.
‘I live at 86 King Street，’ Polly replied.
‘Just take my hand，’ said the man. ‘Come with me. You’ll be all right.’ He took Polly’s hand. ‘Watch out for( the step here.’
In his other hand the man carried a stick. Polly heard it hit the step.‘I can remember some terrible fogs, but maybe that was before your time. I can’t see your face, but you sound young. How old are you？’
‘Just twenty，’answered Polly.
‘Ah, twenty! A nice age to be．( I was young once. Now we’re at the crossroads(. Turn left here.’
‘I’m quite lost now. Are you sure you know the way？’ Polly was beginning to feel frightened again.
‘Of course. You really shouldn’t feel anxious(.’ He held her hand more firmly(.
footstep['f?tstep]n.脚步(声)
When Polly got...是when引导的时间状语从句。
wherever[we?r'ev?(r)]adv.&conj.无论哪里
she looked 是 wherever 引导的让步状语从句。
lie vi.(平)躺，存在于，位于。过去式为lay，过去分词为lain，现在分词为lying。
in sight看得到，在视力范围之内
out of sight 看不见的，在视力范围之外的
set off出发，启程 narrow['n?r??]adj.狭窄的
As she walked along...是as引导的时间状语从句。
approach[?'pr??t?]vi.&vt.靠近；着手处理 n．靠近；方法；路径；approach用作名词时，后多接介词to。
rough adj.粗糙的，粗略的，狂暴的
brush vt.轻擦，轻拂，刷，掠过 n．刷子，毛刷，画笔
此处是 feel sth.doing结构，beating作宾语补足语。
with fear害怕地，with表示原因。
wish for盼望，企盼(＝long for)
come along出现，到达
hold vt.(使某人)保持某种姿势 hold→held→held
still adj.静止的，不动的
darkness['dɑ?kn?s]n.黑暗
hesitate['hezIteIt]vi.犹豫，迟疑不决
don’t hesitate to do sth.不要犹豫做某事，尽管做某事
second n．秒，片刻 reach out伸出(手)
grasp[ɡrɑ?sp]vt.抓紧，抓牢
stare[ste?(r)]vi.凝视，盯着看 stare up at抬头凝视
found herself staring...是“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
beard[bI?d]n.胡须，络腮胡子
watch out for留心，密切注意
A nice age to be.补充完整应为：It is a nice age to be twenty.。
crossroads['kr?sr??dz]n.十字路口
at the crossroads在十字路口
anxious['??k??s]adj.焦虑，忧虑
be anxious to do sth.急于做某事
firmly['f??mlI]adv.牢牢地，坚定地
firm作副词时，表示“坚固地”；而firmly表示“坚决地，坚定地”。
脚步声
当波莉到达车站入口处时，那里空无一人。外面，无论她往哪儿看，雾像浓密的灰云一样聚积着。一个人也看不到。波莉向公园街走去。当她沿着那条狭窄的街道行走时，她听到了脚步声在靠近，但当她走到街道的拐角处时，脚步声消失了。突然，波莉感到有一只粗糙的手拂过她的脸颊，并且她还听到了一个男人在她耳边说“对不起”的声音。那个男人走开了。她能感到她的心脏因害怕而怦怦直跳。
热心的陌生人
然后，她又听到了那种声音——在她身后响起的轻柔的脚步声。一分钟前，她还盼望着有人朝她走过来。现在她想跑，可恐惧让她挪不动脚步。脚步声这会儿似乎已经离她很近了。接着，黑暗中传来一个男人的声音：“有人吗？”
波莉犹豫了。最终她还是回答道：“你好，我想我是迷路了。”
几秒钟后，一只手伸出来抓住了她的胳膊。波莉发现自己正盯着一张长着络腮胡子的老人的脸。
“也许我能帮你。你想去哪条路？”他问道。
“我住在国王街86号，”波莉答道。
“只要拉着我的手就成，”老人说，“跟着我走，不会有事儿的。”他拉着波莉的手。“当心这里的台阶。”
老人的另一只手攥着一根手杖。波莉能听见它敲击台阶的声音。“我还记得几次糟糕的大雾，不过那可能都是在你出生之前的事了。我看不见你的脸，但你听起来挺年轻的。你多大了？”
“刚20岁，”波莉答道。
“啊，20岁！多好的年纪啊。我也年轻过。现在我们到十字路口了。在这里向左拐。”
“我现在是彻底迷路了。您肯定您认识路吗？”波莉又开始感到害怕了。
“当然了，你真的不该感到担心。”老人将她的手握得更紧了。
The grateful( helper(
‘Here we are.( King Street.’ He stopped.
‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid(，’ said Polly in relief(.‘Would you like to come( in and rest for a while(？’
‘It’s very nice of you(，’ said the man，‘but I’ll be off(. There may be more people lost today, and I’d like to help them. You see, a fog this( bad is rare(. It gives me the chance to pay back( the help that people give me( when it’s sunny. A blind person like me can’t get across( the road without( help, except in a fog like this.’
grateful['ɡreItfl]adj.感激的，表示感谢的 be grateful to sb.对某人表示感激 be grateful for sth.感激/感谢某事
helper['help?(r)]n.帮助者
Here we are.(＝We’ve arrived.)我们(终于)到了。
aid[eId]n.&vt.帮助 come to one’s aid来帮助某人
relief[rI'li?f]n.轻松，宽慰 in relief欣慰地
would like to do sth.想要/愿意做某事
for a while一会儿，一段时间
It’s very nice of you.常用于表示感谢。
be off(＝leave)离开
this在这里是副词，表示“如此”，相当于so。
rare adj.稀有的，罕见的
pay back报答，偿还 that引导定语从句，修饰help。
get across通过；将(想法、信息等)传达给
can’t ...without...没有……无法……
感恩的帮助者
“我们到国王街了。”老人停住了脚步。
“非常感谢您帮我，”波莉如释重负地说。“您愿意进来休息会儿吗？”
“你真客气，”老人说道，“不过我还是得走了，今天可能还会有更多人迷路，我想帮助他们。你瞧，像今天这么大的雾是很少见的。这给了我机会来回报晴天时人们给我的帮助。像我这样的盲人没有(别人的)帮助是根本过不了马路的，除非是在这样的浓雾里。”
A卷 [学生用书P77(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
It was past
midnight when I saw an email that told me that I had been accepted into the International Summer School at Oslo University, Norway. I woke up everyone at home to tell them that I would be one of five hundred students visiting this beautiful Scandinavian country for ten weeks on a full scholarship(奖学金). My parents were delighted but anxious about how I’d manage on my own in a foreign land for the first time.
The day I left the country was packed with excitement and nervousness. I slept through the long flight and woke up to the announcement that we had come to Oslo Airport. Now, if I were in India, I would have taken a taxi to my destination, but my online research had taught me that in Oslo, taking a taxi would be considered as a wasteful way. So I took the subway to the university. Upon my arrival, I was told that my room had been arranged and my roommate had settled in. My roommate was a Chinese student, who became my first friend. Though it was sunny outside, I was tired. I realized it was close to midnight. Sunsets during summer are very late in Norway.
I was to study a course on International Development and the class had students from 20 different countries. I worked with my classmates on group projects. Team work brought us closer as a unit. We realized we shared similar dreams about our future. Oslo is a city that has an excellent public transports system. One can get to a sandy beach or forest within minutes. In our free time, we went for hikes and I realized how much I loved being outdoors. I learnt to read maps and picked up Norwegian. The hardest part was getting used to eating dinner at 5：00 pm.
I grew up and into myself during this trip. I came back to my hometown with a bagful of happy memories including my new friends who had helped me and walked with me in this beautiful country.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者获得了一次免费在欧洲学习的机会，这次经历让他受益匪浅。
1．The author’s parents were worried that he couldn’t ________.
A．get a full scholarship
B．take good care of himself
C．learn more about a foreign land
D．communicate with Norwegians well
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的My parents were delighted but anxious about how I’d manage on my own in a foreign land for the first time.可知，作者的父母担心他第一次出国无法照顾好自己。
2．What can we infer about the author from the passage?
A．He felt terribly homesick in Norway.
B．He hardly spoke Norwegian.
C．He caused many misunderstandings at first.
D．He got along quite well with other students.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Team work brought us closer as a unit. We realized we shared similar dreams about our future.可知，作者和其他同学相处得非常好。
3．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The author’s travel experience in Europe.
B．The author’s friendship with a Chinese student.
C．The author’s first experience of overseas study.
D．The author’s most unforgettable summer holiday.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了作者第一次出国学习的经历。
B
Many people may know Coachella, which is one of the largest, most famous and most profitable(盈利的)music festivals in the United States and all over the world. However, few people know Just for Laughs(JFL). Founded by Montreal producer Gilbert Rozon in 1983, Just for Laughs is the largest international comedy festival in the world. Paul Ronca, the festival’s director, describes Just for Laughs as the Coachella of comedy.“If you’re a fan of comedy or work in it, this festival should be at the very top of your list，” he says.
Just for Laughs was originally a two-day French-only comedy event. In 1985, Andy Nulman joined the festival’s staff and introduced English language events as well. Thanks to Andy Nulman, the festival grew from a two-day show to a month-long event drawing international audiences. In 1999, Nulman left the festival’s full-time employ. However, he directed its major shows at the Saint-Denis Theatre every July, and remained on the board of directors of the festival’s parent company. About 11 years later, Nulman returned to Just for Laughs in July 2010 as president of Festivals and Television.
Now Just for Laughs is coming to Africa. A joint venture(合资企业) between the great comedy brand and a South Africa’s company, Just for Laughs Africa will give the African comedians the opportunity of getting international publicity. The long-term continental partnership was announced during the 35th Montreal Comedy Festival, with the news that the first Just for Laughs Africa will take place in Durban, South Africa.
“We have already set up successful Just for Laughs festivals in many cities beyond Montreal including Toronto, Vancouver and Sydney, and we couldn’t be more excited by this new venture in South Africa，” says Gilbert Rozon, president and founder of the Just for Laughs Group.“The opportunity to bring the experience of the Just for Laughs team to developing African comedy was one we just couldn’t decline,_so we agreed on the partnership，” says Gilbert Rozon.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。蒙特利尔国际喜剧节即将来到非洲，将与南非本土公司合作，推出“非洲轻松一笑”。
4．What can we learn from Paul Ronca’s words?
A．JFL is as popular as Coachella.
B．JFL plays an important role in comedy.
C．JFL has more supporters than Coachella.
D．JFL attracts many people to learning comedies.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Paul Ronca, the festival’s director, describes Just for Laughs as the Coachella of comedy.“If you’re a fan of comedy or work in it, this festival should be at the very top of your list，” he says.可知，Just for Laughs相当于喜剧界的柯契拉音乐节，在喜剧界有着举足轻重的作用。
5．What achievements did Andy Nulman make?
A．Promoting JFL successfully.
B．Making JFL more profitable.
C．Introducing JFL to South Africa.
D．Helping JFL get more show invitations.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Thanks to Andy Nulman, the festival grew from a two-day show to a month-long event drawing international audiences.可知，Andy Nulman推广Just for Laughs 很成功。
6．Through Just for Laughs Africa, the African comedians are likely to ________．
A．develop more skills
B．make Africa widely known
C．become known worldwide
D．improve the development of comedy
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Just for Laughs Africa will give the African comedians the opportunity of getting international publicity.可知，Just for Laughs Africa是非洲喜剧演员获得国际知名度的好机会。
7．What does the underlined word “decline” in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A．Doubt. B．Explain.
C．Understand. D．Refuse.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的so we agreed on the partnership...可知，这是一个让Just for Laughs团队帮助非洲本土喜剧发展的好机会，也是我们不能“拒绝”的好机会，所以我们答应了这次合作。
C
When I was 16 years old and in foster care in Tennessee, people told me I was unadoptable. But I desperately wanted a family. I sought the help of a judge, even the commissioner of the Department of Children’s Services, and I was adopted just a week before my 17th birthday.
We have a lot to be grateful for and this holiday season let’s not forget about the more than 415，000 youth in foster care especially older youth. These youth are the most likely to get overlooked for adoption, but they shouldn’t be. They need and deserve a family just as much as young children do. Making an older youth a part of your family can bring just as much a joy as adopting a baby or a younger child—without all the diapers and potty training.
My adoption was life changing and probably the best thing that ever happened to me. I still remember the first gift my parents gave to me. It was a Mickey Mouse key chain with a key to their home. They told me that no matter what happened they would always love me and I’d always have a place to come home to. This is our 17th Thanksgiving together...
My first Thanksgiving with my family was a little overwhelming with lots of extended family including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. However, it’s when I realized that I would never have to spend another holiday alone and that was truly an amazing feeling.
I was always eager to spend time with my little sister, Beth. She was six when I joined the family. My dad always says he knew we were really sisters, and I was no longer a guest in the house when Beth and I had our first fight. Today, she’s one of my best friends, and I’m her biggest cheerleader.
There were also bittersweet Thanksgivings. One we spent in my mom’s hospital room. It was there that she helped me plan my wedding but passed away three weeks before the ceremony. My dad walked me down the aisle, and my sister was my maid of honor. Because of our bond, we were able to support each other through that challenging time and that’s what family is for—the good and bad times.
It’s nice having my dad and sister to share holidays and special occasions. But they’re even more important when it comes to the little things—like having someone to share my bad day with, celebrate my promotion at work, or help me think through a difficult decision. It’s in these moments that I just can’t imagine being alone in the world.
I’m so glad that I didn’t listen to those people who said I was unadoptable, I’d never find a family, and that I was putting myself out there for rejection. It’s a risk for older foster youth to consider adoption. It’s_an_opportunity_to_be_rejected_once_again. But it’s a risk they should take because life doesn’t end at 18. It’s really just beginning.
If you know someone who might consider adopting an older teen, please share my story—and have him or her think of my family. They didn’t get to see my first steps or watch me be a pilgrim in my second grade Thanksgiving play. But they taught me so many things about life, and were there to watch me walk across the stage when I graduated from college and law school and accompanied me to the White House last year as I was honored for my work helping foster youth.
I look forward to many more Thanksgivings with my family, and I’m eternally thankful they chose me to be a part of their family.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲了作者在她16岁时被领养的故事，介绍了她被领养后的经历和领养年龄较大的青少年的优点。目的就是要呼吁更多的人领养年龄较大的青少年。
8．What contributes to the author’s feeling that she can’t imagine being alone in the world?
A．The family’s giving the author a Mickey Mouse as a gift.
B．The author’s spending her Thanksgiving with her extended family for 17 years.
C．The mother’s failing to attend the author’s wedding ceremony for her severe disease.
D．The family’s always sharing happiness and sorrow with her.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第七段中的like having someone to share my bad day with, celebrate my promotion at work, or help me think through a difficult decision. It’s in these moments that I just can’t imagine being alone in the world. 如有人分享我糟糕的一天，庆祝我工作上的晋升，或帮助我做出一个艰难的决定。就是这些时刻让我不能想象独自一人在世界上。可知家庭总是与她分享快乐和悲伤让她不能想象独自一人在这个世界上。故选D。
9．What does adoption for older youth really mean?
A．It means not living alone any longer.
B．It means being taken good care of by others.
C．It means being successful in career.
D．It means being loved and a sense of belonging.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的They need and deserve a family just as much as young children do. 他们像小孩子一样需要并值得拥有一个家庭。可知对大龄的青少年来说，被领养意味着被爱和归属感。故选D。
10．The underlined sentence “It’s an opportunity to be rejected once again.” in Paragraph 8 means that ________．
A．older teens take the opportunity to be adopted
B．older teens are less likely to be adopted
C．older teens create the opportunity to be adopted
D．older teens are in danger of being adopted
B 解析：句意理解题。 It’s an opportunity to be rejected once again.这是一个再次被拒绝的机会，那是因为年龄较大的青少年不太可能被收养。故选B。
11．What’s the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?
A．To express her appreciation for her family.
B．To show sympathy to the unadoptable older youth.
C．To appeal to more people to adopt the older youth.
D．To persuade the readers not to believe others’ words.
C 解析：写作意图题。本文主要讲了作者在她16岁时被领养的故事，介绍了她的经历和领养年龄较大的青少年的优点。目的就是要呼吁更多的人领养年龄较大的青少年。故选C。
七选五
The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we’ve never been before.
But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line. 1.________ Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.
For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face？” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. 2.________
If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct(本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so. 3.________ If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.
4．________ Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it. If it’s a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else. 5.________ At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯)．
It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age, sex and marital status. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, don’t ask such questions.
A．It’s natural that there some people who speak rudely or make mistakes online.
B．Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.
C．Everyone was new to the network once.
D．The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated.
E．When you send short messages to a person online, you must say something beautiful to hear.
F．You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages.
G．If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely.
【解题导语】 互联网为我们提供了一个全新的在线世界，我们可以在网上见面、聊天，并且能够去我们以前从未到过的地方。但是，就像面对面聊天一样，网络交流也需要遵守一些规则。
1．D 解析：考查上下文联系。根据空前there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line可知，接下来会介绍网络交流中的一些行为准则，再根据空后Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.可知，这里说的是换位思考，D项“基本规则很简单：以你希望得到对待的方式来对待别人。”串联上下文，故选D。
2．B 解析：考查上下文联系。ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face？”可知，本段讲的是，在说话之前应该想清楚是否要当面说出来，B项中的“saying the words to the person’s face”与前一句相呼应，故选B。
3．F 解析：考查上下文联系。根据your instinct(本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so.可知，如果聊天室里有人对你无礼，你不应该反击他，而是应该忽视那个人或屏蔽掉他的信息，F项符合语境，故选F。
4．C 解析：考查上下文联系。根据空后Offer advice when asked by newcomers可知，本段讲的是，应该为新手提供建议，包容他们所犯的错误。因为每个人在刚开始时对网络都是陌生的，故选C。
5．G 解析：考查上下文联系。根据空后At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯)．可知，这里说的是如果你想指出别人的错误，应该用一种礼貌的方式指出来，同时，如果是自己错了，你应该改正错误并向他人道歉，故选G。
B卷 [学生用书P79(单独成册)]
阅读理解
Just reading
Facebook posts—without posting messages or responding to comments—makes users feel bad about themselves, some studies have discovered. A 2015 study at the University of Michigan, for example, found that students who simply read Facebook posts for 10 minutes were in a worse mood by the end of the day than those who posted messages or commented on friends’ posts.
Researchers think that users who only read posts may be always comparing their own lives to others’ posts and feel they’re coming up short. Or users may simply be missing out on face-to-face human communication. This is necessary and important for a healthier state of mind.“In general, when people spend a lot of time passively(被动地) receiving information—reading, but not interacting(交流) with people—they report feeling worse afterward，” said an unusual Facebook blog post.
The research appears to be bad news for Facebook, but Facebook itself is getting the negative news known to the public. In fact, the findings support the company’s push to get users to be more active on the site, the blog noted. Research has also found that “interacting with people—especially sharing messages, posts and comments with close friends and thinking of past interactions—is connected with improvements in well-being”．
One commenter to the Facebook blog post noted that it’s “no surprise that your conclusions—encouraging‘active’ Facebook use—are connected with Facebook’s business interests. It gives Facebook chances to persuade us into sharing, commenting, and posting more than ever—for our own good！”
The company has faced a lot of negative news about Facebook. Former Facebook Vice President Chamath Palihapitiya told Stanford University graduate business students that social media are destroying society. Palihapitiya said he felt really bad for the role he played in making Facebook so outstanding.“We kind of knew something bad could happen.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，只在Facebook上浏览文章而不分享动态或与他人互动会使人心情变差。
1．What did the 2015 study mainly show?
A．Not all users considered Facebook useful.
B．Using Facebook in the right way could benefit us.
C．Not all people loved interacting with others on Facebook.
D．Passively using Facebook negatively affected users’ moods.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..students who simply read Facebook posts for 10 minutes were in a worse mood by the end of the day than those who posted messages or commented on friends’ posts.可知，这个研究表明：在Facebook上只浏览信息而不主动与他人互动会影响心情。
2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Avoiding comparing ourselves with others.
B．Reading the posts on Facebook positively.
C．Interacting with others face to face.
D．Sharing experiences on Facebook.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据画线词前的Or users may simply be missing out on face-to-face human communication.可知，此处是指面对面交流对于保持一个健康的心态很重要，故This指代与他人面对面交流。
3．Why did Facebook make the findings known to the public?
A．To encourage people to use Facebook more.
B．To show Facebook’s concern about its users.
C．To apologize to its users for the bad influence.
D．To prove the importance of human interaction.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的In fact, the findings support the company’s push to get users to be more active on the site...及第四段中的It gives Facebook chances to persuade us into sharing, commenting, and posting more than ever...可知，Facebook这样做是为了鼓励用户在该平台更活跃，即鼓励人们多使用该网站。
4．From what Chamath Palihapitiya said, we learn that ________．
A．Facebook has some disadvantages
B．Facebook is facing serious challenges
C．Facebook disappoints the public deeply
D．Facebook is improving some students’ life
A 解析：推理判断题。根据末段中的Palihapitiya said he felt really bad for the role he played in making Facebook so outstanding.“We kind of knew something bad could happen.”可知，Facebook存在一些弊端。
完形填空
Billy Arjan Singh was a wildlife expert in India.Singh__1__ big cat cub orphans(幼崽孤儿)，such as leopards(豹) and tigers.__2__Singh，one leopard cub orphan that grew up on his farm was named Harriet.But，she was not a(n)__3__．Singh taught Harriet how to__4__in the wild.
__5__Singh released Harriet to the forest，he kept track of her for a while.He__6__when Harriet went away to have cubs of her own.At that time he__7__he would never see her again.
Then，floods came to the river and the forest.Harriet and her two cubs were in danger.__8__she had lived in the wild for years，Harriet__9__the place where she had been safe as a cub.She took one of her cubs in her mouth.Then，Harriet swam across the river to Singh’s__10__，walked into the kitchen，and put her cub on the floor.Harriet went back to get her second cub and brought the cub to Singh’s house too.Singh’s cook moved out and __11__the kitchen to the leopards!
Harriet watched the __12__every day.One day，Harriet swam across the river to see her home.She decided that her home was__13__．She took the first cub across the river，__14__the current in the river was strong and it was__15__for her to swim back to the farm.
Harriet knew that she should not__16__across with the second cub.__17__，Harriet took her cub in her mouth，walked to Singh’s boat，and jumped in.When Singh__18__Harriet，he knew that she needed__19__．Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest.Harriet and her cubs were at home in the wild__20__．Singh never saw her again after that.
【解题导语】 本文是记叙文。Singh 将他从小养大的豹子Harriet放回大自然，本以为再也见不到她了，没想到一次洪水又让他们重逢。在Singh的帮助下Harriet带领小豹子重回家园。
1. A．got tired of B．took care of
C．made use of D．took advantage of
B 解析：根据上一句中的Singh was a wildlife expert及下一句中的one leopard cub orphan that grew up on his farm可知，Singh的工作就是“照顾(took care of)”大型猫科动物的幼崽。
2．A.Because of B．According to
C．Except for D．In relation to
B 解析：根据语境可知，Singh说有一只叫Harriet的豹子在他的农场长大。According to表示“据……所说”。
3．A.friend B．animal
C．cat D．pet
D 解析：根据下文中的released Harriet to the forest可知，Harriet不是“宠物(pet)”，所以Singh将她放回大自然。
4．A.explore B．disappear
C．live D．hide
C 解析：根据本句中的in the wild可知，Singh教Harriet如何在野外“生活(live)”。
5．A.After B．Before
C．When D．Until
A
6．A.doubted B．knew
C．asked D．guessed
B 解析：根据文中的he kept track of her for a while可知，Singh将Harriet放回大自然“之后(After)”，继续跟踪了她一段时间。所以Singh“知道(knew)”Harriet生下了小豹子。
7．A.imagined B．expected
C．suggested D．thought
D 解析：根据上文中的Harriet went away to have cubs of her own可知，Harriet有了自己的孩子，Singh“认为(thought)”他再也见不到Harriet了。
8．A.Though B．Unless
C．If D．For
A
9．A.destroyed B．remembered
C．missed D．hated
B 解析：根据下文中的Harriet went back to get her second cub and brought the cub to Singh’s house可知，“尽管(Though)”Harriet在野外生活了好多年，但是她仍然“记得(remembered)”小时候温暖的家。
10．A.hometown B．hotel
C．office D．house
D 解析：根据下文中的brought the cub to Singh’s house可知，Harriet 带着她的孩子来到了Singh的“家(house)”。
11．A.left B．returned
C．sent D．showed
A 解析：根据上文中的Singh’s cook moved out可知，Singh的厨师将厨房“留给(left)”Harriet。
12．A.cook B．food
C．river D．enemy
C 解析：根据上文中的floods came to the river可知，Harriet 天天观察“河流(river)”的情况。
13．A.beautiful B．far
C．safe D．warm
C 解析：根据下一句中的She took the first cub across the river可知，Harriet在确认“安全(safe)”后才将小豹子带过河。
14．A.and B．but
C．so D．or
B
15．A.difficult B．pleasant
C．important D．possible
A 解析：根据本句中的the current in the river was strong可知，“但是(but)”水流湍急，Harriet游回农场很“困难(difficult)”。
16．A.jump B．run
C．walk D．swim
D
17．A.First B．Instead
C．Once D．Besides
B 解析：根据下文中的Harriet took her cub in her mouth，walked to Singh’s boat，and jumped in可知，Harriet知道自己无法带着第二只小豹子“游(swim)”过河了，所以她“改为(Instead)”去找Singh寻求帮助。
18．A.saw B．found
C．forgot D．followed
A
19．A.change B．hope
C．help D．praise
C 解析：根据下文中的Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest.可知，当Singh“看见(saw)”Harriet的时候，他知道她需要“帮助(help)”。
20．A.again B．already
C．too D．alone
A 解析：根据上文中的Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest.可知，在Singh的帮助下，Harriet和她的小豹子们又“重新(again)”回到了他们的家。
语法填空
The Big Bang theory is science’s best explanation of how the universe began. The theory insists that our universe 1.____________(create) when a tiny and super-hot mass exploded and began expanding very rapidly. It 2.____________(final) cooled and formed into the stars and galaxies(银河系) with 3.____________ we are familiar. It is said 4.____________the event happened approximately 15 billion years ago. The event of the Big Bang was space itself expanding — perhaps at speeds 5.____________ (great) than light.
Since the late 1960s, the Big Bang theory 6.____________ (be) the main explanation for the birth of our universe. Because 7.____________ (physics) have not yet found a convincing theory that explains how gravity operates, they are unable 8.____________ (find) theories as to what happened after the Big Bang. At the very beginning, our universe may have been an object with nearly-infinite density, 9.____________ perhaps something else. Our instruments and 10.____________ (science) methods may need to be fully improved before any further progress is made.
