环境污染已经成为全球问题，保护环境，人人有责。为什么环境如此重要？读一读下面的文章了解一下吧！
Why Our Environment Matters So Much
The simplest explanation about why the environment matters is that, as humans, the environment—the Earth—is our home.It is where we live, breathe, eat, raise our children, etc.Our entire life support system(系统) is dependent on the well-being of all of the species living on earth.This is commonly referred to as the biosphere(生物圈), a term created by Vladimir Vernadsky, a Russian scientist in the 1920s.The biosphere refers to one global ecological system in which all living things are interdependent.
Food Chain
The food chain is an example of this.The sun provides light and heat for plants.The plants are consumed(消耗) by animals who are in turn consumed by other animals who may in turn, be consumed by humans.Or perhaps they are used for material, clothing，
etc.Even insects like mosquitoes play a role and of course bees pollinate plants.
Ecosystem
Within the overall biosphere, or ecosystem, there are smaller ecosystems like the rainforests, marine ecosystems, the desert and the tundra(冻原，苔原)．When any of these systems are off kilter(平衡，状态良好), it impacts the entire planet.All of the environmental problems that exist have far-reaching implications for the health of our planet and its inhabitants.
For example, global warming causes a rise in sea levels which affects marine life.The rising sea levels also cause land erosion(侵蚀) which harms the habitats of animals living by the coast.Global warming also melts polar caps and leads to Arctic shrinking.This endangers the polar bears and other Arctic wildlife.Since the icecaps are made of fresh water, they will throw off the saline levels in the ocean which will affect ocean currents.Furthermore, the ice caps reflect light.As they disappear the Earth will get darker and absorb more heat increasing the Earth’s temperature.
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
1．debate n．& vi. 辩论；争论，讨论
2．flow vi. 流，流动；流畅地进行
n. 流动；连贯
3．recycle vt.& vi. 回收利用
4．credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可；
信用，信誉；学分
5．quantity n. 数量
6．raw adj. 原始的，未经加工或处理的
7．willing adj. 愿意的，乐意的
8．pump vt.&vi. 用泵(或泵样器官等)输送；
涌出，涌流
n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒
9．consultant n. 顾问→consult v. 查阅；请教；商讨；就诊
10．production n. 产量；生产→produce vt. 生产；制造
11．greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的→greed n. 贪婪， 贪心
12．responsibility n. 责任，职责→responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的
13．belief n. 看法；信念→believe v. 相信；认为
14．environmental adj. 环境的→environment n. 环境
15．operate vt.& vi. 经营；动手术→operation n. 手术
【构词】名词后缀 -(t)ion：……的行为/动作；常见词：action行为 collection收集 creation创造
1．open_the_floor 自由发言
2．result_in 导致
3．cut_back_on 减少，削减，缩减
4．at_the_same_time 同时；然而，可是
5．be_concerned_about 对……关心
6．ask_around 四处打听；多方询问
7．cut_down 砍倒，削减
8．use_up 用尽
9．run_out_(of) 用完，耗尽
10．as_long_as 只要
1. 倒装
With_me_are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.
和我在一起的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。
2．现在分词短语作结果状语
Other types of waste flow into our water，killing_river_and_sea_life．
其他种类的废物流入水中，杀死了河流和海洋中的生物。
3．倍数＋what引导的名词性从句
The world’s population has grown by_six_times_what_it_was in 1800.
与1800年相比，世界人口的数量已增长了六倍。
4．do强调谓语动词
However，I do_agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled，and less from raw materials，the supply of which is growing smaller and smaller.
然而，我的确非常赞同我们应该用可循环利用的材料生产出更多东西，更少地用原材料生产，因为原材料的供应量越来越少了。
5．What if...？如果……怎么办？
What_if they run out?
如果它们用完了怎么办？
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Lin Shuiqing’s speech?
A．Industrial waste destroyed many plants and killed many plants and animals.
B．Factories producing poisonous chemicals should be closed down.
C．Fishes died because of more than one reason.
D．Polluted atmosphere can make human beings sick.
2．What can be inferred from the speech?
A．Though we caught large numbers of fish，they develop so quickly that we’ll still have enough to eat.
B．It’s likely that we’ll not have enough to eat if we keep producing people rapidly.
C．Lin Shuiqing is for the idea of recycling，while Qian Liwei is against it.
D．An economist is often seen as being against the environment.
3．What does the phrase “open the floor for discussion” mean in the 1st paragraph?
A．Let people step on the stage to discuss.
B．Allow people to come into and discuss with the speaker.
C．People can bring out questions or give their opinions freely.
D．The speaker comes onto the stage to discuss with the audience.
4．What does the sentence “People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment，but this does not have to be true.” mean?
A．Economic development is good for the environment.
B．Economic development is bad for the environment.
C．Economic development is not always bad for the environment.
D．People are wrong to think economic development is bad for the environment.
答案：1－4.BBCC
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．What I’m here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.
本句是一个主从复合句，that having worked with many environmental consultants...为that引导的________从句； that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time为that引导的________从句。
[尝试翻译] 我在这里要说的是，与很多环境顾问一起工作之后，我知道________________________________是有可能的。
答案：表语；宾语；健康的环境和经济发展并存
2．There are many factories and industries which control the amount of pollution they produce, and are very careful to spend money repairing any damage they cause.
本句是一个主从复合句，which control the amount of pollution they produce, and are very careful to spend money repairing any damage they cause是________从句；and连接两个并列的谓语________和are very careful。
[尝试翻译] 现在有很多工厂和企业，它们________________________，很用心地投入资金，________________________破坏。
答案：定语；control；控制自己污染物的排放量；修缮自己造成的任何
The economy① or the environment—must we choose?
TV host②：James Long
Speakers：Lin Shuiqing, a spokeswoman③ from the Green Society
Qian Liwei, a business development consultant④
James Long：Good morning.Today’s debate⑤ question is，‘The economy or the environment—must we choose？’With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing⑥， from the Green Society, and Mr Qian Liwei, a business development consultant.We are following our usual schedule⑦ for debates.Ms Lin Shuiqing will speak first for three minutes.Mr Qian Liwei will follow, also for three minutes.Then we will open the floor⑧ for discussion.If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to express⑨ them.
①economy[I'k?n?mI]n.经济(情况)；经济体
②TV host电视节目主持人
③spokeswoman['sp??ksw?m?n]n.女发言人
spokesman n．发言人
④consultant[k?n's?lt?nt]n.顾问
⑤debate[dI'beIt]n.&vi.辩论；争论，讨论
⑥表语with me提前，构成完全倒装句。
⑦schedule n．计划表，进度表，日程表 v．排定，把……安排在，预定 on schedule按预定时间
⑧open the floor自由发言 have/get the floor取得发言权
⑨express v．表达，表示
经济还是环境——我们必须做出选择吗？
电视节目主持人：詹姆斯·朗
发言人：林水清，绿色协会女发言人
钱利伟，企业发展顾问
詹姆斯·朗：上午好。今天辩论的话题是“经济还是环境——我们必须做出选择吗？”和我在一起的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。我们今天辩论的程序与往常一样。林水清女士首先发言，时间为3分钟。接下来是钱利伟先生发言，时间也是3分钟。然后我们将展开自由讨论。如果大家有什么问题或评论，可以利用这一时间将它们表达出来。
Lin Shuiqing：Good morning, everyone.First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical wasteB10.Many places have been destroyed and many plants and animals have died.This is awful?.Factories produce large numbers of? harmful? chemicals.The waste they create goes into the atmosphere? and makes us sick.Other types of waste flow? into our water, killing river and sea life.
Much sea life is being destroyed by fishing boats as well?.These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay? eggs.This will result in? a smaller number of fish left for us to eat in the future.
While? we damage our environment, we keep producing? more and more people who need more land to live on and more food to eatB21！The world’s population has grown byB22 six times what it was in 1800B23.The figureB24 is now about 7 billionB25 people!
the way作先行词后接定语从句，定语从句缺状语时。
?awful adj.可怕的
?large numbers of大量的，修饰复数可数名词。
?harmful adj.有害的
?atmosphere n．大气，空气；气氛；氛围
?flow[fl??]vi.流，流动；流畅地进行 n．流动；连贯
?as well也
?lay vt.产卵，下蛋；放置，摆放
?result in导致 result from因……产生，由……造成
?while(＝when) conj.当……的时候
?keep doing sth.一直做某事
who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。
grow by增长了 grow to增长到
“倍数＋what从句”是倍数的一种表达形式。
figure n．数字
billion['bIlj?n]n.十亿
林水清：大家上午好。我今天首先要谈的是化学废物如何破坏世界上的大片区域的。许多地方已经被毁，许多动植物已经死亡。这很可怕。工厂生产大量有害化学物质。它们产生的废物进入大气，使我们生病。其他种类的废物流入水中，杀死了河流和海洋中的生物。
捕鱼船也在毁灭大量的海洋生物。这些船捕捞大量的鱼，而不给它们时间产卵。这将导致今后我们食用的鱼的数目更小。
一方面我们在毁灭环境，另一方面我们继续生育越来越多的人口，这些人口需要更多的土地居住，也需要更多的食物食用！与1800年相比，世界人口的数量已增长了六倍。现在约有七十亿人！
It is our dutyB26 to try to cut back onB27 productionB28 and reduce the number ofB29 things we make and buyB30.The amount of rubbish we produceB31 is turning intoB32 a big problem; we need to think more about recyclingB33 our waste.It would be good to increase the amount of waste we recycleB34, and teach people ways of living that do not harm the environmentB35.We may even create more jobs and help our country become more developed at the same time.
Thank you.
duty['dju?tI]n.责任，义务，本分
cut back on减少，削减，缩减
production[pr?'d?k?n]n.产量；生产
the number of……的数量
we make and buy为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句。
we produce为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词rubbish。
turn into变成
recycle[?ri?'saIkl]vt.&vi.回收利用
we recycle为省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词waste。
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词ways of living。
我们有责任努力削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量。我们制造出来的垃圾的数量正在成为一个大问题。我们有必要更多地考虑回收利用垃圾。好的做法将是增加回收利用的废物的数量，并教给人们不损害环境的生活方式。我们甚至可以创造出更多的就业机会，帮助我们的国家在保护环境的同时更好地发展。
谢谢。
Qian Liwei：Good morning, ladies and gentlemenB36.Thank you, Ms Lin.That was an interesting speech.It is clear that you are very concerned aboutB37 the present situationB38 of our environment.B39As a business development consultant, I’m often seen asB40 being against the environment.When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipesB41 pouring chemical waste intoB42 riversB43.They think of greedyB44 businessmenB45 hiding from their responsibilitiesB46 and only worrying about money.People often have this beliefB47 that development is bad for the environmentB48, but this does not have to be true.
gentleman n．绅士，先生
be concerned about关心，关注
situation n．形势，情形
that引导主语从句，it作形式主语。
see...as...把……看作……
pipe[paIp]n.管子，管道
pour...into...把……倒入……
现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰pipes。
greedy['ɡri?dI]adj.贪婪的，贪心的
businessman['bIzn?sm?n]n.(尤指上层)商界人员；企业家
responsibility[rI?sp?ns?'bIl?tI]n.责任，职责
belief[bI'li?f]n.看法；信念
that引导同位语从句，解释说明belief。
钱利伟：女士们、先生们，上午好。谢谢你，林女士。你的演讲很有意思。显然，你非常关注我们的环境的现状。作为企业发展顾问，我常常被视为是反对环保的。一想到工厂，人们就会想到污浊的滚滚浓烟或者向河流倾泻化学废物的管道。他们会想到那些逃避责任并且只想着赚钱的贪婪的商人。人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这未必是正确的。
What I’m here to say is that having worked with many environmentalB49 consultants，I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time.There are many factories and industries which control the amount of pollution they produceB50, and are very careful to spend money repairingB51 any damage they causeB52.The people operatingB53 these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.We need to stop thinking of companies and businessmen asB54 the enemy, and give them more creditB55!
Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantityB56 of things we produceB57 in order to saveB58 the environment.I don’t agree with her because then jobs will be lostB59.I believe that people are more important than fish and trees.
environmental[In?vaIr?n'mentl]adj.环境的
environment n．环境
which引导定语从句，修饰先行词factories and industries，其中又包含另一个定语从句they produce，修饰先行词pollution。
spend...doing sth.花费……做某事
they cause为定语从句，修饰先行词damage。
operate['?p?reIt]vt.&vi.经营；动手术
think of...as...把……看作……
credit['kredIt]n.赞扬，称赞，认可；信用，信誉；学分
quantity['kw?nt?tI]n.数量 quality n．质量
we produce为定语从句，修饰先行词things。
save vt.保护，救；节省；储蓄
lost为过去分词化的形容词作表语(＝gone)。
我在这里要说的是，与很多环境顾问一起工作之后，我知道健康的环境和经济发展并存是有可能的。现在有很多工厂和企业，它们控制自己污染物的排放量，很用心地投入资金，修缮自己造成的任何破坏。这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。我们应该停止将这些公司和商人视为敌人，而应给他们更多的赞誉！
林女士建议我们应该削减生产量来拯救环境。我不同意她的观点，因为那样的话，许多人将会失去工作。我认为人类比鱼类和树木更加重要。
However, I do agreeB60 that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycledB61, and less from raw materialsB62, the supply of which is growing smaller and smallerB63.What we needB64 are better laws to preserveB65 the environment and still allow our country to grow.This includes controls on how many trees are cut down and how many fish are caught.This might make wood and seafoodB66 more expensive, but paying a higher price for some thingsB67 is not always bad.Asking around, I find many people willingB68 to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environmentB69.
Finally, those factories which pollute the environmentB70 should have to pay higher taxesB71.If you harmB72 the environment, you should have to payB73 for it to be repaired.
Thank you for listening.
James Long: Now we will open the floor for discussion...
do为助动词，强调谓语动词，意为“的确”。
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词materials。
raw material n．原材料
raw[r??]adj.原始的，未经加工或处理的
which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词raw materials。
what引导主语从句。
preserve vt.保护，维持；保存，贮存
seafood['si?fu?d]n.海味，海鲜
动名词短语作主语。
willing['wIlI?]adj.愿意的，乐意的
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词things。
which引导定语从句，修饰先行词those factories。
tax[t?ks]n.税，税款
harm(＝damage)vt.损害，伤害，危害
pay v．付钱
然而，我的确非常赞同我们应该用可循环利用的材料生产出更多东西，更少地用原材料生产，因为原材料的供应量越来越少了。我们需要更好的法律来保护环境，但同时让国家得到发展。这包括控制伐木量和捕捞量。这可能会让木材和海产品价格上涨，但是为某些东西支付更高的价钱并不总是坏事。我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。
最后，那些污染环境的工厂应该缴纳更高的税。如果你破坏环境，你就应该为此付出更多的环境维护费用。
谢谢大家。
詹姆斯·朗：现在是自由讨论时间……
A卷
阅读理解
A
Animals can move from place to place，but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines(刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grass may contain a sandy material；eating such grass wears down the animal’s teeth.
Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar(毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses.A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly(多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom(毒液)．A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了植物的一些防御外敌侵犯的方法。
1．The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals ________．
A．are not tall enough
B．like the lower leaves only
C．are not clever enough
D．can get the lower leaves easily
D 解析：细节理解题。文章第二段介绍，冬青植物底部的叶子刺更多是一种自我保护手段，因为底部的叶子容易被动物吃掉。
2．To defend themselves, oak trees use ________．
A．chemical means B．physical means
C．bitter chemicals D．sandy materials
B 解析：细节理解题。由文章第三段可知，橡树是采取“物理”手段保护自己。
3．How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?
A．Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.
B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.
C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.
D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.
C 解析：细节理解题。文章倒数第二段介绍，当“烟草”受到毛虫袭击的时候，它会传送信息到根部，增加“尼古丁”的含量。
4．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Plants and Animals
B．How Plants Defend Themselves
C．Attacks and Defenses
D．How Animals Eat Plant Leaves
B 解析：标题归纳题。从文章介绍的“植物受到动物攻击时采取自我保护或防御手段”可得出答案。
B
A few years ago，I read about an eight-year-old girl who studied elephant poaching(偷猎) in school and made a poster for her local grocery store.The slogan read, “Save the elephants.Don’t buy Ivory Soap，or they will die out.” What the girl had done taught me a lesson.Since then，I have looked at eight-year-olds in a different way.As an environmental educator，I used to teach eight-year-olds about the harm of elephant poaching, rainforest destruction，and global warming.I had a degree in natural science—but not in child development.What did I think I was accomplishing by putting my environmental concerns on the shoulders of kids who still believe in fairy tales(童话故事)?
Kids develop the fear of nature when their primary contact with the natural world is hearing bad news about the environment.If I wanted to inspire conservation action, I needed to change my ways，but how？I came across some research by psychologist Louise Chawla.She wanted to know what had gone on in the childhoods of adults who are good environmental citizens.She found two things most common.They had free time to explore the rivers or woods down the street，and they had an adult in their lives who was enthusiastic about the natural world.I understand now that what turned me into a good person today was a childhood spent playing in the field and having a dad who knew that finding a lobster(龙虾) under a rock was better than finding treasure.
So that’s what I was doing when I was eight years old—looking under rocks，climbing trees，and picking wild flowers.I didn’t know a thing about the Clean Air Act that was being debated in congress at that time.I didn’t hear a lot of environmental problems.But I built a relationship with nature and I grew up to care.Now I treat my own kids like the child I was.My kids turn off the water when they brush their teeth and turn off the lights when they leave a room.
【解题导语】 人类赖以生存的大自然正在被严重破坏，保护环境应该从孩子抓起，帮助孩子从小建立与自然的关系。
5．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?
A．The author felt very proud of herself.
B．The author took action to save the elephants.
C．The author thought her teaching was a failure.
D．The author doubted the natural science.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的What did I think...believe in fairy tales(童话故事)？以及第二段中的I needed to change my ways可知，作者认为自己的教育方法是不可取的。
6．How do children react when learning about environmental problems?
A．They tend to ignore the problems.
B．They become scared of nature.
C．They hate to learn natural science.
D．They want to help solve the problems.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Kids develop the fear...bad news about the environment.可知，让孩子们了解了环境问题会导致他们对大自然产生恐惧。
7．The author mentions the research in order to show________．
A．how to have a happy childhood
B．what the best way to get close to nature is
C．how to change children’s bad behavior
D．what makes children care about the environment
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的She wanted to know what...environmental citizens.可知，该研究主要解释了是什么影响了孩子，让他们长大后为保护环境出一份力。
8．What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A．The harm of hunting animals.
B．The causes of environmental problems.
C．The importance of encouraging kids to protect nature.
D．The right methods of developing children’s idea of nature.
D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要阐述了教育和环境保护之间的关系，作者通过实例论述了一个道理：让孩子拥有环保思想的正确教育方式不是让他们感到害怕，而是让他们心中充满对大自然的爱。
C
Most Americans seem to have a strong desire for variety in their diets，judging by the popularity of foreign restaurants.But though many people would be willing to sample a curry(咖喱) dish from India，a real Hungarian goulash(红烩牛肉)，or even Japanese sushi(寿司)，very few would want to enjoy a kind of food that is popular in many countries：insects.
Eating insects actually is obviously reasonable.There are certainly enough of them around，and though most are too small to bother with，many grow to a respectable size or in dense groups that can be easily harvested.They are very nutritious.After all，many birds and mammals take in diets consisting of nothing but insects.And since insects contain a fair amount of salt，they are already well seasoned.Indeed，in those countries where insects are eaten，they are usually considered very delicious food.Caterpillars(毛毛虫) are a popular dish in Mexico，where they are fried and served under the name of “agave worms”；and chocolate-covered bees and ants are favorite candies in Switzerland.
It is unlikely that canned grasshoppers(蚱蜢) will become popular in America in the near future，but who knows？Perhaps in years to come people will rid themselves of their prejudice(偏见) against insects and will find themselves going out to dig for grubs as eagerly as others now go out to gather mushrooms.
9．The writer bases his opinion that most Americans long for different kinds of food on the fact that________．
A．few Americans love to eat insects
B．they can sample different kinds of foreign dishes
C．foreign restaurants are popular in the U．S.
D．they will come to like eating insects
C 解析：细节理解题。从文章首句“Most Americans seem to have a strong desire for variety in their diets，judging by the popularity of foreign restaurants.”可知。
10．Many people love eating insects because________．
A．they do not contain poison
B．they are very small
C．they live in groups
D．they contain nutrition
D 解析：细节理解题。第二段中提到了吃昆虫的各种理由。其中一条就是“They are very nutritious.”，据此可知本题答案为D。
11．The underlined word “grubs” in the last paragraph refers to________．
A．a kind of insects
B．a useful tool for catching insects
C．an expert in catching insects
D．a kind of plants that can be eaten
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据前文，我们可以知道，随着人们对昆虫的种种偏见的消除，人们会喜欢上吃昆虫，因而会像外出采蘑菇一样去寻找“昆虫”。
12．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A．American Restaurants B．Insects for Food
C．Return to Nature D．Change on Food
B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，我们可以看出，本文主要讲述的是世界上不少地方将昆虫作为食物。第二段的第一句话就是本文的主题句。
七选五
We all have negative voice inside of us that tells us to stay still and not to go to work out.1.________ Here are some steps to help you overcome and defeat the negative voice in your head.
Admit its presence. For as long as we can remember, the inner voice has always been there.2.________ Once you make yourself aware that it is there and what it does to you, then you are in a better position to deal with it correctly.
3．________ Whenever you catch the voice telling you something negative, replace it with something positive. For example, when you are supposed to go to work out, but that voice says “No, we’re comfortable here, and let’s not move”， you can replace it right away with “Yes, I can do it, and I am doing it！”
Change your vocabulary. The little negative voice didn’t come out of nowhere.4.________ What you need to do is change and remove certain words from your speech and thoughts. Replace “can’t, won’t, would, might” with clear positive actions such as I will, I can, I have, I want.
Speak out loud. A loud and clear voice is more likely to overcome an inner voice. So silence the negative voice by expressing out loud what you truly want and what’s best for you. Hearing yourself say out loud like “I am going to the gym.” or “I can finish my task.” is very inspiring. 5.________
A．Turn it into clear expressions.
B．Drown it with positive thoughts.
C．So we must accept the fact that it does exist.
D．It has been trained to put things into certain words.
E．But people need to take some measures to gain excited feelings.
F．It may even tell us that we are not good enough to do a certain task.
G．The inner negative voice simply won’t be able to compete with that.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个消除负面思维的方法。
1．F 解析：此空设于段中，与上一句形成递进关系。进一步说明负面思维还会让我们认为自己不具备完成某项任务的能力。
2．C 解析：此空设于段中，与上一句存在因果关系。说明我们必须接受负面思维的存在。
3．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段主题句。本段后面的内容“replace it with something positive”及具体例子，都是在说我们要把消极的思想转换成积极的东西，是对该主题句的具体阐释。
4．D 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句，承上启下。负面思维不是凭空而来的，它存在于某些特定的词汇中。
5．G 解析：此空设于段尾，承接上句，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。该句中的that指的是上一句提到的洪亮而有力的话语。
B卷
阅读理解
Animal Conservation
Many animal and plant species have become extinct and many more are in critical danger.Finding ways to protect the earth’s wildlife and conserve the natural world they inhabit(居住) is now more important than ever.
The Dodo
The Dodo is a classic example of how human caused damage to the earth’s biology.The flightless Dodo was native to the Island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.The easily controlled bird became a source of food for sailors and was attacked by animals introduced to the island by humans such as pigs, monkeys and rats.The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.
Rhinos(犀牛)
The Rhino horn is a highly prized item for Asian medicine.This has led to the animal being hunted in its natural habitat.Once widespread in Africa and Eurasia，most rhinos now live in protected natural parks and reserves.Their numbers have rapidly decreased in the last 50 years, and the animals remain under constant threat from poachers.
The Giant Panda
The future of the WWF’s symbol is far from certain.As few as 1，000 remain in the wild.The Chinese government has set up 33 panda reserves to protect these beautiful animals.However，the panda’s distinct black and white patched coat fetches a high price on the black market and determined poachers still pose(造成) one of the most serious threats to the animals.
Whales
Despite the fact that one third of the world’s oceans have been declared whale sanctuaries(保护区)，7 out of 13 whale species remain endangered.Hunted for their rich supply of oil，their numbers have decreased to just 300.Collisions(碰撞) with ships，poisonous pollution and being caught in fishing nets are other major causes of whale deaths.
Tigers
The last 100 years has seen a 95% reduction in the numbers of remaining tigers to between 5，000 and 7，000 and the Bali，Javan，and Caspian tigers are already extinct.The South China tiger is precariously close to disappearing，with only 20 to 30 still alive.Like the Rhino horn，tigers’ bones and organs are sought after for traditional Chinese medicines.These items are traded illegally along with tiger skins.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了五种野生动物及其(濒临)灭绝的原因。
1．Which group of the following animals has already ceased to exist according to the text?
A．The Dodo，Rhino and Giant Panda.
B．The Rhino，Whale and South China Tiger.
C．The Rhino，Panda，Whale and Tiger.
D．The Dodo and the Bali，Javan，and Caspian tigers.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.”一句可判断Dodo是灭绝的动物之一，再根据最后一段中的“the Bali，Javan，and Caspian tigers are already extinct”一句可得出其他几种。
2.________can serve as a cure for certain diseases.
A．The whale’s rich oil
B．The panda’s black and white patched coat
C．The Rhino horn and tigers’ bones and organs
D．The Dodo’s delicious meat
C 解析：细节理解题。文章的第三段和最后一段提到“犀牛角和虎骨及器官”有很高的药用价值。
3.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．The number of South China tigers has reached crisis point.
B．Many animals are threatened with extinction as a result of human activity.
C．People hunt for the endangered animals for high profit.
D．The whale is the representing mark for the WWF.
D 解析：推理判断题。从第四段中的“The future of the WWF’s symbol is far from certain.”一句可得出“世界自然保护基金组织”的图案标志是“大熊猫”，而不是“鲸”。
4.Which of the following is mentioned in all the descriptions of those wild animals?
A．The way of their life.
B．The reason for their extinction or being in danger.
C．Why they are hunted.
D．Punishment for hunting wild animals.
B 解析：文章结构题。针对五种野生动物的介绍，内容不尽相同，有的介绍了人们为什么猎取它们；有的介绍了这些野生动物剩余的数量；有的介绍了对于猎取野生动物的惩罚手段，但有一点是相同的，即：动物灭绝或濒临灭绝的原因。
完形填空
I was the top one of my class; I knew all my teachers; and I had some really good friends. I was unstoppable and I never felt unconfident __1__ I entered a new school.
Now I am a freshman. Though I was __2__ on the first day, I knew everything would be OK. __3__， it turned out that I was wrong. By the end of the day, my __4__ changed a lot from the summer vacation. Instead of being calm and cool, I was confused and __5__. I ended up having all the symptoms(症状) of New Kid Syndrome (NKS): confusion in class, no __6__ with teachers, a lack of friendly __7__ in the hallway, and no people to talk to.
For those who __8__ NKS, there’s a way out. And you can __9__ your new life.
Know you are __10__ the only one who is new; there are other new __11__ around. Make sure you tell people you are new, and you can also ask upperclassmen(高年级学生) for help. If you are trying to __12__ new people, taking part in clubs and sports is a great way to make friends, but don’t __13__ your schoolwork.
When __14__ a new school, there will also be brand-new teachers, who can be good or bad. Be sure to be __15__ and pay attention in class. If you get bad grades at first, turn to your teacher __16__ let him/her know you are trying your hardest.
