当今社会， 一个人会讲两、三种语言已不再是什么稀奇的事。但你有没有思考过这样一个问题：世界上到底有多少种语言？ 读完下面的短文， 会让你大吃一惊。
When people are asked how many languages they think there are in the world, the answers vary quite a bit.One random(随意的)sampling of New Yorkers, for instance, resulted in answers like “probably several hundred”．However we choose to count them, though, this is not close.When we look at reference works, we find estimates(估计) that have escalated (上升) over time.The 1911(11th)edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica(大英百科全书), for example, implies a figure somewhere around 1，000, a number that climbs steadily over the course of the twentieth century.
That is not due to any increase in the number of languages, but rather to our increased understanding of how many languages are actually spoken in areas that had previously been under-described.Much pioneering work in proving the languages of the world has been done by missionary(传教的) organizations(such as the Summer Institute of Linguistics)with an interest in translating the Christian Bible(圣经)．As of 1997, at least a portion of the Bible had been translated into 2，197 different languages, still a long way short of full coverage.The most extensive catalog(目录) of the world’s languages, generally taken to be as authoritative(权威的) as any, is that of the Ethnology(人类学) organization, whose detailed classified list currently includes 6，809 distinct languages.
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
1．defeat vt. 击败， 战胜
2．replace vt. 替换， 代替， 取代
3．raise vt. 养育， 培养；举起；增加，提高；
筹募； 提及
4．therefore adv. 因此， 所以
5．process n. 过程；进程
6．distinction n. 区别， 差别
7．accent n. 口音， 腔调；着重点
8．occupy vt.占领；占用(时间、 空间等)→occupation n．职业；占有；消遣；居住
9．mixture n．混合， 混合体→mix v．混合；掺入；合成；融合
10．official adj.官方的， 正式的→officially adv.官方地；正式地；公务上→officer n．官员；高级职员；警官；军官
11．contribution n．贡献，促成因素；捐赠→contribute vt.捐助；投稿
12．entire adj.完全的，整个的→entirely adv.完全地；全部地
1．be_made_up_of/consist_of 由……组成(构成)
2．name_after 以……命名
3．aside_from 除……之外
4．make_contributions_to 对……做出贡献
5．take_control_of 控制， 取得对……的控制
6．lead_to 导致
7．replace...with... 用……替代……
8．mother_tongue 母语， 本国语
9．go_through 经历
10．keep_on 持续
1．why引导的表语从句
That is why_English_has_so_many_difficult_rules(为什么英语有这么多很难的规则) that confuse people.
2．even though引导让步状语从句
Even_though_the_Normans_spoke_French(尽管诺曼人讲法语) for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the first language.
3．do/did强调谓语动词
On the other hand, the English language did_borrow(的确借用了) many words from French.
4．while连接两个并列成分
After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while(然而) common people spoke English.
5．whether引导宾语从句
The question of whether_English_will_keep_on_changing(英语是否会继续变化) in the future is easy to answer.
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Celtic was ________．
A．spoken by Germans in the middle of 5th century
B．one of the two Germanic tribes who invaded Britain
C．the language used in Britain before the middle of the 5th century
D．called Old English
2．Old English consisted of different languages used by different people.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
A．The Angles and the Saxons.
B．The Vikings.
C．French.
D．Celtic.
3．Which language had an important effect on the English language during Middle English period?
A．German. B．French.
C．Latin. D．Greek.
4．From the text, we can learn that ________．
A．the plural forms of man and child were borrowed from French
B．the Angles and the Saxons made the greatest contribution in the history of English
C．Old English was made up of Celtic and the language of the Angles and the Saxons
D．English has many words and phrases with similar meanings which came from different languages
答案：1－4.CCBD
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.
The most important contribution was from the Normans是主干句； a French-speaking people是 ____________；who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066是who引导的________从句。
[尝试翻译] 最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人， 他们在1066年击败了英格兰____________________。
答案：同位语；定语；并控制了这个国家
2．The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer.
本句的主干句是The question is easy to answer, 句中的is easy to answer为主动形式表________， 不定式与主语之间为逻辑上的________关系； whether English will keep on changing in the future 是whether引导的________从句。
[尝试翻译] 英语是否会在将来继续变化这个问题________________。
答案：被动；动宾；宾语；是容易回答的
English and its history
All through① history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English language is made up of② the grammar and vocabulary③ these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people ④.
①all through一直，从来就
②be made up of由……组成(构成)
make up编造；构成；弥补(for)；和解；化妆
③vocabulary[v?'k?bj?l?rI]n.词汇
these people brought to Britain是定语从句，修饰先行词
the grammar and vocabulary，关系代词省略了。
④why 引导表语从句，其中又包含that引导的定语从句。
英语及其历史
有史以来，在不列颠共同生活着来自许多不同国家和文化背景的人们。英语是由进入不列颠的这些人所说的语言的语法和词汇构成的。这就是为什么英语有这么多很难的困惑人们的规则的原因。
Old English
Old English is very different from⑤ the English we speak nowadays⑥. In fact⑦， we would not be able to under-stand it if we heard it today. Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic⑧. Then two Germanic⑨ groups from the European mainlandB10—the Angles? and the Saxons?—occupied? Britain. Old English consisted of?a mixture? of their languages. (Both the English language and the English people are named after? the Angles；the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.) Aside from? place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. At the end of? the 9th century, the Vikings?， people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway?， began to move to Britain. They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English(. By the 10th century, Old English had become the official( language of England.
When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words of phrases( to use. This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages(, but with similar meanings. For example(, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons(，while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians(.
⑤be different from...与……不同
⑥nowadays['na??deIz]adv.现在，如今
⑦in fact事实上
⑧Celtic['keltIk]n.凯尔特语
⑨Germanic[d???'m?nIk]adj.日耳曼语(族)的
mainland['meInl?nd]n.大陆
?Angle['??ɡl]n.盎格鲁人 ?Saxon['s?ksn]n.撒克逊人
?occupy['?kj?paI]vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)
?consist of由……组成(构成)(＝be made up of)，无被动语态。consist[k?n'sIst]vi.组成，构成
?mixture['mIkst??(r)]n.混合，混合体
?name after以……命名
?aside from除……之外 aside[?'saId]adv.除……之外
?at the end of...在……末
?Viking['vaIkI?]n.维京人，北欧海盗
?people from...and Norway是the Vikings的同位语。
which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰languages。
official[?'fI?l]adj.官方的，正式的
phrase[freIz]n.词组，短语
This is because...“这是因为……”，because引导表语从句。其中介词短语from different languages作定语，修饰words and phrases。
for example例如
过去分词短语once used by...作后置定语，修饰a word。
while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表对比。
古英语
古英语和现在我们说的英语非常不同。事实上，如果我们今天听到古英语，会听不懂。公元5世纪中叶以前，不列颠所有的人都说一种叫凯尔特语的语言。然后，来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。古英语是由他们语言的混合体组成的。(英语和英国人都是按照盎格鲁人来命名的；Angle这个词在古英语里拼作Engle。)除了像伦敦这样的地名之外，很少有几个凯尔特语词汇成为古英语的一部分。在9世纪末，来自北欧诸国例如丹麦和挪威的维京人开始向不列颠移居。他们带来了他们的语言，这些语言也与古英语交汇在了一起。到了10世纪，古英语已成为英格兰的官方语言。
现在，当我们讲英语时，我们有时会对用哪些单词或短语感到困惑。这是因为英语有着许多来自不同语言的单词和短语，但是这些单词和短语有着相似的意思。比如，sick一词就是来自盎格鲁人和撒克逊人曾经用过的一个词，而ill则来自曾经被挪威人用过的一个词。
Middle English
Middle English is the name given to the Englishused from around the 12th to the 15th centuries(. Many things played a part in( the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution( was from the Normans(, a French-speaking people who defeated( England and took control of( the country in 1066(. However(, the Norman Conquest( did not affect( English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to( Old English replacing( Celtic(. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire( 250 years they ruled England(, French did not replace English as the first language. On the other hand(, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in( even more words with similar meanings, such as ( answer (from Old English) and reply (from Old French). It is interesting to learn how the words for animals and meat developed. After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as( servants( who raised( animals(. Therefore(, the words we use for most animals raised for food(, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English. However, the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans(, came from Old French：beef, mutton(, pork and bacon(.
given to...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰name。其中used from...也是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰English。
play a part in在……中起作用，参与
contribution[?k?ntrI'bju??n]n.贡献，促成因素；捐赠
make contributions to为……做贡献
Norman['n??m?n]n.& adj.诺曼人(的)
defeat[dI'fi?t]vt.击败，战胜
take control of控制，取得对……的控制
who引导定语从句，修饰a French-speaking people。
however“然而”，可放在句首、句中或句末，但要注意标点。
the Norman Conquest['k??kwest]诺曼征服(诺曼人对英格兰的军事征服)
affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭 effect n．影响
have an/no effect on 对……有/没有影响
lead to“导致”，其中to为介词。
replace[rI'pleIs]vt.替换，代替，取代
which引导非限制性定语从句。
entire[In'taI?(r)]adj.完全的，整个的
even though引导让步状语从句。
on the other hand另一方面
result in造成，导致 such as诸如，比如
work as担任，充当 servant['s??v?nt]n.仆人
raise[reIz]vt.养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及
who引导定语从句，修饰servants。
therefore['ee?f??(r)]adv.因此，所以
we use...是定语从句修饰words；raised for food是过去分词短语作后置定语。
which引导非限制性定语从句。
mutton['m?tn]n.羊肉 bacon['beIk?n]n.熏猪肉，咸猪肉
中古英语
中古英语是给大约12世纪到15世纪期间使用过的英语起的名字。在这一新型英语的发展中，许多事件起了作用。最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人，他们在1066年击败了英格兰并控制了这个国家。然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语代替了凯尔特语。尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。另一方面，英语也确实借用了许多法语单词。这造成了甚至更多意思相近的单词，比如answer(来自古英语)和reply(来自古法语)。了解有关动物和肉的词汇是怎样演变而来的是件挺有趣的事。诺曼征服之后，许多英国人以仆人的身份从事饲养动物的工作。因此，我们使用的作为食物类饲养的大部分动物的单词，比如cow(母牛)，sheep(绵羊)和pig(猪)，来自古英语。然而，由于这些动物的肉是供应给诺曼人的，所以指代这些动物的肉的词来自古法语，如beef(牛肉)，mutton(羊肉)，pork(猪肉)和bacon(熏猪肉，咸猪肉)。
Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well(.In Old English, the Germanic way of making( words plural( was used. For example, they said housen instead of( houses, and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control(, they began using the French way of making plurals, adding an-s to( house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as man/men and child/children.
After the Norman Conquest, high-class( people spoke French while common people spoke English(. However, by the latter half of the 14th century, English had come into widespread use( among all classes( in England. In 1399, Henry Ⅳ became King of England. His mother tongue( was English, and he used English for all official events.
as well“也”，一般不用于否定句，通常放在句末，表示强调时可放在句中。
the way of doing sth.＝the way to do sth.做某事的方法
plural['pl??r?l]n.&adj.复数形式(的)，常缩略为pl.。
instead of代替，而不是
after引导时间状语从句。
add...to...把……加到……上
high-class[?haI'klɑ?s]adj.上层社会的
while作并列连词，表示转折和对比，意思是“而，却”。
come into use开始被使用
class n．阶级，阶层
mother tongue n．母语，本国语
古法语也为中古英语做出了其他贡献。在古英语中，单词变复数采用了日耳曼语中单词变复数的方法。例如，他们说housen而不是houses，说shoen而不是shoes。在诺曼人控制英格兰之后，他们开始使用法语的复数构成形式，在house和shoe后面加-s。只有很少的单词保留了日耳曼语的复数形式，如man/men和child/children。
诺曼征服之后，上层社会的人讲法语，而普通人则讲英语。但是到了14世纪后半叶，英语已经被英格兰所有社会阶层广泛使用。1399年，亨利四世成了英格兰国王。他的母语是英语，他在所有正式场合都使用英语。
Modern English
Modern English appeared( during the RenaissanceB67 in the 16th century. Because ofB68 this, Modern English includesB69 many LatinB70 and GreekB71 words. Pronunciation also went throughB72 huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language. The question of whether English will keep on changingB73 in the future is easy to answerB74. It is certain that this processB75 will continueB76, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.
appear vi.出现，显现，没有被动语态。
the Renaissance[rI'neIsns]n.(欧洲)文艺复兴
because of因为 include vt.包括
Latin['l?tIn]n.&adj.拉丁语(的)
Greek[ɡri?k]adj.希腊语的，希腊(人)的n.希腊语，希腊人
go through经历 keep on doing继续做
whether引导的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。
process['pr??ses]n.过程；进程
in (the)process of 在……的过程中，在进行中
it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。
现代英语
现代英语出现于16世纪的文艺复兴时期。由于这个原因，现代英语中含有许多拉丁语及希腊语单词。在此期间，(英语)发音也经历了巨大的变化。当然，这并不是英语语言变化的终结。英语是否会在将来继续变化这个问题是容易回答的。可以肯定的是，这一进程将会继续，而且人们将会不断地发明新的单词和新的表达事物的方式。
A卷 [学生用书P97(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
English
language learners, also known as ELLs, are students with limited English abilities. American public school systems seek to develop programs to help such students improve their English. The goal is to give students the language skills they need to fully take part in educational activities and help them succeed in the classroom. Studies have shown clear connections between greater English-language abilities and improved educational results.
The state with the highest number of ELL students was California. Twenty-one percent of its public school students were English language learners in 2015. The next highest states were Texas and Nevada. Nearly 17 percent of both states’ students were ELLs. In eight states, ELLs made up 10 percent or more of the total public school students.
Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia saw a rise in the number of ELL students from 2010 to 2015. The largest increase—3 percent—was reported in Massachusetts. In 14 states, the percentage of ELLs fell in 2015 compared to 2010. The largest drop, which was 4 percent, was reported in the western state of Nevada.
About 77 percent of ELL students said they mainly spoke Spanish at home. Twenty-one percent of Spanish-speaking ELLs lived in California. Arabic is the second most common language spoken at home by ELL students. Chinese is the third most commonly spoken language by American ELL students. About 2 percent of the total—or about 101，000 students—identified(认定) themselves as Chinese speakers at home. About 81，000 ELL students reported speaking Vietnamese at home. That is 1.7 percent of all ELLs.
About 14 percent of ELLs lived in cities, the National Center for Education Statistics reported. Nine percent lived in suburban(郊区的) areas. And around 6.5 percent lived in small towns, while 3.6 percent were in the countryside.
Not surprisingly, most English language learners were in lower grade levels. In 2015, 67 percent of students were either in kindergarten or grades 1 through 5. The other 33 percent were in sixth through 12th grades.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。美国的很多公立学校里有很多英语不好的学生，他们的英语能力影响到了他们的学习成绩。
1．What can we know about ELLs in America during 2010 to 2015?
A．Over half of ELLs lived in suburban areas.
B．Massachusetts had the highest number of ELLs.
C．There were more and more ELLs in many states.
D．The number of ELLs in California increased by 21%.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia saw a rise in the number of ELL students from 2010 to 2015. The largest increase—3 percent—was reported in Massachusetts.可知，在2010年至2015年间，有三十六个州英语语言学习者的数量都在上升。
2．Which of the following is the most widely spoken by American ELLs at home?
A．Arabic. B．Spanish.
C．Chinese. D．Vietnamese.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，美国英语语言学习者在家里说西班牙语最普遍。
3．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Languages spoken in the US.
B．Programs to help ELLs in the US.
C．English language learners in the US.
D．The most popular languages in the US.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文围绕美国那些英语能力不高的英语语言学习者展开，介绍了其数量、比例、分布地区以及能力水平方面的相关信息。
B
Gabriella’s family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟谙两种语言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, spanish at home. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.
Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.
Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap form “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更聪明、健康和活跃；学习外语永远不迟。
4．Why is Gabriella’s family used as the example in Paragraph 1?
A．To show that the family are bilinguals.
B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.
C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.
D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，即Gabriella同时学习英语和西班牙语；她的弟弟在学校学习英语，在家里学习西班牙语；她的父母则通过将第二语言翻译为母语来学习第二语言。据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。
5．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?
A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.
B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.
C．Because their mother tongue doesn’t influence them much.
D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。
6．Which of the following best explains “handicap” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A．Disease. B．Disability.
C．Disadvantage. D．Illness.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”，尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与C项“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故C项正确。
7．What can we infer from the text?
A．The left brain is more important for language learning.
B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.
C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.
D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明，它会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，语言学习促进大脑的发展，故B项正确。
C
If you have a chance to take a walk in a park, look carefully at the people walking their dogs.You’ll probably find friendly-looking people with friendly dogs; quiet people with quiet dogs; large men with oversized dogs and long-haired women with long-eared dogs.As you’ve probably noticed, dogs and their owners look alike.Have you ever wondered why?
These similarities are so common that researchers have tried to explain them.There are two theories(理论): the convergence theory and the selection theory.The convergence theory says that as the owner and the dog spend more time together, they influence each other to the point where they grow similar.In other words, they “converge”．The selection theory, on the other hand, says that owners are interested in dogs that look like them, so they choose those dogs as pets.
Recently, researchers at the University of California decided to test the two theories by taking pictures of 45 dogs separately from their owners.Then they asked some students to match the dogs’ photos with their owners.The students were quite successful with purebred(纯种的) dogs: they correctly matched 16 out of 25 with their owners.However, they had almost no success connecting mixed-breed(杂交的) dogs with their owners.When owners select a purebred dog, they can easily predict(预测) what it will look like later.But that is not true with mixed-breed dogs because it’s hard to predict what a mixed-breed dog will look like when it grows up.And since it was the purebreds not the mixed-breeds that looked like their owners, the research seems to prove the“selection theory”．
But one bit of warning.Although many people look like their dogs, not all dog owners enjoy having the similarity pointed out to them.So, even if the similarity is amazing, don’t go up to a stranger and say，“Wow, you look just like your dog！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出很多狗和它们的主人长相相似，并介绍了此现象背后的两个理论以及所做的研究。
8．The convergence theory explains that the similarity between dogs and their owners ________．
A．decreases with the age of them
B．decreases with increasing differences
C．increases with the period of ownership
D．increases with increasing attractiveness
C 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“The convergence theory says that as the owner and the dog spend more time together, they influence each other to the point where they grow similar.”可知，趋于一致理论告诉我们：狗和主人在一起的时间越长，长相越相似。
9．According to the selection theory, why do dogs look like their owners?
A．They influence each other.
B．They often do the same thing.
C．Dogs follow what their owners do.
D．Owners pick dogs that look like them.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“The selection theory, on the other hand, says that owners are interested in dogs that look like them, so they choose those dogs as pets.”可知，根据选择理论，狗主人在选择宠物狗的时候，会挑选那些和他们长相相似的。
10．What’s the purpose of the research?
A．To test two similarity theories.
B．To prove the selection theory.
C．To help people choose proper dogs.
D．To show the differences between dogs.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“Recently, researchers at the University of California decided to test the two theories by taking pictures of 45 dogs separately from their owners.”可知，该研究是为了测试上述两个论证狗和主人长相相似的理论。
11．What can we learn from the research?
A．Purebred dogs have predictable appearance.
B．Most owners want their dogs to look like them.
C．Mixed-breeds and their owners share similarities.
D．Most owners prefer purebred dogs to mixed-breeds.、
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“When owners select a purebred dog, they can easily predict(预测) what it will look like later.But that is not true with mixed-breed dogs because it’s hard to predict what a mixed-breed dog will look like when it grows up.”可知，纯种狗的外貌一般可预测，而杂交狗的外貌则不可预测。
七选五
Four benefits of writing by hand
Today is National Handwriting Day! Although we don’t write like we used to, here are four ways handwriting is still helpful.
It’s better for learning.
1．________ That’s because putting ink to paper stimulates(刺激) the brain. One study from 2010 found that the brain areas related to learning “lit up” much more when kids were asked to write words like “spaceship” by hand versus just studying the word closely.
2．________
Many famous authors prefer writing by hand to the use of a typewriter or computer. Writer Susan Sontag once said that she penned her first drafts(草稿) before typing them up for editing later. She said, “3.________” A 2009 study seems to support Sontag’s preference for writing by hand: Elementary school students who wrote essays with a pen not only wrote more than their keyboard-tapping friends, but they also wrote faster and in more complete sentences.
It will prevent you from being distracted(分心)．
The computer in front of you is really a distraction. 4.________ In 2012, scientists even suggested that taking five-minute breaks to browse Tumblr or BuzzFeed could make you a more productive worker. However, when it’s time to work on that essay, have only a pen and paper in front of you.
It keeps your brain sharp as you get older.
5．________ According to The Wall Street Journal, some physicians say that the act of writing is good exercise for those who want to keep their minds sharp as they age.
A．It makes you a better writer.
B．Writing is good for your brain.
C．Of course, the Internet isn’t all bad.
D．I like the slowness of writing by hand.
E．Try writing by hand at least 20 minutes each day.
F．Many writers have a preference for writing by hand.
G．One of the most effective ways to study is to rewrite your notes by hand.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了用手写作的四个好处。
1．G 解析：根据下一句That’s because putting ink to paper stimulates(刺激) the brain. (那是因为把墨水放在纸上刺激大脑)可知，上句要表达的意思是：学习最有效的方法之一是用手去改写你的笔记。故选G项。
2．A 解析：此空是小标题。根据其他标题的开头都用It的特点，再根据下文Many famous authors prefer writing by hand to the use of a typewriter or computer.许多著名作家更喜欢用手工书写而不是打字机或电脑。可知A项(它使你成为一个更好的作家)符合题意。
3．D 解析：根据下句：一项2009年的研究似乎支持Sontag的偏爱手写。可知上句的意思是：我喜欢用手写字的缓慢。故选D项。
4．C 解析：根据上句The computer in front of you is really a distraction.在你面前的电脑真的是一种分心物。可知，C项(当然，网络并不都是坏的)符合题意。
5．B 解析：根据一些内科医生所说的“写作行为对那些想保持头脑清晰的人来说是一种很好的锻炼”可知，B项(写作对你的大脑是有好处的)符合题意。
B卷 [学生用书P99(单独成册)]
阅读理解
“This isn’t Disneyland, I’m not a novelty.This is as real as it gets，”sing The Sisters of Invention.
The young women—Annika, Michelle, Jackie, Aimee and Caroline—are a pop group with a difference.All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.
The five are based in Adelaide, Australia, and met in 2010 when they sang together in a choir(合唱队) run by Tutti, an organization which supports disabled artists.Tutti saw they had talent and invited them to form a group.Now they perform together two or three times per month, and this is how they make a living.
Michelle is 25 and has cerebral palsy(脑瘫) and a mild learning disability.She says，“We choose the name The Sisters of Invention because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage.For the invention part, we are trying to change people’s view of people with disabilities.We are reinventing the rules.”
All their songs are based on the members’ own experiences and were written as a group in their twice weekly meetings at Tutti.“We would arrive in the morning and I’d say, ‘What do you want to talk about today？’”says their manager and producer Michael Ross.He then noted down everything they said until lyrics took shape.Ross says that putting “their truth” out there is important.He says，“What I’m interested in is that we get to see the world in a way that people in pop culture almost never get to see.It is creative gold.”
When they perform their songs, the physical side of their disabilities is more obvious, but Ross says，“They’re not up there to show their barriers or difficulties.They’re up there to show their strengths.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。五个有学习障碍的女孩组成了一支乐队，她们通过演出向人们展现自己的力量。
1．What do we know about The Sisters of Invention?
A．All its members are disabled.
B．It was founded all by five girls.
C．It has existed for less than ten years.
D．They perform not in order to make money.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.”可知，五个女孩都有学习障碍，有的还有别的残疾。
2．The girls choose the name The Sisters of Invention because ________．
A．they all have great talent
B．they help each other like sisters
C．they have the same experiences
D．they are good at inventing things
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“...because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage”可知，之所以给乐队起这个名字是因为五个成员亲如姐妹，互相支持。
3．How does Michael Ross produce lyrics for The Sisters of Invention?
A．By talking with the girls.
B．By asking the girls questions.
C．By learning about pop culture.
D．By using his personal experiences.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第五段可知，制作人通过跟五个姐妹聊天，很自然地写出歌词。
4．How do audiences probably feel watching the performances of The Sisters of Invention?
A．They will feel bored.
B．They will be inspired.
C．They will feel disappointed.
D．They will have pity on them.
B 解析：推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，尽管五个姐妹在演出时残疾暴露得更明显，但她们意在向人们展现自己的力量。
完形填空
My name is John Sweeney. I’m the founder and Chief Kindness Officer of a worldwide social __1__called Suspended Coffees. I’m a storyteller and teacher of__2__．
For me, kindness has not only__3__my life, but also saved it. Three years ago, I was alone, feeling__4__and thinking my life was worthless when I read about Suspended Coffees. Up until that point in my life, I’d been bullied(欺凌) everywhere I went and made to feel__5__. Yet since the day I was born, all I’ve ever wanted to do was make people happy，__6__ people and be kind to others—it’s always been my__7__ in life.
Since the beginning of this activity, I’ve had a dream of__8__the world through kindness. Yes, our work is about buying coffee for others, but the real__9__ of the activity is bringing the world together__10__ kindness.
Kindness has changed my life and the lives of many others. One nice lady emailed me yesterday, saying she has __11__tried to die three times in the last seven months, but because of the message we’re __12__， she is able to smile now. She’s __13__ to be kind to her doctors, which has resulted in them__14__ her more kindly. I know that has a positive__15__ on her doctors too, because when they leave her, they seem__16__．
I believe the world__17__more kindness, but we also need to be kind to ourselves. It’s the most important part of our lives because our lives actually__18__it. Whenever I am asked__19__ I measure(估量) the effect of all the kindness I’ve shown to the world, my answer is always simple—you can’t measure the impact of an act of kindness because it is far__20__ than we can imagine.