1．was created 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。universe 与 create 之间是被动关系，且 create 所表示的动作发生在过去，故填 was created。
2．finally 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰 cooled 和 formed，故填 finally。
3．which 解析：考查关系代词。此处为由“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 stars and galaxies(银河系), 因该关系代词在从句中作介词 with 的宾语，故填 which。
4．that 解析：考查连接词。It is said that... 意为“据说”，其中 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是由 that 引导的从句。
5．greater 解析：考查形容词比较级。由 than 可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填 greater。
6．has been 解析：考查现在完成时。由 Since the late 1960s 可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填 has been。
7．physicists 解析：考查名词。设空处作主语，表示“物理学家”，又因谓语动词为复数形式，故填 physicists。
8．to find 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。be unable to do sth. 意为“没有能力做某事”。
9．or 解析：考查连词。由句意可知， an object with nearly-infinite-density 与 something else 之间是选择关系，故填 or。
10．scientific 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰 methods, 表示“科学的”，故填 scientific。
课件50张PPT。Unit 1 The world of our sensesUnit 1 The world of our sensesUnit 1 The world of our sensesUnit 1 The world of our sensesUnit 1 The world of our sensesforecastglanceapproachnarrowgraspconfuseobservehesitaterelieffirmlyin sightwish forreach outstare up atwatch out forcome to one’s aid in reliefpay backin the futureget acrossOnce out in the streetthat she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoatnowhere to be seenwherever she lookedfound herself staring up at本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷 [学生用书P77(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
It was past
midnight when I saw an email that told me that I had been accepted into the International Summer School at Oslo University, Norway. I woke up everyone at home to tell them that I would be one of five hundred students visiting this beautiful Scandinavian country for ten weeks on a full scholarship(奖学金). My parents were delighted but anxious about how I’d manage on my own in a foreign land for the first time.
The day I left the country was packed with excitement and nervousness. I slept through the long flight and woke up to the announcement that we had come to Oslo Airport. Now, if I were in India, I would have taken a taxi to my destination, but my online research had taught me that in Oslo, taking a taxi would be considered as a wasteful way. So I took the subway to the university. Upon my arrival, I was told that my room had been arranged and my roommate had settled in. My roommate was a Chinese student, who became my first friend. Though it was sunny outside, I was tired. I realized it was close to midnight. Sunsets during summer are very late in Norway.
I was to study a course on International Development and the class had students from 20 different countries. I worked with my classmates on group projects. Team work brought us closer as a unit. We realized we shared similar dreams about our future. Oslo is a city that has an excellent public transports system. One can get to a sandy beach or forest within minutes. In our free time, we went for hikes and I realized how much I loved being outdoors. I learnt to read maps and picked up Norwegian. The hardest part was getting used to eating dinner at 5：00 pm.
I grew up and into myself during this trip. I came back to my hometown with a bagful of happy memories including my new friends who had helped me and walked with me in this beautiful country.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者获得了一次免费在欧洲学习的机会，这次经历让他受益匪浅。
1．The author’s parents were worried that he couldn’t ________.
A．get a full scholarship
B．take good care of himself
C．learn more about a foreign land
D．communicate with Norwegians well
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的My parents were delighted but anxious about how I’d manage on my own in a foreign land for the first time.可知，作者的父母担心他第一次出国无法照顾好自己。
2．What can we infer about the author from the passage?
A．He felt terribly homesick in Norway.
B．He hardly spoke Norwegian.
C．He caused many misunderstandings at first.
D．He got along quite well with other students.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Team work brought us closer as a unit. We realized we shared similar dreams about our future.可知，作者和其他同学相处得非常好。
3．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The author’s travel experience in Europe.
B．The author’s friendship with a Chinese student.
C．The author’s first experience of overseas study.
D．The author’s most unforgettable summer holiday.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了作者第一次出国学习的经历。
B
Many people may know Coachella, which is one of the largest, most famous and most profitable(盈利的)music festivals in the United States and all over the world. However, few people know Just for Laughs(JFL). Founded by Montreal producer Gilbert Rozon in 1983, Just for Laughs is the largest international comedy festival in the world. Paul Ronca, the festival’s director, describes Just for Laughs as the Coachella of comedy.“If you’re a fan of comedy or work in it, this festival should be at the very top of your list，” he says.
Just for Laughs was originally a two-day French-only comedy event. In 1985, Andy Nulman joined the festival’s staff and introduced English language events as well. Thanks to Andy Nulman, the festival grew from a two-day show to a month-long event drawing international audiences. In 1999, Nulman left the festival’s full-time employ. However, he directed its major shows at the Saint-Denis Theatre every July, and remained on the board of directors of the festival’s parent company. About 11 years later, Nulman returned to Just for Laughs in July 2010 as president of Festivals and Television.
Now Just for Laughs is coming to Africa. A joint venture(合资企业) between the great comedy brand and a South Africa’s company, Just for Laughs Africa will give the African comedians the opportunity of getting international publicity. The long-term continental partnership was announced during the 35th Montreal Comedy Festival, with the news that the first Just for Laughs Africa will take place in Durban, South Africa.
“We have already set up successful Just for Laughs festivals in many cities beyond Montreal including Toronto, Vancouver and Sydney, and we couldn’t be more excited by this new venture in South Africa，” says Gilbert Rozon, president and founder of the Just for Laughs Group.“The opportunity to bring the experience of the Just for Laughs team to developing African comedy was one we just couldn’t decline,_so we agreed on the partnership，” says Gilbert Rozon.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。蒙特利尔国际喜剧节即将来到非洲，将与南非本土公司合作，推出“非洲轻松一笑”。
4．What can we learn from Paul Ronca’s words?
A．JFL is as popular as Coachella.
B．JFL plays an important role in comedy.
C．JFL has more supporters than Coachella.
D．JFL attracts many people to learning comedies.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Paul Ronca, the festival’s director, describes Just for Laughs as the Coachella of comedy.“If you’re a fan of comedy or work in it, this festival should be at the very top of your list，” he says.可知，Just for Laughs相当于喜剧界的柯契拉音乐节，在喜剧界有着举足轻重的作用。
5．What achievements did Andy Nulman make?
A．Promoting JFL successfully.
B．Making JFL more profitable.
C．Introducing JFL to South Africa.
D．Helping JFL get more show invitations.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Thanks to Andy Nulman, the festival grew from a two-day show to a month-long event drawing international audiences.可知，Andy Nulman推广Just for Laughs 很成功。
6．Through Just for Laughs Africa, the African comedians are likely to ________．
A．develop more skills
B．make Africa widely known
C．become known worldwide
D．improve the development of comedy
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Just for Laughs Africa will give the African comedians the opportunity of getting international publicity.可知，Just for Laughs Africa是非洲喜剧演员获得国际知名度的好机会。
7．What does the underlined word “decline” in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A．Doubt. B．Explain.
C．Understand. D．Refuse.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的so we agreed on the partnership...可知，这是一个让Just for Laughs团队帮助非洲本土喜剧发展的好机会，也是我们不能“拒绝”的好机会，所以我们答应了这次合作。
C
When I was 16 years old and in foster care in Tennessee, people told me I was unadoptable. But I desperately wanted a family. I sought the help of a judge, even the commissioner of the Department of Children’s Services, and I was adopted just a week before my 17th birthday.
We have a lot to be grateful for and this holiday season let’s not forget about the more than 415，000 youth in foster care especially older youth. These youth are the most likely to get overlooked for adoption, but they shouldn’t be. They need and deserve a family just as much as young children do. Making an older youth a part of your family can bring just as much a joy as adopting a baby or a younger child—without all the diapers and potty training.
My adoption was life changing and probably the best thing that ever happened to me. I still remember the first gift my parents gave to me. It was a Mickey Mouse key chain with a key to their home. They told me that no matter what happened they would always love me and I’d always have a place to come home to. This is our 17th Thanksgiving together...
My first Thanksgiving with my family was a little overwhelming with lots of extended family including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. However, it’s when I realized that I would never have to spend another holiday alone and that was truly an amazing feeling.
I was always eager to spend time with my little sister, Beth. She was six when I joined the family. My dad always says he knew we were really sisters, and I was no longer a guest in the house when Beth and I had our first fight. Today, she’s one of my best friends, and I’m her biggest cheerleader.
There were also bittersweet Thanksgivings. One we spent in my mom’s hospital room. It was there that she helped me plan my wedding but passed away three weeks before the ceremony. My dad walked me down the aisle, and my sister was my maid of honor. Because of our bond, we were able to support each other through that challenging time and that’s what family is for—the good and bad times.
It’s nice having my dad and sister to share holidays and special occasions. But they’re even more important when it comes to the little things—like having someone to share my bad day with, celebrate my promotion at work, or help me think through a difficult decision. It’s in these moments that I just can’t imagine being alone in the world.
I’m so glad that I didn’t listen to those people who said I was unadoptable, I’d never find a family, and that I was putting myself out there for rejection. It’s a risk for older foster youth to consider adoption. It’s_an_opportunity_to_be_rejected_once_again. But it’s a risk they should take because life doesn’t end at 18. It’s really just beginning.
If you know someone who might consider adopting an older teen, please share my story—and have him or her think of my family. They didn’t get to see my first steps or watch me be a pilgrim in my second grade Thanksgiving play. But they taught me so many things about life, and were there to watch me walk across the stage when I graduated from college and law school and accompanied me to the White House last year as I was honored for my work helping foster youth.
I look forward to many more Thanksgivings with my family, and I’m eternally thankful they chose me to be a part of their family.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲了作者在她16岁时被领养的故事，介绍了她被领养后的经历和领养年龄较大的青少年的优点。目的就是要呼吁更多的人领养年龄较大的青少年。
8．What contributes to the author’s feeling that she can’t imagine being alone in the world?
A．The family’s giving the author a Mickey Mouse as a gift.
B．The author’s spending her Thanksgiving with her extended family for 17 years.
C．The mother’s failing to attend the author’s wedding ceremony for her severe disease.
D．The family’s always sharing happiness and sorrow with her.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第七段中的like having someone to share my bad day with, celebrate my promotion at work, or help me think through a difficult decision. It’s in these moments that I just can’t imagine being alone in the world. 如有人分享我糟糕的一天，庆祝我工作上的晋升，或帮助我做出一个艰难的决定。就是这些时刻让我不能想象独自一人在世界上。可知家庭总是与她分享快乐和悲伤让她不能想象独自一人在这个世界上。故选D。
9．What does adoption for older youth really mean?
A．It means not living alone any longer.
B．It means being taken good care of by others.
C．It means being successful in career.
D．It means being loved and a sense of belonging.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的They need and deserve a family just as much as young children do. 他们像小孩子一样需要并值得拥有一个家庭。可知对大龄的青少年来说，被领养意味着被爱和归属感。故选D。
10．The underlined sentence “It’s an opportunity to be rejected once again.” in Paragraph 8 means that ________．
A．older teens take the opportunity to be adopted
B．older teens are less likely to be adopted
C．older teens create the opportunity to be adopted
D．older teens are in danger of being adopted
B 解析：句意理解题。 It’s an opportunity to be rejected once again.这是一个再次被拒绝的机会，那是因为年龄较大的青少年不太可能被收养。故选B。
11．What’s the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?
A．To express her appreciation for her family.
B．To show sympathy to the unadoptable older youth.
C．To appeal to more people to adopt the older youth.
D．To persuade the readers not to believe others’ words.
C 解析：写作意图题。本文主要讲了作者在她16岁时被领养的故事，介绍了她的经历和领养年龄较大的青少年的优点。目的就是要呼吁更多的人领养年龄较大的青少年。故选C。
七选五
The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we’ve never been before.
But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line. 1.________ Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.
For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face？” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. 2.________
If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct(本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so. 3.________ If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.
4．________ Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it. If it’s a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else. 5.________ At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯)．
It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age, sex and marital status. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, don’t ask such questions.
A．It’s natural that there some people who speak rudely or make mistakes online.
B．Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.
C．Everyone was new to the network once.
D．The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated.
E．When you send short messages to a person online, you must say something beautiful to hear.
F．You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages.
G．If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely.
【解题导语】 互联网为我们提供了一个全新的在线世界，我们可以在网上见面、聊天，并且能够去我们以前从未到过的地方。但是，就像面对面聊天一样，网络交流也需要遵守一些规则。
1．D 解析：考查上下文联系。根据空前there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line可知，接下来会介绍网络交流中的一些行为准则，再根据空后Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.可知，这里说的是换位思考，D项“基本规则很简单：以你希望得到对待的方式来对待别人。”串联上下文，故选D。
2．B 解析：考查上下文联系。ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face？”可知，本段讲的是，在说话之前应该想清楚是否要当面说出来，B项中的“saying the words to the person’s face”与前一句相呼应，故选B。
3．F 解析：考查上下文联系。根据your instinct(本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so.可知，如果聊天室里有人对你无礼，你不应该反击他，而是应该忽视那个人或屏蔽掉他的信息，F项符合语境，故选F。
4．C 解析：考查上下文联系。根据空后Offer advice when asked by newcomers可知，本段讲的是，应该为新手提供建议，包容他们所犯的错误。因为每个人在刚开始时对网络都是陌生的，故选C。
5．G 解析：考查上下文联系。根据空后At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯)．可知，这里说的是如果你想指出别人的错误，应该用一种礼貌的方式指出来，同时，如果是自己错了，你应该改正错误并向他人道歉，故选G。
B卷 [学生用书P79(单独成册)]
阅读理解
Just reading
Facebook posts—without posting messages or responding to comments—makes users feel bad about themselves, some studies have discovered. A 2015 study at the University of Michigan, for example, found that students who simply read Facebook posts for 10 minutes were in a worse mood by the end of the day than those who posted messages or commented on friends’ posts.
Researchers think that users who only read posts may be always comparing their own lives to others’ posts and feel they’re coming up short. Or users may simply be missing out on face-to-face human communication. This is necessary and important for a healthier state of mind.“In general, when people spend a lot of time passively(被动地) receiving information—reading, but not interacting(交流) with people—they report feeling worse afterward，” said an unusual Facebook blog post.
The research appears to be bad news for Facebook, but Facebook itself is getting the negative news known to the public. In fact, the findings support the company’s push to get users to be more active on the site, the blog noted. Research has also found that “interacting with people—especially sharing messages, posts and comments with close friends and thinking of past interactions—is connected with improvements in well-being”．
One commenter to the Facebook blog post noted that it’s “no surprise that your conclusions—encouraging‘active’ Facebook use—are connected with Facebook’s business interests. It gives Facebook chances to persuade us into sharing, commenting, and posting more than ever—for our own good！”
The company has faced a lot of negative news about Facebook. Former Facebook Vice President Chamath Palihapitiya told Stanford University graduate business students that social media are destroying society. Palihapitiya said he felt really bad for the role he played in making Facebook so outstanding.“We kind of knew something bad could happen.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，只在Facebook上浏览文章而不分享动态或与他人互动会使人心情变差。
1．What did the 2015 study mainly show?
A．Not all users considered Facebook useful.
B．Using Facebook in the right way could benefit us.
C．Not all people loved interacting with others on Facebook.
D．Passively using Facebook negatively affected users’ moods.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..students who simply read Facebook posts for 10 minutes were in a worse mood by the end of the day than those who posted messages or commented on friends’ posts.可知，这个研究表明：在Facebook上只浏览信息而不主动与他人互动会影响心情。
2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Avoiding comparing ourselves with others.
B．Reading the posts on Facebook positively.
C．Interacting with others face to face.
D．Sharing experiences on Facebook.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据画线词前的Or users may simply be missing out on face-to-face human communication.可知，此处是指面对面交流对于保持一个健康的心态很重要，故This指代与他人面对面交流。
3．Why did Facebook make the findings known to the public?
A．To encourage people to use Facebook more.
B．To show Facebook’s concern about its users.
C．To apologize to its users for the bad influence.
D．To prove the importance of human interaction.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的In fact, the findings support the company’s push to get users to be more active on the site...及第四段中的It gives Facebook chances to persuade us into sharing, commenting, and posting more than ever...可知，Facebook这样做是为了鼓励用户在该平台更活跃，即鼓励人们多使用该网站。
4．From what Chamath Palihapitiya said, we learn that ________．
A．Facebook has some disadvantages
B．Facebook is facing serious challenges
C．Facebook disappoints the public deeply
D．Facebook is improving some students’ life
A 解析：推理判断题。根据末段中的Palihapitiya said he felt really bad for the role he played in making Facebook so outstanding.“We kind of knew something bad could happen.”可知，Facebook存在一些弊端。
完形填空
Billy Arjan Singh was a wildlife expert in India.Singh__1__ big cat cub orphans(幼崽孤儿)，such as leopards(豹) and tigers.__2__Singh，one leopard cub orphan that grew up on his farm was named Harriet.But，she was not a(n)__3__．Singh taught Harriet how to__4__in the wild.
__5__Singh released Harriet to the forest，he kept track of her for a while.He__6__when Harriet went away to have cubs of her own.At that time he__7__he would never see her again.
Then，floods came to the river and the forest.Harriet and her two cubs were in danger.__8__she had lived in the wild for years，Harriet__9__the place where she had been safe as a cub.She took one of her cubs in her mouth.Then，Harriet swam across the river to Singh’s__10__，walked into the kitchen，and put her cub on the floor.Harriet went back to get her second cub and brought the cub to Singh’s house too.Singh’s cook moved out and __11__the kitchen to the leopards!
Harriet watched the __12__every day.One day，Harriet swam across the river to see her home.She decided that her home was__13__．She took the first cub across the river，__14__the current in the river was strong and it was__15__for her to swim back to the farm.
Harriet knew that she should not__16__across with the second cub.__17__，Harriet took her cub in her mouth，walked to Singh’s boat，and jumped in.When Singh__18__Harriet，he knew that she needed__19__．Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest.Harriet and her cubs were at home in the wild__20__．Singh never saw her again after that.
【解题导语】 本文是记叙文。Singh 将他从小养大的豹子Harriet放回大自然，本以为再也见不到她了，没想到一次洪水又让他们重逢。在Singh的帮助下Harriet带领小豹子重回家园。
1. A．got tired of B．took care of
C．made use of D．took advantage of
B 解析：根据上一句中的Singh was a wildlife expert及下一句中的one leopard cub orphan that grew up on his farm可知，Singh的工作就是“照顾(took care of)”大型猫科动物的幼崽。
2．A.Because of B．According to
C．Except for D．In relation to
B 解析：根据语境可知，Singh说有一只叫Harriet的豹子在他的农场长大。According to表示“据……所说”。
3．A.friend B．animal
C．cat D．pet
D 解析：根据下文中的released Harriet to the forest可知，Harriet不是“宠物(pet)”，所以Singh将她放回大自然。
4．A.explore B．disappear
C．live D．hide
C 解析：根据本句中的in the wild可知，Singh教Harriet如何在野外“生活(live)”。
5．A.After B．Before
C．When D．Until
A
6．A.doubted B．knew
C．asked D．guessed
B 解析：根据文中的he kept track of her for a while可知，Singh将Harriet放回大自然“之后(After)”，继续跟踪了她一段时间。所以Singh“知道(knew)”Harriet生下了小豹子。
7．A.imagined B．expected
C．suggested D．thought
D 解析：根据上文中的Harriet went away to have cubs of her own可知，Harriet有了自己的孩子，Singh“认为(thought)”他再也见不到Harriet了。
8．A.Though B．Unless
C．If D．For
A
9．A.destroyed B．remembered
C．missed D．hated
B 解析：根据下文中的Harriet went back to get her second cub and brought the cub to Singh’s house可知，“尽管(Though)”Harriet在野外生活了好多年，但是她仍然“记得(remembered)”小时候温暖的家。
10．A.hometown B．hotel
C．office D．house
D 解析：根据下文中的brought the cub to Singh’s house可知，Harriet 带着她的孩子来到了Singh的“家(house)”。
11．A.left B．returned
C．sent D．showed
A 解析：根据上文中的Singh’s cook moved out可知，Singh的厨师将厨房“留给(left)”Harriet。
12．A.cook B．food
C．river D．enemy
C 解析：根据上文中的floods came to the river可知，Harriet 天天观察“河流(river)”的情况。
13．A.beautiful B．far
C．safe D．warm
C 解析：根据下一句中的She took the first cub across the river可知，Harriet在确认“安全(safe)”后才将小豹子带过河。
14．A.and B．but
C．so D．or
B
15．A.difficult B．pleasant
C．important D．possible
A 解析：根据本句中的the current in the river was strong可知，“但是(but)”水流湍急，Harriet游回农场很“困难(difficult)”。
16．A.jump B．run
C．walk D．swim
D
17．A.First B．Instead
C．Once D．Besides
B 解析：根据下文中的Harriet took her cub in her mouth，walked to Singh’s boat，and jumped in可知，Harriet知道自己无法带着第二只小豹子“游(swim)”过河了，所以她“改为(Instead)”去找Singh寻求帮助。
18．A.saw B．found
C．forgot D．followed
A
19．A.change B．hope
C．help D．praise
C 解析：根据下文中的Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest.可知，当Singh“看见(saw)”Harriet的时候，他知道她需要“帮助(help)”。
20．A.again B．already
C．too D．alone
A 解析：根据上文中的Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest.可知，在Singh的帮助下，Harriet和她的小豹子们又“重新(again)”回到了他们的家。
语法填空
The Big Bang theory is science’s best explanation of how the universe began. The theory insists that our universe 1.____________(create) when a tiny and super-hot mass exploded and began expanding very rapidly. It 2.____________(final) cooled and formed into the stars and galaxies(银河系) with 3.____________ we are familiar. It is said 4.____________the event happened approximately 15 billion years ago. The event of the Big Bang was space itself expanding — perhaps at speeds 5.____________ (great) than light.
Since the late 1960s, the Big Bang theory 6.____________ (be) the main explanation for the birth of our universe. Because 7.____________ (physics) have not yet found a convincing theory that explains how gravity operates, they are unable 8.____________ (find) theories as to what happened after the Big Bang. At the very beginning, our universe may have been an object with nearly-infinite density, 9.____________ perhaps something else. Our instruments and 10.____________ (science) methods may need to be fully improved before any further progress is made.
1．was created 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。universe 与 create 之间是被动关系，且 create 所表示的动作发生在过去，故填 was created。
2．finally 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰 cooled 和 formed，故填 finally。
3．which 解析：考查关系代词。此处为由“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 stars and galaxies(银河系), 因该关系代词在从句中作介词 with 的宾语，故填 which。
4．that 解析：考查连接词。It is said that... 意为“据说”，其中 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是由 that 引导的从句。
5．greater 解析：考查形容词比较级。由 than 可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填 greater。
6．has been 解析：考查现在完成时。由 Since the late 1960s 可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填 has been。
7．physicists 解析：考查名词。设空处作主语，表示“物理学家”，又因谓语动词为复数形式，故填 physicists。
8．to find 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。be unable to do sth. 意为“没有能力做某事”。
9．or 解析：考查连词。由句意可知， an object with nearly-infinite-density 与 something else 之间是选择关系，故填 or。
10．scientific 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰 methods, 表示“科学的”，故填 scientific。
Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language Points
confuse vt.使糊涂， 使迷惑
(教材P1) However, even if we have good senses, they can still confuse us.
然而， 即使我们有良好的感官， 它们仍会让我们感到迷惑。
(1)confuse...with/and... 混淆； 辨别不清
be confused by 被……弄混； 糊涂
(2)confused adj. 困惑的，混乱的
confusing adj. 令人费解的； 使人困惑的
(3)confusion n. 困惑
in confusion 处于混乱状态
①I always confuse John with his brother; they are so much alike.
我总是分不清约翰和他的哥哥， 他们长得太像了。
②There was a confused look on his face when he met with the confusing problem.(confuse)
当他遇到令人费解的问题时他脸上有困惑的表情。
③His writing is so confusing(confuse) that it’s difficult to make out what it is he is trying to express.
他的作文如此难懂， 以至于很难弄清楚他到底想表达什么。
④They looked at me in confusion(confuse) and did not answer the question.
他们困惑地看着我， 没有回答问题。
confusing表示事物让人迷惑的； 而confused表示人受到事物的影响而感到迷惑， 主语是人。 当修饰一个人的表情(look, expression)及声音(voice)时， 一般用confused。
They confused me by asking so many confusing questions.I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.
他们提出了一大堆令人费解的问题， 把我难住了。我稀里糊涂， 迷茫地站在那里， 全然不知所措。
[巧学活用]——句式升级
He was confused with the present situation so he didn’t know what to do next.
→Confused_with_the_present_situation，he didn’t know what to do next.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)
observe vt.观察；注意到；评论；遵守；庆祝(节日)
(教材P2)As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat.
当波莉观察地铁车厢里的乘客时， 她感觉到有一个穿黑色大衣的高个子男人一直在注视着她。
(1)observe sb.do sth. 观察某人做某事(全过程)
observe sb.doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事
observe that... 观察……
(2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则
(3)observe Christmas 过圣诞节
①Therefore, rules should be worked out and strictly observed.
因此，我们必须制定一些规则并要严格遵守。
②Did you observe the birds flying(fly) around the trees? 你看到鸟儿在绕着树飞吗？
observe sb.do的被动结构是：sb.be observed to do。
③The woman was observed to_follow(follow) him closely.
有人看到那女人紧跟着他。
When we attend the parade to observe National Day, we must observe the traffic regulation.If we observe someone run a red light, we should stop him.
当我们参加游行庆祝国庆节的时候必须遵守交通规则。如果我们看到有人闯红灯， 我们应该阻止他。
glance vi.& n．瞥一眼，匆匆看
(教材P2)While the rest of the passengers were getting out, she glanced at the faces around her.
趁其他乘客下车的时候，她扫视了一下周围的面孔。
(1)glance at 扫视；一瞥
glance through/over 扫视；浏览
(2)give/take a glance (at) (朝……)一瞥
at first glance/sight 乍一看
at a glance 看一眼
①The teacher glanced at his watch and announced that the time was up.
老师看了一下手表， 然后宣布时间到了。
②The two men look similar at first glance.
乍一看， 这两人很像。
易混词组
用法区别
例句
glance at
扫视， 强调看的时间很短
The old man glanced at the boy.
那个老人看了男孩一眼。
stare at
由于吃惊、好奇或无礼而睁大眼睛盯着看
It’s impolite to stare at foreign visitors in the street. 在街上盯着外国游客看是不礼貌的。
glare at
怒视， 强调敌对、威胁的态度
They stopped arguing and glared at each other.
他们停止了争论， 怒视着对方。
look at
没有任何感彩地看
Look at the blackboard, boys and girls.
同学们， 看黑板。
[巧学活用]——用上述短语的适当形式填空
(1)He walked and glanced_at his watch now and then.
(2)They glared_at each other across the table after the quarrel.
(3)It is bad manners to stare_at strangers in the public.
(4)Please raise your head and look_at the blackboard.
nowhere adv.无处， 到处都不
(教材P2)The tall man was nowhere to be seen.
到处都看不到那个高个子男人的身影。
nowhere to be seen/found 无处可找
get nowhere 毫无进展
nowhere near 差得远
①The money was nowhere to be found.
到处都找不到那笔钱。
②He was getting nowhere with his homework until his sister helped him.
他在姐姐的帮助之下作业才有些进展。
③We only had $100 and that was nowhere_near enough to buy a computer.