Always try to get extra help __17__ when you don’t understand something, and don’t just wait for the right __18__．
__19__ that everything will be fine. Being new isn’t as __20__ as it is on TV.Just be yourself!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆自己当新生的经历，并告诫大家：新生要学会适应新的学校生活。
1．A.until B．because
C．unless D．even
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者在原来的学校如鱼得水，他一直很自信，直到他换了新学校。
2．A.brave B．lovely
C．crazy D．nervous
D 解析：根据前文Though可知，两分句为转折关系。句意：虽然上学第一天我很紧张，但我告诉自己一切都会好起来的。
3．A.Otherwise B．Therefore
C．However D．Moreover
C 解析：根据前后语境可知，两句为转折关系。However符合语境。
4．A.aims B．feelings
C．stories D．habits
B 解析：根据后文“Instead of being calm and cool”可知，此处是说他的感受变化了很多。
5．A.tired B．busy
C．crazy D．upset
D 解析：结合前文“Instead of being calm and cool”可知，作者感到迷茫和不安。
6．A.agreement B．debate
C．connection D．quarrel
C 解析：根据前文confusion in class可知，作者课上跟不上老师的教学，和老师上课没有联系。connection符合语境。
7．A.gifts B．signals
C．comments D．greetings
D 解析：根据后文“no people to talk to”可知，作者到了新学校，没有人问候他或跟他说话。
8．A.know about B．come across
C．suffer from D．escape from
C 解析：此处是指跟作者一样患上新生综合症的那些学生。
9．A.get used to B．get close to
C．take charge of D．take care of
A 解析：根据前文“there’s a way out”可知，作者接下来会谈一些缓解新生综合症的方法，这样就可以适应新的学校生活。
10．A.never B．really
C．always D．ever
A 解析：根据语境可知，你要知道你不是唯一的新生。
11．A.teachers B．kids
C．buildings D．courses
B 解析：你的周围还有其他像你一样的新生。kids符合语境。
12．A.test B．meet
C．observe D．impress
B 解析：根据后文“taking part in clubs and sports”可知，这些都是结识新朋友的途径。meet符合语境。
13．A.hide B．cheat
C．forget D．share
C 解析：结交朋友的同时，不要忘记自己的学业。
14．A.approaching B．starting
C．attracting D．leaving
B 解析：当你到一个新学校时，就会遇到新的老师。
15．A.talkative B．honest
C．easygoing D．respectful
D 解析：要对老师保持尊重，上课要集中精力。
16．A.and B．but
C．or D．so
A 解析：根据语境可知，前后分句之间为并列关系。句意：如果成绩不乐观，要向老师寻求帮助，并且告诉老师你会尽最大努力去学。
17．A.hurriedly B．suddenly
C．immediately D．curiously
C 解析：当你遇到问题时，要及时询问老师。
18．A.keys B．rules
C．numbers D．orders
A 解析：不要总是等待正确答案。
19．A.Admit B．Doubt
C．Ensure D．Remember
D 解析：最后作者告诫我们：要记住一切都会好起来的。
20．A.interesting B．terrible
C．fresh D．worthy
B 解析：当新人并不像电视里常常演的那样糟糕。
语法填空
This is my story of friendship.About 2 years ago, I was really just a happy guy 1.____________ stress.However, one day in the fourth grade, all 2.____________(thing) changed.My best friend and I got into a big fight and didn’t talk to each other for a long time.After that, I got really depressed and had a good many suicidal 3.____________(think)．A few weeks after the fight, my first best friend, 4.____________ I met in a day-care center a year before we started school, helped me a lot.I hadn’t talked to him for a really long time, but he still took me in and 5.____________(hang) out with me and made me feel better.Another year later, I had lost almost all my self-confidence and I 6.____________(cruel) abused myself, from pulling my own hair to 7.____________(hurt) myself.At that period, I also got bullied(恐吓) a lot.And again, my best friend made me feel a lot 8.____________(good)．Since then I have made a promise 9.____________ I will never hurt myself or have suicidal thoughts again.This taught me the value of friendship and how 10.____________ (power) it can be.Without my best friend, I might not be here today.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者讲述了自己与好朋友之间的故事，总结出友谊的价值以及它所具有的力量。
1．without 解析： 考查介词。根据上文“I was really just a happy guy”可知，我没有压力。
2．things 解析： 考查名词的单复数。all后要接可数名词的复数形式。
3．thoughts 解析： 考查名词。因为修饰词为a good many，所以后接可数名词的复数形式。
4．who 解析： 考查关系代词。分析句子可知，定语从句中met后缺宾语，且先行词为my first best friend，故用who引导定语从句。
5．hung 解析： 考查时态。根据上文“but he still took me in...”可知，该句应用一般过去时。
6．cruelly 解析： 考查副词。副词修饰动词abused.
7．hurting 解析： 考查非谓语动词。from...to...中的to为介词，故用动名词。
8．better 解析： 考查形容词比较级。a lot修饰形容词的比较级。
9．that 解析： 考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，此处用that引导同位语从句，说明promise的内容。
10．powerful 解析： 考查形容词。how后接形容词。
课件55张PPT。Unit 2 The environmentUnit 2 The environmentUnit 2 The environmentUnit 2 The environmentUnit 2 The environmentUnit 2 The environment本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
阅读理解
A
Animals can move from place to place，but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines(刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grass may contain a sandy material；eating such grass wears down the animal’s teeth.
Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar(毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses.A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly(多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom(毒液)．A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了植物的一些防御外敌侵犯的方法。
1．The holly plant has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals ________．
A．are not tall enough
B．like the lower leaves only
C．are not clever enough
D．can get the lower leaves easily
D 解析：细节理解题。文章第二段介绍，冬青植物底部的叶子刺更多是一种自我保护手段，因为底部的叶子容易被动物吃掉。
2．To defend themselves, oak trees use ________．
A．chemical means B．physical means
C．bitter chemicals D．sandy materials
B 解析：细节理解题。由文章第三段可知，橡树是采取“物理”手段保护自己。
3．How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?
A．Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.
B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.
C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.
D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.
C 解析：细节理解题。文章倒数第二段介绍，当“烟草”受到毛虫袭击的时候，它会传送信息到根部，增加“尼古丁”的含量。
4．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Plants and Animals
B．How Plants Defend Themselves
C．Attacks and Defenses
D．How Animals Eat Plant Leaves
B 解析：标题归纳题。从文章介绍的“植物受到动物攻击时采取自我保护或防御手段”可得出答案。
B
A few years ago，I read about an eight-year-old girl who studied elephant poaching(偷猎) in school and made a poster for her local grocery store.The slogan read, “Save the elephants.Don’t buy Ivory Soap，or they will die out.” What the girl had done taught me a lesson.Since then，I have looked at eight-year-olds in a different way.As an environmental educator，I used to teach eight-year-olds about the harm of elephant poaching, rainforest destruction，and global warming.I had a degree in natural science—but not in child development.What did I think I was accomplishing by putting my environmental concerns on the shoulders of kids who still believe in fairy tales(童话故事)?
Kids develop the fear of nature when their primary contact with the natural world is hearing bad news about the environment.If I wanted to inspire conservation action, I needed to change my ways，but how？I came across some research by psychologist Louise Chawla.She wanted to know what had gone on in the childhoods of adults who are good environmental citizens.She found two things most common.They had free time to explore the rivers or woods down the street，and they had an adult in their lives who was enthusiastic about the natural world.I understand now that what turned me into a good person today was a childhood spent playing in the field and having a dad who knew that finding a lobster(龙虾) under a rock was better than finding treasure.
So that’s what I was doing when I was eight years old—looking under rocks，climbing trees，and picking wild flowers.I didn’t know a thing about the Clean Air Act that was being debated in congress at that time.I didn’t hear a lot of environmental problems.But I built a relationship with nature and I grew up to care.Now I treat my own kids like the child I was.My kids turn off the water when they brush their teeth and turn off the lights when they leave a room.
【解题导语】 人类赖以生存的大自然正在被严重破坏，保护环境应该从孩子抓起，帮助孩子从小建立与自然的关系。
5．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?
A．The author felt very proud of herself.
B．The author took action to save the elephants.
C．The author thought her teaching was a failure.
D．The author doubted the natural science.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的What did I think...believe in fairy tales(童话故事)？以及第二段中的I needed to change my ways可知，作者认为自己的教育方法是不可取的。
6．How do children react when learning about environmental problems?
A．They tend to ignore the problems.
B．They become scared of nature.
C．They hate to learn natural science.
D．They want to help solve the problems.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Kids develop the fear...bad news about the environment.可知，让孩子们了解了环境问题会导致他们对大自然产生恐惧。
7．The author mentions the research in order to show________．
A．how to have a happy childhood
B．what the best way to get close to nature is
C．how to change children’s bad behavior
D．what makes children care about the environment
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的She wanted to know what...environmental citizens.可知，该研究主要解释了是什么影响了孩子，让他们长大后为保护环境出一份力。
8．What is mainly discussed in the passage?
A．The harm of hunting animals.
B．The causes of environmental problems.
C．The importance of encouraging kids to protect nature.
D．The right methods of developing children’s idea of nature.
D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要阐述了教育和环境保护之间的关系，作者通过实例论述了一个道理：让孩子拥有环保思想的正确教育方式不是让他们感到害怕，而是让他们心中充满对大自然的爱。
C
Most Americans seem to have a strong desire for variety in their diets，judging by the popularity of foreign restaurants.But though many people would be willing to sample a curry(咖喱) dish from India，a real Hungarian goulash(红烩牛肉)，or even Japanese sushi(寿司)，very few would want to enjoy a kind of food that is popular in many countries：insects.
Eating insects actually is obviously reasonable.There are certainly enough of them around，and though most are too small to bother with，many grow to a respectable size or in dense groups that can be easily harvested.They are very nutritious.After all，many birds and mammals take in diets consisting of nothing but insects.And since insects contain a fair amount of salt，they are already well seasoned.Indeed，in those countries where insects are eaten，they are usually considered very delicious food.Caterpillars(毛毛虫) are a popular dish in Mexico，where they are fried and served under the name of “agave worms”；and chocolate-covered bees and ants are favorite candies in Switzerland.
It is unlikely that canned grasshoppers(蚱蜢) will become popular in America in the near future，but who knows？Perhaps in years to come people will rid themselves of their prejudice(偏见) against insects and will find themselves going out to dig for grubs as eagerly as others now go out to gather mushrooms.
9．The writer bases his opinion that most Americans long for different kinds of food on the fact that________．
A．few Americans love to eat insects
B．they can sample different kinds of foreign dishes
C．foreign restaurants are popular in the U．S.
D．they will come to like eating insects
C 解析：细节理解题。从文章首句“Most Americans seem to have a strong desire for variety in their diets，judging by the popularity of foreign restaurants.”可知。
10．Many people love eating insects because________．
A．they do not contain poison
B．they are very small
C．they live in groups
D．they contain nutrition
D 解析：细节理解题。第二段中提到了吃昆虫的各种理由。其中一条就是“They are very nutritious.”，据此可知本题答案为D。
11．The underlined word “grubs” in the last paragraph refers to________．
A．a kind of insects
B．a useful tool for catching insects
C．an expert in catching insects
D．a kind of plants that can be eaten
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据前文，我们可以知道，随着人们对昆虫的种种偏见的消除，人们会喜欢上吃昆虫，因而会像外出采蘑菇一样去寻找“昆虫”。
12．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A．American Restaurants B．Insects for Food
C．Return to Nature D．Change on Food
B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，我们可以看出，本文主要讲述的是世界上不少地方将昆虫作为食物。第二段的第一句话就是本文的主题句。
七选五
We all have negative voice inside of us that tells us to stay still and not to go to work out.1.________ Here are some steps to help you overcome and defeat the negative voice in your head.
Admit its presence. For as long as we can remember, the inner voice has always been there.2.________ Once you make yourself aware that it is there and what it does to you, then you are in a better position to deal with it correctly.
3．________ Whenever you catch the voice telling you something negative, replace it with something positive. For example, when you are supposed to go to work out, but that voice says “No, we’re comfortable here, and let’s not move”， you can replace it right away with “Yes, I can do it, and I am doing it！”
Change your vocabulary. The little negative voice didn’t come out of nowhere.4.________ What you need to do is change and remove certain words from your speech and thoughts. Replace “can’t, won’t, would, might” with clear positive actions such as I will, I can, I have, I want.
Speak out loud. A loud and clear voice is more likely to overcome an inner voice. So silence the negative voice by expressing out loud what you truly want and what’s best for you. Hearing yourself say out loud like “I am going to the gym.” or “I can finish my task.” is very inspiring. 5.________
A．Turn it into clear expressions.
B．Drown it with positive thoughts.
C．So we must accept the fact that it does exist.
D．It has been trained to put things into certain words.
E．But people need to take some measures to gain excited feelings.
F．It may even tell us that we are not good enough to do a certain task.
G．The inner negative voice simply won’t be able to compete with that.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个消除负面思维的方法。
1．F 解析：此空设于段中，与上一句形成递进关系。进一步说明负面思维还会让我们认为自己不具备完成某项任务的能力。
2．C 解析：此空设于段中，与上一句存在因果关系。说明我们必须接受负面思维的存在。
3．B 解析：此空设于段首，是本段主题句。本段后面的内容“replace it with something positive”及具体例子，都是在说我们要把消极的思想转换成积极的东西，是对该主题句的具体阐释。
4．D 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句，承上启下。负面思维不是凭空而来的，它存在于某些特定的词汇中。
5．G 解析：此空设于段尾，承接上句，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。该句中的that指的是上一句提到的洪亮而有力的话语。
B卷
阅读理解
Animal Conservation
Many animal and plant species have become extinct and many more are in critical danger.Finding ways to protect the earth’s wildlife and conserve the natural world they inhabit(居住) is now more important than ever.
The Dodo
The Dodo is a classic example of how human caused damage to the earth’s biology.The flightless Dodo was native to the Island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean.The easily controlled bird became a source of food for sailors and was attacked by animals introduced to the island by humans such as pigs, monkeys and rats.The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.
Rhinos(犀牛)
The Rhino horn is a highly prized item for Asian medicine.This has led to the animal being hunted in its natural habitat.Once widespread in Africa and Eurasia，most rhinos now live in protected natural parks and reserves.Their numbers have rapidly decreased in the last 50 years, and the animals remain under constant threat from poachers.
The Giant Panda
The future of the WWF’s symbol is far from certain.As few as 1，000 remain in the wild.The Chinese government has set up 33 panda reserves to protect these beautiful animals.However，the panda’s distinct black and white patched coat fetches a high price on the black market and determined poachers still pose(造成) one of the most serious threats to the animals.
Whales
Despite the fact that one third of the world’s oceans have been declared whale sanctuaries(保护区)，7 out of 13 whale species remain endangered.Hunted for their rich supply of oil，their numbers have decreased to just 300.Collisions(碰撞) with ships，poisonous pollution and being caught in fishing nets are other major causes of whale deaths.
Tigers
The last 100 years has seen a 95% reduction in the numbers of remaining tigers to between 5，000 and 7，000 and the Bali，Javan，and Caspian tigers are already extinct.The South China tiger is precariously close to disappearing，with only 20 to 30 still alive.Like the Rhino horn，tigers’ bones and organs are sought after for traditional Chinese medicines.These items are traded illegally along with tiger skins.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了五种野生动物及其(濒临)灭绝的原因。
1．Which group of the following animals has already ceased to exist according to the text?
A．The Dodo，Rhino and Giant Panda.
B．The Rhino，Whale and South China Tiger.
C．The Rhino，Panda，Whale and Tiger.
D．The Dodo and the Bali，Javan，and Caspian tigers.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The population of Dodos rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.”一句可判断Dodo是灭绝的动物之一，再根据最后一段中的“the Bali，Javan，and Caspian tigers are already extinct”一句可得出其他几种。
2.________can serve as a cure for certain diseases.
A．The whale’s rich oil
B．The panda’s black and white patched coat
C．The Rhino horn and tigers’ bones and organs
D．The Dodo’s delicious meat
C 解析：细节理解题。文章的第三段和最后一段提到“犀牛角和虎骨及器官”有很高的药用价值。
3.Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．The number of South China tigers has reached crisis point.
B．Many animals are threatened with extinction as a result of human activity.
C．People hunt for the endangered animals for high profit.
D．The whale is the representing mark for the WWF.
D 解析：推理判断题。从第四段中的“The future of the WWF’s symbol is far from certain.”一句可得出“世界自然保护基金组织”的图案标志是“大熊猫”，而不是“鲸”。
4.Which of the following is mentioned in all the descriptions of those wild animals?
A．The way of their life.
B．The reason for their extinction or being in danger.
C．Why they are hunted.
D．Punishment for hunting wild animals.
B 解析：文章结构题。针对五种野生动物的介绍，内容不尽相同，有的介绍了人们为什么猎取它们；有的介绍了这些野生动物剩余的数量；有的介绍了对于猎取野生动物的惩罚手段，但有一点是相同的，即：动物灭绝或濒临灭绝的原因。
完形填空
I was the top one of my class; I knew all my teachers; and I had some really good friends. I was unstoppable and I never felt unconfident __1__ I entered a new school.
Now I am a freshman. Though I was __2__ on the first day, I knew everything would be OK. __3__， it turned out that I was wrong. By the end of the day, my __4__ changed a lot from the summer vacation. Instead of being calm and cool, I was confused and __5__. I ended up having all the symptoms(症状) of New Kid Syndrome (NKS): confusion in class, no __6__ with teachers, a lack of friendly __7__ in the hallway, and no people to talk to.
For those who __8__ NKS, there’s a way out. And you can __9__ your new life.
Know you are __10__ the only one who is new; there are other new __11__ around. Make sure you tell people you are new, and you can also ask upperclassmen(高年级学生) for help. If you are trying to __12__ new people, taking part in clubs and sports is a great way to make friends, but don’t __13__ your schoolwork.
When __14__ a new school, there will also be brand-new teachers, who can be good or bad. Be sure to be __15__ and pay attention in class. If you get bad grades at first, turn to your teacher __16__ let him/her know you are trying your hardest.
Always try to get extra help __17__ when you don’t understand something, and don’t just wait for the right __18__．
__19__ that everything will be fine. Being new isn’t as __20__ as it is on TV.Just be yourself!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者回忆自己当新生的经历，并告诫大家：新生要学会适应新的学校生活。
1．A.until B．because
C．unless D．even
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者在原来的学校如鱼得水，他一直很自信，直到他换了新学校。
2．A.brave B．lovely
C．crazy D．nervous
D 解析：根据前文Though可知，两分句为转折关系。句意：虽然上学第一天我很紧张，但我告诉自己一切都会好起来的。
3．A.Otherwise B．Therefore
C．However D．Moreover
C 解析：根据前后语境可知，两句为转折关系。However符合语境。
4．A.aims B．feelings
C．stories D．habits
B 解析：根据后文“Instead of being calm and cool”可知，此处是说他的感受变化了很多。
5．A.tired B．busy
C．crazy D．upset
D 解析：结合前文“Instead of being calm and cool”可知，作者感到迷茫和不安。
6．A.agreement B．debate
C．connection D．quarrel
C 解析：根据前文confusion in class可知，作者课上跟不上老师的教学，和老师上课没有联系。connection符合语境。
7．A.gifts B．signals
C．comments D．greetings
D 解析：根据后文“no people to talk to”可知，作者到了新学校，没有人问候他或跟他说话。
8．A.know about B．come across
C．suffer from D．escape from
C 解析：此处是指跟作者一样患上新生综合症的那些学生。
9．A.get used to B．get close to
C．take charge of D．take care of
A 解析：根据前文“there’s a way out”可知，作者接下来会谈一些缓解新生综合症的方法，这样就可以适应新的学校生活。
10．A.never B．really
C．always D．ever
A 解析：根据语境可知，你要知道你不是唯一的新生。
11．A.teachers B．kids
C．buildings D．courses
B 解析：你的周围还有其他像你一样的新生。kids符合语境。
12．A.test B．meet
C．observe D．impress
B 解析：根据后文“taking part in clubs and sports”可知，这些都是结识新朋友的途径。meet符合语境。
13．A.hide B．cheat
C．forget D．share
C 解析：结交朋友的同时，不要忘记自己的学业。
14．A.approaching B．starting
C．attracting D．leaving
B 解析：当你到一个新学校时，就会遇到新的老师。
15．A.talkative B．honest
C．easygoing D．respectful
D 解析：要对老师保持尊重，上课要集中精力。
16．A.and B．but
C．or D．so
A 解析：根据语境可知，前后分句之间为并列关系。句意：如果成绩不乐观，要向老师寻求帮助，并且告诉老师你会尽最大努力去学。
17．A.hurriedly B．suddenly
C．immediately D．curiously
C 解析：当你遇到问题时，要及时询问老师。
18．A.keys B．rules
C．numbers D．orders
A 解析：不要总是等待正确答案。
19．A.Admit B．Doubt
C．Ensure D．Remember
D 解析：最后作者告诫我们：要记住一切都会好起来的。
20．A.interesting B．terrible
C．fresh D．worthy
B 解析：当新人并不像电视里常常演的那样糟糕。
语法填空
This is my story of friendship.About 2 years ago, I was really just a happy guy 1.____________ stress.However, one day in the fourth grade, all 2.____________(thing) changed.My best friend and I got into a big fight and didn’t talk to each other for a long time.After that, I got really depressed and had a good many suicidal 3.____________(think)．A few weeks after the fight, my first best friend, 4.____________ I met in a day-care center a year before we started school, helped me a lot.I hadn’t talked to him for a really long time, but he still took me in and 5.____________(hang) out with me and made me feel better.Another year later, I had lost almost all my self-confidence and I 6.____________(cruel) abused myself, from pulling my own hair to 7.____________(hurt) myself.At that period, I also got bullied(恐吓) a lot.And again, my best friend made me feel a lot 8.____________(good)．Since then I have made a promise 9.____________ I will never hurt myself or have suicidal thoughts again.This taught me the value of friendship and how 10.____________ (power) it can be.Without my best friend, I might not be here today.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。作者讲述了自己与好朋友之间的故事，总结出友谊的价值以及它所具有的力量。
1．without 解析： 考查介词。根据上文“I was really just a happy guy”可知，我没有压力。
2．things 解析： 考查名词的单复数。all后要接可数名词的复数形式。
3．thoughts 解析： 考查名词。因为修饰词为a good many，所以后接可数名词的复数形式。
4．who 解析： 考查关系代词。分析句子可知，定语从句中met后缺宾语，且先行词为my first best friend，故用who引导定语从句。
5．hung 解析： 考查时态。根据上文“but he still took me in...”可知，该句应用一般过去时。
6．cruelly 解析： 考查副词。副词修饰动词abused.
7．hurting 解析： 考查非谓语动词。from...to...中的to为介词，故用动名词。
8．better 解析： 考查形容词比较级。a lot修饰形容词的比较级。
9．that 解析： 考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，此处用that引导同位语从句，说明promise的内容。
10．powerful 解析： 考查形容词。how后接形容词。
Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & ReadingLanguage Points
debate n．& v．争辩，辩论；讨论，考虑
(教材P22)Today’s debate question is，‘The economy or the environment—must we choose？’ 今天辩论的话题是“经济还是环境——我们必须做出选择吗？”
(1)debate with sb.about/on sth. 就某事和某人辩论
(2)have a debate with sb.about sth. 与某人就某事争论
under debate 在辩论中
beyond debate 无可争辩
①We must debate about the question with the rest of the members. 我们必须和其他成员讨论这个问题。
②After a heated debate between the two candidates，the latter won the election.
两个候选人在经过一场激烈辩论后，后者赢得了选举。
③Whether he deserves what has happened to him is still under debate. 他是否罪有应得仍在讨论之中。
debate
指正式的辩论，通常在一位仲裁人的主持下，按照一定的规则进行，双方各自申述理由
argue
是指说理、论证，侧重于摆出事实，试图说服对方，也可能是激烈地交换意见，以致争吵
discuss
重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含有意说服对方的成分
④The discussion turned into a furious debate.
这场讨论变成了激烈的争论。
[巧学活用]——用debate，argue，discuss的适当形式填空
(1)They discussed how to improve the relationship between the two countries.
(2)They debated for an hour on the advantages and disadvantages of the plan.
(3)There is no good in arguing with them.
open the floor 自由发言
(教材P22)Then we will open the floor for discussion.
然后我们将展开自由讨论。
floor n． 发言权
take the floor 发言，参加讨论
get/have the floor 得到发言权
ask for the floor 征求发言权
①Let’s open the floor to the question.
现在开始对这个问题自由发言。
②The president then took_the_floor and answered the journalists’ questions.
总统随后讲话并回答了记者的提问。
③He got_the_floor at the conference.
他在会议上发言了。
responsibility n．责任，职责
(教材P23)They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.
他们会想到那些逃避责任并且只想着赚钱的贪婪的商人。
(1)a sense of responsibility 责任感
responsibility to/towards 对……的职责
(2)responsible adj. 负有责任的
be responsible for 对……负责；
是……的原因
be responsible to sb. 对某人负责
①If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of greater and less importance.
如果你觉得工作中由于责任而产生了压力，你应该退一步，辨别哪些事情更重要，哪些事情不是很重要。
②As a responsible(responsibility) teacher，he can’t have any of his students cheating in the exam.
作为一位有责任心的老师，他不能容忍任何学生在考试中作弊。
③The father of a family should have more sense of responsibility.
一家之父应有更多的责任感。
[巧学活用]——用responsibility的相关词语填空
(1)We’ll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions.
(2)Nowadays everyone is responsible for building up a harmonious society in China.
belief n．信念，相信
(教材P23)People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment，but this does not have to be true.
人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这未必是正确的。
(1)beyond belief 难以置信的；不可思议的
in the belief that... 相信……
have belief in sth./sb. 对某事物/某人有信心
It’s my belief that... 我相信……
(2)believe v. 信任，相信
believe in 信任
believe it or not 信不信由你
①My father hadn’t much belief in doctors of traditional Chinese medicine.
我父亲不太相信中医。
②We are very proud of ourselves and believe(belief) we can do more for a better world. 我们为自己感到骄傲，相信我们可以为一个更美好的世界做更多的事情。
③I believe in you，so I believe what you said.
我信任你，因此我相信你说的话。
④It’s so nice to hear from her again.Believe it or not, we last met more than three years ago.
非常高兴又收到她的信。信不信由你，我们已经3年多没见面了。
[巧学活用]——用belief的相关词语填空
(1)I believe that if you have belief in your ability you will certainly achieve your dream.
(2)He called at her house in the belief that she would lend him the money.
operate vt.& vi.经营，管理；实施；运转；动手术；
操作；起作用
(教材P23)The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.
这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中operate的含义
(1)People were trapped between floors because the lift didn’t operate properly. 运转
(2)Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face. 操作
(3)If the doctor had operated on him earlier，he wouldn’t have died. 动手术
(4)The medicine will operate in ten minutes. 起作用
(1)operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术
(2)operation n. 手术；运转；实施
perform an operation on sb. 为某人做手术
come into operation 开始运转；实施起来
put...into operation 使运转；使实施
in operation 工作中；实施中
①We will have to perform an operation on his eyes.
我们得给他的眼睛动手术。
②The doctors decided to operate on her immediately.
医生决定马上给她动手术。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
这个伤员被送到医院后立刻动了手术。
(1)The injured was_operated_on immediately after he was sent to the hospital.(operate )
(2)An_operation_was_performed_on the injured immediately after he was sent to the hospital.(operation )
cut back on 减少，削减(与cut down on 含义相同)
(教材P23)Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment.
林女士建议我们应该削减生产量来拯救环境。
cut across 抄近路穿过；径直穿过
cut away 切掉；剪掉
cut down 砍倒；杀死；削减；缩短
cut in 插嘴；突然插入；超车
cut off 切掉；割掉；分离；
隔离(常跟from)；中断 (供给)
cut out 切掉；删掉；剪下；裁剪
cut short 使某事缩短；中断
cut through 切穿；凿穿；穿过，抄近路
cut up 切碎；使丧气；使痛心
①The company had to cut back on expenditure in order to repay its debt.
这个公司只好削减开支以偿还债务。
②The gardener cut off a branch from the tree.
园丁从树上砍下一根树枝。
③She kept cutting in on our conversation.
我们谈话时她老是插嘴。
④The community college has to cut down on staff to save money. 为了省钱，那所社区学院只好裁员。
[巧学活用]——用cut的相关短语填空
(1)We are going to cut_through the mountain to build a free way here.
(2)She cut_up the cake and gave each of us a piece.
