学习语言不仅要学习语言本身， 很重要的一个方面是要理解讲这种语言的国家的文化和风俗， 那么美国的一些常见的问候方式有哪些呢？ 让我们了解一下吧！
The culture of America has been shaped by a variety of forces and by the cultures of a great many countries and regions around the world.
While America is very diverse, there are still some key qualities shared by nearly all Americans.If you follow these tips you should be able to better understand Americans and better enjoy your stay in America.
Americans do not like people that they do not know being too physically close to them.When out in public places, imagine that there is a 1 to 1.5 meter circle drawn around you that follows you wherever you go—that is the minimum(最少的) personal space you should give people around you.Only close friends and family members are allowed to get closer.
Americans greet everyone, even people they do not know.If someone says “hello” or “hi” to you, you
are expected to return the greeting.It is considered very rude if you do not return someone’s greeting.When you greet someone formally, extend(伸出) your hand for a handshake.Do not kiss people’s cheeks or touch cheek to cheek.Maintain(保持) reasonable personal space and shake hands only.
If you briefly meet someone on the street who you’ve met more than once, they may follow up their greeting with a question like：“How are you? ” or “How’s it going？” When people ask this they do not really want to know how you are doing, what you are expected to say is something like “I’m fine, thanks.” or “I’m good, how are you？”
Americans love to talk and generally it is OK to talk even to strangers about nearly any subject at any time as long as you are polite.However there are some subjects, like racism, American foreign policy, gun ownership, and religion that are best discussed among friends.
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
1．hug vt.& vi.& n． 拥抱， 抱紧
2．wedding n. 婚礼
3．ensure vt. 保证， 担保， 确保
4．reception n. 招待会； 接待； 接受
5．prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止
6．throughout prep.& adv. 自始至终； 贯穿整个时期； 各处， 遍及
7．offence n. 冒犯； 侮辱
8．alike adj. 相像， 十分相似
adv. 十分相像地； 同样地
9．familiar adj. 通晓； 熟悉
10．greet vt.和某人打招呼(或问好)→greeting n．问候；打招呼
11．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺， 祝贺 →congratulation n．祝贺；恭喜
12．permit vt.&vi.允许， 准许 n．许可证→permission n．许可；允许；同意
13．adjust vi.& vt.适应， 习惯； 调整，调节→adjustable adj.可调整的→adjustment n．调整；调节
14．accustomed adj.习惯于； 惯常的 →accustom vt.使习惯
15．celebration n．庆典； 庆祝活动→celebrate v．庆祝；庆贺；颂扬
1. be__supposed__to__do__sth. 应该做某事
2. drive__away 赶走； 离开
3. cause__offence 冒犯
4. adjust__to__doing 适应做
5. have__trouble/difficulty__(in)__doing__sth.
做某事有困难
6. get__accustomed__to__doing__sth. 习惯于做某事
7. be__familiar__with 对……熟悉
8. gather__around/round 聚拢在一起
9. be__similar__to 与……相似
10. do__without 没有……也能对付
1．what引导表语从句
Well, it’s what__we__do__in__the__West．
嗯， 我们在西方就是这么做的。
2．it作形式主语
It’s__rude__not__to__open__a__present when someone gives you one.
当有人送你一件礼物时， 不打开是不礼貌的。
3．v.-ing形式作宾语补足语
It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying__to__adjust__to__doing__that．
看新来的外教努力适应那样做很有趣。
4．even though引导让步状语从句
Even__though__we__share__the__same__language —with different accents, of course—our customs are not always alike.
尽管我们拥有共同的语言——当然有着不同的口音——我们的风俗却不总是相似。
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．People from UK and USA usually have different attitudes towards receiving presents.
B．In the west, it is impolite to open a present when someone gives you one.
C．In Brunei it is polite to point to someone with one’s first finger.
D．A wedding in Korea is different from one in the UK.
2．The Bruneians intend to ________．
A．provide alcohol and soft drinks at the wedding reception
B．give guests presents as a souvenir
C．see the people’s reaction when giving presents to them
D．hold an exciting and unique wedding ceremony
3．We can infer from the conversation that we should learn and ________ wherever we go in order to avoid cultural misunderstanding.
A．do as we are told to B．do as we like
C．do as the local people do D．take off our shoes
4．From the passage, we know that ________．
A．there is no cultural difference between native English speakers
B．people point with their first finger in many countries
C．in Brunei, at wedding receptions men and women may sit in separate areas
D．people in Brunei take off shoes before going outside a house
答案：1－4.DDCB
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Waled, why don’t you tell her about the British teacher who opened the present as soon as he received it at the end-of-term ceremony?
Waled, why don’t you tell her about the British teacher 是主干句； who opened the present是________从句； as soon as he received it at the end-of-term ceremony是____________从句。
[尝试翻译] 瓦利德， 你为什么不给她讲一讲那位英国老师在期末典礼上______________________________ ?
答案：定语；时间状语；一收到礼物就打开的事呢
2．During the ceremony, the hen laid an egg, and everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very lucky.
本句是一个由并列连词and连接的并列句， 在第一个分句中， During the ceremony是________状语； 在第二个分句everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very lucky中， because it was considered very lucky是由because引导的____________从句。
[尝试翻译] 在婚礼期间， 那只母鸡下了一只蛋，所有的人都向这对新人祝贺，____________________________。
答案：时间；原因状语；因为这被认为是非常幸运的
Cultural differences
Ma Li：Hi, everyone.My name’s Ma Li.I need some help with my homework—it’s about cultural differences.Can I sit down and talk to you?
Waled：Hi, Ma Li, I’m Waled from Brunei①.
Peter：And I’m peter, from the UK.Nice to meet you.②
Ma Li: Nice to meet you, too.Can you tell me about some cultural differences③you have found④？
Peter：Waled，why don’t you⑤tell her about the British teacher who opened the present as soon as he received it⑥at the end-of-term⑦ceremony⑧？
Ma Li: Oh，I already know about that one.My American friend Jack did the same thing.
Peter: Well, it’s what we do in the West⑨.It’s rude not to open a present⑩when someone gives you one.We like to see how the person reacts?.We think it’s strange not to open it?！ What would be another cultural difference...let me think.Well, I once went to an acquaintance’s?wedding?in Korea?and I was very surprised.
①Brunei['bru?nɑI]n.文莱
②Nice to meet you.用于见面开始时。
见面结束时要说“Nice meeting you.”。
③tell sb.about sth.告诉某人有关某事
④you have found 是省略了关系代词 that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词 some cultural differences。
⑤why don’t you...为提建议的句型，相当于“why not do sth.”？
⑥as soon as 引导时间状语从句。
⑦end-of-term n．学期末，作定语，修饰 ceremony。
⑧ceremony n．仪式，典礼
⑨what 引导表语从句。
⑩it 作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。
?react v．作出反应，回应 react with 与……起化学反应 react to 对……作出反应
?it 指代not to open it 作 think 宾语从句的形式主语。
?acquaintance n．泛泛之交；熟人
make one’s acquaintance(正式)结识某人，认识某人
on first acquaintance(正式)初次见面时
?wedding['wedI?]n.婚礼
?Korea[k?'rI?]n.韩国；朝鲜
文化差异
马莉：嗨，大家好，我叫马莉。我需要一些帮助来完成我的家庭作业——它是有关文化差异的。我能坐下来跟你们聊一 聊吗？
瓦利德：嗨，马莉，我是来自文莱的瓦利德。
彼得：我是彼得，来自英国，见到你们很高兴。
马莉：见到你们我也很高兴。你们能给我讲讲你们已发现的一些文化差异吗？
彼得：瓦利德，你为什么不给她讲一讲那位英国老师在期末典礼上一收到礼物就打开的事呢？
马莉：噢，那件事我已经知道了。我的美国朋友杰克也那样做过。
彼得：嗯，我们在西方就是这么做的。当有人送你一件礼物时，不打开是不礼貌的。我们喜欢看那个人的反应。我们觉得不打开礼物的做法很奇怪！还有什么文化差异呢？……让我想一想。嗯，有一次我去参加一位熟人在韩国的婚礼，我就很吃惊。
Ma Li：Why was that?
Peter：Well, they had a live?hen and a rooster?as?a part of the wedding ceremony?.
Ma Li：Live chickens?
Peter：Yes.Roosters are supposed to?drive bad spirits away fromthe wedding ceremony, and hens are thoughtto ensuregood luck forthe marriage.During the ceremony，the hen laidan egg, and everyone congratulatedthe new couple because it was consideredvery lucky.
?live adj.活的
?rooster['ru?st?(r)]n.公鸡
?have...as...把……当作……
?wedding ceremony 结婚典礼
?be supposed to...被认为是……
drive...away from...把……从……驱走
be thought to do sth.被认为做某事
ensure[In'???(r)]vt.保证，担保，确保
good luck for...对……来说是好运的
laid 是 lay 的过去式。
congratulate[k?n'ɡr?t??leIt]vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺
be considered (to be...)被认为(是……)
马莉：那是为什么呢？
彼得：嗯，他们把一只活母鸡和一只活公鸡作为婚礼仪式的一部分。
马莉：活鸡？
彼得：是的，公鸡被认为能够把坏运气从婚礼上赶走，而母鸡则被认为能确保给婚姻带来好运。在婚礼期间，那只母鸡下了一只蛋，所有的人都向这对新人祝贺，因为这被认为是非常幸运的。
Waled：That’s interesting! In Brunei，at wedding receptions men and women have to sit in separateareas—the men with the bridegroom，and the women with the bride.Another difference is that while we serve food, soft drinks, tea and coffee， alcohol is not permittedat the wedding reception—in fact，alcohol is altogether prohibitedin Brunei.And you probably wouldn’t get much sleep if you lived near where a wedding reception was being held.That’s becausewe play loud drums to celebrate the wedding for hours afterwards, and sometimes even throughoutthe night!
Peter：Throughout the night?
Waled：Yeah, people get used to it.
Ma Li：So what other things do you do in your country that are different from other countries，Waled?
Waled：Well, you know in many countries people point with their first finger.However, in Brunei that can cause offence， so we use our thumbto point.It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.Another thing is, if you came to Brunei, you would have to take off your shoes before going into someone’s house.Many foreigners have trouble gettingaccustomedto it.
reception[rI'sep?n]n.招待会；接待；接受
separate adj.分开的，不同的vt.分开
bridegroom['braIdɡru?m]n.新郎
bride[braId]n.新娘
that 引导表语从句；while 在从句中引导让步状语从句。
permit[p?'mIt]vt.& vi.允许，准许 ['p??mIt]n.许可证
prohibit[pr?'hIbIt]vt.(尤指以法令)禁止
where 引导名词性从句，作介词near的宾语。
That’s because...那是因为……，because 引导表语从句。
throughout[θru?'a?t]prep.& adv.自始至终；贯穿整个时期；各处，遍及
get used to...习惯于……(to 是介词)。
offence[?'fens]n.冒犯；侮辱
thumb[θ?m]n.拇指
adjust[?'d??st]vi.& vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节
adjust oneself to...使某人自己适应……
it作形式主语，动名词短语watching...作真正的主语；句中又含“watch＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
if 引导的条件句表示与现在事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去式，主句的谓语部分用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
accustomed[?'k?st?md]adj.习惯于；惯常的
get accustomed to 习惯于(to 为介词)
瓦利德：那真有意思！在文莱的婚宴上男女必须得坐在不同的区域——男士和新郎坐在一起，女士和新娘坐在一起。另外一个区别是我们虽然供应食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡，但是在婚宴上不许饮酒——事实上，在文莱白酒是完全被禁止的。而且如果你住在婚礼举办地附近，你很有可能睡不了多少觉。那是因为婚宴之后我们连续好几个小时击鼓庆祝婚礼，有时候甚至通宵！
彼得：通宵？
瓦利德：是的，人们对它习惯了。
马莉：瓦利德，那么你们国家还有什么事情的做法和别的国家不一样呢？
瓦利德：嗯，你知道，在很多国家人们用食指来指东西。然而，在文莱，那样会引起冒犯，所以我们用大拇指来指东西。看新来的外教努力适应那样做很有趣。还有就是，如果你来到文莱，你进别人的房子之前必须得脱鞋。许多外国人很难适应这种做法。
Peter：But what is really interestingis that there are some-times great cultural differences even between native English speakers.I am always amazed athow Americans are so different from us Brits.Even thoughwe share the same language—with different accents, of course—our customs are not always alike.
Ma Li：Really?
Peter：Yes.For example，I have fond childhood memories of BonfireNight，but my American friends are not familiarwith that particular festival.
Ma Li：Well, I’m not familiar with it either.
what is really interesting 是 what 引导的主语从句。
that there are sometimes great cultural differences...
是 that 引导的表语从句。
be amazed at...对……感到惊讶
Brit[brIt]n.英国人
even though＝even if 尽管，引导让步状语从句。
alike[?'laIk]adj.相像，十分相似 adv.十分相像地；同样地
bonfire['b?nfaI?(r)]n.(在室外为庆祝而燃起的)大火堆，篝火
familiar[f?'mIlI?(r)]adj.通晓；熟悉
be familiar with 对……熟悉
be familiar to 被/为……所熟悉
彼得：但真正有趣的是，即使在以英语作为母语的人之间有时也存在着很大的文化差异。我总是惊诧于美国人和我们英国人怎么如此不一样。尽管我们拥有共同的语言——当然有着不同的口音——我们的风俗却并不总是相似。
马莉：真的吗？
彼得：是的。例如，我有童年时篝火节的温馨回忆，但是我的美国朋友对那个特别的节日竟然不太了解。
马莉：喔，我也不太了解那个节日。
Peter：Oh, it’s a celebrationthat takes placeon November 5th every year.People light large fires outside, and everyone gathers aroundand has a party.There are plenty offireworks，and everyone eats hot dogsand other food that can be cooked over the fire.It’s great fun.
Ma Li：Well, It’s time for me to go.This has been a really interesting chat.I think now I understand a lot more about different cultures and what is appropriatebehaviour.It’s really helped me with my homework！ I hope we can talk again soon.After all， learning about cultural differencesis a good way to understand more about each other.See you later!
Waled：See you!
Peter：Right，later！
celebration[?selI'breI?n]n.庆典；庆祝活动
take place 发生(无被动语态)
that takes place on November 5th every year 是 that
引导的定语从句修饰celebration。
gather around 聚在一起
plenty of 大量的，充足的，修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
firework['fɑI?w??k]n.焰火，烟花，一般用复数。
hot dog n．热狗(香肠面包)
that can be cooked over the fire 是that 引导的定语从句，修饰other food。
fun n．乐趣，为不可数名词。
appropriate adj.适当的
help sb.with sth.帮助某人某事
after all 毕竟；终究
动名词短语 learning about cultural differences 作主语。
彼得：噢，那是发生在每年11月5日的一次庆祝活动。人们在户外点燃大堆的篝火，大家围着篝火举行聚会。还有大量的烟花，每个人都吃着热狗和其他可以用火烘烤的食物。真是有趣极了。
马莉：好了，我该走了。这的确是很有趣的一次聊天。我想现在我对关于不同的文化及得体的行为举止有了更多的了解。这的确对我的家庭作业有帮助！我希望我们很快能再聊天。毕竟，了解文化差异是互相增进了解的一个好办法。再见！
瓦利德：再见！
彼得：的确如此，再见！
A卷
阅读理解
A
My parents were in a huge argument， and I was really upset about it.I didn’t know who I should talk with about how I was feeling.So I asked Mom to allow me to stay the night at my best friend’s house.Though I knew I wouldn’t tell her about my parents’ situation，I was looking forward to getting out of the house.I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the power went out in the neighborhood.Mom came to tell me that I should stay with my grandpa until the power came back on.
I was really disappointed because I felt that we did not have much to talk about.But I knew he would be frightened alone in the dark.I went to his room and told him that I’d stay with him until the power was restored.He was quite happy and said，“Great opportunity.”
“What is it？”I asked.
“To talk，you and I，”he said.“To hold a private little meeting about what we’re going to do with your mom and dad，and what we’re going to do with ourselves now that we’re in the situation we are in.”
“But we can’t do anything about it.Grandpa，”I said，surprised that here was someone with whom I could share my feelings and someone who was in the same “boat” as I was.
And that’s how the most unbelievable friendship between my grandfather and me started.Sitting in the dark，we talked about our feelings and fears of life—from how fast things change to how they sometimes don’t change fast enough.That night， because the power went out，I found a new friend，with whom I could safely talk about all my fears and pains， whatever they may be.Suddenly，the lights all came back on.“Well，”he said，“I guess that means you’ll want to go now.I really like our talk.I hope the power will go out every few nights！”
【解题导语】 父母争吵使作者感到没有人可以分享自己的感受，但是突然的停电使作者发现有个新的朋友可以交流自己的想法，这就是他的爷爷。
1．I wished to get out of the house because Ｗ.
A.I was eager to have fun with my best friend
B.I found nobody to share my feelings with
C.I wanted to escape from the dark house
D.I planned to tell my friend about my trouble
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“I didn’t know who I should talk with about how I was feeling.”可知，作者发现没有人可以分享他的感受。故选B。
2．Grandpa was happy to see me because Ｗ.
A.he could discuss the problem with me
B.he had not seen me for a long lime
C.he was afraid of darkness
D.he felt quite lonely
A 解析：细节理解题。由第四段第一句中的“To talk，you and I”可知，此处是对上文“He was quite happy and said，‘Great opportunity.’”的解释。可知，爷爷认为他可以和“我”讨论这个问题。故选A。
3．What can be inferred from the passage？
A.The author was eager to leave.
B.They would have more chats.
C.The lights would go out again.
D.It would no longer be dark.
B 解析：推理判断题。由文章结尾爷爷所说的话“I guess that means you’ll want to go now.I really like our talk.I hope the power will go out every few nights！”可知，作者和爷爷将会多聊天。故选B。
B
Who could have imagined that a treadmill(跑步机) on wheels would one day become a thing？ Lopifit is an unusual means of transportation that allows you to power an electric bicycle by walking on a treadmill.
Lopifit founder Bruin Bergmeester says it all started when he asked himself the question， “How can I use a treadmill outdoors？” He eventually came up with a design， to which he added an electric engine， and Lopifit was born. The treadmill bicycle is similar to a typical electric bicycle in that the motor(发动机) only works when the rider puts power in as well. The Lopifit senses it when you walk on the treadmill and uses the motor to turn a drive chain at the back part of the treadmill， helping you reach a top speed of 17 miles per hour.
To use the Lopifit， simply turn on the battery and use your feet to slide the treadmill backwards and activate(激活) the motor. Then get on and enjoy the ride！ If you need speed， just walk on the treadmill， and if you want to coast， all you have to do is stay still and admire the view. To stop， you have two hand brakes available.
The Lopifit first hit the streets in 2014 and， unsurprisingly， became an instant hit. That was actually quite challenging for the company， because it started getting calls for orders， but it was nowhere near ready for mass production(大规模生产). The unique treadmill bicycle became available this year， and Lopifit is struggling to keep up with demand， despite the high price tag of D|S2，115.
But despite having a very loyal fan-base of so-called Lopifitters， the creative means of transportation also has naysayers who simply consider the invention stupid and unnecessary. They basically believe that if you’re going to walk， you might as well do it the old-fashioned way. But the Lopifit does have the unique advantage of helping you “walk” really fast without breaking a sweat， or walking at cycling speed， if you will.
【解题导语】 本文为说明文。跑步机也能成为一种交通工具吗？多亏了Lopifit的创始人Bruin Bergmeester的创意，这已经成为现实。
4．With the help of Lopifit， you can Ｗ.
A.answer some hard questions
B.offer power to any bicycle
C.create a treadmill on wheels
D.cycle to work by walking
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知，通过在Lopifit上行走，带动发动机，启动车子，从而实现通过步行骑车去上班。
5．From the second paragraph， we can learn Ｗ.
A.how Lopifit was born
B.where Lopifit can be used
C.who Lopifit was intended for
D.which design is suitable for Lopifit
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“it all started when he asked himself the question， “How can I use a treadmill outdoors？”可以了解到Lopifit是如何诞生的。
6．What can be learned from the fourth paragraph？
A.The supply of Lopifit failed to meet the demand.
B.It was hard for the company to design Lopifit.
C.Lopifit was cheap and available in 2014.
D.Lopifit always broke down on the streets.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“That was actually quite challenging...nowhere near ready for mass production(大规模生产).”可知，2014年Lopifit首次出街便火速蹿红，这对Lopifit公司来说是一个很大的考验，因为他们还远没有做好大规模生产的准备，就开始收到订购需求，所以有点供不应求。
7．How do the public react to Lopifit？
A.Positively. B.Variously.
C.Angrily. D.Cautiously.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“But despite having a very loyal...consider the invention stupid and unnecessary.”可知，除了一批被称为Lopifitter的死忠粉外，也有人不看好这款颇具创意的交通工具，他们觉得这样的创意愚蠢而且多此一举，故人们对Lopifit的反应不同。
C
Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson， Arizona.He moved there a few years ago， and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.
My earliest memories of my father are of a tall， handsome successful man devoted to his work and family， but uncomfortable with his children.As a child I loved him； as a school girl and young adult I feared him and felt bitter about him.He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as“successful”as he was.Whenever I went out with him on weekends， I used to struggle to think up things to say， not feeling relaxed.
On the first day of my visit， we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch at an outdoor café.We walked along that afternoon， did some shopping， ate on the street table， and laughed over my son’s funny facial expressions.Gone were my father’s critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules.Who was this person I knew as my father？ He seemed so friendly and interesting to be around.What had held him back before？
The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood.Although our times together became easier over the years， I never felt closer to him at that moment.After so many years， I’m at last seeing another side of my father.I’m delighted with my new friendＷ.My dad， in his new home in Arizona， is back to me from where he was.
【解题导语】 在本文中作者介绍了与父亲的关系。父亲对作者要求很高，作者从小很惧怕父亲。有一次作者和儿子同父亲一起相处时，作者才看到了父亲友好、随和的另一面。
8．Why did the author feel bitter about her father when she was a young adult？
A.He was silent most of the time.
B.He was too proud of himself.
C.He did not love his children.
D.He expected too much of her.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as“successful”as he was.可知答案。
9．When the author went out with her father on weekends， she would feel Ｗ.
A.nervous B.sorry
C.tired D.safe
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的Whenever I went out with him on weekends， I used to struggle to think up things to say， not feeling relaxed.可知答案。
10．What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson？
A.More critical.
B.More talkative.
C.Gentle and friendly.
D.Strict and hard-working.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的Who was this person I knew as my father？ He seemed so friendly and interesting to be around.可知答案。
11．The underlined words“my new friend”in the last paragraph refer to Ｗ.
A.the author’s son
B.the author’s father
C.the friend of the author’s father
D.the café owner
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据上文的讲述特别是文中的After so many years， I’m at last seeing another side of my father.可知，作者重新认识了父亲，并把他视为朋友。故选B项。
七选五
Creating a good study environment takes a little planning. It is well worth the time as the end result will be much more productive study time. Many people fail to do this and wonder why they cannot concentrate. After a couple of times of studying the right way， most people will be surprised at how much they can actually enjoy studying.1.
Know concentration is the key. Reduce every possible distraction(使人分心的事).Turn off the television and go in an area where you will not be interrupted by people. 2. If you are studying on your computer—don’t get distracted by emails.