我们只有100美元， 远远不够买一台电脑。
④It is lucky we booked a room, or we would have nowhere_to stay now.
真幸运我们预订了房间， 不然的话我们就无处可待了。
nowhere为否定意义的副词， 当它置于句首时， 主、谓语要部分倒装。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
大家认为世界上没有任何一个地方能像故宫博物院那样给我们留下如此深刻的印象。
It is believed that nowhere_in_the_world can impress us so deeply as the Palace Museum.
approach vt.& vi.接近， 靠近；与……打交道， 接洽；对付；处理
n．[U]靠近， 接近；[C]方法， 途径， 通道
(教材P2)As she walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching...
当她沿着那条狭窄的街道行走时， 她听到了脚步声在靠近……
the approach to... ……的方法/通道
at the approach of... 在快到……的时候
with the approach of... 随着……的临近
①He cautiously approached the house.
他小心地走近那所房子。
②Approaching(approach) the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.
靠近车，他们看到一个女人正试图从碎了的车窗里爬出来。
③All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.
所有通往机场的路都被警察封锁了。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
随着教师节的临近， 今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。
(1)As_Teachers’_Day_was_approaching,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.(as)
(2)With_Teachers’_Day_approaching,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.(with)
(3)As_Teachers’_Day_was_drawing_near,_our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year.(draw)
hesitate vi.犹豫， 迟疑不决
(教材P2)Polly hesitated.
波莉犹豫了。
(1)hesitate to do... 迟疑做……
hesitate about/over... 对……犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 犹豫
have no hesitation in doing... 毫不犹豫做……
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地， 立即
①Don’t hesitate about (making) your decision once you think it over.
只要你思考清楚了， 就不要犹豫不决。
②The soldier jumped into the river to save the children without hesitation(hesitate) the second he heard the help.
那位士兵一听到呼救声， 就毫不犹豫地跳进河里去救那些孩子了。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
如果我有其他可以帮上忙的， 请及时跟我联系。
If there is something else I can do for you，please_don’t_hesitate_to_contact_me．
anxious adj.焦虑；忧虑；急切的
(教材P3)Of course.You really shouldn’t feel anxious.
当然了， 你真的不该感到担心。
(1)be anxious about... 为……担心
be anxious to do... 急于做……
be anxious that... 渴望……
(2)anxiously adv. 忧虑不安地
(3)anxiety n. 忧虑， 担心
①Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
我总是紧张， 所以我一次集中注意力的时间不到一小时。
②He is very anxious about the result of the exam.
他很担心考试的结果。
③He is anxious that he has time to see the film.
他渴望有时间看那部电影。
④He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety．(anxious)
他急切想离开， 他无法隐藏他的忧虑。
⑤Anxiously(anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.
她迫不及待地从包裹里拿出裙子， 试穿了一下， 结果发现它不合身。
relief n．轻松， 宽慰
(教材P3)‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid，’ said Polly in relief.
“非常感谢您帮我，” 波莉如释重负地说。
(1)in relief 如释重负地
to one’s relief 令某人宽慰的是
a sigh of relief 松了一口气
(2)relieve vt. 减轻， 缓解
relieve sb.of... 解除某人的……负担
①After all the problems were settled, the manager went home in relief.
在所有的问题都解决了之后， 经理如释重负地回家了。
②To my great relief, I wasn’t late.
我最庆幸的是没有迟到。
③Let me relieve you of some of the housework.
让我来帮你做些家务活。
——写出黑体部分的含义
Relief was flown to the flood hit areas. (n.救济品)
[巧学活用]——一句多译
听说你安然无恙地回来了，我们就都放心了。
(1)To_our_relief,_you came back safe and sound.(to one’s relief)
(2)It’s_a_relief_for_us_to_hear you came back safe and sound.(It’s a relief...)
in sight 看得到， 在视力范围之内
(教材P2)There was no one in sight. 一个人也看不到。
in/within sight of 在看得见的地方
out of sight 看不见
at the sight of 一看见……
at first sight 乍一看
catch sight of 看见
lose sight of 看不见
①The train is still in sight. 火车仍在视线内。
②We came in sight of the school buildings.
我们来到了看得见学校建筑物的地方。
③Karen waved until the car was out_of_sight．
卡伦不停地挥手， 直到看不见汽车为止。
④She was sick at the sight of the blood.
她一见到血就感到恶心。
⑤Suddenly, I caught sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 突然，在人群中我看到了我的英语老师。
[巧学活用]——用sight的相关短语填空
(1)We must never lose_sight_of the fact that man must live in harmony with nature.
(2)I caught_sight_of her getting on the bus when I came out of the store.
(3)At_the_sight_of his mother, he cried with excitement.
(4)At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out_of_sight．
wish for 盼望， 企盼
(教材P2)A minute before, she had wished for someone to come along. 一分钟前， 她还盼望着有人朝她走过来。
(1)wish to do 盼望做
wish sb.to do 希望某人做
wish that... 希望……(虚拟语气)
wish sb.sth. 祝愿某人某事
(2)give one’s best wishes to... 向……表示良好的祝愿
①We are apt to wish for what we can’t have.
我们往往会祈求得不到的东西。
②Susan made it clear to me that she wished to_make(make) a new life for herself.
苏珊使我清楚她希望自己过一种新的生活。
③I wish you to_come(come) here tomorrow.
我希望你明天能来这儿。
④I wish I knew(know) his address.
要是我知道他的地址就好了。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)我们祝你新年快乐。
We wish_you_a_Happy_New_Year．
(2)他希望昨天抓住了那次机会并且希望今天会有好运。
He wishes that he had_seized the chance yesterday and wishes he would_have good luck today.
reach out 伸出(手)
(教材P3)A few seconds later, a hand reached out and grasped her arm.
几秒钟后， 一只手伸出来抓住了她的胳膊。
(1)reach someplace 到达某地
reach sth. 伸手拿到某物
reach sb. 联系到某人
reach (out) for 伸手去拿……
reach from...to... 从……到……
(2)beyond/out of one’s reach 力所不能及的
out of one’s reach＝out of the reach of
某人够不着的
within one’s reach＝within the reach of
在范围内
①He reached out for a book from the shelf.
他伸手从书架上拿了一本书。
②One of the men suddenly reached_out a hand and grabbed his clothes. 其中一个人突然伸手抓住他的衣服。
③The shelf is so high；it is well out_of/beyond_my_reach．架子太高， 我根本够不着。
④Put the toys within_the_reach_of that baby.
把玩具放到那个婴儿可以拿到的地方。
watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防，留意
(经典例句)Watch out for the haze; it may do great harm to us. 当心这种雾霾天气，它可能对我们造成很大的损害。
(1)watch out 当心；小心
watch over 照看；看守
(2)look out＝take care＝be careful
注意，当心
①I think you should watch out for that man—don’t be cheated by him.
我认为你应该当心那个人，别被他骗了。
②It was my duty to watch over the children.
照看那些孩子是我的职责。
pay back 报答；偿还(欠款)；向……报复
(教材P3)It gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when it’s sunny. 这给了我机会来回报晴天时人们给我的帮助。
pay for 付……的贷款； 受……的报应
pay off 全部还清；(计划等)顺利成功；使得益；有报偿
pay a visit to 参观， 拜访
pay attention to 注意；重视
①That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.
能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。
②I’ll pay Mary back for what she did to me!
玛丽这样对待我， 我一定要向她报复！
③What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid_off all his debts.
使他高兴的是经过这些年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。
④His years of hard work paid off.
他多年的努力终于得到了报偿。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
我对英语非常感兴趣而且付出了努力， 最后我所有的努力都得到了回报。
I was very interested in English and worked hard at it.Finally all_my_efforts_paid_off．
(教材P2)Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.
一来到大街上， 她就很快地向往常乘车的车站走去。
once在本句中用作连词， 引导时间状语从句， 意为 “一……就……， 一旦”， 此处为省略形式。其完整形式应为Once she was out in the street...
在英语中， 由when, while, as, once, whenever等引导的时间状语从句， 或由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句， 由though, although, even if, even though等引导的让步状语从句， 由as though, as if, as等引导的方式状语从句， 由wherever等引导的地点状语从句中，
若从句的主语是it或与主句主语相同， 且在谓语中含有be动词时， 常可省略从句中的主语和be动词。
①Once (it is) printed, this dictionary will be very popular.
一旦出版， 这本词典会非常畅销。
②It is said that she was admitted to a famous university. If_so,_I’m really proud of her.
据说她被一所著名大学录取了， 如果是那样的话， 我真的为她感到自豪。
③He was knocked down while crossing(cross) the street.
过马路时他被撞倒了。
④I won’t go to the party unless invited(invite)．
如果不被邀请， 我不会去参加那个晚会。
⑤First aid, if (it is) properly done(do), can save a person’s life.
急救如果做得恰当， 能拯救一个人的性命。
(教材P2)Outside, wherever she looked the fog lay like a thick, grey cloud.
外面， 无论她往哪儿看， 雾像浓密的灰云一样聚积着。
此句含wherever引导的让步状语从句。wherever可与no matter where互换。
whatever, whoever, whichever等引导名词性从句时， 其意义相当于anything that, anyone that等；引导让步状语从句时， 其意义相当于no matter what/who/which等。
①Cultural differences occur wherever you go.
不论你去哪里文化差异都存在。
②Wherever/No_matter_where you go, I will be right here waiting for you.
不论你到哪儿， 我都会在这儿等着你。
③I’d like to see you whenever it’s convenient.
在你方便的时候我想来看看你。
④Whoever/No_matter_who he is, I don’t want to see him. 不论他是谁我都不想见。
⑤Can whoever leaves last please lock up the door?
最后走的人请把门锁上好吗？
(教材P3)Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.
波莉发现自己正盯着一张长着络腮胡子的老人的脸。
(1)find oneself...发现自己处于某种境地，而且含有“在不知不觉中……”的意思。
(2)“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构：
(3)find＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do(it是形式宾语，to do是真正的宾语)
①The old man found his hometown much changed.
这位老人发现自己的家乡有了很大的变化。
②When he came to himself, he found himself locked(lock) in the room.
当他醒来时，他发现自己被锁在房间里。
③After I arrived in America，I found myself_living(live) in a completely foreign culture.
我来到美国后，发现自己生活在完全陌生的文化中。
④Some students find it not easy to_understand(understand) English grammar.
一些学生发现理解英语语法不容易。
品句填词
1．They asked so many questions that they ____________(使迷惑)me.
答案：confused
2．They tried to ____________(预测) the result of the football match.
答案：forecast
3．Please do not ____________(犹豫) to contact me if you have any questions.
答案：hesitate
4．There are plenty of graduates ____________(急切的) for work.
答案：anxious
5．Your ____________(方法) to teaching differs nothing from hers.
答案：approach
6．In the ____________(黑暗) he knocked against something.
答案：darkness
7．You must ____________(抓住) this opportunity.
答案：grasp
8．They did not ____________(注意到) Mary come in and go upstairs.
答案：observe
9．The tables are ____________(牢牢地) fixed to the floor.
答案：firmly
10．I am really very ____________(感激的) to you for your advice.
答案：grateful
单句改错
1．—What do you think of her speech last night?
—Just so-so.She gave us too much information, so that everyone got confusing. ____________________
答案：confusing→confused
2．She observed a man walked on the opposite side of the road. ____________________
答案：walked→walking
3．If we can be of any assistance, please don’t hesitate telling us. ____________________
答案：telling→to tell
4．The mother was standing at the gate, anxiously to see her son. ____________________
答案：anxiously→anxious
5．Mary made it clear to her husband that she wished traveling to Europe. ____________________
答案：traveling→to travel
完成句子
1．大部分孩子对这部电影的结尾仍感到困惑不解。
The ending of the film still ______________________．
＝Most of the children are still ______________________ of the film.
＝The ending of the film still makes ______________________．
答案：confuses most of the children；confused about the ending；most of the children confused
2．警方注意到那个男子进入了银行。
The police observed the man ________________．
＝The man was observed ________________ by the police.
答案：enter the bank；to enter the bank
3．正如所预料的一样， 她毫不犹豫地接受了这份工作。
As was expected, she had no __________________________．
答案：hesitation in accepting the job
4．父母为儿女的前途操心是人之常情。
It’s natural for parents __________________ their children’s future.
答案：to be anxious about
5．我希望自己英语讲得跟他一样好。
I ________________________ as well as he can.
答案：wish I could speak English
课文语法填空
On a 1.____________(fog) afternoon, 2.____________(wonder) whether the buses would still be running, I left work 3.____________(early) than usual.Once out in the street, I hurried towards my usual bus stop, only 4.____________(tell) the bus could not run 5.____________ far as King Street that day.I had to take the Underground to Green Park station, 6.____________ there was no one in sight.As I walked along the narrow street, I heard footsteps 7.____________(approach), but when I glanced around, I found the footsteps gone.Suddenly I 8.____________(fright) by a man’s rough hand brushing my cheek.He said sorry to me and moved away.Then I heard the footsteps again.I felt so frightened 9.____________ I couldn’t move at all.Luckily, it was a blind man who offered to help me, and with his help I got to my 10.____________(live) place, 86 King Street.
答案：1.foggy 2.wondering 3.earlier 4.to be told
5．as 6.where 7.approaching 8.was frightened 9.that
10．living
A卷 [学生用书P81(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．He stood up as if ____________(say) something.
答案：to say
2．In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely ____________(change)．
答案：changed
3．Remember you are a Chinese ____________ you go.
答案：wherever
4．Watch out ____________ anybody trying to come in this way.
答案：for
5．I wish that I ____________(know) something about programming.
答案：knew
6．The instructions on the box are very ____________(confuse)．
答案：confusing
7．He observed a stranger ____________(hang) around the store.
答案：hanging
8．She glanced ____________ the sleeping child and then hurried away.
答案：at
9．He took a very scientific approach ____________ management.
答案：to
10．We have no hesitation in ____________(accept) your most generous offer.
答案：accepting
阅读理解
If anyone who has ridden a horse for any length of time told you they have never felt any fear, they would be dishonest. You may prefer to call it “respect” instead of fear, but it’s always a fact that the 1，000-pound or so animal you are sitting on is, physically, more powerful than you are.
A bad experience, usually something that cannot be avoided no matter what the rider does, can turn healthy respect to fear. Once a rider has been physically hurt, it will take him/her a while to rebuild confidence. The old idea promised that if you just got right back on again, everything would be fine. However, suppressing(抑制) fear seldom works. Besides, suppressing fear doesn’t help to tell the rider to “just get over it”．
Fear is usually related to the rider’s skill level. The best way to overcome riding fears is to work on developing good riding skills. Having good riding skills gives the rider the confidence that he or she has the ability to ride a horse and to deal with anything the horse might do. Riders also need to develop habits that allow them to stay mentally and emotionally calm in a relaxed way when their horse becomes excited or frightened. Their partners also have to keep calm in order to bring the other back to that state.
It is hard to get past your fear when you work by yourself. Finding an experienced instructor who knows your confidence crisis(危机) is important. You need someone who understands how to back up and find the point where you are comfortably riding. Having the right horse can also be important when you are learning to ride horse and trying to rebuild confidence. We are fortunate here at Meredith Manor to have 130 to 150 horses to choose from when our instructors sit down to make weekly horse assignment(分配) for each learner.
【解题导语】 学骑马的时候心里害怕很正常，作者在本文提供了几点建议来帮助骑马者克服这种情绪。
1．What does the author want to show in Paragraph 1?
A．Horses are really powerful.
B．Some horse riders can be dishonest.
C．It’s common for horse riders to fear.
D．Horse riders should respect their horses.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段主要是在阐释：每个骑过马的人都曾感到过害怕，这是很普遍的事情。
2．According to the old idea, after a bad horse riding experience, we should ________．
A．try horse riding again at once
B．tell ourselves to just get over it
C．turn our fears into healthy respect
D．avoid riding a horse for some time
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的The old idea promised that if you just got right back on again, everything would be fine.可知，老观点认为，一次失败的经历之后，我们可以通过立即再次尝试来克服恐惧。
3．What does the author think is the best way to overcome riding fears?
A．Improving our horse riding skills.
B．Learning to stay calm in an accident.
C．Finding the point of comfortably riding.
D．Seeking help from an experienced partner.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的The best way to overcome riding fears is to work on developing good riding skills.可知，作者认为克服骑马恐惧最好的方法是提升骑马的技巧。
完形填空
About a year back, I got off the train and was waiting for my ride to pick me up.Suddenly I felt a strong desire to __1__ a poem.I looked around and found a pen, but no __2__．There was not __3__ a sheet of paper at hand.
So I sat down __4__ on a step of a building.Then I looked around a little more.It __5__ that in my old wallet I had a __6__．I looked at it a little more carefully；it became clear that there was __7__ room for me to write on the dollar.But I could write something.
So I took my pen and wrote something like this，“This is a very __8__ dollar—given to you with love.Do not keep it.Do not __9__ it.Pass it on.Give it to someone else with love, and watch it __10__．”
I then decorated the bill with __11__， trying to fill it with as many good feelings as I possibly could.
Sitting near me was a woman who was also waiting for a __12__．She seemed a bit __13__．I walked up to her and said, “This is for you；I hope everything __14__ well.” And I gave the bill to the woman.
__15__ to be given a dollar with hearts, she took a second look and read it.All of a sudden there was a(n)__16__ on her face and she stood up and gave me a big __17__ and thanked me.I was sure she was not anxious any more.
I realized that if this was the reaction from just one __18__， then this wave of warmth would probably continue on without __19__．
My ride came, and we drove off.Somehow, __20__ , I felt that was not the end of the story.
1．A.print B．write
C．copy D．find
B 解析：由下文I looked around and found a pen...可知， 作者有写(write)诗的愿望和灵感。
2．A.place B．seat
C．person D．paper
D 解析：由下文．..a sheet of paper at hand可知作者找到了笔， 但是没有找到纸(paper)。
3．A.even B．yet
C．still D．nearly
A 解析：此处用even表示强调， 此时作者手头甚至连一张纸也没有。
4．A.sadly B．comfortably
C．disappointedly D．happily
C 解析：作者很想写诗但是找不到纸， 所以作者有些失望地(disappointedly)坐下来。
5．A.made out B．turned out
C．found out D．went out
B 解析：后来证明(turned out)作者钱包里有一张一美元的钞票。
6．A.bill B．pen
C．book D．key
A 解析：由下文I then decorated the bill...可知， 作者发现钱包里有一张一美元的钞票(bill)。
7．A.dark B．large
C．little D．clean
C 解析：钞票上没有多少(little)空间可以写东西。
8．A.new B．strange
C．lively D．special
D 解析：由下文作者在这张钞票上写的内容可知这是一张特别的(special)钞票。
9．A.spend B．touch
C．search D．miss
A 解析：由下文Pass it on.Give it to someone else with love, and watch it...可知不要花(spend)这张钞票。
10．A.grow B．spread
C．work D．disappear
B 解析：看着这张钞票进行爱心传递(spread)。
11．A.diamonds B．gifts
C．hats D．hearts
D 解析：由下文．..given a dollar with hearts...可推知作者在钞票上画满了 “心” (hearts)的图案。
12．A.bus B．chance
C．ride D．change
C 解析：由文中第一句话About a year back, I got off the train and was waiting for my ride to pick me up.可知， 此处选ride。
13．A.active B．anxious
C．sleepy D．angry
B 解析：由下文I was sure she was not anxious any more.可知，此处选择anxious。
14．A.goes B．starts
C．behaves D．looks
A 解析：everything goes well为固定搭配， 表示 “一切顺利” 的意思。
15．A.Satisfied B．Interested
C．Excited D．Surprised
D 解析：突然收到陌生人送来的爱心钞票， 女人会感到惊讶。
16．A.point B．smile
C．tear D．expression
B 解析：看了作者写在钞票上的话， 那个女人笑(smile)了一下。
17．A.note B．flower
C．hug D．present
C 解析：她站起来抱(hug)了作者一下， 然后感谢作者。
18．A.stranger B．visitor
C．waiter D．passer-by
A 解析：作者从一位陌生人(stranger)那里的反应推知， 爱心是可以传递的， 且效果非常明显。
19．A.money B．humor
C．limit D．exception
C 解析：without limit意为 “没有限制地”， 作者的意思为：这种温暖的涟漪会无限地延续下去。
20．A.instead B．besides
C．therefore D．though
D 解析：作者已经走了但是(though)作者感觉这不是故事的结尾。作者的意思是爱心会一直传递下去。
B卷 [学生用书P83(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
I’d been thinking of taking a course on scuba-diving(水肺潜水) for months, but wasn’t sure because I was afraid of snakes—sea snakes. Just thinking about it made me sick.
But then, I wanted to know why people loved it so much. They all said that under the sea was like a totally different world, yet a beautiful one. And because of that, I decided to take the risk and try to face my fear.
So, after taking a private course from my diving instructor, Mbak Vita, I went to Sepa Island with her, to take the final exam.
First dive, 12 meters in depth. “What am I doing？” I asked myself. “What if something bad happened？” I tried hard not to panic and told myself to keep a good thought, “It’s gonna be a wonderful experience. Just do it！” Then I went down. My heart beat fast and my ears hurt as I went deeper. I followed Vita’s instructions closely until I felt comfortable to explore the sea.
Suddenly all around me was green. It felt like I was living in a green world! I saw some corals(珊瑚), big ones, and lots of beautiful fish hiding in the sand.
I was enjoying the beauty all around me when my instructor waved at me with her hand holding a pink flipper(橡胶蹼). “That flipper looks familiar，” I thought. Yes! That was my flipper! I didn’t realize that my right flipper had managed to get away from my right foot!
So, that was the first dive. In total, we dove 5 times in 2 days. We managed to dive up to 18 meters in depth. The next dives were smooth and for sure I didn’t lose my flipper! I was so happy to see different types of fish swimming in front of me as if I was invisible(不可见的)．It was indeed so beautiful and peaceful down there. Now I can see why people love diving under the sea.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己第一次下海潜水的经历。
1．How did the author feel about learning scuba-diving at first?
A．Uncertain. B．Excited.
C．Comfortable. D．Disappointed.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的I’d been thinking...wasn’t sure because I was afraid of snakes可知，作者怕蛇，因此对是否参加潜水课程犹豫不定。
2．What does the underlined word “panic” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Feel tired and sleepy.
B．Keep cool and relaxed.
C．Keep quiet and patient.
D．Feel nervous and worried.
D 解析：词义猜测题。由画线词前面作者问自己的问题What am I doing？和What if something bad happened？以及下文中的keep a good thought...Just do it可知，作者内心紧张、担忧，但努力克服这种感觉，给自己加油打气。
3．What happened during the author’s first dive?
A．She saw a sea snake.
B．A flipper fell off her foot.
C．The sea water turned green.
D．She lost her instructor in the sea.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的First dive, 12 meters in depth.以及倒数第二段中的my right flipper had managed to get away from my right foot可知，作者第一次在海底潜水时，右脚穿的橡胶蹼脱落了。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．A Pleasant Trip to the Beach
B．My First Experience with Scuba-diving
C．Why a Person Starts Scuba-diving
D．How Scuba-diving Affects My Life
B 解析：标题归纳题。作者在文章开头两段介绍了学习潜水的原因：想知道为什么许多人喜爱潜水，为海底世界所痴迷。接下来主要讲述了作者参加完潜水课程，进行第一次实地潜水的经历。因此，B项作标题最能概括文章内容。
B
Certain countries have taken strict action on smoking by completely banning it. However, people across the world still do not take it seriously. Around the world, about 10 million cigarettes are bought in a minute, 15 billion are sold each day, and over 5，000 billion are produced and used per year.
If people out on the streets or in front of supermarkets smoke openly, others passing by these smokers will breathe the smoke unwillingly, which can increase their risks of getting health problems unfortunately. In fact, one little cigarette contains about 7，000 chemicals, 69 of which have been proven to cause cancers. Cigarette smoke without doubt does no good to humans. Worldwide tobacco(烟草) causes 6 million deaths per year, and that means there is one death every 5 seconds.
Cigarettes are made from tobacco leaves. They originally take in all the carbon from the air as they grow. When you smoke them, you’re just returning the carbon to the air. Thus, cigarettes increase the detrimental chemicals in the air that finally damage the quality of the air. To tell the truth, the air pollution caused by cigarettes is 10 times greater than that by cars.
I have already made sure that smoking pollutes the air, but unfortunately, the damage to the environment does not stop there. It’s estimated that 1.69 billion pounds of cigarette butts(烟头) become rubbish each year. The rubbish can almost be found everywhere, which is the most ignored problem of the cigarettes. About 2 million of these cigarette butts are found in water, which results in the death of some animals. The cigarette butts that are thrown away carelessly can be dangerous to animals both on land and in the water.
The only measure that we can take to improve this situation is to stop smoking and more importantly, to stop littering(乱扔) cigarette butts. Take care of yourself and take care of the environment by putting a stop to smoking.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者主要论述了吸烟对身体及环境的危害并呼吁人们戒烟。
5．What does the author want to show by mentioning the numbers in the first paragraph?
A．Smoking is not easy to ban.
B．Cigarettes are sold well worldwide.
C．People spend too much on smoking each year.
D．Many people haven’t realized the necessity of stopping smoking.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Certain countries have taken strict action on smoking by completely banning it. However, people across the world still do not take it seriously.可知，作者在此段用数字论述主要是为了表明：很多人还没有意识到戒烟的必要性。
6．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The chemicals included in cigarettes.
B．The health problems caused by smoking.
C．The importance of avoiding smoking passively.
D．The negative effects of smoking on human health.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，本段主要讲的是无论是被动吸烟还是主动吸烟，都会对人的身体造成不利影响。
7．What does the underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Rare. B．Harmful.
C．Major. D．Different.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词后的that finally damage the quality of the air可知，香烟会使空气中“有害的”化学物质增加，这些化学物质最终会破坏空气质量。
8．The most unnoticed problem about cigarettes is that cigarette butts ________．
A．pollute the water
B．cause too much rubbish
C．are dropped everywhere
D．lead to many animals’ death
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的The rubbish can almost be found everywhere, which is the most ignored problem of the cigarettes.可知，每年的烟头垃圾很多，而这些垃圾被乱扔是香烟问题中最容易被忽视的。
七选五
It happens every night—bedtime. But what if you’re not sleepy? Should you still go to bed and just lie there with your eyes wide open? 1.________ But don’t worry. Here are some steps you can take to help you fall asleep.
One thing that can help is talking to a parent about what you’re thinking about at bedtime. For example, if you’re nervous about taking a test, or upset about being teased at school, it can really help to tell somebody. 2.________
3．________ If there’s anything about your room that makes you feel uneasy or anxious at night, like a picture that looks strange in the dark, or a leaking bathroom tap, ask your parent to move or fix it. Make sure electronics are kept away from your bed as their lights and noise can make it harder for you to fall asleep.
If you’re often nervous around bedtime, doing certain things to calm yourself may help you fall asleep. Taking a warm bath, or listening to a bedtime story at least 30 minutes before bed may help you relax. It also helps to follow a bedtime routine and go to sleep at the same time every night. 4.________
In order to find the right solution for you, it’s important that you understand what exactly is keeping you up at night. 5.________ Your body will thank you for the effort.