(3)The flood cut the villagers off from the rest of the world.
(4)You’d better cut the article down to about 2，000 words.
(5)Don’t try to cut_in while others are talking.
(6)In order not to be late，she cut_across/through the fields.
quantity n. 量；数量
(教材P23)Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment. 林女士建议我们应该削减生产量来拯救环境。
(1)常见搭配：
in large quantities＝in quantity 大量地；很多
a large/great/huge quantity of＝large/huge quantities of 许多的；大量的
(2)a large/great/huge quantity of和quantities of在句中作定语时，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。
“a...quantity of＋可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
“quantities of＋可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
①A large quantity of money has been collected to help those suffering from the floods.
大量的善款被募集来帮助那些遭受洪灾的人们。
②Quantities of water in the lake were(be) polluted by the factory producing kinds of cloth.
那个湖里大量的水被制造各种布匹的工厂污染了。
③Large quantities of information as well as some timely help have been offered since the organization was built.
自从这个组织成立以来它提供了大量信息和及时援助。
[巧学活用]——高考小作文
(四川卷)在考前，我花了大量的时间做准备。 否则，我不会成功地通过考试。
Before the exam，I spent a_large_quantity_of_time in preparing for it.Otherwise，I wouldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam.
use up 用完，耗尽；筋疲力尽
(教材P25)The number of people in the world keeps growing，and we are producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials. 世界人口在持续增长，我们在制造着更多的垃圾并用了更多的原材料。
come into use 开始使用
make good/full use of 充分地利用
(be) of use 有用
in use 在使用中
out of use 不再使用
put into use 投入使用
It’s no use doing sth. 做……是没有用的
①We will use up our gas tomorrow.
我们明天就将把汽油用完了。
②When a new product comes into being，it must be tested out before it is put into use.
当有新产品问世时，在投入使用之前一定要进行检验。
③I think you’ll find this book of use (to you)．
我想你会觉得这书(对你)有用。
④It’s no use complaining(complain) without taking any action.
一味地抱怨而不采取行动是没有用的。
⑤Seriously damaged，the bridge is out of use.
因受到严重损害，这座桥不能再使用了。
[巧学活用]——单句改错
(1)Since completely damaged，the bike is no longer for use.
for改为in或of
(2)Finally I want to express my hope that all the younger fellows can make full useful of time.
useful改为use
run out 用完，耗尽(常与of 连用)
(教材P25)What if they run out?
要是它们用完了怎么办？
run after 追逐
run for 竞选
run into 偶然遇到
run over 跑过去，碾过去
run short 快用完，将耗尽
run out，run out of，use up和give out这四个短语都有“用尽，耗尽”之意
run out
是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态(一般指时间、金钱、食物等用完)，通常以物作主语，意思是“被用完，被耗尽”
run out of
是及物动词短语，常以人作主语，意为“用完，耗尽”
use up
是及物动词短语，意为“用完，耗尽”，其后可接表物的名词作宾语，且此短语可用于被动语态
give out
表“用完，耗尽”之意时，为不及物动词短语(一般指食品、耐心、精力等耗尽)
①They had to stop halfway because they had run out of/used up the oil.
他们不得不半道停下来，因为他们的燃油用完了。
②We thought it would be best to go home before our money ran_out/was_used_up.
我们认为趁我们的钱还没花完最好回家。
③Many hospitals are running out of money.
许多医院都快没有资金了。
④His strength gave_out after he ran that long distance.
跑完这么长一段距离，他已精疲力竭。
run out(协议，文件等)失效，过期
⑤My contract runs out in September.
我的合同九月份期满。
[基础练习]——单句改错
(1)(上海卷)So much of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run out time before seeing it all. 在out后加of
(2)All the money I had had been run out by the time I arrived home. 去掉been
[能力提升]——一句多译
我的钱已花完了，因而我买不起这本书。
(3)My money has_run_out/has_been_run_out_of/has_given_out/has_been_used_up，so I can’t afford to buy this book.
(4)I have_run_out_of/used_up my money, so I can’t afford to buy this book.
(教材P22)With me are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant. 和我在一起的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展顾问钱利伟先生。
这个句子是倒装句，句子将表语(介词短语with me)和be动词提到了句首，是完全倒装，正常语序应为“Ms Lin Shuiqing...and Mr Qian Liwei...are with me”。该句的主语是联合主语，即Ms Lin Shuiqing和Mr Qian Liwei，它们后面分别都带有一个短语所构成的非限制性定语。
(1)为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。
(2)there be句型中(be可换成live，lie等表示状态的动词)，要用完全倒装。
(3)地点副词away，down，in，off，out，over，round，up等位于句首，且主语是名词时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常是表示动态的不及物动词。
注意：若主语为人称代词，只把副词放在句首，主谓不倒装。
(4)有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。
(5)表语置于句首的倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。
(6)地点副词在句首的倒装句中，谓语动词多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
①In came a girl, wearing a white skirt with two long pigtails. 进来一个小姑娘， 留着两个长辫子， 穿着白色裙子。
②On the top of the hill stands_a_temple．
山顶上有座寺庙。
③John opened the door.There stood(stand) a girl he had never seen before.
约翰打开门，一个他从来没见过的女孩站在那儿。
④Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled(flee) the thief. 听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。
(教材P22) The world’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.
与1800年相比，世界人口的数量已增长了六倍。
(1)by six times what it was in 1800，意为“比1800年(增长了)六倍”，what it was in 1800是what引导的名词性从句，意为“1800年时的情况(数量)”；six times相当于形容词，修饰名词性从句what it was in 1800。
(2)英语中常见的倍数表达法有：
A＋ be＋倍数＋as ＋ adj./adv.原级＋as＋B
A＋ be＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B
A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)of＋B
A＋be＋倍数＋what从句，表示“A是……的多少倍”
①The new stadium being built for the 2022 Beijing & Zhangjiakou Winter Olympics will be several times as big as the present one. 为迎接2022年北京－张家口冬季奥运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的好几倍。
②Their army is about half_the_scale_of ours.
他们军队的规模只有我们军队的一半左右。
③The price of the meat is twice what it was last year.
肉价是去年的两倍。
表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”。有时我们也用分数、百分数、half等代替倍数。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
(1)This tree is three times as_tall_as that one.
(2)This tree is three times the_height_of that one.
(教材P23) However，I do agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled... 然而，我的确非常赞同我们应该用可循环利用的材料生产出更多东西……
助动词do 用来强调agree这个谓语动词。助动词“do/does/did＋动词原形”用在肯定句及祈使句中表示强调。对谓语动词强调的时候只能用一般现在时和一般过去时。
①Do write to your parents when you get there.
到那儿一定要给你的父母写信。
②He does_know the place well.
他的确非常熟悉这个地方。
③We did_witness a UFO when climbing the mountains.
我们爬山的时候，真的看见了一个不明飞行物。
(教材P25)What if they run out?
如果它们用完了怎么办？
(1)what if为连词词组，表示“如果……怎么办”或“即使……又有什么关系”，位于句首，引导条件句。句中可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。what if 可看成是what would sb.do if...，what would happen if...或what does it matter if...的省略。
(2)与what相关的常用短语句型有：
What about...？ ……怎么样？
Guess what! 猜猜发生了什么事！
What(...) for? 为什么？(某物)有何用？
(and) what’s more 而且，更有甚者
So what? 那又怎么样？
What of it? 那又有什么关系？
Now what？/What now? 下一步会怎样？下一步怎么办？
What though...? 即使……又有什么关系？
①What if it rains when we can’t get under shelter?
假若下起雨来，我们又没处避雨怎么办？
②What’s_more，good books can help us to develop good characters.
此外，好书能够帮助我们培养好的性格。
③What if he gets angry？ 如果他生气该怎么办？
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)那个提议听起来很诱人，但如果是个骗局怎么办？
It sounds like a good offer，but what_if it’s a trick?
(2)如果他不同意该怎么办呢？
What_if he doesn’t agree?
品句填词
1．It’s the glorious____________(职责) for every soldier to defend our country against enemies.
答案：duty
2．They are broadening the bridge to speed up the____________(流动) of traffic.
答案：flow
3．From mother’s love，patience and understanding，I have learned what a huge____________(责任) it is to raise a child.
答案：responsibility
4．I think so，she is____________(愿意) to play against any tough players.
答案：willing
5．Your work has improved in____________(数量) and quality this term.
答案：quantity
单句改错
1．As these new products are not selling well，the members of the board have decided to cut back for production.____________________
答案：for→on
2．As his first novel was published，he was seen to one of the most outstanding writers of his generation.____________________
答案：to→as
3．Every day large quantities of waste water is poured into rivers without being cleaned.____________________
答案：is→are
4．It remains to be seen whether operation was successful or not.____________________
答案：operation前加the
5．I believe in his words because of his constant honesty.____________________
答案：去掉in
完成句子
1．这张桌子是那张的3倍大。
This table is three times as ________________________．
答案：big as that one
2．他工作的确努力，并且能及时完成任务。
He __________________hard，and can finish the job in time.
答案：does work
3．许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。
________________________some scientists from China.
答案：Present at the meeting were
4．我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。
__________________the days when we were poor.
答案：Gone are
5．如果我们遇到我们当中没有人能够处理的情况怎么办？
______________we meet with a situation that none of us are able to deal with?
答案：What if
课文语法填空
People are having a debate 1.____________ whether 2.____________(develop) the economy or protect the environment.3.____________ Lin Shuiqing’s opinion，it is our duty to cut back on production and reduce the 4.____________(quantity) of things we make and buy.5.____________Qian Liwei thinks that many businessmen are not 6.____________(greed) and they don’t hide their responsibilities，either.As far as he 7.____________(concern)，the people 8.____________(operate) these factories are deeply concerned about the environment，and we 9.____________ give them more credit.In fact，many people are willing to pay a little 10.____________(high) price for things that are friendly to the environment.
答案：1.about/on 2.to develop 3.In 4.quantities
5．While 6.greedy 7.is concerned 8.operating
9．should 10.higher
A卷
单句语法填空
1．The students also set up ____________(debate) teams.
答案：debating
2．Unfortunately，we rushed the fallen old man to hospital，only to be told that we were ____________ (responsibility) for him.
答案：responsible
3．Many students ____________ (belief) that the choice of their courses and universities should be based on their own interest.
答案：believe
4．In order to meet the market competition，modes of business ____________(operate) have undergone rapid change.
答案：operation
5．Buyers consider it too risky to buy large ____________(quantity) of products at present because the market is uncertain.
答案：quantities
6．Those air conditioners are our best-selling ____________ (production) because they are easy to handle and work with little noise.
答案：products
7．The ____________ (recycle) water is used to water plants.
答案：recycled
8．If we let this situation go as it is，our ____________ (environmental) will suffer a great destruction.
答案：environment
9．He is too willing ____________ (help) those in poverty.
答案：to help
10．There is no need to rush and it’s no use ____________(arrive) there too early.
答案：arriving
阅读理解
Protecting animals that are in danger is not a big priority for young people, according to a recent survey.
Compiled(汇编) by the aircraft maker Airbus，the survey was announced at London Zoo on 16 May, a week ahead of the UN’s International Day of Biodiversity(生物多样性) on 22 May.
Forty percent of the 10，000 5 to 18-year-olds who participated ranked watching TV or playing computer games higher than saving the environment.
School reporters from Mayfield School and College in Barking, London, commented on the possible future effect of the survey’s results.
Fardus，16，said，“I do care about animals becoming extinct, as each animal is involved in a circle of life.Without each animal the world would lose its fun_ction.”He added，“We are the future generation and we need to live on the resources that animals give us.”
Sophie, 16, said，“Animals are basically like us.They’ve got to live.They’ve got to eat.And it’s important to look after them as well as they look after us.” She believed one reason for young children’s lack of awareness(意识) was their addiction to computer games and other electrical products.
Naila, 16, said，“No matter how big or small they are, animals play a really important part for the earth.”She added，“If all the animals are extinct, the future generation of children won’t have anything left, and it will be the adults’ fault because they’re not thinking about the children’s future.”
“You can’t blame young people for not caring，”she said，“Because the generation that are already here are teaching us not to care by hurting animals and causing environmental damage.”
【解题导语】 英国一项针对青少年进行的调查显示，大部分青少年对于野生动物保护还不够重视，这种意识还有待加强。
1．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Young People Pay Less Attention to Protecting Animals
B．Young People Spend Much Time on TV and Computers
C．Wild Animals Are in Great Danger
D．Wild Animals Are Part of the Earth
A 解析：标题归纳题。本文是一篇新闻报道，它主要告诉读者一项调查的结果，并希望引起读者的反思，这项针对青少年的调查表明，现在青少年对环境问题以及野生动物的保护关心不够。
2．What does the underlined word “priority” in Para.1 most probably mean?
A．Something useful.
B．Something popular.
C．Something important.
D．Something interesting.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据下文可知，当今青少年对于保护动物这件事情不够重视，因此判断这里的priority一词意为“优先之事，重要之事”。
3．What do we learn about the survey?
A．It was aimed at teenagers.
B．It was conducted by London Zoo.
C．It was announced on May 22nd.
D．Half of the participants were from middle schools.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“...10，000 5 to 18-year-olds who participated...”可知这项调查是针对青少年进行的，故A项正确。该调查的结果是在5月22日(国际生物多样性日)之前在伦敦动物园发布的，但并不是伦敦动物园发起的，因此B、C两项错误，D项无依据。
4．According to Sophie, one reason that young people aren’t aware enough of protecting animals is that ________．
A．they don’t like animals at all
B．they pay more attention to electrical products
C．they are affected by people who hurt animals
D．they aren’t taught to protect animals at school
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段最后一句话可知，Sophie认为青少年缺乏保护动物意识的一个原因是“他们沉溺于电脑游戏和其他电子产品”，因此B项正确。
完形填空
To celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant.We __1__ hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter.When our __2__ came，I started walking towards an empty table.By bad luck, my purse strap(带子) got __3__ on a chair and the tray(托盘) that I was holding slipped __4__ my hands and went flying in the air.The tray, and its contents，__5__ on a man who was just about to __6__ a bite of his sandwich.I stared, greatly __7__， as the drinks soaked(浸湿) his white shirt.Then I __8__ my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of __9__．Instead, he said“It’s OK.”to __10__ me before he disappeared into washroom.Still shaky and unsure __11__ to do next，my friends and I went to a table and sat there, trying our best to look __12__．A moment later, the man came out of the washroom and __13__ our table.My heart almost stopped __14__．I thought he was going to ask for my father’ s __15__ and call him.To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said，“__16__ yourselves new hamburgers.”He then walked __17__ without even finishing his food.He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation worse，__18__ he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still __19__ in this world.I’ll never __20__ his actions.
【解题导语】 作者讲述了自己在快餐店吃饭时发生的一件难忘的事：作者的汉堡和可乐洒了，弄脏了别人的衣服，不但没有被责骂，对方反而给作者钱让他再买一份。
1．A.arranged B．made
C．ordered D．demanded
C 解析：A.arranged安排；B.made制作；C.ordered点餐；D.demanded要求。根据首句可知地点环境是restaurant，所以排除arranged和demanded。再看此句动作发出者是we，动作承受者是汉堡包和可乐，所以作为顾客只能是点餐，故选C。
2．A.food B．turn
C．bill D．menu
A 解析：A.food食物；B.turn轮流，变化；C.bill 账单；D.menu菜单。根据上一句点餐之后，自然是指“我”们所点的食物来了，故选A。
3．A.fixed B．cut
C．caught D．tied
C 解析：A.fixed固定；B.cut切割；C.caught卡住；D.tied 系。“我”钱包上的带子卡在了椅子上，get caught 被卡住，故选C。
4．A.by B．from
C．out D．in
B 解析：A.by被；B.from从；C.out离开；D.in在……内。下一句中说in the air，说明此时盘子已经“脱手”了，“from my hand”表示托盘从“我”手中飞了出去，故选B。
5．A.stood B．knocked
C．fell D．hung
C 解析：A.stood站；B.knocked撞；C.fell跌倒，落；D.hung悬挂。托盘从手中滑落，盘子里的东西洒在了一位男士身上，故选C。
6．A.taste B．chew
C．swallow D．take
D 解析：A.taste品尝；B.chew咀嚼；C.swallow吞咽；D.take拿；那位男士正准备咬一口他的三明治， take a bite 咬一口，故选D。
7．A.discouraged B．disappointed
C．shocked D．annoyed
C 解析：A.discouraged泄气；B.disappointed失望；C.shocked震惊；D.annoyed 使烦恼。作者将食物泼洒在男士身上后感到很是震惊，故选C。
8．A.closed B．rubbed
C．narrowed D．rolled
A 解析：A.closed关闭；B.rubbed擦；C.narrowed变窄；D.rolled滚；作者很害怕地闭上了眼睛，故选A。
9．A.bitterness B．anxiety
C．anger D．sorrow
C 解析：A.bitterness苦；B.anxiety渴望；C.anger 生气；D.sorrow悲伤。作者闭上了眼睛的同时准备承受那位男士的愤怒，故选C。
10．A.satisfy B．comfort
C．encourage D．praise
B 解析：A.satisfy使满意；B.comfort安慰；C.encourage鼓励；D.praise表扬。根据Instead, he said “It’s OK.”，说明是为了安慰作者，故选B。
11．A.what B．who
C．how D．which
A 解析：A.what什么；B.who谁；C.how怎样；D.which哪一个。作者不知道接下来做什么，所以用what，故选A。
12．A.mild B．modest
C．calm D．honest
C 解析：A.mild温和的；B.modest谦虚的；C.calm镇静的；D.honest诚实的；“我”和朋友们尽力镇定下来，故选C。
13．A.pushed B．approached
C．drew D．laid
B 解析：A.pushed推；B.approached靠近；C.drew画；D.laid放；那位男士从洗手间出来直接朝我们走过来，故选B。
14．A.breaking B．trembling
C．sinking D．beating
D 解析：A.breaking破坏；B.trembling抖动；C.sinking下沉；D.beating跳动。 当那位男士朝我们走来时我的心几乎都停止跳动了，故选D。
15．A.help B．position
C．number D．job
C 解析：A.help帮助；B.position位置；C.number 数字，号码；D.job工作。作者以为那位男士会要自己父亲的电话号码并给父亲打电话。call提示前面应该是电话号码，故选C。
16．A.Prepare B．Buy
C．Find D．Cook
B 解析：A.Prepare准备；B.Buy买；C.Find发现；D.Cook做饭；结果那位男士给了“我”一些钱，还说：“再给自己买新的汉堡吧”。根据语境可知，选B。
17．A.on B．around
C．up D．off
D 解析：A.on继续；B.around周围；C.up向上；D.off离开。那个男士随后走开了，故选D。
18．A.so B．but
C．although D．since
B 解析：A.so因此；B.but但是；C.although虽然；D.since 自从。空格前的意思是：那位男士本可能会使事情更糟糕， 空后却是：他选择了不同的处理方式，故前后句子是转折关系用but，故选B。
19．A.kindness B．happiness
C．politeness D．brightness
A 解析：A.kindness善良；B.happiness快乐；C.politeness礼貌；D.brightness聪明。根据上文故事的描述可知，展现在眼前的是一位和蔼大度的人，故选A。
20．A.ignore B．refuse
C．oppose D．forget
D 解析：A.ignore忽视；B.refuse拒绝；C.oppose 反对；D.forget忘记。本句是文章的结尾句，最后表达的是永远不会忘记这位男士的举止行为。结合空格之前说的never可知选D。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Every year, about 75，000 Great White Pelicans fly away from Eastern Europe’s cold winter to East Africa, where they spend the summer. It’s a long journey and the main stop is in Israel.
The Great White Pelican is a huge bird. It’s the largest bird in the world to make such a long journey. Its diet is mainly fish and it eats about 1.4 kilos each day.
The pelicans love to gather in large numbers. Until recent years, there were plenty of water supplies(供给) in Israel. Frequently, the pelicans arrive in Israel tired. They cannot continue their long journey until they have rested. However, for a variety of reasons, these water supplies have dried up and the pelicans have had to find other food sources.
Fish farming has become big business in Israel. As you may imagine, a fish farm is something pelicans could usually only dream of! In the summer months when the Great White Pelicans passed through, Israel’s fish farmers began to lose tons of fish. Some farms were even forced to close their business. Something had to be done.
The Israel Ministry of Agriculture considered the problem carefully. How could it stop 75，000 huge pelicans from arriving in Israel? It decided this was not possible. It chose a place with a plentiful supply of water, and provided money for local farmers to buy food, which they fed to the pelicans. The pelicans soon understood this and now arrive at the place to feed and rest. They no longer have to rely on the fish farms for food.
It’s a solution that seems to have worked. At one point, it looked as if the Ministry would stop the money. One criticism(批评) was that with so much food, the pelicans would never leave and would become even more expensive. However, there was such outcry from environmentalists and farmers that the money remains.
Perhaps their large numbers in Israel will attract birdwatchers from all over the world to visit the amazing sight, and tourism can bring new income to the country.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。每年白鹈鹕大军都迁徙到非洲过冬，而以色列是中途重要休息的地方。然而，成千上万的白鹈鹕为以色列的农民带来了不少的烦恼。
1．What can we learn about Great White Pelicans?
A．They are loners.
B．They winter in Israel.
C．They are good at long-distance flying.
D．They reduce their intake during their journey.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“It’s a long journey and the main stop is in Israel.”以及第二段中的“It’s the largest bird in the world to make such a long journey.”可知，白鹈鹕擅长长距离飞行。
2．What problem did the fish farmers face?
A．The pelicans damaged the local environment.
B．Their farms were closed by the government.
C．The water supplies were not enough.
D．They suffered a heavy loss of fish.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“Israel’s fish farmers began to lose tons of fish”可知，每年当地农民因为白鹈鹕的到来都会损失数吨的鱼。
3．What measures did the government take?
A．They prevented the pelicans stopping in Israel.
B．They encouraged farmers to develop tourism.
C．They gave farmers money to farm more fish.
D．They found a new place for the pelicans.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的“It chose a place with a plentiful supply of water, and provided money for local farmers to buy food, which they fed to the pelicans.”可知，政府为白鹈鹕重新选择了一处食物供应充足的地方。
4．What is the author’s attitude to the pelicans in Israel?
A．Optimistic. B．Unclear.
C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned.
A 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段“Perhaps their large numbers in Israel will attract birdwatchers from all over the world to visit the amazing sight, and tourism can bring new income to the country.”可知，作者认为以色列境内的白鹈鹕可能为发展旅游业、增加人们的收入注入新的活力。由此可知，他对以色列白鹈鹕这一问题持乐观的态度。
B
Debates over the benefits of recycling started in 1996 when a writer called John Tierney said “recycling is garbage”. According to him, “Recycling programs offer mainly short-term benefits to a few related groups while diverting(转移) money from real social and environmental problems. It doubles energy consumption and pollution while costing taxpayers more money than dealing with old garbage. Recycling may be the most wasteful activity in modern America.”
Environmental groups were quick to respond to Tierney by issuing reports detailing the benefits of recycling and showing how municipal(市政的) recycling programs reduce pollution and the use of resources while decreasing the amount of garbage and the need for landfill space—all for less, not more, than the cost of regular garbage collection and disposal(处置)．
But in 2002, New York City, an early municipal recycling pioneer, found that its much-praised recycling program was losing money, so it eliminated glass and plastic recycling. According to the Mayor, the benefits of recycling plastic and glass were outweighed(大于) by the price—recycling cost twice as much as disposal. Meanwhile, low demand for the materials meant that much of it was ending up in landfills anyway. NYC closed its last landfill and brought in a more efficient system, with more famous service providers than it had used previously.
The lessons learned by New York are applicable everywhere. Some early recycling programs waste resources and lead to new trash. But the situation has improved as cities have gained experience. If managed correctly, recycling programs should cost cities and taxpayers less than garbage disposal for any given amount of material. Even though the benefits of recycling over disposal are various, individuals should keep in mind that it better serves the environment to reduce and reuse materials before recycling even becomes an option.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了垃圾回收是否弊大于利。
5．John Tierney thought that recycling ________．
A．is a waste of money
B．leads to a lack of employers
C．is beneficial to the environment
D．will become popular in the future
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Recycling programs...diverting(转移) money from real social and environmental problems...costing taxpayers more money than dealing with old garbage.”可知，John Tierney认为回收是浪费资金的行为。
6．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “eliminated” in Paragraph 3?
A．Required. B．Forgot.
C．Encouraged. D．Cancelled.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“its much-praised recycling program was losing money”及“the benefits of recycling plastic and glass...cost twice as much as disposal”可知，纽约市的塑料和玻璃回收项目处于亏损状态，由此可推断该市取消了这些回收项目。
7．What does the last paragraph imply?
A．We should make recycling an option.
B．Public recycling programs are in a bad situation.
C．We should develop the awareness of resource saving.
D．Cost-saving should be considered first in recycling work.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“it better serves the environment to reduce and reuse materials before recycling even becomes an option”可知，作者认为，回收可能会变成一种选择，但我们应当有减少浪费和循环使用资源的环保意识。
8．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．The Harm of Recycling
B．Is Recycling Really Beneficial?
C．The Recycling Work in New York City
D．Is Environmental Protection Making Progress?
B 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要根据一个争论引出了关于垃圾回收是否有益的探讨。
七选五
The food chain is the order in which animals and plants eat each other in order to survive. 1.________ Every ecosystem has a different food chain, depending on which animals and plants live there.
The lowest part of the food chain is the plants. They are called producers because they produce their own food using the sunlight’s energy. This process is called photosynthesis(光合作用). Animals are the consumers of the food chain. 2.________
Some animals only eat plants. 3.________ And some animals, like wolves, foxes or lions, feed on other animals. Each food chain has a predator(捕食者), the strongest animal that is not eaten by others. Hawks or polar bears are such predators that control their habitats.
Many creatures belong to more than one food chain. 4.________ Food chains that are connected to each other are called food webs. When an animal dies, it is eaten up by bacteria and other organisms. They break down animals and plants into small parts and enrich soil so that other plants can grow better.
5．________ For example, if there are too many zebras in a tropical habitat, many of them will die because they cannot get enough food to feed on. This also means that there is less food for predators, like lions, to eat. And when there are fewer lions, the zebras’ population will grow again.
A．They eat other plants and animals.
B．Every living thing needs courage to live and grow.
C．Among this group of animals are rabbits, mice and cows.
D．Every living creature needs to eat other creatures below it.
E．Grass, for example, is eaten by many other animals as well as insects.
F．The balance of plants and animals within a food chain is determined by nature.
G．Some producers that provide energy for animals are grass, trees, vegetables, and fruits.
答案：1－5.DACEF
短文改错
Last year during the National Day holiday，my father took my little sister and I out for a pleasantly drive.My father pulled up by a riverside and encourage us to go and catch some crabs(螃蟹)．My sister and I took out our shoes and socks，walk into the shallow water.We had many tries at catch a crab，but we were out of the luck.We felt so discouraging that we decided give up.Just as we were walking towards the bank，I felt something struggling under one of my feet.“It feels like a crab，”I whispered in my sister’s ears.Then I bent down slowly and caught hold of them.Our effort did finally prove fruitful.
答案：
Last year during the National Day holiday，my father took my little sister and I out for a drive.My father pulled up by a riverside and us to go and catch some crabs(螃蟹)．My sister and I took our shoes and socks， into the shallow water.We had many tries a crab，but we were out of luck.We felt so that we decided give up.Just as we were walking towards the bank，I felt something struggling under one of my feet.“It feels like a crab，”I whispered in my sister’s .Then I bent down slowly and caught hold of .Our effort did finally prove fruitful.
课件59张PPT。Unit 2 The environment本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．It’s the glorious____________(职责) for every soldier to defend our country against enemies.
答案：duty
2．They are broadening the bridge to speed up the____________(流动) of traffic.
答案：flow
3．From mother’s love，patience and understanding，I have learned what a huge____________(责任) it is to raise a child.
答案：responsibility
4．I think so，she is____________(愿意) to play against any tough players.
答案：willing
5．Your work has improved in____________(数量) and quality this term.