【解题导语】 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过描述自己在Suspended Coffees活动中的经历，以及受此影响而变得积极善良的故事来阐述一个道理：人生需要保持善良，多做善事，别人也会善待我们。
1．A.job B．class
C．relation D．activity
D 解析：根据后文的内容可知，Suspended Coffees是一次“社会活动”，故应选择activity。
2．A.blindness B．kindness
C．happiness D．illness
B 解析：综合全文的内容可知，作者不仅在讲故事，也在教导我们多做善事，故选B项。
3．A.ruined B．built
C．changed D．controlled
C 解析：根据本段内容可知，善行“改变”了作者，也拯救了作者。
4．A.terrified B．sad
C．tired D．strange
B 解析：根据后文my life was worthless可知，作者感觉“难过”。
5．A.homeless B．careless
C．harmless D．useless
D 解析：根据上文的worthless以及作者被欺凌的语境可知，作者感觉自己是“无用的”。
6．A.attract B．help
C．meet D．trust
B 解析：根据上文的make people happy以及下文的be kind to others可知，作者一直想“帮助”别人。
7．A.luck B．trouble
C．result D．purpose
D 解析：作者自打出生起就帮助别人，善待别人，这也是他生活的“目的”。
8．A.connecting B．finding
C．touring D．leading
A 解析：根据后文的bringing the world together可知，作者想用善良将世界“连接”起来。
9．A.heart B．rule
C．excuse D．source
A 解析：作者发起这一活动的“核心”就是把世界连接起来，故选A项。
10．A.in B．on
C．at D．with
D 解析：这里表示“用”善行将世界连接起来，故选with。
11．A.nearly B．usually
C．already D．hardly
C 解析：根据后文的three times in the last seven months可知，这位女士在过去的七个月中“已经”尝试过三次自杀。
12．A.providing B．spreading
C．receiving D．making
B 解析：我们所“传播”的信念让这位女士放弃了自杀的念头。
13．A.promised B．learned
C．challenged D．failed
B 解析：这位女士后来善待医生，说明她之前并没有意识到做善举的好处，现在“学会”了善待别人。
14．A.greeting B．educating
C．persuading D．treating
D 解析：这位女士善待医生，反过来医生更加“善待”她。
15．A.impression B．pressure
C．influence D．opinion
C 解析：病人善待医生，医生会更加善待病人，这对医生而言也会有积极的“影响”。
16．A.safer B．busier
C．sleepier D．happier
D 解析：医生因为感受到了病人的善良，所以离开的时候看起来更“快乐”。
17．A.shows B．gives
C．needs D．means
C 解析：根据后文的we also need to be kind to ourselves可知，世界“需要”更多的善举，但我们也需要善待我们自己。
18．A.act on B．depend on
C．agree on D．concentrate on
B 解析：善良是我们生命中最重要的一个部分，因为我们的生命“依靠”善良。
19．A.what B．when
C．how D．why
C 解析：根据后文的内容可知，作者被问及“如何”估量善行的影响。
20．A.greater B．higher
C．quicker D．easier
A 解析：“我们”无法衡量善行的影响，是因为它的影响“大”得远远超出了我们的想象。
语法填空
Hello，I’m Helen.I’m introducing you to one of the most famous 1.____________(theatre)in the world，2.____________ you can hear and see wonderful performances of opera and ballet.It’s the Royal Opera House.The Royal Opera House was built in 1858.And it 3.____________(be) actually the third theatre that we have had on this land at Covent Garden.The first theatre was built in 1732，and it burnt down in 1808.The second one was built in 1809 and it burnt down in 1856.
But it’s not just the 4.____________(build) that makes it 5.____________(impress)；it’s also the performances on stage that make it an amazing place 6.____________(visit)．The Royal Opera House is home 7.____________ two companies，the Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera.They are both full-time here，and they give almost 300 performances of opera and ballet every year.
The Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera have dancers and singers from all over 8.____________ world. In recent years，we’ve had two famous singers from China—Zhang Liping and Dai Yuqiang.
There are some cheap tickets 9.____________(offer)there，but the number of them is limited，so I think the best thing to do is to buy 10.____________(they) in advance.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了与英国皇家歌剧院相关的一些信息。
1．theatres 解析：由该空前面的one of the most famous 可知，此处填theatre的复数形式theatres.
2．where 解析：分析句子结构可知，填关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，where在该定语从句中作地点状语。
3．is 解析：根据该空后面的that we have had on this land at Covent Garden可知，这里用一般现在时。
4．building 解析：由该空前的the可知填build的名词形式building，意为：建筑物。
5．impressive 解析：此处指“让人印象深刻的，给人深刻印象的”，故填impress的形容词形式impressive。
6．to visit 解析：此处填动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词place。
7．to 解析：be home to为固定短语，在此意为：是……的所在地。
8．the 解析：from all over the world为固定短语，在此意为：来自世界各地的。
9．offered 解析：该空前面的cheap tickets是动词offer所表示动作逻辑上的宾语，故填offer的过去分词形式作后置定语。
10．them 解析：动词buy后面跟宾语，故填they的宾格形式them，指代前面提到的cheap tickets。
课件53张PPT。Unit 2 LanguageUnit 2 LanguageUnit 2 LanguageUnit 2 LanguageUnit 2 Languagedefeatreplaceraisethereforeprocessdistinctionaccentoccupy mixtureofficialcontribution entirebe made up of/consist ofname afteraside frommake contributions totake control oflead toreplace...with...mother tonguego throughkeep onwhy English has so many difficult rulesEven though the Normans spoke Frenchdid borrowwhilewhether English will keep on changing本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷 [学生用书P97(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
English
language learners, also known as ELLs, are students with limited English abilities. American public school systems seek to develop programs to help such students improve their English. The goal is to give students the language skills they need to fully take part in educational activities and help them succeed in the classroom. Studies have shown clear connections between greater English-language abilities and improved educational results.
The state with the highest number of ELL students was California. Twenty-one percent of its public school students were English language learners in 2015. The next highest states were Texas and Nevada. Nearly 17 percent of both states’ students were ELLs. In eight states, ELLs made up 10 percent or more of the total public school students.
Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia saw a rise in the number of ELL students from 2010 to 2015. The largest increase—3 percent—was reported in Massachusetts. In 14 states, the percentage of ELLs fell in 2015 compared to 2010. The largest drop, which was 4 percent, was reported in the western state of Nevada.
About 77 percent of ELL students said they mainly spoke Spanish at home. Twenty-one percent of Spanish-speaking ELLs lived in California. Arabic is the second most common language spoken at home by ELL students. Chinese is the third most commonly spoken language by American ELL students. About 2 percent of the total—or about 101，000 students—identified(认定) themselves as Chinese speakers at home. About 81，000 ELL students reported speaking Vietnamese at home. That is 1.7 percent of all ELLs.
About 14 percent of ELLs lived in cities, the National Center for Education Statistics reported. Nine percent lived in suburban(郊区的) areas. And around 6.5 percent lived in small towns, while 3.6 percent were in the countryside.
Not surprisingly, most English language learners were in lower grade levels. In 2015, 67 percent of students were either in kindergarten or grades 1 through 5. The other 33 percent were in sixth through 12th grades.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。美国的很多公立学校里有很多英语不好的学生，他们的英语能力影响到了他们的学习成绩。
1．What can we know about ELLs in America during 2010 to 2015?
A．Over half of ELLs lived in suburban areas.
B．Massachusetts had the highest number of ELLs.
C．There were more and more ELLs in many states.
D．The number of ELLs in California increased by 21%.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia saw a rise in the number of ELL students from 2010 to 2015. The largest increase—3 percent—was reported in Massachusetts.可知，在2010年至2015年间，有三十六个州英语语言学习者的数量都在上升。
2．Which of the following is the most widely spoken by American ELLs at home?
A．Arabic. B．Spanish.
C．Chinese. D．Vietnamese.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，美国英语语言学习者在家里说西班牙语最普遍。
3．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Languages spoken in the US.
B．Programs to help ELLs in the US.
C．English language learners in the US.
D．The most popular languages in the US.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文围绕美国那些英语能力不高的英语语言学习者展开，介绍了其数量、比例、分布地区以及能力水平方面的相关信息。
B
Gabriella’s family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟谙两种语言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, spanish at home. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.
Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.
Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap form “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更聪明、健康和活跃；学习外语永远不迟。
4．Why is Gabriella’s family used as the example in Paragraph 1?
A．To show that the family are bilinguals.
B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.
C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.
D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，即Gabriella同时学习英语和西班牙语；她的弟弟在学校学习英语，在家里学习西班牙语；她的父母则通过将第二语言翻译为母语来学习第二语言。据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。
5．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?
A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.
B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.
C．Because their mother tongue doesn’t influence them much.
D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。
6．Which of the following best explains “handicap” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A．Disease. B．Disability.
C．Disadvantage. D．Illness.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”，尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与C项“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故C项正确。
7．What can we infer from the text?
A．The left brain is more important for language learning.
B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.
C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.
D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明，它会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，语言学习促进大脑的发展，故B项正确。
C
If you have a chance to take a walk in a park, look carefully at the people walking their dogs.You’ll probably find friendly-looking people with friendly dogs; quiet people with quiet dogs; large men with oversized dogs and long-haired women with long-eared dogs.As you’ve probably noticed, dogs and their owners look alike.Have you ever wondered why?
These similarities are so common that researchers have tried to explain them.There are two theories(理论): the convergence theory and the selection theory.The convergence theory says that as the owner and the dog spend more time together, they influence each other to the point where they grow similar.In other words, they “converge”．The selection theory, on the other hand, says that owners are interested in dogs that look like them, so they choose those dogs as pets.
Recently, researchers at the University of California decided to test the two theories by taking pictures of 45 dogs separately from their owners.Then they asked some students to match the dogs’ photos with their owners.The students were quite successful with purebred(纯种的) dogs: they correctly matched 16 out of 25 with their owners.However, they had almost no success connecting mixed-breed(杂交的) dogs with their owners.When owners select a purebred dog, they can easily predict(预测) what it will look like later.But that is not true with mixed-breed dogs because it’s hard to predict what a mixed-breed dog will look like when it grows up.And since it was the purebreds not the mixed-breeds that looked like their owners, the research seems to prove the“selection theory”．
But one bit of warning.Although many people look like their dogs, not all dog owners enjoy having the similarity pointed out to them.So, even if the similarity is amazing, don’t go up to a stranger and say，“Wow, you look just like your dog！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出很多狗和它们的主人长相相似，并介绍了此现象背后的两个理论以及所做的研究。
8．The convergence theory explains that the similarity between dogs and their owners ________．
A．decreases with the age of them
B．decreases with increasing differences
C．increases with the period of ownership
D．increases with increasing attractiveness
C 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“The convergence theory says that as the owner and the dog spend more time together, they influence each other to the point where they grow similar.”可知，趋于一致理论告诉我们：狗和主人在一起的时间越长，长相越相似。
9．According to the selection theory, why do dogs look like their owners?
A．They influence each other.
B．They often do the same thing.
C．Dogs follow what their owners do.
D．Owners pick dogs that look like them.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“The selection theory, on the other hand, says that owners are interested in dogs that look like them, so they choose those dogs as pets.”可知，根据选择理论，狗主人在选择宠物狗的时候，会挑选那些和他们长相相似的。
10．What’s the purpose of the research?
A．To test two similarity theories.
B．To prove the selection theory.
C．To help people choose proper dogs.
D．To show the differences between dogs.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“Recently, researchers at the University of California decided to test the two theories by taking pictures of 45 dogs separately from their owners.”可知，该研究是为了测试上述两个论证狗和主人长相相似的理论。
11．What can we learn from the research?
A．Purebred dogs have predictable appearance.
B．Most owners want their dogs to look like them.
C．Mixed-breeds and their owners share similarities.
D．Most owners prefer purebred dogs to mixed-breeds.、
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“When owners select a purebred dog, they can easily predict(预测) what it will look like later.But that is not true with mixed-breed dogs because it’s hard to predict what a mixed-breed dog will look like when it grows up.”可知，纯种狗的外貌一般可预测，而杂交狗的外貌则不可预测。
七选五
Four benefits of writing by hand
Today is National Handwriting Day! Although we don’t write like we used to, here are four ways handwriting is still helpful.
It’s better for learning.
1．________ That’s because putting ink to paper stimulates(刺激) the brain. One study from 2010 found that the brain areas related to learning “lit up” much more when kids were asked to write words like “spaceship” by hand versus just studying the word closely.
2．________
Many famous authors prefer writing by hand to the use of a typewriter or computer. Writer Susan Sontag once said that she penned her first drafts(草稿) before typing them up for editing later. She said, “3.________” A 2009 study seems to support Sontag’s preference for writing by hand: Elementary school students who wrote essays with a pen not only wrote more than their keyboard-tapping friends, but they also wrote faster and in more complete sentences.
It will prevent you from being distracted(分心)．
The computer in front of you is really a distraction. 4.________ In 2012, scientists even suggested that taking five-minute breaks to browse Tumblr or BuzzFeed could make you a more productive worker. However, when it’s time to work on that essay, have only a pen and paper in front of you.
It keeps your brain sharp as you get older.
5．________ According to The Wall Street Journal, some physicians say that the act of writing is good exercise for those who want to keep their minds sharp as they age.
A．It makes you a better writer.
B．Writing is good for your brain.
C．Of course, the Internet isn’t all bad.
D．I like the slowness of writing by hand.
E．Try writing by hand at least 20 minutes each day.
F．Many writers have a preference for writing by hand.
G．One of the most effective ways to study is to rewrite your notes by hand.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了用手写作的四个好处。
1．G 解析：根据下一句That’s because putting ink to paper stimulates(刺激) the brain. (那是因为把墨水放在纸上刺激大脑)可知，上句要表达的意思是：学习最有效的方法之一是用手去改写你的笔记。故选G项。
2．A 解析：此空是小标题。根据其他标题的开头都用It的特点，再根据下文Many famous authors prefer writing by hand to the use of a typewriter or computer.许多著名作家更喜欢用手工书写而不是打字机或电脑。可知A项(它使你成为一个更好的作家)符合题意。
3．D 解析：根据下句：一项2009年的研究似乎支持Sontag的偏爱手写。可知上句的意思是：我喜欢用手写字的缓慢。故选D项。
4．C 解析：根据上句The computer in front of you is really a distraction.在你面前的电脑真的是一种分心物。可知，C项(当然，网络并不都是坏的)符合题意。
5．B 解析：根据一些内科医生所说的“写作行为对那些想保持头脑清晰的人来说是一种很好的锻炼”可知，B项(写作对你的大脑是有好处的)符合题意。
B卷 [学生用书P99(单独成册)]
阅读理解
“This isn’t Disneyland, I’m not a novelty.This is as real as it gets，”sing The Sisters of Invention.
The young women—Annika, Michelle, Jackie, Aimee and Caroline—are a pop group with a difference.All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.
The five are based in Adelaide, Australia, and met in 2010 when they sang together in a choir(合唱队) run by Tutti, an organization which supports disabled artists.Tutti saw they had talent and invited them to form a group.Now they perform together two or three times per month, and this is how they make a living.
Michelle is 25 and has cerebral palsy(脑瘫) and a mild learning disability.She says，“We choose the name The Sisters of Invention because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage.For the invention part, we are trying to change people’s view of people with disabilities.We are reinventing the rules.”
All their songs are based on the members’ own experiences and were written as a group in their twice weekly meetings at Tutti.“We would arrive in the morning and I’d say, ‘What do you want to talk about today？’”says their manager and producer Michael Ross.He then noted down everything they said until lyrics took shape.Ross says that putting “their truth” out there is important.He says，“What I’m interested in is that we get to see the world in a way that people in pop culture almost never get to see.It is creative gold.”
When they perform their songs, the physical side of their disabilities is more obvious, but Ross says，“They’re not up there to show their barriers or difficulties.They’re up there to show their strengths.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。五个有学习障碍的女孩组成了一支乐队，她们通过演出向人们展现自己的力量。
1．What do we know about The Sisters of Invention?
A．All its members are disabled.
B．It was founded all by five girls.
C．It has existed for less than ten years.
D．They perform not in order to make money.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.”可知，五个女孩都有学习障碍，有的还有别的残疾。
2．The girls choose the name The Sisters of Invention because ________．
A．they all have great talent
B．they help each other like sisters
C．they have the same experiences
D．they are good at inventing things
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“...because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage”可知，之所以给乐队起这个名字是因为五个成员亲如姐妹，互相支持。
3．How does Michael Ross produce lyrics for The Sisters of Invention?
A．By talking with the girls.
B．By asking the girls questions.
C．By learning about pop culture.
D．By using his personal experiences.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第五段可知，制作人通过跟五个姐妹聊天，很自然地写出歌词。
4．How do audiences probably feel watching the performances of The Sisters of Invention?
A．They will feel bored.
B．They will be inspired.
C．They will feel disappointed.
D．They will have pity on them.
B 解析：推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，尽管五个姐妹在演出时残疾暴露得更明显，但她们意在向人们展现自己的力量。
完形填空
My name is John Sweeney. I’m the founder and Chief Kindness Officer of a worldwide social __1__called Suspended Coffees. I’m a storyteller and teacher of__2__．
For me, kindness has not only__3__my life, but also saved it. Three years ago, I was alone, feeling__4__and thinking my life was worthless when I read about Suspended Coffees. Up until that point in my life, I’d been bullied(欺凌) everywhere I went and made to feel__5__. Yet since the day I was born, all I’ve ever wanted to do was make people happy，__6__ people and be kind to others—it’s always been my__7__ in life.
Since the beginning of this activity, I’ve had a dream of__8__the world through kindness. Yes, our work is about buying coffee for others, but the real__9__ of the activity is bringing the world together__10__ kindness.
Kindness has changed my life and the lives of many others. One nice lady emailed me yesterday, saying she has __11__tried to die three times in the last seven months, but because of the message we’re __12__， she is able to smile now. She’s __13__ to be kind to her doctors, which has resulted in them__14__ her more kindly. I know that has a positive__15__ on her doctors too, because when they leave her, they seem__16__．
I believe the world__17__more kindness, but we also need to be kind to ourselves. It’s the most important part of our lives because our lives actually__18__it. Whenever I am asked__19__ I measure(估量) the effect of all the kindness I’ve shown to the world, my answer is always simple—you can’t measure the impact of an act of kindness because it is far__20__ than we can imagine.
【解题导语】 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过描述自己在Suspended Coffees活动中的经历，以及受此影响而变得积极善良的故事来阐述一个道理：人生需要保持善良，多做善事，别人也会善待我们。
1．A.job B．class
C．relation D．activity
D 解析：根据后文的内容可知，Suspended Coffees是一次“社会活动”，故应选择activity。
2．A.blindness B．kindness
C．happiness D．illness
B 解析：综合全文的内容可知，作者不仅在讲故事，也在教导我们多做善事，故选B项。
3．A.ruined B．built
C．changed D．controlled
C 解析：根据本段内容可知，善行“改变”了作者，也拯救了作者。
4．A.terrified B．sad
C．tired D．strange
B 解析：根据后文my life was worthless可知，作者感觉“难过”。
5．A.homeless B．careless
C．harmless D．useless
D 解析：根据上文的worthless以及作者被欺凌的语境可知，作者感觉自己是“无用的”。
6．A.attract B．help
C．meet D．trust
B 解析：根据上文的make people happy以及下文的be kind to others可知，作者一直想“帮助”别人。
7．A.luck B．trouble
C．result D．purpose
D 解析：作者自打出生起就帮助别人，善待别人，这也是他生活的“目的”。
8．A.connecting B．finding
C．touring D．leading
A 解析：根据后文的bringing the world together可知，作者想用善良将世界“连接”起来。
9．A.heart B．rule
C．excuse D．source
A 解析：作者发起这一活动的“核心”就是把世界连接起来，故选A项。
10．A.in B．on
C．at D．with
D 解析：这里表示“用”善行将世界连接起来，故选with。
11．A.nearly B．usually
C．already D．hardly
C 解析：根据后文的three times in the last seven months可知，这位女士在过去的七个月中“已经”尝试过三次自杀。
12．A.providing B．spreading
C．receiving D．making
B 解析：我们所“传播”的信念让这位女士放弃了自杀的念头。
13．A.promised B．learned
C．challenged D．failed
B 解析：这位女士后来善待医生，说明她之前并没有意识到做善举的好处，现在“学会”了善待别人。
14．A.greeting B．educating
C．persuading D．treating
D 解析：这位女士善待医生，反过来医生更加“善待”她。
15．A.impression B．pressure
C．influence D．opinion
C 解析：病人善待医生，医生会更加善待病人，这对医生而言也会有积极的“影响”。
16．A.safer B．busier
C．sleepier D．happier
D 解析：医生因为感受到了病人的善良，所以离开的时候看起来更“快乐”。
17．A.shows B．gives
C．needs D．means
C 解析：根据后文的we also need to be kind to ourselves可知，世界“需要”更多的善举，但我们也需要善待我们自己。
18．A.act on B．depend on
C．agree on D．concentrate on
B 解析：善良是我们生命中最重要的一个部分，因为我们的生命“依靠”善良。
19．A.what B．when
C．how D．why
C 解析：根据后文的内容可知，作者被问及“如何”估量善行的影响。
20．A.greater B．higher
C．quicker D．easier
A 解析：“我们”无法衡量善行的影响，是因为它的影响“大”得远远超出了我们的想象。
语法填空
Hello，I’m Helen.I’m introducing you to one of the most famous 1.____________(theatre)in the world，2.____________ you can hear and see wonderful performances of opera and ballet.It’s the Royal Opera House.The Royal Opera House was built in 1858.And it 3.____________(be) actually the third theatre that we have had on this land at Covent Garden.The first theatre was built in 1732，and it burnt down in 1808.The second one was built in 1809 and it burnt down in 1856.
But it’s not just the 4.____________(build) that makes it 5.____________(impress)；it’s also the performances on stage that make it an amazing place 6.____________(visit)．The Royal Opera House is home 7.____________ two companies，the Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera.They are both full-time here，and they give almost 300 performances of opera and ballet every year.
The Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera have dancers and singers from all over 8.____________ world. In recent years，we’ve had two famous singers from China—Zhang Liping and Dai Yuqiang.
There are some cheap tickets 9.____________(offer)there，but the number of them is limited，so I think the best thing to do is to buy 10.____________(they) in advance.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了与英国皇家歌剧院相关的一些信息。
1．theatres 解析：由该空前面的one of the most famous 可知，此处填theatre的复数形式theatres.
2．where 解析：分析句子结构可知，填关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，where在该定语从句中作地点状语。
3．is 解析：根据该空后面的that we have had on this land at Covent Garden可知，这里用一般现在时。
4．building 解析：由该空前的the可知填build的名词形式building，意为：建筑物。
5．impressive 解析：此处指“让人印象深刻的，给人深刻印象的”，故填impress的形容词形式impressive。
6．to visit 解析：此处填动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词place。
7．to 解析：be home to为固定短语，在此意为：是……的所在地。
8．the 解析：from all over the world为固定短语，在此意为：来自世界各地的。
9．offered 解析：该空前面的cheap tickets是动词offer所表示动作逻辑上的宾语，故填offer的过去分词形式作后置定语。
10．them 解析：动词buy后面跟宾语，故填they的宾格形式them，指代前面提到的cheap tickets。
Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language Points
occupy vt.占领； 占用(时间、空间等); 忙着， 使忙于
(教材P22)Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland—the Angles and the Saxons—occupied Britain.
然后， 来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。
(1)occupy sb./oneself with sth.＝occupy sb./oneself in doing sth. 使某人忙于做某事
(2)occupied adj. 在使用中的；
忙于……的
be occupied with/in doing sth. 忙于做某事
(3)occupation n. 工作；职业；使用；
占用；占领
①He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied himself with a very important experiment.
他本来想参加你的生日晚会， 但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验。
②Reading occupies(occupy) most of my free time.
阅读占去了我大部分的闲暇时间。
③She is fully occupied with her three children.
＝She is fully occupied_in looking after her three children.
＝She occupies_herself_in_looking after her three children.她忙于照料她的三个孩子。
④I can’t meet you on Sunday.I’ll be otherwise occupied(occupy)．
星期天我不能见你。我将忙于其他事情。
contribution n．贡献； 捐款； 投稿
(经典例句)He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.
他对项目的成功贡献良多。
(1)make contributions/a contribution to
对……作出贡献
(2)contribute vi.&vt. 贡献；捐献；投稿
contribute to (doing) sth. 有助于；促成
contribute...to... 向……捐献……；向……
投稿
①The invention of paper was a great contribution to human civilization.
纸的发明是对人类文明的一大贡献。
②To make our country stronger, everyone should make his/her contributions(contribute)．
为了让我们的国家更加强大， 每个人都必须作出贡献。
③(牛津词典)The writer personally contributed ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund.
那位作家亲自捐赠了5 000英镑给地震基金。
④I am sure your suggestion will contribute to solving(solve) the problem.
我确信你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。
[巧学活用]——用contribute的适当形式或短语完成小片段
Many people contributed_money_to the poor boy, which contributed_to his returning to school. A writer wrote this story and contributed it to a magazine.
许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱， 这使他重新回到了校园。一个作家把这个故事写了下来， 并给一家杂志投稿。
defeat vt.击败；战胜；使落空
n．击败，战胜；失败
(教材P22)The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.
最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人， 他们在1066年击败了英格兰并控制了这个国家。
①Damaged but not defeated，he was still ahead of me.
虽然受了伤，但是没有被打垮，他仍然是超越我的。
②As is expected, our baseball team has suffered another defeat.
正如所预料的一样， 我们的棒球队再次失败了。
beat
可接sb.或team/class/school等作宾语， 多指在比赛、竞选或辩论中战胜对手
defeat
用法与beat相似， 但defeat还可指在战争中 “击败” 敌军
win
后接sth.作宾语， 如：game/war/prize/love/respect等
[巧学活用]——用上述词汇的适当形式填空
(1)They defeated the invaders but lost many men.
(2)He soon won a reputation for himself.
(3)I don’t doubt that we’ll beat/defeat Class 2 in this match.
replace vt. 替换， 代替， 取代； 更换； 把……放回原处
(教材P22)However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. 然而， 诺曼征服对英语的影响不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响， 那场胜利导致古英语代替了凯尔特语。
(1)replace＝take the place of...代替， 取代
replace...with/by... (用……)替换；
(以……)接替
(2)replaceable adj. 可替换的；可代替的
replacement n. 替换， 替代品， 接替者
(3)in place of 代替； 取代
①You have to replace the books on the shelves before you leave.