A．Knowing that somebody has heard you can help ease your mind so that you can rest.
B．Calming music played at a low volume can help the stress flow out of your body.
C．It’s a problem that has been around as long as there have been people trying to sleep.
D．Take the time to think about the problem carefully.
E．Sleeping in a comfortable bed in a quiet and cool room is ideal.
F．But what works for others may not necessarily work for you.
G．In this way, your body will get the message that it’s almost time to sleep.
【解题导语】 很多人都有失眠的问题，文章介绍一些方法可以让你很快入睡。
1．C 解析：根据上文的句子“Should you still go to bed and just lie there with your eyes wide open？”介绍了失眠的问题，可知这里是：这是一直存在的问题，故选C。
2．A 解析：根据上文的句子“if you’re nervous about taking a test, or upset about being teased at school, it can really help to tell somebody.”可知这里是：知道有人听见了你的话，可以帮助你放松思想，这样就可以休息了。故选A。
3.E 解析：根据下文的句子“If there’s anything about your room that makes you feel uneasy or anxious at night，”可知这里是介绍睡觉的房间：在安静的凉爽的房间睡在舒服的床上是理想的。故选E。
4．G 解析：根据上文的句子“Taking a warm bath, or listening to a bedtime story at least 30 minutes before bed may help you relax.”可知这里是：这样你的身体就得到信号：你需要休息了。故选G。
5．D 解析：根据上文的句子“it’s important that you understand what exactly is keeping you up at night.”可知这里是：花时间认真考虑这个问题。故选D。
短文改错
Dear manager，
I am Li Ming. I visit Huangshan yesterday. I am writing to draw your attention for an impolite behavior: dropping garbage. It serious pollutes the environment and increases the risk of cleaning workers’ being injured, because of they have to pick up the garbage in the mountain. What’s more, it is damaging the image of them Chinese, because as a world-famous tourist attraction, it attracts many foreigner every day. I wonder whether your department could give a environmentally friendly garbage bag to every tourist at the entrance. At same time, tourists should be encouraged to raising environmental protection awareness and national pride. I believe that, with our efforts, our tourist attraction will become better and best.
Yours，
Li Ming
答案：
Dear manager，
I am Li Ming. I Huangshan yesterday. I am writing to draw your attention an impolite behavior: dropping garbage. It pollutes the environment and increases the risk of cleaning workers’ being injured, because they have to pick up the garbage in the mountain. What’s more, it is damaging the image of Chinese, because as a world-famous tourist attraction, it attracts many every day. I wonder whether your department could give environmentally friendly garbage bag to every tourist at the entrance. At same time, tourists should be encouraged to environmental protection awareness and national pride. I believe that, with our efforts, our tourist attraction will become better and .
Yours，
Li Ming
课件65张PPT。Unit 1 The world of our sensesconfusedconfusingconfusingconfusionConfused with the present situationflyingto followatglanced atglared atstare atlook atnowhere nearnowherenowhere in the worldApproachingto As Teachers’ Day was approachingWith Teachers’ Day approachingAs Teachers’ Day was drawing nearhesitationplease don’t hesitate to contact meaboutthatanxiousanxietyAnxiouslyToof To our reliefIt’s a relief for us to hearout of sightatof lose sight ofcaught sight ofAt the sight ofout of sightto maketo comeknewwish you a Happy New Yearhad seizedwould havereached outout of/beyond my reachwithin the reach ofoverbackpaid offall my efforts paid offIf socrossinginviteddoneWherever/No matter wherewheneverWhoever/No matter whowhoeverlockedlivingto understand本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．They asked so many questions that they ____________(使迷惑)me.
答案：confused
2．They tried to ____________(预测) the result of the football match.
答案：forecast
3．Please do not ____________(犹豫) to contact me if you have any questions.
答案：hesitate
4．There are plenty of graduates ____________(急切的) for work.
答案：anxious
5．Your ____________(方法) to teaching differs nothing from hers.
答案：approach
6．In the ____________(黑暗) he knocked against something.
答案：darkness
7．You must ____________(抓住) this opportunity.
答案：grasp
8．They did not ____________(注意到) Mary come in and go upstairs.
答案：observe
9．The tables are ____________(牢牢地) fixed to the floor.
答案：firmly
10．I am really very ____________(感激的) to you for your advice.
答案：grateful
单句改错
1．—What do you think of her speech last night?
—Just so-so.She gave us too much information, so that everyone got confusing. ____________________
答案：confusing→confused
2．She observed a man walked on the opposite side of the road. ____________________
答案：walked→walking
3．If we can be of any assistance, please don’t hesitate telling us. ____________________
答案：telling→to tell
4．The mother was standing at the gate, anxiously to see her son. ____________________
答案：anxiously→anxious
5．Mary made it clear to her husband that she wished traveling to Europe. ____________________
答案：traveling→to travel
完成句子
1．大部分孩子对这部电影的结尾仍感到困惑不解。
The ending of the film still ______________________．
＝Most of the children are still ______________________ of the film.
＝The ending of the film still makes ______________________．
答案：confuses most of the children；confused about the ending；most of the children confused
2．警方注意到那个男子进入了银行。
The police observed the man ________________．
＝The man was observed ________________ by the police.
答案：enter the bank；to enter the bank
3．正如所预料的一样， 她毫不犹豫地接受了这份工作。
As was expected, she had no __________________________．
答案：hesitation in accepting the job
4．父母为儿女的前途操心是人之常情。
It’s natural for parents __________________ their children’s future.
答案：to be anxious about
5．我希望自己英语讲得跟他一样好。
I ________________________ as well as he can.
答案：wish I could speak English
课文语法填空
On a 1.____________(fog) afternoon, 2.____________(wonder) whether the buses would still be running, I left work 3.____________(early) than usual.Once out in the street, I hurried towards my usual bus stop, only 4.____________(tell) the bus could not run 5.____________ far as King Street that day.I had to take the Underground to Green Park station, 6.____________ there was no one in sight.As I walked along the narrow street, I heard footsteps 7.____________(approach), but when I glanced around, I found the footsteps gone.Suddenly I 8.____________(fright) by a man’s rough hand brushing my cheek.He said sorry to me and moved away.Then I heard the footsteps again.I felt so frightened 9.____________ I couldn’t move at all.Luckily, it was a blind man who offered to help me, and with his help I got to my 10.____________(live) place, 86 King Street.
答案：1.foggy 2.wondering 3.earlier 4.to be told
5．as 6.where 7.approaching 8.was frightened 9.that
10．living
A卷 [学生用书P81(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．He stood up as if ____________(say) something.
答案：to say
2．In the morning people woke up and found the world outside their houses completely ____________(change)．
答案：changed
3．Remember you are a Chinese ____________ you go.
答案：wherever
4．Watch out ____________ anybody trying to come in this way.
答案：for
5．I wish that I ____________(know) something about programming.
答案：knew
6．The instructions on the box are very ____________(confuse)．
答案：confusing
7．He observed a stranger ____________(hang) around the store.
答案：hanging
8．She glanced ____________ the sleeping child and then hurried away.
答案：at
9．He took a very scientific approach ____________ management.
答案：to
10．We have no hesitation in ____________(accept) your most generous offer.
答案：accepting
阅读理解
If anyone who has ridden a horse for any length of time told you they have never felt any fear, they would be dishonest. You may prefer to call it “respect” instead of fear, but it’s always a fact that the 1，000-pound or so animal you are sitting on is, physically, more powerful than you are.
A bad experience, usually something that cannot be avoided no matter what the rider does, can turn healthy respect to fear. Once a rider has been physically hurt, it will take him/her a while to rebuild confidence. The old idea promised that if you just got right back on again, everything would be fine. However, suppressing(抑制) fear seldom works. Besides, suppressing fear doesn’t help to tell the rider to “just get over it”．
Fear is usually related to the rider’s skill level. The best way to overcome riding fears is to work on developing good riding skills. Having good riding skills gives the rider the confidence that he or she has the ability to ride a horse and to deal with anything the horse might do. Riders also need to develop habits that allow them to stay mentally and emotionally calm in a relaxed way when their horse becomes excited or frightened. Their partners also have to keep calm in order to bring the other back to that state.
It is hard to get past your fear when you work by yourself. Finding an experienced instructor who knows your confidence crisis(危机) is important. You need someone who understands how to back up and find the point where you are comfortably riding. Having the right horse can also be important when you are learning to ride horse and trying to rebuild confidence. We are fortunate here at Meredith Manor to have 130 to 150 horses to choose from when our instructors sit down to make weekly horse assignment(分配) for each learner.
【解题导语】 学骑马的时候心里害怕很正常，作者在本文提供了几点建议来帮助骑马者克服这种情绪。
1．What does the author want to show in Paragraph 1?
A．Horses are really powerful.
B．Some horse riders can be dishonest.
C．It’s common for horse riders to fear.
D．Horse riders should respect their horses.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，本段主要是在阐释：每个骑过马的人都曾感到过害怕，这是很普遍的事情。
2．According to the old idea, after a bad horse riding experience, we should ________．
A．try horse riding again at once
B．tell ourselves to just get over it
C．turn our fears into healthy respect
D．avoid riding a horse for some time
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的The old idea promised that if you just got right back on again, everything would be fine.可知，老观点认为，一次失败的经历之后，我们可以通过立即再次尝试来克服恐惧。
3．What does the author think is the best way to overcome riding fears?
A．Improving our horse riding skills.
B．Learning to stay calm in an accident.
C．Finding the point of comfortably riding.
D．Seeking help from an experienced partner.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的The best way to overcome riding fears is to work on developing good riding skills.可知，作者认为克服骑马恐惧最好的方法是提升骑马的技巧。
完形填空
About a year back, I got off the train and was waiting for my ride to pick me up.Suddenly I felt a strong desire to __1__ a poem.I looked around and found a pen, but no __2__．There was not __3__ a sheet of paper at hand.
So I sat down __4__ on a step of a building.Then I looked around a little more.It __5__ that in my old wallet I had a __6__．I looked at it a little more carefully；it became clear that there was __7__ room for me to write on the dollar.But I could write something.
So I took my pen and wrote something like this，“This is a very __8__ dollar—given to you with love.Do not keep it.Do not __9__ it.Pass it on.Give it to someone else with love, and watch it __10__．”
I then decorated the bill with __11__， trying to fill it with as many good feelings as I possibly could.
Sitting near me was a woman who was also waiting for a __12__．She seemed a bit __13__．I walked up to her and said, “This is for you；I hope everything __14__ well.” And I gave the bill to the woman.
__15__ to be given a dollar with hearts, she took a second look and read it.All of a sudden there was a(n)__16__ on her face and she stood up and gave me a big __17__ and thanked me.I was sure she was not anxious any more.
I realized that if this was the reaction from just one __18__， then this wave of warmth would probably continue on without __19__．
My ride came, and we drove off.Somehow, __20__ , I felt that was not the end of the story.
1．A.print B．write
C．copy D．find
B 解析：由下文I looked around and found a pen...可知， 作者有写(write)诗的愿望和灵感。
2．A.place B．seat
C．person D．paper
D 解析：由下文．..a sheet of paper at hand可知作者找到了笔， 但是没有找到纸(paper)。
3．A.even B．yet
C．still D．nearly
A 解析：此处用even表示强调， 此时作者手头甚至连一张纸也没有。
4．A.sadly B．comfortably
C．disappointedly D．happily
C 解析：作者很想写诗但是找不到纸， 所以作者有些失望地(disappointedly)坐下来。
5．A.made out B．turned out
C．found out D．went out
B 解析：后来证明(turned out)作者钱包里有一张一美元的钞票。
6．A.bill B．pen
C．book D．key
A 解析：由下文I then decorated the bill...可知， 作者发现钱包里有一张一美元的钞票(bill)。
7．A.dark B．large
C．little D．clean
C 解析：钞票上没有多少(little)空间可以写东西。
8．A.new B．strange
C．lively D．special
D 解析：由下文作者在这张钞票上写的内容可知这是一张特别的(special)钞票。
9．A.spend B．touch
C．search D．miss
A 解析：由下文Pass it on.Give it to someone else with love, and watch it...可知不要花(spend)这张钞票。
10．A.grow B．spread
C．work D．disappear
B 解析：看着这张钞票进行爱心传递(spread)。
11．A.diamonds B．gifts
C．hats D．hearts
D 解析：由下文．..given a dollar with hearts...可推知作者在钞票上画满了 “心” (hearts)的图案。
12．A.bus B．chance
C．ride D．change
C 解析：由文中第一句话About a year back, I got off the train and was waiting for my ride to pick me up.可知， 此处选ride。
13．A.active B．anxious
C．sleepy D．angry
B 解析：由下文I was sure she was not anxious any more.可知，此处选择anxious。
14．A.goes B．starts
C．behaves D．looks
A 解析：everything goes well为固定搭配， 表示 “一切顺利” 的意思。
15．A.Satisfied B．Interested
C．Excited D．Surprised
D 解析：突然收到陌生人送来的爱心钞票， 女人会感到惊讶。
16．A.point B．smile
C．tear D．expression
B 解析：看了作者写在钞票上的话， 那个女人笑(smile)了一下。
17．A.note B．flower
C．hug D．present
C 解析：她站起来抱(hug)了作者一下， 然后感谢作者。
18．A.stranger B．visitor
C．waiter D．passer-by
A 解析：作者从一位陌生人(stranger)那里的反应推知， 爱心是可以传递的， 且效果非常明显。
19．A.money B．humor
C．limit D．exception
C 解析：without limit意为 “没有限制地”， 作者的意思为：这种温暖的涟漪会无限地延续下去。
20．A.instead B．besides
C．therefore D．though
D 解析：作者已经走了但是(though)作者感觉这不是故事的结尾。作者的意思是爱心会一直传递下去。
B卷 [学生用书P83(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
I’d been thinking of taking a course on scuba-diving(水肺潜水) for months, but wasn’t sure because I was afraid of snakes—sea snakes. Just thinking about it made me sick.
But then, I wanted to know why people loved it so much. They all said that under the sea was like a totally different world, yet a beautiful one. And because of that, I decided to take the risk and try to face my fear.
So, after taking a private course from my diving instructor, Mbak Vita, I went to Sepa Island with her, to take the final exam.
First dive, 12 meters in depth. “What am I doing？” I asked myself. “What if something bad happened？” I tried hard not to panic and told myself to keep a good thought, “It’s gonna be a wonderful experience. Just do it！” Then I went down. My heart beat fast and my ears hurt as I went deeper. I followed Vita’s instructions closely until I felt comfortable to explore the sea.
Suddenly all around me was green. It felt like I was living in a green world! I saw some corals(珊瑚), big ones, and lots of beautiful fish hiding in the sand.
I was enjoying the beauty all around me when my instructor waved at me with her hand holding a pink flipper(橡胶蹼). “That flipper looks familiar，” I thought. Yes! That was my flipper! I didn’t realize that my right flipper had managed to get away from my right foot!
So, that was the first dive. In total, we dove 5 times in 2 days. We managed to dive up to 18 meters in depth. The next dives were smooth and for sure I didn’t lose my flipper! I was so happy to see different types of fish swimming in front of me as if I was invisible(不可见的)．It was indeed so beautiful and peaceful down there. Now I can see why people love diving under the sea.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要讲述了自己第一次下海潜水的经历。
1．How did the author feel about learning scuba-diving at first?
A．Uncertain. B．Excited.
C．Comfortable. D．Disappointed.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的I’d been thinking...wasn’t sure because I was afraid of snakes可知，作者怕蛇，因此对是否参加潜水课程犹豫不定。
2．What does the underlined word “panic” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Feel tired and sleepy.
B．Keep cool and relaxed.
C．Keep quiet and patient.
D．Feel nervous and worried.
D 解析：词义猜测题。由画线词前面作者问自己的问题What am I doing？和What if something bad happened？以及下文中的keep a good thought...Just do it可知，作者内心紧张、担忧，但努力克服这种感觉，给自己加油打气。
3．What happened during the author’s first dive?
A．She saw a sea snake.
B．A flipper fell off her foot.
C．The sea water turned green.
D．She lost her instructor in the sea.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的First dive, 12 meters in depth.以及倒数第二段中的my right flipper had managed to get away from my right foot可知，作者第一次在海底潜水时，右脚穿的橡胶蹼脱落了。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．A Pleasant Trip to the Beach
B．My First Experience with Scuba-diving
C．Why a Person Starts Scuba-diving
D．How Scuba-diving Affects My Life
B 解析：标题归纳题。作者在文章开头两段介绍了学习潜水的原因：想知道为什么许多人喜爱潜水，为海底世界所痴迷。接下来主要讲述了作者参加完潜水课程，进行第一次实地潜水的经历。因此，B项作标题最能概括文章内容。
B
Certain countries have taken strict action on smoking by completely banning it. However, people across the world still do not take it seriously. Around the world, about 10 million cigarettes are bought in a minute, 15 billion are sold each day, and over 5，000 billion are produced and used per year.
If people out on the streets or in front of supermarkets smoke openly, others passing by these smokers will breathe the smoke unwillingly, which can increase their risks of getting health problems unfortunately. In fact, one little cigarette contains about 7，000 chemicals, 69 of which have been proven to cause cancers. Cigarette smoke without doubt does no good to humans. Worldwide tobacco(烟草) causes 6 million deaths per year, and that means there is one death every 5 seconds.
Cigarettes are made from tobacco leaves. They originally take in all the carbon from the air as they grow. When you smoke them, you’re just returning the carbon to the air. Thus, cigarettes increase the detrimental chemicals in the air that finally damage the quality of the air. To tell the truth, the air pollution caused by cigarettes is 10 times greater than that by cars.
I have already made sure that smoking pollutes the air, but unfortunately, the damage to the environment does not stop there. It’s estimated that 1.69 billion pounds of cigarette butts(烟头) become rubbish each year. The rubbish can almost be found everywhere, which is the most ignored problem of the cigarettes. About 2 million of these cigarette butts are found in water, which results in the death of some animals. The cigarette butts that are thrown away carelessly can be dangerous to animals both on land and in the water.
The only measure that we can take to improve this situation is to stop smoking and more importantly, to stop littering(乱扔) cigarette butts. Take care of yourself and take care of the environment by putting a stop to smoking.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者主要论述了吸烟对身体及环境的危害并呼吁人们戒烟。
5．What does the author want to show by mentioning the numbers in the first paragraph?
A．Smoking is not easy to ban.
B．Cigarettes are sold well worldwide.
C．People spend too much on smoking each year.
D．Many people haven’t realized the necessity of stopping smoking.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Certain countries have taken strict action on smoking by completely banning it. However, people across the world still do not take it seriously.可知，作者在此段用数字论述主要是为了表明：很多人还没有意识到戒烟的必要性。
6．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The chemicals included in cigarettes.
B．The health problems caused by smoking.
C．The importance of avoiding smoking passively.
D．The negative effects of smoking on human health.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，本段主要讲的是无论是被动吸烟还是主动吸烟，都会对人的身体造成不利影响。
7．What does the underlined word “detrimental” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Rare. B．Harmful.
C．Major. D．Different.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词后的that finally damage the quality of the air可知，香烟会使空气中“有害的”化学物质增加，这些化学物质最终会破坏空气质量。
8．The most unnoticed problem about cigarettes is that cigarette butts ________．
A．pollute the water
B．cause too much rubbish
C．are dropped everywhere
D．lead to many animals’ death
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的The rubbish can almost be found everywhere, which is the most ignored problem of the cigarettes.可知，每年的烟头垃圾很多，而这些垃圾被乱扔是香烟问题中最容易被忽视的。
七选五
It happens every night—bedtime. But what if you’re not sleepy? Should you still go to bed and just lie there with your eyes wide open? 1.________ But don’t worry. Here are some steps you can take to help you fall asleep.
One thing that can help is talking to a parent about what you’re thinking about at bedtime. For example, if you’re nervous about taking a test, or upset about being teased at school, it can really help to tell somebody. 2.________
3．________ If there’s anything about your room that makes you feel uneasy or anxious at night, like a picture that looks strange in the dark, or a leaking bathroom tap, ask your parent to move or fix it. Make sure electronics are kept away from your bed as their lights and noise can make it harder for you to fall asleep.
If you’re often nervous around bedtime, doing certain things to calm yourself may help you fall asleep. Taking a warm bath, or listening to a bedtime story at least 30 minutes before bed may help you relax. It also helps to follow a bedtime routine and go to sleep at the same time every night. 4.________
In order to find the right solution for you, it’s important that you understand what exactly is keeping you up at night. 5.________ Your body will thank you for the effort.
A．Knowing that somebody has heard you can help ease your mind so that you can rest.
B．Calming music played at a low volume can help the stress flow out of your body.
C．It’s a problem that has been around as long as there have been people trying to sleep.
D．Take the time to think about the problem carefully.
E．Sleeping in a comfortable bed in a quiet and cool room is ideal.
F．But what works for others may not necessarily work for you.
G．In this way, your body will get the message that it’s almost time to sleep.
【解题导语】 很多人都有失眠的问题，文章介绍一些方法可以让你很快入睡。
1．C 解析：根据上文的句子“Should you still go to bed and just lie there with your eyes wide open？”介绍了失眠的问题，可知这里是：这是一直存在的问题，故选C。
2．A 解析：根据上文的句子“if you’re nervous about taking a test, or upset about being teased at school, it can really help to tell somebody.”可知这里是：知道有人听见了你的话，可以帮助你放松思想，这样就可以休息了。故选A。
3.E 解析：根据下文的句子“If there’s anything about your room that makes you feel uneasy or anxious at night，”可知这里是介绍睡觉的房间：在安静的凉爽的房间睡在舒服的床上是理想的。故选E。
4．G 解析：根据上文的句子“Taking a warm bath, or listening to a bedtime story at least 30 minutes before bed may help you relax.”可知这里是：这样你的身体就得到信号：你需要休息了。故选G。
5．D 解析：根据上文的句子“it’s important that you understand what exactly is keeping you up at night.”可知这里是：花时间认真考虑这个问题。故选D。
短文改错
Dear manager，
I am Li Ming. I visit Huangshan yesterday. I am writing to draw your attention for an impolite behavior: dropping garbage. It serious pollutes the environment and increases the risk of cleaning workers’ being injured, because of they have to pick up the garbage in the mountain. What’s more, it is damaging the image of them Chinese, because as a world-famous tourist attraction, it attracts many foreigner every day. I wonder whether your department could give a environmentally friendly garbage bag to every tourist at the entrance. At same time, tourists should be encouraged to raising environmental protection awareness and national pride. I believe that, with our efforts, our tourist attraction will become better and best.
Yours，
Li Ming
答案：
Dear manager，
I am Li Ming. I Huangshan yesterday. I am writing to draw your attention an impolite behavior: dropping garbage. It pollutes the environment and increases the risk of cleaning workers’ being injured, because they have to pick up the garbage in the mountain. What’s more, it is damaging the image of Chinese, because as a world-famous tourist attraction, it attracts many every day. I wonder whether your department could give environmentally friendly garbage bag to every tourist at the entrance. At same time, tourists should be encouraged to environmental protection awareness and national pride. I believe that, with our efforts, our tourist attraction will become better and .
Yours，
Li Ming
Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & Project
1．attach vt. 使连在一起， 把……附在……上； 认为……重要
2．whisper vi.& vt. 小声说； 私下说
3．panic vi.& n. 惊慌， 恐慌
4．loose adj. 松动的， 松开的； 宽松的
vt. 松开， 释放
5．distance n．距离；远处→distant adj.遥远的；远房的；冷漠的
6．suit n．套装 vt.适合， 满足需要→suitable adj.适宜的；合适的
7．contrary adj.相反的 n．相反的事实或情况→contradict vt.反驳；与……矛盾
8．attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.有吸引力的；有魅力的→attraction n．吸引；吸引力；有吸引力的人或事物
9．calm adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的vt.& vi.使平静， 镇静→calmly adv. 平静地；安静地
10．employ vt.使用； 雇佣→employee n．雇员→employer n．雇主
1．contrary_to 和……相反
2．keep_calm 保持冷静
3．mistake...for... 把……误认为……
4．result_in 导致
5．roll_up 卷起来
6．get_lost 迷路
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE about sharks？
A．Among the 400 different types of sharks, only about 40 types attack human beings.
B．The most fierce sharks are the tiger shark and the bull shark.
C．The chance of being attacked by sharks is rather small compared to other dangers.
2．Which of the following ways can help you out of the attacks from sharks?
A．No swimming in the dark, especially alone at night.
B．The fewer people, the fewer chances to attract sharks.
C．Colorful or shining wears.
3．________is the way to save you out of a shark attack.
A．To keep still, not to stir or make the shark angry
B．To pull aside the shark’s jaws to pull yourself out of its mouth
C．To hit the shark on the nose
4．We can conclude from the passage that________.
A．people’s scares to sharks mainly come from the movie Jaws
B．many people die of drowning and lightning
C．knowing the ways sharks attack people and the ways to save oneself can prevent the attacks totally
答案：1－4.CACB
Shark①attacks
There are nearly 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types are known to② have attacked③ human beings④. Many people know that the most dangerous shark is the great white shark, probably because they have seen the film Jaws⑤. However⑥， two other⑦ sharks are also rather dangerous: the tiger shark and the bull⑧ shark.
Contrary⑨ to what many people might assumeB10, evidence? shows that sharks seldom attack humans. There are three types of shark attacks. In the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for? a fish, but when it tastes human flesh? it decides to give up? and swims away. In the second type, the shark pushes you with its nose to find out if you are fit to be eaten? , and then bites you if it thinks you are?. In the third type, the shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you suddenly. The last two types of attack more often result in? the death of humans.
①shark[?ɑ?k]n.鲨鱼
②are known to ...可转换为It is known that...句式。
③attack vt.袭击，攻击；抨击；非难；侵袭，损害
④human being人类
⑤jaw[d???]n.颌
because...Jaws是because引导的原因状语从句。
⑥however adv.然而，可是
⑦two other 另外两个，other与数词连用时，应放在数词的后面；而another与数词连用时，应放在数词的前面。
⑧bull[b?l]n.公牛
⑨contrary['k?ntr?rI]adj.相反的n.相反的事实或情况
contrary to与……相反
assume vt.假定，设想
what引导名词性从句，作介词to的宾语。
?evidence n．证据，证明；迹象
?mistake...for...把……误认为……
?flesh[fle?]n.(动物或人的)肉 ?give up放弃
?if you...是宾语从句。 to be eaten是动词不定式的被动形式。
?if it thinks you are是条件状语从句。
?result in导致，结果是 result from起因于
鲨鱼攻击
(世界上)有将近400种不同种类的鲨鱼，但我们知道只有约30种鲨鱼攻击过人类。许多人知道最危险的鲨鱼是大白鲨，也许是因为他们看过电影《大白鲨》吧。然而，另外两种鲨鱼也相当危险：虎鲨和牛鲨。
与许多人所想的相反，证据表明鲨鱼很少攻击人类。鲨鱼攻击人类的情形有三种。在主要的情形中，鲨鱼攻击你是因为它把你错当成了一条鱼，但当它尝出人肉的味道时，就会决定放弃并游开。在第二种情形中，鲨鱼会用鼻子推搡你，以弄清你是否适合被食用，如果它觉得适合，便会咬你。而在第三种情形中，鲨鱼会等待你游过来，然后突然攻击你。后两种攻击方式对人类来说更可能致命。
To reduce the risk? of a shark attack, you should follow? these suggestions?.