答案：quantity
单句改错
1．As these new products are not selling well，the members of the board have decided to cut back for production.____________________
答案：for→on
2．As his first novel was published，he was seen to one of the most outstanding writers of his generation.____________________
答案：to→as
3．Every day large quantities of waste water is poured into rivers without being cleaned.____________________
答案：is→are
4．It remains to be seen whether operation was successful or not.____________________
答案：operation前加the
5．I believe in his words because of his constant honesty.____________________
答案：去掉in
完成句子
1．这张桌子是那张的3倍大。
This table is three times as ________________________．
答案：big as that one
2．他工作的确努力，并且能及时完成任务。
He __________________hard，and can finish the job in time.
答案：does work
3．许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。
________________________some scientists from China.
答案：Present at the meeting were
4．我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。
__________________the days when we were poor.
答案：Gone are
5．如果我们遇到我们当中没有人能够处理的情况怎么办？
______________we meet with a situation that none of us are able to deal with?
答案：What if
课文语法填空
People are having a debate 1.____________ whether 2.____________(develop) the economy or protect the environment.3.____________ Lin Shuiqing’s opinion，it is our duty to cut back on production and reduce the 4.____________(quantity) of things we make and buy.5.____________Qian Liwei thinks that many businessmen are not 6.____________(greed) and they don’t hide their responsibilities，either.As far as he 7.____________(concern)，the people 8.____________(operate) these factories are deeply concerned about the environment，and we 9.____________ give them more credit.In fact，many people are willing to pay a little 10.____________(high) price for things that are friendly to the environment.
答案：1.about/on 2.to develop 3.In 4.quantities
5．While 6.greedy 7.is concerned 8.operating
9．should 10.higher
A卷
单句语法填空
1．The students also set up ____________(debate) teams.
答案：debating
2．Unfortunately，we rushed the fallen old man to hospital，only to be told that we were ____________ (responsibility) for him.
答案：responsible
3．Many students ____________ (belief) that the choice of their courses and universities should be based on their own interest.
答案：believe
4．In order to meet the market competition，modes of business ____________(operate) have undergone rapid change.
答案：operation
5．Buyers consider it too risky to buy large ____________(quantity) of products at present because the market is uncertain.
答案：quantities
6．Those air conditioners are our best-selling ____________ (production) because they are easy to handle and work with little noise.
答案：products
7．The ____________ (recycle) water is used to water plants.
答案：recycled
8．If we let this situation go as it is，our ____________ (environmental) will suffer a great destruction.
答案：environment
9．He is too willing ____________ (help) those in poverty.
答案：to help
10．There is no need to rush and it’s no use ____________(arrive) there too early.
答案：arriving
阅读理解
Protecting animals that are in danger is not a big priority for young people, according to a recent survey.
Compiled(汇编) by the aircraft maker Airbus，the survey was announced at London Zoo on 16 May, a week ahead of the UN’s International Day of Biodiversity(生物多样性) on 22 May.
Forty percent of the 10，000 5 to 18-year-olds who participated ranked watching TV or playing computer games higher than saving the environment.
School reporters from Mayfield School and College in Barking, London, commented on the possible future effect of the survey’s results.
Fardus，16，said，“I do care about animals becoming extinct, as each animal is involved in a circle of life.Without each animal the world would lose its fun_ction.”He added，“We are the future generation and we need to live on the resources that animals give us.”
Sophie, 16, said，“Animals are basically like us.They’ve got to live.They’ve got to eat.And it’s important to look after them as well as they look after us.” She believed one reason for young children’s lack of awareness(意识) was their addiction to computer games and other electrical products.
Naila, 16, said，“No matter how big or small they are, animals play a really important part for the earth.”She added，“If all the animals are extinct, the future generation of children won’t have anything left, and it will be the adults’ fault because they’re not thinking about the children’s future.”
“You can’t blame young people for not caring，”she said，“Because the generation that are already here are teaching us not to care by hurting animals and causing environmental damage.”
【解题导语】 英国一项针对青少年进行的调查显示，大部分青少年对于野生动物保护还不够重视，这种意识还有待加强。
1．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Young People Pay Less Attention to Protecting Animals
B．Young People Spend Much Time on TV and Computers
C．Wild Animals Are in Great Danger
D．Wild Animals Are Part of the Earth
A 解析：标题归纳题。本文是一篇新闻报道，它主要告诉读者一项调查的结果，并希望引起读者的反思，这项针对青少年的调查表明，现在青少年对环境问题以及野生动物的保护关心不够。
2．What does the underlined word “priority” in Para.1 most probably mean?
A．Something useful.
B．Something popular.
C．Something important.
D．Something interesting.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据下文可知，当今青少年对于保护动物这件事情不够重视，因此判断这里的priority一词意为“优先之事，重要之事”。
3．What do we learn about the survey?
A．It was aimed at teenagers.
B．It was conducted by London Zoo.
C．It was announced on May 22nd.
D．Half of the participants were from middle schools.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“...10，000 5 to 18-year-olds who participated...”可知这项调查是针对青少年进行的，故A项正确。该调查的结果是在5月22日(国际生物多样性日)之前在伦敦动物园发布的，但并不是伦敦动物园发起的，因此B、C两项错误，D项无依据。
4．According to Sophie, one reason that young people aren’t aware enough of protecting animals is that ________．
A．they don’t like animals at all
B．they pay more attention to electrical products
C．they are affected by people who hurt animals
D．they aren’t taught to protect animals at school
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段最后一句话可知，Sophie认为青少年缺乏保护动物意识的一个原因是“他们沉溺于电脑游戏和其他电子产品”，因此B项正确。
完形填空
To celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant.We __1__ hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter.When our __2__ came，I started walking towards an empty table.By bad luck, my purse strap(带子) got __3__ on a chair and the tray(托盘) that I was holding slipped __4__ my hands and went flying in the air.The tray, and its contents，__5__ on a man who was just about to __6__ a bite of his sandwich.I stared, greatly __7__， as the drinks soaked(浸湿) his white shirt.Then I __8__ my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of __9__．Instead, he said“It’s OK.”to __10__ me before he disappeared into washroom.Still shaky and unsure __11__ to do next，my friends and I went to a table and sat there, trying our best to look __12__．A moment later, the man came out of the washroom and __13__ our table.My heart almost stopped __14__．I thought he was going to ask for my father’ s __15__ and call him.To my surprise, he merely smiled at us, handed us some cash and said，“__16__ yourselves new hamburgers.”He then walked __17__ without even finishing his food.He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation worse，__18__ he chose a different way and gave us a reason to believe that there is still __19__ in this world.I’ll never __20__ his actions.
【解题导语】 作者讲述了自己在快餐店吃饭时发生的一件难忘的事：作者的汉堡和可乐洒了，弄脏了别人的衣服，不但没有被责骂，对方反而给作者钱让他再买一份。
1．A.arranged B．made
C．ordered D．demanded
C 解析：A.arranged安排；B.made制作；C.ordered点餐；D.demanded要求。根据首句可知地点环境是restaurant，所以排除arranged和demanded。再看此句动作发出者是we，动作承受者是汉堡包和可乐，所以作为顾客只能是点餐，故选C。
2．A.food B．turn
C．bill D．menu
A 解析：A.food食物；B.turn轮流，变化；C.bill 账单；D.menu菜单。根据上一句点餐之后，自然是指“我”们所点的食物来了，故选A。
3．A.fixed B．cut
C．caught D．tied
C 解析：A.fixed固定；B.cut切割；C.caught卡住；D.tied 系。“我”钱包上的带子卡在了椅子上，get caught 被卡住，故选C。
4．A.by B．from
C．out D．in
B 解析：A.by被；B.from从；C.out离开；D.in在……内。下一句中说in the air，说明此时盘子已经“脱手”了，“from my hand”表示托盘从“我”手中飞了出去，故选B。
5．A.stood B．knocked
C．fell D．hung
C 解析：A.stood站；B.knocked撞；C.fell跌倒，落；D.hung悬挂。托盘从手中滑落，盘子里的东西洒在了一位男士身上，故选C。
6．A.taste B．chew
C．swallow D．take
D 解析：A.taste品尝；B.chew咀嚼；C.swallow吞咽；D.take拿；那位男士正准备咬一口他的三明治， take a bite 咬一口，故选D。
7．A.discouraged B．disappointed
C．shocked D．annoyed
C 解析：A.discouraged泄气；B.disappointed失望；C.shocked震惊；D.annoyed 使烦恼。作者将食物泼洒在男士身上后感到很是震惊，故选C。
8．A.closed B．rubbed
C．narrowed D．rolled
A 解析：A.closed关闭；B.rubbed擦；C.narrowed变窄；D.rolled滚；作者很害怕地闭上了眼睛，故选A。
9．A.bitterness B．anxiety
C．anger D．sorrow
C 解析：A.bitterness苦；B.anxiety渴望；C.anger 生气；D.sorrow悲伤。作者闭上了眼睛的同时准备承受那位男士的愤怒，故选C。
10．A.satisfy B．comfort
C．encourage D．praise
B 解析：A.satisfy使满意；B.comfort安慰；C.encourage鼓励；D.praise表扬。根据Instead, he said “It’s OK.”，说明是为了安慰作者，故选B。
11．A.what B．who
C．how D．which
A 解析：A.what什么；B.who谁；C.how怎样；D.which哪一个。作者不知道接下来做什么，所以用what，故选A。
12．A.mild B．modest
C．calm D．honest
C 解析：A.mild温和的；B.modest谦虚的；C.calm镇静的；D.honest诚实的；“我”和朋友们尽力镇定下来，故选C。
13．A.pushed B．approached
C．drew D．laid
B 解析：A.pushed推；B.approached靠近；C.drew画；D.laid放；那位男士从洗手间出来直接朝我们走过来，故选B。
14．A.breaking B．trembling
C．sinking D．beating
D 解析：A.breaking破坏；B.trembling抖动；C.sinking下沉；D.beating跳动。 当那位男士朝我们走来时我的心几乎都停止跳动了，故选D。
15．A.help B．position
C．number D．job
C 解析：A.help帮助；B.position位置；C.number 数字，号码；D.job工作。作者以为那位男士会要自己父亲的电话号码并给父亲打电话。call提示前面应该是电话号码，故选C。
16．A.Prepare B．Buy
C．Find D．Cook
B 解析：A.Prepare准备；B.Buy买；C.Find发现；D.Cook做饭；结果那位男士给了“我”一些钱，还说：“再给自己买新的汉堡吧”。根据语境可知，选B。
17．A.on B．around
C．up D．off
D 解析：A.on继续；B.around周围；C.up向上；D.off离开。那个男士随后走开了，故选D。
18．A.so B．but
C．although D．since
B 解析：A.so因此；B.but但是；C.although虽然；D.since 自从。空格前的意思是：那位男士本可能会使事情更糟糕， 空后却是：他选择了不同的处理方式，故前后句子是转折关系用but，故选B。
19．A.kindness B．happiness
C．politeness D．brightness
A 解析：A.kindness善良；B.happiness快乐；C.politeness礼貌；D.brightness聪明。根据上文故事的描述可知，展现在眼前的是一位和蔼大度的人，故选A。
20．A.ignore B．refuse
C．oppose D．forget
D 解析：A.ignore忽视；B.refuse拒绝；C.oppose 反对；D.forget忘记。本句是文章的结尾句，最后表达的是永远不会忘记这位男士的举止行为。结合空格之前说的never可知选D。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Every year, about 75，000 Great White Pelicans fly away from Eastern Europe’s cold winter to East Africa, where they spend the summer. It’s a long journey and the main stop is in Israel.
The Great White Pelican is a huge bird. It’s the largest bird in the world to make such a long journey. Its diet is mainly fish and it eats about 1.4 kilos each day.
The pelicans love to gather in large numbers. Until recent years, there were plenty of water supplies(供给) in Israel. Frequently, the pelicans arrive in Israel tired. They cannot continue their long journey until they have rested. However, for a variety of reasons, these water supplies have dried up and the pelicans have had to find other food sources.
Fish farming has become big business in Israel. As you may imagine, a fish farm is something pelicans could usually only dream of! In the summer months when the Great White Pelicans passed through, Israel’s fish farmers began to lose tons of fish. Some farms were even forced to close their business. Something had to be done.
The Israel Ministry of Agriculture considered the problem carefully. How could it stop 75，000 huge pelicans from arriving in Israel? It decided this was not possible. It chose a place with a plentiful supply of water, and provided money for local farmers to buy food, which they fed to the pelicans. The pelicans soon understood this and now arrive at the place to feed and rest. They no longer have to rely on the fish farms for food.
It’s a solution that seems to have worked. At one point, it looked as if the Ministry would stop the money. One criticism(批评) was that with so much food, the pelicans would never leave and would become even more expensive. However, there was such outcry from environmentalists and farmers that the money remains.
Perhaps their large numbers in Israel will attract birdwatchers from all over the world to visit the amazing sight, and tourism can bring new income to the country.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。每年白鹈鹕大军都迁徙到非洲过冬，而以色列是中途重要休息的地方。然而，成千上万的白鹈鹕为以色列的农民带来了不少的烦恼。
1．What can we learn about Great White Pelicans?
A．They are loners.
B．They winter in Israel.
C．They are good at long-distance flying.
D．They reduce their intake during their journey.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“It’s a long journey and the main stop is in Israel.”以及第二段中的“It’s the largest bird in the world to make such a long journey.”可知，白鹈鹕擅长长距离飞行。
2．What problem did the fish farmers face?
A．The pelicans damaged the local environment.
B．Their farms were closed by the government.
C．The water supplies were not enough.
D．They suffered a heavy loss of fish.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“Israel’s fish farmers began to lose tons of fish”可知，每年当地农民因为白鹈鹕的到来都会损失数吨的鱼。
3．What measures did the government take?
A．They prevented the pelicans stopping in Israel.
B．They encouraged farmers to develop tourism.
C．They gave farmers money to farm more fish.
D．They found a new place for the pelicans.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的“It chose a place with a plentiful supply of water, and provided money for local farmers to buy food, which they fed to the pelicans.”可知，政府为白鹈鹕重新选择了一处食物供应充足的地方。
4．What is the author’s attitude to the pelicans in Israel?
A．Optimistic. B．Unclear.
C．Doubtful. D．Unconcerned.
A 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段“Perhaps their large numbers in Israel will attract birdwatchers from all over the world to visit the amazing sight, and tourism can bring new income to the country.”可知，作者认为以色列境内的白鹈鹕可能为发展旅游业、增加人们的收入注入新的活力。由此可知，他对以色列白鹈鹕这一问题持乐观的态度。
B
Debates over the benefits of recycling started in 1996 when a writer called John Tierney said “recycling is garbage”. According to him, “Recycling programs offer mainly short-term benefits to a few related groups while diverting(转移) money from real social and environmental problems. It doubles energy consumption and pollution while costing taxpayers more money than dealing with old garbage. Recycling may be the most wasteful activity in modern America.”
Environmental groups were quick to respond to Tierney by issuing reports detailing the benefits of recycling and showing how municipal(市政的) recycling programs reduce pollution and the use of resources while decreasing the amount of garbage and the need for landfill space—all for less, not more, than the cost of regular garbage collection and disposal(处置)．
But in 2002, New York City, an early municipal recycling pioneer, found that its much-praised recycling program was losing money, so it eliminated glass and plastic recycling. According to the Mayor, the benefits of recycling plastic and glass were outweighed(大于) by the price—recycling cost twice as much as disposal. Meanwhile, low demand for the materials meant that much of it was ending up in landfills anyway. NYC closed its last landfill and brought in a more efficient system, with more famous service providers than it had used previously.
The lessons learned by New York are applicable everywhere. Some early recycling programs waste resources and lead to new trash. But the situation has improved as cities have gained experience. If managed correctly, recycling programs should cost cities and taxpayers less than garbage disposal for any given amount of material. Even though the benefits of recycling over disposal are various, individuals should keep in mind that it better serves the environment to reduce and reuse materials before recycling even becomes an option.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了垃圾回收是否弊大于利。
5．John Tierney thought that recycling ________．
A．is a waste of money
B．leads to a lack of employers
C．is beneficial to the environment
D．will become popular in the future
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“Recycling programs...diverting(转移) money from real social and environmental problems...costing taxpayers more money than dealing with old garbage.”可知，John Tierney认为回收是浪费资金的行为。
6．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “eliminated” in Paragraph 3?
A．Required. B．Forgot.
C．Encouraged. D．Cancelled.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“its much-praised recycling program was losing money”及“the benefits of recycling plastic and glass...cost twice as much as disposal”可知，纽约市的塑料和玻璃回收项目处于亏损状态，由此可推断该市取消了这些回收项目。
7．What does the last paragraph imply?
A．We should make recycling an option.
B．Public recycling programs are in a bad situation.
C．We should develop the awareness of resource saving.
D．Cost-saving should be considered first in recycling work.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“it better serves the environment to reduce and reuse materials before recycling even becomes an option”可知，作者认为，回收可能会变成一种选择，但我们应当有减少浪费和循环使用资源的环保意识。
8．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．The Harm of Recycling
B．Is Recycling Really Beneficial?
C．The Recycling Work in New York City
D．Is Environmental Protection Making Progress?
B 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要根据一个争论引出了关于垃圾回收是否有益的探讨。
七选五
The food chain is the order in which animals and plants eat each other in order to survive. 1.________ Every ecosystem has a different food chain, depending on which animals and plants live there.
The lowest part of the food chain is the plants. They are called producers because they produce their own food using the sunlight’s energy. This process is called photosynthesis(光合作用). Animals are the consumers of the food chain. 2.________
Some animals only eat plants. 3.________ And some animals, like wolves, foxes or lions, feed on other animals. Each food chain has a predator(捕食者), the strongest animal that is not eaten by others. Hawks or polar bears are such predators that control their habitats.
Many creatures belong to more than one food chain. 4.________ Food chains that are connected to each other are called food webs. When an animal dies, it is eaten up by bacteria and other organisms. They break down animals and plants into small parts and enrich soil so that other plants can grow better.
5．________ For example, if there are too many zebras in a tropical habitat, many of them will die because they cannot get enough food to feed on. This also means that there is less food for predators, like lions, to eat. And when there are fewer lions, the zebras’ population will grow again.
A．They eat other plants and animals.
B．Every living thing needs courage to live and grow.
C．Among this group of animals are rabbits, mice and cows.
D．Every living creature needs to eat other creatures below it.
E．Grass, for example, is eaten by many other animals as well as insects.
F．The balance of plants and animals within a food chain is determined by nature.
G．Some producers that provide energy for animals are grass, trees, vegetables, and fruits.
答案：1－5.DACEF
短文改错
Last year during the National Day holiday，my father took my little sister and I out for a pleasantly drive.My father pulled up by a riverside and encourage us to go and catch some crabs(螃蟹)．My sister and I took out our shoes and socks，walk into the shallow water.We had many tries at catch a crab，but we were out of the luck.We felt so discouraging that we decided give up.Just as we were walking towards the bank，I felt something struggling under one of my feet.“It feels like a crab，”I whispered in my sister’s ears.Then I bent down slowly and caught hold of them.Our effort did finally prove fruitful.
答案：
Last year during the National Day holiday，my father took my little sister and I out for a drive.My father pulled up by a riverside and us to go and catch some crabs(螃蟹)．My sister and I took our shoes and socks， into the shallow water.We had many tries a crab，but we were out of luck.We felt so that we decided give up.Just as we were walking towards the bank，I felt something struggling under one of my feet.“It feels like a crab，”I whispered in my sister’s .Then I bent down slowly and caught hold of .Our effort did finally prove fruitful.
Section Ⅲ Word power，Task & Project
1．arrest vt.& n． 逮捕
2．customs n. 海关；关税
3．conflict vi. 冲突，抵触
n. 冲突；矛盾
4．decrease vt.& vi. 减少
n. 减少
5．administration n. 管理；管理部门；施行；(美国)政府
6．flood n. 洪水；大批，大量
vt.& vi. 泛滥；淹没；大量涌入
7．range n. 范围；一系列；山脉
vi. (在一定范围内)变化；
包括；排列，排序
8．absorb vt. 吸收；理解；使全神贯注
9．decade n. 十年
10．arrival n. 到来，抵达；到达者→ arrive vi. 到达；到来
11．illegally adv. 非法地→ illegal adj. 非法的→legal adj. 法定的；合法的
12．impress vt. 使印象深刻→impression n．印象；印迹 →impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
13．measure n. 措施，方法；尺度 vt. 测量；估量，判定→ measurement n. 测量，测量法；尺寸
14．appreciate vt. 欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会→appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；评价 →appreciative adj. 有鉴识力的
15．consume vt. 消耗，耗费；消费→consumer n. 消费者；用户；消耗者
1．clean_up 打扫(或清除)干净
2．queue_up 排队等候
3．pick_out 找出，挑选
4．rely_on 依靠，依赖
5．deal_with 应付，处理
6．under_way 进行中
7．in/with_regard_to 关于，至于
8．let_off 排放
9．in_particular 尤其，特别
10．do_one’s_part 尽自己的职责
1．On/Upon＋doing/n.一……就……
On_taking_off his jacket，they found a tortoise.
一脱掉他的夹克衫，他们就发现了一只乌龟。
2．it作形式宾语
I liked_it_when you told that joke.
当你讲那个笑话时，我很喜欢。
3．nor位于句首引导部分倒装
This is not good news for the people who rely on the Yangtze River for water.Nor_is_it_good_news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.
这对依赖长江用水的人们来说不是个好消息，对于在江中或沿江生存的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也不是个好消息。
4．There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There_is_no_doubt_that the world climate has been changing in recent years.
毫无疑问，最近几年世界气候一直在发生着变化。
5．the more...，the more...越……就越……
Therefore，the_more petrol and electricity we consume, the_more_carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电能越多，我们排放的碳就越多。
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Rapid development and an increase in population result in the fact that ________．
A．more waste is produced and nearly all of it is put into the Yangtze River
B．the water of the Yangtze River will be polluted and no water can be taken from it
C．no fish and wildlife will be found in the Yangtze River
D．the amount of water taken from the Yangtze River is rising
2．From this passage we know that ________．
A．the Green River Organization is still in the air
B．quite a few people have realized the importance of protecting the Yangtze River
C．the government hasn’t taken steps to protect the Yangtze River yet
D．it is too late to stop people from polluting the Yangtze River
3．The meaning of the phrase “under way” in the sentence “Two special government projects are also under way.” is ________．
A．on the way B．under ground
C．in motion D．in the way
4．Which of the following organizations or projects will make the Yangtze River look green?
A．The Green River Organization.
B．The water and soil conservation project.
C．The nature reserves for white-flag dolphins.
D．The fish and wildlife protection project.
答案：1－4.DBCB
Protecting the Yangtze River
As the third longest river① in the world, the health of the Yangtze River has raised② concern③ both in China and abroad④.Rapid development and an increase in population⑤ have meant⑥ that the amount of water taken from the river is rising, and that the waste being put back into⑦ the river has been increasing.This is not good news for the people who rely on⑧ the Yangtze River for water⑨.Nor is it good news for the wide range⑩ of fish and wildlife? that live in or along the river?.
Many people have recognized the importance of protecting? the Yangtze River, and organizations and projects have been set up? to deal with? the problem.The Green River Organization, for example, educates people on the importance of protecting this great river.It also watches? the river and stops the illegal? hunting of animals, which has put the wild animal population in danger?.
①the third longest river第三长河
②raise vt.引起；提出
③concern n．关心，关注
④in China and abroad在国内外
⑤an increase in population人口的增长
⑥mean vt.&vi.意味着，意图，打算；意指
⑦put...back into把……放回
⑧rely on依靠，依赖
⑨who引导定语从句，修饰先行词the people。
⑩range[reInd?]n.范围；一系列；山脉 vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
?wildlife n．野生生物
?nor位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序。
?the importance of doing sth.做某事的重要性
?set up创立，建立
?deal with处理
?watch v．监视
?illegal[I'li?ɡl] adj.违法的，非法的
?which引导非限制性定语从句，对the illegal hunting加以补充说明。
保护长江
作为世界第三长河，长江的环境问题已经引起了国内外的关注。飞速的经济发展和人口增长意味着取自长江的水量不断增加，而排回到长江中的废物也在不断增加。这对依赖长江用水的人来说不是个好消息。对于在江中或沿江生存的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也不是个好的消息。
许多人已经认识到了保护长江的重要性，他们已经成立组织并设立项目来处理这个问题。例如，绿色江河组织教育人们，让人们了解保护这条大河的重要性。该组织还监视长江，阻止非法捕捞，非法捕捞已经威胁到野生动物的数量。
Two special government projects are also under way?.The first project, a water and soil conservation? project, was set up in 1989.This project resulted inB21 farmers replacing their crops with trees or grassB22.It has already been a successB23 because it has helped improveB24 the local environment and the land around the river.
The second project includes nature reservesB25 for white-flag dolphinsB26, one of the rarest animalsB27 in the world.The number of white-flag dolphins in China has droppedB28 because of pollution in the Yangtze River.The white-flag dolphin was last seen several years ago，though scientists are still hopeful that the animal has survivedB29.
?under way进行中
?conservation[?k?ns?'veI?n]n.(对自然环境的)保护
result in导致；引起 result from由……造成
replace crops with trees or grass退耕还林或退耕还草
a success一件成功的事；一个成功的人
help improve帮助提高
nature reserve自然保护区
white-flag dolphin n．白鳍豚 dolphin['d?lfIn] n．海豚
one of the rarest animals最稀有的动物之一
the number of...作主语时，句子谓语动词用单数形式。
a number of...作主语时，句子谓语动词用复数形式。
though引导让步状语从句，that引导的从句作hopeful的宾语。
两个特设的政府项目也在进行中。第一个项目是水土保护项目，启动于1989年。这个项目使得农民退耕还林或退耕还草。这个项目已经取得成功，因为它已经帮助改善了当地的环境和江边的土地情况。
第二个项目包括白鳍豚自然保护区。白鳍豚是世界上最稀有的动物之一。由于长江的污染，中国白鳍豚的数量已经减少。尽管科学家还在期盼着白鳍豚不会绝种，但人们最后一次看到白鳍豚已经是在好几年前了。
We still have a long way to goB30 to solve all the problems in regard toB31 the Yangtze River.However, people have finally realized that it is their responsibility to protect this great riverB32.Because of this, the situation on the Yangtze River is improving.The effortsB33 of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciatedB34 for years to come.
have a long way to go有很长一段路要走
in/with regard to关于，至于
that引导宾语从句，宾语从句中it作形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语。
effort n．努力
appreciate[?'pri??IeIt] vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会
要解决与长江有关的所有问题，我们还有很长的路要走。但是，人们终于认识到他们有责任来保护这条大河。因此，长江的环境正在改善。中国政府和人民为保护这条他们所挚爱的河流所做的努力将来会得到后人的肯定的。
Climate① change and a low-carbon② life
There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.③Many people blame this change on④ gases such as carbon dioxide⑤.Animals and humans produce carbon dioxide when they breathe.However, many other human activities also let off⑥ carbon gases⑦.Anytime⑧ something is burnt, carbon is put into the atmosphere.Cars and other vehicles⑨ burn petrol⑩ in their engines?， and electrical? power plants? most often burn fuels? such as coal and oil in order to produce electricity.Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume?，the more carbon we are letting off.