3． If it is too dim(暗的)， your eyes will be injured and leave you tired and eager to close your eyes.It will be better if it is with natural light， which can wake you up and help you think.
Choose a comfortable seat.4. Now a couch can work just fine for this as long as you don’t find yourself lying flat after a few minutes.The whole point of studying is to be able to concentrate on the study matter.
5． Now this is for the person who needs the background noise.If you find yourself thinking about the song then maybe silence is better for you.
Keep something to drink and snack on close by to keep your blood sugar stable.Obviously sugary foods will give you a quick rush but you will also have a quick low afterward.
A.Learn more to make the study environment different.
B.Turn on some music.
C.If you can， turn off your cell phone.
D.Find a place that is proper to read.
E.It should have a good back support and a good feeling.
F.Some people can study with lots of activities going on.
G.Read on to learn how to create a good study environment.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了如何创造良好的学习环境。
1．G 解析：根据该段第一句“Creating a good study environment takes a little planning.”和下文内容可知， 应选G项来承上启下。
2．C 解析：空处前一句建议关掉电视机以免受影响， 空处后一句建议不要受电子邮件的影响； 据此可判断， 空处表示关掉某种影响学习的电子设备， 故选C项“如果你能做到的话， 关掉你的手机”。
3．D 解析：下文介绍了光线太暗对眼睛的影响并建议在自然光下学习； 据此可以判断， 该处主要建议找一个合适的地方看书， 故D项正确。
4．E 解析：根据空前一句“Choose a comfortable seat.”可知， 本段主要建议选一个舒适的座位； 据此可以判断， E项符合文意。
5．B 解析：根据该段的最后一句“If you find yourself thinking about the song then maybe silence is better for you.”可知， 该段主要建议播放一些音乐， 故B项正确。
B卷
阅读理解
Rap music， or hip-hop， is a style of pop music originating in the mid-1970s among black and Hispanic (西班牙的) performers in New York City. At first， it was associated with an athletic style of dancing， known as break-dancing(霹雳舞).
The 1980s saw the intense diversification(多元化) in rap music， which developed into a more complex form. The simple tales of the 1970s were replaced by the complex， multi-layered beats. Some rappers even became mainstream pop performers， including Kurtis Blow.
Rap music was almost entirely unknown outside of the United States prior to the 1980s. During that decade， it began to spread and became a part of the music scene in dozens of countries. In the early part of the decade， break-dancing became the first aspect of hip－hop culture to reach Germany， Japan and South Africa. Meanwhile， recorded rap music was released in France and the Philippines.
In the 1990s and the following decade， elements of rap music continued to be absorbed into other kinds of popular music. In Europe， Africa， and Asia， rap music began to reach mainstream audiences.
In the 2000s， the United States has seen the rise of alternative rap music in the form of popular performers like The Roots， Mos Def， and many others.
In some countries， performers have become well known outside of their own countries， and rap music has continued to spread into new lands， including Russia， Egypt， and China.
There are various views on rap music. For example， some people criticize rap music for the promotion of violence， while others admire it as a way to understand cultural idioms and consider many rappers to have an acute social and political awareness.
1．The rap music in the 1980s developed into Ｗ.
A.a simpler form B.an easier form
C.a more complex form D.a more difficult form
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段第一句The 1980s saw the intense diversification(多元化) in rap music， which developed into a more complex form. 可知答案为C选项。
2．The underlined part in the third paragraph probably means “ ”.
A.in B.before
C.after D.within
B 解析：词义猜测题。从其后一句的解释可知，prior to the 1980s意为“在20世纪80年代以前”，故B项与其意义接近。
3．Rap music began to be accepted by the mainstream in Europe in Ｗ.
A.the middle of the 1970s B.the 2000s
C.the 1990s D.the 1980s
C 解析：推理判断题。由第四段中开头及最后一句rap music began to reach mainstream audiences可判断出。
4．Which of the following statements is RIGHT？
A.The author doesn’t like rap music because he thinks that it promotes violence.
B.In the 2000s， some rap music performers became popular around the world.
C.Break-dancing comes from rap music.
D.In the 1990s， the first piece of rap music was released in the Philippines by Mos Def.
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段 and rap music has continued to spread into new lands， including Russia， Egypt， and China可判断B选项正确。
完形填空
I met a bully(仗势欺人者) when I was in elementary school. She looked impatient and 1 Ｗ. Sometimes you could see cuts on her skin. Students would 2 her and lie to the teacher that she had cuts because she fought. Nobody would go near her and the teachers would also 3 her. My friends told me not to look her in the eye 4 I’d have bad luck for years.
Even though everyone disliked her， in my eyes I could see her 5 Ｗ. She sat alone at lunch； played on the empty slide， and walked home alone. I felt like I could see right through her. Then I had decided to fill up her empty soul and make her 6 Ｗ. When I walked past her in the hallways， I smiled and said 7 ， “Hi！” The other students looked at me in 8 ， but I didn’t care because that smile helped me talk to her. She opened up to me and 9 how she grew up as an orphan(孤儿).
Rumors spread about her 10 me to become her friend. I denied(否认) it. My classmates always said， “Don’t 11 with a bully.” I would reply， “Staying away from a bully is just as 12 as being one. The bullies are actually those who don’t 13 others or don’t even try to stand in other people’s shoes.” When people finally 14 my words， they started talking to her and soon became her 15 Ｗ.
I think bullies 16 someone who extends his or her hand to them， and someone who tells them everything will be alright， for life comes with many 17 but we can overcome them. I’ll be there to 18 their pain and show everyone that bullies can be as 19 as others when they want to be. Saving someone from 20 doesn’t take anything but a smile and a hand.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的班级中有一位爱欺凌人的同学，大家都对她避之不及，但作者用自己的善良和热心打动了她并改变了大家对她的看法。
1．A.calm B.rude
C.curious D.weak
B 解析：根据语境可知，这位爱欺凌人的女孩看起来不耐烦又粗鲁(rude)。
2．A.care B.trust
C.watch D.blame
D 解析：根据下文的lie to the teacher that she had cuts because she fought可知，同学们总是责怪(blame)她。
3．A.help B.notice
C.ignore D.accept
C 解析：联系上下文可知，没有人愿意靠近她，连老师也会无视(ignore)她。
4．A.or B.but
C.so D.if
A 解析：作者的朋友告诉她不要去看那个女孩的眼睛，不然会倒霉好几年，故选“or”。
5．A.happiness B.tiredness
C.nervousness D.loneliness
D 解析：根据下文She sat alone at lunch...walked home alone.可知，作者能看到她眼中的孤独(loneliness)。
6．A.talented B.positive
C.confused D.disappointed
B 解析：作者决定去填补那个女孩空虚的内心，让她变得积极(positive)起来。
7．A.kindly B.proudly
C.excitedly D.thankfully
A 解析：作者经过走廊时，微笑着和那个女孩亲切地(kindly)打招呼。
8．A.secret B.silence
C.surprise D.detail
C 解析：作者的举动让其他学生感到很吃惊，故选“surprise”。
9．A.learned B.explained
C.decided D.wondered
B 解析：女孩对作者敞开了心扉，向她解释(explained)自己作为一个孤儿是如何长大的。
10．A.advising B.ordering
C.forcing D.encouraging
C 解析：流言里都说这个女孩强迫作者当她的朋友，但作者否认了，故选“forcing”。
11．A.hang out B.keep up
C.fit in D.settle down
A 解析：作者的同学告诫她不要和欺凌者在一起玩，故选“hang out”。
12．A.simple B.reasonable
C.special D.terrible
D 解析：作者认为对欺凌者敬而远之和当欺凌者一样糟糕(terrible)。
13．A.follow B.hate
C.understand D.disturb
C 解析：真正的欺凌者是那些不理解(understand)他人，也不试着将心比心的人。
14．A.found B.forgot
C.organized D.recognized
D 解析：在最终认可了(recognized)作者的这番话之后，大家都开始和那个女孩说话了。
15．A.relatives B.friends
C.classmates D.instructors
B 解析：大家的看法发生变化后开始和那个女孩说话，并很快成了她的朋友(friends)。
16．A.need B.fear
C.guide D.influence
A 解析：作者认为欺凌者需要(need)他人来伸出援手。
17．A.plans B.choices
C.challenges D.achievements
C 解析：欺凌者需要有人来告诉他们一切都会好起来的，生活中的挑战(challenges)是能够克服的。
18．A.start B.stop
C.admit D.doubt
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者愿意站出来结束(stop)欺凌者们的痛苦。
19．A.normal B.honest
C.guilty D.careful
A 解析：作者想告诉大家，欺凌者如果愿意，也能变得和其他人一样正常(normal)。
20．A.hope B.comfort
C.control D.trouble
D 解析：作者认为，把一个人从困境(trouble)中拯救出来只需要一个微笑和一只手。
语法填空
Generally speaking， the stress one can bear depends very much 1. the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress， and such characters are 2. (obvious) prime material for responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual 3. (difficulty).Scientific research shows that when 4. (expose) to stress， in whatever form， we react both chemically 5. physically. In fact， we make a choice between “flight” and “fight”. However， in more former days the choices 6. (make) the difference between life and death. The danger we meet today 7. (be) unlikely to be so extreme， but however little the stress， it involves 8. same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long 9. health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart diseases have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives， we need to find ways of 10. (deal) with it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了我们该如何面对压力。
1．on 解析：考查介词。depend on意为“依赖， 依靠， 取决于”， 是固定搭配。
2．obviously 解析：考查词性转换。谓语动词应用副词修饰。obvious的副词为obviously。
3．difficulties 解析：考查名词单复数。一有不同寻常的困难的事情发生， 另一些人就会泄气。此处difficulty表示具体的意义， 是可数名词。根据语境可知， 此处应用复数形式。
4．exposed 解析：考查非谓语动词。动词expose与其逻辑主语we之间构成被动关系， 所以用过去分词作状语。
5．and 解析：考查连词。both...and...“既……又……”， 是固定搭配。
6．made 解析：考查时态。本句缺少谓语动词， 根据时间状语in more former days可知，应使用一般过去时， 故填made。
7．is 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。主语The danger表示单数概念， 且根据时间状语today和上下文可知， 应使用一般现在时。所以谓语动词用is。
8．the 解析：考查冠词。same通常与定冠词the连用。
9．that 解析：考查强调句。本句去掉It is和空格处剩下的部分是一个完整的句子， 故可以判断， 本句是一个强调句， 强调时间状语， 故连接词用that。
10．dealing 解析：考查非谓语动词。the way of...意为“做……的方法”后接动名词， 故填dealing。
课件58张PPT。Unit 3 Understanding each otherUnit 3 Understanding each otherUnit 3 Understanding each otherUnit 3 Understanding each otherUnit 3 Understanding each otherUnit 3 Understanding each otherUnit 3 Understanding each otherSection Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
阅读理解
A
My parents were in a huge argument， and I was really upset about it.I didn’t know who I should talk with about how I was feeling.So I asked Mom to allow me to stay the night at my best friend’s house.Though I knew I wouldn’t tell her about my parents’ situation，I was looking forward to getting out of the house.I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the power went out in the neighborhood.Mom came to tell me that I should stay with my grandpa until the power came back on.
I was really disappointed because I felt that we did not have much to talk about.But I knew he would be frightened alone in the dark.I went to his room and told him that I’d stay with him until the power was restored.He was quite happy and said，“Great opportunity.”
“What is it？”I asked.
“To talk，you and I，”he said.“To hold a private little meeting about what we’re going to do with your mom and dad，and what we’re going to do with ourselves now that we’re in the situation we are in.”
“But we can’t do anything about it.Grandpa，”I said，surprised that here was someone with whom I could share my feelings and someone who was in the same “boat” as I was.
And that’s how the most unbelievable friendship between my grandfather and me started.Sitting in the dark，we talked about our feelings and fears of life—from how fast things change to how they sometimes don’t change fast enough.That night， because the power went out，I found a new friend，with whom I could safely talk about all my fears and pains， whatever they may be.Suddenly，the lights all came back on.“Well，”he said，“I guess that means you’ll want to go now.I really like our talk.I hope the power will go out every few nights！”
【解题导语】 父母争吵使作者感到没有人可以分享自己的感受，但是突然的停电使作者发现有个新的朋友可以交流自己的想法，这就是他的爷爷。
1．I wished to get out of the house because Ｗ.
A.I was eager to have fun with my best friend
B.I found nobody to share my feelings with
C.I wanted to escape from the dark house
D.I planned to tell my friend about my trouble
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“I didn’t know who I should talk with about how I was feeling.”可知，作者发现没有人可以分享他的感受。故选B。
2．Grandpa was happy to see me because Ｗ.
A.he could discuss the problem with me
B.he had not seen me for a long lime
C.he was afraid of darkness
D.he felt quite lonely
A 解析：细节理解题。由第四段第一句中的“To talk，you and I”可知，此处是对上文“He was quite happy and said，‘Great opportunity.’”的解释。可知，爷爷认为他可以和“我”讨论这个问题。故选A。
3．What can be inferred from the passage？
A.The author was eager to leave.
B.They would have more chats.
C.The lights would go out again.
D.It would no longer be dark.
B 解析：推理判断题。由文章结尾爷爷所说的话“I guess that means you’ll want to go now.I really like our talk.I hope the power will go out every few nights！”可知，作者和爷爷将会多聊天。故选B。
B
Who could have imagined that a treadmill(跑步机) on wheels would one day become a thing？ Lopifit is an unusual means of transportation that allows you to power an electric bicycle by walking on a treadmill.
Lopifit founder Bruin Bergmeester says it all started when he asked himself the question， “How can I use a treadmill outdoors？” He eventually came up with a design， to which he added an electric engine， and Lopifit was born. The treadmill bicycle is similar to a typical electric bicycle in that the motor(发动机) only works when the rider puts power in as well. The Lopifit senses it when you walk on the treadmill and uses the motor to turn a drive chain at the back part of the treadmill， helping you reach a top speed of 17 miles per hour.
To use the Lopifit， simply turn on the battery and use your feet to slide the treadmill backwards and activate(激活) the motor. Then get on and enjoy the ride！ If you need speed， just walk on the treadmill， and if you want to coast， all you have to do is stay still and admire the view. To stop， you have two hand brakes available.
The Lopifit first hit the streets in 2014 and， unsurprisingly， became an instant hit. That was actually quite challenging for the company， because it started getting calls for orders， but it was nowhere near ready for mass production(大规模生产). The unique treadmill bicycle became available this year， and Lopifit is struggling to keep up with demand， despite the high price tag of D|S2，115.
But despite having a very loyal fan-base of so-called Lopifitters， the creative means of transportation also has naysayers who simply consider the invention stupid and unnecessary. They basically believe that if you’re going to walk， you might as well do it the old-fashioned way. But the Lopifit does have the unique advantage of helping you “walk” really fast without breaking a sweat， or walking at cycling speed， if you will.
【解题导语】 本文为说明文。跑步机也能成为一种交通工具吗？多亏了Lopifit的创始人Bruin Bergmeester的创意，这已经成为现实。
4．With the help of Lopifit， you can Ｗ.
A.answer some hard questions
B.offer power to any bicycle
C.create a treadmill on wheels
D.cycle to work by walking
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知，通过在Lopifit上行走，带动发动机，启动车子，从而实现通过步行骑车去上班。
5．From the second paragraph， we can learn Ｗ.
A.how Lopifit was born
B.where Lopifit can be used
C.who Lopifit was intended for
D.which design is suitable for Lopifit
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“it all started when he asked himself the question， “How can I use a treadmill outdoors？”可以了解到Lopifit是如何诞生的。
6．What can be learned from the fourth paragraph？
A.The supply of Lopifit failed to meet the demand.
B.It was hard for the company to design Lopifit.
C.Lopifit was cheap and available in 2014.
D.Lopifit always broke down on the streets.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“That was actually quite challenging...nowhere near ready for mass production(大规模生产).”可知，2014年Lopifit首次出街便火速蹿红，这对Lopifit公司来说是一个很大的考验，因为他们还远没有做好大规模生产的准备，就开始收到订购需求，所以有点供不应求。
7．How do the public react to Lopifit？
A.Positively. B.Variously.
C.Angrily. D.Cautiously.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“But despite having a very loyal...consider the invention stupid and unnecessary.”可知，除了一批被称为Lopifitter的死忠粉外，也有人不看好这款颇具创意的交通工具，他们觉得这样的创意愚蠢而且多此一举，故人们对Lopifit的反应不同。
C
Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson， Arizona.He moved there a few years ago， and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.
My earliest memories of my father are of a tall， handsome successful man devoted to his work and family， but uncomfortable with his children.As a child I loved him； as a school girl and young adult I feared him and felt bitter about him.He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as“successful”as he was.Whenever I went out with him on weekends， I used to struggle to think up things to say， not feeling relaxed.
On the first day of my visit， we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch at an outdoor café.We walked along that afternoon， did some shopping， ate on the street table， and laughed over my son’s funny facial expressions.Gone were my father’s critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules.Who was this person I knew as my father？ He seemed so friendly and interesting to be around.What had held him back before？
The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood.Although our times together became easier over the years， I never felt closer to him at that moment.After so many years， I’m at last seeing another side of my father.I’m delighted with my new friendＷ.My dad， in his new home in Arizona， is back to me from where he was.
【解题导语】 在本文中作者介绍了与父亲的关系。父亲对作者要求很高，作者从小很惧怕父亲。有一次作者和儿子同父亲一起相处时，作者才看到了父亲友好、随和的另一面。
8．Why did the author feel bitter about her father when she was a young adult？
A.He was silent most of the time.
B.He was too proud of himself.
C.He did not love his children.
D.He expected too much of her.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as“successful”as he was.可知答案。
9．When the author went out with her father on weekends， she would feel Ｗ.
A.nervous B.sorry
C.tired D.safe
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的Whenever I went out with him on weekends， I used to struggle to think up things to say， not feeling relaxed.可知答案。
10．What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson？
A.More critical.
B.More talkative.
C.Gentle and friendly.
D.Strict and hard-working.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的Who was this person I knew as my father？ He seemed so friendly and interesting to be around.可知答案。
11．The underlined words“my new friend”in the last paragraph refer to Ｗ.
A.the author’s son
B.the author’s father
C.the friend of the author’s father
D.the café owner
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据上文的讲述特别是文中的After so many years， I’m at last seeing another side of my father.可知，作者重新认识了父亲，并把他视为朋友。故选B项。
七选五
Creating a good study environment takes a little planning. It is well worth the time as the end result will be much more productive study time. Many people fail to do this and wonder why they cannot concentrate. After a couple of times of studying the right way， most people will be surprised at how much they can actually enjoy studying.1.
Know concentration is the key. Reduce every possible distraction(使人分心的事).Turn off the television and go in an area where you will not be interrupted by people. 2. If you are studying on your computer—don’t get distracted by emails.
3． If it is too dim(暗的)， your eyes will be injured and leave you tired and eager to close your eyes.It will be better if it is with natural light， which can wake you up and help you think.
Choose a comfortable seat.4. Now a couch can work just fine for this as long as you don’t find yourself lying flat after a few minutes.The whole point of studying is to be able to concentrate on the study matter.
5． Now this is for the person who needs the background noise.If you find yourself thinking about the song then maybe silence is better for you.
Keep something to drink and snack on close by to keep your blood sugar stable.Obviously sugary foods will give you a quick rush but you will also have a quick low afterward.
A.Learn more to make the study environment different.
B.Turn on some music.
C.If you can， turn off your cell phone.
D.Find a place that is proper to read.
E.It should have a good back support and a good feeling.
F.Some people can study with lots of activities going on.
G.Read on to learn how to create a good study environment.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了如何创造良好的学习环境。
1．G 解析：根据该段第一句“Creating a good study environment takes a little planning.”和下文内容可知， 应选G项来承上启下。
2．C 解析：空处前一句建议关掉电视机以免受影响， 空处后一句建议不要受电子邮件的影响； 据此可判断， 空处表示关掉某种影响学习的电子设备， 故选C项“如果你能做到的话， 关掉你的手机”。
3．D 解析：下文介绍了光线太暗对眼睛的影响并建议在自然光下学习； 据此可以判断， 该处主要建议找一个合适的地方看书， 故D项正确。
4．E 解析：根据空前一句“Choose a comfortable seat.”可知， 本段主要建议选一个舒适的座位； 据此可以判断， E项符合文意。
5．B 解析：根据该段的最后一句“If you find yourself thinking about the song then maybe silence is better for you.”可知， 该段主要建议播放一些音乐， 故B项正确。
B卷
阅读理解
Rap music， or hip-hop， is a style of pop music originating in the mid-1970s among black and Hispanic (西班牙的) performers in New York City. At first， it was associated with an athletic style of dancing， known as break-dancing(霹雳舞).
The 1980s saw the intense diversification(多元化) in rap music， which developed into a more complex form. The simple tales of the 1970s were replaced by the complex， multi-layered beats. Some rappers even became mainstream pop performers， including Kurtis Blow.
Rap music was almost entirely unknown outside of the United States prior to the 1980s. During that decade， it began to spread and became a part of the music scene in dozens of countries. In the early part of the decade， break-dancing became the first aspect of hip－hop culture to reach Germany， Japan and South Africa. Meanwhile， recorded rap music was released in France and the Philippines.
In the 1990s and the following decade， elements of rap music continued to be absorbed into other kinds of popular music. In Europe， Africa， and Asia， rap music began to reach mainstream audiences.
In the 2000s， the United States has seen the rise of alternative rap music in the form of popular performers like The Roots， Mos Def， and many others.
In some countries， performers have become well known outside of their own countries， and rap music has continued to spread into new lands， including Russia， Egypt， and China.
There are various views on rap music. For example， some people criticize rap music for the promotion of violence， while others admire it as a way to understand cultural idioms and consider many rappers to have an acute social and political awareness.
1．The rap music in the 1980s developed into Ｗ.
A.a simpler form B.an easier form
C.a more complex form D.a more difficult form
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段第一句The 1980s saw the intense diversification(多元化) in rap music， which developed into a more complex form. 可知答案为C选项。
2．The underlined part in the third paragraph probably means “ ”.
A.in B.before
C.after D.within
B 解析：词义猜测题。从其后一句的解释可知，prior to the 1980s意为“在20世纪80年代以前”，故B项与其意义接近。
3．Rap music began to be accepted by the mainstream in Europe in Ｗ.
A.the middle of the 1970s B.the 2000s
C.the 1990s D.the 1980s
C 解析：推理判断题。由第四段中开头及最后一句rap music began to reach mainstream audiences可判断出。
4．Which of the following statements is RIGHT？
A.The author doesn’t like rap music because he thinks that it promotes violence.
B.In the 2000s， some rap music performers became popular around the world.
C.Break-dancing comes from rap music.
D.In the 1990s， the first piece of rap music was released in the Philippines by Mos Def.
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段 and rap music has continued to spread into new lands， including Russia， Egypt， and China可判断B选项正确。
完形填空
I met a bully(仗势欺人者) when I was in elementary school. She looked impatient and 1 Ｗ. Sometimes you could see cuts on her skin. Students would 2 her and lie to the teacher that she had cuts because she fought. Nobody would go near her and the teachers would also 3 her. My friends told me not to look her in the eye 4 I’d have bad luck for years.