你离开之前必须把书放回书架上。
②We had to keep track of our belongings，and if something was lost, it was not replaced.
我们必须看好自己的财物，如果它丢失了，就是无法取代的。
③It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with/by a modern hotel or not.
老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。
(1)It would be difficult to find a man in_place_of_the_present_manager．
(2)It would be difficult to find a man to_replace_the_present_manager．
(3)It would be difficult to find a man to take_the_place_of_the_present_manager．
raise vt.养育， 培养；举起；增加， 提高；筹募；提及
(教材P23)Therefore, the words we use for most animals raised for food, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English.
因此， 我们使用的作为食物类饲养的大部分动物的单词， 例如：cow(母牛)，sheep(绵羊)和pig(猪)等， 来自古英语。
raise money 筹钱
raise questions 提问题
raise doubts 引起怀疑
①Raised in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地方长大(被养大), 他成为一个足球明星的道路漫长而又艰辛。
②Last week our school had a big fair in order to raise_money for a charity.
上周我们学校举行了大型义卖会，为一个慈善机构筹款。
③We must raise the living standard of people.
我们必须提高人们的生活水平。
④At that time I thought I could never raise my head again.
那时我想我可能再也抬不起头了。
On Monday morning, we were watching the children raising the national flag, and we saw it rising slowly in the wind.
星期一早上， 我们在观看孩子们升国旗， 我们看到国旗在风中徐徐升起。
raise
是及物动词， 后面要带宾语， 还可表抽象意义， 如提高政治觉悟、生活水平、地位等
rise
为不及物动词， 说明主语自身移向较高的位置，通常指日、月、星辰的升起
arise
产生， 发生， 出现
[巧学活用]——用上述词汇的适当形式填空
(1)We enjoyed the sight on the top of the hill, with the sun rising in the east.
(2)I’ve never heard him even he raised his voice.
(3)Last year, the advertising rate rose by 20%.
(4)We keep them informed of any changes as they arise．
be made up of 由……组成(构成)
(教材P22)The English language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain.
英语是由进入不列颠的这些人所说语言的语法和词汇构成的。
be made of 由……制成(看得出原材料)
be made from 由……制成(看不出原材料)
be made in 在……(地方)制造
be made into 制成……
be made up of 由……组成
①The American Congress is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate.
美国国会由众议院和参议院组成。
②Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中国特色的金或银制成的。
③Wine is made from grapes and grapes can be made into wine.
葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的， 葡萄可制成葡萄酒。
make up 还有 “编造；凑数；弥补；化妆；准备(床铺等)” 含义。
Our class is made up of forty students.Some girls in our class like making up so much that they are often late for classes.When our teachers ask the reason, they usually make up an excuse for it.
我们班由40名学生组成， 其中， 一些女生很喜欢化妆以至于经常上课迟到。当老师们问到原因时， 她们常编造借口应对。
consist of 由……组成
(教材P22)Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages. 古英语是由他们语言的混合体组成的。
consist in sth. 在于……
consist of(＝be made up of) 由……组成
consist with 与……一致
①Life consists of/is made up of not only sunshine but also hard times.
生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。
②The beauty of the picture consists in its balance of colors. 这幅画的美在于其色彩的调和。
③The report does not consist with the fact.
这篇报道与事实不符合。
Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle, which consists with reality.
生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成， 而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。这与现实相一致。
由consist组成的几个短语虽然都具有及物性， 但是不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
由15家小工厂组成的这家公司正面临着严重的财政危机。
(1)The company that/which_consists_of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(定语从句)
(2)The company that/which_is_made_up_of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(定语从句)
(3)The company consisting_of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(现在分词作定语)
(4)The company made_up_of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.(过去分词作定语)
name after 以……命名
(教材P22)Both the English language and the English people are named after the Angles...
英语和英国人都是按照盎格鲁人来命名的……
name...as 提名为；任命为
in the name of 以……名义；作为……代表
by name 凭名字；用……的名字
by the name of 名叫
①They created a new style for architecture and interior design, named after the famous French Art.
他们创造了一种新的建筑和室内设计风格， 以著名的法国艺术命名。
②He has been named_as_ the new chairman.
他已被任命为新的董事长。
③A person by_the_name_of Tom wants to see you.
一个叫汤姆的人想见你。
aside from 除……之外
(教材P22)Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English.
除了像伦敦这样的地名之外， 很少有几个凯尔特语词汇成为古英语的一部分。
except for 除……之外；要不是
in addition to＝besides＝as well as
此外， 加之
except＝but 除……之外
①Aside from learning about unconditional love, they also learn responsibility and respect.
除了从中学习无条件的爱， 他们还能够学习责任感和尊重他人。
②Everything is quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance.
除了远处偶尔有汽车的声响外， 四周一片寂静。
③Aside_from his schoolwork, he takes interest in anything.
除了学校作业之外， 他对任何事都感兴趣。
besides
表示被除外的部分包括在内， 相当于with和plus
except
表示被除外的部分不包括在内， 相当于without和minus
except for
表示被除外的部分是不同类事物
aside from
与apart from相同， 相当于except, except for以及besides
[巧学活用]——用上述词汇的适当形式填空
(1)The roads were empty except_for a few cars.
(2)Will there be anyone else we know at the party besides Will and Janet?
(3)You can have any of the cakes except this one.
(4)I have finished all aside_from the last question.
take control of 控制……
(教材P22)The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.
最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人， 他们在1066年击败了英格兰并控制了这个国家。
gain control of 取得对……的控制
lose control of 失去对……的控制
in the control of 在……的控制之中
under control 在控制之中
out of control 失控(状态)
beyond control 超出控制
①The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.
你学得越多， 尝试得越多， 你就有更多的能力控制你的食物和时间。
②The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, most of which are beyond our control.
植物的生长速度受到很多因素的影响，其中大部分因素是我们无法控制的。
③His dog is too wild, so it is hard to keep it under control. 他的狗太野了， 所以很难去控制它。
④He was so drunk that he lost control of his car.
他喝醉了， 开不了车了。
[巧学活用]——单句改错
(1)After the father died，his company was in control of his son.control前加the
(2)You may lose control everything, but you certainly control your own feelings.everything前加of
(教材P22)However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic.
然而， 诺曼征服对英语的影响不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响， 那场胜利导致古英语代替了凯尔特语。
lead sb.to do sth. 使某人做某事
lead/live a．..life 过……样的生活
lead...into... 把……领进……
lead the way 引路； 带路
①As the old saying goes, “All roads lead to Rome.”
常言道，条条大路通罗马。
②There are many poor people who lead a bitter life.
有很多穷人过着贫困潦倒的生活。
③What led you to_believe(believe) he was right?
什么使你相信他是正确的？
lead to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或v.-ing形式。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
众所周知，成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。
As we all know, success lies in hard work while laziness leads_to_failure．
(教材P22)That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people. 这就是为什么英语有这么多很难的困惑人们的规则的原因。
(1)本句是一个复合句。why引导的从句为表语从句，在表语从句中含有一个that引导的定语从句。This/That is why...这/那就是……的原因。
(2)That’s why.../That is the reason why.../That is because...的区别：
①That is why...与That is the reason why...在意义上相同， 但在结构上不同， 前者中的why引导表语从句， 后者中的why引导定语从句。
②在That is because...中， because引导的表语从句表示原因。
①Tom was very lazy.That was why he never achieved anything in his life.
汤姆很懒， 那就是他一生碌碌无为的原因。
②He did not go to the party last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他没有去参加聚会， 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。
③He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
他以前曾看过那部电影， 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
她迟到是因为她没有赶上公共汽车。
(1)She was late. That_was_because she didn’t catch the bus.
(2)She didn’t catch the bus. That_was_why she was late.
(3)The reason why_she_was_late_was_that she didn’t catch the bus.
(教材P23)On the other hand, the English language did borrow many words from French.
另一方面， 英语也确实借用了许多法语单词。
(1)句中did是强调词，其后接动词原形，表示对一般过去时的强调，意为“的确”。
(2)do/does＋动词原形，表示对一般现在时的强调。
①I did notice that you were very tired.
我的确注意到你很疲劳。
②I do_hope you will consider my suggestion.
真心希望你能考虑我的建议。
③Listening to some soft music does relax your mood.
听一听轻音乐的确能使你心情放松。
(教材P23)After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while common people spoke English.
诺曼征服之后， 上层阶级的人讲法语， 而普通人则讲英语。
句中的while作并列连词， 意为“但是， 然而”， 表示一种对比关系。
(1)while引导时间状语从句， 意为“当……时候”。
(2)while引导让步状语从句， 意为“虽然， 尽管”， 一般放在句首， 相当于although。
①She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets.
她告诉我一些孩子和一位老太太住在一个收容所，而其他的人睡在街上。
② While_the_students_came_from_different_countries,_they got along quite well in the summer camp.
虽然学生们来自不同的国家， 但是他们在夏令营相处得非常好。
③The telephone rang while_I_was_walking in the garden.
我在花园里散步时电话铃响了。
作“然而” 解时， while不能放在句子前面。 while和but有所不同， while用于对比， but表示转折； 当前后两个分句同一个主语时应用but, 不用while表示转折。
[学生用书P37]
品句填词
1．Our army won the battle and ____________(占领) the upland.
答案：occupied
2．The city was a ____________(混合体) of old and new buildings.
答案：mixture
3．I happen to have the ____________(官方的) statistics with me.
答案：official
4．The car is in the ____________(过程) of repair.
答案：process
5．This dam supplies the ____________(整个的) city with water.
答案：entire
6．How many players does a baseball team ____________(组成) of?
答案：consist
7．Many nameless heroes made ____________(贡献) to our nation.
答案：contributions
8．Nothing can ____________(代替) a mother’s love.
答案：replace
9．It was a sound strategy to ____________(击败) the enemy.
答案：defeat
10．There is a small ____________(区别) between the two words.
答案：distinction
单句改错
1．Fully occupying in caring for her daughter at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club. ____________________
答案：occupying→occupied
2．Fresh air and exercise contribute good health. ____________________
答案：contribute后加to
3．Apart for his nose, he’s quite good-looking. ____________________
答案：for→from
4．How did that life get out of the control in the first place? ____________________
答案：去掉第一个the
5．It was your encouragement that led me great progress. ____________________
答案：me后加to
完成句子
1．There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________________(而另一个人), also intelligent, fails.
答案：while another man
2．She ________________________________________(一整天都忙于家务活), so she was tired out.
＝__________________________(一整天都忙于家务活), she was tired out.(过去分词作状语)
＝__________________________________________(一整天都忙于家务活), she was tired out.(现在分词作状语)
答案：was occupied in doing housework all day；Occupied in doing housework all day；Occupying herself in doing housework all day
3．________________________(尽管因特网缩短了) the distance between people, it may also be breaking some home or will cause other family problems.
答案：While the Internet is shortening
4．I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.____________________________(那就是我全身湿透的原因)．
答案：That’s why I got wet through
5．Our government __________________________________(的确需要采取一些措施) to reduce the housing price.
答案：does need to take some measures
课文语法填空
Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language which 1.____________(call) Celtic.At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings began to move to Britain and brought their languages.By the 10th century, Old English 2.____________(become) the official language of England.In 1066 the Normans defeated England and took control 3.____________ the country.4.____________， the Norman Conquest didn’t affect English as 5.____________(more) as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory, 6.____________ led to Old English 7.____________(replace) Celtic.Old French made 8.____________(contribute) to Middle English as well.Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century.But this was not the end of the changes in the English language.It is certain 9.____________ English will keep on 10.____________(change) in the future.
答案：1.was called 2.had become 3.of 4.However
5．much 6.which 7.replacing 8.contributions 9.that
10．changing
A卷 [学生用书P101(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．He ____________(do) come but soon went back.
答案：did
2．There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, ____________ there’s little in the northeast.
答案：while
3．That is ____________ I am not in favour of the plan.
答案：why
4．Such a mistake would perhaps lead ____________ disastrous consequences.
答案：to
5．This island was named ____________ its discoverer.
答案：after
6．Taxes consist ____________ the money which people pay to support their government.
答案：of
7．____________(occupy) herself with preparing for the final exams, she has no time to pursue her hobbies.
答案：Occupying
8．Chaplin has made a great ____________(contribute) to filmdom.
答案：contribution
9．The ship’s name has been painted out and replaced ____________ a new one.
答案：with
10．Aside ____________ the Joneses, I do not know anybody in this village.
答案：from
阅读理解
People all need friends because nobody wants to be lonely and a friend can help you in good and bad times.You’ve made friends since childhood，but you still don’t know who your true friends are.Here are some signs to tell you if your friend is a true friend.
Always honest
Honesty is important to keep a relationship alive.A true friend always tells you the truth.It may be hard sometimes but lying can destroy a friendship.It is important that your friend speaks honestly and never makes up stories.
________
There are always periods in your life when you have problems or difficulties.A true friend will always have time to listen to your problems and give you advice.It may not be able to offer a solution to your problems but the fact that your friend makes time to listen is a sign he/she cares for you.Your friend is not a true friend if he/she can never make time for you when you are in trouble.You also need to be reasonable and accept that your friend also has other things to do so he/she can’t always listen immediately to your problems.
Always respectful(尊敬的)
A true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.Your true friend may disagree but never insists that he/she is correct.
Always understanding
It is possible that some problems will arise between you and your friend.A true friend will always be forgiving(体谅的)and understanding，even if it isn’t his/her fault.We are all different people and we all make mistakes.A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesn’t want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.
【解题导语】 什么样的朋友才是真正的朋友呢？本文给出了答案。
1．What’s the best title for the third paragraph?
A．Always there for you
B．Keep your secrets
C．Always happy for you
D．Remember your important days
A 解析：标题归纳题。本段主要讲真正的朋友在你遇到困难的时候会在你身边。
2．According to the passage，a true friend will always________．
A．follow your advice
B．offer a solution to your problems
C．listen immediately to your problems
D．respect your opinion even if he/she disagrees with it
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一句“A true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.”可知真正的朋友会尊重你的观点，不管他(或她)是否同意，故选D。
3．A true friend will always forgive and understand you because________．
A．he/she wants to help you
B．he/she doesn’t want to lose you
C．he/she wants you to feel confident
D．he/she doesn’t care about your mistakes
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesn’t want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.”可知答案。
4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A．To teach us how to make true friends.
B．To find out how long a friendship can last.
C．To introduce his experience in making friends.
D．To tell us how to find out if a friend is a true friend.
D 解析：写作意图题。本文意在告诉我们如何判断一个朋友是不是真正的朋友。
完形填空
Facial expressions carry meanings that depend on situations and relationships.For instance, in American culture the smile is typically an expression of __1__．Yet it has other functions.A smile may __2__love, politeness, or __3__every true feeling.It is also a source of confusion across __4__．For example, many people in Russia __5__smiling at strangers in public just to be unsure or even suspicious(疑心)．Yet many Americans __6__freely at strangers in public places.
Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong __7__； some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile __8__．In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is __9__used to cover emotional or mental difficulty, discomfort or anxiety.
Our __10__make our emotions and attitude known, but we __11__not try to “read” people from another culture __12__we could “read” someone from our own culture.The __13__of facial expressiveness one shows changes among persons and cultures.The __14__that members of one culture do not __15__their emotions as openly as members of __16__do does not mean that they do not experience emotions.Rather their cultures __17__them expressing their emotions and attitudes freely.
If we __18__people whose ways of showing emotions are not the same according to our own cultural __19__， we may make the mistakes of “reading” the other persons __20__．
【解题导语】 在不同的国家， 某些面部表情， 如微笑， 可能表示不同的意义。
1．A.satisfaction B．excitement
C．surprise D．pleasure
D 解析：pleasure表示 “愉快， 快乐”， 概括性最强， 指满意、兴奋等多种欢乐的感觉。
2．A.sound B．show
C．tell D．seem
B 解析：微笑除了表示快乐之外， 它还可用来 “表明” 你的爱、 礼貌等。show在此表示 “表明”， 最后一段有提示。
3．A.include B．explain
C．cover D．suggest
C 解析：此处意为 “或者包括每一种真实感受”。cover表示 “包括， 涵盖”。
4．A.cultures B．oceans
C．nations D．countries
A 解析：后文提到美国人、俄罗斯人， 又提到东南亚的cultures。下文也多次提到culture, 故选A。
5．A.enjoy B．keep
C．consider D．continue
B 解析：俄罗斯人往往在公共场所面带微笑， 仅仅是对陌生人没把握或有疑心。keep doing sth.一直做某事。
6．A.stare B．smile
C．look D．about
B 解析：同样是对陌生人， 但与俄罗斯人不同， 美国人的态度是很随和地 “微笑”。本段也多次提到smile一词。
7．A.time B．place
C．way D．manner
B 解析：俄罗斯人认为美国人不是笑的方式不对， 时间不对(at the wrong time), 而是场合(place)不对。
8．A.enough B．exactly
C．openly D．well
A 解析：美国人认为俄罗斯人微笑太少， 不是笑得好与不好， enough足够， 充分。
9．A.completely B．never
C．frequently D．always
C 解析：此处意为“人们常常用微笑来掩饰情绪上或精神上的问题， 不舒服或焦虑”。
10．A.hands B．faces
C．bodies D．eyes
B 解析：全文都在讲述facial expressions, smile, 故选B。
11．A.need B．should
C．could D．would
B 解析：本句承上启下， 正因为上文提到笑所体现的文化差异， 因此我们不应当用自己的文化去理解另一个文化背景的人。
12．A.as B．since
C．though D．unless
A 解析：as引导状语从句， 表示 “像我们解读和我们有着共同文化渊源的人一样去理解不同文化背景的人”。
13．A.point B．reason
C．balance D．degree
D 解析：一个人面部表情变化的程度因人与文化的不同而不同。四个词中只有degree能与上下文搭配， 表示面部表情变化的 “程度”。
14．A.fact B．news
C．demand D．order
A 解析：that引导的同位语从句作fact的同位语。
15．A.find B．form
C．control D．express
D 解析：express在文中已多次出现， 从首句facial expressions到本段落最后部分expressing their emotions...均表明D是正确选项。
16．A.another B．the other
C．others D．the others
A 解析：根据前文中 “people from another culture” 可推知选A。
17．A.keep B．feel
C．make D．prevent
D 解析：从上下文可知， 此处是说“并非他们没有感情方面的经历， 而是其文化背景使之不能自由表露情感”， prevent阻止。
18．A.observe B．think
C．watch D．judge
D 解析：judge...by/according to...表示 “根据……来判断”。
19．A.way B．life
C．manners D．patterns
D 解析：cultural pattern指 “文化模式”。pattern表示 “模式， 方式”。
20．A.incorrectly B．properly
C．directly D．correctly
A 解析：由前文提到的 “make the mistakes of...” 可知是 “不正确/不恰当地(incorrectly)” 解读别人所致。
B卷 [学生用书P103(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
While some primary schools no longer have recess(课间休息), and people like New Jersey Governor Chris Christie argue(争论) that school days should be even longer, a few schools are already moving in a different direction. Some are testing out standing desks, and realizing that a little bit of activity can actually be good for students’attention. Others, like Ward Elementary in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, are starting to fill classrooms with exercise bikes, so students can work out while they learn.
The Read and Ride program at Ward began five years ago. One classroom is equipped with enough exercise bikes for a full class of students, and teachers bring students there throughout the day to use them. As they ride, they read.
As the primary school studied testing data(数据) at the end of the school year, they found that students who had spent the most time in the program achieved an 83% proficiency(熟练度) in reading, while those who spent the least time in the program had failing scores—only 41% proficiency.
“Riding exercise bikes makes reading fun for many kids who get frustrated(挫败的) when they read，” says Scott Ertl, who started the program.“They have a way to deal with that frustration they feel while they ride.”
Using the bikes also gets students to exercise when they might not otherwise want to in gym class.“Many students who are overweight struggle with sports and activities since they don’t want to always be last or lose，” Ertl explains. “On exercise bikes, students can exercise at a comfortable pace according to their own level—without anyone noticing when they slow down or take a break.”
Over the last five years, the Read and Ride program has been introduced to 30 other schools.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。美国一所小学用自行车替代课桌，让学生在阅读的同时运动健身。
1．Which of the following would Chris Christie agree with?
A．Students should have a good rest.
B．Students should do more exercise.
C．Students should use standing desks.
D．Students should spend more time studying.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的Chris Christie argue(争论) that school days should be even longer可知，他认为学生在校学习时间应该延长，即花更多的时间学习。
2．What do the numbers in Paragraph 3 show?
A．The program helps students learn better.
B．Students show great interest in the program.
C．The program is more popular with primary schools.
D．Slow learners are more willing to take part in the program.
A 解析：推理判断题。第三段的数据是对“边读书边骑车”计划对学生阅读能力影响的分析——在该计划中花费时间最多的学生在阅读方面达到了83%的熟练度，而那些在该计划中花费时间最少的学生只有41%的熟练度。由此可知，该计划有利于帮助学生学得更好。
3．According to Scott Ertl, what’s one advantage of the program?
A．It can replace the gym class.
B．It makes reading more interesting.
C．It teaches students how to lose weight.
D．It allows students to get close to nature.
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段Scott Ertl介绍该计划的优势Riding exercise bikes makes reading fun for many kids who get frustrated(挫败的) when they read可知答案。
4．What can we learn about the program?
A．More sports activities will be added to it.
B．It has got support from the government.
C．Many people have doubts about it.
D．It has proved to be a success.
D 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的the Read and Ride program has been introduced to 30 other schools可知，该计划经证明是成功的。
B
For people living in the digital(数字的) age, it has become almost required to be active on social media. Facebook has been around for more than 10 years. And with the large increase in the number of people using Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat, social media take up a large part of our everyday lives. They allow us to communicate with our family and friends easily. They also allow us to join some organizations and meet some new people we would have never had the chance to know without social media. However, social media can also be annoying sometimes.
For me, I find it upsetting to always be aware of where people are and what they’re doing. This was my problem with Snapchat, because it makes you walk through other people’s life all the time. Back when Facebook was becoming popular, people began pointing out how it may be unhealthy, because it allows you to compare your life with the lives people choose to make public. This is especially a problem on some platforms like Snapchat. It was upsetting to go through stories on a lazy Saturday evening where you see people out doing things while you’re just sitting at home watching Netflix.
This is not to paint social media as some damaging force that is ruining lives. Most people can use social media without getting annoyed or hurt. If you feel like your social media use is healthy and it makes you happy, then I encourage you to continue. However, if you think it brings out the worst in you, consider taking a break. I’m not meaning never using Twitter again, but taking a few weeks or months to step away and remove it from your life. I left both my Twitter and Snapchat accounts active in case I wish to make the return in the future. For now, I’m enjoying the freedom that goes without having to check every notification(通知) and knowing everything about everyone to focus on myself.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。现在社交媒体在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用，但是也给我们的生活带来了一些消极的影响。
5．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about social media?
A．They are considered annoying by most users.
B．They have become popular all over the world.
C．They are considered a must by different age groups.
D．They have played an important role in our daily life.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的 And with the large increase in the number of people using Twitter...chance to know without social media.可推测，第一段表明社交媒体现在在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用。
6．What was the author’s problem with Snapchat?
A．She always had to pay attention to others’ activities.
B．She didn’t have much to share with others.
C．She found it difficult for her to use it.
D．She was too busy to use it.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的 For me, I find it upsetting to always...because it makes you walk through other people’s life all the time.可知，作者的问题是：她不得不经常去关注别人的生活。
7．When the author was going through stories on Snapchat, how did she most probably respond?
A．She was deeply moved.
B．She felt happy for others.
C．She was greatly inspired.
D．She felt sad about her life.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的 Back when Facebook was becoming popular, people began...while you’re just sitting at home watching Netflix.可推断，作者看到那上面的帖子最有可能为自己的生活感到难过。
8．Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with?
A．Instagram is more popular with people.
B．People should leave social media once for all.
C．Social media have more disadvantages than advantages.
D．We should use social media according to our actual situations.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的 If you feel like your social media use is healthy...consider taking a break.可推断，我们应该根据自己的实际情况来选择是否使用社交媒体。
七选五
Everyone knows English is one of the most important subjects in middle schools. And we always know learning English is very important，but few students know how to learn English well.1.________
I think if we have a right way to learn English，and we work hard，then we must learn English well. But what is the right way？2.________ Second，everyone knows remembering new words is important，but how to remember them？I think we can copy new words on pieces of paper，and take them with us. When we are free，we can read them. Third，how to improve our listening and speaking? 3.________ And we can answer the questions in class；don’t be afraid of making mistakes. I think it’s useful to us. Finally，it’s about reading and writing.4.________ And try our best to retell them. We can also keep a diary every day，and spend an hour practicing English.
5．________ If necessary，we can turn to our classmates and teachers for help instead of giving up. If we don’t study hard，it’s difficult to learn English well.
A．To begin with，you can recite as many words as you can.
B．First，we must be confident enough to learn English and be interested in it.
C．Whenever we meet difficulties in our English study，we shouldn’t lose heart.
D．We can sing English songs，listen to the radio and listen to tapes every day.
E．Then how can we make rapid progress and learn English well?
F．In a word，we will make rapid progress.
G．When we are free，we can read articles in English.
【解题导语】 人人都知道学习英语的重要性，但是很少有人知道如何学好英语。本文中作者就此问题给出了四条建议，并告诉我们学习英语遇见困难的时候该怎么办。
1．E 解析：根据前句And we always know learning English is very important，but few students know how to learn English well.可知我们都知道学习英语很重要，但是很少学生知道如何学好英语。接下来就应该是过渡句：我们如何才能够学好英语呢？故E项符合上下文。
2．B 解析：根据横线后面的second...；可知横线上叙述的是第一条学习英语的方法。故B项：First，we must be confident enough to learn English and be interested in it.和上下文一致。
3．D 解析：前面一句Third，how to improve our listening and speaking？提出如何提高我们的听说技能？本句应该回答这个问题。D项：We can sing English songs，listen to the radio and listen to tapes every day.我们可以听歌，听收音机和录音机。通过这些方法来练习听说技能。
4．G 解析：前句Finally，it’s about reading and writing.可知接下来叙述阅读和写作技能的技巧，G项：When we are free，we can read articles in English.当我们有空的时候，我们多阅读英语文章。这属于提高阅读技能。
5．C 解析：根据后句If necessary，we can turn to our classmates and teachers for help instead of giving up.讲述的是当我们遇见困难的时候，可以向同学和老师求助。那么本段中继续的是如何面对学习英语的困难，所以C项：Whenever we meet difficulties in our English study，we shouldn’t lose heart.与本段主题一致。
短文改错
I was born in an extreme poor area in my city. When I was a child, nobody talked to I about going to college. Why? Because of nobody around me had been to college. When I was finally admitted to college, I faced big problem—my family had no money. I had to pay for everything that I need at college. In order to do that, I had to working part-time.Life at college was very difficulty for me. Luckily, I finished it. Now since I go back to my neighborhood, I talk to children about the importance of go to college. I hope they’ll receive a good educate, too.