①climate['klaIm?t] n．气候
②low-carbon[?l??'kɑ?b?n] adj.低碳的
③There is no doubt that...是固定句式，其中that引导同位语从句。
④blame...on...将……归咎于……
⑤carbon['kɑ?b?n] n．碳 dioxide[daI'?ksaId] n．二氧化物 carbon dioxide n．二氧化碳
⑥let off排放
⑦carbon gases碳化气体
⑧anytime adv.无论何时，任何时候
⑨vehicle['vi??kl] n．交通工具，车辆
⑩petrol['petr?l] n．汽油
?engine['end?In]n.发动机，引擎
?electrical[I'lektrIkl] adj.电的，用电的
?plant[plɑ?nt] n．工厂；发电厂
?fuel['fju??l] n．燃料 vt.&vi.提供燃料；加油
?consume[k?n'sju?m] vt.消耗，耗费；消费
气候变化和低碳生活
毫无疑问，在最近几年里，世界气候一直在变化。许多人将这一变化归咎于二氧化碳等气体。动物和人类在呼吸时会产生二氧化碳。然而，人类的许多其他活动也会释放出碳化气体。每当物体燃烧时，碳就会被排放到大气中。小汽车和其他交通工具燃烧汽油来发动引擎，发电站通常靠燃烧诸如煤和油之类的燃料来发电。因此，我们消耗的汽油和电能越多，我们排放的碳就越多。
One thing we can all do to help solve this problem? is to walk or use a bicycle when possible?.Although we produce carbon when we breathe, the carbon we produce is much less than? that produced by a car.Of course, there are times when we need to travel long distances?.In this case?， public transport such as buses and the underground is always a much better choice than a private car or a taxi.If you must drive a car, it is never goodB21 to travel aloneB22—you should try to find other people to travel with you.
?we can all do是省略了that的定语从句，修饰先行词One thing。
?when possible为省略句，补全应为when it is possible。
?much less than比……少得多
?travel long distances出远门，长途旅行
?in this case在这种情况下
never good完全不好，绝对不好
if引导条件状语从句，主句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to travel alone。
我们能做的有助于解决这一问题的方法之一就是尽可能步行或使用自行车。尽管我们呼吸时产生碳，但呼出的碳要比一辆小汽车产生的碳少得多。当然，有时候我们也需要长途旅行。在这种情况下，与私家车或出租车相比，公共交通工具如公共汽车和地铁总是更好的选择。如果你偏要开车，独自出行绝不是最佳选择——你应该尽量找其他人与你同行。
At home, you should use as little energy as possibleB23.Turn offB24 the lights and anything else electrical when not in useB25.Since factories use a lot of energy and also let off carbon gases, it is important to recycle as much as possibleB26.In particularB27, metal products and paper products requireB28 a lot of energy to produce, so you should find ways to use these again without throwing them awayB29.
Last but not leastB30, you can plant a tree, because trees absorbB31 the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygenB32.Planting a small tree is cheap and easyB33, and two decadesB34 from now, when you look at what will have become a large treeB35，you will find a sense of satisfaction knowing that you did your partB36 to help solve the problem of climate change.
as little...as possible尽可能少的……
turn off关掉
when...use为省略句，补全应为when they are not in use。
since引导原因状语从句，主句中it是形式主语。
in particular尤其，特别
particular[p?'tIkj?l?(r)] adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的，挑剔的
require vt.需要
throw...away把……扔掉
last but not least最后但同样重要的是
absorb[?b's??b]vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注
oxygen['?ksId??n]n.氧气
动名词短语作主语，句子谓语动词用单数形式。
decade['dekeId] n．十年
when引导时间状语从句；what引导宾语从句。
do one’s part尽自己的职责
在家你应该消耗尽可能少的能源。不用电灯以及其他电器时，应该关掉。由于工厂消耗大量能源，也排放出大量碳化气体，尽量多地回收利用是非常重要的。尤其是金属产品和纸质产品需要大量能源来生产，因此你应该找到重复使用这些产品的方法，而不是把它们扔掉。
最后但同样重要的是，你可以植树，因为树能够吸收空气中的二氧化碳，释放出氧气。种植一棵小树花费很少也很简单，二十年之后，当你看到它长成大树时，你会有一种满足感，因为你知道你为帮助解决气候变化问题尽了自己的职责。
clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
(教材P29)I am sad that the young people of today do not clean up after themselves before they leave the park.
令我感到伤心的是现在的年轻人离开公园前从来都不去清理自己留下的垃圾。
clean off 扫除，擦去
clean away 擦去
clean out 打扫干净；(把钱)花完
①You should always clean up the room.
你应该经常清理房间。
②Do you think we can clean away all these finger marks？你认为我们能够把这些指痕统统去掉吗？
③It’s time you cleaned_out the drawers of your desk；they are full of waste paper.
是你应该把你的抽屉清理干净的时候了，里面全是废纸。
impress vt.使印象深刻
(教材P31)When I heard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more，I was very impressed. 当我听到你关于环境和经济需要更多的合作的讲话时，我印象深刻。
(1)impress on/upon sb.sth. 使某人铭记某物
impress sb.with sth. 给某人深刻印象
be impressed by/at/with 被……感动
(2)impression n. 印象
leave/make a deep impression on 给……留下深刻印象
(3)impressive adj. 有印象的，印象深刻的
①What impressed me was their ability to deal with any problem.
让我印象深刻的是他们处理任何问题的能力。
②Your art skills are excellent and admirable，which leaves_me_a_deep_impression． 你们的艺术技能优秀令人羡慕，这给我留下了深刻的印象。
③This movie is so impressive (impress) that we can’t help crying. 这影片如此感人以至于我们禁不住流下泪来。
[巧学活用]——句式升级
美景给我留下了深刻印象，我忘记及时回家了。
(1)普通表达
I_was_impressed_by_the_beautiful_scenery and forgot to go back home in time.
(2)高级表达
Impressed_by_the_beautiful_scenery，I forgot to go back home in time.(分词作状语)
conflict n．[C，U]冲突；矛盾 vi.(两种思想、信仰、说法等的)冲突；抵触
(经典例句)She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。
(1)in conflict with 与……冲突/矛盾
come into conflict with sb. 与某人发生冲突/争执
(2)conflict with 与……冲突
①John often comes into conflict with his boss.
约翰经常和他的老板发生争执。
②His opinions conflicted with mine, which surprised me very much. 他的意见和我的不一致，这使我很吃惊。
decrease vt.& vi.减少 n．减少
(教材P33)This is one of the cheapest and best ways of decreasing desertification.
这是减少沙漠化最经济、最好的方法之一。
(1)decrease/increase by... 减少/增加了……
decrease/increase to... 减少/增加到……
(2)on the decrease/increase 在减少/增加
①The number of employees has already decreased to 100 after the manager laid off them.
在经理实行裁员后，员工的数量降低到了100名。
②Prices are expected to decrease by less than 1 percent this year. 今年物价有望降低不到1%。
③The number of people who want to buy Japanese cars is on the decrease. 愿意买日本车的人数在减少。
decrease/increase by...减少/增加了……，by后常接分数、百分数或者其他表示数量的词，grow 也有这样的用法。
[巧学活用]——单句改错
(1)It is reported that the traffic accidents in the city decreased to 30% last year.
to→by
(2)There has been a decrease to traffic accidents since the new traffic rules came into effect.
to→in
measure n．措施；方法；尺度，大小
vt.测量；估量，判定
(教材P33)The centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification.
中心有三百多名科学家致力于找到治理沙漠化的措施。
(1)measure...by... 用……来衡量……
be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算
(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth.
采取措施做某事
make sth.to one’s own measure
为某人量身定做某物
①It’s generally acknowledged that education shouldn’t be measured only by examination results.
人们普遍认为教育不应该单纯用考试成绩来衡量。
②Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
虽然这些措施不是永远有效，但是对现在来说是很重要的。
③The government has taken measures(measure) to bring down the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable. 为了保持市场稳定，政府已经采取措施来降低日常用品的价格。
④The coat which is not made to your own measure is much too loose for you.
这件没按照你的尺寸做的大衣你穿着太松了。
[巧学活用]——用measure的相关知识完成小片段
Much to my sadness, I have to wear the coats made (1)to_my_own_measure(按我自己的尺寸) because I’m getting fatter nowadays.Although I know beauty shouldn’t (2)be_measured_by(以……来衡量) a good shape, it’s time for me to (3)take_measures_to_lose_weight(采取措施减肥)．
pick out 挑出；辨认出，辨别出；弄明白，领会；使明显，使突出
(教材P33)There are also things that can be done at a national or international level，such as sharing information between countries and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.
还有一些可以从国家或国际高度来做的事情，比如在国家之间共享信息、使用卫星找出可能受荒漠化影响的地区。
pick up 拾起，捡起；学会(语言)；
(车辆)中途搭人；使人恢复精神，恢复健康；
(开车)接人；接收(信号、声音等)；
(情况等)好转，改进；便宜地买到
pick off 摘下来；取下
pick one’s pocket 扒窃；掏包
pick out
指按个人喜好或希望进行挑选，是仔细挑剔和苛刻地选择，多用于有形的东西
select
指从同类的许多东西中仔细辨别后选择，挑选“最合适的”，有“精选”的含义
choose
通常指在所提供的对象中，凭个人的判断力进行选择，是最普遍的用语
①Bob’s father is very common；you can’t pick him out easily in the crowd.
鲍勃的父亲很普通，在人群中你不容易辨认出他来。
②The country’s economic growth picked_up in the first three quarters of last year.
在去年的前三个季度国家的经济增长状况得以改善。
③Mother took a long time in selecting a few hats for Mary，out of which Mary chose the one she liked best.
母亲花了很长时间给玛丽挑选了几顶帽子，玛丽在其中拣了一顶她最喜欢的。
range n．一系列；范围；山脉
vi.(在一定范围内)变化，变动；排列
(教材P38)Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.
对生活在江中或沿岸大量鱼类和野生生物来说也不是个好消息。
(1)a range of 一系列……
in/out of/beyond the range of 在/超出……范围
(2)range from...to... 在……范围内变动，
包括由……到……
之间的各类事物
range between...and... 在……和……范围内变动
①In recent years, stress has been regarded as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
近年来，压力被视为一系列病症的起因，从高血压到精神方面的疾病。
②The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond/out of our range.
这栋房子的价格太高了，远远超过了我们能承受的范围。
③Prices range between ￡7 and ￡10.
售价在7英镑和10英镑之间。
④He has a number of interests，ranging(range) from playing chess to swimming.
他的爱好很多，下棋、游泳都有涉猎。
The supermarket keeps a wide range of goods.Their prices range from just only a few yuan to several hundred yuan.According to their varieties，the shop assistants range them neatly on the shelves.
这家超市有种类繁多的商品。它们的价格从几元到几百元不等。根据它们的种类，售货员们把它们整齐地排列在不同的货架上。
in regard to 关于，至于
(教材P38)We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangtze River.
要解决与长江有关的所有问题，我们还有很长的路要走。
(1)regarding prep. 关于
(2)regard...as 把……看作
in this/that regard 在这/那方面；在这/那一点上
give my best regards (to sb.) 请代我问候(某人)
(3)regardless of 不管；不顾
①The teacher wishes to speak to you in regard to your being late. 老师要和你谈谈关于你迟到的问题。
②Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们存活下去的唯一方法是和自然和谐相处。
③He continued speaking，regardless of my feelings on the matter. 他不顾及我在这件事上的感受继续说。
appreciate vt.欣赏，赏识；领会，理解；感激
(教材P38)The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come.
中国政府和人民为保护这条他们所挚爱的河流所做的努力将来会得到后人的肯定的。
(1)appreciate ＋ n．/ pron./ that... 欣赏；感激……
appreciate (one’s) doing sth. 欣赏/感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将不胜感激。
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感谢
①Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly.
很快她开始学着欣赏生活而不是刻薄地去评判任何事。
②I really appreciate your coming(come) over to help me with my math. 我真的很感谢你过来帮我补习数学。
③I’d appreciate it if you could do me a favor.
如果你能帮我个忙我将不胜感激。
appreciate作“感激”讲时，其后不能接人作宾语。其后跟if，when等引导的宾语从句时，需要加形式宾语it。
[巧学活用]——高考小作文
如果你给我这样一次机会展示才华我将感激不尽。
I_would_appreciate_it_if you could give me such an opportunity to show my talent.
let off 排放；燃放，(使)爆炸；放过，宽恕
(教材P39)However，many other human activities also let off carbon gases.
然而，人类的许多其他活动也会释放出碳化气体。
let (sb.) down 让(某人)失望；放下，降下
let out 泄露；发出；出租；放大
let up 减弱，缓和，减少，减小；放松
let alone 更不用说
let sb./sth.alone 不管/不干涉某人/物
let sb.do sth. 让某人做某事
let go 放开；松手；放弃
①I’m determined to do well in my lessons so as not to let my parents down.
为了不让我的父母失望，我下决心把功课学好。
②(天津高考)Throwing their hats into the air，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
获胜队的粉丝们发出胜利的欢呼声，同时大家都将帽子抛向了空中。
③He couldn’t keep body and soul together，let alone support his family.
他连自己的生活都难以维持，更不用说养家了。
[巧学活用]——用let的相关短语完成小片段
We didn’t even refer to that question，let_alone discuss it.Joe got angry，thinking we hadn’t taken it seriously and saying that we let_him_down．I went to see him and told him the fact.But he didn’t believe me.I just let_him_alone．
consume vt.消耗，耗费；消费；用掉
(教材P39)Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电能越多，我们排放的碳就越多。
(1)be consumed with 因……而变得憔悴
consume away 毁掉，毁灭(同destroy)；消耗掉
(2)consumption n. 消耗
consumer n. 消费者
①Wondering how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.
想知道妈妈怎么消耗这些东西那么快，我开始观察了她两个星期的日常生活。
②Alice was consumed with sorrow.
爱丽丝因悲伤而变得憔悴。
③The message we’d like to get across is that consumers(consume) should spend their money sensibly while shopping online.
我们想传达的信息是消费者在网上购物时应理智花钱。
[巧学活用]——用consume的适当形式完成小片段
The air conditioners of this type consume too much electricity.Many consumers complain about this.
in particular 特别地，尤其地
(教材P39)In particular，metal products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce，so you should find ways to use these again without throwing them away.
尤其是金属产品和纸质产品需要大量能源来生产，因此你应该找到重复使用这些产品的方法，而不是把它们扔掉。
(1)be particular about/over 对……讲究/挑剔
be particular to do sth. 特地做某事
(2)particularly adv.＝in particular 尤其；特别地；特殊地
in general 一般来讲，总之
①Peter was lying on the sofa doing nothing in particular.
彼得躺在沙发上，无所事事。
②I like meat in_general，and mutton in_particular.
总的来说我喜欢吃肉，特别爱吃羊肉。
③She is very particular about her clothes.
她对衣着特别挑剔。
④Persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly(particular) to an elder or a person in authority.
来自亚洲文化的人们或许把沉默看作是尊敬的标志，特别是对一位老人或者官方的人。
absorb vt.吸收；吸引
(教材P39)Last but not least，you can plant a tree，because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.
最后但同样重要的是，你可以植树，因为树能够吸收空气中的二氧化碳，释放出氧气。
(1)absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb...into... 把……吸收进……
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
absorb oneself in...＝be absorbed in... 全神贯注于……
①The beautiful scenery absorbed the attention of the passers-by. 美景吸引了路人的注意。
②When something did interest me, I could become absorbed(absorb)．
当某件事的确让我感兴趣时，我就能够全神贯注。
be absorbed in (doing) sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in...。类似的结构还有：
①be lost in... 陷入……；专心致志于……
②be caught in... 被困在……
③be buried in... 埋头于……
④be devoted to... 致力于……；专心于……
[巧学活用]——一句多译
他在聚精会神地写信，当我进来时他甚至都没有抬头。(absorb)
(1)He was_absorbed_in writing a letter and didn’t even look up when I came in.
(2)He absorbed_himself_in writing a letter and didn’t even look up when I came in.
(3)Absorbed_in writing a letter, he didn’t even look up when I came in.(分词作状语)
(教材P29)On taking off his jacket，they found a tortoise. 一脱掉他的夹克他们就发现了一只乌龟。
on/upon sth./doing sth.是固定结构，意为“一……就……”。“一……就……”其他表达法：
(1)at＋名词
(2)immediately/instantly/directly＋从句
(3)the moment/the minute/the instant＋从句
(4)hardly...when/no sooner...than...(当hardly或no sooner放在句首时，从句用的是一般过去时，主句用的是过去完成时，主句常用倒装句型)
①On hearing the bad news，he began to cry.
一听到这个坏消息，他就哭了起来。
②(陕西卷)No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
莫言一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。
③At the sight of the policeman，the thief ran away as soon as possible. 一看到警察，那个贼便飞快地逃跑了。
④I was deeply impressed with her the moment I saw her.
我第一眼看到她时她就给我留下了深刻的印象。
⑤Hardly had we begun the climb when the snow began to come down. 我们刚一开始爬山就下起雪来了。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
他一到北京就来看望我们。
(1)No_sooner/Hardly had he arrived in Beijing than/when he came to visit us.
(2)He had hardly arrived in Beijing when he came to visit us.
(3)He came to visit us instantly/immediately/directly he arrived in Beijing.
(4)He came to visit us the_moment/the_instant/the_minute he arrived in Beijing.
(5)On_arriving in Beijing，he came to visit us.
(教材P38)Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river. 对于在江中或沿江生存的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也不是个好消息。
Nor is it属于“nor/neither ＋ 系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”这一倒装句式中的一种，表示上文的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，为部分倒装。
(1)当表示上面的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物时，用“so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋sb./sth.”，意为“某人/物也是这样”。
(2)若前后句子主语不同时，注意选择另外两个句型：so it is with...；it is the same with...。
(3)“so＋sb./sth.＋助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示说话人对前面或对方所说的情况的赞同或证实。
①—He doesn’t like swimming. ——他不喜欢游泳。
—Nor/Neither do I． ——我也如此。
②Tom says you work hard，so_you_do and so_does_he.
汤姆说你工作努力，你确实是这样，他也是这样的。
③He is good at sporting and isn’t good at singing，so it is with his sister. 他擅长体育，但不擅长唱歌，他的妹妹也是这样。
(教材P39)Therefore，the more petrol and electricity we consume，the more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗的汽油和电能越多，我们排放的碳就越多。
“the more...，the more...”句型常表示“越……就越……”，是一个复合句，其中前面的句子是状语从句，后面的句子是主句。主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词一般要用一般现在时表示将来。
①Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the better your performance will be.
到了某种程度，你的压力越大，你的表现就越好。
②And the longer(long) we delay it, the more tired we feel.
我们拖延得越久，我们会感到越累。
③The_harder he worked，the_more he got.
他工作越努力，得到的就越多。
品句填词
1．____________(给……留下印象) by its beauty，Oscar felt a strong desire to find its owner.
答案：Impressed
2．The criminal，as well as some relevant people，was ____________(逮捕) by the police yesterday.
答案：arrested
3．The boy was found seated on a bench，completely ____________(专心) in a novel.
答案：absorbed
4．His old car____________(消耗) much gasoline.
答案：consumed
5．—Can I help you with it?
—I____________(感激) your offer，but I can manage it myself.
答案：appreciate
6．What right does ____________(海关) have to search my car?
答案：Customs
单句改错
1．I will appreciate you if you can give me a lift to the station.____________________
答案：第一个you→it
2．Absorbing in the game，he didn’t notice me enter the room.____________________
答案：Absorbing →Absorbed
3．There are many things to think over in regard of this project.____________________
答案：of→to
4．Advertising can influence consumer moods，which，in turn，can influence their reactions to products.____________________
答案：consumer→consumers’
5．There are two hundred boys ranged from seven to fourteen in age.____________________
答案：ranged→ranging
完成句子
1．他的同学似乎并不相信他的故事。
It ____________________ his classmates didn’t believe his story.
＝His classmates ______________believe his story.
答案：seemed as if；seemed not to
2．如果你能来帮我搬这个重袋子我将感激不尽。
I would appreciate __________________________carry the heavy bag.
答案：it if you could help me
3．一看到自己造成的损坏，这个小孩就感到惭愧。
____________________the damage he had done，the child felt ashamed.
答案：On seeing
4．我的邻居们对待这孩子就像是他们亲生的儿子一样。
My neighbors treat the child______________ he were their own son.
答案：as if
5．他喜欢骑自行车，不喜欢乘公交车去上学。她也是如此。
He likes riding his bicycle and he doesn’t like going to school by bus.______________．
答案：So it is with her/It is the same with her
课文语篇改错
As we all know，there is a wide range fish and wild animals that live in and along the Yangtze River.And if we allow illegal hunting there will be no more leave.In order to protect them，many organizations and projects，such for the water and soil conservation project and the nature reserves for white-flag dolphins，are under the way.
But we still have a long way to go to solve all the problem in regard with the Yangtze River.However，people have realized that it is their responsible to protect the Yangtze River.The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protecting this much-loved river will be appreciating for years to come.
答案：
As we all know，there is a wide range fish and wild animals that live in and along the Yangtze River. if we allow illegal hunting there will be no more .In order to protect them，many organizations and projects，such the water and soil conservation project and the nature reserves for white-flag dolphins，are under way.
But we still have a long way to go to solve all the in regard the Yangtze River.However，people have realized that it is their to protect the Yangtze River.The efforts of the Chinese government and people to this much-loved river will be for years to come.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．He describes everything in order，which makes an excellent ____________ (impress) upon us.
答案：impression
2．When you’re in conflict ____________ someone，it’s best to avoid bringing up old arguments.Just as the saying goes，let sleeping dogs lie.
答案：with
3．Oil prices have decreased____________10 percent since the start of the year.
答案：by
4．Our government has taken ____________ (measure) to stop the hunters killing the tigers in northeastern part of China.
答案：measures
5．They have got different jobs，____________ (range) from advertising sales to engineering.
答案：ranging
6．I’d appreciate ____________ if you would like to teach me how to use the expression.
答案：it
7．Many ____________ (consume) today are fed up with receiving spam or unwanted email.
答案：consumers
8．When I went in，they were absorbed ____________ a heated discussion.
答案：in
9．On hearing the news，he rushed out of the classroom, ____________ (leave) the dictionary lying open on the desk.
答案：leaving
10．The government is trying to pass a harsh new law that would cut off Internet access for people who download ____________ (legal)．
答案：illegally
阅读理解
A
Bottled water is a drain on the environment: The U．S. public goes through about 50 billion water bottles a year, and most of those plastic containers are not recycled, according to Elizabeth Royte’s book Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It.
Transporting the bottles and keeping them cold also burns fuels, which give off greenhouse gases.And groundwater pumping by bottled water companies draws heavily on underground aquifers(含水层) and harms watersheds(分水岭), according to the Sierra Club.And some studies suggest it takes up to three liters of water to produce one liter of bottled water.
Yet more than $100 billion is spent every year on bottled water globally.In many cities in developing countries where there is not a safe source of tap water, bottled water becomes a trusted choice.
In the U．S., tap water is controlled by the government and often examined for dangerous polluted substances.Each American drinks 79 liters of bottled water per year on average, according to the Columbia Water Center at Columbia University’s Earth Institute in New York.The bottled water industry is so successful that it has outpaced(超过) milk, coffee, and juice in the number of gallons of drinks sold—putting it behind only beer and soda.
Though the sale and consumption(消费) of bottled water is still on the rise, certain policymakers have taken steps to reduce it and encourage people to drink tap water.In September 2009, the Australian town of Bundanoon became the first town in the world to completely ban bottled water from its stores’ shelves, building water fountains(喷泉) around the town instead.
Among U．S. cities that have taken action are San Francisco and Seattle, which no longer buy water for city use, and Chicago, which added a five-cent tax on each bottle.Several restaurants in those cities have also given up bottled water for tap water.Other cities are also considering taking action.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了瓶装水的运输和冷藏消耗能源、破坏环境，及几个国家对此所做出的应对措施。
1．What does the underlined word “drain” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A．Value. B．Consumption.
C．Solution. D．Relief(缓解)．
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“The U．S. public goes through about 50 billion water bottles a year, and most of those plastic containers are not recycled”可推知，drain的意思应为“耗尽，消耗”，与consumption同义。
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．Why bottled water is so popular.
B．What Elizabeth Royte’s book is about.
C．How much it takes to produce bottled water.
D．What effects bottled water has on the environment.
D 解析：段落大意题。结合第二段内容可知，本段介绍了运输、冷藏瓶装水和抽取地下水生产瓶装水的不良影响。故选D。
3．According to the passage, what drink sells best in the U．S.A.?
A．Beer. B．Bottled water.
C．Coffee. D．Milk.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，瓶装水的销量仅次于啤酒和苏打水，也就是说啤酒在美国卖得最好。
4．Which of the following statements about the U．S. is TRUE?
A．More than $100 billion is spent every year on bottled water in the U．S.
B．About 79 billion water bottles a year are gone through by the U．S. public.
C．In Chicago, you have to pay 5 cents as tax if you buy a bottle of water.
D．An American drinks 50 liters of bottled water every year on average.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可排除A项；根据第一段的内容可排除B项；根据最后一段第一句中的“Chicago, which added a five-cent tax on each bottle”可知C项正确；根据第四段第二句可排除D项。
B
Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for “sport”．Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take part in it realize the cruelty and destruction.
The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly.Children too young to develop proper judgments through independent thought are led a long way away by their gunning parents.They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and gun-carrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins(静脉). They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill.In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate a desire to own a gun.
Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wild land habitat.Habitat loss will continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting? There doesn’t seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved.
Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone.Although most people do not shoot，they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it.The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sports shooting to the great majority of people.
Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to live as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures.The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building，but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy.If，as they would have you believe，gun-carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage wars.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了以枪杀野生动物为“运动”这一现象，以及对野生动物生存现状的影响，表达了作者对野生动物生存问题的担忧。
5．According to the text，how many reasons cause the wildlife to disappear?
A．1. B．2.
C．3. D．4.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wild land habitat.”可知答案为B。
6．According to the text，most people do not seem to be against hunting because ________．
A．they have little knowledge of it
B．it helps to build human character
C．it is too costly to stop killing wildlife
D．they want to keep wildlife under control
A 解析：细节理解题。由第四段第二句“Although most people do not shoot，they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it.”可知答案为A。
7．The underlined word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means “________”．
A．form B．condition
C．pain D．sadness
C 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句的后半句意为“但是我们知道伤害动物和看着动物们经历死亡的痛苦是让每个人都高兴不起来的事情”。agony“极大的痛苦”，故选C。
语法填空
On Monday，the US Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS) asked for African lions 1.____________(list) as“threatened” under the Endangered Species Act.This move would help protect them from 2.____________(extinct)．
The population of African lions 3.____________(predict) to be 75，800 in 1980，according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). That number has dropped 4.____________ 30%.About 70% of lions inhabit just 10 areas in eastern and southern Africa.
A statement from the US listed many main 5.____________(threat) to the big cats such as loss of habitat, lack of food，and more conflicts with humans. So far more humans 6.____________(move) into areas inhabited by lions.Experts believe human population in Sub-Saharan Africa will double by 2050，7.____________(make) the problem worse.
Lions, 8.____________ once lived in most parts of Africa, are now found only in the south of the Sahara and parts of eastern and southern Africa.
9．____________ act could make some activities illegal，including the buying and selling of hunted lions as trophies.This would ensure “that people in the United States do not contribute to the 10.____________(far) decline of listed species”．
【解题导语】 本文讲述了非洲狮数量减少的原因、它们的生存现状及为保护它们而采取的措施。
1．to be listed 解析：考查非谓语动词。list与lions之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示当时还未发生的动作，所以填to be listed。
2．extinction 解析：考查词性转换。空前为介词，故用名词形式。
3．was predicted 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。predict与The population of African lions之间是被动关系，所以谓语动词用被动语态；由时间状语in 1980可知，要用一般过去时。
4．by 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示非洲狮的数量已经减少了30%。drop by“下降了……，减少了……”。
5．threats 解析：考查名词复数。根据空前的many和语境可知，非洲狮面临多种威胁，所以用名词复数。
6．have moved 解析：考查动词的时态。由时间状语So far可知，此处用现在完成时。
7．making 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用现在分词作结果状语。
8．which 解析：考查定语从句。此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Lions。
9．The 解析：考查冠词。此处特指第一段中的“Endangered Species Act”，故填The。
10．further 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示进一步减少，故用比较级。
B卷
阅读理解
Global warming is not only a threat to our future health，it already contributes to more than 150，000 deaths and 5 million illnesses annually，according to a team of health and climate scientists at the World Health Organization and the University of Wisconsin at Madison—and those numbers could double by 2030.