Even though everyone disliked her， in my eyes I could see her 5 Ｗ. She sat alone at lunch； played on the empty slide， and walked home alone. I felt like I could see right through her. Then I had decided to fill up her empty soul and make her 6 Ｗ. When I walked past her in the hallways， I smiled and said 7 ， “Hi！” The other students looked at me in 8 ， but I didn’t care because that smile helped me talk to her. She opened up to me and 9 how she grew up as an orphan(孤儿).
Rumors spread about her 10 me to become her friend. I denied(否认) it. My classmates always said， “Don’t 11 with a bully.” I would reply， “Staying away from a bully is just as 12 as being one. The bullies are actually those who don’t 13 others or don’t even try to stand in other people’s shoes.” When people finally 14 my words， they started talking to her and soon became her 15 Ｗ.
I think bullies 16 someone who extends his or her hand to them， and someone who tells them everything will be alright， for life comes with many 17 but we can overcome them. I’ll be there to 18 their pain and show everyone that bullies can be as 19 as others when they want to be. Saving someone from 20 doesn’t take anything but a smile and a hand.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者的班级中有一位爱欺凌人的同学，大家都对她避之不及，但作者用自己的善良和热心打动了她并改变了大家对她的看法。
1．A.calm B.rude
C.curious D.weak
B 解析：根据语境可知，这位爱欺凌人的女孩看起来不耐烦又粗鲁(rude)。
2．A.care B.trust
C.watch D.blame
D 解析：根据下文的lie to the teacher that she had cuts because she fought可知，同学们总是责怪(blame)她。
3．A.help B.notice
C.ignore D.accept
C 解析：联系上下文可知，没有人愿意靠近她，连老师也会无视(ignore)她。
4．A.or B.but
C.so D.if
A 解析：作者的朋友告诉她不要去看那个女孩的眼睛，不然会倒霉好几年，故选“or”。
5．A.happiness B.tiredness
C.nervousness D.loneliness
D 解析：根据下文She sat alone at lunch...walked home alone.可知，作者能看到她眼中的孤独(loneliness)。
6．A.talented B.positive
C.confused D.disappointed
B 解析：作者决定去填补那个女孩空虚的内心，让她变得积极(positive)起来。
7．A.kindly B.proudly
C.excitedly D.thankfully
A 解析：作者经过走廊时，微笑着和那个女孩亲切地(kindly)打招呼。
8．A.secret B.silence
C.surprise D.detail
C 解析：作者的举动让其他学生感到很吃惊，故选“surprise”。
9．A.learned B.explained
C.decided D.wondered
B 解析：女孩对作者敞开了心扉，向她解释(explained)自己作为一个孤儿是如何长大的。
10．A.advising B.ordering
C.forcing D.encouraging
C 解析：流言里都说这个女孩强迫作者当她的朋友，但作者否认了，故选“forcing”。
11．A.hang out B.keep up
C.fit in D.settle down
A 解析：作者的同学告诫她不要和欺凌者在一起玩，故选“hang out”。
12．A.simple B.reasonable
C.special D.terrible
D 解析：作者认为对欺凌者敬而远之和当欺凌者一样糟糕(terrible)。
13．A.follow B.hate
C.understand D.disturb
C 解析：真正的欺凌者是那些不理解(understand)他人，也不试着将心比心的人。
14．A.found B.forgot
C.organized D.recognized
D 解析：在最终认可了(recognized)作者的这番话之后，大家都开始和那个女孩说话了。
15．A.relatives B.friends
C.classmates D.instructors
B 解析：大家的看法发生变化后开始和那个女孩说话，并很快成了她的朋友(friends)。
16．A.need B.fear
C.guide D.influence
A 解析：作者认为欺凌者需要(need)他人来伸出援手。
17．A.plans B.choices
C.challenges D.achievements
C 解析：欺凌者需要有人来告诉他们一切都会好起来的，生活中的挑战(challenges)是能够克服的。
18．A.start B.stop
C.admit D.doubt
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者愿意站出来结束(stop)欺凌者们的痛苦。
19．A.normal B.honest
C.guilty D.careful
A 解析：作者想告诉大家，欺凌者如果愿意，也能变得和其他人一样正常(normal)。
20．A.hope B.comfort
C.control D.trouble
D 解析：作者认为，把一个人从困境(trouble)中拯救出来只需要一个微笑和一只手。
语法填空
Generally speaking， the stress one can bear depends very much 1. the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress， and such characters are 2. (obvious) prime material for responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual 3. (difficulty).Scientific research shows that when 4. (expose) to stress， in whatever form， we react both chemically 5. physically. In fact， we make a choice between “flight” and “fight”. However， in more former days the choices 6. (make) the difference between life and death. The danger we meet today 7. (be) unlikely to be so extreme， but however little the stress， it involves 8. same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long 9. health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart diseases have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives， we need to find ways of 10. (deal) with it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了我们该如何面对压力。
1．on 解析：考查介词。depend on意为“依赖， 依靠， 取决于”， 是固定搭配。
2．obviously 解析：考查词性转换。谓语动词应用副词修饰。obvious的副词为obviously。
3．difficulties 解析：考查名词单复数。一有不同寻常的困难的事情发生， 另一些人就会泄气。此处difficulty表示具体的意义， 是可数名词。根据语境可知， 此处应用复数形式。
4．exposed 解析：考查非谓语动词。动词expose与其逻辑主语we之间构成被动关系， 所以用过去分词作状语。
5．and 解析：考查连词。both...and...“既……又……”， 是固定搭配。
6．made 解析：考查时态。本句缺少谓语动词， 根据时间状语in more former days可知，应使用一般过去时， 故填made。
7．is 解析：考查主谓一致和时态。主语The danger表示单数概念， 且根据时间状语today和上下文可知， 应使用一般现在时。所以谓语动词用is。
8．the 解析：考查冠词。same通常与定冠词the连用。
9．that 解析：考查强调句。本句去掉It is和空格处剩下的部分是一个完整的句子， 故可以判断， 本句是一个强调句， 强调时间状语， 故连接词用that。
10．dealing 解析：考查非谓语动词。the way of...意为“做……的方法”后接动名词， 故填dealing。
Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language Points
ensure vt.担保， 保证， 确保
(教材P34)Roosters are supposed to drive bad spirits away from the wedding ceremony, and hens are thought to ensure good luck for the marriage.
公鸡被认为能够把坏运气从婚礼上赶走，而母鸡则被认为能确保给婚姻带来好运。
ensure doing sth. 确保做某事
ensure that... 确保……
ensure sth.to sb. 保证给予某人某物
ensure (sb.) against/from sth.
保护(某人)免受危害，
使(某人)安全
①To ensure the child’s quick recovery, the doctor gave him an injection. 为了确保孩子尽快康复， 大夫给他打了针。
②There must be safety devices to ensure workers against accidents.
一定要有保护工人避免工伤事故的安全装置。
③Please ensure__that all lights are turned off.
请务必将所有的灯都关掉。
④Your experience in teaching will ensure__you__a__post．
你的教学经历肯定能使你谋求到一个职位。
congratulate vt.祝贺， 庆贺， 恭喜
(教材P34)During the ceremony, the hen laid an egg, and everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very lucky. 在婚礼期间， 那只母鸡下了一只蛋，所有的人都向这对新人祝贺，因为这被认为是非常幸运的。
(1)congratulate sb.on (doing) sth.
就(做)某事向某人表示祝贺
congratulate oneself on 庆幸； 为……感到自豪
(2)congratulations n. 祝贺， 道喜
congratulations (to sb.) on sth.
就某事(向某人)祝贺
①He congratulated himself on his success.
他为自己的成功感到自豪。
②Let’s congratulate her on having__won(win) the prize.
让我们为她获奖表示祝贺。
③Congratulations(congratulate) on your success!
祝贺你获得了成功！
[巧学活用]——一句多译
我们都向我们的同事祝贺他在事业上的成功。
(1)We all__congratulated__our__colleague__on__his__success in his career.(congratulate)
(2)We all offered__our__congratulations__to__our__colleague__on__his__success in his career.(congratulation)
permit vt.& vi.允许， 许可 n．[C]许可证， 执照
(教材P34)Another difference is that while we serve food, soft drinks, tea and coffee, alcohol is not permitted at the wedding reception—in fact, alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei. 另外一个区别是我们虽然供应食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡，但是在婚宴上不许饮酒——事实上，在文莱白酒是完全被禁止的。
(1)permit doing sth. 允许做某事
permit sb.to do sth. 允许某人做某事
time permitting 如果时间允许的话
(2)permission n. [U]准许， 许可， 批准
①Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen.
生活在带有厨房的大楼里的学生只允许在厨房做饭。
②The owners don’t permit parking (park) cars in front of the shops.
主人不允许在其商店门口停车。
③He said that if he had a permit he could get a job.
他说如果他有执照就能找到工作。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
时间允许的话， 我希望有更多的业余时间与朋友在一起以至于我们有更好的关系。
(1)If__time__permits,__I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.(状语从句)
(2)Time__permitting,__I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can have a better relationship.(用独立主格结构改写)
prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止
(教材P34)Another difference is that while we serve food, soft drinks, tea and coffee, alcohol is not permitted at the wedding reception—in fact, alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei. 另外一个区别是我们虽然供应食物、软饮料、茶和咖啡，但是在婚宴上不许饮酒——事实上，在文莱白酒是完全被禁止的。
(1)prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
prohibit sb.from doing sth. 阻止/禁止某人做某事
prohibit sb.’s doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
(2)prohibition n. [U](以法律)禁止
[C]禁令， 禁律
(3)prohibitive adj. 限制性的
①Smoking is prohibited in all areas of the building in this city. 在这个城市里，大楼所有区域都禁止吸烟。
②It was my family finances that prohibited me from going to college at the time.
当时是我的家庭经济状况不允许我上大学。
③He knew nothing of the reason for the prohibition(prohibit)． 他不知道这次禁令的理由。
adjust vt.& vi.调整； 调节； 适应， 习惯
(教材P35)It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.
看新来的外教努力适应那样做很有趣。
(1)adjust (oneself ) to... (使自己)适应于……
adjust to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事
(2)adjustment n. 调整； 调节； 适应
make an adjustment 做出调整
(3)adjustable adj. 可调整的； 可调节的
①To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.
确切地说，我们周围的人可以提高我们的智力，帮助我们理解并调整我们的情绪。
②He adjusted his life so that he could adjust himself to the new environment.
他调整了自己的生活以便能适应新环境。
③She found it hard to adjust to working(work) at night.
她发现自己很难适应夜间工作。
④The chairs are fully adjustable(adjust) to fit any size.
这些椅子可以根据大小随意调整。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
在高中时迈克的妈妈为他做了几乎所有的事情。这让他难以适应大学第一年的生活。
(1)Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school，which__made__it__difficult__for__him__to__adjust__to__the__first-year__college__life．(定语从句)
(2)Mike’s mother did almost everything for him when he was in high school，making__it__difficult__for__him__to__adjust__to__the__first-year__college__life．(现在分词作结果状语)
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
(教材P35)Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.
许多外国人很难适应这种做法。
(1)和have trouble (in) doing/with sth.相近的短语还有： have difficulty/problems (in) doing /with sth.
(2)take great trouble to do sth. 不辞辛苦做某事
in trouble 处在困难/麻烦中(表状态)
get (sb.) into/out of trouble 使(某人)陷入/摆脱困境(表动作)
①He said he had no trouble in finding a house whose rent was low. 他说他很容易找到租金便宜的房子。
②Did you have any difficulty (in) passing(pass) the exam？ 你通过这次考试遇到困难了没有？
③I hope you won’t have trouble with the work.
我希望你做这项工作不会有困难。
④You can’t imagine what difficulty we had walking(walk) home in the snowstorm.
你无法想象我们在暴风雪中步行回家时有多么困难。
⑤If you do that, you might get her into trouble.
如果你那样做， 你就会使她陷入困境。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
不论什么时候学习遇到困难， 请找我们帮忙。
(1)Please turn to us for help whenever you have__trouble__with__your__study/in__studying．(trouble)
(2)Please turn to us for help whenever you have__problems__with__your__study/in__studying．(problem)
(3)Please turn to us for help whenever you have__difficulty__with__your__study/in__studying．(difficulty)
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.中的difficulty和trouble都不可数， difficulty/trouble 前可用 some, any, no, great, much, little等修饰。
get accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
(教材P35)Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it. 许多外国人很难适应这种做法。
(1)accustomed adj. 经常的； 惯常的； 习惯了的
be/become/grow accustomed to (doing) sth.
习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustom vt. 使……习惯于
accustom oneself/sb./sth.to (doing) sth.
使……习惯于(做)
①(朗文辞典)It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules and regulations.
我经过了一段时间后才适应了所有新的规章制度。
②I am__accustomed__to__drinking a cup of hot tea every evening，and I feel refreshed again.
→Accustomed__to__drinking a cup of hot tea every evening，I feel refreshed again.
→I accustom__myself__to__drinking a cup of hot tea every evening and I feel refreshed again.
我习惯于每个晚上喝一杯热茶，这样我就会觉得精神焕发。
alike adj.相像， 十分相似
adv.十分相像地； 同样地
(教材P35)Even though we share the same language—with different accents, of course—our customs are not always alike. 尽管我们拥有共同的语言——当然有着不同的口音——我们的风俗却并不总是相似。
alike一词中的a-为常见的表示“不， 无， 非； 缺少； 离； 处于……状态或过程中； 在……之上； 朝着 ”等含义的前缀。 类似词汇还有alive, awake, aboard, asleep, aside, ahead, await, arise, ashamed等等。
①Good management benefits employers and employees alike.
良好的管理对雇主和雇员同样有利。
alike
指事物在性质、 特征或外貌上固有的而不是偶然的相似。 普通用词， 只作表语
like
普通用词， 含义广泛， 指多个或全部特性都相似， 但并非同一个， 也可指在某个特殊的方面偶然相似
similar
强调不同的人或事物之间完全或部分相似， 暗示可暂不考虑或无视其差异之处。 作句子的表语， 通常和介词to连用意为“与……类似”
same
通常和定冠词the连用
②At a distance he looks a bit like James Bond.
从远处看， 他有点像詹姆斯·邦德。
③She has a dictionary similar__to mine.
她有一本和我的类似的词典。
alike是表语形容词， 不能用very修饰， 但可以用much或very much修饰； alike用作形容词时不用于比较级。
④You and your brother are very much alike.
你与你的哥哥长得非常像。
[巧学活用]——选用上述单词填空
(1)My sister and I don’t look alike．
＝My sister doesn’t look like me.
(2)Happy families are all alike;__every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
(3)A cat is similar to a tiger in many respects.
(4)Their ages are the same．
be familiar with 通晓； 对……熟悉
(教材P35)For example, I have fond childhood memories of Bonfire Night, but my American friends are not familiar with that particular festival. 例如， 我有童年时篝火节的温馨回忆， 但是我的美国朋友对那个特别的节日竟然不太了解。
sb.be/get familiar with sth.熟悉……； 与……熟悉起来(指前者对后者的熟悉)
sth.be familiar to sb. ……为……所熟悉(指后者对前者的熟悉)
①Since I am familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find their way in the city.
我熟悉北京， 可以给游客指路。
②His voice on the phone sounded familiar to me.
他在电话上的声音我听起来很熟悉。
③Although the dragon is quite familiar to__ most Chinese, nobody has ever seen a real one.
尽管大多数中国人熟悉龙， 但却从没有人见过真龙。
④He can’t go wrong, because he is quite familiar with the streets here.
他不会走错路的， 因为他对这儿的街道非常熟悉。
[基础练习]——单句改错
(1)After the foreign guests got familiar to the Chinese traditional festivals，they liked to live in China.第一个to→with
(2)He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar with him than his own.with→to
[能力提升]——一句多译
他总是乐于帮助他人， 因此大家都熟悉他。
(3)He is always willing to help others, so everyone here is__familiar__with him.
(4)He is always willing to help others, so he is__familiar__to everyone here.
(教材P34)Waled, why don’t you tell her about the British teacher who opened the present as soon as he received it at the end-of-term ceremony?
瓦利德， 你为什么不给她讲一讲那位英国老师在期末典礼上一收到礼物就打开的事呢？
本句中why don’t you do sth.? 句型表建议， 另一种表达方式为 why not do sth.? 而why not? 作为答语时表示赞同。
表示提出建议的句型：
(1)Would you like/love (to do)sth.? 这是一个很委婉的表示建议的句型， 并带有与对方商量的意味， 意为“你想要(做)……吗？ ”。
(2)Shall I/we do sth.? 此句型是用来提建议或征求对方意见的， 意为“我(们)做……好吗？ ”， 语气委婉， 商量的语气较浓。
(3)Let’s do sth.当你觉得可以直截了当地向对方提出建议， 让对方和自己一起去做某事时， 常用该句型， 意为“咱们做……吧。”该句型后常加附加问句“Shall we? ”， 使语气更加委婉。
(4)主语＋had better (not) do sth.该句型用于表示对下级、 晚辈的劝告， 往往带有命令、 强制的语气， 意为“某人最好(不要)做某事”。
(5)What/How about (doing) sth.? 如果是在讨论式的谈话中， 可用该句型提出一个建议或引出一个新话题。
①Why not have a rest？ 为什么不休息一会儿？
②Would__you__like to look around？ 你想到处看看吗？
③Shall__I__open the window for you？ 给你打开窗户好吗？
④Let’s__go to the cinema this evening.
我们今晚去看电影吧。
⑤You had__better__go back. 你还是回去的好。
⑥How__about doing it now？ 现在来做怎么样？
(教材P35)But what is really interesting is that there are sometimes great cultural differences even between native English speakers.
但真正有趣的是，即使在以英语作为母语的人之间有时也存在着很大的文化差异。
句中what引导主语从句， 连接代词what在引导主语从句的同时， 又在句中作主语， 它具有双重功能， 这也是what与其他连接代词的不同之处； 谓语动词is后面是that引导的表语从句， 从句中不缺句子成分， 因此用从属连词that。what引导名词性从句的六种用法：
(1)表示“……的东西或事情”
(2)表示“……的人或样子”
(3)表示“……的数量或数目”
(4)表示“……的时间”
(5)表示“……的地方”
(6)A is to B what C is to D “A对于B正如/好比/就像C对于D一样”(用来比较说明两种事物相同或相似的关系， 起比喻作用， what相当于连接词as)
①They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.
他们等着看其他的学生要做什么。
②What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
曾经认为不可能的事情现在已经成为了现实。
③What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.
现在是北部撒哈拉沙漠的地方曾是一个文明世界。
④Water is to fish what air is to man.
水对鱼的关系就像空气对人的关系一样。
品句填词
1．They made a rule to ____________(禁止) doctors from advertising their services.
答案：prohibit
2．The company held a ____________(招待会), celebrating its great achievements in production last year.
答案：reception
3．I meant no ____________(冒犯); I just spoke of the fact itself.
答案：offence
4．A good irrigation system is very important to ____________(保证) a higher yield.
答案：ensure
5．He had some difficulty ____________(使适应) himself to the new conditions on his first visit to London last fall.
答案：adjusting
6．If you want to take photos inside the church, you must ask for ____________(许可证) first.
答案：permission
7．Many migrant workers, ____________(习惯于) to city life, wouldn’t like to move back to the countryside.
答案：accustomed
8．I believe these donated books will not only make you more ____________(熟悉) with China but help enhance your Chinese.
答案：familiar
9．She often ____________(打招呼) me in a friendly manner, so I think she is a person with good manners.
答案：greets
10．They all look so ____________(相像) to me that I’m never sure which is which.
答案：alike
单句改错
1．Quality input ensure quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.____________________
答案：ensure→ensures
2．We offer our congratulation to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.____________________
答案：congratulation→congratulations
3．Weather permits, we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.____________________
答案：permits→permitting
4．Students are prohibited smoking inside school.____________________
答案：prohibited后加from
5．We have got accustomed to live in an air-conditioned room.____________________
答案：live→living
完成句子
1．似乎过了很长的一段时间以后， 我睁开了眼睛， 发现自己还躺在床上。
After ________________________________， I opened my eyes and found myself still in bed.
答案：what seemed a very long time
2．1492年哥伦布到达了现在被称为美洲大陆的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached ________________________________．
答案：what is now called America
3．你一定要急急忙忙走吗？ 为何不留下喝杯茶呢？
Must you dash off? ____________________________________ for a cup of tea?
答案：Why not stay/Why don’t you stay
4．无家可归的人时常很难找到工作， 因为他们没有家庭地址。
Homeless people often have difficulty ________________________ because they have no home addresses.
答案：(in) finding a job
5．我们的收入是十年前的双倍。
Our income is now double __________________ ten years ago.
答案：what it was
课文语法填空
Ma Li needs some help with her homework—it’s about cultural differences.Waled and Peter give her some explanations.
In 1.____________(west) countries, it is rude not 2.____________(open) a present as soon as you receive one.3.____________(strange), in Korean wedding ceremonies, they usually have a live hen and a rooster 4.____________ a part of the ceremony because they believe roosters can drive bad spirits 5.____________ and if the hen lays an egg during the wedding, which 6.____________(consider) lucky, everyone will congratulate them.
When in Brunei, please do remember not 7.____________(point) with your first finger, 8.____________ will cause offence, and take off your shoes before 9.____________(go) into someone’s house.
It is more interesting 10.____________ there are sometimes great cultural differences even between native English speakers!
Do you want to understand foreigners better? Learn about their traditional customs first.
答案：1.western 2.to open 3.Strangely 4.as 5.away
6．is considered 7.to point 8.which 9.going 10.that
A卷
单句语法填空
1．They have decided to make a few ____________(adjust) to their travelling plan.
答案：adjustments
2．____________(ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.
答案：To ensure
3．After arriving in New York, the Chinese college students found it rather hard to adjust to ____________(live) on his own.
答案：living
4．Unlike you, I am not ____________(accustom) to lying.
答案：accustomed
5．It is necessary to prohibit people ____________(use) mobile phones in some places.
答案：using
6．On arriving there, we expressed our ____________(congratulate) to him on his success.
答案：congratulations
7．It’s illegal to read people’s private letters without ____________(permit)．
答案：permission
8．Exposure to the English language which is used in our daily life can make people familiar ____________ them.
答案：with
9．He took ____________(offend)because I said his spelling was bad.
答案：offence
10．Famous physicists from all over the world came to the US ____________(celebrate) the anniversary of Albert Einstein’s birth.
答案：to celebrate
阅读理解
They are the sort of friends who are so close that they trust each other with their lives.If one falls, the other is there to catch him.
They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident, and Corbett, an experienced rock climber.Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2，000 foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes(路线)．
During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes(尖状物) that guided the ropes and climbed up.Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again.This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.
Wellman’s job was not easy either.He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone.In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5，000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.
However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing.“He knew that was how I got injured，”Wellman said.Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.
Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth.At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly.Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet.His quick action probably saved his friend’s life.
“Your partner can save your life—you can save your partner’s life，”Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends.“There are real close ties.”
【解题导语】 友谊能克服困难，甚至挽救生命。Wellman和Corbett的攀岩经历很好地印证了友谊之珍贵。
1．Which of the following was a challenge for Corbett in climbing Half Dome?
A．To climb up to remove the spikes.
B．To climb it twice.
C．To do 5，000 pull-ups up the rope.
D．To lock the rope in place.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“...Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again.”可知，Corbett实际上是在同样的高度爬了两次。因此B项正确。
2．Why did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met?
A．Corbett was poorly trained.
B．Wellman had lost interest in climbing.