答案：
I was born in an poor area in my city. When I was a child, nobody talked to about going to college. Why? Because nobody around me had been to college. When I was finally admitted to college, I faced big problem—my family had no money. I had to pay for everything that I at college. In order to do that, I had to part-time. Life at college was very for me. Luckily, I finished it. Now I go back to my neighborhood, I talk to children about the importance of to college. I hope they’ll receive a good ， too.
课件59张PPT。Unit 2 Languageoccupiesoccupied inoccupies herself in lookingoccupiedcontributionstosolvingcontributed money tocontributed tocontributeddefeatedwonbeat/defeatwith/byin place of the present managerto replace the present managertake the place of the present managerraise moneyrisingraised roseariseof fromintoin that/which consists of that/which is made up of consisting ofmade up ofnamed asby the name of Aside fromexcept forbesides except aside fromunderof control前加theeverything前加ofato believeleads to failurebecausewhyThat was becauseThat was whywhy she was late was thatdo hopedoesWhile the students came from different countries,while I was walking 本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
[学生用书P37]
品句填词
1．Our army won the battle and ____________(占领) the upland.
答案：occupied
2．The city was a ____________(混合体) of old and new buildings.
答案：mixture
3．I happen to have the ____________(官方的) statistics with me.
答案：official
4．The car is in the ____________(过程) of repair.
答案：process
5．This dam supplies the ____________(整个的) city with water.
答案：entire
6．How many players does a baseball team ____________(组成) of?
答案：consist
7．Many nameless heroes made ____________(贡献) to our nation.
答案：contributions
8．Nothing can ____________(代替) a mother’s love.
答案：replace
9．It was a sound strategy to ____________(击败) the enemy.
答案：defeat
10．There is a small ____________(区别) between the two words.
答案：distinction
单句改错
1．Fully occupying in caring for her daughter at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club. ____________________
答案：occupying→occupied
2．Fresh air and exercise contribute good health. ____________________
答案：contribute后加to
3．Apart for his nose, he’s quite good-looking. ____________________
答案：for→from
4．How did that life get out of the control in the first place? ____________________
答案：去掉第一个the
5．It was your encouragement that led me great progress. ____________________
答案：me后加to
完成句子
1．There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery ________________(而另一个人), also intelligent, fails.
答案：while another man
2．She ________________________________________(一整天都忙于家务活), so she was tired out.
＝__________________________(一整天都忙于家务活), she was tired out.(过去分词作状语)
＝__________________________________________(一整天都忙于家务活), she was tired out.(现在分词作状语)
答案：was occupied in doing housework all day；Occupied in doing housework all day；Occupying herself in doing housework all day
3．________________________(尽管因特网缩短了) the distance between people, it may also be breaking some home or will cause other family problems.
答案：While the Internet is shortening
4．I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.____________________________(那就是我全身湿透的原因)．
答案：That’s why I got wet through
5．Our government __________________________________(的确需要采取一些措施) to reduce the housing price.
答案：does need to take some measures
课文语法填空
Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language which 1.____________(call) Celtic.At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings began to move to Britain and brought their languages.By the 10th century, Old English 2.____________(become) the official language of England.In 1066 the Normans defeated England and took control 3.____________ the country.4.____________， the Norman Conquest didn’t affect English as 5.____________(more) as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory, 6.____________ led to Old English 7.____________(replace) Celtic.Old French made 8.____________(contribute) to Middle English as well.Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century.But this was not the end of the changes in the English language.It is certain 9.____________ English will keep on 10.____________(change) in the future.
答案：1.was called 2.had become 3.of 4.However
5．much 6.which 7.replacing 8.contributions 9.that
10．changing
A卷 [学生用书P101(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．He ____________(do) come but soon went back.
答案：did
2．There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, ____________ there’s little in the northeast.
答案：while
3．That is ____________ I am not in favour of the plan.
答案：why
4．Such a mistake would perhaps lead ____________ disastrous consequences.
答案：to
5．This island was named ____________ its discoverer.
答案：after
6．Taxes consist ____________ the money which people pay to support their government.
答案：of
7．____________(occupy) herself with preparing for the final exams, she has no time to pursue her hobbies.
答案：Occupying
8．Chaplin has made a great ____________(contribute) to filmdom.
答案：contribution
9．The ship’s name has been painted out and replaced ____________ a new one.
答案：with
10．Aside ____________ the Joneses, I do not know anybody in this village.
答案：from
阅读理解
People all need friends because nobody wants to be lonely and a friend can help you in good and bad times.You’ve made friends since childhood，but you still don’t know who your true friends are.Here are some signs to tell you if your friend is a true friend.
Always honest
Honesty is important to keep a relationship alive.A true friend always tells you the truth.It may be hard sometimes but lying can destroy a friendship.It is important that your friend speaks honestly and never makes up stories.
________
There are always periods in your life when you have problems or difficulties.A true friend will always have time to listen to your problems and give you advice.It may not be able to offer a solution to your problems but the fact that your friend makes time to listen is a sign he/she cares for you.Your friend is not a true friend if he/she can never make time for you when you are in trouble.You also need to be reasonable and accept that your friend also has other things to do so he/she can’t always listen immediately to your problems.
Always respectful(尊敬的)
A true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.Your true friend may disagree but never insists that he/she is correct.
Always understanding
It is possible that some problems will arise between you and your friend.A true friend will always be forgiving(体谅的)and understanding，even if it isn’t his/her fault.We are all different people and we all make mistakes.A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesn’t want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.
【解题导语】 什么样的朋友才是真正的朋友呢？本文给出了答案。
1．What’s the best title for the third paragraph?
A．Always there for you
B．Keep your secrets
C．Always happy for you
D．Remember your important days
A 解析：标题归纳题。本段主要讲真正的朋友在你遇到困难的时候会在你身边。
2．According to the passage，a true friend will always________．
A．follow your advice
B．offer a solution to your problems
C．listen immediately to your problems
D．respect your opinion even if he/she disagrees with it
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的第一句“A true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.”可知真正的朋友会尊重你的观点，不管他(或她)是否同意，故选D。
3．A true friend will always forgive and understand you because________．
A．he/she wants to help you
B．he/she doesn’t want to lose you
C．he/she wants you to feel confident
D．he/she doesn’t care about your mistakes
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesn’t want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.”可知答案。
4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A．To teach us how to make true friends.
B．To find out how long a friendship can last.
C．To introduce his experience in making friends.
D．To tell us how to find out if a friend is a true friend.
D 解析：写作意图题。本文意在告诉我们如何判断一个朋友是不是真正的朋友。
完形填空
Facial expressions carry meanings that depend on situations and relationships.For instance, in American culture the smile is typically an expression of __1__．Yet it has other functions.A smile may __2__love, politeness, or __3__every true feeling.It is also a source of confusion across __4__．For example, many people in Russia __5__smiling at strangers in public just to be unsure or even suspicious(疑心)．Yet many Americans __6__freely at strangers in public places.
Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong __7__； some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile __8__．In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is __9__used to cover emotional or mental difficulty, discomfort or anxiety.
Our __10__make our emotions and attitude known, but we __11__not try to “read” people from another culture __12__we could “read” someone from our own culture.The __13__of facial expressiveness one shows changes among persons and cultures.The __14__that members of one culture do not __15__their emotions as openly as members of __16__do does not mean that they do not experience emotions.Rather their cultures __17__them expressing their emotions and attitudes freely.
If we __18__people whose ways of showing emotions are not the same according to our own cultural __19__， we may make the mistakes of “reading” the other persons __20__．
【解题导语】 在不同的国家， 某些面部表情， 如微笑， 可能表示不同的意义。
1．A.satisfaction B．excitement
C．surprise D．pleasure
D 解析：pleasure表示 “愉快， 快乐”， 概括性最强， 指满意、兴奋等多种欢乐的感觉。
2．A.sound B．show
C．tell D．seem
B 解析：微笑除了表示快乐之外， 它还可用来 “表明” 你的爱、 礼貌等。show在此表示 “表明”， 最后一段有提示。
3．A.include B．explain
C．cover D．suggest
C 解析：此处意为 “或者包括每一种真实感受”。cover表示 “包括， 涵盖”。
4．A.cultures B．oceans
C．nations D．countries
A 解析：后文提到美国人、俄罗斯人， 又提到东南亚的cultures。下文也多次提到culture, 故选A。
5．A.enjoy B．keep
C．consider D．continue
B 解析：俄罗斯人往往在公共场所面带微笑， 仅仅是对陌生人没把握或有疑心。keep doing sth.一直做某事。
6．A.stare B．smile
C．look D．about
B 解析：同样是对陌生人， 但与俄罗斯人不同， 美国人的态度是很随和地 “微笑”。本段也多次提到smile一词。
7．A.time B．place
C．way D．manner
B 解析：俄罗斯人认为美国人不是笑的方式不对， 时间不对(at the wrong time), 而是场合(place)不对。
8．A.enough B．exactly
C．openly D．well
A 解析：美国人认为俄罗斯人微笑太少， 不是笑得好与不好， enough足够， 充分。
9．A.completely B．never
C．frequently D．always
C 解析：此处意为“人们常常用微笑来掩饰情绪上或精神上的问题， 不舒服或焦虑”。
10．A.hands B．faces
C．bodies D．eyes
B 解析：全文都在讲述facial expressions, smile, 故选B。
11．A.need B．should
C．could D．would
B 解析：本句承上启下， 正因为上文提到笑所体现的文化差异， 因此我们不应当用自己的文化去理解另一个文化背景的人。
12．A.as B．since
C．though D．unless
A 解析：as引导状语从句， 表示 “像我们解读和我们有着共同文化渊源的人一样去理解不同文化背景的人”。
13．A.point B．reason
C．balance D．degree
D 解析：一个人面部表情变化的程度因人与文化的不同而不同。四个词中只有degree能与上下文搭配， 表示面部表情变化的 “程度”。
14．A.fact B．news
C．demand D．order
A 解析：that引导的同位语从句作fact的同位语。
15．A.find B．form
C．control D．express
D 解析：express在文中已多次出现， 从首句facial expressions到本段落最后部分expressing their emotions...均表明D是正确选项。
16．A.another B．the other
C．others D．the others
A 解析：根据前文中 “people from another culture” 可推知选A。
17．A.keep B．feel
C．make D．prevent
D 解析：从上下文可知， 此处是说“并非他们没有感情方面的经历， 而是其文化背景使之不能自由表露情感”， prevent阻止。
18．A.observe B．think
C．watch D．judge
D 解析：judge...by/according to...表示 “根据……来判断”。
19．A.way B．life
C．manners D．patterns
D 解析：cultural pattern指 “文化模式”。pattern表示 “模式， 方式”。
20．A.incorrectly B．properly
C．directly D．correctly
A 解析：由前文提到的 “make the mistakes of...” 可知是 “不正确/不恰当地(incorrectly)” 解读别人所致。
B卷 [学生用书P103(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
While some primary schools no longer have recess(课间休息), and people like New Jersey Governor Chris Christie argue(争论) that school days should be even longer, a few schools are already moving in a different direction. Some are testing out standing desks, and realizing that a little bit of activity can actually be good for students’attention. Others, like Ward Elementary in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, are starting to fill classrooms with exercise bikes, so students can work out while they learn.
The Read and Ride program at Ward began five years ago. One classroom is equipped with enough exercise bikes for a full class of students, and teachers bring students there throughout the day to use them. As they ride, they read.
As the primary school studied testing data(数据) at the end of the school year, they found that students who had spent the most time in the program achieved an 83% proficiency(熟练度) in reading, while those who spent the least time in the program had failing scores—only 41% proficiency.
“Riding exercise bikes makes reading fun for many kids who get frustrated(挫败的) when they read，” says Scott Ertl, who started the program.“They have a way to deal with that frustration they feel while they ride.”
Using the bikes also gets students to exercise when they might not otherwise want to in gym class.“Many students who are overweight struggle with sports and activities since they don’t want to always be last or lose，” Ertl explains. “On exercise bikes, students can exercise at a comfortable pace according to their own level—without anyone noticing when they slow down or take a break.”
Over the last five years, the Read and Ride program has been introduced to 30 other schools.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。美国一所小学用自行车替代课桌，让学生在阅读的同时运动健身。
1．Which of the following would Chris Christie agree with?
A．Students should have a good rest.
B．Students should do more exercise.
C．Students should use standing desks.
D．Students should spend more time studying.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的Chris Christie argue(争论) that school days should be even longer可知，他认为学生在校学习时间应该延长，即花更多的时间学习。
2．What do the numbers in Paragraph 3 show?
A．The program helps students learn better.
B．Students show great interest in the program.
C．The program is more popular with primary schools.
D．Slow learners are more willing to take part in the program.
A 解析：推理判断题。第三段的数据是对“边读书边骑车”计划对学生阅读能力影响的分析——在该计划中花费时间最多的学生在阅读方面达到了83%的熟练度，而那些在该计划中花费时间最少的学生只有41%的熟练度。由此可知，该计划有利于帮助学生学得更好。
3．According to Scott Ertl, what’s one advantage of the program?
A．It can replace the gym class.
B．It makes reading more interesting.
C．It teaches students how to lose weight.
D．It allows students to get close to nature.
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段Scott Ertl介绍该计划的优势Riding exercise bikes makes reading fun for many kids who get frustrated(挫败的) when they read可知答案。
4．What can we learn about the program?
A．More sports activities will be added to it.
B．It has got support from the government.
C．Many people have doubts about it.
D．It has proved to be a success.
D 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的the Read and Ride program has been introduced to 30 other schools可知，该计划经证明是成功的。
B
For people living in the digital(数字的) age, it has become almost required to be active on social media. Facebook has been around for more than 10 years. And with the large increase in the number of people using Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat, social media take up a large part of our everyday lives. They allow us to communicate with our family and friends easily. They also allow us to join some organizations and meet some new people we would have never had the chance to know without social media. However, social media can also be annoying sometimes.
For me, I find it upsetting to always be aware of where people are and what they’re doing. This was my problem with Snapchat, because it makes you walk through other people’s life all the time. Back when Facebook was becoming popular, people began pointing out how it may be unhealthy, because it allows you to compare your life with the lives people choose to make public. This is especially a problem on some platforms like Snapchat. It was upsetting to go through stories on a lazy Saturday evening where you see people out doing things while you’re just sitting at home watching Netflix.
This is not to paint social media as some damaging force that is ruining lives. Most people can use social media without getting annoyed or hurt. If you feel like your social media use is healthy and it makes you happy, then I encourage you to continue. However, if you think it brings out the worst in you, consider taking a break. I’m not meaning never using Twitter again, but taking a few weeks or months to step away and remove it from your life. I left both my Twitter and Snapchat accounts active in case I wish to make the return in the future. For now, I’m enjoying the freedom that goes without having to check every notification(通知) and knowing everything about everyone to focus on myself.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。现在社交媒体在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用，但是也给我们的生活带来了一些消极的影响。
5．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us about social media?
A．They are considered annoying by most users.
B．They have become popular all over the world.
C．They are considered a must by different age groups.
D．They have played an important role in our daily life.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的 And with the large increase in the number of people using Twitter...chance to know without social media.可推测，第一段表明社交媒体现在在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用。
6．What was the author’s problem with Snapchat?
A．She always had to pay attention to others’ activities.
B．She didn’t have much to share with others.
C．She found it difficult for her to use it.
D．She was too busy to use it.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的 For me, I find it upsetting to always...because it makes you walk through other people’s life all the time.可知，作者的问题是：她不得不经常去关注别人的生活。
7．When the author was going through stories on Snapchat, how did she most probably respond?
A．She was deeply moved.
B．She felt happy for others.
C．She was greatly inspired.
D．She felt sad about her life.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的 Back when Facebook was becoming popular, people began...while you’re just sitting at home watching Netflix.可推断，作者看到那上面的帖子最有可能为自己的生活感到难过。
8．Which of the following statements would the author most probably agree with?
A．Instagram is more popular with people.
B．People should leave social media once for all.
C．Social media have more disadvantages than advantages.
D．We should use social media according to our actual situations.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的 If you feel like your social media use is healthy...consider taking a break.可推断，我们应该根据自己的实际情况来选择是否使用社交媒体。
七选五
Everyone knows English is one of the most important subjects in middle schools. And we always know learning English is very important，but few students know how to learn English well.1.________
I think if we have a right way to learn English，and we work hard，then we must learn English well. But what is the right way？2.________ Second，everyone knows remembering new words is important，but how to remember them？I think we can copy new words on pieces of paper，and take them with us. When we are free，we can read them. Third，how to improve our listening and speaking? 3.________ And we can answer the questions in class；don’t be afraid of making mistakes. I think it’s useful to us. Finally，it’s about reading and writing.4.________ And try our best to retell them. We can also keep a diary every day，and spend an hour practicing English.
5．________ If necessary，we can turn to our classmates and teachers for help instead of giving up. If we don’t study hard，it’s difficult to learn English well.
A．To begin with，you can recite as many words as you can.
B．First，we must be confident enough to learn English and be interested in it.
C．Whenever we meet difficulties in our English study，we shouldn’t lose heart.
D．We can sing English songs，listen to the radio and listen to tapes every day.
E．Then how can we make rapid progress and learn English well?
F．In a word，we will make rapid progress.
G．When we are free，we can read articles in English.
【解题导语】 人人都知道学习英语的重要性，但是很少有人知道如何学好英语。本文中作者就此问题给出了四条建议，并告诉我们学习英语遇见困难的时候该怎么办。
1．E 解析：根据前句And we always know learning English is very important，but few students know how to learn English well.可知我们都知道学习英语很重要，但是很少学生知道如何学好英语。接下来就应该是过渡句：我们如何才能够学好英语呢？故E项符合上下文。
2．B 解析：根据横线后面的second...；可知横线上叙述的是第一条学习英语的方法。故B项：First，we must be confident enough to learn English and be interested in it.和上下文一致。
3．D 解析：前面一句Third，how to improve our listening and speaking？提出如何提高我们的听说技能？本句应该回答这个问题。D项：We can sing English songs，listen to the radio and listen to tapes every day.我们可以听歌，听收音机和录音机。通过这些方法来练习听说技能。
4．G 解析：前句Finally，it’s about reading and writing.可知接下来叙述阅读和写作技能的技巧，G项：When we are free，we can read articles in English.当我们有空的时候，我们多阅读英语文章。这属于提高阅读技能。
5．C 解析：根据后句If necessary，we can turn to our classmates and teachers for help instead of giving up.讲述的是当我们遇见困难的时候，可以向同学和老师求助。那么本段中继续的是如何面对学习英语的困难，所以C项：Whenever we meet difficulties in our English study，we shouldn’t lose heart.与本段主题一致。
短文改错
I was born in an extreme poor area in my city. When I was a child, nobody talked to I about going to college. Why? Because of nobody around me had been to college. When I was finally admitted to college, I faced big problem—my family had no money. I had to pay for everything that I need at college. In order to do that, I had to working part-time.Life at college was very difficulty for me. Luckily, I finished it. Now since I go back to my neighborhood, I talk to children about the importance of go to college. I hope they’ll receive a good educate, too.
答案：
I was born in an poor area in my city. When I was a child, nobody talked to about going to college. Why? Because nobody around me had been to college. When I was finally admitted to college, I faced big problem—my family had no money. I had to pay for everything that I at college. In order to do that, I had to part-time. Life at college was very for me. Luckily, I finished it. Now I go back to my neighborhood, I talk to children about the importance of to college. I hope they’ll receive a good ， too.
Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & Project
1．custom n． 风俗， 习俗
2．interrupt vi.&vt. 插嘴，打断，暂停
3．represent vt. 代表；展示，描绘
4．distinguish vt. 区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
5．embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪→embarrassed adj.尴尬的；局促不安的→embarrassing adj.令人为难的；尴尬的→embarrassment n．困窘；尴尬；难堪
6．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.推断出；使结束vi.结束；总结；
7．mistaken adj.错误的；误解的→mistake n．错误；误会；过失v.误解；弄错
8．combine vt.&vi.组合；(使)联合→combination n．结合；结合到一起的事物或人
9．convenient adj.方便的→convenience n．便利；舒适；适宜
10．indicate vt.显示；表示；象征，暗示→indication n．指示；表示；迹象
1．up_and_down 上上下下；来来回回； 起起伏伏
2．make_fun_of 取笑
3．in_conclusion 总之；综上所述；最后
4．differ_from 和……不同， 不同于
5．stand_for 代表， 象征
6．as_a_whole 作为整体，总体上
7．turn_into 变成
8．in_the_1950s 在20世纪50年代
9．ought_to 应当，应该
10．as_a_result_of 由于， 作为……的结果
1．all与否定词连用，构成部分否定
Not_all(不是所有的) characters were developed from drawings of objects.
2．“be of＋名词”结构
While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be_of_practical_use(实用)．
Read the text in P38 carefully and choose the best answer.
1．The main difference between the Chinese language and many Western languages should be that________.
A．the characters the Chinese language uses have meanings and can work alone as words, while Western languages can’t
B．Western languages are usually formed by combining and mixing many different languages from different countries
C．the Chinese language has a longer history than Western languages
2．How many kinds of Chinese characters are mentioned in the passage?
A．1. B．2. C．4.
3．Which is the correct explanation about the forming of the character “休” ?
A．A man lying on the ground with his arms crossed.
B．A man running.
C．A man lying against a tree.
答案：1－3.ABC
The development of Chinese characters①
The Chinese language differs from② Western languages in that③， instead of an alphabet④，it uses characters which stand for⑤ ideas，objects or deeds⑥.Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases⑦，a single character can also make up⑧ a word. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed.
Chinese writing⑨began thousands of years ago. According toB10 an ancient story，a man named Cang Jie? invented? Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting? ，he saw the tracks? of animals in the snow and observed that the appearance? of mountain each one was different. Then he had the idea mountain that he could use different shapes to represent? different objects? . The first Chinese characters were drawings?of physical? objects. Some characters have been simplified?and others have been made more difficult over time(. However, as a whole(，the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops( together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays.
①Chinese character 汉字
②differ from 和……不同，不同于
differ['dIf?(r)]vi. 相异，有区别
③in that“在于，因为”，引导原因状语从句。
④alphabet['?lf?bet]n.(一种语言的)字母表，全部字母
⑤stand for 代表，象征
⑥deed[di?d]n. 行为，行动
which 引导的定语从句，修饰 characters。
⑦in many cases 在许多情况下 ⑧make up 构成
⑨writing['raItI?]n. 文字；文字作品
according to 根据，是介词短语，后跟名词作宾语。
?过去分词短语 named Cang Jie 是后置定语，修饰 a man。
?invent v. 发明；创造；捏造 discover 发现
?hunt[h?nt]vt.&vi. 打猎，猎杀，搜寻 ?track n. 踪迹
?appearance[?'pI?r?ns]n. 外观，外貌
?represent[?reprI'zent]vt. 代表；展示，描绘
?that he could...是同位语从句，解释说明 idea 的具体内容。
?drawing['dr??I?] n．绘画，绘画艺术
?physical adj. 有形的；实物的；物质的；物理的
?simplify['sImplIfaI]vt. 简化
over time 随着时间的推移；久而久之
as a whole 作为整体，总体上
mountaintop n. 山顶
汉字的发展
汉语与西方语言的区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体或行为。中文的词语是通过把不同的汉字放在一起而组成的。在许多情况下，一个单字也能构成一个词。通过研究这些汉字是如何发展的就可以考察汉语的历史了。
汉字起源于数千年前。根据古代传说，一位名叫仓颉的人发明了汉字。他在某个冬日打猎时，看到各种动物留在雪中的足迹，他发现足迹的外观各不相同，接着他有了用不同形状代表不同物体的想法。最初的汉字只是表现有形物体的图画。随着时间的推移，一些汉字被简化了，而另一些则变得更加复杂了。然而，总体看来，汉字已从图画发展成了标准形式。表示“山”的汉字最初是三座山峰并列，接着又变为一座山峰和三根线条，随着时间的推移，最终才演化成了我们今天使用的这个汉字。
Not all( characters were developed from drawings of objects. Sometimes to express ideas(，some characters were made by combining( two or more characters together. For example(，‘rest’was made up of( the characters for a man and a tree. The character ‘prisoner’was formed with( a ‘man’ inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers.It is easy to distinguish( their meanings by looking at them( ，for example, the characters for ‘up’and ‘down’，which are opposites(of each other(.
Though these kinds of characters indicate( meanings, one of their shortcomings( is that they do not show how they should be pronounced(. Therefore(，a method was developed to have( one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today( were made this way.
In the 1950s( the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters( and now they have widespread use in China’s mainland.