Research data published in the journal Nature show that global warming may affect human health in a surprising number of ways: speeding the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever；creating conditions that lead to potentially fatal malnutrition and diarrhea；and increasing the likelihood of heat waves and floods.
According to the scientists，who have mapped the growing health impacts of global warming，the data show that global warming affects different regions in very different ways.Global warming is particularly hard on people in poor countries，which is ironic，because the places that have contributed the least to global warming are most exposed to the death and disease higher temperatures can bring.
“Those least able to cope with and least responsible for the greenhouse gases that cause global warming are most affected，” said lead author Jonathan Patz，a professor at UW-Madison’s Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies，“Here lies an enormous global ethical challenge.”
According to the Nature report，regions at highest risk for enduring the health effects of climate change include coastlines along the Pacific and Indian oceans and sub-Saharan Africa.Large cities，with their urban “heat island” effect，are also prone to(有倾向的) temperature-related health problems.Africa has some of the lowest per-capita(每人的) emissions of greenhouse gases.Yet，regions of the continent are gravely at risk for diseases related to global warming.
“Many of the most important diseases in poor countries，from malaria to diarrhea and malnutrition，are highly sensitive to climate，” said co-author Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum of WHO.“The health sector is struggling to control these diseases and climate change threatens to weaken these efforts.”
“Recent extreme climatic events have underlined the risks to human health and survival，” added Tony McMichael，director of the National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health at the Australian National University.“This synthesizing(综合治理) paper points the way to strategic research that better assesses the risks to health from global climate change.”
1．Which of the following CANNOT be the result of global warming?
A．More than 150，000 deaths every year.
B．Creating conditions that lead to potentially fatal malnutrition.
C．Causing more floods.
D．The spread of infectious diseases.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段可知，D项缺了speeding这一信息。
2．The underlined word “ironic” in Para.3 probably means “________”．
A．讽刺的 B．严重的
C．无助的 D．贫穷的
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“because the places that have contributed the least to global warming are most exposed to the death and disease higher temperatures can bring”可知，这些地区对全球变暖影响是最小的，受到的危害却是最大的，这当然是有“讽刺”的意味了。
3．Global warming is particularly hard on people in poor countries because ________．
A．these places have contributed the least to global warming
B．these people are least able to deal with the problems caused by global warming
C．they are in countries along the Pacific and Indian oceans and sub-Saharan Africa
D．they are highly sensitive to climate
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句及第四段中的“Those least able to cope with and least responsible for the greenhouse gases that cause global warming are most affected”可推知这些贫穷国家的人们应对全球变暖问题的能力是最差的，所以受到的危害尤其大。
完形填空
My parents passed away ten years ago and I miss them terribly.But I know they are with me every day in what they taught me and in the __1__ they gave me.Every morning my father’s message to me was：“Remember that __2__ you walk out of this door, you carry responsibility, the good name of this family, the hopes and dreams of your mom and dad.”My mother often urged me to __3__ the high standards she set for me.
When I was in high school, I played in a rock band with friends in my class.We were devoted and practiced constantly.We moved past the guys-in-a-garage stage and __4__ to be pretty good, doing getting-paid gigs(演奏会) most weekends, which made me __5__．At that time, though part of me was __6__ up in that band, another part of me was the oldest son in the Clark family，__7__ of my origin and a dedicated student busy applying to colleges.Without even telling my parents, I applied to Harvard.I didn’t think I had much chance of getting in，__8__ I wanted to try.So I was riding around being Mr Cool Rock Musician half of the time, and the other half I was focused on family and __9__ goals.I was running on parallel __10__．
When the group won a city wide Battle of the Bands, things heated up.My bandmates had stars in their eyes—we might be able to make it big.However, I began to feel __11__．I realized I was on quite different tracks: I __12__ was becoming two people，__13__ identities back and forth depending on who I was with.I had to make an option.As I considered my __14__， my parents’ words were right there, helping me to see that my dreams weren’t about signing a record deal, letting my hair grow, and living in a tour bus.So I __15__ out.My bandmasters were __16__．They thought I was crazy to withdraw __17__ the peak of real success.But however successful that band got, I knew it wasn’t in line with my __18__， with my feeling of what I was __19__ to do, with who I was—it simply wasn’t me.
In that instant and in many others throughout my life, my parents’ advice has helped me recenter and __20__．I could remember who I was—the hopes and dreams I carried.
【解题导语】 文章介绍作者的父母虽然去世了，但是在他做决定的时候父母给他的建议给了他很大的指导。
1．A.property B．aid
C．guide D．advice
D 解析：根据下文“my parents’ advice”可知，作者的父母给了他很多建议，让他感觉总是和父母在一起。advice建议。故选D。
2．A.before B．when
C．while D．since
B 解析：句意：当你走出这扇门，你背负着这个家庭的责任和好的名声。when当……时候。故选B。
3．A.come up with B．live up to
C．stand up to D．keep pace with
B 解析：句意：我妈妈经常督促我不要辜负她给我设立的高标准。live up to不辜负。故选B。
4．A.hoped B．failed
C．got D．attempted
C 解析：根据上文“We moved past the guys-in-a-garage stage”可知，我们渡过了在车库的阶段，现在变得很好了。get to be成为。故选C。
5．A.thrilled B．disappointed
C．confused D．lost
A 解析：根据上文“doing getting-paid gigs(演奏会) most weekends”可知，这些让“我”激动。thrilled激动的。故选A。
6．A.centred B．wrapped
C．spent D．offered
B 解析：根据上文“We were devoted and practiced constantly.”可知，作者的注意力完全集中于乐队。wrap up 注意力完全集中于。故选B。
7．A.scared B．proud
C．guilty D．ashamed
B 解析：作者忙于申请大学，并以此为荣。proud自豪的。故选B。
8．A.yet B．unless
C．until D．if
A 解析：根据上文“I didn’t think I had much chance of getting in”可知，作者认为没有什么机会，但是他想试一试。yet然而。故选A。
9．A.economic B．political
C．academic D．literary
C 解析：根据上文“Without even telling my parents, I applied to Harvard.”可知，作者有一半专注于家庭和学习目标。academic学习的。故选C。
10．A.ways B．tracks
C．processes D．directions
B 解析：根据上文“So I was riding around being Mr Cool Rock Musician half of the time, and the other half I was focused on family and ______ goals.”及下文的“different tracks”可知，作者在平行的轨道上奔跑。tracks轨道。故选B。
11．A.uncomfortable B．optimistic
C．cheerful D．confident
A 解析：根据下文“I realized I was on quite different tracks”可知，作者感觉不安(uncomfortable)。故选A。
12．A.exactly B．eventually
C．actually D．fortunately
C 解析：句意：实际上，我变成两个人。actually实际上。故选C。
13．A.switching B．acting
C．discovering D．seeking
A 解析：此处意为“我转变身份取决于和谁在一起”。switch转变。故选A。
14．A.conditions B．competence
C．choices D．health
C 解析：根据上文“I had to make an option.”可知，作者在做出选择的时候，他父母的话给他指导。choice选择。故选C。
15．A.dropped B．looked
C．called D．gave
A 解析：根据上文“helping me to see that my dreams weren’t about signing a record deal, letting my hair grow, and living in a tour bus”可知，作者决定退出。drop out退出。故选A。
16．A.disturbed B．shocked
C．cool D．tolerant
B 解析：根据上文“So I ______ out.”可知，“我”的乐队指挥很惊讶。shocked震惊的。故选B。
17．A.in B．at
C．by D．to
B 解析：根据上文“When the group won a city wide Battle of the Bands, things heated up.”可知，他们认为“我”在成功的巅峰时退出真是疯了。at the peak of在……的巅峰。故选B。
18．A.personality B．interests
C．goals D．consideration
C 解析：句意：无论乐队多么成功，我知道和我的目标不一致。goal目标。故选C。
19．A.aimed B．demanded
C．forced D．meant
D 解析：这里指“我”打算做的事情。mean to do打算做。故选D。
20．A.recall B．rebuild
C．refocus D．reunite
C 解析：“我”父母的建议帮助“我”重新专注。refocus重新专注。故选C。
短文改错
When it comes going camping，everyone will be cheerful.I’m no the exception.Last year, my family and I go camping in the countryside.It was one of the most excited experiences I had ever had.We slept on a tent and went on a long walk every day.We cooked over a fire and the food tasted wonderfully.For a whole week, I saw lovely mountain views or breathed fresh air.At night, I heard the gentle wind blowing in the tree, and I felt so peaceful.It doesn’t cost many to camp, and I believe it’s the best way to get close to nature.What’s more, we can enjoy it beauty.
答案：
When it comes going camping, everyone will be cheerful.I’m no exception.Last year, my family and I camping in the countryside.It was one of the most experiences I had ever had.We slept a tent and went on a long walk every day.We cooked over a fire and the food tasted .For a whole week, I saw lovely mountain views breathed fresh air.At night, I heard the gentle wind blowing in the ， and I felt so peaceful.It doesn’t cost to camp, and I believe it’s the best way to get close to nature.What’s more，we can enjoy beauty.
课件107张PPT。Unit 2 The environment本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．____________(给……留下印象) by its beauty，Oscar felt a strong desire to find its owner.
答案：Impressed
2．The criminal，as well as some relevant people，was ____________(逮捕) by the police yesterday.
答案：arrested
3．The boy was found seated on a bench，completely ____________(专心) in a novel.
答案：absorbed
4．His old car____________(消耗) much gasoline.
答案：consumed
5．—Can I help you with it?
—I____________(感激) your offer，but I can manage it myself.
答案：appreciate
6．What right does ____________(海关) have to search my car?
答案：Customs
单句改错
1．I will appreciate you if you can give me a lift to the station.____________________
答案：第一个you→it
2．Absorbing in the game，he didn’t notice me enter the room.____________________
答案：Absorbing →Absorbed
3．There are many things to think over in regard of this project.____________________
答案：of→to
4．Advertising can influence consumer moods，which，in turn，can influence their reactions to products.____________________
答案：consumer→consumers’
5．There are two hundred boys ranged from seven to fourteen in age.____________________
答案：ranged→ranging
完成句子
1．他的同学似乎并不相信他的故事。
It ____________________ his classmates didn’t believe his story.
＝His classmates ______________believe his story.
答案：seemed as if；seemed not to
2．如果你能来帮我搬这个重袋子我将感激不尽。
I would appreciate __________________________carry the heavy bag.
答案：it if you could help me
3．一看到自己造成的损坏，这个小孩就感到惭愧。
____________________the damage he had done，the child felt ashamed.
答案：On seeing
4．我的邻居们对待这孩子就像是他们亲生的儿子一样。
My neighbors treat the child______________ he were their own son.
答案：as if
5．他喜欢骑自行车，不喜欢乘公交车去上学。她也是如此。
He likes riding his bicycle and he doesn’t like going to school by bus.______________．
答案：So it is with her/It is the same with her
课文语篇改错
As we all know，there is a wide range fish and wild animals that live in and along the Yangtze River.And if we allow illegal hunting there will be no more leave.In order to protect them，many organizations and projects，such for the water and soil conservation project and the nature reserves for white-flag dolphins，are under the way.
But we still have a long way to go to solve all the problem in regard with the Yangtze River.However，people have realized that it is their responsible to protect the Yangtze River.The efforts of the Chinese government and people to protecting this much-loved river will be appreciating for years to come.
答案：
As we all know，there is a wide range fish and wild animals that live in and along the Yangtze River. if we allow illegal hunting there will be no more .In order to protect them，many organizations and projects，such the water and soil conservation project and the nature reserves for white-flag dolphins，are under way.
But we still have a long way to go to solve all the in regard the Yangtze River.However，people have realized that it is their to protect the Yangtze River.The efforts of the Chinese government and people to this much-loved river will be for years to come.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．He describes everything in order，which makes an excellent ____________ (impress) upon us.
答案：impression
2．When you’re in conflict ____________ someone，it’s best to avoid bringing up old arguments.Just as the saying goes，let sleeping dogs lie.
答案：with
3．Oil prices have decreased____________10 percent since the start of the year.
答案：by
4．Our government has taken ____________ (measure) to stop the hunters killing the tigers in northeastern part of China.
答案：measures
5．They have got different jobs，____________ (range) from advertising sales to engineering.
答案：ranging
6．I’d appreciate ____________ if you would like to teach me how to use the expression.
答案：it
7．Many ____________ (consume) today are fed up with receiving spam or unwanted email.
答案：consumers
8．When I went in，they were absorbed ____________ a heated discussion.
答案：in
9．On hearing the news，he rushed out of the classroom, ____________ (leave) the dictionary lying open on the desk.
答案：leaving
10．The government is trying to pass a harsh new law that would cut off Internet access for people who download ____________ (legal)．
答案：illegally
阅读理解
A
Bottled water is a drain on the environment: The U．S. public goes through about 50 billion water bottles a year, and most of those plastic containers are not recycled, according to Elizabeth Royte’s book Bottlemania: How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It.
Transporting the bottles and keeping them cold also burns fuels, which give off greenhouse gases.And groundwater pumping by bottled water companies draws heavily on underground aquifers(含水层) and harms watersheds(分水岭), according to the Sierra Club.And some studies suggest it takes up to three liters of water to produce one liter of bottled water.
Yet more than $100 billion is spent every year on bottled water globally.In many cities in developing countries where there is not a safe source of tap water, bottled water becomes a trusted choice.
In the U．S., tap water is controlled by the government and often examined for dangerous polluted substances.Each American drinks 79 liters of bottled water per year on average, according to the Columbia Water Center at Columbia University’s Earth Institute in New York.The bottled water industry is so successful that it has outpaced(超过) milk, coffee, and juice in the number of gallons of drinks sold—putting it behind only beer and soda.
Though the sale and consumption(消费) of bottled water is still on the rise, certain policymakers have taken steps to reduce it and encourage people to drink tap water.In September 2009, the Australian town of Bundanoon became the first town in the world to completely ban bottled water from its stores’ shelves, building water fountains(喷泉) around the town instead.
Among U．S. cities that have taken action are San Francisco and Seattle, which no longer buy water for city use, and Chicago, which added a five-cent tax on each bottle.Several restaurants in those cities have also given up bottled water for tap water.Other cities are also considering taking action.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了瓶装水的运输和冷藏消耗能源、破坏环境，及几个国家对此所做出的应对措施。
1．What does the underlined word “drain” in the first paragraph probably mean?
A．Value. B．Consumption.
C．Solution. D．Relief(缓解)．
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“The U．S. public goes through about 50 billion water bottles a year, and most of those plastic containers are not recycled”可推知，drain的意思应为“耗尽，消耗”，与consumption同义。
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．Why bottled water is so popular.
B．What Elizabeth Royte’s book is about.
C．How much it takes to produce bottled water.
D．What effects bottled water has on the environment.
D 解析：段落大意题。结合第二段内容可知，本段介绍了运输、冷藏瓶装水和抽取地下水生产瓶装水的不良影响。故选D。
3．According to the passage, what drink sells best in the U．S.A.?
A．Beer. B．Bottled water.
C．Coffee. D．Milk.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，瓶装水的销量仅次于啤酒和苏打水，也就是说啤酒在美国卖得最好。
4．Which of the following statements about the U．S. is TRUE?
A．More than $100 billion is spent every year on bottled water in the U．S.
B．About 79 billion water bottles a year are gone through by the U．S. public.
C．In Chicago, you have to pay 5 cents as tax if you buy a bottle of water.
D．An American drinks 50 liters of bottled water every year on average.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可排除A项；根据第一段的内容可排除B项；根据最后一段第一句中的“Chicago, which added a five-cent tax on each bottle”可知C项正确；根据第四段第二句可排除D项。
B
Every year more people recognize that it is wrong to kill wildlife for “sport”．Progress in this direction is slow because shooting is not a sport for watching, and only those few who take part in it realize the cruelty and destruction.
The number of gunners, however, grows rapidly.Children too young to develop proper judgments through independent thought are led a long way away by their gunning parents.They are subjected to advertisements of gun producers who describe shooting as good for their health and gun-carrying as a way of putting redder blood in the veins(静脉). They are persuaded by gunner magazines with stories honoring the chase and the kill.In school they view motion pictures which are supposedly meant to teach them how to deal with arms safely but which are actually designed to stimulate a desire to own a gun.
Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wild land habitat.Habitat loss will continue with our increasing population, but can we slow the loss of wildlife caused by shooting? There doesn’t seem to be any chance if the serious condition of our birds is not improved.
Wildlife belongs to everyone and not to the gunners alone.Although most people do not shoot，they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it.The only answer, then, is to bring the truth about sports shooting to the great majority of people.
Now, it is time to realize that animals have the same right to live as we do and that there is nothing fair or right about a person with a gun shooting the harmless and beautiful creatures.The gunners like to describe what they do as character-building，but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy.If，as they would have you believe，gun-carrying and killing improve human character, then perhaps we should encourage wars.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了以枪杀野生动物为“运动”这一现象，以及对野生动物生存现状的影响，表达了作者对野生动物生存问题的担忧。
5．According to the text，how many reasons cause the wildlife to disappear?
A．1. B．2.
C．3. D．4.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Wildlife is disappearing because of shooting and because of the loss of wild land habitat.”可知答案为B。
6．According to the text，most people do not seem to be against hunting because ________．
A．they have little knowledge of it
B．it helps to build human character
C．it is too costly to stop killing wildlife
D．they want to keep wildlife under control
A 解析：细节理解题。由第四段第二句“Although most people do not shoot，they seem to forgive shooting for sport because they know little or nothing about it.”可知答案为A。
7．The underlined word “agony” in the last paragraph probably means “________”．
A．form B．condition
C．pain D．sadness
C 解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在句的后半句意为“但是我们知道伤害动物和看着动物们经历死亡的痛苦是让每个人都高兴不起来的事情”。agony“极大的痛苦”，故选C。
语法填空
On Monday，the US Fish and Wildlife Service(USFWS) asked for African lions 1.____________(list) as“threatened” under the Endangered Species Act.This move would help protect them from 2.____________(extinct)．
The population of African lions 3.____________(predict) to be 75，800 in 1980，according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). That number has dropped 4.____________ 30%.About 70% of lions inhabit just 10 areas in eastern and southern Africa.
A statement from the US listed many main 5.____________(threat) to the big cats such as loss of habitat, lack of food，and more conflicts with humans. So far more humans 6.____________(move) into areas inhabited by lions.Experts believe human population in Sub-Saharan Africa will double by 2050，7.____________(make) the problem worse.
Lions, 8.____________ once lived in most parts of Africa, are now found only in the south of the Sahara and parts of eastern and southern Africa.
9．____________ act could make some activities illegal，including the buying and selling of hunted lions as trophies.This would ensure “that people in the United States do not contribute to the 10.____________(far) decline of listed species”．
【解题导语】 本文讲述了非洲狮数量减少的原因、它们的生存现状及为保护它们而采取的措施。
1．to be listed 解析：考查非谓语动词。list与lions之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示当时还未发生的动作，所以填to be listed。
2．extinction 解析：考查词性转换。空前为介词，故用名词形式。
3．was predicted 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。predict与The population of African lions之间是被动关系，所以谓语动词用被动语态；由时间状语in 1980可知，要用一般过去时。
4．by 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示非洲狮的数量已经减少了30%。drop by“下降了……，减少了……”。
5．threats 解析：考查名词复数。根据空前的many和语境可知，非洲狮面临多种威胁，所以用名词复数。
6．have moved 解析：考查动词的时态。由时间状语So far可知，此处用现在完成时。
7．making 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处用现在分词作结果状语。
8．which 解析：考查定语从句。此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Lions。
9．The 解析：考查冠词。此处特指第一段中的“Endangered Species Act”，故填The。
10．further 解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示进一步减少，故用比较级。
B卷
阅读理解
Global warming is not only a threat to our future health，it already contributes to more than 150，000 deaths and 5 million illnesses annually，according to a team of health and climate scientists at the World Health Organization and the University of Wisconsin at Madison—and those numbers could double by 2030.
Research data published in the journal Nature show that global warming may affect human health in a surprising number of ways: speeding the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever；creating conditions that lead to potentially fatal malnutrition and diarrhea；and increasing the likelihood of heat waves and floods.
According to the scientists，who have mapped the growing health impacts of global warming，the data show that global warming affects different regions in very different ways.Global warming is particularly hard on people in poor countries，which is ironic，because the places that have contributed the least to global warming are most exposed to the death and disease higher temperatures can bring.
“Those least able to cope with and least responsible for the greenhouse gases that cause global warming are most affected，” said lead author Jonathan Patz，a professor at UW-Madison’s Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies，“Here lies an enormous global ethical challenge.”
According to the Nature report，regions at highest risk for enduring the health effects of climate change include coastlines along the Pacific and Indian oceans and sub-Saharan Africa.Large cities，with their urban “heat island” effect，are also prone to(有倾向的) temperature-related health problems.Africa has some of the lowest per-capita(每人的) emissions of greenhouse gases.Yet，regions of the continent are gravely at risk for diseases related to global warming.
“Many of the most important diseases in poor countries，from malaria to diarrhea and malnutrition，are highly sensitive to climate，” said co-author Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum of WHO.“The health sector is struggling to control these diseases and climate change threatens to weaken these efforts.”
“Recent extreme climatic events have underlined the risks to human health and survival，” added Tony McMichael，director of the National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health at the Australian National University.“This synthesizing(综合治理) paper points the way to strategic research that better assesses the risks to health from global climate change.”
1．Which of the following CANNOT be the result of global warming?
A．More than 150，000 deaths every year.
B．Creating conditions that lead to potentially fatal malnutrition.
C．Causing more floods.
D．The spread of infectious diseases.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段可知，D项缺了speeding这一信息。
2．The underlined word “ironic” in Para.3 probably means “________”．
A．讽刺的 B．严重的
C．无助的 D．贫穷的
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“because the places that have contributed the least to global warming are most exposed to the death and disease higher temperatures can bring”可知，这些地区对全球变暖影响是最小的，受到的危害却是最大的，这当然是有“讽刺”的意味了。
3．Global warming is particularly hard on people in poor countries because ________．
A．these places have contributed the least to global warming
B．these people are least able to deal with the problems caused by global warming
C．they are in countries along the Pacific and Indian oceans and sub-Saharan Africa
D．they are highly sensitive to climate
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句及第四段中的“Those least able to cope with and least responsible for the greenhouse gases that cause global warming are most affected”可推知这些贫穷国家的人们应对全球变暖问题的能力是最差的，所以受到的危害尤其大。
完形填空
My parents passed away ten years ago and I miss them terribly.But I know they are with me every day in what they taught me and in the __1__ they gave me.Every morning my father’s message to me was：“Remember that __2__ you walk out of this door, you carry responsibility, the good name of this family, the hopes and dreams of your mom and dad.”My mother often urged me to __3__ the high standards she set for me.
When I was in high school, I played in a rock band with friends in my class.We were devoted and practiced constantly.We moved past the guys-in-a-garage stage and __4__ to be pretty good, doing getting-paid gigs(演奏会) most weekends, which made me __5__．At that time, though part of me was __6__ up in that band, another part of me was the oldest son in the Clark family，__7__ of my origin and a dedicated student busy applying to colleges.Without even telling my parents, I applied to Harvard.I didn’t think I had much chance of getting in，__8__ I wanted to try.So I was riding around being Mr Cool Rock Musician half of the time, and the other half I was focused on family and __9__ goals.I was running on parallel __10__．
When the group won a city wide Battle of the Bands, things heated up.My bandmates had stars in their eyes—we might be able to make it big.However, I began to feel __11__．I realized I was on quite different tracks: I __12__ was becoming two people，__13__ identities back and forth depending on who I was with.I had to make an option.As I considered my __14__， my parents’ words were right there, helping me to see that my dreams weren’t about signing a record deal, letting my hair grow, and living in a tour bus.So I __15__ out.My bandmasters were __16__．They thought I was crazy to withdraw __17__ the peak of real success.But however successful that band got, I knew it wasn’t in line with my __18__， with my feeling of what I was __19__ to do, with who I was—it simply wasn’t me.
In that instant and in many others throughout my life, my parents’ advice has helped me recenter and __20__．I could remember who I was—the hopes and dreams I carried.
【解题导语】 文章介绍作者的父母虽然去世了，但是在他做决定的时候父母给他的建议给了他很大的指导。
1．A.property B．aid
C．guide D．advice
D 解析：根据下文“my parents’ advice”可知，作者的父母给了他很多建议，让他感觉总是和父母在一起。advice建议。故选D。
2．A.before B．when
C．while D．since
B 解析：句意：当你走出这扇门，你背负着这个家庭的责任和好的名声。when当……时候。故选B。
3．A.come up with B．live up to
C．stand up to D．keep pace with
B 解析：句意：我妈妈经常督促我不要辜负她给我设立的高标准。live up to不辜负。故选B。
4．A.hoped B．failed
C．got D．attempted
C 解析：根据上文“We moved past the guys-in-a-garage stage”可知，我们渡过了在车库的阶段，现在变得很好了。get to be成为。故选C。
5．A.thrilled B．disappointed
C．confused D．lost
A 解析：根据上文“doing getting-paid gigs(演奏会) most weekends”可知，这些让“我”激动。thrilled激动的。故选A。
6．A.centred B．wrapped
C．spent D．offered
B 解析：根据上文“We were devoted and practiced constantly.”可知，作者的注意力完全集中于乐队。wrap up 注意力完全集中于。故选B。
7．A.scared B．proud
C．guilty D．ashamed
B 解析：作者忙于申请大学，并以此为荣。proud自豪的。故选B。
8．A.yet B．unless
C．until D．if
A 解析：根据上文“I didn’t think I had much chance of getting in”可知，作者认为没有什么机会，但是他想试一试。yet然而。故选A。
9．A.economic B．political
C．academic D．literary
C 解析：根据上文“Without even telling my parents, I applied to Harvard.”可知，作者有一半专注于家庭和学习目标。academic学习的。故选C。
10．A.ways B．tracks
C．processes D．directions
B 解析：根据上文“So I was riding around being Mr Cool Rock Musician half of the time, and the other half I was focused on family and ______ goals.”及下文的“different tracks”可知，作者在平行的轨道上奔跑。tracks轨道。故选B。
11．A.uncomfortable B．optimistic
C．cheerful D．confident
A 解析：根据下文“I realized I was on quite different tracks”可知，作者感觉不安(uncomfortable)。故选A。
12．A.exactly B．eventually
C．actually D．fortunately
C 解析：句意：实际上，我变成两个人。actually实际上。故选C。
13．A.switching B．acting
C．discovering D．seeking
A 解析：此处意为“我转变身份取决于和谁在一起”。switch转变。故选A。
14．A.conditions B．competence
C．choices D．health
C 解析：根据上文“I had to make an option.”可知，作者在做出选择的时候，他父母的话给他指导。choice选择。故选C。
15．A.dropped B．looked
C．called D．gave
A 解析：根据上文“helping me to see that my dreams weren’t about signing a record deal, letting my hair grow, and living in a tour bus”可知，作者决定退出。drop out退出。故选A。
16．A.disturbed B．shocked
C．cool D．tolerant
B 解析：根据上文“So I ______ out.”可知，“我”的乐队指挥很惊讶。shocked震惊的。故选B。
17．A.in B．at
C．by D．to
B 解析：根据上文“When the group won a city wide Battle of the Bands, things heated up.”可知，他们认为“我”在成功的巅峰时退出真是疯了。at the peak of在……的巅峰。故选B。
18．A.personality B．interests
C．goals D．consideration
C 解析：句意：无论乐队多么成功，我知道和我的目标不一致。goal目标。故选C。
19．A.aimed B．demanded
C．forced D．meant
D 解析：这里指“我”打算做的事情。mean to do打算做。故选D。
20．A.recall B．rebuild
C．refocus D．reunite
C 解析：“我”父母的建议帮助“我”重新专注。refocus重新专注。故选C。
短文改错
When it comes going camping，everyone will be cheerful.I’m no the exception.Last year, my family and I go camping in the countryside.It was one of the most excited experiences I had ever had.We slept on a tent and went on a long walk every day.We cooked over a fire and the food tasted wonderfully.For a whole week, I saw lovely mountain views or breathed fresh air.At night, I heard the gentle wind blowing in the tree, and I felt so peaceful.It doesn’t cost many to camp, and I believe it’s the best way to get close to nature.What’s more, we can enjoy it beauty.