C．Corbett didn’t want to hurt Wellman.
D．Wellman hadn’t decided whether to climb again.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“He knew that was how I got injured...”可知，Corbett与Wellman从不谈论关于攀岩的话题是因为Corbett知道Wellman是如何受伤的，因此不想伤害他。因此C项正确。
3．What do we know about Wellman?
A．He climbed Half Dome by himself.
B．He was disabled in a traffic accident.
C．He stopped rock-climbing for some time.
D．He was saved by Corbett during the climb.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.”可知，Wellman有一段时间不愿攀岩，但是Corbett并没有劝他而是直到Wellman自愿重新开始时才在一起训练。故C项正确。
4．The main idea of the text is that____________．
A．two heads are better than one
B．friendship is precious in life
C．the disabled should never give up
D．a man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated
B 解析：主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的意思可知作者之所以写这篇文章就是想告诉人们友谊在人的一生中是非常珍贵的。故B项正确。A项的意思是“两人智慧胜于一人”；C项的意思是“残疾人绝不应该放弃”；D项的意思是“一个人可以被毁灭但不可以被打败”。这三项均不符合文意。
完形填空
I remember as a small child people would often ask me, “What are you going to be when you grow up？”
Well, it __1__ being a cowboy or some super hero.Later it was a fireman, a policeman, a lawyer...As I grew older my dreams for the future __2__．When, at last, I was in college, I had set my __3__ on becoming a preacher(牧师) like my father.__4__ I studied and prepared for that life.I reached the __5__ in the end and I was preaching __6__ full time for much of my adult life.
However, for many, there is a“thief”that goes around stealing our __7____．Sometimes, the thief will come as a parent, a relative, or a friend, but the __8__ thief is usually ourselves.
We find __9__ just about reaching the top, and a“small” __10__ inside says，“You’ll never make __11__．”“You can’t possibly do this.”On and on the“small”voice __12__ our failure.Failure, though, is exactly how dreams are __13__．It is one of the most important tools we have because it teaches us invaluable __14__．When we learn these lessons well, we are ready __15__ success.
The message I always gave my children was that you __16__ do anything that your heart desires.Remember the saying，“Nothing is __17__ to a willing heart.”There are __18__“overnight”successes, but with determination, they will come.Imagine yourself in the life you dream of __19__．Then in your heart, believe it will happen to you.Then work, work, work.You’ll get the picture.
So, be sure to your dream, and don’t let anyone __20__ it from you—especially yourself.
【解题导语】 本文讲述的是如何不让自己的梦想被别人偷走，尤其是自己。阻碍我们梦想实现的最大敌人其实就是我们自己。不要怀疑自己的能力，要相信自己，只要这样就没有实现不了的愿望，没有干不成功的事情。
1．A.insisted on B．felt like
C．started out D．kept on
C 解析：insist on坚持； keep on 持续； feel like想要，喜欢；start out开始，动身，启程。四者都可接动名词作宾语，根据句意可知，此处应为“起初的梦想是”，故答案为C。
2．A.failed B．changed
C．planned D．left
B 解析：本句意思为“随着年龄的增长，我未来的梦想也发生了变化”。change 改变；故答案为B。
3．A.eyes B．brain
C．heart D．experience
C 解析：本句意为“后来上大学的时候我决定要成为一名像我爸爸一样的牧师”。set one’s heart on doing sth.决心要(某物或做某事)。故答案为C。
4．A.But B．Or
C．So D．Yet
C 解析：由上文可知此处应为表因果关系的连词。由于目标已经确定，所以我努力学习，并为此而奋斗。故答案为C。
5．A.agreement B．decision
C．position D．aim
D 解析：本句意为“我最终实现了我的目标”，aim目标；故答案为D。
6．A.hardly B．slightly
C．nearly D．extremely
C 解析：结合下文“梦想被偷走”，可知作者“几乎专职地……”nearly 几乎；故答案为C。
7．A.money B．plan
C．friends D．dreams
D 解析：由上文谈论梦想可知，此处应为“偷走我们的梦想”。故答案为D。
8．A.tallest B．greatest
C．poorest D．oldest
B 解析：but表语义转折，告诉我们此处应为greatest，即“最大的敌人是我们自己”。故答案为B。
9．A.ourselves B．yourselves
C．themselves D．itself
A 解析：find oneself发现自己处于某种状态。故答案为A。
10．A.sound B．voice
C．noise D．speech
B 解析：noise嘈杂声；sound指一切能听到的声音；voice指说话的声音；speech指演讲、讲话。由下文On and on the“small”voice这一语境可知此处应为voice。
11．A.it B．him
C．her D．me
A 解析：此处指一些消极的声音，“你永远做不到。”make it是固定搭配，意思为“获得成功”。
12．A.expects B．predicts
C．answers D．suffers
B 解析：根据上文可知，此处意为：这些消极的声音预言着我们的失败。由句意可知此处应为可“预测，预见”某种失败。
13．A.met B．defended
C．understood D．realized
D 解析：句意“失败恰恰是梦想实现的方式”， realized 实现；可知答案为D。
14．A.stages B．suggestions
C．lessons D．choices
C 解析： 根据上文可知，此处意为：失败教给我们宝贵的道理。teach sb.a lesson/lessons 教训某人。故答案为C。
15．A.to B．for
C．at D．with
B 解析： 当我们把这些道理学好了，我们就为成功做好了准备。be ready...for 为……作好准备。故答案为B。
16．A.used to B．are able to
C．have to D．ought to
B 解析：句意“你们能做好内心想做的任何事情”。 are able to 能够；故答案为B。
17．A.interesting B．impossible
C．necessary D．important
B 解析：“对于一个有意志力的人来说，任何事情都是有可能的”。impossible 不可能的，故答案为B。
18．A.many B．a few
C．no D．some
C 解析：“没有一夜之间获得成功的，但只要有决心，就能成功”。故答案为C。
19．A.living B．spending
C．planning D．changing
A 解析： 想想你梦想要过的生活。 live a．..life过……生活，the life后面是一个定语从句。
20．A.buy B．fool
C．borrow D．steal
D 解析：“坚守你的梦想，不要让别人，尤其是你自己，把梦想偷走”。steal偷。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Recently I started discovering one thing which amazes me so much：how perfect everything is in the world we are living in！Just look, all day long we are busy working and just when we get tired, the night comes in, so we may sleep and relax.One day we may enjoy the bright sun and another day, when we get tired of the sun, the rain pours down.
A few months ago I was so happy with my life.Later, I got tired from the happiness.I wished I would have some trials to strengthen my character and learn something new about life.I got what I wanted.Shortly after, I got severe angina(心绞痛), so I had to stay at home for several weeks.During this period I had time to rethink my life and discover myself.The lessons were terrific, but I felt grateful for this time.
Another example：I have a friend, who primarily thinks about having fun.Once I thought why we get along well with each other and what in me attracts her.A couple of days ago I found the answer.I like calmness and silence.She likes noise and agitation(热闹)．We attract each other just to balance ourselves, in other words, to give some drive to me and some calmness to her!
So remember that the universe is so wise that it will try to balance you.As for me, this is perfect because extremes create suffering: too much food—too little food, too cold—too hot, too much fun—too little fun.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了作者对生活中的每一件事情都非常开心，并且举例告诉我们生活中总是存在着一种平衡，所以我们在生活中不要走极端。
1．We can learn from the first paragraph that the author________．
A．always feels down on rainy days
B．always tries his best to do everything
C．feels happy with everything in life
D．is amazed at the changes in life
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“...how perfect everything is in the world we are living in！”可知作者对生活中的每一件事情都非常开心。故选C。
2．The example given in the third paragraph is to show that________．
A．it’s necessary to get along with different people
B．there exists a kind of balance in life
C．a person shouldn’t just think of fun in life
D．one should put others’ interests above his own
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“We attract each other just to balance ourselves, in other words, to give some drive to me and some calmness to her！”可知，第三段中给出的例子是为了告诉我们：生活中存在着一种平衡。所以选B。
3．The author would probably agree that________．
A．we shouldn’t go to extremes in life
B．we should be nice to others and ourselves
C．we should adapt ourselves to changes in life
D．life can be annoying sometimes
A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“As for me，this is perfect because extremes create suffering：too much food—too little food，too cold—too hot，too much fun—too little fun.”可知，我们在生活中不要走极端。
B
Part drama, part dark comedy, new film To the Bone talks about a young woman’s struggle with anorexia(厌食症). Though the film already got generally positive reviews at this year’s Sundance Film Festival, it has caused a hot Twitter debate around whether the film romanticizes anorexia and whether it could be harmful for those with eating disorders.
Critics of the film have focused on the leading role Ellen: a young, thin, white woman with anorexia. They think there’re some plots that have made eating disorders look like trends instead of life-threatening illnesses. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, anorexia has the highest mortality rate(死亡率) of any mental illness. Thirty million Americans struggle with eating disorders at some point in their lives.
Director Marti Noxon based the film on her own battle with anorexia. She was aware of the film’s potential to trigger harmful effects and then tried to be really careful in the way she showed how Ellen looked. “You want to help other people understand something that they’ve never experienced, but you also want people who have experienced it to feel understood and seen and to give people hope，” she added. “We were balancing a lot. I wanted to avoid the idea that the perfectionist quality of anorexics is their most obvious character.”
The film caught the attention of Liana Rosenman, who founded Project Heal, an organization that helps eating disorder sufferers afford treatment. “I thought it was very powerful，” Rosenman said. “There is a sense of humor and wittiness in it as well as just understanding what it’s like to have an eating disorder.” Project Heal recently played To the Bone in New York and Los Angeles, but it has faced sharp criticism from members of their community on social media.
【解题导语】 一部描述厌食症的电影引发争议，有些人认为它能帮助人们了解厌食症，有些人害怕它会产生诱发作用。
4．What do we know about the film To the Bone from Paragraph 1?
A．It tells the growth story about a girl.
B．It has received mixed comments.
C．It is popular among young people.
D．Twitter users have no interest in it.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Though the film already got generally positive reviews...whether it could be harmful for those with eating disorders.可知，人们对这部电影褒贬不一。
5．What does the underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Fight. B．Avoid.
C．Cause. D．Remove.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的She was aware of the film’s potential to...tried to be really careful in the way she showed how Ellen looked.可知，她意识到了这部电影有可能带来不良影响，所以很谨慎。可推测trigger意为“诱发”。
6．What do Noxon’s words suggest?
A．She admitted the film is harmful to people.
B．She tried hard to make the film benefit people.
C．All those suffering from anorexia want to be perfect.
D．People who haven’t experienced anorexia can’t
understand it.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的You want to help other people understand...experienced it to feel understood and seen and to give people hope...balancing a lot.可推断，Noxon努力平衡了很多因素来让这部电影对未曾经历过厌食症和经历过厌食症的人都有利。
7．What’s Rosenman’s attitude towards the film?
A．Supportive. B．Negative.
C．Uncertain. D．Unconcerned.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的I thought it was very powerful...There is a sense of humor and wittiness in it...可推断，Rosenman对这部电影持支持态度。
七选五
Five Ways to Build Self-confidence
?Walk Faster
One of the easiest ways to tell how a person feels about herself is to examine her walk.People with confidence walk quickly.They have places to go, people to see, or important work to do.Even if you aren’t in a hurry, you can increase your self-confidence by putting some energy in your step.1.________
?2.________
One of the best ways to build confidence is listening to an inspiring speech.Unluckily, opportunities to listen to a great speaker are few.You can fill this need by creating a personal commercial.Write a 30-60 second speech that focuses on your strengths and goals.Then recite it in front of the mirror aloud whenever you need a confidence push.
?Sit in the Front Row
In schools, offices and some other public places, people always sit at the back of the room.3.________ This reflects a lack of self-confidence.By deciding to sit in the front row, you can get over this meaningless fear and build your self-confidence.
?Speak Up
During group discussions many people never express their opinions because they’re afraid that people will judge them for their saying something stupid.4.________ By making an effort to express your opinions at least once in every group discussion, you will become a better public speaker, more confident in your own thoughts and recognized as a leader by your peers(同龄人)．
?Work Out
Along the same lines as personal appearance, physical fitness has a huge effect on self-confidence.5.________ By making your body fit and strong.You improve your physical appearance, refresh yourself, and accomplish something positive.
A．Listen to an Inspiring Speech
B．Create a Personal Speech
C．In fact most people feel good after a walk.
D．Most people prefer that because they are afraid of being noticed.
E．In fact most people are dealing with the same fear.
F．Walking 25% faster will make you look and feel more important.
G．If you are out of shape, you’ll feel insecure, unattractive, and less energetic.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了建立自信的五个提示。
1．F 解析：本条提示是“快步走”，说的是快步走的好处，所以此处应该说的是走得快可能产生的结果，故填F项(快走25%会使你看上去和感觉更重要)。
2．B 解析：根据第一句One of the best ways to build confidence is listening ...your strengths and goals.可知，此处的提示是，进行一次个人演讲。Speech是提示词。
3．D 解析：上文In schools, offices and some other public places, people always sit at the back of the room.说的是，很多人喜欢坐在后排，结合常识可知，坐在后排是为了不容易被注意到。与D项吻合。
4．E 解析：根据上文的because they’re afraid that people will judge them for their saying something stupid可知，人们害怕别人通过自己说的内容判断自己是愚蠢的，可知，此处填E项。be afraid与the same fear是提示词。
5．G 解析：根据下文的By making your body fit and strong.You improve your physical appearance, refresh yourself, and accomplish something positive.可知，此处说的是外貌方面，与G项吻合。
短文改错
When I first learn to write in English, I ran into many difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into Chinese. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I follow her advice and put down 100 words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me.
答案：
When I first to write in English, I ran into many difficulties. The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate into Chinese. My teacher advised me to keep diary. I her advice and put down 100 words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy to myself on paper as I was learning to express in simple English. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. She liked it very much and it to the class. All said the story was a good one. Their were a great encouragement to me.
课件54张PPT。Unit 3 Understanding each otherSection Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language Points本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．They made a rule to ____________(禁止) doctors from advertising their services.
答案：prohibit
2．The company held a ____________(招待会), celebrating its great achievements in production last year.
答案：reception
3．I meant no ____________(冒犯); I just spoke of the fact itself.
答案：offence
4．A good irrigation system is very important to ____________(保证) a higher yield.
答案：ensure
5．He had some difficulty ____________(使适应) himself to the new conditions on his first visit to London last fall.
答案：adjusting
6．If you want to take photos inside the church, you must ask for ____________(许可证) first.
答案：permission
7．Many migrant workers, ____________(习惯于) to city life, wouldn’t like to move back to the countryside.
答案：accustomed
8．I believe these donated books will not only make you more ____________(熟悉) with China but help enhance your Chinese.
答案：familiar
9．She often ____________(打招呼) me in a friendly manner, so I think she is a person with good manners.
答案：greets
10．They all look so ____________(相像) to me that I’m never sure which is which.
答案：alike
单句改错
1．Quality input ensure quality output, whether it is speaking or writing.____________________
答案：ensure→ensures
2．We offer our congratulation to you on your passing the College Entrance Examination.____________________
答案：congratulation→congratulations
3．Weather permits, we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.____________________
答案：permits→permitting
4．Students are prohibited smoking inside school.____________________
答案：prohibited后加from
5．We have got accustomed to live in an air-conditioned room.____________________
答案：live→living
完成句子
1．似乎过了很长的一段时间以后， 我睁开了眼睛， 发现自己还躺在床上。
After ________________________________， I opened my eyes and found myself still in bed.
答案：what seemed a very long time
2．1492年哥伦布到达了现在被称为美洲大陆的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached ________________________________．
答案：what is now called America
3．你一定要急急忙忙走吗？ 为何不留下喝杯茶呢？
Must you dash off? ____________________________________ for a cup of tea?
答案：Why not stay/Why don’t you stay
4．无家可归的人时常很难找到工作， 因为他们没有家庭地址。
Homeless people often have difficulty ________________________ because they have no home addresses.
答案：(in) finding a job
5．我们的收入是十年前的双倍。
Our income is now double __________________ ten years ago.
答案：what it was
课文语法填空
Ma Li needs some help with her homework—it’s about cultural differences.Waled and Peter give her some explanations.
In 1.____________(west) countries, it is rude not 2.____________(open) a present as soon as you receive one.3.____________(strange), in Korean wedding ceremonies, they usually have a live hen and a rooster 4.____________ a part of the ceremony because they believe roosters can drive bad spirits 5.____________ and if the hen lays an egg during the wedding, which 6.____________(consider) lucky, everyone will congratulate them.
When in Brunei, please do remember not 7.____________(point) with your first finger, 8.____________ will cause offence, and take off your shoes before 9.____________(go) into someone’s house.
It is more interesting 10.____________ there are sometimes great cultural differences even between native English speakers!
Do you want to understand foreigners better? Learn about their traditional customs first.
答案：1.western 2.to open 3.Strangely 4.as 5.away
6．is considered 7.to point 8.which 9.going 10.that
A卷
单句语法填空
1．They have decided to make a few ____________(adjust) to their travelling plan.
答案：adjustments
2．____________(ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.
答案：To ensure
3．After arriving in New York, the Chinese college students found it rather hard to adjust to ____________(live) on his own.
答案：living
4．Unlike you, I am not ____________(accustom) to lying.
答案：accustomed
5．It is necessary to prohibit people ____________(use) mobile phones in some places.
答案：using
6．On arriving there, we expressed our ____________(congratulate) to him on his success.
答案：congratulations
7．It’s illegal to read people’s private letters without ____________(permit)．
答案：permission
8．Exposure to the English language which is used in our daily life can make people familiar ____________ them.
答案：with
9．He took ____________(offend)because I said his spelling was bad.
答案：offence
10．Famous physicists from all over the world came to the US ____________(celebrate) the anniversary of Albert Einstein’s birth.
答案：to celebrate
阅读理解
They are the sort of friends who are so close that they trust each other with their lives.If one falls, the other is there to catch him.
They are Wellman, whose legs were permanently injured nine years ago in a rock-climbing accident, and Corbett, an experienced rock climber.Together, they climbed up Half Dome, the famous 2，000 foot rock in the Yosemite National Park, through one of the most difficult routes(路线)．
During the climb, Corbett took the lead, hit in the metal spikes(尖状物) that guided the ropes and climbed up.Then, after Wellman pulled himself up the rope, Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again.This process was repeated time and again, inch by inch, for 13 days.
Wellman’s job was not easy either.He got himself up the rope through upper body strength alone.In all, Wellman figured that he had done 5，000 pull-ups up the rope on the climb.
However, when the two men first met, they never talked about climbing.“He knew that was how I got injured，”Wellman said.Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.
Their climb of Half Dome was not all smooth.At one point, pieces of rock gave way, and Corbett dropped down quickly.Wellman locked their rope in place, stopping the fall at 20 feet.His quick action probably saved his friend’s life.
“Your partner can save your life—you can save your partner’s life，”Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends.“There are real close ties.”
【解题导语】 友谊能克服困难，甚至挽救生命。Wellman和Corbett的攀岩经历很好地印证了友谊之珍贵。
1．Which of the following was a challenge for Corbett in climbing Half Dome?
A．To climb up to remove the spikes.
B．To climb it twice.
C．To do 5，000 pull-ups up the rope.
D．To lock the rope in place.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“...Corbett went down to remove the spikes and climbed up again.”可知，Corbett实际上是在同样的高度爬了两次。因此B项正确。
2．Why did the two men never talk about climbing when they first met?
A．Corbett was poorly trained.
B．Wellman had lost interest in climbing.
C．Corbett didn’t want to hurt Wellman.
D．Wellman hadn’t decided whether to climb again.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“He knew that was how I got injured...”可知，Corbett与Wellman从不谈论关于攀岩的话题是因为Corbett知道Wellman是如何受伤的，因此不想伤害他。因此C项正确。
3．What do we know about Wellman?
A．He climbed Half Dome by himself.
B．He was disabled in a traffic accident.
C．He stopped rock-climbing for some time.
D．He was saved by Corbett during the climb.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“Until one day Wellman decided that he wanted to climb again and they started training.”可知，Wellman有一段时间不愿攀岩，但是Corbett并没有劝他而是直到Wellman自愿重新开始时才在一起训练。故C项正确。
4．The main idea of the text is that____________．
A．two heads are better than one
B．friendship is precious in life
C．the disabled should never give up
D．a man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated
B 解析：主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的意思可知作者之所以写这篇文章就是想告诉人们友谊在人的一生中是非常珍贵的。故B项正确。A项的意思是“两人智慧胜于一人”；C项的意思是“残疾人绝不应该放弃”；D项的意思是“一个人可以被毁灭但不可以被打败”。这三项均不符合文意。
完形填空
I remember as a small child people would often ask me, “What are you going to be when you grow up？”
Well, it __1__ being a cowboy or some super hero.Later it was a fireman, a policeman, a lawyer...As I grew older my dreams for the future __2__．When, at last, I was in college, I had set my __3__ on becoming a preacher(牧师) like my father.__4__ I studied and prepared for that life.I reached the __5__ in the end and I was preaching __6__ full time for much of my adult life.
However, for many, there is a“thief”that goes around stealing our __7____．Sometimes, the thief will come as a parent, a relative, or a friend, but the __8__ thief is usually ourselves.
We find __9__ just about reaching the top, and a“small” __10__ inside says，“You’ll never make __11__．”“You can’t possibly do this.”On and on the“small”voice __12__ our failure.Failure, though, is exactly how dreams are __13__．It is one of the most important tools we have because it teaches us invaluable __14__．When we learn these lessons well, we are ready __15__ success.
The message I always gave my children was that you __16__ do anything that your heart desires.Remember the saying，“Nothing is __17__ to a willing heart.”There are __18__“overnight”successes, but with determination, they will come.Imagine yourself in the life you dream of __19__．Then in your heart, believe it will happen to you.Then work, work, work.You’ll get the picture.
So, be sure to your dream, and don’t let anyone __20__ it from you—especially yourself.