?Do not swim in the dark. Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them.
?Do not go swimming in the ocean if you have a fresh( wound(. Sharks can smell blood over a long distance(.
?Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery(, because sharks are attracted( to the flash of colours and bright objects.
?Stay in groups, as sharks usually avoid( large numbers of( people(.
Recently, shark attacks have been increasing as water sports are becoming more popular(. If a shark attacks you, follow the advice( below.
?Keep calm(. Do not panic(.
?Hit the shark on the nose( with your fist(.
?Stick your finger in the shark’s eye.
Don’t be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely( to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.,?risk n．风险，危险 ?follow vt.遵循
?suggestion n．建议(为可数名词)
fresh adj.新鲜的；清新的，凉爽的
wound n．伤口，创伤vt.使受伤if you have a fresh wound是if引导的条件状语从句。
distance n．距离
jewellery['d?u??lrI]n.珠宝 jewel n．[C]珠宝
attract[?'tr?kt]vt.吸引
avoid vt.避开，避免 avoid后接v.-ing, 不接to do。
large numbers of大量的，许多
a (large)number of与(large)numbers of仅修饰可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
as sharks...people是as引导的原因状语从句。
popular adj.受欢迎的，流行的，通俗的
as water...popular是as引导的时间状语从句。
advice n．建议(为不可数名词)
calm[kɑ?m]adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的vt.&vi.使平静，镇静
panic['p?nIk]vi.&n.惊慌，恐慌
hit sb. on/in the＋身体部位，the不可以换成one’s。
fist[fIst]n.拳头
likely['laIklI]adj.可能的
为了降低被鲨鱼攻击的风险，你应该遵循这些建议：
?不要在黑暗中游泳。鲨鱼仍然能看得见你，而你却看不见它们。
?如果你有刚受伤的伤口，不要在海洋中游泳。鲨鱼在很远处便能嗅到血腥味。
?不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰，因为鲨鱼会被颜色或明亮物体的闪光吸引。
?集体行动，因为鲨鱼通常会避开人群。
最近，随着水上运动更加普及，鲨鱼攻击事件也在持续增多。如果鲨鱼攻击你，遵循以下建议：
?保持镇静。别惊慌失措。
?用你的拳头击打鲨鱼的鼻子。
?用你的手指戳鲨鱼的眼睛。
不要被鲨鱼吓倒：你有可能被闪电击中的几率要比被鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。
The wonderful world of pigeons①
It is night. All is quiet. The soldiers② are asleep while a guard watches for③ the enemy④ . There is a flash, and the sound of guns! They are being attacked! Hundreds of enemy soldiers rush towards them⑤. They are all going to be killed unless they get help⑥. What should they do?
An officer writes a short message quickly on a small piece of paper：‘Being attacked! Hurry！’
He rolls up⑦ the paper and puts it into⑧ a small case, and then reaches into⑨ a cage and gets a bird. Attaching the message toB10its leg, he sets the bird loose?. It immediately? flies into the air and disappears in the dark.
Will the bird arrive in time?？ Will they be saved?
①pigeon['pId?In]n.鸽子 ②soldier['s??ld??(r)]n.士兵
③watch for守候，注意
④while引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时”。
⑤rush to/towards sb.向某人冲去
⑥unless they get help是unless引导的条件状语从句，unless意为“除非”。
⑦roll up卷起来 roll[r??l]vi.&vt.卷起来；(使)滚动
⑧put...into...把……装入……
⑨reach into将手伸进……
⑩attach...to...把……系在/附在……上
?loose[lu?s]adj.松动的，松开的；宽松的vt.松开，释放
?immediately adv.立即conj.一……就……
?in time及时 on time按时
鸽子的奇妙世界
万籁俱寂的夜晚。除了一名哨兵在站岗放哨，所有士兵都在梦乡。突然一道闪光，枪声四起！他们遭到攻击了！数百名敌军士兵冲向了他们。除非获得救援，否则他们全都会被杀死。他们该怎么办呢？
一名军官飞快地在一张小纸片上写道：“受袭！速援！”
他把纸片卷起来，放进一个小盒子里，然后伸手探入一个笼子，捉出一只鸟来。他将信系在它的腿上后，便松开了鸟儿。它立刻飞向天空，消失在黑暗中。
这只鸟会及时到达吗？他们会得救吗？
Though it may seem hard to believe, the bird the officer uses is the same bird often seen in public parks?—the pigeon. Pigeons have a wonderful sense of direction? and can find their way home over long distances. Indeed?， pigeons have been known to fly home from as far away as 1，800 kilometres. That is why pigeons have been used since ancient times? to carry the news or even the mail?. However, it was in war that they found their greatest use?. During both World War Ⅰ and Ⅱ， pigeons were employed? by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories(.
How do pigeons find their way? Pigeons appear to have a compass( inside them that tells them which way is north(. How this compass works( remains( a mystery. Of course, since a compass alone is not enough to find( one’s way, they also appear to use their sight and even their sense of smell to tell( them which way they should go(. Unlike( humans, they never get lost( and can always find their way home.
?though 引导让步状语从句；the officer uses is the...parks是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰bird；seen in public parks是过去分词短语作后置定语。
?a sense of direction方向感
?indeed adv.的确；确实 ?ancient times古代，上古时代
?why引导表语从句，注意：在That is why...句型中why后接结果。
?it was in war that they found their...是强调句型。
?employ[Im'pl?I]vt.使用；雇佣
saving...soldiers与helping...victories是现在分词短语作结果状语。
compass['k?mp?s]n.罗盘；指南针
that...north是that引导的定语从句，修饰a compass; which way is north是which引导的宾语从句。
How this compass works是how引导的主语从句。
remain link-v.仍然是，保持不变
be (not) enough to do sth. (不)足够做某事
tell vt.分辨出；辨别
which way they should go是which引导的宾语从句。
unlike[??n'laIk]prep.不像；与……不同
get lost迷路
虽然这似乎令人难以置信，但是那名军官所用的鸟儿和我们常在公园里看到的一种鸟是相同的——鸽子。鸽子有着极强的方向感，能从很远的地方找到回家的路。确实，据知鸽子能飞行远达1 800千米回到家。这就是鸽子自古以来就被用于携带消息甚至邮件的原因。然而，它们的最大用途却是在战争中被发现的。在第一、二世界大战中，鸽子被军方用来和前线往返传递信息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。
鸽子是怎么认路的呢？鸽子体内似乎有一只罗盘，告诉它们何处是北。这个罗盘是如何工作的仍然是个谜。当然，由于仅靠一只罗盘还不足以认路，它们似乎也使用视觉及至嗅觉去辨明应该走哪条路。和人类不同，它们从不迷路，总是能找到回家的路。
distance n．距离；远处；冷淡， 疏远
(教材P12)In the distance I could hear thunder and see lightning coming. 我能听到远处的雷声以及看见闪电。
(1)in the distance 在远处/方
at a distance (of...) 在(……)远处
from a distance (of...) 从(……)远处
keep a/one’s distance from 与……保持距离
within walking distance 几步之遥
(2)distant adj. 遥远的；远处的
①Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant.
别急——从这儿到餐馆只有短短的距离而已。
②His house is within walking distance of the school.
他家离学校只有几步路。
③She was warned to keep her distance from Charles if she didn’t want to get hurt.
有人告诫她说， 如果不想受到伤害， 就离查尔斯远一点。
④The painting looks better at a distance.
这幅画隔一段距离看起来更好。
⑤What an amazing place London was to me when I saw it in the distance.
我从远处望着伦敦， 觉得它真是一个令人惊奇的地方。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)鲨鱼从半公里外的距离就能闻到血腥味。
A shark can smell blood at_a_distance_of_half_a_kilometer．
(2)你没必要乘出租车去火车站，因为只有几步之遥。
You needn’t go to the railway station by taxi because it is within_walking_distance．
suit n．套装 vt.适合， 满足需要
(教材P15)It was a man in a metal suit.
那是一位穿着金属套装的男士。
(1)suit...to... 使……适合
be suited to/for... 适合……
It suits sb.to do... 适合某人做……
(2)suitable adj. 适合的； 适宜的
be suitable for... 适合于……
be suitable to do... 适宜做……
①I was stopped by an old man in a blue suit.
一位身穿蓝色衣服的老人拦住了我。
②To students, you’d better choose the activities which interest you and suit you.
对学生来说， 你最好选择那些你感兴趣并适合你的活动。
③Nowadays the water on the earth which is suitable(suit) to drink is becoming less and less.
目前地球上可饮用的水越来越少。
suit
多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、场合等
match
多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配
fit
多指大小、形状的合适
[巧学活用]——用上述词语的适当形式填空
(1)She matched the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.
(2)—How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
—That suits me fine.
(3)The coat doesn’t fit me. Would you please change it for a bigger one?
attach vt.使连在一起；把……附在……上；认为……重要
(教材P16)During the operation, Mr Liu had a new hand attached. 在手术中， 刘先生被接上了一只新手。
(1)attach sth.to... 把……附在/固定在……上
attach oneself to... 依附于……
attach importance/significance to...
重视……
(2)attached adj. 依附的， 依恋的
be attached to 附属于……； 依恋/爱慕……
(3)attachment n. 附属物；爱慕
①Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
申请表上请贴一张近照。
②They have attached a number of conditions to the agreement.
他们在协议上附加了许多条件。
③This research center is attached to Tsinghua University.这家研究中心是附属于清华大学的。
④My parents always attach_great_importance_to my getting a good education.
我父母总是重视让我得到好的教育。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
他如此迷恋网络游戏以至于他经常旷课。
(1)He is so_attached_to_the_network_games_that he is often absent from class.
(2)So_attached_to_the_network_games，he is often absent from class.(过去分词短语作状语)
(3)Attaching_himself_to_the_network_games_so_much，he is often absent from class.(现在分词短语作状语)
whisper vt.& vi.小声说， 私下说 n．[C]耳语
(教材P17)‘My goodness，’ Sandy whispered, as she stepped back.
“天啊，” 桑迪边后退边低语。
(1)whisper (sth.) to sb. 对某人小声说(某事)
whisper about sb./sth. 密谈某人/某事
whisper (to sb.) that... (对某人)小声说……
It is whispered that... 有人私下说……
(2)in a whisper/in whispers 低声说
①He is whispering to his neighbour.
他在对邻座的人耳语。
②I could hear everyone whispering(whisper), “Who in our school could draw that well? ”
我能听到所有人都小声说， “我们学校谁能够画得那么好？ ”
③I heard a whisper that he had been admitted to a university.
我听说他已考入了大学。
④They are talking in a whisper in order not to wake up the sleeping baby.
他们低声交谈以免吵醒正在熟睡的小孩。
whisper后面不能接双宾语， 应该用whisper sth.to sb.或whisper to sb.sth.。
[巧学活用]——单句改错
(1)In order not to be heard by the people around us, I whispered him that I was leaving.whispered后加to
(2)They sat at the back of the room, talking whispers.talking后加in
contrary adj.相反的 n．相反的事实或情况
(教材P18)Contrary to what many people might assume, evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans.
与许多人所想的相反， 证据表明鲨鱼很少攻击人类。
(1)be contrary to 与……相反
(2)on the contrary 反之， 正相反
to the contrary 相反地
①Such an attitude is of course totally contrary to reason.这种态度当然是完全违背理智的。
②It wasn’t a good thing; on_the_contrary it was a huge mistake.
那不是件好事， 恰恰相反， 是个巨大的错误。
③Unless there’s evidence to_the_contrary,_we ought to believe him.
除非有反证， 否则我们应该相信他们。
calm adj.镇静的， 沉着的， 平静的
vt.& vi.(使)平静， (使)镇静
(教材P18)Keep calm. 保持镇静。
(1)calm (sb.) down (使某人)平静下来；
镇静下来
(2)stay/keep/be calm 保持镇静
(3)calmly adv. 镇定地；平静地
①It was difficult to calm her down，as she was too excited.
要使她镇静下来是很困难的， 因为她太激动了。
②He kept calm(calmly) in face of great danger, which surprised us all.
面对巨大危险， 他还能保持镇静， 这使我们都非常吃惊。
③One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension.
有时森林里非常平静， 接下来， 空气中充满了紧张的气氛。
calm
“平静的， 沉着的”， 指无风浪或人的心情不激动
quiet
“宁静的， 安静的”， 指没有声音， 不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑
silent
“寂静的， 沉默的， 不发音的”， 指没有声音或不讲话
still
“静止的， 不动的”， 指没有运动或动作的状态
[巧学活用]——选用上述单词完成小片段
When facing danger, one should keep (1)calm；when taken photos, one should keep (2)still；when someone else is asleep, one should keep (3)quiet；in class, one shouldn’t keep(4)silent about the teacher’s questions.
employ vt.使用；雇佣
(教材P19)During both World War Ⅰ and Ⅱ， pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.
在第一、二次世界大战中， 鸽子被军方用来和前线往返传递信息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。
(1)be employed in... 忙于……
employ oneself (in) doing sth.
从事于或忙于某事
employ...as... 把……用作……
employ sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2)employment n. 雇佣， 就业
unemployment n. 失业
employee n. 雇工， 雇员
employer n. 雇主
①The company employs 2，000 people worldwide.
这家公司在全世界雇用了2 000名员工。
②Women’s areas of employment(employ) cover a wide range now. 现在妇女就业领域十分广泛。
③The children were employed in building sandcastles.
孩子们忙着堆沙堡。
④The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees(employ) enjoy their work.
公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。
After two years’ unemployment, he has just been employed by a big company.To be a good employee, he employs all his spare time in learning new things about the company.Soon he is promoted by his employer.
失业两年之后， 他被一家大公司雇用了。为了成为一个好员工， 他利用他所有的空余时间学习关于公司的新东西。不久他就被他的雇主提拔了。
mistake...for 把……误当作……
(教材P18)In the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for a fish...
在主要的情形中， 鲨鱼攻击你是因为它把你错当成了一条鱼……
(1)mistake A for B 把A误当作B
(2)make a mistake/mistakes 犯错误
do sth.by mistake 做错了某事
①It’s your decision, but I warn you—you’re making a mistake.
这是你的决定， 但我要警告你——你在犯错误。
②She is often mistaken for her younger sister.
她常被误认为是她的妹妹。
③Someone must have left the door open by_mistake．
一定是有人疏忽忘了关门。
result in 导致， 结果是
(教材P18)The last two types of attack more often result in the death of humans.
后两种攻击方式对人类来说更可能致命。
(1)result from 由……造成
(2)as a result 因而， 所以
as a result of 因为
①His hard work resulted in excellent grades in his exams.
他的刻苦学习使他在考试中取得了优异成绩。
②However, pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress.
但是， 人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。
③As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.
结果，人类形成了多种性格类型，这些性格类型现今仍然存在。
④About 21 million people died during the 1990s as_a_result_of smoking.
20世纪90年代约有2 100万人死于吸烟。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
因为越来越多的污染， 很多物种正在灭绝。(result)
(1)There is more and more pollution.As_a_result,_many species are dying out.
(2)As_a_result_of more and more pollution, many species are dying out.
(3)More and more pollution has resulted_in many species’ dying out.
(4)The fact that many species are dying out results_from more and more pollution.
(教材P18)Don’t be frightened by sharks：you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
不要被鲨鱼吓倒：你有可能被闪电击中的几率要比被鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。
(1)30 times more...than...是表倍数的结构， “比……多30倍”。本句含有倍数表达法， 英语中表示倍数的句型有：
①A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B
②A＋be＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B
③A＋be＋倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of＋B
④A＋be＋形容词的比较级＋than＋B＋by＋倍数
⑤A＋be＋分数/百分数＋形容词的比较级＋than＋B
⑥...倍数＋what从句
(2)be likely to do sth.意为 “有可能做某事”。本句型还可改为It’s likely that...。
①At a rough estimate, Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain. 粗略估算， 尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的三倍。
②This square is three times as big as that one.
＝This square is twice_bigger_than_ that one.
这个广场是那个的三倍大。
③If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely to_get(get) ill.
如果你生活中压力的总数值超过了150, 那么你得病的机会会加倍的。
④It’s very likely that she’ll ring me tonight.
她今晚很可能会给我打电话。
[巧学活用]——单句改错
(1)It is reported that the United States uses twice as many energy as the whole of Europe.many→much
(2)This big stone is three times as heavier as that one.heavier→heavy
(3)There are four times many books in our library than in yours.many→more
品句填词
1．We saw lights in the ____________(远处)．
答案：distance
2．It doesn’t ____________(适合) you to have your hair cut short.
答案：suit
3．The flower show ____________(吸引) large crowds this year.
答案：attracted
4．Try to keep ____________(镇静) and just tell me what happened.
答案：calm
5．On the ____________(相反), it receives a warm welcome.
答案：contrary
6．____________(贴上) the label to your luggage.
答案：Attach
7．How many workmen do you ____________(雇用) at your factory?
答案：employ
8．They’ll be very ____________(可能) to ask for an increase in the budget.
答案：likely
9．The news threw the family into a ____________(惊慌)．
答案：panic
10．She once heard him ____________(小声说) to another girl.
答案：whisper
选词填空
contrary to; mistake...for; result in; watch out for; roll up
1．Perhaps he had ____________ me ____________ someone else.
答案：mistaken；for
2．____________ popular belief, many cats dislike milk.
答案：Contrary to
3．He ____________ all the windows.
答案：rolled up
4．Their dispute ____________ war.
答案：resulted in
5．They are ____________ further development.
答案：watching out for
完成句子
1．亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
Asia is ________________ large ________ Europe.
答案：four times as；as
2．小女孩突然静了下来， 开始用好奇的眼光观察四周。
Suddenly the girl ____________ and began looking curiously all around.
答案：calmed down
3．结果， 他们赞同我的建议， 一切按计划顺利进展。
____________， they agreed to my advice, and everything went well as planned.
答案：As a result
4．他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella ____________．
答案：by mistake
5．他很容易受伤， 因为他很轻易就相信别人。
He ________________ because he always trusts people easily.
答案：is likely to get hurt
课文语篇改错
There are nearly 400 types of sharks and about 30 types are reporting to have attacked humans.
There are many types of danger sharks：the great white shark, the tiger shark and the bull shark.The shark mistakes you by a fish and attacks you, but where it tastes human flesh, it gives up.The shark bites you if it thinks you are fit be eaten.The shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you all of the sudden. To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should not swim in the darkness, swim in the ocean that you have a fresh wound or wear bright clothing or jewellery.If a shark attack you, you should keep calm and not get into a panic.You can be hit the shark on the nose with your fist or stick your finger in the shark’s eye.
You are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
答案：
There are nearly 400 types of sharks and about 30 types are to have attacked humans.
There are many types of sharks：the great white shark, the tiger shark and the bull shark.The shark mistakes you a fish and attacks you, but it tastes human flesh, it gives up.The shark bites you if it thinks you are fit be eaten.The shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you all of sudden. To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should not swim in the darkness, swim in the ocean you have a fresh wound or wear bright clothing or jewellery.If a shark you, you should keep calm and not get into a panic.You can hit the shark on the nose with your fist or stick your finger in the shark’s eye.
You are 30 times likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
A卷 [学生用书P85(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．The car runs twice ____________(fast) than that truck.
答案：faster
2．Though there is a long ____________ between Tom and his family, they don’t feel ____________．(distance)
答案：distance；distant
3．The accident resulted ____________ the death of two passengers.
答案：in
4．We are always mistaking him ____________ his twin brother.
答案：for
5．He was busily ____________(employ) in writing his essay.
答案：employed
6．I think this place is ____________(suit) for you to sell souvenirs to tourists, but don’t put your prices too high or you’ll frighten them off.
答案：suitable
7．What you have done is contrary ____________ the doctor’s orders.
答案：to
8．What are those two ____________(whisper) to each other about?
答案：whispering
9．The picture is ____________(attach) to the wall by a nail.
答案：attached
10．He took a few deep breaths to calm himself ____________．
答案：down
阅读理解
A
Frank Lloyd Wright is often called the father of American modern architecture. He designed buildings and homes across the United States for more than 70 years.He created most of his works from 1900 through the 1950s, but his open-living spaces and imaginative designs still appear very modern today.
Last week, the United States nominated(提名)10 of his buildings for the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization—or UNESCO—the World Heritage List.The World Heritage List recognizes the most important cultural and natural sites worldwide.
The 10 buildings, titled“Key Works of Modern Architecture by Frank Lloyd Wright”were built between 1906 and 1969.They include several of his personal homes and studios, churches, government buildings, private residences, and one very famous museum—New York City’s Guggenheim Museum.
The Solomon R．Guggenheim Museum is one of the most visited sites in New York City.About one million people visit it every year.Frank Lloyd Wright worked on it from 1943 to 1959.It was designed to create a new type of space for new types of art.The museum remains an international symbol of modern architecture that represents Wright’s unique design.
Many of Mr Wright’s modern buildings and homes in the US Midwest have also become symbols of modern American architecture.Richard Longstreth is the president of the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy.He calls Mr Wright“the father of modern architecture, fundamentally redefining the nature of form and space during the early 20th century that would have enduring impacts of modern architecture worldwide”．
The UNESCO World Heritage Committee will announce its decision in mid-2020.If Frank Lloyd Wright’s 10 buildings were chosen for the list, they would be the first World Heritage listings for modern US architecture.The World Heritage List already includes 22 other American sites, including the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone National Park and the Statue of Liberty.
【解题导语】 美国正在把享有“美国现代建筑之父”美誉的建筑师Frank Lloyd Wright设计的10个著名的建筑申请加入联合国世界文化遗产名录， 结果要到2020年6月才能确定。
1．We can learn from the passage that________．
A．Mr Wright’s designs are out of style today
B．Mr Wright’s designs have been widely recognized
C．Mr Wright’s designs on modern buildings and homes are a failure
D．Mr Wright is the owner of ten buildings
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话可知， 虽然Frank Lloyd Wright的作品大多是在1900年至 20 世纪 50 年代创作的， 但他的开放的生活空间和富有想象力的设计在今天仍然显得现代。因此可知， 他的建筑设计理念一直很受欢迎， 故选B。
2．Which of the following statements about Guggenheim Museum is TRUE?
A．It is a masterpiece showing Mr Wright’s unique design.
B．It is a good example of traditional design.
C．It is the most famous site in New York City.
D．It is the symbol of New York City.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的The museum remains an international symbol of modern architecture that represents Wright’s unique design.可知， 古根海姆博物馆是代表Wright先生独特设计的一个建筑。故选A。
3．In which section of the newspaper can you probably find this article?
A．News. B．Science.
C．Biography. D．Economy.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The UNESCO World Heritage Committee will announce its decision in mid-2020.推断， 本文是时事新闻类， 所以应该在新闻类栏目内， 故选A。
4．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Frank Lloyd Wright—the Father of American Modern Architecture
B．The World Heritage List—Cultural Collection Worldwide
C．Guggenheim Museum—International Symbol of modern Architecture
D．Frank Lloyd Wright’s Buildings—On the Way to World Heritage List
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章第二段和最后一段可知， 本文是在介绍被誉为美国现代建筑之父的Frank Lloyd Wright的10个著名的建筑正在申请联合国世界文化遗产名录， 结果将在2020年6月才能确定。故选D。
B
An interesting bit of research was done with pigeons. A pigeon was put in a box with two levers(操作杆). One lever would set free corn(谷物) with every five pecks(啄). The other lever needed 100 pecks. Which lever would the pigeon choose to peck at? The lever that set free corn more frequently, of course.
People respond similarly. We prefer to receive more frequent rewards. That is the reason why projects are more effectively completed when broken down into smaller parts. For example, if you have a work project needed to be finished three months later, you are likely to tell yourself that you have plenty of time and end up putting off the work until the last few weeks. Unexpected occasions happen and the project is pushed back even further. The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.
If, however, the project is broken down into three smaller parts and you’re required to hand in a part at the end of each of the three months, there won’t be a rush at the end to complete it. One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement, which will spur you to begin the second part. At the end of the second month, the project is to complete. This gives you the time to review it and make any change for improvement. You can truly celebrate a project well done.
Celebrating small achievements is important to enjoying what you do. Looking forward to the appearance of corn on a frequent basis keeps you active to do more. What does your corn look like? Maybe you are like me and prefer to give yourself an actual reward after completing a project. If your corn really exists, the important thing is that you get it frequently. Remember, reward yourself for small achievements and you can live your life to the fullest.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。人们总是喜欢干短期且易见效果的工作，因此将一个长期任务分几段完成能够提高工作效率。
5．What will probably happen if you’re allowed to finish a task in a long time?
A．You may expect others to help you.
B．You won’t be patient to continue it.
C．It won’t be finished as well as expected.
D．It will appear more and more difficult and boring.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.可知，工期长会导致拖延，最后手忙脚乱的情况下完成的工作达不到预期的效果。
6．What does the underlined word “spur” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Warn. B．Forbid.
C．Remind. D．Encourage.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement...可知，作者说一部分工作完成后，你会产生一种成就感，这种成就感能够“激励”你开始从事下一部分的工作。
7．What does the writer mainly talk about in the last paragraph?
A．The importance of finishing your project on time.
B．The benefit of rewarding yourself frequently.
C．How to keep active in your work.
D．How to set rewards wisely in life.
B 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，该段主要谈论的是庆祝小成就或经常回报自己的重要性或好处。
语法填空
Carpooling is when a driver offers to take passengers in exchange for some money for petrol. As 1.____________ result, carpooling can be 2.____________ (cheap) than public transport because everyone in the car shares the cost of petrol. I 3.____________ (recent) did carpooling for the first time and it was very easy to find a driver. I used a website 4.____________ lists drivers’ profiles(简介) and found someone who was going to the same place as me. A lot of information can 5.____________ (see) in the profiles such as their first name, age and gender (性别) as well as reviews from other passengers. I decided 6.____________ (travel) with a lady who had very good reviews.
I found carpooling to be a(n) 7.____________ (impress) experience. Not only was the trip very cheap, but the driver and the other passengers were really friendly. They were all French so I had the chance to practise 8.____________(speak) some French. When I waved goodbye to them, a thought suddenly occurred to me 9.____________ carpooling could be the future of travel. Both drivers and passengers can benefit 10.____________ this form of travel. It saves money, and perhaps more importantly, carpooling provides a fantastic opportunity to meet interesting people on your travels.