Not all...是部分否定句式，意为“并不是所有的……都……”。
动词不定式短语 to express ideas 作目的状语。
combine[k?m'baIn]vt.& vi. 组合；(使)联合
combine sth. and sth. (together) 使某物与另一物相结合起来
combine sth. with sth. 把某物与另一物相混合
for example 例如
be made up of 由……组成/构成
be formed with 由……组成
distinguish[dI'stI?ɡwI?]vt. 区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
it 为形式主语，真正的主语是 to distinguish...。
opposite n. 对应物；对立面
which are opposites... 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 the characters for ‘up’and ‘down’。
indicate ['IndIkeIt]vt. 显示，表示；象征，暗示
shortcoming['???tk?mI?]n. 缺点，短处
pronounce v. 发音 therefore adv. 因此；所以
have sb./sth.do sth.让某人 /某物做某事
get sb./sth. to do sth. 让某人 /某物做某事
used today 作后置定语，修饰 characters。
in the 1950s 在20世纪50年代
simplified Chinese characters 简化汉字
然而，并不是所有的汉字都是由对实物的描画演变而来的。有时为了表达想法，把两个或更多的汉字联合起来而创造了一些汉字。比如，“休”是由表示“人”和“树”的汉字组合而成的，“囚”字则是由人字位于框中构成的。另一些汉字则用于表示方向和数字。这些汉字你只要看一眼它们的外形就很容易辨别出它们所要表达的意思，如互为反义词的两个汉字“上”和“下”(就属于这种情况)。
虽然这几种类型的汉字能够表意，但是它们的缺点之一是其字形不能显示怎样发音。因此便出现了一种应对之策，即汉字的一部分表意，另一部分表音。今天使用的许多汉字便是用这种方式创造出来的。
20世纪50年代，中国政府推广简化汉字，现在它们已在中国大陆全面普及。
The story of Braille
Usually，when we talk about①reading，we think of②using our eyes to see letters written in ink③on paper.However④，this is not always true.For example，blind people cannot see，but they can still read books.
The man who introduced blind people to reading⑤was Louis Braille(1809－1852)．Braille lost his eyesight⑥at the age of⑦three as a result of⑧an injury.When he was ten，he went to a school for the blind⑨in Paris.In those days，books for blind people used paper pressed⑩against metal wire?to form letters?.Since the metal wire was heavy?，each book weighed?as much as?100 pounds.The whole system was not convenient?for use.Indeed?，the school library only had fourteen such books in it.
In 1821，a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night during times of battle?.His system used paper with small，raised dots that could be felt with the fingers?.Each letter of the alphabet was represented?by a different pattern(which consisted of(twelve dots(.The soldiers would drag(their fingers over the raised dots to read the message.
①talk about说到；谈到
②think of想到；考虑
③ink[I?k]n.墨水，油墨
④however是副词，意为“然而”，表示转折关系。
⑤who 引导定语从句，修饰the man。introduce...to/into
把……引入/介绍……到。
⑥eyesight['aIsaIt]n.视力
⑦at the age of在……岁时
⑧as a result of由于；因为；作为……的结果
⑨the blind盲人；the＋adj.表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
press[pres]vt.(被)压，挤，推，施加压力n.报刊；新闻界；
出版社；press against压在……上(压住，施压于)
?wire['waI?(r)]n.金属丝；铁丝网
?动词不定式短语to form letters作目的状语。
?since用作连词，意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。
?weigh v．重达；有……重量
?as much as多达；和……一样多
?convenient[k?n'vi?nI?nt]adj.方便的
be convenient for sb.对某人来说方便
?indeed adv.事实上；的确
?battle['b?tl]n.&vi.战斗
?with small...fingers作定语修饰paper；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词dots。
?represent v．代表；表示
pattern['p?tn]n.图案，花纹；模式，方式
consist of由……组成/构成，不用于进行时态和被动语态。
which引导定语从句，修饰先行词pattern。
drag[dr?ɡ]vt.(使劲地)拖，拉
布莱叶盲文的故事
通常，当我们谈到阅读时，我们会想到用眼睛去看纸上墨水写成的字母。然而，情况并不总是这样的。比如，盲人无法看到东西，但他们仍能阅读书籍。
将盲人领入阅读世界的人是路易斯·布莱叶(1809—1852)。布莱叶在3岁时因为受伤而失明。10岁时，他进入巴黎的一所盲人学校就读。那时候，盲人用书是用纸压在金属丝上来形成字母。因为金属丝很重，所以每本书都会重达100磅。整个系统用起来不方便。事实上，学校图书馆也只有14本这样的书。
1821年，一位士兵参观学校并向学生们展示了一种战时夜间传递信息的方法。他的方法是使用带小凸点的纸张，这些小凸点可以用手指感觉出来。字母表里的每一个字母都由12个点组成的不同形状来表示。因此士兵们可以用手指触摸凸点来阅读信息。
While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting(，the system was too difficult to(be of practical(use.However，young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on(it.At the age of fifteen，he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter(.‘Braille’，the system for reading used today by blind people around the world(，was thus(born.
The blind can easily recognize(Braille with the fingers. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter(.Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing(，and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version( of Braille for its people to use.
while 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。
too...to...太……而不能……
practical['pr?ktIkl]adj.切实可行的，实用的
of practical use 意为“实用的”，一般来说，“of＋抽象名词”相当于形容词，常用作表语。
work on 从事
with patterns of six raised dots...是由“with＋n.＋v.-ing 形式”构成的 with 复合结构，作后置定语，修饰 a system。
around the world 世界各地
thus[e?s]adv.以此方式，如此；因此，从而
recognize v．识别；认出；认识
typewriter['taIpraIt?(r)]n.打字机
过去分词短语 used by blind...作定语，修饰 system。
version['v???n]n.版本
虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一想法太过复杂，并不实用。然而年幼的路易斯·布莱叶采纳了这个想法并着手完善它。15岁时，他创造出了可以由6个凸点来表示每个字母的体系。“布莱叶盲人点字法”，这一当今被全世界盲人广泛使用的阅读体系就此诞生了。
盲人可以轻松地用手指辨别布莱叶盲文。他们也可以使用特殊的打字机，方便地用布莱叶盲文书写。今天，布莱叶盲文是最为普及的盲人阅读及书写体系，几乎每种语言，包括汉语，都有着自己的布莱叶盲文版本供盲人使用。
embarrass vt.使尴尬， 使难堪
(教材P35)She is making fun of you and trying to embarrass you into trying harder.
她在取笑你并尽力让你知耻而后勇。
embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬/难堪的
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬/难堪的
embarrassment n. 尴尬， 难堪(不可数); 令人难堪的人/事(可数)
①He didn’t mean to embarrass you.
他不是成心让你难堪。
②I don’t like making speeches in public; it’s so embarrassing(embarrass)．
我不喜欢在公开场合演讲， 太难为情了。
③She was embarrassed when they asked her the embarrassing question about her age.(embarrass)
他们问她年龄这个令人尴尬的问题时， 她感到很难为情。
④I nearly died of embarrassment(embarrass) when he said that.
他说那话差点儿把我给难堪死了。
conclusion n．[C]结论；推论； 结尾
(教材P36)In conclusion, we need to know the customs of a country so that we do not make others embarrassed or annoyed. 最后， 我们需要了解一个国家的习俗， 以便不让别人尴尬或生气。
(1)draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion
得出结论
in conclusion 最后
(2)conclude vt. 断定， 推断；结束
conclude from 根据……推断
conclude sth.with sth.by doing sth. 以……结束……
①I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will, there is a way.
我从我自己的经历中得出结论： 有志者， 事竟成。
②In_conclusion,_I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后， 我想说我今天玩得很开心。
③From what he says I conclude that he has not much interest in it.
我从他所说的话来判断， 他对此没有多大兴趣。
④He concluded his speech with a famous saying: It’s never too late to start.
他以一句名言“只要去做永不为晚”结束他的演讲。
[巧学活用]——用conclude的相关用法完成小片段
Jack said he could (1)conclude_from Jane’s expression that Jane had stolen his money.But everyone knew Jack always (2)came_to_a_conclusion without any evidence to support his (3)conclusion．(4)In_conclusion,_nobody was likely to believe Jane was a thief.
combine vt.& vi.(使)联合；(使)结合；兼有， 兼备
(教材P38)Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together.
有时为了表达想法把两个或更多的汉字联合起来而创造了一些汉字。
(1)combine with 与……结合
combine...with... 把……与……结合起来
(2)combination n. 结合；联合；化合(物)
①You should try to combine exercise with a balanced diet.
你应该尽力将锻炼和平衡的饮食相结合。
②We consider it necessary to combine theory with practice.
我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。
distinguish vt.区分， 辨别；使具有某种特征
(教材P38)It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for ‘up’and ‘down’， which are opposites of each other.
这些汉字你只要看一眼它们的外形就很容易辨别出它们所要表达的意思， 如互为反义词的两个汉字 “上” 和 “下”(就属于这种情况)。
(1)distinguish A from B 区分/辨别A和B
distinguish oneself as... 作为……而享有盛名
(2)distinguishable adj. 易辨认的
distinguished adj. 杰出的， 著名的
①Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.
人类和动物的区别在于人会说话。
②The twins were so much alike that it was impossible to distinguish one _from the other.
这对孪生子像得使人无法分辨。
③She distinguished herself(she) by her coolness and bravery.
她因头脑冷静、敢作敢为而为人称道。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。
Reading good books enriches our mind and teaches us to_distinguish_between_right_and_wrong．
convenient adj.方便的
(教材P39)The whole system was not convenient for use.
整个系统用起来不方便。
(1)sth.be convenient for... 某事物对于……来说是便利的
It’s convenient for sb.to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是便利的。
(2)conveniently adv. 便利地
(3)convenience n. 方便
at one’s convenience 在某人方便时
①It is science and technology that makes our life more convenient.
是科学技术使我们的生活更加方便。
②We bought this house for its convenience(convenient)．
我们买下这所房子是为了方便。
③Please come at your convenience.
请你在方便的时候来。
④It was convenient that she went to school from here.
她从这里上学很方便。
convenient作表语时， 不可用人作主语， 而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。 “当你方便的时候” 应翻译成when it is convenient for you, 而不是when you are convenient。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)如果你方便的话，让我们8：30在学校门口碰头。
If it’s_convenient_for_you,_let’s meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.
(2)如果方便的话， 你应该多进行户外运动， 这有助于你保持良好的心态。
If_it_is_convenient_for_you/At_your_convenience,_you should do more outdoor exercise, which can contribute to you keeping up a good state of mind.
differ from 和……不同
(教材P38)The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.
汉语与西方语言的区别在于它不使用字母， 而是用汉字表示思想、物体或行为。
(1)differ from...in... 在……(方面)不同于……
differ with sb.on/about sth. 在……上与某人意
见不一
(2)different adj. 不同的
be different from... 与……不同
(3)difference n． 差别；差异
tell the difference between...and...
辨别……和……
make a difference to... 对……起作用， 对……有
影响
①Man differs from beasts in that the former is able to laugh, while the latter aren’t.
人不同于野兽， 因前者能笑， 而后者却不能。
②Pay attention to uniting and working with comrades who differ with you.
注意团结那些和你意见不同的同志一起工作。
③Even if they are completely different from each other in character，they are still good friends.
即使他们在性格方面完全不同，他们仍旧是好朋友。
④I can’t tell the difference(differ) between Tom and his twin brother. 我分不清汤姆和他的孪生兄弟。
⑤Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference.
从此以后，许多科学家认为我们的行动的确发挥了作用。
stand for 代表， 象征； 支持， 主张； 容忍
(教材P38)The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.
汉语与西方语言的区别在于它不使用字母， 而是用汉字表示思想、物体或行为。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中stand for的含义
(1)In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck. 代表
(2)We should respect people of all faiths and stand for religious freedom. 支持，_主张
(3)I will not stand for behavior of that kind in my house. 容忍
(4)As we know, pigeons stand for peace. 象征
stand out 醒目， 突出
stand up for 支持， 维护
stand by 站在一旁， 袖手旁观； 支持
①Red plums stand out against the white snow.
红梅衬着白雪十分醒目。
②We knew they would stand_by us no matter what we’d done.
我们知道不论我们做了什么他们都会支持我们的。
③You can stand_up_for your right.
你可以为你的权利据理力争。
turn into 变成
(教材P38)This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays. 接着又变为一座山峰和三根线条， 随着时间的推移，最终才演化成了我们今天使用的这个汉字。
turn up 找到， 发现； (音量)调大； 出现
turn down 降低， 减弱， 调低；拒绝
turn in 交还， 上交
turn on 打开
turn off 关闭
turn out 证明是， 结果是
①He has turned into a nice boy finally.
他最终变成了一个不错的男孩。
②Once he turned up thirty minutes late for a meeting!
曾经有一次他到会时已迟到了30分钟！
③I invited him to come to the party, but he turned_down．我邀请他来参加聚会， 但他拒绝了。
[巧学活用]——用turn短语填空
(1)My wallet was turned_in to the police two days after it was stolen.
(2)Tom looks upset because he had his proposal turned_down again.
(3)New technologies have made it possible to turn_out new products faster and at a lower cost.
(4)Don’t turn_off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems.
(5)If you invite people to a party at 7 o’clock your guests will consider it polite to turn_up exactly on time in Germany.
(教材P38)Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
然而， 并不是所有的汉字都是由对实物的描画演变而来的。
此句中Not all...为部分否定， 意为 “并非所有的……”。句子可转换成：All characters were not developed from drawings of objects.应特别注意， 转换后的句子仍为部分否定。
部分否定与全部否定的惯用语如下：
部分否定
全部否定
两者
both...not/not both
并非两者都
neither/not...either
两者都不
两者以上
all...not/not all＝some
并非所有……都
every...not/not every/
some/few
并非每一个……都
the whole...not/not...the whole并非全部
not...any/none
没有一个
no one/nobody
没有人
nothing
没有任何事物
①All these books are not popular with people.
＝Not all these books are popular with people.
这些书并非全都受人们的欢迎。
②Not both of them are fond of swimming.＝Both of them are not fond of swimming. 他们两个并非都喜欢游泳。
③Neither of them are doctors. 他俩都不是医生。
[巧学活用]——句型转换
(1)All men here were not honest.
→Not_all men here were honest.
(2)Both of the brothers don’t like the film.
→Not_both of the brothers like the film.
(3)Not every student has passed the exam.
→Every student has not passed the exam.
(教材P39)While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.
虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法有趣， 但这一想法太过复杂， 并不实用。
be of use “有用处， 起作用”， 为 “be of＋名词” 结构。
(1) “be of＋名词” 结构中的名词是抽象名词时， 相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思， 说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用名词有use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/service/benefit/necessity等。
(2) “be of＋名词” 结构中的名词表示种类、数量、度量等时， 表示不同的人或物的共同特征， 此时名词前通常带有冠词。常用名词有size/kind/type/price/height/depth/width/length/weight/age/shape/colour等。
①I do hope this book will be of great value to him in his studies.
＝I do hope this book will be_very_valuable to him in his studies.
我希望这本书对他的学习将会非常有价值。
②I have a lot of good friends of_the_same_age/of_an_age．
我有很多同龄的好朋友。
③These pens are of_many_different_colors．
这些笔有许多不同的颜色。
[巧学活用]——句型转换
(1)What he said at the meeting was very important.
→What he said at the meeting was of_great_importance．
(2)This reference book is useless to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.
→This reference book is_of_no_use to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.
[学生用书P46]
品句填词
1．They came to the ____________(结论) that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.
答案：conclusion
2．She began to explain but I ____________(打断) her.
答案：interrupted
3．That we must ____________(结合) theory with practice is an important principle.
答案：combine
4．Would it be ____________(方便的) for you to leave tomorrow?
答案：convenient
5．Not being punctual is his greatest ____________(缺点)．
答案：shortcoming
6．Don’t ____________(使尴尬) them by asking personal questions.
答案：embarrass
7．The red lines on the map ____________(代表) railways.
答案：represent
8．It’s important to ____________(辨别) fact from fiction.
答案：distinguish
9．The clouds ____________(预示) the coming of rain.
答案：indicate
10．The booklet is very ____________(实用的) and handy of reference.
答案：practical
选词填空
differ from；stand for；as a whole；turn into；in conclusion
1．____________， we would like to thank all those who have worked so hard to bring about this result.
答案：In conclusion
2．What do the letters UN ____________？
答案：stand for
3．The climate of Beijing is mild ____________．
答案：as a whole
4．Opinions on various social questions ____________ person to person.
答案：differ from
5．The botanical garden has ____________ a wilderness.
答案：turned into
完成句子
1．并不是我所有的朋友都懂法语。
All my friends ________________ French.
答案：do not know
2．我看不出他们彼此有什么不同， 在我看来， 他们确实很相像。
I can not see where they ____________________： to me they look exactly alike.
答案：differ from each other
3．当她把水泼到他身上时， 他只给了一个尴尬的微笑。
He only gave ________________ when she spilled the water onto him.
答案：an embarrassed smile
4．事实上体育运动是很有价值的。
In fact sports and games can ____________________．
答案：be of great value
5．氧和碳化合， 形成二氧化碳。
The oxygen and the carbon ________________ carbon dioxide.
答案：combine to form
课文语篇改错
When we are talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written with ink on paper.However, this is not always true.For example, blind people cannot see, and they can still read books.
The man which introduced blind people to read was Louis Braille.Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of a injury.When he was ten，he went to school for the blind in Paris.
In those days, books for blind people used paper pressing against metal wire to form letters.Since the metal wire was heavy，each book weighed as many as 100 pounds.The whole system was not conveniently for use.
答案：
When we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written ink on paper.However, this is not always true.For example, blind people cannot see, they can still read books.
The man introduced blind people to was Louis Braille.Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of injury.When he was ten，he went to school for the blind in Paris.
In those days, books for blind people used paper against metal wire to form letters.Since the metal wire was heavy，each book weighed as as 100 pounds.The whole system was not for use.
A卷 [学生用书P105(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．The headteacher said Jane was of such a gentle ____________(natural)．
答案：nature
2．The letter “x” stands ____________ an unknown number.
答案：for
3．In given conditions a bad thing can be turned ____________ a good one.
答案：into
4．You must consider those matters ____________ a whole.
答案：as
5．Each writer’s style differs ____________ that of another.
答案：from
6．It was a great ____________(convenient) to have the doctor living near us.
答案：convenience
7．He was called Smith Minor to distinguish him ____________ the other Smiths.
答案：from
8．The ____________(combine) of the 50 states forms the United States of America.
答案：combination
9．What ____________(conclude) can we draw from their leave?
答案：conclusion
10．The young man looked ____________(embarrass), as if he were a spy whose cover had been blown.
答案：embarrassed
阅读理解
A
An
increasing number of hares(野兔) have been causing such chaos(混乱) at Milan’s city airport that officials have decided to take immediate measures to try and catch them. Linate airport will close for three hours on Sunday while 200 wildlife experts go out on the runways to catch about 80 hares.
“Hares have been active on the runways for months, confusing the ground radar(雷达), and endangering planes landing and taking off，” say officials. “In the last two weeks hares have ended up below the wheels of two planes，” said Alberto Grancini, the Milan province official in charge of hunting and wildlife. “They could have caused serious accidents.”
The Milan airport’s officials said that the hare population at Linate had greatly increased this year leading to several attempts to drive them away from the airport. Unfortunately, the hares have refused to leave, so the decision has been made to close the airport altogether to try to catch them.
The operation begins on Saturday, when an area of 4 square kilometres will be closed off including the runways and aircraft parking areas. The hare hunters will move in at the beginning of the day on Sunday, catching hares until 8：00 a．m. when Linate will reopen. Twelve flights will have to be rescheduled for later in the day. The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves(保护区) in the Milan area and will be set free, in the hope that they do not find their way back to the airport.
Linate, which is only 7 km from the centre of Milan, was built in the 1930s, and served as the city’s main airport until the modernization of Malpensa, 50km up the road. Linate is mainly used by low-cost airlines such as easyJet, as well as by national carriers such as Alitalia and British Airways.
【解题导语】 本文是一则新闻报道。米兰利纳特机场饱受野兔骚扰之苦，不得不暂时关闭机场，将这些野兔逮住之后请出机场。
1．What do Alberto Grancini’s words mean?
A．Hare hunting should be encouraged.
B．Hares are a real threat to airplanes.
C．Protecting hares is a worrying problem.
D．Hares pay a high price for living at the airport.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的 They could have caused serious accidents.可知，野兔给机场带来了很大的安全隐患。
2．What can we learn about the airport’s earlier attempts to drive the hares away?
A．Brave. B．Creative.
C．Dangerous. D．Fruitless.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 Unfortunately, the hares have refused to leave 可知，先前驱赶野兔离开机场的做法没有效果。
3．How will the hares be dealt with?
A．They will be in the charge of wildlife experts.
B．They will have to find their own way home.
C．They will be brought to a protected area.
D．They will be forced out of Milan.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves(保护区)可知，被逮住的野兔会被带至保护区。
4．According to the last paragraph, Linate airport ________.
A．is 7km away from Malpensa
B．is less popular than before
C．is a century-old airport
D．is a disused airport
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 served as the city’s main airport until the modernization of Malpensa, 50 km up the road 可知，该机场曾是米兰市的主要机场，后来其重要地位被马尔本萨机场取代。
B
There is good news for ladies：The two happiest years of your life might have gone by, but things will not be always bad from now on. Women are most likely to reach the highest point of happiness at 85 years old, according to a new survey by the British National Health Service(NHS)．
To know people’s level of happiness, the 12-question survey asked 8，000 British adults to rate(评估) their levels of self-confidence, anxiety and sleep quality. Through those answers, NHS researchers got each adult’s grade. The grades were between 0－12 points and those getting four or higher were considered mentally ill.
The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives, which is a surprising pattern for researchers. However, that possibility drops by the time both sexes reach their eighties. A closer look at the results shows that just 14 percent of women over the age of 85 have mental health problems. Twenty-eight percent of women aged 16 to 24, 18 percent of women aged 25 to 34, and 24 percent of women aged 45 to 54 report having mental illness. Meanwhile, almost one in five men aged 85 or older gets a grade showing mental health issues.
Generally speaking, it’s possible that women feel unhappier than men because they often “experience the pressure of domestic(家庭的) and caring responsibilities，” according to Kate Lovett, dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. But those negative feelings may drop in old age, as their children grow up and they are set free from many care-taking duties, she told The Times.
Still, your 85th birthday seems like a long way off. Don’t worry about it. There are a lot of ways to be happier regardless of your age, which are waiting for you to find them out and give them a try.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，女性通常比男性更容易患精神疾病，但是随着年龄增长，男女患精神疾病的风险会有所变化。
5．What was the 12-question survey done for?
A．Helping people become healthier.
B．Learning about people’s happiness.
C．Finding out the sources of people’s pressure.
D．Encouraging people to become more confident.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 To know people’s level of happiness...可知，做这个调查是为了了解人们的幸福感。
6．What surprised the researchers?
A．People can develop mental illness throughout their lives.
B．Men are generally better at dealing with mental illness.
C．Women don’t like keeping their mental illness a secret.
D．Women more likely suffer from serious mental illness.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives, which is a surprising pattern for researchers.可知，令研究人员惊讶的是：女性比男性更容易患精神疾病。
7．Which of the following statements would Kate Lovett agree with?
A．Women’s pressure is mainly from family.
B．It’s difficult for women to avoid negative feelings.
C．Women should be set free from caring responsibilities.
D．Responsibilities at home may reduce women’s feelings of happiness.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的Generally speaking, it’s possible...according to Kate Lovett, dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.可知，Kate Lovett认为女性在家里的责任减少了她们的幸福感。
语法填空
The question“Who is your hero？”is a difficult one to answer. So many people have done heroic things 1.____________it is hard to choose just one. In addition, there is 2.____________(many) than one type of hero.
First, we have heroes in popular culture: in books, films and cartoons, etc. Superman and Batman are two famous comic book heroes, the latter of 3.____________ has no superpowers, and instead has to rely on 4.____________(he) own skills. Of course, there are many real-world people who are 5.____________ (know) around the world for their heroic deeds. People like Nelson Mandela, Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King 6.____________(consider) to be heroes. They were brave and loyal to their people. There are also unsung heroes. They 7.____________(usual) do good things—yet don’t expect to receive praise for their actions. Unsung heroes are everywhere—teachers, firemen, police officers, soldiers, doctors.
No matter what type of hero these people are, they all have something 8.____________common. They often have to overcome many difficulties 9.____________(achieve) their dreams. They do things for the benefit of society without 10.____________(seek) any reward for their actions.
1．that 解析：考查连词。so...that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”。
2．more 解析：考查固定结构。more than one...意为“不止一……”。
3．whom 解析：考查关系代词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，因设空处在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填whom。
4．his 解析：考查代词。设空处作定语修饰skills，应用形容词性物主代词，故填his。
5．known 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，表示“闻名的”，故填known。
6．are considered 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。People与consider之间是被动关系，且此处表示客观事实，故填are considered。
7．usually 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰do，故填usually。
8．in 解析：考查介词。have...in common意为“有共同之处”。
9．to achieve 解析：考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处表目的，因They与achieve之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填to achieve。
10．seeking 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词without的宾语，且They与seek之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填seeking。
B卷 [学生用书P107(单独成册)]
阅读理解
If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius(天才), they will cause great damage to him. According to several leading educational experts, this is one of the biggest mistakes that some parents make. Generally, the child will understand very well what the parents expect, and will fall. Unrealistic(不现实的) expectations of the parents can cause great damage to children.
However, if parents are not unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are hopeful in a sensible(明智的) way, the child may succeed in doing very well—especially if the parents are very supportive to their children.
Michael Lis is very lucky. He is very fond of music and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and let him attend piano and violin lessons. Although Michael’s mother knows very little about music, his father is a good musician. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling.
Michael’s friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky. Although both his parents are successful musicians, they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win.“When I was your age I used to win every competition I enter.” Winston’s father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举了两个例子来说明父母的正确做法是什么，对孩子有什么好处，而错误做法会对孩子造成什么样的伤害。
1．The main idea of the passage is ________．
A．what differences there are between parents
B．what aim of a child can be easier to reach
C．what parents should make a child a musician
D．how parents should bring up their children
D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高，会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举例说明了父母的正确做法，故D项为本题答案。
2．Michael is lucky because ________．
A．his parents help him in a sensible way
B．his family is rich enough to have a car
C．his father is a successful musician
D．he is free to do anything he likes best
A 解析：推理判断题。从第二段的“but are hopeful in a．..supportive to their children”可知，这是好的父母的做法，而第三段接着举例说明了这个好的做法。因此A项为本题答案。
3．Winston’s parents set so high a standard for him that ________．
A．he has to do his best to do everything
B．he had made greater progress in music
C．he is afraid he may disappoint them
D．he often wants to kill himself someday
C 解析：推理判断题。从文章的最后一句“Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.”可知答案。
4．It is one of the parents’ worst mistakes if they ________．
A．want their child to be a musician
B．make their child try to achieve too much
C．don’t care their child’s education much
D．help their child to win music competitions
B 解析：细节理解题。从第一段的“If parents bring up a child...that some parents make.”可知答案。
完形填空
The Value of an Hour
It was Thanksgiving morning.In the crowded kitchen of my small home I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey __1__the doorbell rang.I opened the front door and saw two small children in __2__ clothes and thin little sandals(凉鞋), staying together at the door on the top step.