【解题导语】 本文讲述的是如何不让自己的梦想被别人偷走，尤其是自己。阻碍我们梦想实现的最大敌人其实就是我们自己。不要怀疑自己的能力，要相信自己，只要这样就没有实现不了的愿望，没有干不成功的事情。
1．A.insisted on B．felt like
C．started out D．kept on
C 解析：insist on坚持； keep on 持续； feel like想要，喜欢；start out开始，动身，启程。四者都可接动名词作宾语，根据句意可知，此处应为“起初的梦想是”，故答案为C。
2．A.failed B．changed
C．planned D．left
B 解析：本句意思为“随着年龄的增长，我未来的梦想也发生了变化”。change 改变；故答案为B。
3．A.eyes B．brain
C．heart D．experience
C 解析：本句意为“后来上大学的时候我决定要成为一名像我爸爸一样的牧师”。set one’s heart on doing sth.决心要(某物或做某事)。故答案为C。
4．A.But B．Or
C．So D．Yet
C 解析：由上文可知此处应为表因果关系的连词。由于目标已经确定，所以我努力学习，并为此而奋斗。故答案为C。
5．A.agreement B．decision
C．position D．aim
D 解析：本句意为“我最终实现了我的目标”，aim目标；故答案为D。
6．A.hardly B．slightly
C．nearly D．extremely
C 解析：结合下文“梦想被偷走”，可知作者“几乎专职地……”nearly 几乎；故答案为C。
7．A.money B．plan
C．friends D．dreams
D 解析：由上文谈论梦想可知，此处应为“偷走我们的梦想”。故答案为D。
8．A.tallest B．greatest
C．poorest D．oldest
B 解析：but表语义转折，告诉我们此处应为greatest，即“最大的敌人是我们自己”。故答案为B。
9．A.ourselves B．yourselves
C．themselves D．itself
A 解析：find oneself发现自己处于某种状态。故答案为A。
10．A.sound B．voice
C．noise D．speech
B 解析：noise嘈杂声；sound指一切能听到的声音；voice指说话的声音；speech指演讲、讲话。由下文On and on the“small”voice这一语境可知此处应为voice。
11．A.it B．him
C．her D．me
A 解析：此处指一些消极的声音，“你永远做不到。”make it是固定搭配，意思为“获得成功”。
12．A.expects B．predicts
C．answers D．suffers
B 解析：根据上文可知，此处意为：这些消极的声音预言着我们的失败。由句意可知此处应为可“预测，预见”某种失败。
13．A.met B．defended
C．understood D．realized
D 解析：句意“失败恰恰是梦想实现的方式”， realized 实现；可知答案为D。
14．A.stages B．suggestions
C．lessons D．choices
C 解析： 根据上文可知，此处意为：失败教给我们宝贵的道理。teach sb.a lesson/lessons 教训某人。故答案为C。
15．A.to B．for
C．at D．with
B 解析： 当我们把这些道理学好了，我们就为成功做好了准备。be ready...for 为……作好准备。故答案为B。
16．A.used to B．are able to
C．have to D．ought to
B 解析：句意“你们能做好内心想做的任何事情”。 are able to 能够；故答案为B。
17．A.interesting B．impossible
C．necessary D．important
B 解析：“对于一个有意志力的人来说，任何事情都是有可能的”。impossible 不可能的，故答案为B。
18．A.many B．a few
C．no D．some
C 解析：“没有一夜之间获得成功的，但只要有决心，就能成功”。故答案为C。
19．A.living B．spending
C．planning D．changing
A 解析： 想想你梦想要过的生活。 live a．..life过……生活，the life后面是一个定语从句。
20．A.buy B．fool
C．borrow D．steal
D 解析：“坚守你的梦想，不要让别人，尤其是你自己，把梦想偷走”。steal偷。
B卷
阅读理解
A
Recently I started discovering one thing which amazes me so much：how perfect everything is in the world we are living in！Just look, all day long we are busy working and just when we get tired, the night comes in, so we may sleep and relax.One day we may enjoy the bright sun and another day, when we get tired of the sun, the rain pours down.
A few months ago I was so happy with my life.Later, I got tired from the happiness.I wished I would have some trials to strengthen my character and learn something new about life.I got what I wanted.Shortly after, I got severe angina(心绞痛), so I had to stay at home for several weeks.During this period I had time to rethink my life and discover myself.The lessons were terrific, but I felt grateful for this time.
Another example：I have a friend, who primarily thinks about having fun.Once I thought why we get along well with each other and what in me attracts her.A couple of days ago I found the answer.I like calmness and silence.She likes noise and agitation(热闹)．We attract each other just to balance ourselves, in other words, to give some drive to me and some calmness to her!
So remember that the universe is so wise that it will try to balance you.As for me, this is perfect because extremes create suffering: too much food—too little food, too cold—too hot, too much fun—too little fun.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了作者对生活中的每一件事情都非常开心，并且举例告诉我们生活中总是存在着一种平衡，所以我们在生活中不要走极端。
1．We can learn from the first paragraph that the author________．
A．always feels down on rainy days
B．always tries his best to do everything
C．feels happy with everything in life
D．is amazed at the changes in life
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的“...how perfect everything is in the world we are living in！”可知作者对生活中的每一件事情都非常开心。故选C。
2．The example given in the third paragraph is to show that________．
A．it’s necessary to get along with different people
B．there exists a kind of balance in life
C．a person shouldn’t just think of fun in life
D．one should put others’ interests above his own
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“We attract each other just to balance ourselves, in other words, to give some drive to me and some calmness to her！”可知，第三段中给出的例子是为了告诉我们：生活中存在着一种平衡。所以选B。
3．The author would probably agree that________．
A．we shouldn’t go to extremes in life
B．we should be nice to others and ourselves
C．we should adapt ourselves to changes in life
D．life can be annoying sometimes
A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“As for me，this is perfect because extremes create suffering：too much food—too little food，too cold—too hot，too much fun—too little fun.”可知，我们在生活中不要走极端。
B
Part drama, part dark comedy, new film To the Bone talks about a young woman’s struggle with anorexia(厌食症). Though the film already got generally positive reviews at this year’s Sundance Film Festival, it has caused a hot Twitter debate around whether the film romanticizes anorexia and whether it could be harmful for those with eating disorders.
Critics of the film have focused on the leading role Ellen: a young, thin, white woman with anorexia. They think there’re some plots that have made eating disorders look like trends instead of life-threatening illnesses. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, anorexia has the highest mortality rate(死亡率) of any mental illness. Thirty million Americans struggle with eating disorders at some point in their lives.
Director Marti Noxon based the film on her own battle with anorexia. She was aware of the film’s potential to trigger harmful effects and then tried to be really careful in the way she showed how Ellen looked. “You want to help other people understand something that they’ve never experienced, but you also want people who have experienced it to feel understood and seen and to give people hope，” she added. “We were balancing a lot. I wanted to avoid the idea that the perfectionist quality of anorexics is their most obvious character.”
The film caught the attention of Liana Rosenman, who founded Project Heal, an organization that helps eating disorder sufferers afford treatment. “I thought it was very powerful，” Rosenman said. “There is a sense of humor and wittiness in it as well as just understanding what it’s like to have an eating disorder.” Project Heal recently played To the Bone in New York and Los Angeles, but it has faced sharp criticism from members of their community on social media.
【解题导语】 一部描述厌食症的电影引发争议，有些人认为它能帮助人们了解厌食症，有些人害怕它会产生诱发作用。
4．What do we know about the film To the Bone from Paragraph 1?
A．It tells the growth story about a girl.
B．It has received mixed comments.
C．It is popular among young people.
D．Twitter users have no interest in it.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Though the film already got generally positive reviews...whether it could be harmful for those with eating disorders.可知，人们对这部电影褒贬不一。
5．What does the underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Fight. B．Avoid.
C．Cause. D．Remove.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的She was aware of the film’s potential to...tried to be really careful in the way she showed how Ellen looked.可知，她意识到了这部电影有可能带来不良影响，所以很谨慎。可推测trigger意为“诱发”。
6．What do Noxon’s words suggest?
A．She admitted the film is harmful to people.
B．She tried hard to make the film benefit people.
C．All those suffering from anorexia want to be perfect.
D．People who haven’t experienced anorexia can’t
understand it.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的You want to help other people understand...experienced it to feel understood and seen and to give people hope...balancing a lot.可推断，Noxon努力平衡了很多因素来让这部电影对未曾经历过厌食症和经历过厌食症的人都有利。
7．What’s Rosenman’s attitude towards the film?
A．Supportive. B．Negative.
C．Uncertain. D．Unconcerned.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段中的I thought it was very powerful...There is a sense of humor and wittiness in it...可推断，Rosenman对这部电影持支持态度。
七选五
Five Ways to Build Self-confidence
?Walk Faster
One of the easiest ways to tell how a person feels about herself is to examine her walk.People with confidence walk quickly.They have places to go, people to see, or important work to do.Even if you aren’t in a hurry, you can increase your self-confidence by putting some energy in your step.1.________
?2.________
One of the best ways to build confidence is listening to an inspiring speech.Unluckily, opportunities to listen to a great speaker are few.You can fill this need by creating a personal commercial.Write a 30-60 second speech that focuses on your strengths and goals.Then recite it in front of the mirror aloud whenever you need a confidence push.
?Sit in the Front Row
In schools, offices and some other public places, people always sit at the back of the room.3.________ This reflects a lack of self-confidence.By deciding to sit in the front row, you can get over this meaningless fear and build your self-confidence.
?Speak Up
During group discussions many people never express their opinions because they’re afraid that people will judge them for their saying something stupid.4.________ By making an effort to express your opinions at least once in every group discussion, you will become a better public speaker, more confident in your own thoughts and recognized as a leader by your peers(同龄人)．
?Work Out
Along the same lines as personal appearance, physical fitness has a huge effect on self-confidence.5.________ By making your body fit and strong.You improve your physical appearance, refresh yourself, and accomplish something positive.
A．Listen to an Inspiring Speech
B．Create a Personal Speech
C．In fact most people feel good after a walk.
D．Most people prefer that because they are afraid of being noticed.
E．In fact most people are dealing with the same fear.
F．Walking 25% faster will make you look and feel more important.
G．If you are out of shape, you’ll feel insecure, unattractive, and less energetic.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了建立自信的五个提示。
1．F 解析：本条提示是“快步走”，说的是快步走的好处，所以此处应该说的是走得快可能产生的结果，故填F项(快走25%会使你看上去和感觉更重要)。
2．B 解析：根据第一句One of the best ways to build confidence is listening ...your strengths and goals.可知，此处的提示是，进行一次个人演讲。Speech是提示词。
3．D 解析：上文In schools, offices and some other public places, people always sit at the back of the room.说的是，很多人喜欢坐在后排，结合常识可知，坐在后排是为了不容易被注意到。与D项吻合。
4．E 解析：根据上文的because they’re afraid that people will judge them for their saying something stupid可知，人们害怕别人通过自己说的内容判断自己是愚蠢的，可知，此处填E项。be afraid与the same fear是提示词。
5．G 解析：根据下文的By making your body fit and strong.You improve your physical appearance, refresh yourself, and accomplish something positive.可知，此处说的是外貌方面，与G项吻合。
短文改错
When I first learn to write in English, I ran into many difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into Chinese. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I follow her advice and put down 100 words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me.
答案：
When I first to write in English, I ran into many difficulties. The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate into Chinese. My teacher advised me to keep diary. I her advice and put down 100 words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy to myself on paper as I was learning to express in simple English. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. She liked it very much and it to the class. All said the story was a good one. Their were a great encouragement to me.
Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & Project
1. religion n． 宗教
2. gesture n. 手势； 姿势； 示意动作
3. feast n. 盛宴， 宴会； 节日
4. account n. 描述， 叙述
5. plain n. 平原
adj. 清楚的， 明显的； 坦诚的； 朴素的
6. arrow n. 箭； 箭头标记
7. retell vt. 复述， 转述
8．expectation n．期望， 盼望→expect v．预期；期待
9．slight adj.轻微的→slightly adv.轻微地；稍微
10．minority n．少数民族； 少数， 少数人 →majority n．大多数；多数
11．bravery n．勇敢 →brave adj.勇敢的；英勇的 →bravely adv.勇敢地
12．govern vt.统治； 控制， 支配 →government n．政府；政体；统治
13．musical adj.音乐的n.音乐剧 →music n．音乐；美妙的声音；乐谱 →musician n．音乐家
14．mysterious adj.神秘的， 奇怪的 →mysteriously adv.神秘地；故弄玄虚地 →mystery n．谜，神秘；神秘的人或事物
15．steam vt.& vi.蒸， 蒸发n.蒸汽 →steamed adj.蒸熟的
1. let__alone 更不用说
2. show__somebody__around 带某人参观、 游览
3. take__up 占据(时间或空间)
4. have__power__over 控制， 支配
5. be__connected__with 与……有关系
6. as__cool__as__a__cucumber 非常冷静
7. give__out 分发； 发出
8. be__home__to 是……的家园/栖息地
9. account__for 说明(原因等); 作出解释
10. belong__to 属于
1．名词性从句
I have no idea what__he__will__do__with them all, and it took up a lot of time.
我不知道他将怎样处理这些礼物， 而且买礼物花了我们很多时间。
2．with复合结构
In Thailand and other parts of South-East Asia, the normal greeting is a slight bow with__the__hands__pressed__together．
在泰国和东南亚的其他一些地区， 通常的打招呼方式是双手合十并微微鞠躬。
3．状语从句的省略
While__staying__with__the__Inuit__people you will have the chance to ride on a dog sled and travel in a seal-skin boat.
在同因纽特人待在一起的时候， 你将有机会乘坐狗拉雪橇、划海豹皮制成的皮筏子。
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the purpose of Cultural Experience Tours?
A．To know about the way of the Inuit people’s life.
B．To visit different minority cultures.
C．To experience for yourself their traditions, customs and way of life.
D．Both B and C.
2．While staying with the Inuit people you will have the chance to ________．
A．join one of the large winter assemblies where you can listen to traditional accounts of bravery
B．ride on a dog sled and travel in a whale-skin boat
C．wear a special animal dance mask which is usually carved from wood
D．eat food cooked in underground stoves
3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The Inuit believe in animal spirit, so they never eat animals.
B．In an Aborigine village, you can see Aboriginal ceremonies with singing and dancing based on modern beliefs.
C．It is in a traditional meeting house that visitors will meet with the Maoris and join in the Sun Dance.
D．The bow and arrow competition in the center of North America is to retell how the Plains Indians used to hunt for food.
4．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Different ethnic groups
B．Inuit experience
C．Mysterious ethnic group
D．Ethnic experience tours
答案： 1－4.DCDD
Cultural Experience Tours—the travel company with a difference.We offer①you the chance to visit② different minority③cultures and experience for yourself④their traditions, customs and way of life.
Tour 1—Inuit Experience
A chance to meet the Inuit⑤people of Nunavut⑥in Canada.While staying with the Inuit people⑦ you will have the chance to ride on a dog sled⑧and travel in a seal⑨-skin boat.
If you do not eat meat, this tour is not for you, as the Inuit eat mostly seal，deer⑩，whale meat and fish?.This means they need to move around?to hunt for?food in the Arctic Circle?.You will join them there，and stay in tents and wear clothes made from animal skin?.
The Inuit believe in?animal spirits.They usually live in small family groups but have large summer assemblies?for feasts?and celebrations.You will have the chance to join one of these large assemblies and take part in the dancing, listen to traditional accounts?of bravery?，and play games.While dancing you may even be asked to wear a special animal dance maskwhich is usually carvedfrom wood.You will learn to make some of their native jewellery， which is made from animal clawsand wolfbones.
①offer sb.sth.给某人提供某物
②the chance to do sth.做某事的机会
③minority[maI'n?r?tI]n.少数民族；少数，少数人
④for yourself 亲自
⑤Inuit['Inj?It]n.因纽特人
⑥Nunavut['n?n?v?t]n.努纳武特区(加拿大地区名)
⑦While staying with the Inuit people 是时间状语从句的省略形式，补全后是While you are staying...。
⑧sled[sled]n.雪橇
⑨seal[si?l]n.海豹
⑩deer[dI?(r)]n.鹿(单复数同形)
?as the Inuit eat mostly...是 as 引导的原因状语从句。
?move around 四处活动
?hunt for 猎取
?the Arctic Circle n．北极圈
Arctic['ɑ?ktIk]adj.北极的，北极区的 n．北极
?过去分词短语 made from...作后置定语，修饰clothes。
?believe in 相信
?assembly n．集会，集合
?feast [fi?st]n.盛宴，宴会；节日
?account[?'ka?nt]n.描述，叙述 give an account of 描述……
?bravery ['breIv?rI]n.勇敢
mask[mɑ?sk]n.面具 vt.伪装，掩饰
carve[kɑ?v]vt.雕刻 be carved from...由……雕刻而成
jewellery n．珠宝；首饰 jewellery 是通称，为不可数名词。
claw[kl??]n.爪，爪子
wolf[w?lf]n.狼(复数：wolves)
文化体验之旅——与众不同的旅游公司。我们给您提供机会，让您接触不同的少数民族文化，亲身体验他们的传统、风俗和生活方式。
路线1——因纽特体验游
这是一个和加拿大努纳武特区的因纽特人见面的机会。在同因纽特人待在一起的时候，你将有机会乘坐狗拉雪橇、划海豹皮制成的皮筏子。
如果你不吃肉，那本次旅行就不适合你了，因为因纽特人的主食就是海豹肉、鹿肉、鲸肉和鱼肉。这就意味着他们需要在北极圈内四处活动以猎取食物。你会在那儿加入到他们中去，待在帐篷里，穿着用动物毛皮缝制的衣服。
因纽特人相信动物是有灵魂的。他们通常以小家庭为单位生活在一起，但会举行大型夏日聚会，来享受丰盛的食物，举行庆祝活动。你将有机会参加其中一个这样的大型集会活动，和他们一起跳舞，聆听他们传统的英雄故事，还可以做游戏。跳舞时，你或许会被要求戴上一个特别的专门用于动物舞蹈的面具，这个面具通常是用木头雕刻而成的。你将学会用动物的爪子、狼的骨头制作他们当地的部分首饰。
Tour 2—AborigineAdventure
A trip to Kakadoin Australia will include a three-day stay in an Aborigine village.Here you will have the chance to see Aborigine ceremonies with singing and dancing, based on ancient beliefs.These ceremonies sometimes go onfor hours.The Aborigines believe that Creat Spirits created all the people, animals and plants on Earth.They believe that these Spirits put people, plants and birds in different places and made rules and laws to governthem.
The Aborigines collect food from the bush around them and often hunt down holes for large snakes.You will get the chance to try some very strange food! On this trip you will get to learn about their musical instrumentsand the boomerang， which they use to hunt animals.
Aborigine[??b?'rId??nI]n.澳大利亚土著人
Kakado['k?k?du?]n.卡喀杜(澳大利亚地名，卡喀杜国家公园所在地)
过去分词短语 based on ancient beliefs 作后置定语，修饰
Aborigine ceremonies。
go on 持续，进行
on Earth 在地球上
govern['ɡ?vn]vt.统治；控制，支配
musical instrument 乐器
musical['mju?zIkl]adj.音乐的 n．音乐剧
boomerang['bu?m?r??]n.回力镖(澳大利亚土著人使用的武器或狩猎工具)
路线2——澳大利亚土著历险之旅
本次澳大利亚卡喀杜之旅将包括一个在土著村庄3天的逗留。在这里，你将有机会目睹基于古老信仰、人们又唱又跳的澳大利亚土著人庆祝仪式。这些仪式有时要持续几个小时。澳大利亚土著人相信，是“大神灵”创造了地球上所有的人、动物和植物。他们相信，这些“大神灵”将人、植物和鸟类安置在不同的地方并制定规则和法律来管理他们。
澳大利亚土著人从周围的灌木丛中采集食物，常常深入洞穴捕捉大蛇。你会获得品尝一些非常稀罕的食物的机会！本次旅行过程中你会了解到澳大利亚土著乐器以及他们用来狩猎的武器——回力镖。
Tour 3—MysteriousMaoris
New Zealand is home tothe Maoris.It is believed thatthe Maori people came from the Pacific islands of Polynesia.They brought with them a culture rich in song, dance and art.The Maori people believe in many gods such as the God of the Forest and the God of the Sea.These gods are remembered through their song and dance.
The Maoris have a traditional meeting house，where visitors are welcomed.This will be the place where you will meet withthe Maoris and join with them in dance.
You will stay with a family in their wooden house in the area of Rotura.There you will eat food such as fish and sweet potato, which is cooked in leaves steamedover hot stones.You will get the chance to eat food cooked in underground stoves.You will also get the chance to go night fishing.
mysterious[mI'stI?rI?s]adj.神秘的，奇怪的
Maori['ma?rI]n.(新西兰)毛利人(语) adj.毛利人(语)的
be home to...是……的家园
it 作形式主语，that 从句作真正的主语。
Polynesia[?p?lI'ni??I?]n.波利尼西亚
形容词短语rich in song, dance and art 作后置定语，修饰 culture。
be remembered 此处意为“被纪念”。
where visitors are welcomed 是 where引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰meeting house。
meet with 遇见
where you will meet with...是定语从句，修饰the place。
Rotura[?r??'tju?r?]n.罗吐鲁阿(新西兰地名，毛利文化故乡)
steam[sti?m]vt.& vi.蒸，蒸发n.蒸汽
stove[st??v]n.炉子，火炉 cooked in underground stoves 为过去分词短语作后置定语。
路线3——神秘的毛利人
新西兰是毛利人的家园。人们认为毛利人来自太平洋的波利尼西亚群岛。他们带来了一种以丰富的歌舞和艺术为表现形式的文化 。毛利人信仰很多神，如森林之神和海洋之神。人们通过歌舞的形式来纪念诸神。
毛利人有一个传统的聚会房舍，他们在这里欢迎客人的到来。这里将是你见到毛利人并和他们一起跳舞的地方。
你将住在罗吐鲁阿地区一户人家的木屋里。在那里，你将吃到像裹在叶子里放在炽热的石头上蒸熟的鱼和红薯这样的食物。你将会获得吃到用地灶烹饪的食物的机会。你还会有机会在夜晚出去捕鱼。
Tour 4—Native American IndianAdventure
There are many different tribesthat belong tothe Native American Indian group.On this trip you will visit a tribe in the centre ofNorth America.They are known asthe Plains Indians， as they live on the plains.The Plains Indians believe in the Great Spirit who has power overall things including animals, trees, stones and clouds.
You will sleep in an Indian tent and wear clothes made from animal skin.You will take part in the Sun Dance, which is a very important ceremony, and you will also see natives smoking a peace pipe.There will be a bowand arrowcompetition designed to retellhow the Plains Indians used to hunt for food.Food will include meat roastedover an open fire.
Indian['IndI?n]n.印第安人；印度人
Native American Indian n．北美印第安人
tribe[traIb]n.部落
belong to 属于(无进行时态和被动语态)
in the centre of...在……的中心
be known as...作为……而闻名
Plains Indian n．平原印第安人；大草原印第安人
plain[pleIn]n.平原adj.清楚的，明显的；坦诚的；朴素的
as they live on the plains 是 as 引导的原因状语从句。
have power over 控制，支配
过去分词短语made from...作后置定语，修饰 clothes。
peace pipe n．和平烟斗(北美印第安人某些部落于庆典、集会等场合使用的长管烟斗，为和平的象征)
see natives smoking...为“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
bow[b??]n.弓；蝴蝶结；琴弓
arrow['?r??]n.箭；箭头标记
retell[?ri?'tel](retold，retold ) vt.复述，转述
roast[r??st]vt.烤，烘焙 adj.烤的，焙的
路线4——美洲印第安土著历险之旅
美洲印第安土著民族有许多不同的部落。在本次行程中，你将参观北美中部的一个部落。他们以平原印第安人而著称，因为他们生活在平原上。平原印第安人信奉“大神灵”，他掌管着包括动物、树木、石头和云彩在内的一切。
你会睡在印第安帐篷里并穿着用兽皮制作的衣服。你将会参加拜日舞。拜日舞是一个非常重要的仪式。你还会见到土著人用和平烟斗抽烟。你会看到一场射箭比赛，它的目的是复述过去平原印第安人是如何狩猎获取食物的。食物将包括在户外篝火上烧烤的肉。
expectation n．预料； 期待； 期待的事物
(教材P40)I learnt that expectations at weddings can be quite different.