1．a 解析：考查固定结构。As a result意为“结果”。
2．cheaper 解析：考查形容词比较级。由than可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填cheaper。
3．recently 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰did，故填recently。
4．which/that 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰website，且在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
5．be seen 解析：考查被动语态。information与see之间是被动关系，故填be seen。
6．to travel 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。decide后接带to的不定式作宾语，故填to travel。
7．impressive 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰experience，表示“令人印象深刻的”，故填impressive。
8．speaking 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。practise后接动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语。故填speaking。
9．that 解析：考查连接词。设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明thought的具体内容，且设空处在从句中不作成分，故填that。
10．from 解析：考查介词。benefit from...意为“受益于……”。
B卷 [学生用书P87(单独成册)]
阅读理解
Most people
have experienced ostracism(孤立) as an observer, whether in school, at work, or among family or friends. Even the people who are not in trouble often couldn’t keep calm when it comes to ostracism. And when a group ostracizes someone out of unkind reasons, others usually view it very negatively as unfair. However, outsiders may also judge(评判) ostracism to be acceptable, for example, when the person ostracized has behaved out of place.
A research team from the University of Basel led by the psychologist Dr. Selma Rudert has now researched five studies. These studies are used to examine by what evidence people are influenced in such judgment situations. The number of volunteers in each of the studies ranges from 30 to 527. The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.
The researchers showed the volunteers various situations of ostracism. Imagine there were three students in a room. The ideas and suggestions from one of the students were regularly taken no notice by the other two. When the ostracized person was “different” from the other two, for example, outsiders judged the ostracism to be unfair. They were annoyed at the two students. However, when the group members were more similar—such as all from the same country, the outsiders’ viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.
“These studies are important for topics such as ostracism in schools or workplaces，” says Rudert. When people are too heavily influenced by factors on the surface only and don’t care actual information, it can quickly lead to misjudgments. “In fact，” says Rudert, “you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了群体内的相似性影响着人们对孤立现象的评判。
1．What do outsiders think of ostracism?
A．It is always unfair.
B．It is unkind to others.
C．It can be accepted at times.
D．It can help people keep calm.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..outsiders may also judge(评判) ostracism to be acceptable...可知，旁观者有时认为孤立是可以接受的。
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．There are 2，785 volunteers totally in the studies.
B．The ostracized people behave differently from others.
C．These studies examine the evidence of people’s differences.
D．People are easily influenced by others when judging somebody.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.可知，被孤立的人通常行为举止异于他人。
3．The outsiders showed negative opinions on the ostracized person when ________．
A．the person had annoyed them
B．there were more similarities among them
C．their ideas were taken no notice by the person
D．they wanted to have no relationship with the person
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的．..when the group members were more similar—such as all from the same country, the outsiders’ viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.可知，当小组成员有相似之处的时候，旁观者不会同情被孤立的人。
4．What’s Rudert’s suggestion on the ostracism?
A．Giving support to the ostracized people.
B．Paying more attention to the ostracized people.
C．Knowing about the actual situation before judging.
D．Avoiding talking about ostracized people in schools.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的．..you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.可知，Rudert建议人们在评判之前先了解情况。
完形填空
It happened to me last week. I went duck hunting and took my four-legged __1__ along. I went into a muddy lake and got stuck. __2__， my dog was right by my side and provided me with a lifeline. That day, I wanted to __3__ a duck decoy(诱饵) in the lake. I thought it was something __4__ to do. I didn’t know that __5__ the muddy waters would put my life at risk. When I was __6__ in the lake, my legs got stuck in the thick mud. I couldn’t __7__ my legs and had to find a way to call for __8__．
At that time, my dog was waiting for my __9__ to the shone, but with each passing minute he grew __10__. Fortunately for me, I had my __11__ with me and was able to call 911. However, when rescuers __12__， they knew they would also get stuck in the mud if they tried to reach me. But the dog was the only one able to do the __13__ without getting stuck. Rescuers tied a rope to my dog and had him __14__ me. And that was how my dog became my only lifeline. Once my dog came to me, I untied the rope, tied it to my __15__ and waited for a rescuer to reach me. The rescuer was also tied to the rope and with the help of others back on the safe __16__， I was pulled out from the mud.
If it weren’t for my dog, I would have spent __17__ time in the cold waters when rescuers tried to make a __18__ plan to reach me.
The dog was __19__ before I found it. I took it home and kept it. From my experience, I believe that kindness will be __20__ rewarded.
【解题导语】 作者收养了一条狗，后来这条狗救了他一命，他的好心得到了回报。
1．A.table B．guide
C．friend D．cat
C 解析：作者是带着他的狗去的，他把狗当作是“朋友”，故选C项。
2．A.Strangely B．Surprisingly
C．Interestingly D．Luckily
D 解析：根据my dog was right by my side and provided me with a lifeline可知，幸运的是，狗在自己旁边。故选D项。
3．A.try B．place
C．change D．settle
B 解析：根据作者陷进泥巴里的语境可知，他是第一次去那里，故他是去那里“放”诱饵的。故选B项。
4．A.safe B．boring
C．difficult D．funny
A 解析：作者一开始并不知道进去那个湖里会有危险，认为这是“安全”的行为。故选A项。
5．A.touching B．entering
C．enjoying D．cleaning
B 解析：这里是指“进入”那个湖里。故选B项。
6．A.smiling B．washing
C．walking D．swimming
C 解析：作者陷进了泥巴里，说明他当时在湖里“走动”。故选C项。
7．A.see B．hurt
C．feel D．free
D 解析：根据my legs got stuck in the thick mud可知，作者无法将自己的腿拔出来，故选D项。
8．A.change B．emergency
C．service D．help
D 解析：作者被陷在了那里，他应该想办法寻找“帮助”。故选D项。
9．A.step B．sign
C．return D．boat
C 解析：作者的狗在岸上等作者“返回”。故选C项。
10．A.angry B．worried
C．calm D．excited
B 解析：狗见作者迟迟不上岸，应该“担心”起来了。故选B项。
11．A.cellphone B．purse
C．key D．card
A 解析：根据and was able to call 911可知，作者当时身上带着“电话”。故选A项。
12．A.sailed B．arrived
C．finished D．left
B 解析：这里是指救援人员“到达”之后。故选B项。
13．A.work B．trick
C．study D．project
A 解析：这里是指只有作者的狗能够在湖里游泳而不会陷入泥巴里，即只有它能干这份“活” ，故选A项。
14．A.show B．take
C．reach D．tie
C 解析：根据Rescuers tied a rope to my dog可知，救援人员让那条狗“靠近”作者。故选C项。
15．A.ship B．duck
C．leg D．body
D 解析：为了能够让救援人员将他拉出去，作者应该将绳子系在自己的“身”上。故选D项。
16．A.hill B．rock
C．land D．water
C 解析：那些救援人员在岸上面，故选C项。
17．A.great B．more
C．little D．better
B 解析：如果没有那条狗的帮助，作者得在水里面待“更多的”时间。故选B项。
18．A.serious B．long
C．good D．disappointing
C 解析：为了能够救出作者，救援人员应该想出一个“好的”办法。故选C项。
19．A.homeless B．beautiful
C．strong D．little
A 解析：根据I took it home and kept it.可知，那条狗以前是条“无家可归的”流浪狗。故选A项。
20．A.still B．never
C．hardly D．really
D 解析：作者从这次经历中明白好心“的确”会有回报。故选D项。
短文改错
It’s been a long time since I do something good for the environment.Feel responsible to protect the environment, I decided to take action again.I told my idea with my friends and we planned to plant the trees on the hill in the rural area of the city.
We came to the foot of the hill and selected a place where looked suitable and settled down.We spend a few hours digging holes and placing the young seedlings(幼苗)．Then we wrote our wishes on cards one to one and buried it deep down the roots of the trees.We also took numerous pictures.We were such busy that we didn’t realize it was time to go back.I felt really glad that we made difference to the environment.
答案：
It’s been a long time since I something good for the environment. responsible to protect the environment, I decided to take action again.I told my idea my friends and we planned to plant trees on the hill in the rural area of the city.
We came to the foot of the hill and selected a place looked suitable and settled down.We a few hours digging holes and placing the young seedlings(幼苗)．Then we wrote our wishes on cards one one and buried deep down the roots of the trees.We also took numerous pictures.We were busy that we didn’t realize it was time to go back.I felt really glad that we made difference to the environment.
课件76张PPT。Unit 1 The world of our sensesattach whisper panicloosedistancesuitcontraryattractcalmemploycontrary tokeep calmmistake...for...result inroll upget lostfromatinat a distance of half a kilometerwithin walking distancesuitablematched suitsfit toattach great importance toso attached to the network games that So attached to the network gamesAttaching himself to the network games so muchwhisperingin whispered后加totalking后加inon the contraryto the contrarycalmcalmstillquietsilentemploymentin employeesforby mistakefromAsas a result of As a resultAs a result ofresulted inresults from twice bigger thanto getthat many→muchheavier→heavymany→more本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．We saw lights in the ____________(远处)．
答案：distance
2．It doesn’t ____________(适合) you to have your hair cut short.
答案：suit
3．The flower show ____________(吸引) large crowds this year.
答案：attracted
4．Try to keep ____________(镇静) and just tell me what happened.
答案：calm
5．On the ____________(相反), it receives a warm welcome.
答案：contrary
6．____________(贴上) the label to your luggage.
答案：Attach
7．How many workmen do you ____________(雇用) at your factory?
答案：employ
8．They’ll be very ____________(可能) to ask for an increase in the budget.
答案：likely
9．The news threw the family into a ____________(惊慌)．
答案：panic
10．She once heard him ____________(小声说) to another girl.
答案：whisper
选词填空
contrary to; mistake...for; result in; watch out for; roll up
1．Perhaps he had ____________ me ____________ someone else.
答案：mistaken；for
2．____________ popular belief, many cats dislike milk.
答案：Contrary to
3．He ____________ all the windows.
答案：rolled up
4．Their dispute ____________ war.
答案：resulted in
5．They are ____________ further development.
答案：watching out for
完成句子
1．亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
Asia is ________________ large ________ Europe.
答案：four times as；as
2．小女孩突然静了下来， 开始用好奇的眼光观察四周。
Suddenly the girl ____________ and began looking curiously all around.
答案：calmed down
3．结果， 他们赞同我的建议， 一切按计划顺利进展。
____________， they agreed to my advice, and everything went well as planned.
答案：As a result
4．他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella ____________．
答案：by mistake
5．他很容易受伤， 因为他很轻易就相信别人。
He ________________ because he always trusts people easily.
答案：is likely to get hurt
课文语篇改错
There are nearly 400 types of sharks and about 30 types are reporting to have attacked humans.
There are many types of danger sharks：the great white shark, the tiger shark and the bull shark.The shark mistakes you by a fish and attacks you, but where it tastes human flesh, it gives up.The shark bites you if it thinks you are fit be eaten.The shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you all of the sudden. To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should not swim in the darkness, swim in the ocean that you have a fresh wound or wear bright clothing or jewellery.If a shark attack you, you should keep calm and not get into a panic.You can be hit the shark on the nose with your fist or stick your finger in the shark’s eye.
You are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
答案：
There are nearly 400 types of sharks and about 30 types are to have attacked humans.
There are many types of sharks：the great white shark, the tiger shark and the bull shark.The shark mistakes you a fish and attacks you, but it tastes human flesh, it gives up.The shark bites you if it thinks you are fit be eaten.The shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you all of sudden. To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should not swim in the darkness, swim in the ocean you have a fresh wound or wear bright clothing or jewellery.If a shark you, you should keep calm and not get into a panic.You can hit the shark on the nose with your fist or stick your finger in the shark’s eye.
You are 30 times likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
A卷 [学生用书P85(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．The car runs twice ____________(fast) than that truck.
答案：faster
2．Though there is a long ____________ between Tom and his family, they don’t feel ____________．(distance)
答案：distance；distant
3．The accident resulted ____________ the death of two passengers.
答案：in
4．We are always mistaking him ____________ his twin brother.
答案：for
5．He was busily ____________(employ) in writing his essay.
答案：employed
6．I think this place is ____________(suit) for you to sell souvenirs to tourists, but don’t put your prices too high or you’ll frighten them off.
答案：suitable
7．What you have done is contrary ____________ the doctor’s orders.
答案：to
8．What are those two ____________(whisper) to each other about?
答案：whispering
9．The picture is ____________(attach) to the wall by a nail.
答案：attached
10．He took a few deep breaths to calm himself ____________．
答案：down
阅读理解
A
Frank Lloyd Wright is often called the father of American modern architecture. He designed buildings and homes across the United States for more than 70 years.He created most of his works from 1900 through the 1950s, but his open-living spaces and imaginative designs still appear very modern today.
Last week, the United States nominated(提名)10 of his buildings for the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization—or UNESCO—the World Heritage List.The World Heritage List recognizes the most important cultural and natural sites worldwide.
The 10 buildings, titled“Key Works of Modern Architecture by Frank Lloyd Wright”were built between 1906 and 1969.They include several of his personal homes and studios, churches, government buildings, private residences, and one very famous museum—New York City’s Guggenheim Museum.
The Solomon R．Guggenheim Museum is one of the most visited sites in New York City.About one million people visit it every year.Frank Lloyd Wright worked on it from 1943 to 1959.It was designed to create a new type of space for new types of art.The museum remains an international symbol of modern architecture that represents Wright’s unique design.
Many of Mr Wright’s modern buildings and homes in the US Midwest have also become symbols of modern American architecture.Richard Longstreth is the president of the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy.He calls Mr Wright“the father of modern architecture, fundamentally redefining the nature of form and space during the early 20th century that would have enduring impacts of modern architecture worldwide”．
The UNESCO World Heritage Committee will announce its decision in mid-2020.If Frank Lloyd Wright’s 10 buildings were chosen for the list, they would be the first World Heritage listings for modern US architecture.The World Heritage List already includes 22 other American sites, including the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone National Park and the Statue of Liberty.
【解题导语】 美国正在把享有“美国现代建筑之父”美誉的建筑师Frank Lloyd Wright设计的10个著名的建筑申请加入联合国世界文化遗产名录， 结果要到2020年6月才能确定。
1．We can learn from the passage that________．
A．Mr Wright’s designs are out of style today
B．Mr Wright’s designs have been widely recognized
C．Mr Wright’s designs on modern buildings and homes are a failure
D．Mr Wright is the owner of ten buildings
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话可知， 虽然Frank Lloyd Wright的作品大多是在1900年至 20 世纪 50 年代创作的， 但他的开放的生活空间和富有想象力的设计在今天仍然显得现代。因此可知， 他的建筑设计理念一直很受欢迎， 故选B。
2．Which of the following statements about Guggenheim Museum is TRUE?
A．It is a masterpiece showing Mr Wright’s unique design.
B．It is a good example of traditional design.
C．It is the most famous site in New York City.
D．It is the symbol of New York City.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的The museum remains an international symbol of modern architecture that represents Wright’s unique design.可知， 古根海姆博物馆是代表Wright先生独特设计的一个建筑。故选A。
3．In which section of the newspaper can you probably find this article?
A．News. B．Science.
C．Biography. D．Economy.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The UNESCO World Heritage Committee will announce its decision in mid-2020.推断， 本文是时事新闻类， 所以应该在新闻类栏目内， 故选A。
4．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Frank Lloyd Wright—the Father of American Modern Architecture
B．The World Heritage List—Cultural Collection Worldwide
C．Guggenheim Museum—International Symbol of modern Architecture
D．Frank Lloyd Wright’s Buildings—On the Way to World Heritage List
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章第二段和最后一段可知， 本文是在介绍被誉为美国现代建筑之父的Frank Lloyd Wright的10个著名的建筑正在申请联合国世界文化遗产名录， 结果将在2020年6月才能确定。故选D。
B
An interesting bit of research was done with pigeons. A pigeon was put in a box with two levers(操作杆). One lever would set free corn(谷物) with every five pecks(啄). The other lever needed 100 pecks. Which lever would the pigeon choose to peck at? The lever that set free corn more frequently, of course.
People respond similarly. We prefer to receive more frequent rewards. That is the reason why projects are more effectively completed when broken down into smaller parts. For example, if you have a work project needed to be finished three months later, you are likely to tell yourself that you have plenty of time and end up putting off the work until the last few weeks. Unexpected occasions happen and the project is pushed back even further. The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.
If, however, the project is broken down into three smaller parts and you’re required to hand in a part at the end of each of the three months, there won’t be a rush at the end to complete it. One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement, which will spur you to begin the second part. At the end of the second month, the project is to complete. This gives you the time to review it and make any change for improvement. You can truly celebrate a project well done.
Celebrating small achievements is important to enjoying what you do. Looking forward to the appearance of corn on a frequent basis keeps you active to do more. What does your corn look like? Maybe you are like me and prefer to give yourself an actual reward after completing a project. If your corn really exists, the important thing is that you get it frequently. Remember, reward yourself for small achievements and you can live your life to the fullest.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。人们总是喜欢干短期且易见效果的工作，因此将一个长期任务分几段完成能够提高工作效率。
5．What will probably happen if you’re allowed to finish a task in a long time?
A．You may expect others to help you.
B．You won’t be patient to continue it.
C．It won’t be finished as well as expected.
D．It will appear more and more difficult and boring.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.可知，工期长会导致拖延，最后手忙脚乱的情况下完成的工作达不到预期的效果。
6．What does the underlined word “spur” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Warn. B．Forbid.
C．Remind. D．Encourage.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement...可知，作者说一部分工作完成后，你会产生一种成就感，这种成就感能够“激励”你开始从事下一部分的工作。
7．What does the writer mainly talk about in the last paragraph?
A．The importance of finishing your project on time.
B．The benefit of rewarding yourself frequently.
C．How to keep active in your work.
D．How to set rewards wisely in life.
B 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，该段主要谈论的是庆祝小成就或经常回报自己的重要性或好处。
语法填空
Carpooling is when a driver offers to take passengers in exchange for some money for petrol. As 1.____________ result, carpooling can be 2.____________ (cheap) than public transport because everyone in the car shares the cost of petrol. I 3.____________ (recent) did carpooling for the first time and it was very easy to find a driver. I used a website 4.____________ lists drivers’ profiles(简介) and found someone who was going to the same place as me. A lot of information can 5.____________ (see) in the profiles such as their first name, age and gender (性别) as well as reviews from other passengers. I decided 6.____________ (travel) with a lady who had very good reviews.
I found carpooling to be a(n) 7.____________ (impress) experience. Not only was the trip very cheap, but the driver and the other passengers were really friendly. They were all French so I had the chance to practise 8.____________(speak) some French. When I waved goodbye to them, a thought suddenly occurred to me 9.____________ carpooling could be the future of travel. Both drivers and passengers can benefit 10.____________ this form of travel. It saves money, and perhaps more importantly, carpooling provides a fantastic opportunity to meet interesting people on your travels.
1．a 解析：考查固定结构。As a result意为“结果”。
2．cheaper 解析：考查形容词比较级。由than可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填cheaper。
3．recently 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰did，故填recently。
4．which/that 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰website，且在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
5．be seen 解析：考查被动语态。information与see之间是被动关系，故填be seen。
6．to travel 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。decide后接带to的不定式作宾语，故填to travel。
7．impressive 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰experience，表示“令人印象深刻的”，故填impressive。
8．speaking 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。practise后接动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语。故填speaking。
9．that 解析：考查连接词。设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明thought的具体内容，且设空处在从句中不作成分，故填that。
10．from 解析：考查介词。benefit from...意为“受益于……”。
B卷 [学生用书P87(单独成册)]
阅读理解
Most people
have experienced ostracism(孤立) as an observer, whether in school, at work, or among family or friends. Even the people who are not in trouble often couldn’t keep calm when it comes to ostracism. And when a group ostracizes someone out of unkind reasons, others usually view it very negatively as unfair. However, outsiders may also judge(评判) ostracism to be acceptable, for example, when the person ostracized has behaved out of place.
A research team from the University of Basel led by the psychologist Dr. Selma Rudert has now researched five studies. These studies are used to examine by what evidence people are influenced in such judgment situations. The number of volunteers in each of the studies ranges from 30 to 527. The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.
The researchers showed the volunteers various situations of ostracism. Imagine there were three students in a room. The ideas and suggestions from one of the students were regularly taken no notice by the other two. When the ostracized person was “different” from the other two, for example, outsiders judged the ostracism to be unfair. They were annoyed at the two students. However, when the group members were more similar—such as all from the same country, the outsiders’ viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.
“These studies are important for topics such as ostracism in schools or workplaces，” says Rudert. When people are too heavily influenced by factors on the surface only and don’t care actual information, it can quickly lead to misjudgments. “In fact，” says Rudert, “you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了群体内的相似性影响着人们对孤立现象的评判。
1．What do outsiders think of ostracism?
A．It is always unfair.
B．It is unkind to others.
C．It can be accepted at times.
D．It can help people keep calm.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..outsiders may also judge(评判) ostracism to be acceptable...可知，旁观者有时认为孤立是可以接受的。
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．There are 2，785 volunteers totally in the studies.
B．The ostracized people behave differently from others.
C．These studies examine the evidence of people’s differences.
D．People are easily influenced by others when judging somebody.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.可知，被孤立的人通常行为举止异于他人。
3．The outsiders showed negative opinions on the ostracized person when ________．
A．the person had annoyed them
B．there were more similarities among them
C．their ideas were taken no notice by the person
D．they wanted to have no relationship with the person
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的．..when the group members were more similar—such as all from the same country, the outsiders’ viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.可知，当小组成员有相似之处的时候，旁观者不会同情被孤立的人。
4．What’s Rudert’s suggestion on the ostracism?
A．Giving support to the ostracized people.
B．Paying more attention to the ostracized people.
C．Knowing about the actual situation before judging.
D．Avoiding talking about ostracized people in schools.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的．..you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.可知，Rudert建议人们在评判之前先了解情况。
完形填空
It happened to me last week. I went duck hunting and took my four-legged __1__ along. I went into a muddy lake and got stuck. __2__， my dog was right by my side and provided me with a lifeline. That day, I wanted to __3__ a duck decoy(诱饵) in the lake. I thought it was something __4__ to do. I didn’t know that __5__ the muddy waters would put my life at risk. When I was __6__ in the lake, my legs got stuck in the thick mud. I couldn’t __7__ my legs and had to find a way to call for __8__．
At that time, my dog was waiting for my __9__ to the shone, but with each passing minute he grew __10__. Fortunately for me, I had my __11__ with me and was able to call 911. However, when rescuers __12__， they knew they would also get stuck in the mud if they tried to reach me. But the dog was the only one able to do the __13__ without getting stuck. Rescuers tied a rope to my dog and had him __14__ me. And that was how my dog became my only lifeline. Once my dog came to me, I untied the rope, tied it to my __15__ and waited for a rescuer to reach me. The rescuer was also tied to the rope and with the help of others back on the safe __16__， I was pulled out from the mud.
If it weren’t for my dog, I would have spent __17__ time in the cold waters when rescuers tried to make a __18__ plan to reach me.
The dog was __19__ before I found it. I took it home and kept it. From my experience, I believe that kindness will be __20__ rewarded.
【解题导语】 作者收养了一条狗，后来这条狗救了他一命，他的好心得到了回报。
1．A.table B．guide
C．friend D．cat
C 解析：作者是带着他的狗去的，他把狗当作是“朋友”，故选C项。
2．A.Strangely B．Surprisingly
C．Interestingly D．Luckily
D 解析：根据my dog was right by my side and provided me with a lifeline可知，幸运的是，狗在自己旁边。故选D项。
3．A.try B．place
C．change D．settle
B 解析：根据作者陷进泥巴里的语境可知，他是第一次去那里，故他是去那里“放”诱饵的。故选B项。
4．A.safe B．boring
C．difficult D．funny
A 解析：作者一开始并不知道进去那个湖里会有危险，认为这是“安全”的行为。故选A项。
5．A.touching B．entering
C．enjoying D．cleaning
B 解析：这里是指“进入”那个湖里。故选B项。
6．A.smiling B．washing
C．walking D．swimming
C 解析：作者陷进了泥巴里，说明他当时在湖里“走动”。故选C项。
7．A.see B．hurt
C．feel D．free
D 解析：根据my legs got stuck in the thick mud可知，作者无法将自己的腿拔出来，故选D项。
8．A.change B．emergency
C．service D．help
D 解析：作者被陷在了那里，他应该想办法寻找“帮助”。故选D项。
9．A.step B．sign
C．return D．boat
C 解析：作者的狗在岸上等作者“返回”。故选C项。
10．A.angry B．worried
C．calm D．excited
B 解析：狗见作者迟迟不上岸，应该“担心”起来了。故选B项。
11．A.cellphone B．purse
C．key D．card
A 解析：根据and was able to call 911可知，作者当时身上带着“电话”。故选A项。
12．A.sailed B．arrived
C．finished D．left
B 解析：这里是指救援人员“到达”之后。故选B项。
13．A.work B．trick
C．study D．project
A 解析：这里是指只有作者的狗能够在湖里游泳而不会陷入泥巴里，即只有它能干这份“活” ，故选A项。
14．A.show B．take
C．reach D．tie
C 解析：根据Rescuers tied a rope to my dog可知，救援人员让那条狗“靠近”作者。故选C项。
15．A.ship B．duck
C．leg D．body
D 解析：为了能够让救援人员将他拉出去，作者应该将绳子系在自己的“身”上。故选D项。
16．A.hill B．rock
C．land D．water
C 解析：那些救援人员在岸上面，故选C项。
17．A.great B．more
C．little D．better
B 解析：如果没有那条狗的帮助，作者得在水里面待“更多的”时间。故选B项。
18．A.serious B．long
C．good D．disappointing
C 解析：为了能够救出作者，救援人员应该想出一个“好的”办法。故选C项。
19．A.homeless B．beautiful
C．strong D．little
A 解析：根据I took it home and kept it.可知，那条狗以前是条“无家可归的”流浪狗。故选A项。
20．A.still B．never
C．hardly D．really
D 解析：作者从这次经历中明白好心“的确”会有回报。故选D项。
短文改错
It’s been a long time since I do something good for the environment.Feel responsible to protect the environment, I decided to take action again.I told my idea with my friends and we planned to plant the trees on the hill in the rural area of the city.
We came to the foot of the hill and selected a place where looked suitable and settled down.We spend a few hours digging holes and placing the young seedlings(幼苗)．Then we wrote our wishes on cards one to one and buried it deep down the roots of the trees.We also took numerous pictures.We were such busy that we didn’t realize it was time to go back.I felt really glad that we made difference to the environment.
答案：
It’s been a long time since I something good for the environment. responsible to protect the environment, I decided to take action again.I told my idea my friends and we planned to plant trees on the hill in the rural area of the city.
We came to the foot of the hill and selected a place looked suitable and settled down.We a few hours digging holes and placing the young seedlings(幼苗)．Then we wrote our wishes on cards one one and buried deep down the roots of the trees.We also took numerous pictures.We were busy that we didn’t realize it was time to go back.I felt really glad that we made difference to the environment.