“Any old__3__， lady？” asked one of them.
I was__4__．I wanted to say “no” until my eyes__5__their sandals, which were wet with heavy snow.
“__6__and I’ll make you a cup of hot cocoa.”
They walked__7__and sat down at the table.Their wet sandals left marks upon the__8__．I served them cocoa and bread with jam to fight__9__the freezing cold outside.__10__I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget for Thanksgiving Day.
The silence in the front room struck me.I looked in.The girl held the empty cup in her hands, looking at it.The boy asked in a flat voice, “Lady, are you__11__？”
I looked at my old sofa covers.The girl put her cup back in its saucer(托盘)__12__and said, “Your cups match your saucers.” Her voice was__13__with a need that no amount of food could supply.They left after that, __14__ their papers against the wind.They hadn’t said “Thank you.” They didn’t need to.They had__15__me that I had so much for which to be grateful.Plain blue china cups and saucers were__16__worth five pence.But they matched.
I tasted the potatoes and the meat soup.Potatoes and brown meat soup, a roof over our heads, my man with a good steady job—these__17__， too.
I moved the chairs back from the fire and__18__the living room.The muddy(沾上泥的)__19__of small sandals were still wet upon my floor.Let them be for a while, I thought, just in case I should begin to__20__how rich I am.
1．A.before B．while
C．when D．as
C 解析：本题是表示我正忙着做火鸡的时候， 门铃突然响起来了。故选C。
2．A.worn B．strange
C．ordinary D．smart
A 解析：根据后文提到的thin little sandals(凉鞋)和heavy snow可知， 在冬天脚上还穿着凉鞋， 小孩应该是很可怜的， 所对应的衣服应该也是破旧的。故选A。worn破烂的， 穿旧的， 用旧的。
3．A.clothes B．papers
C．cups D．shoes
B 解析：根据下文， 作者让小孩子们带走了一些纸， 可以知道， 小孩子们是在这里找她要一些旧纸张。故选B。
4．A.sad B．nervous
C．busy D．happy
C 解析：根据前文所说的I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey可知， 作者当时的状态应该是非常忙碌的。故选C。
5．A.fell upon B．came at
C．went through D．got into
A 解析：根据上文的eyes和下文的their sandals可知， 作者是想表示她的眼睛突然转向了他们的鞋子， 故选A。
6．A.Stand back B．Turn around
C．Get out D．Come in
D 解析：根据后文作者邀请小孩们喝一些热可可可以知道， 这时候作者是要邀请孩子们进入她家。故选D。
7．A.over B．out
C．off D．on
A 解析：根据后文可知， 作者邀请小孩进入她家， 小孩已经坐下了。所以前文要表示小孩走进来了。根据选项判断， 故选A。
8．A.door B．floor
C．ground D．wall
B 解析：根据前文可以知道， 穿着湿鞋子走进来的孩子们， 在地板上留下了脚印。故选B。
9．A.about B．against
C．for D．in
B 解析：根据后文的the freezing cold可知， 这个地方是表示和外面的寒冷进行斗争。故选B。
10．A.Thus B．But
C．Then D．So
C 解析：根据后文I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget for Thanksgiving Day可以得知， 作者给他们提供了热饮之后， 又回到了厨房继续准备火鸡。根据选项意思判断， 故选C。
11．A.rich B．kind
C．helpful D．healthy
A 解析：根据文章最后提到how rich I am可知， 此处小孩在问作者， 她是否非常富有。故选A。
12．A.curiously B．hopefully
C．carefully D．silently
C 解析：根据前文小男孩的flat voice, 说明两个小孩到陌生人家里， 拿着带有托盘的茶杯， 话都不敢大声讲， 与前文照应， 此处应该表示女孩也很小心翼翼， 故选C。
13．A.hungry B．pleasant
C．deep D．cold
A 解析：根据后文no amount of food could supply可知， 小孩说话就像没有吃饱饭似的， 所以根据选项， 故选A。
14．A.turning B．delivering
C．pushing D．holding
D 解析：根据后文their papers against the wind是表示他们在寒风中紧紧抓住他们得到的那些纸张， 根据选项， 答案选D。
15．A.reminded B．promised
C．persuaded D．told
A 解析：根据后文I had so much for which to be grateful可知， 作者是想说明， 这些小孩让我想起了， 我还有很多值得我去感激的东西。所以根据选项， 答案选A。
16．A.really B．even
C．well D．only
D 解析：后文的but是一个转折。作者表示茶杯和托盘只值5便士， 但是它们却能够相匹配。故选D。
17．A.matched B．worked
C．mixed D．agreed
A 解析：作者提到了自己的土豆和肉汤， 丈夫和一个好的稳定的工作， 想说明属于自己的一切都搭配得非常好。而且上文也有提到茶杯和杯垫也是matched。故选A。
18．A.decorated B．equipped
C．emptied D．cleaned
D 解析：根据后文提到的muddy可知， 被鞋子踩过的地板脏了， 所以作者要把地面的泥巴打扫干净。故选D。
19．A.lines B．prints
C．signs D．steps
B 解析：根据后文small sandals were still wet upon my floor可知， 留在地板上的是一些脚踩过的鞋印。故选B。
20．A.realize B．doubt
C．forget D．prove
C 解析：本题题意是表示， 作者希望能够将那些脚印留在那里一会儿， 以免自己开始忘记自己有多富有。因为前文作者一直在表示， 和那些小朋友比较， 自己还是很富有的， 但是自己一直都没有意识到， 所以怕自己会开始忘记自己多富有。 故选C。
短文改错
Dear Sir or Madam，
I learn the newspaper that the Asian Winter Games will be held in the city where I live and that some volunteers are needing. I hope I can have a chance to do something for it, because I want to be a volunteer. I was an 18-year-old boy student in a senior middle school. In my spare time I like watching English movie, and I can speak English fluent. Besides, I like sports. Meanwhile, being good at make friends, I am always ready to help the others. I will try my
best to help the Asian Winter Games become a great successfully. I hope you can be chosen.
Thank you.
Yours sincerely，
Jack
答案：
Dear Sir or Madam，
I learn the newspaper that the Asian Winter Games will be held in the city where I live and that some volunteers are . I hope I can have a chance to do something for it, I want to be a volunteer. I an 18-year-old boy student in a senior middle school. In my spare time I like watching English ， and I can speak English . Besides, I like sports. Meanwhile, being good at friends, I am always ready to help others. I will try my best to help the Asian Winter Games become a great . I hope can be chosen.
Thank you.
Yours sincerely，
Jack
课件79张PPT。Unit 2 Languagecustom interruptrepresent distinguish embarrass conclusionmistakencombineconvenientindicateup and downmake fun ofin conclusiondiffer fromstand foras a wholeturn intoin the 1950sought toas a result ofNot allbe of practical useembarrassingembarrassedembarrassingembarrassmentIn conclusion,with conclude from came to a conclusionconclusionIn conclusion,combine withfromherselfto distinguish between right and wrongconvenienceatit’s convenient for youIf it is convenient for you/At your conveniencewith from differencea代表支持， 主张容忍象征stand bystand up for turned downturned inturned downturn outturn off turn upBothnotNeitherNot allNot bothEverynotbe very valuableof the same age/of an ageof many different colorsof great importanceis of no use本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
[学生用书P46]
品句填词
1．They came to the ____________(结论) that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.
答案：conclusion
2．She began to explain but I ____________(打断) her.
答案：interrupted
3．That we must ____________(结合) theory with practice is an important principle.
答案：combine
4．Would it be ____________(方便的) for you to leave tomorrow?
答案：convenient
5．Not being punctual is his greatest ____________(缺点)．
答案：shortcoming
6．Don’t ____________(使尴尬) them by asking personal questions.
答案：embarrass
7．The red lines on the map ____________(代表) railways.
答案：represent
8．It’s important to ____________(辨别) fact from fiction.
答案：distinguish
9．The clouds ____________(预示) the coming of rain.
答案：indicate
10．The booklet is very ____________(实用的) and handy of reference.
答案：practical
选词填空
differ from；stand for；as a whole；turn into；in conclusion
1．____________， we would like to thank all those who have worked so hard to bring about this result.
答案：In conclusion
2．What do the letters UN ____________？
答案：stand for
3．The climate of Beijing is mild ____________．
答案：as a whole
4．Opinions on various social questions ____________ person to person.
答案：differ from
5．The botanical garden has ____________ a wilderness.
答案：turned into
完成句子
1．并不是我所有的朋友都懂法语。
All my friends ________________ French.
答案：do not know
2．我看不出他们彼此有什么不同， 在我看来， 他们确实很相像。
I can not see where they ____________________： to me they look exactly alike.
答案：differ from each other
3．当她把水泼到他身上时， 他只给了一个尴尬的微笑。
He only gave ________________ when she spilled the water onto him.
答案：an embarrassed smile
4．事实上体育运动是很有价值的。
In fact sports and games can ____________________．
答案：be of great value
5．氧和碳化合， 形成二氧化碳。
The oxygen and the carbon ________________ carbon dioxide.
答案：combine to form
课文语篇改错
When we are talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written with ink on paper.However, this is not always true.For example, blind people cannot see, and they can still read books.
The man which introduced blind people to read was Louis Braille.Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of a injury.When he was ten，he went to school for the blind in Paris.
In those days, books for blind people used paper pressing against metal wire to form letters.Since the metal wire was heavy，each book weighed as many as 100 pounds.The whole system was not conveniently for use.
答案：
When we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written ink on paper.However, this is not always true.For example, blind people cannot see, they can still read books.
The man introduced blind people to was Louis Braille.Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of injury.When he was ten，he went to school for the blind in Paris.
In those days, books for blind people used paper against metal wire to form letters.Since the metal wire was heavy，each book weighed as as 100 pounds.The whole system was not for use.
A卷 [学生用书P105(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．The headteacher said Jane was of such a gentle ____________(natural)．
答案：nature
2．The letter “x” stands ____________ an unknown number.
答案：for
3．In given conditions a bad thing can be turned ____________ a good one.
答案：into
4．You must consider those matters ____________ a whole.
答案：as
5．Each writer’s style differs ____________ that of another.
答案：from
6．It was a great ____________(convenient) to have the doctor living near us.
答案：convenience
7．He was called Smith Minor to distinguish him ____________ the other Smiths.
答案：from
8．The ____________(combine) of the 50 states forms the United States of America.
答案：combination
9．What ____________(conclude) can we draw from their leave?
答案：conclusion
10．The young man looked ____________(embarrass), as if he were a spy whose cover had been blown.
答案：embarrassed
阅读理解
A
An
increasing number of hares(野兔) have been causing such chaos(混乱) at Milan’s city airport that officials have decided to take immediate measures to try and catch them. Linate airport will close for three hours on Sunday while 200 wildlife experts go out on the runways to catch about 80 hares.
“Hares have been active on the runways for months, confusing the ground radar(雷达), and endangering planes landing and taking off，” say officials. “In the last two weeks hares have ended up below the wheels of two planes，” said Alberto Grancini, the Milan province official in charge of hunting and wildlife. “They could have caused serious accidents.”
The Milan airport’s officials said that the hare population at Linate had greatly increased this year leading to several attempts to drive them away from the airport. Unfortunately, the hares have refused to leave, so the decision has been made to close the airport altogether to try to catch them.
The operation begins on Saturday, when an area of 4 square kilometres will be closed off including the runways and aircraft parking areas. The hare hunters will move in at the beginning of the day on Sunday, catching hares until 8：00 a．m. when Linate will reopen. Twelve flights will have to be rescheduled for later in the day. The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves(保护区) in the Milan area and will be set free, in the hope that they do not find their way back to the airport.
Linate, which is only 7 km from the centre of Milan, was built in the 1930s, and served as the city’s main airport until the modernization of Malpensa, 50km up the road. Linate is mainly used by low-cost airlines such as easyJet, as well as by national carriers such as Alitalia and British Airways.
【解题导语】 本文是一则新闻报道。米兰利纳特机场饱受野兔骚扰之苦，不得不暂时关闭机场，将这些野兔逮住之后请出机场。
1．What do Alberto Grancini’s words mean?
A．Hare hunting should be encouraged.
B．Hares are a real threat to airplanes.
C．Protecting hares is a worrying problem.
D．Hares pay a high price for living at the airport.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的 They could have caused serious accidents.可知，野兔给机场带来了很大的安全隐患。
2．What can we learn about the airport’s earlier attempts to drive the hares away?
A．Brave. B．Creative.
C．Dangerous. D．Fruitless.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 Unfortunately, the hares have refused to leave 可知，先前驱赶野兔离开机场的做法没有效果。
3．How will the hares be dealt with?
A．They will be in the charge of wildlife experts.
B．They will have to find their own way home.
C．They will be brought to a protected area.
D．They will be forced out of Milan.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves(保护区)可知，被逮住的野兔会被带至保护区。
4．According to the last paragraph, Linate airport ________.
A．is 7km away from Malpensa
B．is less popular than before
C．is a century-old airport
D．is a disused airport
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 served as the city’s main airport until the modernization of Malpensa, 50 km up the road 可知，该机场曾是米兰市的主要机场，后来其重要地位被马尔本萨机场取代。
B
There is good news for ladies：The two happiest years of your life might have gone by, but things will not be always bad from now on. Women are most likely to reach the highest point of happiness at 85 years old, according to a new survey by the British National Health Service(NHS)．
To know people’s level of happiness, the 12-question survey asked 8，000 British adults to rate(评估) their levels of self-confidence, anxiety and sleep quality. Through those answers, NHS researchers got each adult’s grade. The grades were between 0－12 points and those getting four or higher were considered mentally ill.
The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives, which is a surprising pattern for researchers. However, that possibility drops by the time both sexes reach their eighties. A closer look at the results shows that just 14 percent of women over the age of 85 have mental health problems. Twenty-eight percent of women aged 16 to 24, 18 percent of women aged 25 to 34, and 24 percent of women aged 45 to 54 report having mental illness. Meanwhile, almost one in five men aged 85 or older gets a grade showing mental health issues.
Generally speaking, it’s possible that women feel unhappier than men because they often “experience the pressure of domestic(家庭的) and caring responsibilities，” according to Kate Lovett, dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. But those negative feelings may drop in old age, as their children grow up and they are set free from many care-taking duties, she told The Times.
Still, your 85th birthday seems like a long way off. Don’t worry about it. There are a lot of ways to be happier regardless of your age, which are waiting for you to find them out and give them a try.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，女性通常比男性更容易患精神疾病，但是随着年龄增长，男女患精神疾病的风险会有所变化。
5．What was the 12-question survey done for?
A．Helping people become healthier.
B．Learning about people’s happiness.
C．Finding out the sources of people’s pressure.
D．Encouraging people to become more confident.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 To know people’s level of happiness...可知，做这个调查是为了了解人们的幸福感。
6．What surprised the researchers?
A．People can develop mental illness throughout their lives.
B．Men are generally better at dealing with mental illness.
C．Women don’t like keeping their mental illness a secret.
D．Women more likely suffer from serious mental illness.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives, which is a surprising pattern for researchers.可知，令研究人员惊讶的是：女性比男性更容易患精神疾病。
7．Which of the following statements would Kate Lovett agree with?
A．Women’s pressure is mainly from family.
B．It’s difficult for women to avoid negative feelings.
C．Women should be set free from caring responsibilities.
D．Responsibilities at home may reduce women’s feelings of happiness.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的Generally speaking, it’s possible...according to Kate Lovett, dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.可知，Kate Lovett认为女性在家里的责任减少了她们的幸福感。
语法填空
The question“Who is your hero？”is a difficult one to answer. So many people have done heroic things 1.____________it is hard to choose just one. In addition, there is 2.____________(many) than one type of hero.
First, we have heroes in popular culture: in books, films and cartoons, etc. Superman and Batman are two famous comic book heroes, the latter of 3.____________ has no superpowers, and instead has to rely on 4.____________(he) own skills. Of course, there are many real-world people who are 5.____________ (know) around the world for their heroic deeds. People like Nelson Mandela, Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King 6.____________(consider) to be heroes. They were brave and loyal to their people. There are also unsung heroes. They 7.____________(usual) do good things—yet don’t expect to receive praise for their actions. Unsung heroes are everywhere—teachers, firemen, police officers, soldiers, doctors.
No matter what type of hero these people are, they all have something 8.____________common. They often have to overcome many difficulties 9.____________(achieve) their dreams. They do things for the benefit of society without 10.____________(seek) any reward for their actions.
1．that 解析：考查连词。so...that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”。
2．more 解析：考查固定结构。more than one...意为“不止一……”。
3．whom 解析：考查关系代词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，因设空处在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填whom。
4．his 解析：考查代词。设空处作定语修饰skills，应用形容词性物主代词，故填his。
5．known 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，表示“闻名的”，故填known。
6．are considered 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。People与consider之间是被动关系，且此处表示客观事实，故填are considered。
7．usually 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰do，故填usually。
8．in 解析：考查介词。have...in common意为“有共同之处”。
9．to achieve 解析：考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处表目的，因They与achieve之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填to achieve。
10．seeking 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词without的宾语，且They与seek之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填seeking。
B卷 [学生用书P107(单独成册)]
阅读理解
If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius(天才), they will cause great damage to him. According to several leading educational experts, this is one of the biggest mistakes that some parents make. Generally, the child will understand very well what the parents expect, and will fall. Unrealistic(不现实的) expectations of the parents can cause great damage to children.
However, if parents are not unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are hopeful in a sensible(明智的) way, the child may succeed in doing very well—especially if the parents are very supportive to their children.
Michael Lis is very lucky. He is very fond of music and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and let him attend piano and violin lessons. Although Michael’s mother knows very little about music, his father is a good musician. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling.
Michael’s friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky. Although both his parents are successful musicians, they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win.“When I was your age I used to win every competition I enter.” Winston’s father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举了两个例子来说明父母的正确做法是什么，对孩子有什么好处，而错误做法会对孩子造成什么样的伤害。
1．The main idea of the passage is ________．
A．what differences there are between parents
B．what aim of a child can be easier to reach
C．what parents should make a child a musician
D．how parents should bring up their children
D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高，会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举例说明了父母的正确做法，故D项为本题答案。
2．Michael is lucky because ________．
A．his parents help him in a sensible way
B．his family is rich enough to have a car
C．his father is a successful musician
D．he is free to do anything he likes best
A 解析：推理判断题。从第二段的“but are hopeful in a．..supportive to their children”可知，这是好的父母的做法，而第三段接着举例说明了这个好的做法。因此A项为本题答案。
3．Winston’s parents set so high a standard for him that ________．
A．he has to do his best to do everything
B．he had made greater progress in music
C．he is afraid he may disappoint them
D．he often wants to kill himself someday
C 解析：推理判断题。从文章的最后一句“Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.”可知答案。
4．It is one of the parents’ worst mistakes if they ________．
A．want their child to be a musician
B．make their child try to achieve too much
C．don’t care their child’s education much
D．help their child to win music competitions
B 解析：细节理解题。从第一段的“If parents bring up a child...that some parents make.”可知答案。
完形填空
The Value of an Hour
It was Thanksgiving morning.In the crowded kitchen of my small home I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey __1__the doorbell rang.I opened the front door and saw two small children in __2__ clothes and thin little sandals(凉鞋), staying together at the door on the top step.
“Any old__3__， lady？” asked one of them.
I was__4__．I wanted to say “no” until my eyes__5__their sandals, which were wet with heavy snow.
“__6__and I’ll make you a cup of hot cocoa.”
They walked__7__and sat down at the table.Their wet sandals left marks upon the__8__．I served them cocoa and bread with jam to fight__9__the freezing cold outside.__10__I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget for Thanksgiving Day.
The silence in the front room struck me.I looked in.The girl held the empty cup in her hands, looking at it.The boy asked in a flat voice, “Lady, are you__11__？”
I looked at my old sofa covers.The girl put her cup back in its saucer(托盘)__12__and said, “Your cups match your saucers.” Her voice was__13__with a need that no amount of food could supply.They left after that, __14__ their papers against the wind.They hadn’t said “Thank you.” They didn’t need to.They had__15__me that I had so much for which to be grateful.Plain blue china cups and saucers were__16__worth five pence.But they matched.
I tasted the potatoes and the meat soup.Potatoes and brown meat soup, a roof over our heads, my man with a good steady job—these__17__， too.
I moved the chairs back from the fire and__18__the living room.The muddy(沾上泥的)__19__of small sandals were still wet upon my floor.Let them be for a while, I thought, just in case I should begin to__20__how rich I am.
1．A.before B．while
C．when D．as
C 解析：本题是表示我正忙着做火鸡的时候， 门铃突然响起来了。故选C。
2．A.worn B．strange
C．ordinary D．smart
A 解析：根据后文提到的thin little sandals(凉鞋)和heavy snow可知， 在冬天脚上还穿着凉鞋， 小孩应该是很可怜的， 所对应的衣服应该也是破旧的。故选A。worn破烂的， 穿旧的， 用旧的。
3．A.clothes B．papers
C．cups D．shoes
B 解析：根据下文， 作者让小孩子们带走了一些纸， 可以知道， 小孩子们是在这里找她要一些旧纸张。故选B。
4．A.sad B．nervous
C．busy D．happy
C 解析：根据前文所说的I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey可知， 作者当时的状态应该是非常忙碌的。故选C。
5．A.fell upon B．came at
C．went through D．got into
A 解析：根据上文的eyes和下文的their sandals可知， 作者是想表示她的眼睛突然转向了他们的鞋子， 故选A。
6．A.Stand back B．Turn around
C．Get out D．Come in
D 解析：根据后文作者邀请小孩们喝一些热可可可以知道， 这时候作者是要邀请孩子们进入她家。故选D。
7．A.over B．out
C．off D．on
A 解析：根据后文可知， 作者邀请小孩进入她家， 小孩已经坐下了。所以前文要表示小孩走进来了。根据选项判断， 故选A。
8．A.door B．floor
C．ground D．wall
B 解析：根据前文可以知道， 穿着湿鞋子走进来的孩子们， 在地板上留下了脚印。故选B。
9．A.about B．against
C．for D．in
B 解析：根据后文的the freezing cold可知， 这个地方是表示和外面的寒冷进行斗争。故选B。
10．A.Thus B．But
C．Then D．So
C 解析：根据后文I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget for Thanksgiving Day可以得知， 作者给他们提供了热饮之后， 又回到了厨房继续准备火鸡。根据选项意思判断， 故选C。
11．A.rich B．kind
C．helpful D．healthy
A 解析：根据文章最后提到how rich I am可知， 此处小孩在问作者， 她是否非常富有。故选A。
12．A.curiously B．hopefully
C．carefully D．silently
C 解析：根据前文小男孩的flat voice, 说明两个小孩到陌生人家里， 拿着带有托盘的茶杯， 话都不敢大声讲， 与前文照应， 此处应该表示女孩也很小心翼翼， 故选C。
13．A.hungry B．pleasant
C．deep D．cold
A 解析：根据后文no amount of food could supply可知， 小孩说话就像没有吃饱饭似的， 所以根据选项， 故选A。
14．A.turning B．delivering
C．pushing D．holding
D 解析：根据后文their papers against the wind是表示他们在寒风中紧紧抓住他们得到的那些纸张， 根据选项， 答案选D。
15．A.reminded B．promised
C．persuaded D．told
A 解析：根据后文I had so much for which to be grateful可知， 作者是想说明， 这些小孩让我想起了， 我还有很多值得我去感激的东西。所以根据选项， 答案选A。
16．A.really B．even
C．well D．only
D 解析：后文的but是一个转折。作者表示茶杯和托盘只值5便士， 但是它们却能够相匹配。故选D。
17．A.matched B．worked
C．mixed D．agreed
A 解析：作者提到了自己的土豆和肉汤， 丈夫和一个好的稳定的工作， 想说明属于自己的一切都搭配得非常好。而且上文也有提到茶杯和杯垫也是matched。故选A。
18．A.decorated B．equipped
C．emptied D．cleaned
D 解析：根据后文提到的muddy可知， 被鞋子踩过的地板脏了， 所以作者要把地面的泥巴打扫干净。故选D。
19．A.lines B．prints
C．signs D．steps
B 解析：根据后文small sandals were still wet upon my floor可知， 留在地板上的是一些脚踩过的鞋印。故选B。
20．A.realize B．doubt
C．forget D．prove
C 解析：本题题意是表示， 作者希望能够将那些脚印留在那里一会儿， 以免自己开始忘记自己有多富有。因为前文作者一直在表示， 和那些小朋友比较， 自己还是很富有的， 但是自己一直都没有意识到， 所以怕自己会开始忘记自己多富有。 故选C。
短文改错
Dear Sir or Madam，
I learn the newspaper that the Asian Winter Games will be held in the city where I live and that some volunteers are needing. I hope I can have a chance to do something for it, because I want to be a volunteer. I was an 18-year-old boy student in a senior middle school. In my spare time I like watching English movie, and I can speak English fluent. Besides, I like sports. Meanwhile, being good at make friends, I am always ready to help the others. I will try my
best to help the Asian Winter Games become a great successfully. I hope you can be chosen.
Thank you.
Yours sincerely，
Jack
答案：
Dear Sir or Madam，
I learn the newspaper that the Asian Winter Games will be held in the city where I live and that some volunteers are . I hope I can have a chance to do something for it, I want to be a volunteer. I an 18-year-old boy student in a senior middle school. In my spare time I like watching English ， and I can speak English . Besides, I like sports. Meanwhile, being good at friends, I am always ready to help others. I will try my best to help the Asian Winter Games become a great . I hope can be chosen.
Thank you.
Yours sincerely，
Jack
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
名词性从句(二)&it作形式主语
名词性从句(二)
一、基础点拨
由what, which, who/whom, whose等连接代词和when, where, why, how等连接副词引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
1．主语从句
Why the sun in the morning looks bigger than the sun at noon is very interesting.