我得知对婚礼也会有不同的期望。
(1)beyond (one’s) expectations 出乎(某人的)意料
(2)expect vt. 预期； 盼望， 期待；
指望
expect (sb.) to do sth. 期待(某人)做某事
expect sth.of sb. 对某人报有某种期望
as is expected 正如预料的那样
(3)expectant adj. 期待的； 预期的；
期望的
①When we have high expectations of everything in life we will run into disappointment. 当我们对生活中任何事的期望值过高时， 我们就会感到失望。
②Cathy didn’t expect__any__award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments. 凯西没有期待任何奖项，但仍然在那里为朋友的成就鼓劲加油。
③Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to__arrive (arrive) any time now.
这些书是一个星期以前订购的，现在随时都可能到货。
④As is expected, our baseball team has suffered another defeat. 正如所预料的一样， 我们的棒球队再次失败了。
当expectation表示“期望， 预期的事物； 前程”时， 通常用复数。
⑤We have great expectations(expectation) of you.
我们对你抱有极大的期望。
let alone 更不用说； 让某人安静； 不打扰
(教材P41)In his youth, however, he never left his home town, let alone travelled to another country, because he had to work to support his family.
然而， 在他年轻的时候他从未离开过他的家乡， 更不用说去其他国家了， 因为他得工作养家糊口。
let out 释放；放走；发出(叫喊声等)；
泄露(消息、秘密等)；透露
let down 把……放下来；使……失望
let in 允许进入
①He hasn’t enough money for food, let alone amusements. 他连温饱都无法解决，更不用说娱乐了。
②The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting__in the natural light during the day.
入口处的玻璃门已取代了木门，在白天好让自然光照进来。
③The girl was frightened to see the snake, and consequently she let__out a sharp cry.
女孩看到蛇很害怕，因此她尖叫了一声。
④She let__out that he would give her a lift home.
她透露说他将用车顺便送她回家。
take up 拿起； 占用(时间、 空间); 开始感兴趣； 从事事业
(教材P42)I have no idea what he will do with them all, and it took up a lot of time.
我不知道他将怎样处理这些礼物， 并且买礼物花了我们很多时间。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中take up的含义
(1) Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始从事
(2)Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受
(3)We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.占用
(4)She took up the story where Tim had left off.继续
take down 写下； 拆除
take in 吸收； 欺骗； 领会； 理解
take off 脱掉； 起飞； 成名； 成功
take on 雇用； 呈现； 承担
take over 接任； 接替； 采用
take back 收回(说过的话); 退回(货物);
使回忆起
①Researches really take up lots of time and energy.
研究工作确实耗费很多时间和精力。
②After I graduated from the college, I took up the study of Japanese. 大学毕业后， 我开始学日语。
③When Mr.Green retired, his son took over the business from him. 格林先生退休后，由他的儿子接管他的生意。
④In the past few years, our school has taken__on a new look. 在过去的几年里， 我们学校呈现出了新面貌。
[巧学活用]——用take的相关短语填空
(1)For example, playing football and watching TV take__up much of my spare time.
(2)He knew the files could be of great help to whoever took__over the job.
(3)Shortly after suffering from a big flood and losing everything, the village takes__on a new look.
(4) Many businesses started up by college students have taken__off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
(5)Do you have any idea about how much nutrition you are taking__in while eating green grapes?
give out 释放； 散发， 分发； 宣布； 耗尽，
用光； 精疲力竭
(教材P42)He seemed to give out a lot of gifts and got a bit upset when my classmate just put it in his pocket without looking at it.
他分发了许多礼物， 当我的同学没有看礼物就把它放在口袋里时， 他有点生气。
give away 赠送； 分发； 泄露
give in 让步； 屈服； 上交
give up 放弃； 不再做(某事)
give off 分发； 发出(气味， 热等)
give back 归还； 送回
①Roses give out a sweet smell.
玫瑰花发出芬芳的气息。
②Give__out the papers ten minutes before the examination.考前10分钟分发试卷。
③The children gave__out flowers to the soldiers.
儿童向战士们献了鲜花。
④The children were required to give__in their examination papers immediately.
孩子们被要求马上交上试卷。
⑤The couple gave__away most of their fortune to the poor in their small town.
这对夫妻把他们的大部分财产都捐赠给了他们生活的那个小镇上的穷人。
[巧学活用]——用适当的介/副词填空
(1)We’ll never give in to the enemy.
(2)The doctor advised me to give up smoking.
(3)The sun gives out/off light and heat.
(4)It is giving off/out a terrible smell.
(5)When can you give back the money that you owe?
show sb.around 带某人参观、 游览
(教材P42)Even with these incidents, I think showing foreign visitors around is a great way to improve our English, and hopefully we can do it again next year.
即使有这些事情， 我认为带领外国游客参观是提高英语的一个好方法， 我们很希望明年也能带领外国游客参观。
show up 暴露， 显露； 来到， 露面
show sb. in/out 带某人进来/出去
show off 展示；炫耀，卖弄
①Before you start to work, I’ll show you around/round the factory.
开始工作前，我要先领你参观工厂。
②I waited for you all the morning, but you never showed up．
我整个上午都在等你，但是没见到你的影子。
③He is very humble and he doesn’t like to show__off his knowledge in public.
他很谦逊，不喜欢在公众面前卖弄他的学识。
gesture n．手势， 姿势； 示意动作
vi.做手势； 用动作示意
(教材P43)Usually, taboos can include eating certain foods, relations between people, body language and gestures. 通常情况下， 禁忌包括吃某些食物， 人与人之间的关系， 肢体语言和手势。
(1)gesture for sb.to do sth. 用手示意某人做某事
(2)in a gesture to 为了(＝in order to)
in a gesture of 以……的姿态
①He raised his hands in a gesture of despair.
他举起双手做出绝望的姿势。
②People give away much more by their gestures(gesture) than by their words.
人们通过身势表达的意思要比通过话语表达的更多。
③In__a__gesture__to bring down the housing prices, the government tried all means.
为了能使房价降下来， 政府想尽了各种方法。
④She gestured for me to__come(come) in.
她示意让我进来。
minority n．少数民族； 少数， 少数人
(教材P46)We offer you the chance to visit different minority cultures and experience for yourself their traditions, customs and way of life.
我们给您提供机会： 让您接触不同的少数民族文化， 亲身体验他们的传统、 风俗和生活方式。
(1)a/the minority/majority of＋复数名词＋复数谓语动词
a/the minority/majority of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词
(2)a/the majority/minority可单独使用， 作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式都可以。
(3)in the/a minority 占少数
in the/a majority 占多数
①The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme.
他们大多数在开始课程之前要进行一个网上语言测试。
②Only a__minority__of the class voted for the plan.
班里只有少数学生投票赞成这项计划。
③The white are in__the__majority in Australia while the native people in__the__minority．
在澳大利亚， 白人占多数而土著人反而占少数。
④The__majority__of people believe smoking is harmful to health. 大多数人相信吸烟有害健康。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)大部分市民认为普通的工作无聊甚至无价值。
The__majority__of__citizens consider an ordinary job boring or even valueless.
(2)当我有不同的观点时， 我会选择放弃， 尊重大多数人的观点。
When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect__the__opinion__of__the__majority．
account n．叙述， 描述； 账户； 原因
vi.& vt.解释； 说明； 认为
(教材P46)You will have the chance to join one of these large assemblies and take part in the dancing, listen to traditional accounts of bravery, and play games.
你将有机会参加其中一个这样的大型集会活动， 和他们一起跳舞， 聆听他们传统的英雄故事， 还可以做游戏。
(1)account for 解释； 说明； 占……(比例)
(2)on account of 由于； 因为
on no account 决不(置于句首时， 句子用部分倒装)
(3)take...into account/consideration＝take account of
考虑……
give an account of sth. 对……进行叙述
①He believes design must take into account the sensory of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste.
他认为设计必须要把自然的知觉考虑在内，如视觉、嗅觉、触觉和味觉。
②The girl was too frightened to give__an__account__of what had happened before the attack took place.
这个女孩太害怕了， 她无法描述袭击发生前发生了什么事。
③Please account__for your being late for class.
请解释你上课迟到的原因。
④On__no__account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们决不能忽视知识的价值。
⑤The match was postponed on account of the weather.
由于天气的原因， 比赛延期进行。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
我真诚地希望你考虑我的建议。
(1)I sincerely hope that you will take__my__suggestions__into__account．(account)
(2)I sincerely hope that you will take__account__of__my__suggestions．(account)
(3)I sincerely hope that you will take__my__suggestions__into__consideration．(consideration)
(4)I sincerely hope that you will consider__my__suggestions．(consider)
belong to 属于； 归……所有
(教材P47)There are many different tribes that belong to the Native American Indian group.
美洲印第安土著民族有许多不同的部落。
(1)belong to“属于”， 不能用于进行时态和被动语态。
(2)belongings n．财产， 所有物
①Not only this dictionary but also those books belong to me.
不但这本词典属于我， 而且那些书也属于我。
②In my opinion，you’d better put the book where it belongs.
＝In my opinion，you’d better put the book to__which__it__belongs.
依我看，你最好把书放回应放置的地方。
③Having sold most of his belongings(belong), he almost had nothing left in the house.
他已经卖掉了大部分财产， 房子里几乎什么都没有留下。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
作为一名理科生， 我一直在复习语、 数、 外、 理、 化、 生， 这些都属于高考科目。
As a science student, I have been reviewing Chinese, Maths, English, Physics, Chemistry and Biology, which__all__belong__to__the__College__Entrance__Examination__subjects．
have power over 控制， 支配
(教材P47)The Plains Indians believe in the Great Spirit who has power over all things including animals, trees, stones and clouds.
平原印第安人信奉“大神灵”，他掌管着包括动物、树木、石头和云彩在内的一切。
(1)come to/into power 掌权； 上台
be in power 执政
in one’s power 在某人的掌控中
do all/everything in one’s power＝do one’s best
尽力而为； 竭尽全力
power over 控制权
(2)powerful adj. 强大的；权力大的
①It has been several years since he came into/to power.
他上台执政已有几年了。
②They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make a difference in the lives of others.
他们拥有我们都拥有的一种不同的超能力，这种能力能改变别人的生活。
③I think everyone can have power over his or her fate.
我认为每个人都能支配自己的命运。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
我们将竭尽全力帮助你， 但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
(1)We will do__everything__in__our__power__to__help__you,__but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(power)
(2)We will do__our__best__to__help__you,__but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(best)
(3)We will do__what__we__can__do__to__help__you,__but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(what引导名词性从句)
(教材P38)One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years. 英语中有如此多法语单词的原因之一是法国人统治了英国多年。
(1)本句中含有先行词为reason的定语从句。其常见的基本句式：The reason why/for which is/was that...，意为“……的原因是……”，why在定语从句中作状语。
(2)reason当先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，一般用that/which引导定语从句，作宾语时，还可以省略。
①That is the reason why he didn’t come to my birthday party yesterday.
那就是他昨天没有参加我的生日聚会的原因。
②The reason why/for__which he failed the English exam was that he didn’t learn it well.
他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。
(教材P42)I have no idea what he will do with them all, and it took up a lot of time.
我不知道他将怎样处理这些礼物， 而且买礼物花了我们很多时间。
(1)have no idea后面的what he will do with them all是idea的同位语从句； 其后还可以跟连词引导的同位语从句， 还可以跟疑问代词或疑问副词＋动词不定式。
(2)同位语从句属于名词性从句， 大多由从属连词that引导， 常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面。 同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容， 在逻辑上表现为同位关系。 引导同位语从句的词有 that, whether, 还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how, when, where, why等， 其中that, whether不作成分， 只起连接作用； 其他的引导词都作成分。
①He had no idea what these words meant.
他不知道这些话的含义。
②I have no idea why__he__resigned__her__post．
我不知道他为何辞去她的职务。
③Then came the exciting news that Tu Youyou, a Chinese woman scientist, won the Nobel Prize.
接着传来了令人兴奋的消息，屠呦呦——中国的一位女科学家， 获得了诺贝尔奖。
④It__is__a__fact__that smoking is a danger to health.
吸烟危害健康， 这是事实。
(教材P43)They dislike it when people do not look at the cards, so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking. 他们不喜欢人们不看名片， 所以要记住， 不要看都不看就把名片塞进口袋。
(1)句中dislike是及物动词， it是形式宾语， 真正的宾语为when引导的从句。
(2)某些表示“喜、 怒、 哀、 乐”的动词， 如enjoy, like, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等， 往往不能直接接宾语从句， 常用it作形式宾语， 而将真正的宾语从句放在句尾。 类似的词或短语还有have, take, put, take it for granted, bring it to sb.’s attention, owe it to sb., see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for等。
①The boy likes it when he’s praised before guests.
那个男孩喜欢在客人面前受到表扬。
②You may depend__on__it__that we shall always help you.
尽管放心， 我们会随时帮你的。
③I would appreciate__it__if you could reply to me as soon as possible. 如果您能尽快回信我将感激不尽。
④I took__it__for__granted__that he would help us.
我认为他会帮助我们的。
(教材P47)It is believed that the Maori people came from the Pacific islands of Polynesia.
人们认为毛利人来自太平洋的波利尼西亚群岛。
(1)It is believed that...意为“人们认为……”，属于“It is/was＋过去分词＋that从句”句型。该句运用了“It is＋过去分词＋that从句”结构，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。 常用于该句型的过去分词还有：said, reported, known, thought, estimated, suggested 等。
(2)该句型可以转化为：sb./sth.be said/thought/reported/...＋to do sth., 根据具体情况，过去分词后的动词不定式可以是一般式、进行式(to be doing)或完成式(to have done)。
It is estimated that about 2，000 students were admitted into the famous university in 2018.
据估计2018年大约有2 000名学生被那所著名的大学录取。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1) It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
(2)The flood in the south of China in the summer of 2017 is believed to__be(be) the biggest in 100 years.
(3)It is reported that__over 50 people lost their lives in the big fire.
＝Over 50 people are reported to__have__lost(lose) their lives in the big fire.
[能力提升]——同义句转换
(4) It is said that we are living in the Information Age.
→We are__said__to__be__living in the Information Age.
品句填词
1．The ____________(少数) nationalities account for six per cent of the population.
答案：minority
2．Many cars ____________(属于) to local people were destroyed in the storm last month.
答案：belonging
3．I have never seen a Chinese character ____________(雕刻)on such a tiny thing before.
答案：carved
4．The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his ____________(预料)．
答案：expectations
5．Japanese don’t use as many ____________(手势) as Europeans.
答案：gestures
6．On ____________(由于) of difference in taste, they separated from each other at last.
答案：account
7．Ideas about the social significance of ____________(宗教) have changed over time.
答案：religion
8．It is said that the new mayor will come into ____________(政权)soon.
答案：power
单句改错
1．Whatever your goal is, don’t expect achieve it overnight.____________________
答案：expect后加to
2．The majority of my patients comes to me from out of town.____________________
答案：comes→come
3．With prices gone up so fast, we can’t afford luxuries.____________________
答案：gone→going
4．I think that you can take his suggestions to account.____________________
答案：to→into
5．The woman couldn’t work much when she was young on account to her children.____________________
答案：to→of
完成句子
1．你认为他给出的理由可信吗？
Do you think the reason ____________________ is believable?
答案：which/that he gave
2．多亏有你我才仍然活着。
I ____________________ that I am still alive.
答案：owe it to you
3．我不喜欢我弟弟到处跟着我。
I ____________________ my younger brother follows me around.
答案：dislike it when
4．据说他们来中国之前曾经在英国工作过三年。
____________________ they had worked in England for three years before they came to China.
＝They are said ____________________ in England for three years before they came to China.
答案：It is said that；to have worked
5．我们不知道这些鸟如何找到它们的路。
We have no idea ________________________________．
答案：how the birds find their way
课文语篇改错
Cultural experience tours offer you the chance to visit different minority of cultures and experience their traditions, customs and way to life.
If you want to ride on a dog sled and travel in a seal-skin boat, just come to meet the Inuit people whom believe in animal spirits in Canada, but if you don’t eat meat, this tour is not fit you.
If you are interesting in musical instruments and the boomerang used to hunting animals, please come to Australia to enjoy their ceremonies with singing and dancing.
Visitors are welcomed by a Maoris in a traditional meeting room, which you will join them in dance.Beside, you will eat food cooked in leaves steamed over hot stones.
And Native American Indian Adventure will offer you a chance to visit a tribe in the centre of North America, where you can experience a differ tradition from the three above.
答案：
Cultural experience tours offer you the chance to visit different minority cultures and experience their traditions, customs and way life.
If you want to ride on a dog sled and travel in a seal-skin boat, just come to meet the Inuit people believe in animal spirits in Canada, but if you don’t eat meat, this tour is not fit you.
If you are in musical instruments and the boomerang used to animals, please come to Australia to enjoy their ceremonies with singing and dancing.
Visitors are welcomed by Maoris in a traditional meeting room, you will join them in dance.， you will eat food cooked in leaves steamed over hot stones.
And Native American Indian Adventure will offer you a chance to visit a tribe in the centre of North America, where you can experience a tradition from the three above.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．The question ____________ we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.
答案：whether
2．It is sad to see him go but it won’t make ____________ difference to the way we conduct our affairs.
答案：a
3．I ____________(show) the foreigners around our school yesterday.
答案：showed
4．More than half of people are against the law.Only a minority ____________ people support it.
答案：of
5．—What’s the event like?
—Several witnesses’____________(account) differ from the official version.
答案：accounts
6．The result was out of his ____________(expect)．Harry looked at the medal in surprise without saying a word.
答案：expectations
7．The Smiths consider ____________(buy) a computer, which is commonly considered ____________(be) a great help in our work and study.
答案：buying；to be
8．The majority of the farmers ____________(influence) by natural disasters in the summer.
答案：were influenced
9．The Diaoyu Islands consist of a group of islands, ____________(belong) to China since ancient times.
答案：belonging
10．The UN is the international organization which has power ____________ all countries to settle any conflicts between two countries.
答案：over
阅读理解
A
Have you thought about the idea of using positive energy to overcome health problems, stress and even disease? Dealing with stress and illness can have a negative impact on more than just your physical self, burning to a deep emotional space.Entire families and circles of friends feel worried about someone when they are dealing with a tough situation.But what if positive thinking could have the power to turn things around?
Going way back, when I was working with my husband to start our business, times were tough.Not only had we poured every part of our savings into building our dream, but we were working around the clock to make it happen.Our friends and family were our business partners.We were all tired and stressed but determined.Especially during that time, we did not surround ourselves with anyone who wasn’t positive and encouraging in our effort.Think great thoughts and welcome the idea that you are sure to succeed.
In business and in our personal lives, we are challenged at some point with unexpected hurdles．Wrapping yourself in positive energy by surrounding yourself with good people, good habits and love can be the perfect way to use optimism to overcome a challenge.
Just recently，I was curious if a positive attitude has been proved to help patients who are suffering from illness or disease to overcome and heal.What I found delighted me.According to the Mayo Clinic，“Positive thinking helps with stress management and can even improve your health.”By accepting an optimistic approach，you are able to deal with tough situations productively.
I have certainly heard many stories about people who have used a great attitude to overcome life-changing obstacles, and I am a total believer.I have seen the power of positive energy work for me—when I believe, I can handle anything that life sends my way.
【解题导语】 在生活中，我们通常会遇到一些不愉快或不如意的事情，用积极的态度面对，我们会发现其实困难也是很容易解决的。
1．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Taking Charge of Your Attitude
B．Stopping Worrying About Others
C．Getting Prepared for Obstacles
D．Dealing with the Tough Situation
A 解析：标题归纳题。第一段中的“But what if positive thinking could have the power to turn things around？”点明了文章的主题“要用积极的态度面对生活中不愉快的事情”，故A项正确。
2．What did lead to the author and her husband’s success?
A．They got financial assistance from friends and family.
B．They used all their savings to realize their dream.
C．They were full of courage and perseverance.
D．They kept a positive and determined attitude.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“We were all tired and stressed but determined. Especially during that time, we did not surround ourselves with anyone who wasn’t positive and encouraging in our effort.”可知，在困难时期，作者和丈夫意志坚定，并且与态度积极向上的人打交道，故D项正确。
3．The underlined word “hurdles” in Paragraph 3 means “________”．
A．opportunities B．obstacles
C．disease D．assistance
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“we are challenged at some point with unexpected”和下文的“the perfect way to use optimism to overcome a challenge”可知，作者建议用积极的态度克服在事业和个人生活中出现的困难，画线词意为“障碍”，故B项正确。
4．The author has discovered recently that________．
A．positive people can face any obstacles
B．she has more power of positive energy
C．the positive attitude benefits the patients
D．stress management means good health
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Just recently, I was curious if a positive attitude has been proved to help patients who are suffering from illness or disease to overcome and heal. What I found delighted me.”可知，C项正确。
B
This year, the Paris museum that looks like a jumble(杂乱的一堆) of giant, colored pipes turns 40. The museum—the Pompidou Center—has a secure place in the heart of Paris and in Parisians’ hearts. But it wasn’t always the case.
“When it was first built, the reaction was one of disbelief，” said Serge Lasvignes, president of the Pompidou Center. “Le Monde newspaper wrote the museum’s construction brought shame on Paris, and city politicians thought their money had been totally wasted，” said Lasvignes. Critics said it looked like an oil refinery(炼油厂)．
France’s first museum entirely devoted to contemporary art saw the light of day thanks to the determination of one man—Georges Pompidou, an art lover who served as France’s president from 1969 to 1974.
In 1971, he started an international competition to build the museum, originally known as the Centre Beaubourg. The winning team, which included three young architects from Britain and Italy, was completely unknown at the time. Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers, the two architects who saw the project through, made the plan a reality.
“They didn’t think they had a chance to win. So they thought they might as well do exactly what they wanted，” Lasvignes said.
“The design took everyone by surprise and it was completely different from any other museum. Someone said to Piano, ‘Your thing is terrible—with the escalator(自动扶梯) on the outside, it looks like a supermarket！’” Lasvignes added.
Forty years later, the museum still tries to make culture available to everyone, Lasvignes said. He calls the Pompidou Center a museum like no other. “We are not only a museum，” he said. “We have concerts, debates, performances, a library... and everything flows together.” Pompidou felt putting up walls between different forms of art was harmful. “So we are a house of culture where people return again and again，” Lasvignes said.
The Pompidou Center is Europe’s biggest modern art museum; New York’s Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is the biggest in the world. “But the two museums have totally different strategies(策略)，” Lasvignes said. “The MoMA’s strategy is to collect masterpieces, and we try to represent an entire epoch(时代)．”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧洲最大的艺术博物馆——巴黎的蓬皮杜中心。
5．What was people’s attitude to the Pompidou Center at first?
A．They disliked it.
B．They respected it.
C．They were curious about it.
D．They paid little attention to it.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的one of disbelief, brought shame on Paris, their money had been totally wasted以及looked like an oil refinery(炼油厂)可知，一开始人们不喜欢蓬皮杜中心。
6．Who completed the construction of the Paris museum?
A．President of the Centre Beaubourg.
B．Three unknown French architects.
C．Georges Pompidou.
D．Piano and Rogers.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers, the two architects who saw the project through, made the plan a reality.可知，Piano和Rogers负责建设蓬皮杜中心。
7．What was the Pompidou Center like in Lasvignes’ eyes?
A．Very solid.
B．Quite traditional.
C．Entirely original.
D．Extremely simple.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的they thought they might as well do exactly what they wanted和第六段中的it was completely different from any other museum可知，Lasvignes应该认为蓬皮杜中心的设计别出心裁。
8．Which is a notable feature of the Pompidou Center?
A．It collects great masterpieces.
B．It holds various cultural events.