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
名词性从句(一)
名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用。在句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语， 分别称作：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。学习名词性从句主要应注意其引导词的用法与区别以及名词性从句与其他从句的区别等。
名词性从句的引导词：
分类
词形
词义
作从句的成分
连词
that
whether(或if)
是否
连接
代词
who(ever)
(无论)谁[主格]
主、表
whom(ever)
(无论)谁[宾格]
宾
whose
谁的[所有格]
定
which(ever)
(无论)哪一个(些)
主、宾、表、定
what(ever)
(无论)什么， ……东西
主、宾、表、定
连接
副词
when
什么时间
状
where
什么地方
状
how
怎样， 如何
状
why
为什么
状
名词性从句的引导词一般都不可省略。但在宾语从句中的that有时可以省略。
一、主语从句
1．主语从句的引导词
主语从句通常由连词that和whether, 连接代词或连接副词引导。
That the football match will be put off is certain now.
足球赛将会推迟一事现在已经确定。
Whether he will come or not is still a question.
他是否会来仍然是个问题。
What he said at the meeting was very inspiring.
他在会上说的话非常鼓舞人心。
2．主语从句可以直接放在句首， 有时为了平衡句子结构或表示强调， 常用it作形式主语， 而将从句放在句末
It is reported that the novel has been translated into various foreign languages.
据报道这部小说已经被翻译成了多种外语。
如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式， 则须用it作形式主语。
Is it true that he is the girl’s father?
他是那女孩的父亲是真的吗？
对接高考
①It is often the case ____________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。
that 解析：考查主语从句。此句中It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
②Exactly ____________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
确切地说， 马铃薯什么时候被引进到欧洲还拿不准， 但是可能是在1565年左右。
when 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知， 此处缺少主语从句的引导词。根据but并列分句中的关键信息around 1565可知， 此处表示 “时间”， 故要用when引导主语从句。
二、宾语从句
1．宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if), 连接代词或连接副词引导。
I believe (that) we can solve the economic problem.
我相信我们能解决这个经济问题。
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
我们没有人知道这些新的零件能在哪里买到。
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest station?
你能告诉我去最近的车站怎么走吗？
2．it作形式宾语时将that宾语从句置于动词think，find, feel, consider, make, believe, hate, take, owe, have等后面
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。
3．宾语从句的时态
(1)如果主句谓语是现在时， 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I know he lived in a city three years ago.
我知道他三年前住在某个城市里。
(2)如果主句谓语是过去时， 从句要用表示过去的某一时态。
He said that he had seen the movie Wolf WarriorsⅡ.
他说他已经看过电影《战狼2》。
(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时， 不管主句是什么时态， 宾语从句一律用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
4．否定转移
当动词believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose, think等后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时， 通常否定主句。
I don’t suppose that it is true.
我认为那不是真的。
5．if和whether在宾语从句中的区别
(1)在动词(短语)know, ask, care, wonder, find out等和介词后一般用whether不用if。
We haven’t settled the question of whether it is necessary for him to study abroad.
我们还没有解决出国留学对他来说是否有必要的问题。
(2)动词leave, put, discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether不用if。
We discussed whether we should go on climbing.
我们讨论了是否应该继续攀登。
(3)whether后可以直接加or not, 但是if不可以。
I don’t care whether or not she will attend the meeting.
她是否来参加会议， 我不介意。
(4)在不定式前只能用whether, 不用if。
She doesn’t know whether to go on foot or wait for a bus.
她不知道是步行去还是等公共汽车。
对接高考
③My classmates and I are talking about ____________ to do during the holiday.
我和我的同学们正在讨论假期该干什么。
what 解析：此处应用“what＋不定式”作动词短语talk about的宾语，同时what还要作动词do的逻辑宾语。
三、表语从句
1．表语从句的引导词
引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether, 连接代词和连接副词， 以及as if, as though, because等。
The girl is not what she was ten years ago.
这个女孩已经不是10年前的她了。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来天要下雨了。
2．主语是reason时， 表语从句常用that引导， 而不用because
The reason for his absence is that he was ill.
他缺席的原因是他生病了。
3．如果主句的主语是idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等名词时， 表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气， 即 “(should＋)动词原形” 的形式
My suggestion is that one thousand trees be planted along the riverbank.
我的建议就是沿着河岸栽上1 000棵树。
His idea is that we spend the weekend in the nearby holiday camp.
他的想法是我们去附近的度假营过周末。
对接高考
④The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ____________ one can be entirely free from dust.
雨季最让人感到快乐的是，人们可以完全摆脱灰尘。
that 解析：分析句子结构可知，本空需要连接词引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作任何成分，也无任何意义，只起连接作用，故用that引导。
四、同位语从句
1．同位语从句的引导词
引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that, whether, 连接代词和连接副词等。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
The suggestion that a meeting should be held was agreed by most of all.
应该开个会的建议得到了我们大多数人的同意。
2．that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
that作为关系代词， 可以引导定语从句， 在从句中充当句子成分， 在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that 引导同位语从句时， 起连词的作用， 没有实际意义， 在从句中不充当句子成分， 不能省略。
I received the message that he would come by plane.
我收到了他将乘飞机来的消息。(同位语从句)
I received the message (that) you sent me.
我收到了你发给我的消息。(定语从句)
that引导名词性从句应注意的问题：
(1)that引导名词性从句， that在从句中不作成分， 本身无词义， 只起连接作用。
(2)that引导的名词性从句， 只有在宾语从句中可省略that, 在其他从句中that一般不省略；但若动词后有多个that引导的宾语从句时， 第一个that可省略， 其余的不能省略；that引导的从句如果作介词宾语， 一般只用在except, in等少数介词后。except that...除了……， in that...因为……
We learned (that) more people had flu and that most of them were young people.(第二个that不能省略)
我们了解到更多的人患上了流感， 他们大多是年轻人。
The fact that he didn’t say anything at the meeting surprised us.(that不能省略)
他在会上什么也没说使得我们很惊讶。
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work in a company.(that不能省略)
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班， 其他一无所知。
对接高考
⑤The manager put forward a suggestion ____________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
经理提出了一条建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
that 解析：suggestion后是同位语从句，从句的结构和意义均完整，故用that引导。
单句语法填空
1．Your support is important to our work.____________ you can do helps.
答案：Whatever
2．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to ____________ I live.
答案：where
3．A warm thought suddenly came to me ____________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
答案：that
4．Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ____________ the best jobs are.
答案：where
5．____________ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
答案：What
6．It is obvious to the students ____________ they should get well prepared for their future.
答案：that
语法与写作
1．很奇怪， 她昨天没有来。
It is strange __________________________．
答案：that she did not come yesterday
2．不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。
________________________ is welcome.
答案：Whoever comes to the club
3．我的想法是你该好好利用你的时间。
My idea is __________________________________．
答案：that you should make good use of your time
4．我难过的原因是他不理解我。
The reason why I was sad was ____________________________________．
答案：that he didn’t understand me
5．那男孩对他在那里看到的任何事物都感兴趣。
The boy was interested in ______________________．
答案：whatever he saw there
6．我怀疑他是否会成功。
I doubt ______________________．
答案：whether he will succeed
7．毫无疑问他错了。
There is no doubt ________________．
答案：that he is wrong
8．我不知道她何时回来。
I have no idea __________________．
答案：when she will be back
如何写看图作文
文体感知
1．看图作文的命题特点
看图作文就是依据图画所表现的情景， 按照规定和要求进行写作。一般的看图作文就是看图说话：要求考生按照所给图画， 通过合理的联想将一组画面的内容正确地表达出来。看图作文的命题形式可以多样化， 即根据图画， 要求学生写一篇日记、 一封书信、 一则通知、 一篇记叙文或一篇说明文等；要求学生把一幅或几幅内容连续的图画有条理、有层次地再现出来。此类作文旨在考查学生的观察能力、分析能力、想象能力、创新能力以及遣词造句、组句成篇的书面表达能力。
2．看图作文的准备过程
(1)正确理解提示和要求。一般情况下， 看图作文在提供图画的同时也附带有简要的文字提示， 我们可以利用文字提示去正确地理解图意， 得到要点。切忌孤立地看图而忽视文字提示。
(2)确定体裁格式。根据图片内容确定好题材与体裁， 弄清是写人还是写景， 是说明还是叙事， 是书信还是日记或其他应用文体。
(3)确立人称。清晰把握作文的人称线条， 切不可上下矛盾， 混淆不清。
(4)确定时态和语态。弄清所要叙述的内容事实是已然、未然还是正在进行， 从而确立主体时态。
(5)看懂图意， 切中题意。正确理解图画的基本事实， 并根据每幅画之间的联系， 弄清要表达的主题和梗概。
(6)展开想象。仔细观察细节(图画中的人物、事件、地点、环境、时间、动作等), 依据图画细节对画面的内容加以想象、扩充或补充。
3．看图作文的基本步骤
(1)列出要点。明确写作的具体内容， 仔细寻找全部要点， 做到要点无遗漏。
(2)依据内容要点， 选择确立可供自己使用的熟悉词汇、短语和句型。做到 “不求难， 不求异， 只求准”。
(3)将要点译成基本句子。尽量用熟悉、简单的结构表达， 避免因用大量的长句和复合句而造成的语法错误。忌用汉语思维造句子。
(4)按一定的时间、空间及逻辑顺序或情节发展对基本句子进行有序的排列组合。
(5)适当增加细节， 运用适当的连接过渡词将句子连接成文。
(6)细心检查错漏：检查人称和主谓是否一致；检查时态和语态是否正确； 检查语句和措辞是否恰当；检查拼写和标点是否无误；检查内容要点是否齐全。
常用句式
1．开头句
Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...
2．衔接句
As we all know, .../As is known to all, .../It is well known that.../In my opinion, .../As far as I am concerned, .../This scene reminds me of something in my daily life.
3．结尾句
In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated...
写作要求
请根据下面四幅图画内容， 写一篇短文， 记述昨天发生在你叔叔身上的事。
注意：1.词数100左右。
2．参考词汇：吊销驾照 revoke a driving license
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
记叙文
话题
酒驾
时态
一般过去时为主
人称
第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①被邀请去……________________
②喝醉________________
③劝说某人不要做……________________
④坚持做……________________
⑤撞到……上________________
⑥罚款________________
答案：①be invited to... ②get drunk ③persuade sb.not to do... ④insist on doing... ⑤run into ⑥fine
2．句式
①他很高兴所以喝了很多酒。
一般表达：He was very glad, so he drank a lot of beers.
高级表达：(用so...that...改写上面的句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②他不听他们的话并且说没问题。
一般表达：He didn’t listen to them and said “No problem”．
高级表达：(用现在分词作伴随状语改写上面的句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③他在路上弯弯曲曲开着车， 就在这时， 车撞到了一棵树上。
一般表达：He wound his way on the road；just at that time, his car ran into a tall tree.
高级表达：(用be doing...when...改写上面的句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
④他被警察罚了款， 驾照也被吊销了。
一般表达：He was fined by the police and his driving license was revoked.
高级表达：(用with的复合结构改写上面的句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①He was so glad that he drank a lot of beers.
②He didn’t listen to them, saying “No problem”．
③He was winding his way on the road when his car ran into a tall tree.
④He was fined by the police, with his driving license revoked.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
My uncle will never forget what happened to him yesterday.
Yesterday evening my uncle was invited to dinner by his friends.He was so glad that he drank a lot of beers.As a result he got drunk.After the meal, his friends tried to persuade him not to drive home, but he didn’t listen to them, saying “No problem” and insisted on doing so.He got into the car and drove away.A few minutes later, he was winding his way on the road when his car ran into a tall tree.He was badly injured but still alive.The police came to the scene, and he was taken to hospital.Unfortunately, he had to stay in hospital for several days.Worse still he was fined by the police, with his driving license revoked.
How he regretted what he had done!
A卷 [学生用书P89(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．Could you tell me ____________ we are going for a picnic this Sunday?
答案：whether/if
2．The problem is ____________ we can make good preparations in such a short time.
答案：whether
3．I don’t know ____________ or not the report is true.
答案：whether
4．The news ____________ he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
答案：that/which
5．We believe that there is no doubt ____________ the meeting will be a great success.
答案：that
6．Energy is ____________ makes things work.
答案：what
7．Whether the sports meeting will be held next week depends on ____________ the weather will be fine.
答案：whether
8．The question is ____________ can complete the difficult task.
答案：who
9．____________ the Smiths will come to our school next week is a fact that we all know.
答案：That
10．It has been found ____________ plastics can widely be used in industries.
答案：that
阅读理解
During the 15th century, spices(香料) from India were very popular in Europe, however, the only way to travel from Europe to India was over land. This was a long and expensive trip. The King of Portugal realized if he could find a way to get to India by sailing on the ocean, he would become rich by trading spices in Europe. An explorer by the name of Bartolomeu Dias had discovered the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa. It was thought that there may be a way around the Cape and to the northeast towards India. However, many were skeptical and thought that the Indian Ocean did not connect with the Atlantic Ocean.
Vasco da Gama, who was born in 1460s to a wealthy Portuguese family in Sines, was given a fleet of ships by the king and told to discover a sea route around Africa to India. He was also told to look for other trading possibilities along the way.
Vasco da Gama left on his first voyage from Lisbon, Portugal, with four ships and 170 men on July 8, 1497. Gama and his men rounded the southern tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope on November 22. They then headed north up the coast of Africa. They stopped at trading ports along the way including Mombasa and Malindi. At Malindi(about 120 km northeast of Mombasa), they picked up a local pilot who knew the direction to India. With the help of a monsoon wind they were able to cross the Indian Ocean and arrive in Calicut, India, in less than a month(on May 20，1498). At Calicut, Vasco ran into serious trouble when trying to trade. He had brought little of value in his ships. This made the local traders doubtful of him and very soon he had to leave. The voyage back was disastrous. Around half of his men died from scurvy(坏血病) as the trip back took much longer because of the winds not blowing in his favor. However, when he returned home, he was still a hero. He had found the much needed trade route to India.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了葡萄牙探险家达·伽马第一次航行到印度的原因及过程。
1．What does the underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Worried. B．Doubtful.
C．Hopeful. D．Supportive.
B 解析：词义猜测题。由第一段中的there may be a way...towards India和画线词后的the Indian Ocean did not connect with the Atlantic Ocean可知，因为许多人认为印度洋与大西洋不相连，所以他们对绕过好望角有到达印度的路线这一想法持怀疑态度。
2．What was the main purpose of Vasco da Gama’s first voyage to India?
A．To take control of India.
B．To control the spice trade.
C．To find a trade route to India.
D．To bring back spices from India.
C 解析：细节理解题。第一段解释了葡萄牙国王派遣达·伽马出行的原因find a way to get to India...trading spices in Europe，再由第二段中的told to discover a sea route around Africa to India可知，达·伽马第一次航行到印度的目的是寻找一条贸易路线。
3．Which is the CORRECT route of Gama’s first voyage to India?
A．Sines→the Cape of Good Hope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.
B．Sines→the Cape of Good Hope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.
C．Lisbon→the Cape of Good Hope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.
D．Lisbon→the Cape of Good Hope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第三段描述达·伽马第一次从欧洲航海到印度的路线left on his first voyage from Lisbon...rounded...at the Cape of Good Hope...At Malindi(about 120 km northeast of Mombasa)．.. cross the Indian Ocean and arrive in Calicut可知答案。
4．What happened to Gama and his men when they stayed at Calicut?
A．Their trading was well-received.
B．Half of them got a serious illness.
C．They missed the best time to go back home.
D．They were considered unwelcome by the local traders.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的He had brought little of value...doubtful of him可知，到达Calicut之后，由于船上有价值的东西太少，因此达·伽马和他的船员们在那里不受当地商人的欢迎。
完形填空
Every year I write a letter to my daughter on her birthday.I fill it with __1__ things that happened to her on unpleasant days or happy days.I add to the letter photos and report cards that would have __2__ as the year passed.
I have a small __3__ in which I keep the things that I want to send my daughter.Every week, I __4__ short notes of what I can think of from the week’s events.When her birthday approaches, I __5__ that box and find it full of beautiful cards and __6__ memories.
__7__ the letter is written and all the treasures are put into the envelope, I seal(密封) it.It then becomes that year’s __8__ letter.On the envelope I always write: A letter to Ann from Daddy—to be opened when you’re twenty-one years old.It is a gift of __9__ from Dad to her daughter.It is a lasting __10__ of her life written as she was actually living it.
That tradition of __11__ her birthday letters is now one of my duties.As Ann grows __12__， I can see that it is a growing and __13__ part of her life, too.One day, we were talking about life in the __14__．It went like this: I jokingly told Ann that on her 61st birthday, she will be __15__ with her grandchildren and having fun with them; on her 31st birthday, she will be taking her own kids to school; on her 21st birthday, she will be __16__ university and will be offered a good job soon.“No，” she said, “I will be too busy __17__．”
One of my greatest __18__ is to be alive and present to __19__ that wonderful time in the future when those letters are __20__ and the accumulated(积累) love walks into her life.
1．A.strange B．unforgettable
C．terrible D．natural
B 解析：A.strange奇怪的； B．unforgettable难忘的； C．terrible可怕的； D．natural自然的。根据下文的： that happened to her on unpleasant days or happy days可知我在信中写一些在不愉快的或愉快的日子发生的难忘的事情， 所以选B。
2．A.arrived B．increased
C．disappeared D．remained
C 解析：A.arrived到达； B．increased增加； C．disappeared消失； D．remained仍然， 留下。根据as the year passed可知我也在信中加上一些随着时间流逝会消失的照片和报告单。所以选C。
3．A.bag B．box
C．basket D．pocket
B 解析：A.bag包； B．box盒子； C．basket篮子； D．pocket 口袋。根据下文： When her birthday approaches, I ______ that box and find it...可知作者有一个盒子，里面装的是想送给女儿的东西， 所以选B。
4．A.make B．send
C．leave D．get
A 解析：A.make制作； B．send派， 送； C．leave留下； D．get得到。每个星期我都会记录一些我能想到的一星期的事情。词组“make notes of记下”， 所以选A。
5．A.look for B．break down
C．fill in D．take out
D 解析：A.look for寻找； B．break down崩溃； C．fill in填写； D．take out拿出。根据下文： find it full of beautiful cards and ______ memories可知当生日临近的时候， 我就会将盒子拿出来， 所以选D。
6．A.sweet B．short
C．magical D．painful
A 解析：A.sweet甜美的； B．short短的； C．magical神奇的； D．painful痛苦的。根据上文的： Every week, I ______ short notes of what I can think of from the week’s events.可知我打开盒子发现它装满了美丽的卡片和甜蜜的记忆。所以选A。
7．A.While B．Once
C．Before D．Unless
B 解析：A.While然而； B．Once一旦； C．Before在……前面； D．Unless除非。一旦这个信写好了， 所有的宝贝被放进了信封， 我就将它们密封。所以选B。
8．A.business B．thank-you
C．Christmas D．birthday
D 解析：A.business生意； B．thank-you谢谢； C．Christmas圣诞节； D．birthday生日。根据下文的句子： when you’re twenty-one years old可知是生日信， 所以选D。
9．A.courage B．hope
C．love D．art
C 解析：A.courage勇气； B．hope希望； C．love爱； D．art 艺术。 根据下文的It is a lasting ______ of her life written as she was actually living it.可知这些信是爸爸对女儿的爱的表示， 所以选C。
10．A.peace B．friendship
C．record D．impression
C 解析：A.peace和平； B．friendship友谊； C．record记录； D．impression印象。这是她生活的永久的记录。所以选C。
11．A.writing B．posting
C．receiving D．answering
A 解析：A.writing写； B．posting邮寄； C．receiving接受； D．answering回答。根据上文： On the envelope I always write: A letter to Ann from Daddy可知写生日信的传统现在是我的责任之一， 所以选A。
12．A.older B．stronger
C．cleverer D．wilder
A 解析：A.older年长的； B．stronger更强大的； C．cleverer 更聪明的； D．wilder更野蛮的。根据下文的句子： I can see that it is a growing and ______ part of her life, too.可知是随着年龄的增长……所以选A。
13．A.early B．special
C．separate D．difficult
B 解析：A.early早的； B．special特殊的； C．separate分离的； D．difficult困难的。我可以看到这是她人生成长的特殊的部分， 所以选B。
14．A.school B．family
C．past D．future
D 解析：A.school学校； B．family家庭； C．past过去； D．future未来。根据下文： It went like this: I jokingly told Ann that on her 61st birthday 可知他们讨论未来的事情， 所以选D。
15．A.arguing B．meeting
C．playing D．sleeping
C 解析：A.arguing争论； B．meeting遇到； C．playing玩； D．sleeping睡觉。根据下文： having fun with them可知她可能和孙子玩耍， 所以选C。
16．A.studying at B．going to
C．teaching at D．graduating from
D 解析：A.studying at研究； B．going to去； C．teaching at教； D．graduating from毕业于。根据下文：and will be offered a good job soon可知21岁是要大学毕业了， 所以选D。
17．A.reading B．working
C．cooking D．learning
A 解析：A.reading阅读； B．working工作； C．cooking烹饪； D．learning学习。根据上文作者的女儿习惯读信， 所以这里表示她会忙于阅读， 所以选A。
18．A.worries B．abilities
C．successes D．wishes
D 解析：A.worries担心； B．abilities能力； C．successes成功； D．wishes愿望。我最大的愿望是未来能活着享受这些美好的时刻。所以选D。
19．A.make B．enjoy
C．remember D．tell
B 解析：A.make制作； B．enjoy享受； C．remember记得； D．tell告诉。根据下文的when those letters are ______ and the accumulated(积累) love walks into her life可知是享受这些美好的时刻。所以选B。
20．A.hidden B．shown
C．opened D．burnt
C 解析：A.hidden躲藏； B．shown展示； C．opened打开； D．burnt燃烧。这些信被打开，累积的爱走近她的生活。所以选C。
B卷 [学生用书P91(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
I wouldn’t
be surprised at all if you love doing sports. Sports are a very important part of human life. However, some are considered to be more dangerous, such as extreme sports. Because of the danger those sports can lead to, many people believe they should be banned(禁止). I strongly believe that extreme sports are not a danger and should not be banned. There are many reasons for letting them stay a part of our life. Firstly, extreme sports can increase confidence. Secondly, extreme sports challenge people and develop their skills. And last but not least, extreme sports can add to a person’s experience, determination and courage.
Some people say that extreme sports are much too risky, and there is always a danger of serious injury or even death. But if you want to remove risks, you will have to avoid many other human activities like driving and traveling by plane. Even crossing a road is dangerous!
Many popular sports in fact can make players injured easily. Football, basketball, gymnastics, figure skating and other sports can lead to bad results. Do you know that football is one of the most dangerous sports？A professional football player gets up to 200 injuries of different kinds every year! And the incidents where a player dies during the match are not very rare.
Sports do not just have positive physical effects, but they also have mental and social benefits for those who take part in them. I think that taking away elements of risk, danger, and challenge would leave all sports meaningless. Our society will be healthier if more people take part in all types of sports. Banning dangerous sports only limits the freedom of choosing from a wide range of sports that people should feel free to take part in.
Of course, if you want to take part in an extreme sport, you should always be well prepared. After all, safety comes first.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。极限运动有一定的风险性，很多人倡议禁止极限运动，但作者不赞成这样做。
1．Why does the author mention such activities as driving and traveling by plane?
A．To tell us to avoid such activities.
B．To show extreme sports are really risky.
C．To show risks are common in our daily life.
D．To tell us people’s attitudes toward extreme sports.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的But if you want to remove risks, you will have to avoid many other human activities like driving and traveling by plane. Even crossing a road is dangerous！可知，作者是想表明风险在我们的日常生活里很普遍。
2．Which of the following statements would the author agree with?
A．Football is highly dangerous.
B．Popular sports hardly make people injured.
C．Most people seldom realize the danger of extreme sports.
D．Professional football players know more about ways of avoiding injury.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Do you know that football is one of the most dangerous sports? A professional football player gets up to 200 injuries of different kinds every year! And the incidents where a player dies during the match are not very rare. 可推测，作者认为足球运动也很危险。
3．What’s the author’s attitude toward extreme sports?
A．Doubtful. B．Worried.
C．Negative. D．Positive.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据文章内容可知，作者认为极限运动不应该被禁止，因此他对极限运动持肯定的态度。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Should Extreme Sports Be Banned or Not?
B．Should Children Play Dangerous Sports?
C．How Do We Benefit from Risky Sports?
D．Why Do People Love Football?
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是围绕极限运动是否应该被禁止展开的。
B
On any given day, you can find most 10-year-old boys throwing a ball around outside, riding their bikes, or playing video games. But Braden Baker is different.
Braden is a hearing impaired(受损的) 5th-grader and has to wear hearing aids(助听器). Unluckily, Braden’s dog Chewy found his hearing aids on the floor and destroyed them—not once, but twice—and they had to be replaced. But at $3，500 to $6，000 a pair, Braden’s carelessness was costly.
Braden’s mother Ashley sat Braden down and had a long talk about taking better care of his hearing aids, explaining just how much they cost. “I told him that he was lucky we could buy another pair and that some people couldn’t afford a new pair，” Ashley said.
Those words clearly stuck in Braden’s mind, who realized that not every child who needed hearing aids could afford them. So recently, the 10-year-old took it upon himself to start a GoFundMe page to raise money for those who aren’t so lucky.
Braden made a video to explain why he wanted to raise money. Ashley said, “We weren’t really sure how it would turn out. He began with a goal of $1, 000. We woke up the next morning and found that it had raised $400.”
This encouraged him to start making even more videos. Fast-forward a few months and Braden’s GoFundMe page has raised over $15，000, which Braden donated to the Oticon Hearing Foundation. And that money will be used to help other families buy hearing aids for their children.
The project has not only taught Braden the value of money, but according to his mom，“he’s learned that if you put a small idea into action, amazing things can happen.”
As for Braden’s advice to those looking for ways to give back to others？“Don’t give up！Any small idea can get really big.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了10岁的听障男孩发起筹资网页，帮助贫困听障儿童购买助听器的故事。
5．Why did Braden change his hearing aids?
A．He wanted a better pair of hearing aids.
B．The old pairs were destroyed by his dog.
C．His hearing problem became more serious.
D．He lost the old pairs because of his carelessness.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段的第二句可知，Braden的狗找到并弄坏了他的助听器。
6．What has led to Braden starting a GoFundMe page?
A．His mother’s words about the usefulness of hearing aids.
B．His mother’s encouragement for him to do good things.
C．His wish to help poor children with hearing problems.
D．His need to buy a new pair of hearing aids.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Braden’s mind，who realized that ... raise money for those who aren’t so lucky 可知，Braden了解到有些听障儿童买不起助听器，因此他想筹资帮助这些孩子。
7．How did Braden and his mother feel when the page was started?
A．Uncertain. B．Satisfied.
C．Hopeful. D．Unexpected.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的We weren’t really sure how it would turn out.可知，一开始发起筹资网页时，Braden和妈妈都不确定结果会怎样。
8．What has Braden learned from working on the project?
A．One should always use money smartly.
B．A small idea can make a big difference.