答案：
When it comes going camping, everyone will be cheerful.I’m no exception.Last year, my family and I camping in the countryside.It was one of the most experiences I had ever had.We slept a tent and went on a long walk every day.We cooked over a fire and the food tasted .For a whole week, I saw lovely mountain views breathed fresh air.At night, I heard the gentle wind blowing in the ， and I felt so peaceful.It doesn’t cost to camp, and I believe it’s the best way to get close to nature.What’s more，we can enjoy beauty.
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
具有形容词或副词作用的动词-ing形式
一、概念及构成
1．具有形容词或副词作用的动词-ing形式即传统语法所指的现在分词(与动名词同形)，也属于非谓语动词。其形容词作用是在句中作定语、表语、补足语(宾补和主补)；其副词作用是在句中作状语。另外，动词-ing形式往往可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成现在分词短语。
现以do为例，将现在分词的时态及语态列表如下：
时态
主动
被动
意义
一般时
doing
being done
现在分词动作与谓语动作同时发生
完成时
having done
having been
done
现在分词动作先于谓语动作发生
The professor came in，following the headmaster.
教授跟着校长进来了。
The question being discussed is very important.
现在正在讨论的问题很重要。
Having finished their work，they had a rest.
完成工作后，他们就休息了。
Having been scolded many times by the boss，he decided to leave.
被老板责骂很多次后，他决定离开。
2．现在分词的否定形式
现在分词的否定式由“not＋现在分词”构成(完成时的否定式是将not置于having之前)。
Not being able to understand English，he didn’t know what they wanted.
由于不懂英语，他不知道他们想要什么。
Not having heard from her husband for a long time，the wife worried a great deal.
由于很久没有收到丈夫的来信，妻子很担心。
二、现在分词的句法功能
(一)作定语和表语
1．作定语
作定语的现在分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；如果是现在分词短语，则放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。现在分词还可以作非限制性定语(相当于一个非限制性定语从句)，它和句子的其他部分用逗号分开。
The sleeping child is Jack’s little brother.
在睡觉的孩子是杰克的弟弟。
The man speaking to the teacher(＝who is speaking to the teacher)is our monitor’s father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
Tom，arriving late(who arrived late)，was not permitted to enter the classroom.
汤姆来迟了，不被允许进教室。
现在分词作定语表示所修饰名词的动作，而动名词表示所修饰名词的目的、用途等。如：
a swimming boy＝a boy who is swimming
一个正在游泳的男孩
a swimming pool＝a pool which is used for swimming
一个游泳池
对接高考
①(北京卷)Last night，there were millions of people ____________(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV.
昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。
watching 解析：由there were可知空格处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰people，people与watch之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。本句也可改为“Last night，there were millions of people who watched the opening ceremony live on TV.”，即用定语从句作定语。
②(辽宁卷)Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail ____________(wait) for her.
劳拉去了巴黎一个多星期。当她到家时，有一堆邮件正等着她(查看)。
waiting 解析：分析句子结构可知，空格处用作后置定语修饰mail，因为mail与wait之间为主动关系，且wait的动作不是发生在将来，故不用不定式而用现在分词结构。
2．作表语，相当于形容词
The film is moving and interesting.
这部电影感人又有趣。
The news sounds encouraging.
这个消息听起来激动人心。
(二)作补足语(宾语补足语和主语补足语)
现在分词可以在某些使役动词(如：catch，get，have，keep，leave，set等)和某些感官动词或词组(如：feel，find，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch等)后面作宾语补足语，若将以上结构变成被动语态，现在分词则作主语补足语。
I often hear a girl singing downstairs.
我经常听到楼下有一个小姑娘在唱歌。
Do you find yourself getting impatient or annoyed with people over unimportant things?
你发现自己对不重要的事情失去耐心或生气吗？
We were kept waiting so long.
我们等了很久。
感官动词或词组see，watch，observe，look at，hear，listen to，notice 等和使役动词 have的后面的宾补用现在分词表示主动或正在进行。
It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你不该让机器一直运行。
The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.
在收获季节，农民让拖拉机日夜不停地工作。
(三)作状语
现在分词作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式、伴随等。作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时多位于句首，且通常与后面用逗号隔开，能转换为一个相应的状语从句。作结果、方式、伴随状语时多位于句尾，且与前面用逗号隔开，有时也可以不用。
1．作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when，while引导
While reading the book(＝While he was reading the book)，he nodded from time to time.
他一边看书，一边不时地点头。
Hearing the good news(＝When he heard the good news)，he jumped with great joy.
听到那个好消息的时候，他高兴得跳了起来。
对接高考
③____________(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
工作了两天，史蒂夫设法如期完成了他的报告。
Having worked 解析：首先，work的动作发生在managed to finish...之前，故用完成时；Steve与work之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式，故填Having worked。
2．作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句
Working hard(＝If you work hard)，you will succeed.
只有努力工作，你才会成功。
3．作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句
Being ill(＝As she was ill)，she didn’t go to school today. 她生病了，所以今天没去上学。
对接高考
④(江西卷)____________(spend) nearly all our money，we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
我们几乎已经花完了所有的钱，所以没钱住旅馆了。
Having spent 解析：此处为非谓语动词作原因状语。we与spend之间为主动关系，spend这一动作发生在afford之前，故应该用非谓语动词的完成式。
⑤(全国卷Ⅱ)I got to the office earlier that day，__________(catch) the 7：30 train from Paddington.
那天我到达办公室比较早，因为我赶上了从帕丁顿来的7：30 的火车。
having caught 解析：此处为非谓语动词作原因状语。分析句意可知，catch动作先发生，I与catch之间为主动关系，所以用having caught。
⑥(四川卷)____________(not know) which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.
女孩不知道上哪一所大学，就向老师寻求建议。
Not knowing 解析：句子主语the girl和动词know之间是主谓关系，所以应该用动词-ing形式作原因状语，而动词-ing形式的否定式是在其前加not。
4．作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句
Having failed many times(＝Although he had failed many times)，he didn’t lose heart.
尽管失败了许多次，他仍然没有失去信心。
5．作结果状语，相当于一个并列分句
His friend died，leaving him a lot of money.(＝His friend died and left him a lot of money.)
他的朋友去世了，留给他很多钱。
6．作方式状语
Please answer the question using another way.
请用另外一种方式回答这个问题。
对接高考
⑦Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ____________(use) the sun and the stars.
像古代的水手一样，小鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。
using 解析：本题考查非谓语动词中的现在分词作方式状语的用法。此处是现在分词短语作方式状语，相当于by using the sun and the stars的省略。
7．作伴随状语，相当于一个并列分句
The girls came in，following their parents.(＝The girls followed their parents and came in.)
那些女孩子跟在她们父母的后面进来了。
对接高考
⑧(全国卷Ⅰ)The sunlight is white and blinding，____________(throw) hard-edged shadows on the ground.
太阳光白得耀眼，在地上投下了轮廓鲜明的影子。
throwing 解析：throwing是现在分词，表示动作正在进行；根据句意判断，此空格处应该填入一个能作伴随状语，且和句子的主语在逻辑上构成主谓关系的非谓语动词形式。
⑨(重庆卷)When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，____________(tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
我小时候，妈妈常常坐在我的床边给我讲故事，一直讲到我睡着。
telling 解析：空格前是一个主干无缺、语意完整的句子，因此不可用told作谓语。从句子结构分析得知，“给我讲故事一直讲到我睡着”是非谓语动词作伴随状语，所以填telling。
(1)动词-ing 所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
常用的这类动词有：arrive，close，cook，hear，leave，open，return，see，etc.。
(2)动词-ing所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生。
Having turned off the radio，he began to go over his lessons.＝After turning off the radio，he began to go over his lessons.
他关掉了收音机后才开始复习功课。
(3)动词-ing逻辑上的主语是动词-ing所表示动作的对象时，一般要用被动形式。
The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 松鼠很幸运，没有被抓住。
(4)如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意义，又要表达被动意义时，就用动词-ing的被动形式。
对接高考
⑩(北京卷)____________(find) the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.
发现这门课程很难，她决定转向难度低一些的课程。
Finding 解析：本句的主语为she，与find之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。
?(山东卷)____________(eat) at the cafeteria before，Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
以前在那家自助餐馆吃过饭，蒂娜不想再去那里吃了。
Having eaten 解析：句子的主语Tina与eat构成主动关系，需用doing；再根据句中的关键词before知“eat”这一动作发生在主句谓语动词“didn’t want”之前，故用doing的完成形式having done，因此本题填写having eaten。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．He glanced at her，____________(note) that though she was tiny，she seemed very well.
答案：noting
2．____________(tell) many times，he still repeated the same mistake.
答案：Having been told
3．Weather ____________(permit)，we are going to visit you tomorrow.
答案：permitting
4．The houses ____________(build) now are for the teachers.
答案：being built
5．Today all three generations regard the move as a success，____________(give) them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
答案：giving
6．I heard an English song ____________ (sing) by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.
答案：being sung
7．It is no use ____________(cry) over spilt milk.
答案：crying
8．It is worth ____________ (make) an appointment before you go.
答案：making
9．She remained ____________(stand) though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
答案：standing
10．He told us whether ____________(have) a picnic was still under discussion.
答案：having
单句改错
1．One more look and he noticed flames shoot out from under the disabled vehicle. ____________________
答案：shoot→shooting
2．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，wondered whether to stay or leave. ____________________
答案：wondered→wondering
3．(2015·湖北卷)Looked at the beef being cooked on the stove，the mother pictured the whole family having meals together. ____________________
答案：Looked→Looking
4．Judged from the number of cars，he thought there were not many people at the club. ____________________
答案：Judged→Judging
5．Think that his solution might be wrong，I carefully analyzed the problem and tried to work it out in a different way. ____________________
答案：Think→Thinking
语法与写作
1．尝起来美味又好吃，这些炸鸡很快就被卖光了。
________________________，the fried chicken was soon sold out.
答案：Tasting nice and delicious
2．看到那条大蛇，小女孩站在树下发抖。
______________________，the little girl stood under the tree trembling.
答案：Seeing the big snake
3．当听着流行乐时，她禁不住随着音乐跳起舞来。
While listening to pop music，________________________________________.
答案：she couldn’t help dancing to it
4．被告知将要下雪后，登山者决定推迟向最高峰进发的计划。
________________________ that it was going to snow，the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.
答案：Having been told
5．现在天空中比以前有更多的飞机，这些飞机能搭载更多的人。
Today there are more airplanes ______________________________________ in the skies.
答案：carrying more people than ever before
如何写好海报
文体感知
海报写作属于应用文写作。海报使用场合非常广，是一种宣传广告，其内容是提供活动信息、介绍产品或说服别人等。它包括招聘广告、活动宣传和人物介绍等。
1．海报的写作格式和内容
海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。
(1)标题
海报的标题写法较多，大体有以下形式：
①单独由文种名构成。即在第一行中间写上“海报”字样；
②直接由活动的内容承担题目，如“影讯”“球讯”等；
③可以是一些描述性的文字，如“××风采”等。
(2)正文
海报的正文要求写清楚以下内容：
①活动的目的和意义；
②活动的主要项目、时间、地点等；
③参加的具体方法及必要的注意事项等。
(3)落款
要求署上主办单位的名称及海报的发布日期。
以上的格式是就海报的整体而讲的，实际的使用中，有些内容可以少写或省略。
2．策略指导与解题技巧
(1)明确海报的类型
明确你要写的海报是招聘广告、活动宣传还是人物介绍，准确表达其应有的内容和特点。
(2)明确海报的语言特点
海报不同于其他类型的书面表达，它属于广告，要求用最短的文字包含最多的信息，以达到醒目的效果。因此海报多用省略句、缩略语及类似的语言，同学们应注意这些语言特点。
(3)突出重要信息
为进一步增强海报的醒目性，一些重要信息还常常被分行突出，并且在其前面用粗点、星号等特殊符号表示强调。
3．海报写作的注意事项
(1)海报一定要真实具体地写明活动的地点、时间及主要内容。文中可以用些鼓励性的词语，但不可夸大事实；
(2)海报文字要求简洁明了，通俗易懂，篇幅要短小精悍；
(3)海报的版式可以做些艺术性的处理，以吸引观众。
常用句式
1．招聘广告
Would you like...?
If your answer is “Yes”，we have a job for you as a(n) ...
You should...
Have...years of work experience.
Please call...if you want to...
2．活动宣传
The time: from...to...
Aim：to raise money to help poor children
3．人物介绍
Date of birth: ...Appearance: ...Career: ...
Place of birth: ...Talent(s): ...
写作要求
请依据以下信息写一份100词左右的海报。
为增强同学们的环保意识，提高同学们的英语口语水平，我校学生会经研究决定于10月15日下午2：00在学校教学楼5楼礼堂举办一场关于“要经济还是要环境”的英语辩论会。每班要选三名学生代表本班参加，参加人员名单须于9月30日以前交至学生会办公室，以班为单位奖励前五名。
参考词汇：礼堂auditorium；学生会the Students’ Union
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
应用文
话题
活动介绍
时态
一般将来时
人称
第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇热身
(1)为了 ________________
(2)环保意识 ________________
(3)决定干某事 ________________
(4)代表 ________________
(5)上交 ________________
答案：(1)in order to (2)sense of environmental protection (3)determine to do sth. (4)on behalf of
(5)hand in
2．句式预演
(1)学生会决定组织一场英语辩论会。
The Students’ Union ____________________________________an English debate.
(2)这次辩论会将于10月15日下午2：00举行。
The debate __________________________ at 2：00 p．m.on Oct.15th.
(3)每班要选三名学生代表本班参加。
Each class ought to select three students ______________________________________．
(4)参加人员名单须于9月30日前交至学生会办公室。
The list of the participants ____________________ the Students’ Union office before Sept.30th.
答案：(1)has determined to organize (2)is going to be held (3)to take part in the debate on behalf of their class (4)must be handed in to
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
The Economy or the Environment
In order to strengthen the students’ sense of environmental protection and improve their ability to speak English，the Students’ Union has determined to organize an English debate on “The Economy or the Environment”．
The debate is going to be held in the school’s auditorium on the fifth floor of the teaching building at 2：00 p．m.on Oct.15th.Each class ought to select 3 students to take part in the debate on behalf of their class.The list of the participants must be handed in to the Students’ Union office before Sept.30th.The first five classes will be awarded.
The Students’ Union
A卷
单句语法填空
1．It is said that the food supplies in that flood-stricken area have been used up and what is worse，the patience of the poor people there is ____________ (run) out.
答案：running
2．He stood up，____________ (light) a cigarette and left the room.
答案：lit
3．The recent financial crisis ____________ (take) into consideration，the boss cut back on the number of workers working for him.
答案：taken
4．At break，Mr.Connery got down to dealing with the matters ____________ (arise) from his class.
答案：arising
5．He dropped the glass，____________(break) it into pieces.
答案：breaking
6．____________ (remind) many times，he finally gave up the habit of smoking.
答案：Having been reminded
7．____________ (ignore) for a long time，the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.
答案：Having been ignored
8．All the people in the village moved away，____________(leave) it an empty village.
答案：leaving
9．Although ____________(taste) bitter，Chinese medicine can magically cure some diseases.
答案：tasting
10．The old couple often takes a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____________(follow) them.
答案：following
阅读理解
It’s cold and dark outside, and your bed is so warm and comfortable.Going for a run seems like such a bad idea.But before you hide your running shoes, it might be worth giving that crazy idea a go.
According to The Huffington Post, an outdoor run in winter, as opposed to one on a treadmill(跑步机), burns more calories because the body is working hard to regulate(调节) its core temperature.Furthermore, research shows that race times are faster in cold weather than in warmer temperatures—and quicker runs burn more calories. Similarly, cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger.
Outdoor exercise also turns up your energy and rids you of the stress and depression that build up every day.The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster, but cold weather is refreshing.It adjusts you to your surroundings, making you feel alive.
Of course, the threat of smog in some built-up areas is a further hurdle to winter exercise.Heart attacks, strokes, lung cancer and asthma are all dangers of running in smog. The combination of air pollution and exercise increases the potential problems.If you do choose to run outside on smoggy days, take a path in a park or residential area to avoid car exhaust(废气), and go early in the morning, before rush hour.But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冬季户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季户外跑步能燃烧更多的热量，让肌肉更强健，心脏更健康，但是应当避免在雾霾时进行户外活动。
1．How does cold weather benefit runners，compared with warm weather?
A．They can run more slowly.
B．They can take in more calories.
C．Their hearts can fun_ction harder.
D．Their body temperature can get lower.
C 解析：细节理解题。由题干关键词“benefit”和“compared with warm weather”可将答案定位至第二段的最后一句“Similarly...makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body，making that vital muscle even stronger”可知，与温暖的天气相比，在寒冷的天气里户外跑步能使心脏更健康，故C项正确。
2．How does summer affect runners?
A．It builds up their energy quickly.
B．It makes runners tired easily.
C．It lessens runners’ stress.
D．It causes heart attacks.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster”可知，夏季的炎热和湿气容易让跑步的人很快就感到疲劳，故B项正确。
3．What are the runners supposed to do on smoggy days?
A．Stop driving cars.
B．Do more exercise.
C．Avoid outdoor exercise.
D．Run late in the morning.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.”可知，如果有雾霾，最好待在室内，等到天气晴朗时再跑步，故C项正确。
4．What can be the best title of the text?
A．Refresh with a Winter Run
B．Take Outdoor Exercise in Summer
C．Go to Run in a Park
D．Follow the Tips to Reduce Stress
A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了冬季早晨户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季跑步能燃烧更多的热量，让肌肉更强健，心脏更健康，但是应当避免在雾霾天气进行户外活动。据此可以判断，A项最能概括文意，故A项正确。
完形填空
Watson entered Mr.Smith’s office.The boss was a(n) __1__ man.He fired people who didn’t do well without giving them a second chance.
“Watson，”said Mr.Smith，“this past year your department hasn’t earned money.We’re going to __2__ that department.It’s finished.I’m sorry—but you’ll have to __3__．”“But, sir—if I just had a little more time.For the moment I need the __4__ to keep my __5__ at Riverside School.”
“What’s that！”said the boss.“Riverside! I didn’t know you had a boy there.That’s a(n) __6__ school for a man with your salary.”
“I know, sir.But he likes it so much! He’s a star trackman and the best boxer in the school.The boys call him __7__ there.”
The boss sat perfectly __8__ for a long time—a faraway look in his eyes.Then, suddenly, he said，“We’ve got to close your department, Watson.But you’ll __9__a new job in another department.It means longer hours—maybe more __10__．Now get out.You’re here for life.”
Watson got out with __11__ in his face.Then the boss __12__ a letter from the top drawer of his desk.It was Herbie’s __13__ letter from Riverside School—written a few days before he died.He had read it over and over again.The letter __14__：
I can’t say the boys here are any __15__ than the others were.I guess it’s the same everywhere __16__ you’re a cripple(跛子)．But don’t worry about me, Dad.They’ve got a good __17__ department here.And in my class there’s one boy who is really __18__．He’s a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry.The boys call him Champ.He __19__ them stop throwing my books around.And he knocked a boy down who hit me.He is the best __20__ I ever had.Dad, when I grow up, I want to do something for Champ.Something big—that he won’t even know about.
Your son，
Herbie
【解题导语】 老板要关闭Watson所在的部门，也就是让Watson离开公司。Watson恳求老板留下他，说明了必须为儿子支付高昂学费的理由。老板听他说完后给了Watson一个薪水更高的职位，Watson很是吃惊。在Watson离开后，老板拿出了儿子写给他的最后一封信。上文的故事也就得到了最好的解释。
1．A.impolite B．hospitable
C．modest D．hard
D 解析：根据下文“He fired people who didn’t do well without giving them a second chance.”可知，老板是一个很苛刻的人。hard“苛刻的，严厉的”。
2．A.drop B．check
C．punish D．lose
A 解析：根据上文“this past year your department hasn’t earned money”和前文提到的老板的苛刻可知答案。drop＝close/give up“关闭，放弃”。
3．A.join B．present
C．go D．attend
C 解析：根据上文信息，老板很严厉，此时要关闭这个部门，所以Watson就不得不离开这个公司。
4．A.favour B．chance
C．job D．promise
C 解析：根据上文信息，老板要解雇Watson，再结合下文“I didn’t know you had a boy there.”可知，Watson想保住这份工作供他儿子上学。
5．A.star B．champ
C．son D．daughter
C 解析：参考上一题的解析。
6．A.suitable B．expensive
C．beautiful D．average
B 解析：根据史密斯惊讶的口气和下文他自己的儿子也在这所学校可知，该校费用不菲。expensive“昂贵的”。
7．A.Watson B．Champ
C．Hero D．Herbie
B 解析：根据最后的那封信中的“He’s a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry.The boys call him Champ.”可知答案。
8．A.still B．eager
C．nervous D．anxious
A 解析：根据下文的“suddenly，he said”可知，这里应该是指“老板静静地坐在那儿很长时间”。still“静止的，不动的”。
9．A.take over B．go over
C．think over D．come over
A 解析：根据后面“a new job in another department”和“You’re here for life.”可知答案。take over“接管，接手”；故选A项。
10．A.time B．attention
C．pay D．energy
C 解析：联系下文可知，史密斯之所以一反常态留用了Watson是因为他儿子的那封信。儿子在信中提到“Dad，when I grow up，I want to do something for Champ.Something big—that he won’t even know about.”这一遗愿，因此史密斯为Watson安排了一个薪水较高的职位。
11．A.smile B．care
C．pleasure D．surprise
D 解析：根据文章第一段信息可知，史密斯一向严厉，这一次对Watson却网开一面，Watson自然感到惊异。
12．A.received B．opened
C．took D．read
C 解析：老板从顶层抽屉里拿出一封信。
13．A.last B．longest
C．business D．reply
A 解析：根据后面的“...written a few days before he died”推断这是老板的儿子Herbie的最后一封信。
14．A.wrote B．spoke
C．said D．printed
C 解析：信上“写着”用read或said。
15．A.crueller B．nicer
C．poorer D．stronger
B 解析：根据下文的“I guess it’s the same everywhere...”可知，此处意思是：这里的孩子比其他地方的孩子好不到哪里去。
16．A.though B．when
C．unless D．after
B 解析：根据下文“But don’t worry about me”可知Herbie是一个残疾的孩子，此处表示Herbie认为一个跛子在哪儿受到的待遇都一样。
17．A.medicine B．chemistry
C．physics D．trade
B 解析：根据下文中“in my class there’s one boy...and just tops in chemistry”可知答案。
18．A.friendly B．helpful
C．great D．cautious
C 解析：根据下文的“He’s a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry.”以及男孩对自己的帮助可知Herbie对这个男孩崇拜之至。
19．A.forced B．persuaded
C．suggested D．made
D 解析：他不让同学们乱扔我的书。make sb.do“使某人做某事”；force/persuade sb.to do sth.“迫使/说服某人做某事”；suggest后面不能直接跟宾语和宾语补足语。
20．A.athlete B．star
C．friend D．student
C 解析：根据信的内容尤其是最后一句话可知，Herbie已经把那个男孩当成他最好的朋友了。
B卷
阅读理解
A
“We are good mothers，” I said to my friend, as we sat on our comfortable beach chairs under our beach umbrella and watched our children playing in the waves.
Out of nowhere, the children took off running.About fifty yards from us, a man—maybe in his fifties—was fishing.The children stood next to him and watched with their little mouths hanging open as he cast the fishing lines.He smiled at them.They ran back to us—all except my three-year-old daughter, Drew.
My heart beat fast with horror.“Drew! Come here! Play with your friends！”I shouted, very aware that my speeches about not talking to strangers weren’t working.It seemed that many parents heard of horrible stories about children being taken away by strangers.Responsible mothers should teach their children that the world is a dangerous place.So I felt relieved(松口气) when Drew ran towards me and took hold of a shovel(铲子)．Then she looked me in the eye：“I want to be with the person.”
Again, she approached the middle-aged man, and started digging next to him.
Several seconds later, she returned, waving something shiny.
“Look, Mommy! A toy fish！”
It was, indeed, a toy fish—yellow and rubber.This must have been what he was using to attract the fish.And he’d given it to Drew.The three other children were deeply impressed, and they didn’t try to hide how jealous they were—clearly, they all wanted the fish.
“My friend gave me that fish！”Drew shouted loudly.The sand in front of the umbrella turned into a preschool cage match with a yellow rubber fish flying through the air.I felt like I might cry myself.
Unexpectedly, there he was: the man, standing right next to us with three more rubber fish in hand.He handed them to each of the children.By their faces, you would have thought he was actually the really kind big brother.
“Thank you，”I said, realizing that there is good and kindness in strangers.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了作者和朋友带孩子们在沙滩上玩，遇到了一个好心的陌生人以及后来发生的暖心事情。
1．How did the author feel when Drew stood beside the man?
A．Relieved. B．Angry.
C．Concerned. D．Calm.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句My heart beat fast with horror.(我的心跳加快，我很害怕。)可知，作者担心Drew的处境，故选C项。
2．The author thinks good mothers should ________．
A．be around their kids
B．warn their kids of danger
C．teach their kids to behave well
D．devote themselves to helping their kids
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Responsible mothers should teach their children that the world is a dangerous place.(负责任的妈妈应该让他们的孩子知道世界是一个危险的地方。)可知应选B。
3．The author was at a loss when________．
A．Drew handed her the toy fish
B．the kids fought for the toy fish
C．the toy fish was covered with sand
D．the stranger appeared from nowhere
B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句I felt like I might cry myself.(我感觉我可能要哭了。)可知，作者的无奈和不知所措。故选B。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Give a Kid a Fish
B．We Are Good Mothers
C．The World Is Dangerous
D．Teach Kids to Be Kind
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章最后一句“Thank you，”I said, realizing that there is good and kindness in strangers.可知我意识到有好的、善良的陌生人。这个故事是由“陌生人给孩子一个玩具鱼”所引起的，可知A项符合题意。
B
To be successful in any aspect of life, you need to know when to use the carrot or the stick.Here are a few tips to help you decide whether it’s better to use the carrot or the stick.
With the kids
The carrot
When it comes to raising a kid, the carrot or the stick dilemma is quickly disappearing as too many parents take the carrot approach to the extreme.In child raising, the carrot should never be materialistic things.If you want to ask for good behavior with a reward, it should be with something that can’t be bought, say, trust.
The stick
Nowadays, no one likes to use the stick any more, or in my father’s case, the belt.I’m not overlooking child abuse, if you ever want to call it that, but I am encouraging parents to toughen up a bit.You don’t want your kid to test your limits only to find out he can get away with it.If you want to raise a kid, raise the hand and let him know it comes down on the second offense.
At the office
The carrot
People need encouragement and motivation to perform well.However, the carrot only really works well with employees who have already proved themselves.If you’ve got someone who can’t show up at the office before noon, the promise of a raise isn’t going to do much.On the contrary, if there’s a guy with a good work moral, he’ll thrive (grow stronger) when you add a promotion to the picture.
The stick
When considering the carrot or the stick in the office, remember that, overall, the stick is the more practical method in the office.A wise man, who just happened to be an Italian once said “It’s best to be both loved and feared.”It’s nice to have everyone love you，but running a business isn’t like running a family.You need to have the stick constantly raised.
With the wife
The carrot
When it comes to marriage，always use the carrot.I’ve had a lovely marriage for many years，and I’ve always stuck to the carrot approach.Sometimes you catch more flies with honey，and sometimes it’s the crack of a whip(鞭子) that gets the horse moving.Try not to use too many sticks at home；the carrot is much more fun.
【解题导语】 作者就在什么时候应该使用“胡萝卜”(即奖励)和“大棒”(即惩罚)提出了一些建议。
5．What is the best title of this passage?
A．The Carrot or the Stick?