C．It is the world’s biggest art museum.
D．It is particularly attractive to foreigners.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“We are not only a museum，” he said. “We have concerts, debates, performances, a library... and everything flows together.”可知，蓬皮杜中心的显著特点是，它不仅仅是一家博物馆，同时也举办各种文化活动。
语法填空
Changes in environmental conditions, activity levels, living conditions, diet, time zones, and jet lag may affect your travel. These problems may be 1.____________ (hard) on you as you age, particularly if you have a chronic (慢性的) 2.____________ (ill). You may also be at greater risk for such problems as infectious diseases and injuries. 3.__________ is important to discuss with a health care provider 4.____________ there is any possibility that your activities, or drugs will create a problem.
Falls are the leading cause of injury among older travellers. You might consider 5.____________ (use) a walking aid (e.g.a cane or walker) to prevent falls.
Older travellers should be especially mindful of the effects of heat. Be sure 6.____________ (drink) plenty of water during hot weather. If you’re planning a holiday involving hiking or walking, make sure you’re 7.____________ (physical) prepared for the effort. A suitable exercise program to prepare your body should 8.____________ (discuss) with your health care provider and you should start to exercise 9.____________ least a few weeks before leaving.
If you’re an older traveller, you should discuss the details of your trip—destination, length of stay and 10.____________(plan) activities—with your health care provider or a travel health clinic well before leaving. We strongly recommend that you purchase proper travel health insurance.
【解题导语】 本文为老年旅游者提供了很好的出行建议，值得仔细品读。
1．harder 解析：考查形容词比较级。此处是说随着你变老，上文所提到的一些变化会让你更难应对，由下文的 You may also be at greater risk 也可得到提示用形容词比较级，故填 harder。
2．illness 解析：考查名词。根据空格前面的不定冠词和形容词可知，此处应该填一个名词，故填 illness。
3．It 解析：考查代词。此处应该填 it 作形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。
4．whether/if 解析：考查宾语从句引导词。此处意思是说与保健医生讨论你的活动或者正在服用的药物是否有可能会产生问题，故填whether或if。
5．using 解析：考查非谓语动词。consider 意为“考虑”时，后接动名词作宾语，故填 using。
6．to drink 解析：考查非谓语动词。be sure to do sth.表示“一定、务必做某事”，故填 to drink。
7．physically 解析：考查副词。此处用副词作状语修饰谓语 are prepared，表示“在身体方面做好准备”，故填physically。
8．be discussed 解析：考查谓语动词的语态。discuss 与句子主语 exercise program之间是动宾关系，因此应该用被动语态，should 是情态动词，后接动词原形，故填 be discussed。
9．at 解析：考查介词。at least 是固定搭配，意为“至少”。
10．planned 解析：考查非谓语动词。and 连接了三个名词 destination, length of stay 和 activities，由此可知，此处所填词应该能够作定语修饰 activities，plan 与被修饰名词 activities 之间是动宾关系，因此需要用过去分词形式，故填 planned。
B卷
阅读理解
I went nose to nose with a mouse last week, and I’d rather not say who won.
I was cooking when my friend phoned me to help her catch a mouse she had found in the kitchen.The mouse was under the fridge when I arrived.The cat was standing guard, slowly swinging its tail.I tried to put a broom handle beneath the fridge to force it out, but there were too many wires.My friend pulled up a chair at the table and I pulled a chair beside the fridge, armed with a plastic box as my trap.It was a good plan, but as is usually the case, it didn’t go according to plan.
After a while, the mouse put its head out.I knelt down on the floor in front of the fridge and angled the box to create a no-escape trap.The mouse moved out farther and I put the box down immediately.Unfortunately, the only thing inside the box was the mouse’s tail, still attached to the mouse, which was now struggling with its little legs in an attempt to take__to__its__heels．The cat just sat.
The mouse crawled(爬) up on the broom handle I’d used earlier, and we were now eyeball to eyeball.If I’d wanted to—and I didn’t—I could have seized it with my teeth, I shouted I needed something else to get the mouse.My friend handed me another container.I lowered box two over the mouse’s body，still on the broom handle, with its tail still in box one.Despite my two-box move, the mouse escaped and shot back under the fridge.
Shortly after I left, my friend found the mouse.It was bathed in the sunlight in her bedroom.The cat was sitting next to it, enjoying the rays as well.She said they were a cute couple. Learning from my mistakes, she got a box—and a lid—and said the mouse all but jumped in the box and helped her seal the lid.Just a small change brought about an unexpected result.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。猫和老鼠是冤家，和平相处似乎是不可能的。但在本篇文章里，猫和老鼠互不侵犯，相安无事。反而是作者和她的朋友大动干戈，想尽方法捉老鼠。
1．What does the last sentence in Paragraph 2 suggest?
A．The plan ended in failure.
B．The plan wasn’t worth carrying out.
C．The plan wasn’t carried out properly.
D．The plan proved to be an unexpected one.
A 解析：推理判断题。第二段的最后一句的意思为：这是一个好计划，但是就像通常的情况那样，事情未按计划发展。再结合下文的内容可知，作者制定的捕鼠计划没能成功，以失败告终了。故选A。
2．What does the underlined part “take to its heels” mean?
A．Go back. B．Stand up.
C．Fight back. D．Get away.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据下文中的“The mouse crawled(爬) up on the broom handle” “Despite my two-box move, the mouse escaped and shot back under the fridge.”可知，此处指的是老鼠在奋力逃跑。由此可知，take to one’s heels的意思应是“逃走，溜掉”，与get away的意思相近。故选D。
3．What were the mouse and the cat doing in the bedroom?
A．Enjoying the harmony.
B．Comforting each other.
C．Celebrating the escape.
D．Appreciating the view.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was bathed in the sunlight in her bedroom.The cat was sitting next to it, enjoying the rays as well.She said they were a cute couple.”可知，老鼠和猫挨着在作者朋友的卧室里晒太阳。由此可知，它们在作者的朋友的卧室里和谐相处。故选A。
4．Who had the last laugh?
A．The author. B．The author’s friend.
C．The mouse. D．The cat.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者和朋友之前想尽办法，一心想捉往老鼠，但是失败了。作者走后，朋友从作者的失败中吸取教训，使老鼠自己跑进了陷阱里，作者的朋友成功抓到了老鼠，因此作者的朋友笑到了最后(即获得了胜利)。故选B。
完形填空
I was recently on a working trip to Mumbai.One evening I __1__ an auto rickshaw(电动人力车) home from work.It was around 6 p．m. and there was __2__ rush-hour traffic.Because of this the rickshaw was travelling at a snail’s pace.
I was __3__in my own thoughts, thinking about the day’s events, when a Mumbai traffic warden(交通管理员) appeared and slapped the driver three times, quite __4__，across his face.
I was __5__ by this sudden turn of events! I asked the driver to take the rickshaw to one side of the street and __6__.I asked what had happened.He said that, by mistakes, he had __7__the traffic warden’s shoes.I told him he should have stopped and __8__．But, at the same time, I knew that the driver did not __9__getting beaten up like that!
So, I asked the driver to accompany me to the __10__where the traffic warden was directing the traffic.
Then I in a gentle __11__ told him that the rickshaw driver __12__ his mistake and wanted to apologize for it.The warden, who was all set to react again when he __13__ the driver, calmed down on __14__ my words and the tone of my voice.The driver accepted his __15__ but started complaining loudly that he did not deserve to get beaten up.
The heated discussion began to attract a crowd.__16__，good sense prevailed(获胜) and the traffic warden accepted the apology of the rickshaw driver.I __17__ both of them to shake hands, which they did and they parted as friends.
We went back to the rickshaw and proceeded to my destination.As I finished paying the __18__ he said in a soft voice, “Sahib, __19__ you for what you have done.” Hearing those words I knew I had made a(n) __20__ in somebody’s life.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了作者在孟买工作时，一天晚上下班后在乘电动人力车回家的途中，帮助解决了人力车司机与交通管理员之间的一次小纠纷的故事。
1．A.repaired B．fetched
C．pulled D．took
D 解析： 根据下文中的“home from work”可知，作者是乘坐电动人力车下班回家。take乘坐； repair修理； fetch (去) 拿来；pull拉，拖，拔。
2．A.weak B．tense
C．heavy D．tough
C 解析： 由下文中的“Because of this the rickshaw was travelling at a snail’s pace.”可知，这个人力车正以极慢的速度行进。由此可知此时处于交通高峰期，所以选C项。 heavy 过度的，严重的；weak虚弱的； tense紧张的，绷紧的； tough困难的，强硬的。
3．A.busy B．lost
C．good D．careful
B 解析： 由下文的“thinking about the day’s events”可知，此处应选B项。 be lost in全神贯注于，陷入沉思。
4．A.quickly B．violently
C．seriously D．shortly
B 解析： 由第五段的最后一句话“...but started complaining loudly that he did not deserve to get beaten up.”可知，交通管理员打了这个人力车司机的脸三下，而且很用力。故选B项。 violently猛烈地，强烈地；quickly迅速地； seriously严肃地，认真地；shortly立即，马上。
5．A.shocked B．delighted
C．puzzled D．embarrassed
A 解析： 由下文的“this sudden turn of events”可知，此处应为“震惊的(shocked) ”， delighted高兴的； puzzled迷惑的； embarrassed 尴尬的。
6．A.charge B．serve
C．stop D．bear
C 解析： 因为出现了突发事件，所以作者让人力车的司机把车拉到路边并且停下来。所以选C项。
7．A.come over B．thought over
C．knocked over D．run over
D 解析： 根据下文可知，人力车司机压到了交通管理员的脚。 run over在……上驶过，碾过；come over过来，改变立场； think over仔细考虑； knock over打翻，撞倒。
8．A.apologized B．complained
C．returned D．beaten
A 解析： 根据第五段首句“Then I in a gentle...told him that the rickshaw driver...his mistake and wanted to apologize for it.”可知，我告诉他，他应该停下来并且道歉。故选A项。complain抱怨； return返回； beat打败。
9．A.ripen B．deserve
C．require D．sharpen
B 解析： 根据第五段尾句“...but started complaining loudly that he did not deserve to get beaten up.”可知，“我”知道司机不该挨打，故选deserve，意为“应受，值得”。ripen (使) 成熟；require要求； sharpen削尖，磨快。
10．A.relation B．man
C．spot D．quality
C 解析： 从上文知，作者让人力车司机停在路边并且向交通管理员道歉。且从句子的结构分析，where引导定语从句，其先行词应为表地点的名词。故选C项。spot地点，场所。
11．A.sigh B．noise
C．sound D．voice
D 解析： 根据下文的“the tone of my voice”可知，此处应选D 项。in a gentle voice用轻柔的声音。
12．A.accepted B．received
C．got D．wanted
A 解析： 由下文的“...wanted to apologize for it.”可知选accept，意为“承认，接受”。receive收到，接到；get得到； want想要。
13．A.waited B．saw
C．found D．managed
B 解析： 由第四段的“I asked the driver to accompany me”可知，人力车司机与作者一起到交通管理员那儿去道歉。由此知“当这位交通管理员看见这位司机时……”。故选B项。
14．A.retelling B．informing
C．relating D．hearing
D 解析： 由下文的“my words and the tone of my voice”可知， 此处应选D项。retell复述； inform通知； relate讲述，叙述。
15．A.mistake B．apology
C．thought D．opinion
A 解析： 根据本段第一句话中的“mistake”可知，此处选A 项。apology道歉； thought想法； opinion想法，意见。
16．A.Fortunately B．Frankly
C．Suddenly D．Frequently
A 解析： 根据下文中的“...good sense prevailed(获胜) and the traffic warden accepted the apology of the rickshaw driver.”可知，该题选A项。fortunately幸运地； frankly 坦白地； suddenly突然地； frequently经常地，频繁地。
17．A.advised B．persuaded
C．warned D．reminded
B 解析： 根据下文的“...which they did and they parted as friends.”可知，“我”劝他们去握手，而且成功了。故选B 项。persuade说服，劝服； advise建议(但是所建议的事情不一定成功); warn警告； remind提醒。
18．A.expense B．fee
C．fare D．price
C 解析： 由第一段的内容可知，作者乘电动人力车回家。而本段的内容说明作者到了目的地，所以是在付车费。故选C项。fare“车费，路费”。而fee指的是“服务费，酬金(如付给私人教师、医生等的酬金)”。
19．A.praise B．scold
C．forgive D．thank
D 解析： 由上文的内容可知，作者帮助人力车司机解决了与交通管理员的纠纷，因此人力车司机感谢他。故选D项。
20．A.effort B．promise
C．difference D．point
C 解析： make a difference有影响，起 (重要) 作用。句意：听到那些话，我知道我已经在他人的生活中起到了一定的作用。make an effort努力； make a promise答应，允诺； make a point发表论点，证明一个论点。
短文改错
Dear Sir,
Thank you for invite me to the summer English courses in your school.As for your choice among the two courses, I prefer the four-week course because of it will allow me more time to do traveling and make a few new friends.Of all the subject I’m learning at school, I like English better.I had been learning English for eleven years but my spoken English is poorly.So I really hope to take this chance to improve them.If possible, I’d like to stay with a family for a couple of days in order that I can know some customs in England, that I’m particularly interested in.I believe I will have good time this summer.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Sir,
Thank you for me to the summer English courses in your school.As for your choice the two courses, I prefer the four-week course because it will allow me more time to do traveling and make a few new friends.Of all the I’m learning at school, I like English .I been learning English for eleven years but my spoken English is .So I really hope to take this chance to improve .If possible, I’d like to stay with a family for a couple of days in order that I can know some customs in England, I’m particularly interested in.I believe I will have good time this summer.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
课件105张PPT。Unit 3 Understanding each otherSection Ⅲ Word power, Task & Project本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．The ____________(少数) nationalities account for six per cent of the population.
答案：minority
2．Many cars ____________(属于) to local people were destroyed in the storm last month.
答案：belonging
3．I have never seen a Chinese character ____________(雕刻)on such a tiny thing before.
答案：carved
4．The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his ____________(预料)．
答案：expectations
5．Japanese don’t use as many ____________(手势) as Europeans.
答案：gestures
6．On ____________(由于) of difference in taste, they separated from each other at last.
答案：account
7．Ideas about the social significance of ____________(宗教) have changed over time.
答案：religion
8．It is said that the new mayor will come into ____________(政权)soon.
答案：power
单句改错
1．Whatever your goal is, don’t expect achieve it overnight.____________________
答案：expect后加to
2．The majority of my patients comes to me from out of town.____________________
答案：comes→come
3．With prices gone up so fast, we can’t afford luxuries.____________________
答案：gone→going
4．I think that you can take his suggestions to account.____________________
答案：to→into
5．The woman couldn’t work much when she was young on account to her children.____________________
答案：to→of
完成句子
1．你认为他给出的理由可信吗？
Do you think the reason ____________________ is believable?
答案：which/that he gave
2．多亏有你我才仍然活着。
I ____________________ that I am still alive.
答案：owe it to you
3．我不喜欢我弟弟到处跟着我。
I ____________________ my younger brother follows me around.
答案：dislike it when
4．据说他们来中国之前曾经在英国工作过三年。
____________________ they had worked in England for three years before they came to China.
＝They are said ____________________ in England for three years before they came to China.
答案：It is said that；to have worked
5．我们不知道这些鸟如何找到它们的路。
We have no idea ________________________________．
答案：how the birds find their way
课文语篇改错
Cultural experience tours offer you the chance to visit different minority of cultures and experience their traditions, customs and way to life.
If you want to ride on a dog sled and travel in a seal-skin boat, just come to meet the Inuit people whom believe in animal spirits in Canada, but if you don’t eat meat, this tour is not fit you.
If you are interesting in musical instruments and the boomerang used to hunting animals, please come to Australia to enjoy their ceremonies with singing and dancing.
Visitors are welcomed by a Maoris in a traditional meeting room, which you will join them in dance.Beside, you will eat food cooked in leaves steamed over hot stones.
And Native American Indian Adventure will offer you a chance to visit a tribe in the centre of North America, where you can experience a differ tradition from the three above.
答案：
Cultural experience tours offer you the chance to visit different minority cultures and experience their traditions, customs and way life.
If you want to ride on a dog sled and travel in a seal-skin boat, just come to meet the Inuit people believe in animal spirits in Canada, but if you don’t eat meat, this tour is not fit you.
If you are in musical instruments and the boomerang used to animals, please come to Australia to enjoy their ceremonies with singing and dancing.
Visitors are welcomed by Maoris in a traditional meeting room, you will join them in dance.， you will eat food cooked in leaves steamed over hot stones.
And Native American Indian Adventure will offer you a chance to visit a tribe in the centre of North America, where you can experience a tradition from the three above.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．The question ____________ we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet.
答案：whether
2．It is sad to see him go but it won’t make ____________ difference to the way we conduct our affairs.
答案：a
3．I ____________(show) the foreigners around our school yesterday.
答案：showed
4．More than half of people are against the law.Only a minority ____________ people support it.
答案：of
5．—What’s the event like?
—Several witnesses’____________(account) differ from the official version.
答案：accounts
6．The result was out of his ____________(expect)．Harry looked at the medal in surprise without saying a word.
答案：expectations
7．The Smiths consider ____________(buy) a computer, which is commonly considered ____________(be) a great help in our work and study.
答案：buying；to be
8．The majority of the farmers ____________(influence) by natural disasters in the summer.
答案：were influenced
9．The Diaoyu Islands consist of a group of islands, ____________(belong) to China since ancient times.
答案：belonging
10．The UN is the international organization which has power ____________ all countries to settle any conflicts between two countries.
答案：over
阅读理解
A
Have you thought about the idea of using positive energy to overcome health problems, stress and even disease? Dealing with stress and illness can have a negative impact on more than just your physical self, burning to a deep emotional space.Entire families and circles of friends feel worried about someone when they are dealing with a tough situation.But what if positive thinking could have the power to turn things around?
Going way back, when I was working with my husband to start our business, times were tough.Not only had we poured every part of our savings into building our dream, but we were working around the clock to make it happen.Our friends and family were our business partners.We were all tired and stressed but determined.Especially during that time, we did not surround ourselves with anyone who wasn’t positive and encouraging in our effort.Think great thoughts and welcome the idea that you are sure to succeed.
In business and in our personal lives, we are challenged at some point with unexpected hurdles．Wrapping yourself in positive energy by surrounding yourself with good people, good habits and love can be the perfect way to use optimism to overcome a challenge.
Just recently，I was curious if a positive attitude has been proved to help patients who are suffering from illness or disease to overcome and heal.What I found delighted me.According to the Mayo Clinic，“Positive thinking helps with stress management and can even improve your health.”By accepting an optimistic approach，you are able to deal with tough situations productively.
I have certainly heard many stories about people who have used a great attitude to overcome life-changing obstacles, and I am a total believer.I have seen the power of positive energy work for me—when I believe, I can handle anything that life sends my way.
【解题导语】 在生活中，我们通常会遇到一些不愉快或不如意的事情，用积极的态度面对，我们会发现其实困难也是很容易解决的。
1．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．Taking Charge of Your Attitude
B．Stopping Worrying About Others
C．Getting Prepared for Obstacles
D．Dealing with the Tough Situation
A 解析：标题归纳题。第一段中的“But what if positive thinking could have the power to turn things around？”点明了文章的主题“要用积极的态度面对生活中不愉快的事情”，故A项正确。
2．What did lead to the author and her husband’s success?
A．They got financial assistance from friends and family.
B．They used all their savings to realize their dream.
C．They were full of courage and perseverance.
D．They kept a positive and determined attitude.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“We were all tired and stressed but determined. Especially during that time, we did not surround ourselves with anyone who wasn’t positive and encouraging in our effort.”可知，在困难时期，作者和丈夫意志坚定，并且与态度积极向上的人打交道，故D项正确。
3．The underlined word “hurdles” in Paragraph 3 means “________”．
A．opportunities B．obstacles
C．disease D．assistance
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“we are challenged at some point with unexpected”和下文的“the perfect way to use optimism to overcome a challenge”可知，作者建议用积极的态度克服在事业和个人生活中出现的困难，画线词意为“障碍”，故B项正确。
4．The author has discovered recently that________．
A．positive people can face any obstacles
B．she has more power of positive energy
C．the positive attitude benefits the patients
D．stress management means good health
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Just recently, I was curious if a positive attitude has been proved to help patients who are suffering from illness or disease to overcome and heal. What I found delighted me.”可知，C项正确。
B
This year, the Paris museum that looks like a jumble(杂乱的一堆) of giant, colored pipes turns 40. The museum—the Pompidou Center—has a secure place in the heart of Paris and in Parisians’ hearts. But it wasn’t always the case.
“When it was first built, the reaction was one of disbelief，” said Serge Lasvignes, president of the Pompidou Center. “Le Monde newspaper wrote the museum’s construction brought shame on Paris, and city politicians thought their money had been totally wasted，” said Lasvignes. Critics said it looked like an oil refinery(炼油厂)．
France’s first museum entirely devoted to contemporary art saw the light of day thanks to the determination of one man—Georges Pompidou, an art lover who served as France’s president from 1969 to 1974.
In 1971, he started an international competition to build the museum, originally known as the Centre Beaubourg. The winning team, which included three young architects from Britain and Italy, was completely unknown at the time. Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers, the two architects who saw the project through, made the plan a reality.
“They didn’t think they had a chance to win. So they thought they might as well do exactly what they wanted，” Lasvignes said.
“The design took everyone by surprise and it was completely different from any other museum. Someone said to Piano, ‘Your thing is terrible—with the escalator(自动扶梯) on the outside, it looks like a supermarket！’” Lasvignes added.
Forty years later, the museum still tries to make culture available to everyone, Lasvignes said. He calls the Pompidou Center a museum like no other. “We are not only a museum，” he said. “We have concerts, debates, performances, a library... and everything flows together.” Pompidou felt putting up walls between different forms of art was harmful. “So we are a house of culture where people return again and again，” Lasvignes said.
The Pompidou Center is Europe’s biggest modern art museum; New York’s Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is the biggest in the world. “But the two museums have totally different strategies(策略)，” Lasvignes said. “The MoMA’s strategy is to collect masterpieces, and we try to represent an entire epoch(时代)．”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧洲最大的艺术博物馆——巴黎的蓬皮杜中心。
5．What was people’s attitude to the Pompidou Center at first?
A．They disliked it.
B．They respected it.
C．They were curious about it.
D．They paid little attention to it.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的one of disbelief, brought shame on Paris, their money had been totally wasted以及looked like an oil refinery(炼油厂)可知，一开始人们不喜欢蓬皮杜中心。
6．Who completed the construction of the Paris museum?
A．President of the Centre Beaubourg.
B．Three unknown French architects.
C．Georges Pompidou.
D．Piano and Rogers.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers, the two architects who saw the project through, made the plan a reality.可知，Piano和Rogers负责建设蓬皮杜中心。
7．What was the Pompidou Center like in Lasvignes’ eyes?
A．Very solid.
B．Quite traditional.
C．Entirely original.
D．Extremely simple.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的they thought they might as well do exactly what they wanted和第六段中的it was completely different from any other museum可知，Lasvignes应该认为蓬皮杜中心的设计别出心裁。
8．Which is a notable feature of the Pompidou Center?
A．It collects great masterpieces.
B．It holds various cultural events.
C．It is the world’s biggest art museum.