C．Videoing is a good way to reach people.
D．It’s important to dream big and hold on to it.
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的he’s learned that if you ...things can happen 可知，Braden 通过筹资学到一件事：将小小的想法付诸行动，会有很棒的结果出现。
C
You’ll be likely to become angry if you don’t get a good night’s sleep, a new paper reports. Cutting a few hours of sleep out of your schedule isn’t as good an idea as it may appear. Researchers at the Iowa State University report that missing sleep will make you angrier, leaving you ill-equipped to deal with uneasy situations. This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger.
The link between lack(短缺)of sleep and negative moods (anger included) has been proved in past research, but the problem is that we know that the two come together, but not that whether one causes the other. In the current study, Krizan and co-author Garrett Hisler, an ISU doctoral student, deal with this question.
Under the study, volunteers were divided into two groups. The control group followed their normal sleep routine, while the experimental group cut two to four hours of sleep each night for two nights. On average, the control group got almost seven hours of sleep a night, while the experimental group got about four and a half hours each night.
In order to measure anger, they had volunteers visit the lab before and after the sleep manipulation(操纵). All the while, they were asked to listen to some unpleasant brown and white noise. Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions.
“In general, anger was much higher for those whose sleep was restricted(限制)，”Krizan said. “We manipulated how unpleasant the noise was during the task. As expected, volunteers reported more anger when the noise was more unpleasant. When sleep was restricted, people reported even more anger, regardless of the noise.”
Sleep loss is known to increase negative moods, such as anxiety and sadness, and decrease positive moods, such as happiness and excitement. However, the team says they found that sleep loss uniquely affected anger.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。大家都知道睡眠不足和坏情绪之间有联系，但是之前的研究都没有表明到底是睡眠不足引起了愤怒，还是愤怒引起了睡眠不足。最新的一项研究给出了答案。
9．What did the study mentioned find out?
A．Some disadvantages of sleeping less.
B．Some signs of having poor-quality sleep.
C．The link between lack of sleep and negative moods.
D．The cause-effect relationship between sleep loss and anger.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger. 以及第二段内容可知，文中提到的这项研究是发现了睡眠不足和怒气之间的因果关系。
10．What’s the purpose of asking the volunteers to listen to unpleasant noise?
A．To make them angry.
B．To make them awake.
C．To take their attention away.
D．To affect their thinking ability.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的In order to measure anger 和Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions. 以及后面的实验结果可推测，这个实验中的噪音主要是想提供一个令人不舒服的环境，激起志愿者们的怒气。
11．From what Krizan said, we know ________．
A．the reasons for the study
B．the findings of the study
C．the process of the study
D．the method used in the study
B 解析：推理判断题。从倒数第二段Krizan说的话中，我们可以知道关于这项研究的一些发现。
书面表达
根据图画写一篇短文， 叙述某天小明与其妈妈发生的故事。
①妈妈阻止儿子去扶摔倒的女孩；②儿子对于倒了的油瓶置之不理。
要求：1.不仅要表述出图中的内容， 还要发表自己的感想；
2．词数：100左右；
3．开头已给出， 不计入总词数。
One day, Xiao Ming saw a little girl fall over.He wanted to help the girl up, but his mother stopped him and said, __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
One_day,_Xiao_Ming_saw_a_little_girl_fall_over.He_wanted_to_help_the_girl_up,_but_his_mother_stopped_him_and_said,_ “Don’t do that; otherwise others will think it was you who knocked her down.” A few days later, the mother was shocked to see Xiao Ming just let the fallen oil bottle be.And Xiao Ming said to his mother, “If I did something about the bottle, you would think that it was I who knocked it over.”
I disagree with what the mother did in the story.I think parents should not only care for their children’s health, but their minds.They should let their children know it is a pleasure to help others who are in trouble.We live in the society which is a big family for all of us.
Everyone should do something good to build up our society, right?
课件51张PPT。Unit 1 The world of our senses本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷 [学生用书P89(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．Could you tell me ____________ we are going for a picnic this Sunday?
答案：whether/if
2．The problem is ____________ we can make good preparations in such a short time.
答案：whether
3．I don’t know ____________ or not the report is true.
答案：whether
4．The news ____________ he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
答案：that/which
5．We believe that there is no doubt ____________ the meeting will be a great success.
答案：that
6．Energy is ____________ makes things work.
答案：what
7．Whether the sports meeting will be held next week depends on ____________ the weather will be fine.
答案：whether
8．The question is ____________ can complete the difficult task.
答案：who
9．____________ the Smiths will come to our school next week is a fact that we all know.
答案：That
10．It has been found ____________ plastics can widely be used in industries.
答案：that
阅读理解
During the 15th century, spices(香料) from India were very popular in Europe, however, the only way to travel from Europe to India was over land. This was a long and expensive trip. The King of Portugal realized if he could find a way to get to India by sailing on the ocean, he would become rich by trading spices in Europe. An explorer by the name of Bartolomeu Dias had discovered the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa. It was thought that there may be a way around the Cape and to the northeast towards India. However, many were skeptical and thought that the Indian Ocean did not connect with the Atlantic Ocean.
Vasco da Gama, who was born in 1460s to a wealthy Portuguese family in Sines, was given a fleet of ships by the king and told to discover a sea route around Africa to India. He was also told to look for other trading possibilities along the way.
Vasco da Gama left on his first voyage from Lisbon, Portugal, with four ships and 170 men on July 8, 1497. Gama and his men rounded the southern tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope on November 22. They then headed north up the coast of Africa. They stopped at trading ports along the way including Mombasa and Malindi. At Malindi(about 120 km northeast of Mombasa), they picked up a local pilot who knew the direction to India. With the help of a monsoon wind they were able to cross the Indian Ocean and arrive in Calicut, India, in less than a month(on May 20，1498). At Calicut, Vasco ran into serious trouble when trying to trade. He had brought little of value in his ships. This made the local traders doubtful of him and very soon he had to leave. The voyage back was disastrous. Around half of his men died from scurvy(坏血病) as the trip back took much longer because of the winds not blowing in his favor. However, when he returned home, he was still a hero. He had found the much needed trade route to India.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了葡萄牙探险家达·伽马第一次航行到印度的原因及过程。
1．What does the underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Worried. B．Doubtful.
C．Hopeful. D．Supportive.
B 解析：词义猜测题。由第一段中的there may be a way...towards India和画线词后的the Indian Ocean did not connect with the Atlantic Ocean可知，因为许多人认为印度洋与大西洋不相连，所以他们对绕过好望角有到达印度的路线这一想法持怀疑态度。
2．What was the main purpose of Vasco da Gama’s first voyage to India?
A．To take control of India.
B．To control the spice trade.
C．To find a trade route to India.
D．To bring back spices from India.
C 解析：细节理解题。第一段解释了葡萄牙国王派遣达·伽马出行的原因find a way to get to India...trading spices in Europe，再由第二段中的told to discover a sea route around Africa to India可知，达·伽马第一次航行到印度的目的是寻找一条贸易路线。
3．Which is the CORRECT route of Gama’s first voyage to India?
A．Sines→the Cape of Good Hope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.
B．Sines→the Cape of Good Hope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.
C．Lisbon→the Cape of Good Hope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.
D．Lisbon→the Cape of Good Hope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第三段描述达·伽马第一次从欧洲航海到印度的路线left on his first voyage from Lisbon...rounded...at the Cape of Good Hope...At Malindi(about 120 km northeast of Mombasa)．.. cross the Indian Ocean and arrive in Calicut可知答案。
4．What happened to Gama and his men when they stayed at Calicut?
A．Their trading was well-received.
B．Half of them got a serious illness.
C．They missed the best time to go back home.
D．They were considered unwelcome by the local traders.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的He had brought little of value...doubtful of him可知，到达Calicut之后，由于船上有价值的东西太少，因此达·伽马和他的船员们在那里不受当地商人的欢迎。
完形填空
Every year I write a letter to my daughter on her birthday.I fill it with __1__ things that happened to her on unpleasant days or happy days.I add to the letter photos and report cards that would have __2__ as the year passed.
I have a small __3__ in which I keep the things that I want to send my daughter.Every week, I __4__ short notes of what I can think of from the week’s events.When her birthday approaches, I __5__ that box and find it full of beautiful cards and __6__ memories.
__7__ the letter is written and all the treasures are put into the envelope, I seal(密封) it.It then becomes that year’s __8__ letter.On the envelope I always write: A letter to Ann from Daddy—to be opened when you’re twenty-one years old.It is a gift of __9__ from Dad to her daughter.It is a lasting __10__ of her life written as she was actually living it.
That tradition of __11__ her birthday letters is now one of my duties.As Ann grows __12__， I can see that it is a growing and __13__ part of her life, too.One day, we were talking about life in the __14__．It went like this: I jokingly told Ann that on her 61st birthday, she will be __15__ with her grandchildren and having fun with them; on her 31st birthday, she will be taking her own kids to school; on her 21st birthday, she will be __16__ university and will be offered a good job soon.“No，” she said, “I will be too busy __17__．”
One of my greatest __18__ is to be alive and present to __19__ that wonderful time in the future when those letters are __20__ and the accumulated(积累) love walks into her life.
1．A.strange B．unforgettable
C．terrible D．natural
B 解析：A.strange奇怪的； B．unforgettable难忘的； C．terrible可怕的； D．natural自然的。根据下文的： that happened to her on unpleasant days or happy days可知我在信中写一些在不愉快的或愉快的日子发生的难忘的事情， 所以选B。
2．A.arrived B．increased
C．disappeared D．remained
C 解析：A.arrived到达； B．increased增加； C．disappeared消失； D．remained仍然， 留下。根据as the year passed可知我也在信中加上一些随着时间流逝会消失的照片和报告单。所以选C。
3．A.bag B．box
C．basket D．pocket
B 解析：A.bag包； B．box盒子； C．basket篮子； D．pocket 口袋。根据下文： When her birthday approaches, I ______ that box and find it...可知作者有一个盒子，里面装的是想送给女儿的东西， 所以选B。
4．A.make B．send
C．leave D．get
A 解析：A.make制作； B．send派， 送； C．leave留下； D．get得到。每个星期我都会记录一些我能想到的一星期的事情。词组“make notes of记下”， 所以选A。
5．A.look for B．break down
C．fill in D．take out
D 解析：A.look for寻找； B．break down崩溃； C．fill in填写； D．take out拿出。根据下文： find it full of beautiful cards and ______ memories可知当生日临近的时候， 我就会将盒子拿出来， 所以选D。
6．A.sweet B．short
C．magical D．painful
A 解析：A.sweet甜美的； B．short短的； C．magical神奇的； D．painful痛苦的。根据上文的： Every week, I ______ short notes of what I can think of from the week’s events.可知我打开盒子发现它装满了美丽的卡片和甜蜜的记忆。所以选A。
7．A.While B．Once
C．Before D．Unless
B 解析：A.While然而； B．Once一旦； C．Before在……前面； D．Unless除非。一旦这个信写好了， 所有的宝贝被放进了信封， 我就将它们密封。所以选B。
8．A.business B．thank-you
C．Christmas D．birthday
D 解析：A.business生意； B．thank-you谢谢； C．Christmas圣诞节； D．birthday生日。根据下文的句子： when you’re twenty-one years old可知是生日信， 所以选D。
9．A.courage B．hope
C．love D．art
C 解析：A.courage勇气； B．hope希望； C．love爱； D．art 艺术。 根据下文的It is a lasting ______ of her life written as she was actually living it.可知这些信是爸爸对女儿的爱的表示， 所以选C。
10．A.peace B．friendship
C．record D．impression
C 解析：A.peace和平； B．friendship友谊； C．record记录； D．impression印象。这是她生活的永久的记录。所以选C。
11．A.writing B．posting
C．receiving D．answering
A 解析：A.writing写； B．posting邮寄； C．receiving接受； D．answering回答。根据上文： On the envelope I always write: A letter to Ann from Daddy可知写生日信的传统现在是我的责任之一， 所以选A。
12．A.older B．stronger
C．cleverer D．wilder
A 解析：A.older年长的； B．stronger更强大的； C．cleverer 更聪明的； D．wilder更野蛮的。根据下文的句子： I can see that it is a growing and ______ part of her life, too.可知是随着年龄的增长……所以选A。
13．A.early B．special
C．separate D．difficult
B 解析：A.early早的； B．special特殊的； C．separate分离的； D．difficult困难的。我可以看到这是她人生成长的特殊的部分， 所以选B。
14．A.school B．family
C．past D．future
D 解析：A.school学校； B．family家庭； C．past过去； D．future未来。根据下文： It went like this: I jokingly told Ann that on her 61st birthday 可知他们讨论未来的事情， 所以选D。
15．A.arguing B．meeting
C．playing D．sleeping
C 解析：A.arguing争论； B．meeting遇到； C．playing玩； D．sleeping睡觉。根据下文： having fun with them可知她可能和孙子玩耍， 所以选C。
16．A.studying at B．going to
C．teaching at D．graduating from
D 解析：A.studying at研究； B．going to去； C．teaching at教； D．graduating from毕业于。根据下文：and will be offered a good job soon可知21岁是要大学毕业了， 所以选D。
17．A.reading B．working
C．cooking D．learning
A 解析：A.reading阅读； B．working工作； C．cooking烹饪； D．learning学习。根据上文作者的女儿习惯读信， 所以这里表示她会忙于阅读， 所以选A。
18．A.worries B．abilities
C．successes D．wishes
D 解析：A.worries担心； B．abilities能力； C．successes成功； D．wishes愿望。我最大的愿望是未来能活着享受这些美好的时刻。所以选D。
19．A.make B．enjoy
C．remember D．tell
B 解析：A.make制作； B．enjoy享受； C．remember记得； D．tell告诉。根据下文的when those letters are ______ and the accumulated(积累) love walks into her life可知是享受这些美好的时刻。所以选B。
20．A.hidden B．shown
C．opened D．burnt
C 解析：A.hidden躲藏； B．shown展示； C．opened打开； D．burnt燃烧。这些信被打开，累积的爱走近她的生活。所以选C。
B卷 [学生用书P91(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
I wouldn’t
be surprised at all if you love doing sports. Sports are a very important part of human life. However, some are considered to be more dangerous, such as extreme sports. Because of the danger those sports can lead to, many people believe they should be banned(禁止). I strongly believe that extreme sports are not a danger and should not be banned. There are many reasons for letting them stay a part of our life. Firstly, extreme sports can increase confidence. Secondly, extreme sports challenge people and develop their skills. And last but not least, extreme sports can add to a person’s experience, determination and courage.
Some people say that extreme sports are much too risky, and there is always a danger of serious injury or even death. But if you want to remove risks, you will have to avoid many other human activities like driving and traveling by plane. Even crossing a road is dangerous!
Many popular sports in fact can make players injured easily. Football, basketball, gymnastics, figure skating and other sports can lead to bad results. Do you know that football is one of the most dangerous sports？A professional football player gets up to 200 injuries of different kinds every year! And the incidents where a player dies during the match are not very rare.
Sports do not just have positive physical effects, but they also have mental and social benefits for those who take part in them. I think that taking away elements of risk, danger, and challenge would leave all sports meaningless. Our society will be healthier if more people take part in all types of sports. Banning dangerous sports only limits the freedom of choosing from a wide range of sports that people should feel free to take part in.
Of course, if you want to take part in an extreme sport, you should always be well prepared. After all, safety comes first.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。极限运动有一定的风险性，很多人倡议禁止极限运动，但作者不赞成这样做。
1．Why does the author mention such activities as driving and traveling by plane?
A．To tell us to avoid such activities.
B．To show extreme sports are really risky.
C．To show risks are common in our daily life.
D．To tell us people’s attitudes toward extreme sports.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的But if you want to remove risks, you will have to avoid many other human activities like driving and traveling by plane. Even crossing a road is dangerous！可知，作者是想表明风险在我们的日常生活里很普遍。
2．Which of the following statements would the author agree with?
A．Football is highly dangerous.
B．Popular sports hardly make people injured.
C．Most people seldom realize the danger of extreme sports.
D．Professional football players know more about ways of avoiding injury.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Do you know that football is one of the most dangerous sports? A professional football player gets up to 200 injuries of different kinds every year! And the incidents where a player dies during the match are not very rare. 可推测，作者认为足球运动也很危险。
3．What’s the author’s attitude toward extreme sports?
A．Doubtful. B．Worried.
C．Negative. D．Positive.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据文章内容可知，作者认为极限运动不应该被禁止，因此他对极限运动持肯定的态度。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Should Extreme Sports Be Banned or Not?
B．Should Children Play Dangerous Sports?
C．How Do We Benefit from Risky Sports?
D．Why Do People Love Football?
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是围绕极限运动是否应该被禁止展开的。
B
On any given day, you can find most 10-year-old boys throwing a ball around outside, riding their bikes, or playing video games. But Braden Baker is different.
Braden is a hearing impaired(受损的) 5th-grader and has to wear hearing aids(助听器). Unluckily, Braden’s dog Chewy found his hearing aids on the floor and destroyed them—not once, but twice—and they had to be replaced. But at $3，500 to $6，000 a pair, Braden’s carelessness was costly.
Braden’s mother Ashley sat Braden down and had a long talk about taking better care of his hearing aids, explaining just how much they cost. “I told him that he was lucky we could buy another pair and that some people couldn’t afford a new pair，” Ashley said.
Those words clearly stuck in Braden’s mind, who realized that not every child who needed hearing aids could afford them. So recently, the 10-year-old took it upon himself to start a GoFundMe page to raise money for those who aren’t so lucky.
Braden made a video to explain why he wanted to raise money. Ashley said, “We weren’t really sure how it would turn out. He began with a goal of $1, 000. We woke up the next morning and found that it had raised $400.”
This encouraged him to start making even more videos. Fast-forward a few months and Braden’s GoFundMe page has raised over $15，000, which Braden donated to the Oticon Hearing Foundation. And that money will be used to help other families buy hearing aids for their children.
The project has not only taught Braden the value of money, but according to his mom，“he’s learned that if you put a small idea into action, amazing things can happen.”
As for Braden’s advice to those looking for ways to give back to others？“Don’t give up！Any small idea can get really big.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了10岁的听障男孩发起筹资网页，帮助贫困听障儿童购买助听器的故事。
5．Why did Braden change his hearing aids?
A．He wanted a better pair of hearing aids.
B．The old pairs were destroyed by his dog.
C．His hearing problem became more serious.
D．He lost the old pairs because of his carelessness.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段的第二句可知，Braden的狗找到并弄坏了他的助听器。
6．What has led to Braden starting a GoFundMe page?
A．His mother’s words about the usefulness of hearing aids.
B．His mother’s encouragement for him to do good things.
C．His wish to help poor children with hearing problems.
D．His need to buy a new pair of hearing aids.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Braden’s mind，who realized that ... raise money for those who aren’t so lucky 可知，Braden了解到有些听障儿童买不起助听器，因此他想筹资帮助这些孩子。
7．How did Braden and his mother feel when the page was started?
A．Uncertain. B．Satisfied.
C．Hopeful. D．Unexpected.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的We weren’t really sure how it would turn out.可知，一开始发起筹资网页时，Braden和妈妈都不确定结果会怎样。
8．What has Braden learned from working on the project?
A．One should always use money smartly.
B．A small idea can make a big difference.
C．Videoing is a good way to reach people.
D．It’s important to dream big and hold on to it.
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的he’s learned that if you ...things can happen 可知，Braden 通过筹资学到一件事：将小小的想法付诸行动，会有很棒的结果出现。
C
You’ll be likely to become angry if you don’t get a good night’s sleep, a new paper reports. Cutting a few hours of sleep out of your schedule isn’t as good an idea as it may appear. Researchers at the Iowa State University report that missing sleep will make you angrier, leaving you ill-equipped to deal with uneasy situations. This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger.
The link between lack(短缺)of sleep and negative moods (anger included) has been proved in past research, but the problem is that we know that the two come together, but not that whether one causes the other. In the current study, Krizan and co-author Garrett Hisler, an ISU doctoral student, deal with this question.
Under the study, volunteers were divided into two groups. The control group followed their normal sleep routine, while the experimental group cut two to four hours of sleep each night for two nights. On average, the control group got almost seven hours of sleep a night, while the experimental group got about four and a half hours each night.
In order to measure anger, they had volunteers visit the lab before and after the sleep manipulation(操纵). All the while, they were asked to listen to some unpleasant brown and white noise. Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions.
“In general, anger was much higher for those whose sleep was restricted(限制)，”Krizan said. “We manipulated how unpleasant the noise was during the task. As expected, volunteers reported more anger when the noise was more unpleasant. When sleep was restricted, people reported even more anger, regardless of the noise.”
Sleep loss is known to increase negative moods, such as anxiety and sadness, and decrease positive moods, such as happiness and excitement. However, the team says they found that sleep loss uniquely affected anger.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。大家都知道睡眠不足和坏情绪之间有联系，但是之前的研究都没有表明到底是睡眠不足引起了愤怒，还是愤怒引起了睡眠不足。最新的一项研究给出了答案。
9．What did the study mentioned find out?
A．Some disadvantages of sleeping less.
B．Some signs of having poor-quality sleep.
C．The link between lack of sleep and negative moods.
D．The cause-effect relationship between sleep loss and anger.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger. 以及第二段内容可知，文中提到的这项研究是发现了睡眠不足和怒气之间的因果关系。
10．What’s the purpose of asking the volunteers to listen to unpleasant noise?
A．To make them angry.
B．To make them awake.
C．To take their attention away.
D．To affect their thinking ability.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的In order to measure anger 和Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions. 以及后面的实验结果可推测，这个实验中的噪音主要是想提供一个令人不舒服的环境，激起志愿者们的怒气。
11．From what Krizan said, we know ________．
A．the reasons for the study
B．the findings of the study
C．the process of the study
D．the method used in the study
B 解析：推理判断题。从倒数第二段Krizan说的话中，我们可以知道关于这项研究的一些发现。
书面表达
根据图画写一篇短文， 叙述某天小明与其妈妈发生的故事。
①妈妈阻止儿子去扶摔倒的女孩；②儿子对于倒了的油瓶置之不理。
要求：1.不仅要表述出图中的内容， 还要发表自己的感想；
2．词数：100左右；
3．开头已给出， 不计入总词数。
One day, Xiao Ming saw a little girl fall over.He wanted to help the girl up, but his mother stopped him and said, __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
One_day,_Xiao_Ming_saw_a_little_girl_fall_over.He_wanted_to_help_the_girl_up,_but_his_mother_stopped_him_and_said,_ “Don’t do that; otherwise others will think it was you who knocked her down.” A few days later, the mother was shocked to see Xiao Ming just let the fallen oil bottle be.And Xiao Ming said to his mother, “If I did something about the bottle, you would think that it was I who knocked it over.”
I disagree with what the mother did in the story.I think parents should not only care for their children’s health, but their minds.They should let their children know it is a pleasure to help others who are in trouble.We live in the society which is a big family for all of us.
Everyone should do something good to build up our society, right?
重点单词
1．observe vt. 观察； 注意到； 评论
observe sb.do sth. 观察某人做某事(全过程)
observe sb.doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事
observe that．.. 观察……
2．narrow adj. 狭窄的
3．approach vi.&vt. 靠近；着手处理
n. 靠近； 方法； 路径
4．hesitate vi. 犹豫， 迟疑不决
(1)hesitate to_do sth.迟疑做某事； 不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.
(做)某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n． 踌躇； 犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地，立即
have no hesitation in doing sth.
毫不犹豫地做某事
5．grateful adj. 感激的， 表示感谢的
6．reduce vt.&vi. 减少
7．volunteer n. 志愿者
vi.&vt. 自愿做， 义务做
8．recognize vt. 认识， 辨认出； 意识到；
(正式)承认
9．sweat vi. 流汗
n. 汗水
10．distance n. 距离； 远处
(1)in the distance 在远处
from a distance 从远处
at a distance (of) 在……远的地方， 距离稍远
(2)keep a/one’s distance (from)
(与……)保持距离
keep sb.at a distance
对某人冷淡， 与某人疏远， 与某人保持一定距离
(3)distant_adj. 遥远的； 远处的
11．whisper vi.&vt. 小声说； 私下说
12．attract vt. 吸引
13．panic vi.&n. 惊慌， 恐慌
14．loose adj. 松动的， 松开的；宽松的
vt. 松开， 释放
15．forecast vt.&n. 预测， 预报
16．ignore vt. 忽视； 对……不予理会
ignorance n. 无知
ignorant adj. 无知的； 没注意的
17．anxious adj. 焦虑， 忧虑
anxiously adv. 忧虑不安地
anxiety n. 忧虑，担心
18．relief n. 轻松， 宽慰
relieve vt. 减轻， 解除
relieved adj. 放心的； 放松的
19．hopeful adj. 抱有希望的
hopefully adv. 怀有希望地
hope v．&n. 希望
20．attach vt. 使连在一起， 把……附在……上； 认为……重要
attached adj. 附属的； 依恋的
attachment n. 附件； 附属物； 忠诚； 依恋
重点短语
1．glance_at 扫视；一瞥
2．in_sight 看得到， 在视力范围之内
3．reach_out 伸出(手)
4．in_relief 宽慰地，轻松地
5．stare_at 凝视
6．watch_out_for 留心， 密切注意
7．in_the_distance 在远处
8．roll_up 卷起来
9．contrary_to... 和……相反
10．warm_up (使)暖和起来；(使)热身
11．pay_back 报答；偿还
12．be_linked_to 和……有联系
重点句型
1．find oneself＋现在分词(作补语)
Polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.
【仿写】 当他醒来时， 发现自己躺在一个小山脚下。
When he woke up, he found_himself_lying at the foot of a hill.
2．动词＋sb./sth.＋介词＋the＋身体的部位
Hit the shark on the nose with your fist.
【仿写】 杰克不知道为什么他爸爸给了他一耳光。
Jack wondered why his father hit_him_in_the_face．
3. “倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than” 结构
...you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
【仿写】 这座桥的长度是那座桥的三倍。
This bridge is twice_longer_than_that_one．
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文， 并背诵成文。
1．现在很多志愿者举行各种各样的活动帮助残疾人。(volunteer; disability)
2．他们希望他们的行为能吸引更多人。(attract)
3．他们也希望更多的公司能够雇佣残疾人， 避免残疾人被忽略。(employ; ignore)
4．与此同时， 残疾人也会对他们的帮助表示感激。(be grateful to)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Now many volunteers hold all kinds of activities to aid people with disability.They hope their actions will attract more people and that more companies will employ the disabled to avoid them being ignored.At the same time, the disabled are grateful to them for their help.
课件16张PPT。observedoingthatnarrowapproachhesitateto dohesitationwithoutingratefulreducevolunteerrecognizesweatdistance infrom atat distantwhisper attract paniclooseforecast ignore ignoranceanxious anxiouslyreliefrelieved hopefulhopefully attachattachedglance at in sightreach outin reliefstare atwatch out forin the distanceroll upcontrary to...warm uppay backbe linked tofound himself lyinghit him in the facetwice longer than that one本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