为什么早晨的太阳看上去比中午的太阳大， 这事很有趣。
When the new road is open to traffic has not been made clear. 这条新公路什么时候开通还不清楚。
主语从句作主语的主谓一致原则：
(1)主语从句作主语， 谓语动词常用单数， 但是若what引导的主语从句表示复数概念， 则用复数。
What we need is time. 我们需要的是时间。
What we need are useful books.
我们所需要的是有用的书籍。
(2)由and连接的两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语， 谓语动词用复数；由两个或两个以上连接词引导的一个主语从句作主语， 谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们何时动身以及要去哪里还没有定下来。
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. 会议何时何地举行还没有被定下来。
2．宾语从句
History linguists study how languages evolve over time.
历史语言学家研究语言是如何随着时间的推移而发展的。
I wonder why she refused my invitation.
我想知道她为什么拒绝了我的邀请。
可运用形式宾语it的宾语从句：
(1)动词find, feel, think等后有宾语补足语时。
We think it important that Mary should tell the truth.
我们认为玛丽说出实情是重要的。
(2)有些动词带宾语从句时。
I like it when she sings a song for me.
我喜欢她为我唱歌。
3．表语从句
This is where our problem lies.
这就是我们的问题所在。
The difficulty is how I can help smokers kick their habit.困难是我如何帮助吸烟者戒烟。
4．同位语从句
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假这个问题我们还没有解决。
对接高考
① The most important result for the user is ________ the product does what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
that 解析：本句中该词和系动词is构成系表结构，that引导表语从句。
②—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah，but I have no idea ________ he did it；that’s one of his favorite universities.
——迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，是真的吗？
——是的，但我不知道他为什么这样做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。
why 解析：考查同位语从句的引导词。idea后接同位语从句， 表示某个想法的具体内容。根据that’s one of his favorite universities(那是他最喜欢的大学之一)可知， “我” 不知道他拒绝耶鲁大学的原因(why)所在。
二、难点突破
1．连接代词和连接副词的选择
连接词
在从句中的功能
例句
连接代词
主语、宾语、表语、定语
What I saw was beyond any verbal description.(作宾语)
我看到的难以用语言描述。
连接副词
状语
Why the company hired him is still unknown.(作状语)
为什么公司雇用他尚不清楚。
2.名词性从句两组引导词的用法区别
(1)what和that的用法区别
引导词
能引导的从句
在从句中的功能
意义
what
主语从句， 表语从句， 宾语从句， 同位语从句
主语、表语、宾语
保留疑问(“什么” )的意义，相当于all that或the thing(s) that
that
主语从句， 表语从句， 宾语从句， 同位语从句
仅起引导作用， 不在从句中作任何成分
无任何实际意义
That he has lost his job is not true.
他丢了工作不是真的。
I believe what (whatever) he says.
我相信他说的(不管他说什么我都相信)。
(2)that, why, because的用法区别
连接词
特征
例句
that
主语是reason时， 强调原因
The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus. 他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车。
why
强调结果
That is why you go away.
那就是你要离开的原因。
because
强调原因
That was because I got up too late.
那是因为我起得太晚了。
对接高考
③A baby will come to accept the idea ____________ other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has.
一个婴儿会逐渐接受别人有和他/她不同的观点和渴望的想法。
that 解析：考查同位语从句的引导词。idea后接同位语从句， 表示某个想法的具体内容。
④Experts believe ____________people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
专家们认为必要的时候才购物可以减少食物的浪费。
that 解析：考查名词性从句的引导词。动词believe之后为宾语从句， 从句陈述一个事实， 不缺少成分， 故使用that表陈述。
it作形式主语
一、基础点拨
1．it作形式主语的基本用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时， 为避免句子头重脚轻， 通常在句首使用形式主语it, 而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。
2．it作形式主语常见的句型
(1)代替不定式短语
It’s not easy to finish the work in two days.
两天之内完成这项工作不容易。
(2)代替动词-ing形式短语
It is no use crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收。
(3)代替主语从句
主要句型有：
①It＋be＋形容词＋that从句
It is probable that he told her everything.
很可能他把一切都告诉她了。
②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)＋that从句
It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.
我们没赢这场比赛真意外。
③It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.
据说格林先生已经到了北京。
④It＋seems/happens等不及物动词及短语＋that从句
It seems that Alice is not coming to the party.
爱丽丝似乎不来参加晚会。
⑤It＋doesn’t matter(makes no difference, etc.)＋连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.
她来或不来无关紧要。
二、难点突破
1．it作形式主语的主语从句的虚拟语气
(1)在句型 “It＋is/was＋adj.＋主语从句” 中， 如果形容词是important, strange, natural, necessary等， 从句谓语部分要用 “should＋动词原形” 形式， should可以省略。
It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.
我们有必要提前把一切都准备好。
(2)在 “It is/was＋过去分词＋that...” 结构中， 如果动词是require, demand, request等， 从句谓语部分要用 “should＋动词原形” 形式， should可以省略。
It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
要求所有人都不能在这里吸烟。
2．注意区分it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句
强调句句型是 “It is/was＋被强调部分＋that”， 去掉该句型中的It is/was, that, 句子仍然成立。
It is natural that they should have different views.(主语从句)
他们有不同的观点是很自然的。
It is only lately that he had a family himself.(强调句)
只是在最近他才有了自己的家庭。
对接高考
⑤But like so many other things, it is only too much stress ____________ does you harm.
就像其他别的事情一样，只有压力达到一定程度时才会对你造成伤害。
that 解析：本句是一个强调句型，it is...that...用来对主语only too much stress进行强调。
单句语法填空
1．Is this hotel ____________ you said we were to stay in your letter?
答案：where
2．After what seemed an endless wait, ____________ was his turn to enter the director’s office.
答案：it
3．____________ leads a life full of love is rich even though he doesn’t have much money.
答案：Whoever
4．Tony eventually realized his childhood dream ____________ he could play on one of the top teams.
答案：that
5．____________ struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
答案：What
6．I truly believe ____________ beauty comes from within.
答案：that
7．____________ is wise of him to make such a decision in face of that situation.
答案：It
8．____________ is a pity that such a thing should happen in your class.
答案：It
句型转换
1．That he is a famous singer is known to us.
(变成it作形式主语的句型)
→________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is known to us that he is a famous singer.
2．When will he go abroad to study? It is fixed.
(合并成名词性从句)
→________________________________________________________________________
答案：When he will go abroad to study is fixed.
3．We should develop education in the countryside.It is very necessary.(合并成名词性从句)
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is very necessary that we should develop education in the countryside.
4．Why is the cinema closed? I wonder.
(合并成名词性从句)
→________________________________________________________________________
答案：I wonder why the cinema is closed.
5．My question is this：where will the lecture be given?
(变成名词性从句)
→________________________________________________________________________
答案：My question is where the lecture will be given.
6．When will we start? It is not clear.(变成名词性从句)
→________________________________________________________________________
答案：It is not clear when we will start.
语法与写作
1．她干了什么尚不清楚。
____________is not yet known.
答案：What she did
2．这事怎样发生的， 谁也不清楚。
__________________________is not clear to anyone.
答案：How this happened/came about
3．你所在的任何地方都是我的家——我唯一的家。
________________ is my home—my only home.
答案：Wherever you are
4．问题是他是如何做此事的。
The question is ________________．
答案：how he did it
5．你没去看这部电影， 真是可惜。
It is a pity ____________________________．
答案：that you didn’t go to see the movie
[学生用书P50]
如何写调查报告
文体感知
1．题型说明
调查报告是针对某一现象、某一事件或某一问题进行深入细致的调查的写作题， 要求同学们根据调查结果， 针对某种现象进行分析并谈谈自己的看法， 写一份调查报告。
2．策略指导与解题技巧
(1)应该站在读者的角度去思考。
(2)要写明调查的原因、调查过程、调查结果以及你得出的结论。
(3)通常用一般现在时态。若出现具体的时间状语， 如last year, next year, recently等， 则根据具体情况使用适当的时态。
(4)常见的写作方法：
①按调查的先后顺序逐点写；②按事物发展的阶段来写；③按调查对象的特点分门别类来写；④将两种事物进行对比， 以显示其是非、优劣， 找出其差异来写。
叙述数据时要避免过多重复使用百分比， 可以用约数、倍数等来表达。应选用有针对性的数据来说明问题， 切忌面面俱到、一一罗列全部数据。应该对图表信息加以分析、归纳， 选取有代表性的， 如最大值， 最小值， 以及同类信息加以表述， 做到主次分明、准确生动。
3．文章结构
一般说来， 文章开头应先交代调查的时间、对象、问题和主题或目的。
其次， 客观介绍调查的信息。根据不同的调查内容， 选择不同的方法。一般是描述表格中数据所反映的情况， 数据间的主要差异或趋势， 有的还要求谈谈数据所反映出来的问题， 并分析原因。
在进行客观介绍这一部分时， 尽量避免过多使用同一种句式。其次， 要学会从题目中提取信息。
最后， 写出自己的观点或提出解决该问题的方案。
常用句式
1．点明主题的常用词句(交代调查时间、对象、主题等)：
我们对……人进行了关于……的调查。
We made/did/carried out a survey on...among...people.
2．图表反映的问题或总体趋势的常用词句：
从以上表格中我们可以明显地看出……
From the graph/table/diagram/chart above, we can see obviously that...
3．图表内容描述的常用词句：
表赞成的动词短语：agree with, approve of, be in favor of, be for...
表不赞成的动词短语：disagree with, disapprove of, be opposed to, be against...
4．呈现数据的常用词句：
表示数字：可直接表达， 如30%, 75%
表示倍数：倍数＋(形容词/副词)比较级＋than；倍数＋as＋(形容词/副词)原级＋as
表示约数：most (of), few (of), only, as many/much as
表示比较：as...as, twice the amount of, more than, less than, the same as, similar to, different from...
表示上升：rise, on the rise, go up, climb, rocket, increase, double
表示下降：go down, fall, drop, decline, decrease/reduce, on the decrease...
表示排序：sb./sth.rank the first place, sb./sth.is in the second place
表示对比、转折：on the contrary, in contrast to, compared to/with, while, but, however
5．分析原因的常用词句：
……的原因是…… The reason for...is that...；
The reason why...is that...
6．归纳总结或发表评论的常用词句：
归纳总结：in a word, in short, to conclude, in conclusion, generally speaking, personally, in my opinion, as far as I’m concerned, from my point of view...
我们可以得出这样的结论：
We can draw the conclusion that...
We can learn/know...
From the changes in the charts, we can predict that...
写作要求
假如你们是寄宿制学校， 大部分学生住校， 也有一部分学生选择走读。你校开展了一次问卷调查， 主题为 “我们是否应该住校？” 下表是本次调查的结果， 请你就此结果写一篇调查报告， 并适当阐述自己的观点。
70%的同学赞成住校
30%的同学反对住校
有利于培养我们良好的学习和生活习惯
学校餐厅无法满足多样需求
节约了时间
学生住校不利于了解外界信息
可与老师及同学充分交流， 有利于共同进步
和家人交流少
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．文章的开头已为你写好， 不计入总词数。
Recently, a survey has been made in our school on whether we students should live on campus in a boarding school.The opinions are divided._________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
调查报告
话题
是否应该住校
时态
一般现在时为主
人称
第三人称为主
词句推敲
1．词汇
①支持________________
②在上学的路上________________
③有助于________________
④与别人交流少________________
⑤做……有必要________________
答案：①in favor of ②on the way to school ③contribute to ④communicate less with others ⑤it’s necessary to do...
2．句式
①百分之七十支持这个观点。住校有助于形成好的学习和生活习惯。
一般表达：70% of us are in favor of it.Living on campus can help develop a good habit of studying and living.
高级表达：(用as引导的原因状语从句改写句子)
________________________________________________________________________
②再者， 他们可以向老师咨询， 和同学讨论， 这有助于他们的进步。
一般表达：What’s more, they can consult teachers and discuss with classmates and it will contribute to their improvement.
高级表达：(用which引导的定语从句改写句子)
________________________________________________________________________
③没有父母陪伴， 他们之间交流更少。
一般表达：If parents accompany them less, they communicate less with them.
高级表达：(用without作状语改写句子)
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①70% of us are in favor of it as living on campus can help develop a good habit of studying and living.
②What’s more, they can consult teachers and discuss with classmates, which will contribute to their improvement.
③Without parents accompanying, they communicate less with them.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Recently,_a_survey_has_been_made_in_our_school_on_whether_we_students_should_live_on_campus_in_a_boarding_school.The_opinions_are_divided. 70% of us are in favor of it as living on campus can help develop a good habit of studying and living.Besides, they can spend less time on the way to school and home.What’s more, they can consult teachers and discuss with classmates, which will contribute to their improvement.
However, 30% of them are against it for the reasons below：First, the school canteen can’t meet the various needs of students.Second, if they live on campus, they will have little chance to get in touch with society.Last, without parents accompanying, they communicate less with them.
Personally, I think it’s necessary to live on campus because we can live, study and play together happily.
A卷 [学生用书P109(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．____________you have done might do harm to other people.
答案：What
2．____________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
答案：Who
3．These photographs will show you ____________our village looks like.
答案：what
4．Can you make sure ____________Alice has put the gold ring?
答案：where
5．It worried Tracy a bit ____________her hair was turning grey.
答案：that
6．____________you don’t like the singer is none of my business.
答案：That
7．____________is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.
答案：It
8．____________we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
答案：Whether
9．It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____________he or she wants.
答案：what
10．____________is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
答案：What
阅读理解
The car can be a killer. In the US, 36, 675 people died in traffic accidents in 2014. The year before, 2.3 million people were injured in traffic accidents. And during the past ten years, electronic monitoring(监控) programs have been widely used in order to reduce the number of accidents. It is mainly aimed at drivers who run red lights.
In a study I co-authored with Paul J. Fisher, we examined all police-recorded traffic accidents in three large Texas cities over a 12-year period—hundreds of thousands of accidents. We found they didn’t reduce the total number of car accidents as well as the total number of people injured in accidents.
In a red light camera program, a camera is placed in a location where it can take photos or videos of cars as they pass through the intersections(十字路口). City employees then examine the photos. If a car is in the intersection when the light is red, the driver will be fined(罚款). Evidence clearly shows that camera programs really help reduce the number of cars running red lights. In one study in Virginia, red light cameras reduced the number of total drivers running red lights by 67 percent.
However, cameras can have negative effects on traffic safety. Some drivers who intend to continue to cross the intersection when the light is yellow or red will now try to stop. That means that the number of accidents caused by cars not stopping at a red light will likely decrease. But the number of accidents from stopping at a red light is likely to ascend. In order to avoid being fined, some drivers will try to stop, causing a higher risk of other accidents.
The increased number of traffic accidents at intersections in cities is a serious problem. But our study shows that the camera program in Texas was helpless in improving traffic safety. Therefore, electronic monitoring is not the real solution.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者主要是通过自己的研究说明在十字路口装摄像头并不能有效阻止交通事故的发生，因此需要更好的方式来改善交通安全。
1．The author did the study most probably to know whether ________．
A．red light cameras really worked as expected
B．traffic accidents mainly happened at intersections
C．red light cameras helped drivers obey the traffic rules
D．traffic accidents were mainly caused by running red lights
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的We found they didn’t reduce the total number of car accidents as well as the total number of people injured in accidents.可知，这个是调查的结果，其中they指的是摄像头，因此可推测作者做这个调查是为了知道装更多的摄像头是否真的像所预期的(对于减少交通事故)那样管用。
2．What does the underlined word “ascend” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Fall. B．Rise.
C．Change. D．Differ.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据转折词But可知，此句与前一句构成转折关系，再根据本段第一句However, cameras can have negative effects on traffic safety.可推测，该词意为“上升”。
3．What can we infer from the author’s study?
A．Red lights may have negative effects on traffic safety.
B．Better ways should be found to improve traffic safety.
C．More red light cameras should be used at intersections.
D．Traffic accidents at intersections are difficult to avoid.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的But our study shows that the camera program in Texas was helpless in improving traffic safety. Therefore, electronic monitoring is not the real solution.可知，作者通过研究发现，安装摄像头并不是有效改善交通安全的措施，所以可推测，为了改善交通安全，还需要找到更好的办法。
4．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Red light cameras don’t really make streets safer.
B．Electronic monitoring is widely used at intersections.
C．The number of traffic accidents remains high in the US.
D．Accidents caused by running red lights shouldn’t be ignored.
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要是通过自己的研究表明，装更多的摄像头并不能有效减少交通事故。
完形填空
A Brick in Life
A young and successful manager was traveling down a neighborhood street, going a bit too fast in his new Jaguar. He was __1__ kids rushing out from __2__ parked cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something.
__3__ his car passed, one child appeared, and a brick smashed into the Jaguar’s side door. He slammed on the __4__ and turned the Jaguar back to the spot from where the brick had been thrown.
He jumped out of the car, grabbed the kid and __5__ him up against a parked car, shouting，“What was that all about and who are you? Just what __6__ are you doing？” Then he went on，“Didn’t you know that brick you threw is going to __7__ a lot of money. Why did you do it？”
“Please, sir. Please, I’m sorry. I didn’t know __8__ else to do！” begged the youngster.
“__9__ my brother，” he said.“He rolled off the sidewalk and fell out of his __10__ and I can’t lift him up.”
Sobbing, the boy asked the manager, “Would you please help me get him __11__ into his wheelchair? He’s hurt and he’s too __12__ for me.”
Moved __13__ words, the driver tried to swallow the rapidly swelling lump in his throat. He lifted the young man back into the wheelchair and __14__ his handkerchief and wiped the scrapes and cuts, checking to see __15__ everything was going to be okay.
“Thank you, sir. And God bless you，” the __16__ child said to him. The man then __17__ the little boy push his brother to the sidewalk toward __18__home.
It was a long __19__ back to his Jaguar—a long, slow walk. He never did repair the side door. He kept the dent(凹痕) __20__ him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at you to get your attention.
【解题导语】 本文通过一个小故事告诉我们：生活的道路上不要走得太匆忙，我们需要其他人的敲打来引起我们的注意。
1．A.watching for B．looking for
C．heading for D．leaving for
A 解析：watch for 密切注意，留意；经理留意着从车子间跑出来的孩子。由此可知A项符合语境。
2．A.among B．between
C．in D．through
B 解析：从车子之间跑出来，根据语境可知选B项(between 在……之间)。
3．A.While B．Before
C．As D．After
C 解析：当经理的车通过的时候，一个小孩儿丢了一块砖头打到了他的车的侧门，由此可知C项as“当……时”，符合语境。
4．A.window B．door
C．wheel D．brake
D 解析：经理猛踩刹车并后退到被扔砖头的地方。brake“刹车”，符合语境。
5．A.pushed B．pulled
C．held D．caught
A 解析：经理抓住那个小孩儿并把他推向一辆停着的车子。push“推”，符合语境。
6．A.in earth B．on earth
C．after all D．above all
B 解析：经理质问小孩儿到底想干什么，on earth意为“到底，究竟”，符合语境。
7．A.spend B．charge
C．cost D．pay
C 解析：经理质问小孩儿：“你知不知道你扔那块砖要付很多钱，你为什么要这样做？”此处cost意为“需付费”，符合语境。
8．A.which B．who
C．that D．what
D 解析：此处表示“我不知道我还能怎么办？”，考查名词性从句，do后面缺宾语，因此用what。
9．A.It’s B．Which’s
C．That’s D．Who’s
A 解析：根据下文可知，此处小孩儿在说明情况，是他的哥哥从轮椅上摔了下来，他没有办法把他抬回去。此处It’s用以明确身份，故选A项。
10．A.Jaguar B．wheelchair
C．sidewalk D．bike
B 解析：根据下文中的“get him ______ into his wheelchair”可知，他哥哥从轮椅上摔了下来。
11．A.up B．down
C．back D．forward
C 解析：此处表示“你可以帮我把他抬回轮椅上吗？”，back符合语境。下文中的“lifted the young man back into the wheelchair”也是提示。
12．A.light B．funny
C．terrible D．heavy
D 解析：根据上文可知，此处表示“他受伤了，而且对我来说他太重了”。D项heavy“重的”，符合语境。
13．A.beyond B．inside
C．outside D．around
A 解析：这些话让这位年轻的经理深受感动，没法用语言表达，beyond“超出……之外，非……所能及”，符合语境。
14．A.broke out B．took out
C．run out D．gave out
B 解析：经理把小孩儿的哥哥抱回轮椅上，并拿出手帕擦拭小孩儿的哥哥的伤口，确定他哥哥没有什么问题。 B项意为“拿出，取出”；故选B项。
15．A.what B．where
C．that D．which
C 解析：参见上题解析。see that意为“确保，务必(做到)”，符合语境。
16．A.angry B．willing
C．satisfactory D．grateful
D 解析：根据空格前的“Thank you, sir. And God bless you”可知，小孩儿非常感激这个经理。故选D项。
17．A.watched B．glared
C．noticed D．witnessed
A 解析：然后经理看着小孩儿推着他哥哥回他们的家。watch注视，看； 根据语境可知选A项。
18．A.his B．their
C．her D．its
B 解析：参见上题解析。此处指小孩儿和哥哥。
19．A.journey B．trip
C．walk D．running
C 解析：经理返回Jaguar的路变得很漫长。破折号后面的“a long, slow walk”也是提示，选C项。
20．A.reminding B．reminded
C．reminds D．to remind
D 解析：经理保留着车子侧门上的凹痕是为了提醒他自己。此处用动词不定式表示目的，故选D项。
B卷 [学生用书P111(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
Living abroad is not for everyone.Though it can certainly be a fun and exciting experience，it can also be filled with difficulties.Before you book the plane ticket，it’s a good idea to think carefully about living abroad.
If you’ve lived in the same town for most of your life，a new place full of new food and things can seem like a dream comes true.Your free time will be filled with exploration and sightseeing.You’ll have the opportunity to experience places much older than the United States.However，that feeling will become less and you may find yourself wishing you could just turn on the TV and watch old TV series in English or eat your favorite American meal.
Americans in Europe and South America often find that medical care is both cheaper and easier to get than in the United States.For example，everyone can get a dental(牙齿的) checkup for only around $20 in Turkey.However，you may be disappointed by the lack of familiar medicines.And you may not be able to read the instructions.
The work that the ordinary Americans can do abroad usually pays better than what the ordinary locals do.A full-time teaching job in Ukraine，for example，can help you live a very rich life.However，if you become bored with your position，other job choices are somewhat limited unless you speak the local language as well as English.Moreover，you will probably find that some benefits don’t exist for foreigners.
When you live abroad，opportunities for international travel increase greatly.You may be able to take a day trip across the border from your apartment in Budapest to a concert in Vienna or take a boat to Montevideo for a night out after work in Buenos Aires.However，your money may not allow especially comfortable travel and you may have to stay in inexpensive hotels，cook your own food and take long-distance land transportation.
【解题导语】 美国人如果搬去国外居住有利也有弊，本文列举了一些利弊。
1．According to Paragraph 2，how may one feel at first when living abroad?
A．Bored. B．Excited.
C．Frightened. D．Concerned.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的If you’ve lived in the same town for most of your life，a new place full of new food and things can seem like a dream comes true.可知，一开始在国外的生活让你感觉像是梦想实现了，这很令人兴奋。
2．What does the example in Paragraph 3 show?
A．Seeing a doctor is quite cheap abroad.
B．It’s much better to live in the United States.
C．A dental checkup abroad is not convenient.
D．Most Americans can’t afford dental checkups.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的everyone can get a dental(牙齿的) checkup for only around $20 in Turkey可知，这个例子表明在国外就医很便宜。
3．What does the author think is a disadvantage of Americans’ working abroad?
A．They’re usually paid lower than the locals.
B．They must learn the local language quickly.
C．There are not many suitable positions for them.
D．They face too much competition with other Americans.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的However，if you become bored with your position，other job choices are somewhat limited unless you speak the local language as well as English.可知，在国外如果你不会说当地语言，那么你的职业选择就很少。
4．Who is the text written for?
A．Americans living abroad.
B．Foreigners living in the U．S.
C．Americans traveling abroad.
D．Americans planning to live abroad.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Before you book the plane ticket，it’s a good idea to think carefully about living abroad.可知，本文主要是针对那些计划搬去国外居住的美国人写的。
B
It’s a book
about friendship, loyalty(忠诚), and teamwork. It will make you laugh and cry, and give you hope.
Co-written by Jessica Kensky and her husband, Patrick Downes, the new picture book, Rescue&Jessica: A Life-Changing Friendship, tells the story of a girl named Jessica who is dealing with the loss of her leg. Rescue, her service dog, discovers that he can be a good friend and help Jessica get through hard times.
The book is illustrated(作插图) by Scott Magoon, whose drawings show Rescue working alongside Jessica. “He can pick up the phone to bring it to her if she needs it，” Magoon said. “He can even open doors for her or call for help if she’s in trouble.”
The story does not discuss the bombing attack(炸弹袭击) at the Boston Marathon in 2013, which took place at the finish line, killing three people and injuring hundreds of others. But readers learn in the authors’ note that Downes and Kensky were among those injured. Kensky lost both legs, and Downes lost his left leg.
It took two years to write Rescue&Jessica, and two more to publish(出版) it. “The best part was having a good distraction(分散注意力的事物) from the really hard time I was having during my recovery，” Kensky said.
Downes described how Rescue has helped the couple.“When we’re sad, he makes funny sounds and makes us laugh，” Downes said. “He’s also there to help us celebrate good times. If you have a friend, things might be hard, but you can overcome it together.”
Downes and Kensky and their picture book speak for “Boston Strong”. Downes explained the term：“It brought people together after the bombing and brought out the best in everyone. When people needed it the most, we took care of each other.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者介绍并简单评论了一本绘本故事书。
5．What happened to Jessica in the book?
A．She lost one of her legs.
B．She saved a service dog.
C．She was injured during an attack.
D．She was forced to leave her friends.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的the story of a girl named Jessica who is dealing with the loss of her leg.可知，该绘本的主人公Jessica失去了一条腿。
6．What can we infer about the book?
A．It encourages people to be friendly to dogs.
B．It is based on the authors’ own experience.
C．It is especially helpful for people with special needs.
D．It places importance on having a good friend in life.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的a girl named Jessica who is...get through hard times和第四段中的Kensky lost both legs, and Downes lost his left leg.以及倒数第二段可知，绘本故事的情节与作者夫妇的经历相似，因此推断，该故事是基于作者的亲身经历创作的。
7．What did Kensky get from writing the book?