B．The Introduction to the Carrot and the Stick
C．Tips in the Daily Life
D．The Advantages of the Carrot and the Stick
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段内容可知，本文主要讲述的是一些在什么时候应该使用“胡萝卜”(即奖励)和“大棒”(即惩罚)的建议。A项意为“胡萝卜还是大棒？”体现了本文的中心，适合用作标题。故选A。
6．In kids raising，the author prefers________．
A．the carrot approach
B．the stick approach
C．both the carrot approach and the stick approach
D．neither the carrot approach nor the stick approach
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文中的“...but I am encouraging parents to toughen up a bit.”和“If you want to raise a kid, raise the hand and let him know it comes down on the second offense.”可知，在养育孩子这方面，作者更喜欢对孩子严厉一些，使用“大棒”。故选B。
7．Which do you think is the best to be a good boss at the office?
A．Always using carrots.
B．Eating a lot of carrots.
C．Being both loved and feared.
D．Using too many sticks.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“A wise man, who just happened to be an Italian once said ‘It’s best to be both loved and feared.’”可知，作为一名称职的老板，最好能软硬兼施，既让员工喜爱又能让员工畏惧。故选C。
8．Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The author often gives more carrots to his wife to eat at home.
B．The carrot is much more fun when it comes to marriage.
C．On different occasions，the carrot or the stick is effective.
D．You need the stick to get your horses to move faster occasionally.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者所说的“胡萝卜”并不是真正的胡萝卜，而是对他人的奖励、甜言蜜语等，所以A项“在家里，作者经常给他妻子很多胡萝卜吃”是错误的。故选A。
C
The San Diego Zoo has been a lovely home for giant pandas since two of the black-and-white pandas came to visit in 1987.This week there was snow in San Diego—well，at least for a lucky group of giant pandas.
Over 15 tons of snow was blown into the San Diego Zoo’s panda area on Tuesday morning to give the endangered pandas a chance to play.They would experience the snow just like living in their natural habitat.
The snow day was a first for Xiao Liwu whose name means “ Little Gift”．He was the sixth baby panda born to Bai Yun.Xiao Liwu was jumping on Mom，playing with her and getting used to being thrown in the snow by mama panda.Jennifer Becerra，San Diego Zoo keeper said，“He was really enjoying the snow and running around.I’ve never seen him so happy.”
All the San Diego Zoo’s giant pandas are from China，as part of a long-term captive breeding(人工养殖) program.Four of Xiao Liwu’s brothers have already been moved from California to China.
Today there are 44 giant pandas living in zoos outside of China，where their only natural home is.As just 1，600 pandas are thought to be left in the wild，researchers insist that captive breeding is an important way to study and protect the endangered pandas.Not only because of the habitat loss from human activities and low reproductive rate(繁殖率)，giant pandas’ survival is also affected by climate change.A study showed that global warming could kill much of their main food，bamboo，over the next century.
9．Why was the snow blown into the San Diego Zoo’s panda area?
A．To stop the bamboos from dying.
B．To give the pandas a chance to play.
C．To help the pandas live in their natural habitat.
D．To make Xiao Liwu happy.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Over 15 tons of snow was blown into the...可知，为了给熊猫一个玩耍的机会，超过15吨的雪被吹进了圣迭戈动物园的熊猫区域。故选B。
10．What is NOT the factor that influences the giant pandas’ number?
A．The loss of habitat. B．Low reproductive rate.
C．Human research. D．Climate change.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章可知，生存环境的丧失，很低的繁殖率，气候变化是熊猫数量减少的原因。故选C。
11．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．Giant Pandas in San Diego Zoo
B．Giant Pandas in Danger
C．Xiao Liwu’s Happy Time
D．How to Protect Giant Pandas
A 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲了圣迭戈动物园的熊猫。故选A。
12．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Captive breeding is the most useful way to protect giant pandas.
B．More than 44 giant pandas live in zoos outside of China now.
C．China is the only natural home of giant pandas.
D．Xiao Liwu was afraid of being thrown in the snow by mama.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的Today there are 44 giant pandas living in zoos outside of China，where their only natural home is.可知，中国是大熊猫唯一的自然栖息地。故选C。
书面表达
假如你是李华，已于今年7月从新兴外语学校毕业，你从报纸上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信，包括以下要点：
1．年龄；
2．学习情况及英语水平；
3．兴趣和特长；
4．性格特点。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam，
I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear_Sir/Madam，
I_learned_from_the_newspaper_that_your_company_needs_an_English_secretary.I’m really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.
I’m 18 years old and graduated from Xinxing Foreign Language School this July.I’m an excellent student，among the top 5 in my class of 50 students.I’m good at English，especially spoken English.I often use the computer and I type very fast.In my spare time，I read a lot.Poems are my favorite.I enjoy music very much too.Being an active young person，I like sports and outdoor activities.Besides，I’m easy to get along with and I like to make friends.
I’m_looking_forward_to_your_reply.
Sincerely_yours，
Li_Hua
课件56张PPT。Unit 2 The environment本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
单句语法填空
1．It is said that the food supplies in that flood-stricken area have been used up and what is worse，the patience of the poor people there is ____________ (run) out.
答案：running
2．He stood up，____________ (light) a cigarette and left the room.
答案：lit
3．The recent financial crisis ____________ (take) into consideration，the boss cut back on the number of workers working for him.
答案：taken
4．At break，Mr.Connery got down to dealing with the matters ____________ (arise) from his class.
答案：arising
5．He dropped the glass，____________(break) it into pieces.
答案：breaking
6．____________ (remind) many times，he finally gave up the habit of smoking.
答案：Having been reminded
7．____________ (ignore) for a long time，the boy sitting at the back felt bored and went out.
答案：Having been ignored
8．All the people in the village moved away，____________(leave) it an empty village.
答案：leaving
9．Although ____________(taste) bitter，Chinese medicine can magically cure some diseases.
答案：tasting
10．The old couple often takes a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____________(follow) them.
答案：following
阅读理解
It’s cold and dark outside, and your bed is so warm and comfortable.Going for a run seems like such a bad idea.But before you hide your running shoes, it might be worth giving that crazy idea a go.
According to The Huffington Post, an outdoor run in winter, as opposed to one on a treadmill(跑步机), burns more calories because the body is working hard to regulate(调节) its core temperature.Furthermore, research shows that race times are faster in cold weather than in warmer temperatures—and quicker runs burn more calories. Similarly, cold weather also makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body, making that vital muscle even stronger.
Outdoor exercise also turns up your energy and rids you of the stress and depression that build up every day.The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster, but cold weather is refreshing.It adjusts you to your surroundings, making you feel alive.
Of course, the threat of smog in some built-up areas is a further hurdle to winter exercise.Heart attacks, strokes, lung cancer and asthma are all dangers of running in smog. The combination of air pollution and exercise increases the potential problems.If you do choose to run outside on smoggy days, take a path in a park or residential area to avoid car exhaust(废气), and go early in the morning, before rush hour.But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冬季户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季户外跑步能燃烧更多的热量，让肌肉更强健，心脏更健康，但是应当避免在雾霾时进行户外活动。
1．How does cold weather benefit runners，compared with warm weather?
A．They can run more slowly.
B．They can take in more calories.
C．Their hearts can fun_ction harder.
D．Their body temperature can get lower.
C 解析：细节理解题。由题干关键词“benefit”和“compared with warm weather”可将答案定位至第二段的最后一句“Similarly...makes the heart work harder to distribute blood through the body，making that vital muscle even stronger”可知，与温暖的天气相比，在寒冷的天气里户外跑步能使心脏更健康，故C项正确。
2．How does summer affect runners?
A．It builds up their energy quickly.
B．It makes runners tired easily.
C．It lessens runners’ stress.
D．It causes heart attacks.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“The heat and humidity in summer can drag you down and tire you faster”可知，夏季的炎热和湿气容易让跑步的人很快就感到疲劳，故B项正确。
3．What are the runners supposed to do on smoggy days?
A．Stop driving cars.
B．Do more exercise.
C．Avoid outdoor exercise.
D．Run late in the morning.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句“But staying inside on smoggy days and waiting for the next clear day to run is best.”可知，如果有雾霾，最好待在室内，等到天气晴朗时再跑步，故C项正确。
4．What can be the best title of the text?
A．Refresh with a Winter Run
B．Take Outdoor Exercise in Summer
C．Go to Run in a Park
D．Follow the Tips to Reduce Stress
A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了冬季早晨户外跑步的意义和方法。冬季跑步能燃烧更多的热量，让肌肉更强健，心脏更健康，但是应当避免在雾霾天气进行户外活动。据此可以判断，A项最能概括文意，故A项正确。
完形填空
Watson entered Mr.Smith’s office.The boss was a(n) __1__ man.He fired people who didn’t do well without giving them a second chance.
“Watson，”said Mr.Smith，“this past year your department hasn’t earned money.We’re going to __2__ that department.It’s finished.I’m sorry—but you’ll have to __3__．”“But, sir—if I just had a little more time.For the moment I need the __4__ to keep my __5__ at Riverside School.”
“What’s that！”said the boss.“Riverside! I didn’t know you had a boy there.That’s a(n) __6__ school for a man with your salary.”
“I know, sir.But he likes it so much! He’s a star trackman and the best boxer in the school.The boys call him __7__ there.”
The boss sat perfectly __8__ for a long time—a faraway look in his eyes.Then, suddenly, he said，“We’ve got to close your department, Watson.But you’ll __9__a new job in another department.It means longer hours—maybe more __10__．Now get out.You’re here for life.”
Watson got out with __11__ in his face.Then the boss __12__ a letter from the top drawer of his desk.It was Herbie’s __13__ letter from Riverside School—written a few days before he died.He had read it over and over again.The letter __14__：
I can’t say the boys here are any __15__ than the others were.I guess it’s the same everywhere __16__ you’re a cripple(跛子)．But don’t worry about me, Dad.They’ve got a good __17__ department here.And in my class there’s one boy who is really __18__．He’s a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry.The boys call him Champ.He __19__ them stop throwing my books around.And he knocked a boy down who hit me.He is the best __20__ I ever had.Dad, when I grow up, I want to do something for Champ.Something big—that he won’t even know about.
Your son，
Herbie
【解题导语】 老板要关闭Watson所在的部门，也就是让Watson离开公司。Watson恳求老板留下他，说明了必须为儿子支付高昂学费的理由。老板听他说完后给了Watson一个薪水更高的职位，Watson很是吃惊。在Watson离开后，老板拿出了儿子写给他的最后一封信。上文的故事也就得到了最好的解释。
1．A.impolite B．hospitable
C．modest D．hard
D 解析：根据下文“He fired people who didn’t do well without giving them a second chance.”可知，老板是一个很苛刻的人。hard“苛刻的，严厉的”。
2．A.drop B．check
C．punish D．lose
A 解析：根据上文“this past year your department hasn’t earned money”和前文提到的老板的苛刻可知答案。drop＝close/give up“关闭，放弃”。
3．A.join B．present
C．go D．attend
C 解析：根据上文信息，老板很严厉，此时要关闭这个部门，所以Watson就不得不离开这个公司。
4．A.favour B．chance
C．job D．promise
C 解析：根据上文信息，老板要解雇Watson，再结合下文“I didn’t know you had a boy there.”可知，Watson想保住这份工作供他儿子上学。
5．A.star B．champ
C．son D．daughter
C 解析：参考上一题的解析。
6．A.suitable B．expensive
C．beautiful D．average
B 解析：根据史密斯惊讶的口气和下文他自己的儿子也在这所学校可知，该校费用不菲。expensive“昂贵的”。
7．A.Watson B．Champ
C．Hero D．Herbie
B 解析：根据最后的那封信中的“He’s a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry.The boys call him Champ.”可知答案。
8．A.still B．eager
C．nervous D．anxious
A 解析：根据下文的“suddenly，he said”可知，这里应该是指“老板静静地坐在那儿很长时间”。still“静止的，不动的”。
9．A.take over B．go over
C．think over D．come over
A 解析：根据后面“a new job in another department”和“You’re here for life.”可知答案。take over“接管，接手”；故选A项。
10．A.time B．attention
C．pay D．energy
C 解析：联系下文可知，史密斯之所以一反常态留用了Watson是因为他儿子的那封信。儿子在信中提到“Dad，when I grow up，I want to do something for Champ.Something big—that he won’t even know about.”这一遗愿，因此史密斯为Watson安排了一个薪水较高的职位。
11．A.smile B．care
C．pleasure D．surprise
D 解析：根据文章第一段信息可知，史密斯一向严厉，这一次对Watson却网开一面，Watson自然感到惊异。
12．A.received B．opened
C．took D．read
C 解析：老板从顶层抽屉里拿出一封信。
13．A.last B．longest
C．business D．reply
A 解析：根据后面的“...written a few days before he died”推断这是老板的儿子Herbie的最后一封信。
14．A.wrote B．spoke
C．said D．printed
C 解析：信上“写着”用read或said。
15．A.crueller B．nicer
C．poorer D．stronger
B 解析：根据下文的“I guess it’s the same everywhere...”可知，此处意思是：这里的孩子比其他地方的孩子好不到哪里去。
16．A.though B．when
C．unless D．after
B 解析：根据下文“But don’t worry about me”可知Herbie是一个残疾的孩子，此处表示Herbie认为一个跛子在哪儿受到的待遇都一样。
17．A.medicine B．chemistry
C．physics D．trade
B 解析：根据下文中“in my class there’s one boy...and just tops in chemistry”可知答案。
18．A.friendly B．helpful
C．great D．cautious
C 解析：根据下文的“He’s a track star and boxing champ and just tops in chemistry.”以及男孩对自己的帮助可知Herbie对这个男孩崇拜之至。
19．A.forced B．persuaded
C．suggested D．made
D 解析：他不让同学们乱扔我的书。make sb.do“使某人做某事”；force/persuade sb.to do sth.“迫使/说服某人做某事”；suggest后面不能直接跟宾语和宾语补足语。
20．A.athlete B．star
C．friend D．student
C 解析：根据信的内容尤其是最后一句话可知，Herbie已经把那个男孩当成他最好的朋友了。
B卷
阅读理解
A
“We are good mothers，” I said to my friend, as we sat on our comfortable beach chairs under our beach umbrella and watched our children playing in the waves.
Out of nowhere, the children took off running.About fifty yards from us, a man—maybe in his fifties—was fishing.The children stood next to him and watched with their little mouths hanging open as he cast the fishing lines.He smiled at them.They ran back to us—all except my three-year-old daughter, Drew.
My heart beat fast with horror.“Drew! Come here! Play with your friends！”I shouted, very aware that my speeches about not talking to strangers weren’t working.It seemed that many parents heard of horrible stories about children being taken away by strangers.Responsible mothers should teach their children that the world is a dangerous place.So I felt relieved(松口气) when Drew ran towards me and took hold of a shovel(铲子)．Then she looked me in the eye：“I want to be with the person.”
Again, she approached the middle-aged man, and started digging next to him.
Several seconds later, she returned, waving something shiny.
“Look, Mommy! A toy fish！”
It was, indeed, a toy fish—yellow and rubber.This must have been what he was using to attract the fish.And he’d given it to Drew.The three other children were deeply impressed, and they didn’t try to hide how jealous they were—clearly, they all wanted the fish.
“My friend gave me that fish！”Drew shouted loudly.The sand in front of the umbrella turned into a preschool cage match with a yellow rubber fish flying through the air.I felt like I might cry myself.
Unexpectedly, there he was: the man, standing right next to us with three more rubber fish in hand.He handed them to each of the children.By their faces, you would have thought he was actually the really kind big brother.
“Thank you，”I said, realizing that there is good and kindness in strangers.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了作者和朋友带孩子们在沙滩上玩，遇到了一个好心的陌生人以及后来发生的暖心事情。
1．How did the author feel when Drew stood beside the man?
A．Relieved. B．Angry.
C．Concerned. D．Calm.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句My heart beat fast with horror.(我的心跳加快，我很害怕。)可知，作者担心Drew的处境，故选C项。
2．The author thinks good mothers should ________．
A．be around their kids
B．warn their kids of danger
C．teach their kids to behave well
D．devote themselves to helping their kids
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Responsible mothers should teach their children that the world is a dangerous place.(负责任的妈妈应该让他们的孩子知道世界是一个危险的地方。)可知应选B。
3．The author was at a loss when________．
A．Drew handed her the toy fish
B．the kids fought for the toy fish
C．the toy fish was covered with sand
D．the stranger appeared from nowhere
B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句I felt like I might cry myself.(我感觉我可能要哭了。)可知，作者的无奈和不知所措。故选B。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Give a Kid a Fish
B．We Are Good Mothers
C．The World Is Dangerous
D．Teach Kids to Be Kind
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章最后一句“Thank you，”I said, realizing that there is good and kindness in strangers.可知我意识到有好的、善良的陌生人。这个故事是由“陌生人给孩子一个玩具鱼”所引起的，可知A项符合题意。
B
To be successful in any aspect of life, you need to know when to use the carrot or the stick.Here are a few tips to help you decide whether it’s better to use the carrot or the stick.
With the kids
The carrot
When it comes to raising a kid, the carrot or the stick dilemma is quickly disappearing as too many parents take the carrot approach to the extreme.In child raising, the carrot should never be materialistic things.If you want to ask for good behavior with a reward, it should be with something that can’t be bought, say, trust.
The stick
Nowadays, no one likes to use the stick any more, or in my father’s case, the belt.I’m not overlooking child abuse, if you ever want to call it that, but I am encouraging parents to toughen up a bit.You don’t want your kid to test your limits only to find out he can get away with it.If you want to raise a kid, raise the hand and let him know it comes down on the second offense.
At the office
The carrot
People need encouragement and motivation to perform well.However, the carrot only really works well with employees who have already proved themselves.If you’ve got someone who can’t show up at the office before noon, the promise of a raise isn’t going to do much.On the contrary, if there’s a guy with a good work moral, he’ll thrive (grow stronger) when you add a promotion to the picture.
The stick
When considering the carrot or the stick in the office, remember that, overall, the stick is the more practical method in the office.A wise man, who just happened to be an Italian once said “It’s best to be both loved and feared.”It’s nice to have everyone love you，but running a business isn’t like running a family.You need to have the stick constantly raised.
With the wife
The carrot
When it comes to marriage，always use the carrot.I’ve had a lovely marriage for many years，and I’ve always stuck to the carrot approach.Sometimes you catch more flies with honey，and sometimes it’s the crack of a whip(鞭子) that gets the horse moving.Try not to use too many sticks at home；the carrot is much more fun.
【解题导语】 作者就在什么时候应该使用“胡萝卜”(即奖励)和“大棒”(即惩罚)提出了一些建议。
5．What is the best title of this passage?
A．The Carrot or the Stick?
B．The Introduction to the Carrot and the Stick
C．Tips in the Daily Life
D．The Advantages of the Carrot and the Stick
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段内容可知，本文主要讲述的是一些在什么时候应该使用“胡萝卜”(即奖励)和“大棒”(即惩罚)的建议。A项意为“胡萝卜还是大棒？”体现了本文的中心，适合用作标题。故选A。
6．In kids raising，the author prefers________．
A．the carrot approach
B．the stick approach
C．both the carrot approach and the stick approach
D．neither the carrot approach nor the stick approach
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文中的“...but I am encouraging parents to toughen up a bit.”和“If you want to raise a kid, raise the hand and let him know it comes down on the second offense.”可知，在养育孩子这方面，作者更喜欢对孩子严厉一些，使用“大棒”。故选B。
7．Which do you think is the best to be a good boss at the office?
A．Always using carrots.
B．Eating a lot of carrots.
C．Being both loved and feared.
D．Using too many sticks.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文中的“A wise man, who just happened to be an Italian once said ‘It’s best to be both loved and feared.’”可知，作为一名称职的老板，最好能软硬兼施，既让员工喜爱又能让员工畏惧。故选C。
8．Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The author often gives more carrots to his wife to eat at home.
B．The carrot is much more fun when it comes to marriage.
C．On different occasions，the carrot or the stick is effective.
D．You need the stick to get your horses to move faster occasionally.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者所说的“胡萝卜”并不是真正的胡萝卜，而是对他人的奖励、甜言蜜语等，所以A项“在家里，作者经常给他妻子很多胡萝卜吃”是错误的。故选A。
C
The San Diego Zoo has been a lovely home for giant pandas since two of the black-and-white pandas came to visit in 1987.This week there was snow in San Diego—well，at least for a lucky group of giant pandas.
Over 15 tons of snow was blown into the San Diego Zoo’s panda area on Tuesday morning to give the endangered pandas a chance to play.They would experience the snow just like living in their natural habitat.
The snow day was a first for Xiao Liwu whose name means “ Little Gift”．He was the sixth baby panda born to Bai Yun.Xiao Liwu was jumping on Mom，playing with her and getting used to being thrown in the snow by mama panda.Jennifer Becerra，San Diego Zoo keeper said，“He was really enjoying the snow and running around.I’ve never seen him so happy.”
All the San Diego Zoo’s giant pandas are from China，as part of a long-term captive breeding(人工养殖) program.Four of Xiao Liwu’s brothers have already been moved from California to China.
Today there are 44 giant pandas living in zoos outside of China，where their only natural home is.As just 1，600 pandas are thought to be left in the wild，researchers insist that captive breeding is an important way to study and protect the endangered pandas.Not only because of the habitat loss from human activities and low reproductive rate(繁殖率)，giant pandas’ survival is also affected by climate change.A study showed that global warming could kill much of their main food，bamboo，over the next century.
9．Why was the snow blown into the San Diego Zoo’s panda area?
A．To stop the bamboos from dying.
B．To give the pandas a chance to play.
C．To help the pandas live in their natural habitat.
D．To make Xiao Liwu happy.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Over 15 tons of snow was blown into the...可知，为了给熊猫一个玩耍的机会，超过15吨的雪被吹进了圣迭戈动物园的熊猫区域。故选B。
10．What is NOT the factor that influences the giant pandas’ number?
A．The loss of habitat. B．Low reproductive rate.
C．Human research. D．Climate change.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章可知，生存环境的丧失，很低的繁殖率，气候变化是熊猫数量减少的原因。故选C。
11．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．Giant Pandas in San Diego Zoo
B．Giant Pandas in Danger
C．Xiao Liwu’s Happy Time
D．How to Protect Giant Pandas
A 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲了圣迭戈动物园的熊猫。故选A。
12．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Captive breeding is the most useful way to protect giant pandas.
B．More than 44 giant pandas live in zoos outside of China now.
C．China is the only natural home of giant pandas.
D．Xiao Liwu was afraid of being thrown in the snow by mama.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的Today there are 44 giant pandas living in zoos outside of China，where their only natural home is.可知，中国是大熊猫唯一的自然栖息地。故选C。
书面表达
假如你是李华，已于今年7月从新兴外语学校毕业，你从报纸上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信，包括以下要点：
1．年龄；
2．学习情况及英语水平；
3．兴趣和特长；
4．性格特点。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam，
I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear_Sir/Madam，
I_learned_from_the_newspaper_that_your_company_needs_an_English_secretary.I’m really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.
I’m 18 years old and graduated from Xinxing Foreign Language School this July.I’m an excellent student，among the top 5 in my class of 50 students.I’m good at English，especially spoken English.I often use the computer and I type very fast.In my spare time，I read a lot.Poems are my favorite.I enjoy music very much too.Being an active young person，I like sports and outdoor activities.Besides，I’m easy to get along with and I like to make friends.
I’m_looking_forward_to_your_reply.
Sincerely_yours，
Li_Hua
重点单词
1．consultant n． 顾问
consult vt. 查阅；咨询；请教
2．debate n．&vi. 辩论；争论，讨论
debate with sb.about sth. 和某人就某事辩论
debate about/on 就……辩论
3．flow vi. 流，流动；流畅地进行
n. 流动；连贯
4．production n. 产量；生产
produce vt. 生产；制造
5．recycle vt.&vi. 回收利用
【构词】 动词前缀re-：回复，反对，隐秘，相反，重新；常见词：react反应 retell复述
6．greedy adj. 贪婪的，贪心的
greed n. 贪婪；贪心
7．responsibility n. 责任，职责
responsible adj. 有责任的；负责的
8．belief n. 看法；信念
believe vt. 相信； 认为； 信任
believe in 相信
believe it or not 信不信由你
9．environmental adj. 环境的
environment n. 环境
10．operate vt.&vi. 经营；动手术
operation n. 手术
【构词】 名词后缀-(t)ion：……的行为/动作；常见词：action行为 collection收集 creation创造
11．credit n. 赞扬，称赞，认可；
信用，信誉；学分
12．quantity n. 数量
13．arrival n. 到来，抵达；到达者
arrive vi. 到达
14．arrest vt.&n. 逮捕
15．illegally adv. 非法地
illegal adj. 违法的，非法的
legal adj. 合法的
16．customs n． 海关；关税
17．impress vt. 使印象深刻
(1)be impressed with 对……印象深刻
(2)impression n. 印象
make/leave a(n) ...impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象
(3)impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
18．conflict vi. 冲突，抵触
n. 冲突；矛盾
19．decrease vt.&vi. 减少
n. 减少
(1)on the decrease 在减少
(2)increase by 增加了……
increase to 增加到……
20．measure n. 措施， 方法；尺度
vt. 测量；估量，判定
(1)measure...by... 用……来衡量……
(2)take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make...to one’s measure 按某人的尺寸订做……
21．flood n. 洪水；大批，大量
vt.&vi. 泛滥；淹没；大量涌入
22．range n. 范围；一系列；山脉
vi. (在一定范围内)变化；
包括；排列，排序
(1)range from...to...＝range between...and...
在……范围内变动
(2)a range of 一系列……
in/within range (of sth.) 在……范围内
out of range (of sth.) 在……范围外
23．appreciate vt. 欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会
appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
24．consume vt. 消耗，耗费；消费
25．absorb vt. 吸收；理解；使全神贯注
26．decade n. 十年
重点短语
1．open_the_floor 自由发言
2．result_in 导致
3．cut_back_on 减少，缩减，削减
4．at_the_same_time 同时；然而，可是
5．be_concerned_about 对……关心
6．ask_around 四处打听；多方询问
7．cut_down 砍倒，削减
8．use_up 用尽
9．run_out_(of) 用完，耗尽
10．as_long_as 只要
11．clean_up 打扫(或清除)干净
12．queue_up 排队等候
13．pick_out 找出， 挑选
14．rely_on 依靠，依赖
15．deal_with 应付，处理
16．under_way 进行中
17．in/with_regard_to 关于，至于
18．let_off 排放
19．in_particular 尤其，特别
20．do_one’s_part 尽自己的职责
重点句型
1．现在分词短语作结果状语
Other types of waste flow into our water，killing river and sea life.
【仿写】 发生在这个城市的爆炸事故致使许多人死伤。
An explosion occurred in this city, causing_many_people_killed_or_injured．
2．倍数＋what引导的名词性从句
The world’s population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.
【仿写】 我们学校现在的学生数量是十年前的三倍多。
The number of the students in our school now is more_than_three_times_what_it_was_ten_years_ago．
3．It’s clear that...很显然……
It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.
【仿写】 很明显，他们非常想知道这件事。
It_was_clear_that they were dying to know it.
4．nor位于句首引导部分倒装
This is not good news for the people who rely on the Yangtze River for water.Nor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.
【仿写】 他没有做，也没尝试一下。
He does not do it，nor_does_he_try．
5．There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.
【仿写】 毫无疑问，中国在探索太空方面已经取得了巨大进步。
There_is_no_doubt_that China has made great progress in space exploration.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．随着气候的变化和经济的发展，环境变得越来越糟。(climate; economy)
2．到了我们采取措施来保护环境的时候了。(take measures to)
3．每个人都应该负起责任来。(responsibility)
4．在家我们应该尽可能地少消耗能源。(consume)
5．离开家时关灯。(turn off)
6．另外，外出时，不开车，乘公交或骑自行车。
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One possible version：
With the changing climate and the development of economy，the environment is getting worse and worse.It’s time that we took measures to protect it.Every one of us should take the responsibility.At home，we should consume as little energy as possible.Turn off the lights when leaving.In addition，when going out，instead of driving a car，take a bus or cycle.
课件24张PPT。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