A．She became better prepared for hard times.
B．She felt it took her mind off her hardship.
C．She grew more interested in writing.
D．She became closer to Rescue.
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段中Kensky所说的话可知，创作并发表该书期间，她正处于康复期，写书分散了她的注意力，帮助她度过了痛苦的康复期。
8．What does the underlined word “overcome” in the last but one paragraph mean?
A．Realize. B．Understand.
C．Depend on. D．Get through.
D 解析：词义猜测题。由倒数第二段中的When we’re sad, he makes funny sounds and makes us laugh和He’s also there to help us celebrate good times.可知，主人不开心时，狗逗他们开心，同时也与他们一起庆祝美好时光。因此，Downes认为，身边有一个朋友陪伴，即使处境艰难，也能一起克服困难。
C
When I was a child, my mother would look at me and say，“You have something special, and I know you can achieve whatever you set your mind on. But you should always know what you will be doing next.”
In college, I made a goal to do well in my study and win a scholarship every year. Certainly, I made it. After college, my goal was to work and live in New York City. I got a good job and two years later, I had my own apartment on the Upper East Side.
As I look back, I understand more clearly that setting goals gave me direction and a path to follow. When I was pregnant(怀孕的) with my first child, my new goal was to stay at home and raise my baby by myself. It means that I had to give up a lot of things, such as my job. It was difficult to accept the truth, but I knew what I wanted and nothing was going to stand in my way.
When my second child was seven years old, I wanted to go back to work. However, my friends told me that it was impossible to get a good job after being away from work for 10 years. But then I went to work as a manager in a big company. It wasn’t easy at first, but I liked the challenge.
I worked at that job for seven years and learned so much. But then I felt a new goal coming. I left my job last month and started my own company. I always teach my children the same thing that my mother told me: You can achieve anything you set your mind on. What do you want? Once you know, go to get it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。从小作者的母亲就告诉作者要树立目标，然后朝着目标努力，所以作者最后很成功，拥有了自己的公司。她的故事告诉我们树立目标很重要。
9．Why did the author stop working once?
A．Because she disliked her previous job.
B．Because she met with difficulties in her job.
C．Because she wanted to raise her child herself.
D．Because she had no one to look after her child.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的my new goal was to stay at home and raise my baby by myself 可知，作者停止工作的原因是想要自己带孩子。
10．How did the author’s friends react to her decision to go back to work?
A．They encouraged her greatly.
B．They thought she couldn’t get a good job.
C．They thought she was not serious about that.
D．They gave her suggestions on finding a good job.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的However, my friends told me that it was impossible to get a good job after being away from work for 10 years. 可知，当作者想要继续工作时，她朋友们的反应是觉得她找不到好的工作。
11．What does the author most probably want to show by writing this passage?
A．It’s important to set goals in life.
B．We should know our own needs.
C．We should always be full of confidence.
D．It’s important to make some changes in life.
A 解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是讲树立目标的重要性。
书面表达
手机在中国发展很快， 拥有和使用它已成为当今时尚。你班同学开展了一项调查。请根据下表提示写一篇短文， 介绍这次调查内容， 并且表明自己的观点。
Advantages
Disadvantages
1.方便， 可以随时和别人联系；
2．可以获取更多信息， 娱乐放松
1.干扰正常工作和生活；
2．驾车接电话很危险
自己的观点
……
注意：1.短文内容必须涵盖表格所有内容， 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯；
2．短文开头已经给出， 不计入总词数；
3．词数：100左右。
As is seen, mobile phones are used nowadays everywhere in China.Here is the survey we have made of how they are used.__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
As_is_seen,_mobile_phones_are_used_nowadays_everywhere_in_China.Here_is_the_survey_we_have_made_of_how_they_are_used. On the one hand, mobile phones make it convenient to keep us in touch with others.Besides, we can also have fun and get much information by surfing the Internet with it.
On the other hand, if we carry a mobile phone, we will be followed by calls and messages, which always disturbs our life and work.Worse still, it is very dangerous to answer the phone while driving.
As far as I am concerned, we should manage our mobile phones well.When having a meeting or lesson, we must turn it off so that it may not disturb us.Make sure we do not make any phone call when driving.In this way, mobile phone will be useful to our life.
课件69张PPT。Unit 2 Language本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷 [学生用书P109(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．____________you have done might do harm to other people.
答案：What
2．____________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
答案：Who
3．These photographs will show you ____________our village looks like.
答案：what
4．Can you make sure ____________Alice has put the gold ring?
答案：where
5．It worried Tracy a bit ____________her hair was turning grey.
答案：that
6．____________you don’t like the singer is none of my business.
答案：That
7．____________is a fact that English is accepted as an international language.
答案：It
8．____________we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
答案：Whether
9．It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____________he or she wants.
答案：what
10．____________is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
答案：What
阅读理解
The car can be a killer. In the US, 36, 675 people died in traffic accidents in 2014. The year before, 2.3 million people were injured in traffic accidents. And during the past ten years, electronic monitoring(监控) programs have been widely used in order to reduce the number of accidents. It is mainly aimed at drivers who run red lights.
In a study I co-authored with Paul J. Fisher, we examined all police-recorded traffic accidents in three large Texas cities over a 12-year period—hundreds of thousands of accidents. We found they didn’t reduce the total number of car accidents as well as the total number of people injured in accidents.
In a red light camera program, a camera is placed in a location where it can take photos or videos of cars as they pass through the intersections(十字路口). City employees then examine the photos. If a car is in the intersection when the light is red, the driver will be fined(罚款). Evidence clearly shows that camera programs really help reduce the number of cars running red lights. In one study in Virginia, red light cameras reduced the number of total drivers running red lights by 67 percent.
However, cameras can have negative effects on traffic safety. Some drivers who intend to continue to cross the intersection when the light is yellow or red will now try to stop. That means that the number of accidents caused by cars not stopping at a red light will likely decrease. But the number of accidents from stopping at a red light is likely to ascend. In order to avoid being fined, some drivers will try to stop, causing a higher risk of other accidents.
The increased number of traffic accidents at intersections in cities is a serious problem. But our study shows that the camera program in Texas was helpless in improving traffic safety. Therefore, electronic monitoring is not the real solution.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者主要是通过自己的研究说明在十字路口装摄像头并不能有效阻止交通事故的发生，因此需要更好的方式来改善交通安全。
1．The author did the study most probably to know whether ________．
A．red light cameras really worked as expected
B．traffic accidents mainly happened at intersections
C．red light cameras helped drivers obey the traffic rules
D．traffic accidents were mainly caused by running red lights
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的We found they didn’t reduce the total number of car accidents as well as the total number of people injured in accidents.可知，这个是调查的结果，其中they指的是摄像头，因此可推测作者做这个调查是为了知道装更多的摄像头是否真的像所预期的(对于减少交通事故)那样管用。
2．What does the underlined word “ascend” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Fall. B．Rise.
C．Change. D．Differ.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据转折词But可知，此句与前一句构成转折关系，再根据本段第一句However, cameras can have negative effects on traffic safety.可推测，该词意为“上升”。
3．What can we infer from the author’s study?
A．Red lights may have negative effects on traffic safety.
B．Better ways should be found to improve traffic safety.
C．More red light cameras should be used at intersections.
D．Traffic accidents at intersections are difficult to avoid.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的But our study shows that the camera program in Texas was helpless in improving traffic safety. Therefore, electronic monitoring is not the real solution.可知，作者通过研究发现，安装摄像头并不是有效改善交通安全的措施，所以可推测，为了改善交通安全，还需要找到更好的办法。
4．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Red light cameras don’t really make streets safer.
B．Electronic monitoring is widely used at intersections.
C．The number of traffic accidents remains high in the US.
D．Accidents caused by running red lights shouldn’t be ignored.
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要是通过自己的研究表明，装更多的摄像头并不能有效减少交通事故。
完形填空
A Brick in Life
A young and successful manager was traveling down a neighborhood street, going a bit too fast in his new Jaguar. He was __1__ kids rushing out from __2__ parked cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something.
__3__ his car passed, one child appeared, and a brick smashed into the Jaguar’s side door. He slammed on the __4__ and turned the Jaguar back to the spot from where the brick had been thrown.
He jumped out of the car, grabbed the kid and __5__ him up against a parked car, shouting，“What was that all about and who are you? Just what __6__ are you doing？” Then he went on，“Didn’t you know that brick you threw is going to __7__ a lot of money. Why did you do it？”
“Please, sir. Please, I’m sorry. I didn’t know __8__ else to do！” begged the youngster.
“__9__ my brother，” he said.“He rolled off the sidewalk and fell out of his __10__ and I can’t lift him up.”
Sobbing, the boy asked the manager, “Would you please help me get him __11__ into his wheelchair? He’s hurt and he’s too __12__ for me.”
Moved __13__ words, the driver tried to swallow the rapidly swelling lump in his throat. He lifted the young man back into the wheelchair and __14__ his handkerchief and wiped the scrapes and cuts, checking to see __15__ everything was going to be okay.
“Thank you, sir. And God bless you，” the __16__ child said to him. The man then __17__ the little boy push his brother to the sidewalk toward __18__home.
It was a long __19__ back to his Jaguar—a long, slow walk. He never did repair the side door. He kept the dent(凹痕) __20__ him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at you to get your attention.
【解题导语】 本文通过一个小故事告诉我们：生活的道路上不要走得太匆忙，我们需要其他人的敲打来引起我们的注意。
1．A.watching for B．looking for
C．heading for D．leaving for
A 解析：watch for 密切注意，留意；经理留意着从车子间跑出来的孩子。由此可知A项符合语境。
2．A.among B．between
C．in D．through
B 解析：从车子之间跑出来，根据语境可知选B项(between 在……之间)。
3．A.While B．Before
C．As D．After
C 解析：当经理的车通过的时候，一个小孩儿丢了一块砖头打到了他的车的侧门，由此可知C项as“当……时”，符合语境。
4．A.window B．door
C．wheel D．brake
D 解析：经理猛踩刹车并后退到被扔砖头的地方。brake“刹车”，符合语境。
5．A.pushed B．pulled
C．held D．caught
A 解析：经理抓住那个小孩儿并把他推向一辆停着的车子。push“推”，符合语境。
6．A.in earth B．on earth
C．after all D．above all
B 解析：经理质问小孩儿到底想干什么，on earth意为“到底，究竟”，符合语境。
7．A.spend B．charge
C．cost D．pay
C 解析：经理质问小孩儿：“你知不知道你扔那块砖要付很多钱，你为什么要这样做？”此处cost意为“需付费”，符合语境。
8．A.which B．who
C．that D．what
D 解析：此处表示“我不知道我还能怎么办？”，考查名词性从句，do后面缺宾语，因此用what。
9．A.It’s B．Which’s
C．That’s D．Who’s
A 解析：根据下文可知，此处小孩儿在说明情况，是他的哥哥从轮椅上摔了下来，他没有办法把他抬回去。此处It’s用以明确身份，故选A项。
10．A.Jaguar B．wheelchair
C．sidewalk D．bike
B 解析：根据下文中的“get him ______ into his wheelchair”可知，他哥哥从轮椅上摔了下来。
11．A.up B．down
C．back D．forward
C 解析：此处表示“你可以帮我把他抬回轮椅上吗？”，back符合语境。下文中的“lifted the young man back into the wheelchair”也是提示。
12．A.light B．funny
C．terrible D．heavy
D 解析：根据上文可知，此处表示“他受伤了，而且对我来说他太重了”。D项heavy“重的”，符合语境。
13．A.beyond B．inside
C．outside D．around
A 解析：这些话让这位年轻的经理深受感动，没法用语言表达，beyond“超出……之外，非……所能及”，符合语境。
14．A.broke out B．took out
C．run out D．gave out
B 解析：经理把小孩儿的哥哥抱回轮椅上，并拿出手帕擦拭小孩儿的哥哥的伤口，确定他哥哥没有什么问题。 B项意为“拿出，取出”；故选B项。
15．A.what B．where
C．that D．which
C 解析：参见上题解析。see that意为“确保，务必(做到)”，符合语境。
16．A.angry B．willing
C．satisfactory D．grateful
D 解析：根据空格前的“Thank you, sir. And God bless you”可知，小孩儿非常感激这个经理。故选D项。
17．A.watched B．glared
C．noticed D．witnessed
A 解析：然后经理看着小孩儿推着他哥哥回他们的家。watch注视，看； 根据语境可知选A项。
18．A.his B．their
C．her D．its
B 解析：参见上题解析。此处指小孩儿和哥哥。
19．A.journey B．trip
C．walk D．running
C 解析：经理返回Jaguar的路变得很漫长。破折号后面的“a long, slow walk”也是提示，选C项。
20．A.reminding B．reminded
C．reminds D．to remind
D 解析：经理保留着车子侧门上的凹痕是为了提醒他自己。此处用动词不定式表示目的，故选D项。
B卷 [学生用书P111(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
Living abroad is not for everyone.Though it can certainly be a fun and exciting experience，it can also be filled with difficulties.Before you book the plane ticket，it’s a good idea to think carefully about living abroad.
If you’ve lived in the same town for most of your life，a new place full of new food and things can seem like a dream comes true.Your free time will be filled with exploration and sightseeing.You’ll have the opportunity to experience places much older than the United States.However，that feeling will become less and you may find yourself wishing you could just turn on the TV and watch old TV series in English or eat your favorite American meal.
Americans in Europe and South America often find that medical care is both cheaper and easier to get than in the United States.For example，everyone can get a dental(牙齿的) checkup for only around $20 in Turkey.However，you may be disappointed by the lack of familiar medicines.And you may not be able to read the instructions.
The work that the ordinary Americans can do abroad usually pays better than what the ordinary locals do.A full-time teaching job in Ukraine，for example，can help you live a very rich life.However，if you become bored with your position，other job choices are somewhat limited unless you speak the local language as well as English.Moreover，you will probably find that some benefits don’t exist for foreigners.
When you live abroad，opportunities for international travel increase greatly.You may be able to take a day trip across the border from your apartment in Budapest to a concert in Vienna or take a boat to Montevideo for a night out after work in Buenos Aires.However，your money may not allow especially comfortable travel and you may have to stay in inexpensive hotels，cook your own food and take long-distance land transportation.
【解题导语】 美国人如果搬去国外居住有利也有弊，本文列举了一些利弊。
1．According to Paragraph 2，how may one feel at first when living abroad?
A．Bored. B．Excited.
C．Frightened. D．Concerned.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的If you’ve lived in the same town for most of your life，a new place full of new food and things can seem like a dream comes true.可知，一开始在国外的生活让你感觉像是梦想实现了，这很令人兴奋。
2．What does the example in Paragraph 3 show?
A．Seeing a doctor is quite cheap abroad.
B．It’s much better to live in the United States.
C．A dental checkup abroad is not convenient.
D．Most Americans can’t afford dental checkups.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的everyone can get a dental(牙齿的) checkup for only around $20 in Turkey可知，这个例子表明在国外就医很便宜。
3．What does the author think is a disadvantage of Americans’ working abroad?
A．They’re usually paid lower than the locals.
B．They must learn the local language quickly.
C．There are not many suitable positions for them.
D．They face too much competition with other Americans.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的However，if you become bored with your position，other job choices are somewhat limited unless you speak the local language as well as English.可知，在国外如果你不会说当地语言，那么你的职业选择就很少。
4．Who is the text written for?
A．Americans living abroad.
B．Foreigners living in the U．S.
C．Americans traveling abroad.
D．Americans planning to live abroad.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Before you book the plane ticket，it’s a good idea to think carefully about living abroad.可知，本文主要是针对那些计划搬去国外居住的美国人写的。
B
It’s a book
about friendship, loyalty(忠诚), and teamwork. It will make you laugh and cry, and give you hope.
Co-written by Jessica Kensky and her husband, Patrick Downes, the new picture book, Rescue&Jessica: A Life-Changing Friendship, tells the story of a girl named Jessica who is dealing with the loss of her leg. Rescue, her service dog, discovers that he can be a good friend and help Jessica get through hard times.
The book is illustrated(作插图) by Scott Magoon, whose drawings show Rescue working alongside Jessica. “He can pick up the phone to bring it to her if she needs it，” Magoon said. “He can even open doors for her or call for help if she’s in trouble.”
The story does not discuss the bombing attack(炸弹袭击) at the Boston Marathon in 2013, which took place at the finish line, killing three people and injuring hundreds of others. But readers learn in the authors’ note that Downes and Kensky were among those injured. Kensky lost both legs, and Downes lost his left leg.
It took two years to write Rescue&Jessica, and two more to publish(出版) it. “The best part was having a good distraction(分散注意力的事物) from the really hard time I was having during my recovery，” Kensky said.
Downes described how Rescue has helped the couple.“When we’re sad, he makes funny sounds and makes us laugh，” Downes said. “He’s also there to help us celebrate good times. If you have a friend, things might be hard, but you can overcome it together.”
Downes and Kensky and their picture book speak for “Boston Strong”. Downes explained the term：“It brought people together after the bombing and brought out the best in everyone. When people needed it the most, we took care of each other.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者介绍并简单评论了一本绘本故事书。
5．What happened to Jessica in the book?
A．She lost one of her legs.
B．She saved a service dog.
C．She was injured during an attack.
D．She was forced to leave her friends.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的the story of a girl named Jessica who is dealing with the loss of her leg.可知，该绘本的主人公Jessica失去了一条腿。
6．What can we infer about the book?
A．It encourages people to be friendly to dogs.
B．It is based on the authors’ own experience.
C．It is especially helpful for people with special needs.
D．It places importance on having a good friend in life.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的a girl named Jessica who is...get through hard times和第四段中的Kensky lost both legs, and Downes lost his left leg.以及倒数第二段可知，绘本故事的情节与作者夫妇的经历相似，因此推断，该故事是基于作者的亲身经历创作的。
7．What did Kensky get from writing the book?
A．She became better prepared for hard times.
B．She felt it took her mind off her hardship.
C．She grew more interested in writing.
D．She became closer to Rescue.
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段中Kensky所说的话可知，创作并发表该书期间，她正处于康复期，写书分散了她的注意力，帮助她度过了痛苦的康复期。
8．What does the underlined word “overcome” in the last but one paragraph mean?
A．Realize. B．Understand.
C．Depend on. D．Get through.
D 解析：词义猜测题。由倒数第二段中的When we’re sad, he makes funny sounds and makes us laugh和He’s also there to help us celebrate good times.可知，主人不开心时，狗逗他们开心，同时也与他们一起庆祝美好时光。因此，Downes认为，身边有一个朋友陪伴，即使处境艰难，也能一起克服困难。
C
When I was a child, my mother would look at me and say，“You have something special, and I know you can achieve whatever you set your mind on. But you should always know what you will be doing next.”
In college, I made a goal to do well in my study and win a scholarship every year. Certainly, I made it. After college, my goal was to work and live in New York City. I got a good job and two years later, I had my own apartment on the Upper East Side.
As I look back, I understand more clearly that setting goals gave me direction and a path to follow. When I was pregnant(怀孕的) with my first child, my new goal was to stay at home and raise my baby by myself. It means that I had to give up a lot of things, such as my job. It was difficult to accept the truth, but I knew what I wanted and nothing was going to stand in my way.
When my second child was seven years old, I wanted to go back to work. However, my friends told me that it was impossible to get a good job after being away from work for 10 years. But then I went to work as a manager in a big company. It wasn’t easy at first, but I liked the challenge.
I worked at that job for seven years and learned so much. But then I felt a new goal coming. I left my job last month and started my own company. I always teach my children the same thing that my mother told me: You can achieve anything you set your mind on. What do you want? Once you know, go to get it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。从小作者的母亲就告诉作者要树立目标，然后朝着目标努力，所以作者最后很成功，拥有了自己的公司。她的故事告诉我们树立目标很重要。
9．Why did the author stop working once?
A．Because she disliked her previous job.
B．Because she met with difficulties in her job.
C．Because she wanted to raise her child herself.
D．Because she had no one to look after her child.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的my new goal was to stay at home and raise my baby by myself 可知，作者停止工作的原因是想要自己带孩子。
10．How did the author’s friends react to her decision to go back to work?
A．They encouraged her greatly.
B．They thought she couldn’t get a good job.
C．They thought she was not serious about that.
D．They gave her suggestions on finding a good job.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的However, my friends told me that it was impossible to get a good job after being away from work for 10 years. 可知，当作者想要继续工作时，她朋友们的反应是觉得她找不到好的工作。
11．What does the author most probably want to show by writing this passage?
A．It’s important to set goals in life.
B．We should know our own needs.
C．We should always be full of confidence.
D．It’s important to make some changes in life.
A 解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是讲树立目标的重要性。
书面表达
手机在中国发展很快， 拥有和使用它已成为当今时尚。你班同学开展了一项调查。请根据下表提示写一篇短文， 介绍这次调查内容， 并且表明自己的观点。
Advantages
Disadvantages
1.方便， 可以随时和别人联系；
2．可以获取更多信息， 娱乐放松
1.干扰正常工作和生活；
2．驾车接电话很危险
自己的观点
……
注意：1.短文内容必须涵盖表格所有内容， 可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯；
2．短文开头已经给出， 不计入总词数；
3．词数：100左右。
As is seen, mobile phones are used nowadays everywhere in China.Here is the survey we have made of how they are used.__________________________________________________
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One possible version：
As_is_seen,_mobile_phones_are_used_nowadays_everywhere_in_China.Here_is_the_survey_we_have_made_of_how_they_are_used. On the one hand, mobile phones make it convenient to keep us in touch with others.Besides, we can also have fun and get much information by surfing the Internet with it.
On the other hand, if we carry a mobile phone, we will be followed by calls and messages, which always disturbs our life and work.Worse still, it is very dangerous to answer the phone while driving.
As far as I am concerned, we should manage our mobile phones well.When having a meeting or lesson, we must turn it off so that it may not disturb us.Make sure we do not make any phone call when driving.In this way, mobile phone will be useful to our life.
[学生用书P52]
重点单词
1．defeat vt.& n． 战胜， 击败
2．consist vi. 组成， 构成
(1)consist in＝lie in 存在于； 在于
consist with 与……一致/相符
(2)consistent adj. 相容的； 一致的
be_consistent_with 和……一致/相符
3．drag vt. (使劲地)拖， 拉
4．raise vt. 养育， 培养； 举起； 增加，
提高； 筹募； 提及
5．mixture n. 混合， 混合体
6．replace vt. 替换， 代替， 取代
(1)replace...with/by．..用……替换， 以……接替
(2)take the place of/take one’s place
代替
in place of.../in one’s place
代替
7．differ vi. 相异， 有区别
(1)differ from...in．.. 与……在……方面不一样
(2)difference n. 不同；区别
make a difference 有影响；重要， 要紧
(3)different adj. 不同的；相异的
be different from．..in...
在……方面与……不同
8．combine vt.&vi. 组合； (使)联合
(1)combine...with/and．.. 将……与……结合在一起
combine to_do sth. 联合起来干某事；合起来促成某事
(2)combination n. 联合；结合
in combination with 联合起来；与……联合/
结合
9．distinguish vt. 区分， 辨别；使具有某种特征
10．indicate vt. 显示， 表示； 象征， 暗示
11．press vt. (被)压， 挤， 推， 施加压力
n. 报刊； 新闻界； 出版社
12．convenient adj. 方便的
(1)It’s convenient for sb.to_do sth.
对某人来说做某事是便利的
sth.be convenient to/for sb.
对某人来说……是方便的
sth.be convenient for sth.
……离……很近
(2)convenience n. 方便；便利
at one’s convenience 在某人方便时
13．occupy v. 占领； 占用(时间、空间等)
occupation n. 职业； 占用； 占领
occupational adj. 职业的
14．official adj. 官方的， 正式的
n. 官员
officially adv. 官方地； 正式地
15．contribution n. 贡献， 促成因素；捐赠
contribute vt. 贡献； 捐献； 写稿
16．access vt. 接近； 使用；进入
n. (使用的)机会， 权利； 享用权；通道
accessible adj. 易到达的； 易接近的
17．conclusion n. 结论； 推论； 结尾
conclude v. 推论出； 断定； 完成； 结束
18．represent vt. 代表；展示， 描绘
representation n. 代表； 描写
representative n. 代表者
重点短语
1．be_made_up_of/consist_of 由……组成(构成)
2．name_after 以……命名
3．aside_from 除……之外
4．take_control_of 控制， 取得对……的控制
5．lead_to 导致； 通向
6．make_contributions_to 对……做出贡献
7．go_through 经历
8．in_conclusion 总之； 综上所述； 最后
9．differ_from 和……不同， 不同于
10．stand_for 代表， 象征
11．as_a_whole 作为整体， 总体上
重点句型
1．That’s why...这就是……的原因
That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.
【仿写】 我起晚了， 这就是为什么我没赶上汽车的原因。
I got up late; that’s_why I missed the bus.
2. “疑问词＋动词不定式” 作宾语
When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use.
【仿写】 他们不知道如何对付这个淘气的男孩。
They didn’t know how_to_deal_with the naughty boy.
3．在作表语的形容词后， 用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer.
【仿写】 妈妈叫我们不要在湖上溜冰。因为冰太薄不能在上面溜冰。
Mother told us not to skate on the lake for the ice is too thin to_skate_on．
4．all与否定词连用， 构成部分否定
Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
【仿写】 不是所有的鸟都会飞。
Not_all_birds can fly.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文， 并背诵成文。
1．现在， 许多人成天忙于工作， 忽视了对父母的关心。(be occupied in; concern)
2．父母把我们抚养长大很不容易。(raise)
3．除了给他们所需的东西外， 我们要在方便的时候尽量多地去看他们。(apart from; convenient)
4．亲人之间的爱和关心是任何东西都取代不了的。(replace)
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One possible version：
Now, many people are occupied in working.As a result, they ignore the concern about their parents.It’s difficult for them to raise us.Apart from things they need, we should visit them as much as possible when it is convenient.After all, nothing can replace love and care among members of our family.
课件20张PPT。be made up of/consist ofname afteraside fromtake control oflead tomake contributions togo throughin conclusiondiffer fromstand foras a wholethat’s whyhow to deal withto skate onNot all birds本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