D．It is particularly attractive to foreigners.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“We are not only a museum，” he said. “We have concerts, debates, performances, a library... and everything flows together.”可知，蓬皮杜中心的显著特点是，它不仅仅是一家博物馆，同时也举办各种文化活动。
语法填空
Changes in environmental conditions, activity levels, living conditions, diet, time zones, and jet lag may affect your travel. These problems may be 1.____________ (hard) on you as you age, particularly if you have a chronic (慢性的) 2.____________ (ill). You may also be at greater risk for such problems as infectious diseases and injuries. 3.__________ is important to discuss with a health care provider 4.____________ there is any possibility that your activities, or drugs will create a problem.
Falls are the leading cause of injury among older travellers. You might consider 5.____________ (use) a walking aid (e.g.a cane or walker) to prevent falls.
Older travellers should be especially mindful of the effects of heat. Be sure 6.____________ (drink) plenty of water during hot weather. If you’re planning a holiday involving hiking or walking, make sure you’re 7.____________ (physical) prepared for the effort. A suitable exercise program to prepare your body should 8.____________ (discuss) with your health care provider and you should start to exercise 9.____________ least a few weeks before leaving.
If you’re an older traveller, you should discuss the details of your trip—destination, length of stay and 10.____________(plan) activities—with your health care provider or a travel health clinic well before leaving. We strongly recommend that you purchase proper travel health insurance.
【解题导语】 本文为老年旅游者提供了很好的出行建议，值得仔细品读。
1．harder 解析：考查形容词比较级。此处是说随着你变老，上文所提到的一些变化会让你更难应对，由下文的 You may also be at greater risk 也可得到提示用形容词比较级，故填 harder。
2．illness 解析：考查名词。根据空格前面的不定冠词和形容词可知，此处应该填一个名词，故填 illness。
3．It 解析：考查代词。此处应该填 it 作形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。
4．whether/if 解析：考查宾语从句引导词。此处意思是说与保健医生讨论你的活动或者正在服用的药物是否有可能会产生问题，故填whether或if。
5．using 解析：考查非谓语动词。consider 意为“考虑”时，后接动名词作宾语，故填 using。
6．to drink 解析：考查非谓语动词。be sure to do sth.表示“一定、务必做某事”，故填 to drink。
7．physically 解析：考查副词。此处用副词作状语修饰谓语 are prepared，表示“在身体方面做好准备”，故填physically。
8．be discussed 解析：考查谓语动词的语态。discuss 与句子主语 exercise program之间是动宾关系，因此应该用被动语态，should 是情态动词，后接动词原形，故填 be discussed。
9．at 解析：考查介词。at least 是固定搭配，意为“至少”。
10．planned 解析：考查非谓语动词。and 连接了三个名词 destination, length of stay 和 activities，由此可知，此处所填词应该能够作定语修饰 activities，plan 与被修饰名词 activities 之间是动宾关系，因此需要用过去分词形式，故填 planned。
B卷
阅读理解
I went nose to nose with a mouse last week, and I’d rather not say who won.
I was cooking when my friend phoned me to help her catch a mouse she had found in the kitchen.The mouse was under the fridge when I arrived.The cat was standing guard, slowly swinging its tail.I tried to put a broom handle beneath the fridge to force it out, but there were too many wires.My friend pulled up a chair at the table and I pulled a chair beside the fridge, armed with a plastic box as my trap.It was a good plan, but as is usually the case, it didn’t go according to plan.
After a while, the mouse put its head out.I knelt down on the floor in front of the fridge and angled the box to create a no-escape trap.The mouse moved out farther and I put the box down immediately.Unfortunately, the only thing inside the box was the mouse’s tail, still attached to the mouse, which was now struggling with its little legs in an attempt to take__to__its__heels．The cat just sat.
The mouse crawled(爬) up on the broom handle I’d used earlier, and we were now eyeball to eyeball.If I’d wanted to—and I didn’t—I could have seized it with my teeth, I shouted I needed something else to get the mouse.My friend handed me another container.I lowered box two over the mouse’s body，still on the broom handle, with its tail still in box one.Despite my two-box move, the mouse escaped and shot back under the fridge.
Shortly after I left, my friend found the mouse.It was bathed in the sunlight in her bedroom.The cat was sitting next to it, enjoying the rays as well.She said they were a cute couple. Learning from my mistakes, she got a box—and a lid—and said the mouse all but jumped in the box and helped her seal the lid.Just a small change brought about an unexpected result.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。猫和老鼠是冤家，和平相处似乎是不可能的。但在本篇文章里，猫和老鼠互不侵犯，相安无事。反而是作者和她的朋友大动干戈，想尽方法捉老鼠。
1．What does the last sentence in Paragraph 2 suggest?
A．The plan ended in failure.
B．The plan wasn’t worth carrying out.
C．The plan wasn’t carried out properly.
D．The plan proved to be an unexpected one.
A 解析：推理判断题。第二段的最后一句的意思为：这是一个好计划，但是就像通常的情况那样，事情未按计划发展。再结合下文的内容可知，作者制定的捕鼠计划没能成功，以失败告终了。故选A。
2．What does the underlined part “take to its heels” mean?
A．Go back. B．Stand up.
C．Fight back. D．Get away.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据下文中的“The mouse crawled(爬) up on the broom handle” “Despite my two-box move, the mouse escaped and shot back under the fridge.”可知，此处指的是老鼠在奋力逃跑。由此可知，take to one’s heels的意思应是“逃走，溜掉”，与get away的意思相近。故选D。
3．What were the mouse and the cat doing in the bedroom?
A．Enjoying the harmony.
B．Comforting each other.
C．Celebrating the escape.
D．Appreciating the view.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was bathed in the sunlight in her bedroom.The cat was sitting next to it, enjoying the rays as well.She said they were a cute couple.”可知，老鼠和猫挨着在作者朋友的卧室里晒太阳。由此可知，它们在作者的朋友的卧室里和谐相处。故选A。
4．Who had the last laugh?
A．The author. B．The author’s friend.
C．The mouse. D．The cat.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者和朋友之前想尽办法，一心想捉往老鼠，但是失败了。作者走后，朋友从作者的失败中吸取教训，使老鼠自己跑进了陷阱里，作者的朋友成功抓到了老鼠，因此作者的朋友笑到了最后(即获得了胜利)。故选B。
完形填空
I was recently on a working trip to Mumbai.One evening I __1__ an auto rickshaw(电动人力车) home from work.It was around 6 p．m. and there was __2__ rush-hour traffic.Because of this the rickshaw was travelling at a snail’s pace.
I was __3__in my own thoughts, thinking about the day’s events, when a Mumbai traffic warden(交通管理员) appeared and slapped the driver three times, quite __4__，across his face.
I was __5__ by this sudden turn of events! I asked the driver to take the rickshaw to one side of the street and __6__.I asked what had happened.He said that, by mistakes, he had __7__the traffic warden’s shoes.I told him he should have stopped and __8__．But, at the same time, I knew that the driver did not __9__getting beaten up like that!
So, I asked the driver to accompany me to the __10__where the traffic warden was directing the traffic.
Then I in a gentle __11__ told him that the rickshaw driver __12__ his mistake and wanted to apologize for it.The warden, who was all set to react again when he __13__ the driver, calmed down on __14__ my words and the tone of my voice.The driver accepted his __15__ but started complaining loudly that he did not deserve to get beaten up.
The heated discussion began to attract a crowd.__16__，good sense prevailed(获胜) and the traffic warden accepted the apology of the rickshaw driver.I __17__ both of them to shake hands, which they did and they parted as friends.
We went back to the rickshaw and proceeded to my destination.As I finished paying the __18__ he said in a soft voice, “Sahib, __19__ you for what you have done.” Hearing those words I knew I had made a(n) __20__ in somebody’s life.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了作者在孟买工作时，一天晚上下班后在乘电动人力车回家的途中，帮助解决了人力车司机与交通管理员之间的一次小纠纷的故事。
1．A.repaired B．fetched
C．pulled D．took
D 解析： 根据下文中的“home from work”可知，作者是乘坐电动人力车下班回家。take乘坐； repair修理； fetch (去) 拿来；pull拉，拖，拔。
2．A.weak B．tense
C．heavy D．tough
C 解析： 由下文中的“Because of this the rickshaw was travelling at a snail’s pace.”可知，这个人力车正以极慢的速度行进。由此可知此时处于交通高峰期，所以选C项。 heavy 过度的，严重的；weak虚弱的； tense紧张的，绷紧的； tough困难的，强硬的。
3．A.busy B．lost
C．good D．careful
B 解析： 由下文的“thinking about the day’s events”可知，此处应选B项。 be lost in全神贯注于，陷入沉思。
4．A.quickly B．violently
C．seriously D．shortly
B 解析： 由第五段的最后一句话“...but started complaining loudly that he did not deserve to get beaten up.”可知，交通管理员打了这个人力车司机的脸三下，而且很用力。故选B项。 violently猛烈地，强烈地；quickly迅速地； seriously严肃地，认真地；shortly立即，马上。
5．A.shocked B．delighted
C．puzzled D．embarrassed
A 解析： 由下文的“this sudden turn of events”可知，此处应为“震惊的(shocked) ”， delighted高兴的； puzzled迷惑的； embarrassed 尴尬的。
6．A.charge B．serve
C．stop D．bear
C 解析： 因为出现了突发事件，所以作者让人力车的司机把车拉到路边并且停下来。所以选C项。
7．A.come over B．thought over
C．knocked over D．run over
D 解析： 根据下文可知，人力车司机压到了交通管理员的脚。 run over在……上驶过，碾过；come over过来，改变立场； think over仔细考虑； knock over打翻，撞倒。
8．A.apologized B．complained
C．returned D．beaten
A 解析： 根据第五段首句“Then I in a gentle...told him that the rickshaw driver...his mistake and wanted to apologize for it.”可知，我告诉他，他应该停下来并且道歉。故选A项。complain抱怨； return返回； beat打败。
9．A.ripen B．deserve
C．require D．sharpen
B 解析： 根据第五段尾句“...but started complaining loudly that he did not deserve to get beaten up.”可知，“我”知道司机不该挨打，故选deserve，意为“应受，值得”。ripen (使) 成熟；require要求； sharpen削尖，磨快。
10．A.relation B．man
C．spot D．quality
C 解析： 从上文知，作者让人力车司机停在路边并且向交通管理员道歉。且从句子的结构分析，where引导定语从句，其先行词应为表地点的名词。故选C项。spot地点，场所。
11．A.sigh B．noise
C．sound D．voice
D 解析： 根据下文的“the tone of my voice”可知，此处应选D 项。in a gentle voice用轻柔的声音。
12．A.accepted B．received
C．got D．wanted
A 解析： 由下文的“...wanted to apologize for it.”可知选accept，意为“承认，接受”。receive收到，接到；get得到； want想要。
13．A.waited B．saw
C．found D．managed
B 解析： 由第四段的“I asked the driver to accompany me”可知，人力车司机与作者一起到交通管理员那儿去道歉。由此知“当这位交通管理员看见这位司机时……”。故选B项。
14．A.retelling B．informing
C．relating D．hearing
D 解析： 由下文的“my words and the tone of my voice”可知， 此处应选D项。retell复述； inform通知； relate讲述，叙述。
15．A.mistake B．apology
C．thought D．opinion
A 解析： 根据本段第一句话中的“mistake”可知，此处选A 项。apology道歉； thought想法； opinion想法，意见。
16．A.Fortunately B．Frankly
C．Suddenly D．Frequently
A 解析： 根据下文中的“...good sense prevailed(获胜) and the traffic warden accepted the apology of the rickshaw driver.”可知，该题选A项。fortunately幸运地； frankly 坦白地； suddenly突然地； frequently经常地，频繁地。
17．A.advised B．persuaded
C．warned D．reminded
B 解析： 根据下文的“...which they did and they parted as friends.”可知，“我”劝他们去握手，而且成功了。故选B 项。persuade说服，劝服； advise建议(但是所建议的事情不一定成功); warn警告； remind提醒。
18．A.expense B．fee
C．fare D．price
C 解析： 由第一段的内容可知，作者乘电动人力车回家。而本段的内容说明作者到了目的地，所以是在付车费。故选C项。fare“车费，路费”。而fee指的是“服务费，酬金(如付给私人教师、医生等的酬金)”。
19．A.praise B．scold
C．forgive D．thank
D 解析： 由上文的内容可知，作者帮助人力车司机解决了与交通管理员的纠纷，因此人力车司机感谢他。故选D项。
20．A.effort B．promise
C．difference D．point
C 解析： make a difference有影响，起 (重要) 作用。句意：听到那些话，我知道我已经在他人的生活中起到了一定的作用。make an effort努力； make a promise答应，允诺； make a point发表论点，证明一个论点。
短文改错
Dear Sir,
Thank you for invite me to the summer English courses in your school.As for your choice among the two courses, I prefer the four-week course because of it will allow me more time to do traveling and make a few new friends.Of all the subject I’m learning at school, I like English better.I had been learning English for eleven years but my spoken English is poorly.So I really hope to take this chance to improve them.If possible, I’d like to stay with a family for a couple of days in order that I can know some customs in England, that I’m particularly interested in.I believe I will have good time this summer.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Sir,
Thank you for me to the summer English courses in your school.As for your choice the two courses, I prefer the four-week course because it will allow me more time to do traveling and make a few new friends.Of all the I’m learning at school, I like English .I been learning English for eleven years but my spoken English is .So I really hope to take this chance to improve .If possible, I’d like to stay with a family for a couple of days in order that I can know some customs in England, I’m particularly interested in.I believe I will have good time this summer.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
虚拟语气(一)语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的意图或态度。英语中有陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、假想或建议。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
主句
条件状语从句
与过去事实相反
should/would/could/ might＋have＋过去分词
had＋过去分词
与现在事实相反
would/should/could/ might＋动词原形
一般过去时
(be动词常用were)
与将来事实相反
would/should/could/ might＋动词原形
一般过去时/should＋动词原形/were to do
If the new safety system had been put to use, the accident would never have happened.(与过去事实相反)
如果新的安全系统已经投入使用，那场事故就不会发生了。
We would be back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.(与现在事实相反)
如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。
Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.(与将来事实相反)
格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。
对接高考
①If Mr.Dewey ____________(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
如果杜威先生在场， 他就会向那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。
had been 解析：根据本句后面主句中的would have offered说明与过去事实相反， 故从句中使用过去完成时。
②I ____________(go) to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.
昨晚我本应该去参加我堂妹的生日聚会， 但我没有空。
would have gone 解析： I was not available表示的是过去的真实情况， 为含蓄条件， 相当于if I had been available(如果我有空的话), 此处为与过去情况相反的虚拟语气， 主句应使用“would＋have done”结构。
二、虚拟条件句的特殊情况
1．虚拟条件句的省略与倒装
若if引导的虚拟条件句中含有had，were，should时，省略if，可以把had，were，should放在句首，使用倒装语序。
Were it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
如果没有老师的帮助，这个学生可能克服不了她的困难。
It might have saved me some trouble had I known the schedule.
要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。
对接高考
③____________(be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
如果没有现代的电信业， 要想得到世界各地的消息， 我们就不得不等几个星期。
Were 解析： 本题是一个if条件句的虚拟语气， 表示与现在事实相反， if从句中使用“过去时/were”， 主句使用“情态动词＋动词原形”； 在if被省略的时候， 要使用部分倒装。
2．错综时间条件句
如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语。
Maybe if I had studied science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
也许如果当时我学的是理科不是文科的话，那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。
3．含蓄虚拟语气
有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有：without(要是)没有；but for要不是；otherwise/or否则等。
—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？
—Yes.Otherwise, I wouldn’t have been able to reach her yesterday.
——是的，不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。
Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.
要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。
三、虚拟语气用于宾语从句
本单元主要讲虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句。wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气一般分三种情况：
用法
宾语从句中谓语动词的形式
对现在情况的假设
一般过去时(be动词常用were)
对过去情况的假设
had＋过去分词
对将来情况的假设
would/could/might＋动词原形
I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then. 我多么希望上周二我参加了我妹妹的婚礼，但是我当时在纽约出差。
单句语法填空
1． Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ____________(tell) me, I could have helped.
答案：had told
2． If it ____________(not be) for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
答案：had not been
3． Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths ____________(not fall) since their highest in 2005.
答案：would not have fallen
4． It is lucky we booked a room, or we ____________(have) nowhere to stay now.
答案：would have
5．I wish I ____________(be) a singer now and that I ____________(sing) all over the world in the future.
答案：were；would/could sing
6．Without your help, we ____________ (not finish) the work ahead of time.
答案：couldn’t/wouldn’t have finished
7．I was ill that day.Otherwise, I ____________(take) part in the sports meeting.
答案：would/could/might have taken
8．Peter wishes that he ____________ (study) law instead of literature when he was in college.
答案：had studied
单句改错
1．If it rained tomorrow, they will not go for a picnic.____________________
答案：will→ would
2．If I have known that it was going to rain，I would never have gone for a walk in the country. ____________________
答案：第一个have→had
3．I wish I had a chance to talk to you last night, but you left so early.____________________
答案：在had前加had
4．But for the help of my English teacher, I will not have won first prize in the English competition.____________________
答案：will→would
5．If I am you, I would go to Shanghai to watch the football match now.____________________
答案：am→were
语法与写作
1．我希望我有一天能飞到月球去。
I wish I ________________________ one day.
答案：could/would fly to the moon
2．要不是天气不好，我们昨天就去野营了。
But for the bad weather, we ____________________ yesterday.
答案：would have gone camping
3．如果我是一个超人，我会做我想做的任何事情。
If ________________________， I ________________ I like.
答案：I were a superman；would do anything
4．如果我听从了父亲的建议，我会做得更好。
If I ________________ my father’s suggestion, I would have done it better.
答案：had taken
5．如果你事先做好准备，现在就不至于那么被动。
If you ________________ in advance, you ________________________________________________________________________
in such an awkward position now.
答案：had prepared；wouldn’t be
如何写道歉信
文体感知
道歉信是写信人对未尽之事向收信人表示歉意， 语言要诚挚， 解释的理由要真实， 不要显出丝毫虚情假意， 从而使收信人理解， 并达到最终谅解。
道歉信通常包括三部分：
1．表示歉意， 道歉的原因；
2．出现差错的原因， 提出弥补的措施；
3．请求原谅。
增分佳句
1．I apologize to you for...
2．I am very sorry to tell you that...
3．I apologize again for any trouble that might have been caused by my carelessness.
4．We regret not being able to give you a more favorable reply.
5．Regret the trouble I’m causing you.
6．We are sorry we are unable to meet your requirements for/of...
7．I’m terribly sorry for my carelessness and please forgive me.
8．I apologize for whatever trouble this is causing you.
9．I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apology.
写作要求
假设你是李华， 你原定于8月28日(星期天上午8: 30)到你的朋友李明家去帮他补习英语， 但由于你十多年没见的叔叔来访没去成。 请你写一封信表达你的歉意， 并约定好下一个星期天8: 30让李明到你家。
注意：1.信的内容包含以上所提的要点；
2．词数： 100左右。
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
应用文
话题
道歉
时态
以一般现在时为主
人称
第一人称
词汇推敲
1．为某事向某人道歉________________
答案：apologize to sb.for sth.
2．失约________________
答案：break promise
3．突然到访________________
答案：sudden arrival
4．帮助某人某事________________
答案：help sb.with sth.
5．接受道歉________________
答案：accept apology
遣词造句
1．完成句子
①我知道我应该为我没有在8月28日8: 30去你家帮你补习英语的失约而受到责备。
I promised to go to your house to help you to improve your English at 8：30 a．m.on August 28th, but I __________________．So, I ________________ breaking my promise.
②我应该在那天早上8: 30到你家， 但是我的一位十多年没见的叔叔突然到访， 让我没法离开。
I __________________ at 8：30 that morning, but the sudden arrival of my uncle __________________．I hadn’t seen my uncle for more than ten years.
答案：①broke my promise；am to blame for
②should have been in your house; made me fail to leave
2．句式升级
③用同位语从句升级①
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
④用who引导的定语从句升级②
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：③I know I am to blame for breaking my promise that I would go to your house to help you improve your English at 8：30 a．m.on August 28th.
④I should have been in your house at 8：30 that morning, but the sudden arrival of my uncle who hadn’t been seen for more than ten years made me fail to leave.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Dear Li Ming,
I’m writing to apologize to you for not coming.I know I am to blame for breaking my promise that I would go to your house to help you improve your English at 8：30 a．m.on August 28th.I should have been in your house at 8：30 that morning, but the sudden arrival of my uncle who hadn’t been seen for more than ten years made me fail to leave.I will help you with your English next Sunday at 8：30.
I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apology.I’m looking forward to your reply.
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
A卷
单句语法填空
1．It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I ____________(do) it?
答案：had done
2．As John Lennon once said, life is ____________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
答案：what
3．If I ____________(not be) lucky enough to meet you, I really don’t know what I would have done.
答案：hadn’t been
4．The millions of calculation involved, had they ____________(do) by hand, they would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.
答案：been done
5．If I ____________(be) you，I would do it in another way.
答案：were
6．If he____________(take) my advice，he would have succeeded in the competition.
答案： had taken
7．Can you imagine what difficulty people had this year ____________(fight) against the severe natural disasters?
答案：fighting
8．The reason why he failed the exam is ____________ he didn’t work hard.
答案：that
9．____________ it rain tomorrow, we should put off the match till next Friday.
答案：Should
10．When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it ____________(break)．
答案：were broken
阅读理解
When going through major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time. We’ve all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changed—graduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc. I don’t think I need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity. If you’ve ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you change as well.
Most people don’t make these choices consciously(意识到地) though.You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship. But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately.
There’s__no__“getting__rid__of__people”．People are always dropping into and out of each other’s lives. Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations. You don’t get rid of anyone. The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.
What about loyalty(忠诚)? Shouldn’t you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, even if his influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldn’t you stick by them?
Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go.It means being loyal to their highest and best self as well. If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you aren’t showing loyalty by smoking right along with him.True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend.
It can take a lot of courage to tell someone，“I’m sorry, but I can’t have you in my life anymore.” But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, it’s often the best thing for the other person too. If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that it’s also hurting the other person. For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了人的一生会经历很多的改变，从而告诉我们：如何适应改变以及怎样做才是对朋友真正的忠诚。
1．When experiencing major life changes, people may ________．
A．join a new social community
B．influence their friends around
C．choose their friendships purposely
D．have their people environment changed
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When going through major life changes ...your people environment”可知，当经历人生重大改变时，人们也会经历人际环境的改变。即 D 项正确。
2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Everyone has at least one friend.
B．It is unnecessary to make new friends.
C．Friendships still exist though there are fewer connections.
D．You ought to treat your old and new friend equally.
C 解析：句意理解题。根据画线句后的“People are always dropping into...existing connections.”可知，尽管人们之间的联系少了，但友谊依然存在。故选C项。
3．What is the author’s opinion on the loyalty to friends?
A．Never betray your close friends whatever happens.
B．Correct their mistakes while you guard their goodness.
C．Stick by your friends even though they do harm to you.
D．Break up with your friends immediately if they smoke.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的第二句和最后一句可知，作者对朋友忠诚的态度是捍卫他们的优点但也要纠正错误，即B项正确。
4．How should we behave when employed by a violent boss?
A．We should accept what we are told to do.
B．We should stay silent and be in favor of it.
C．We should bravely disobey him if he is wrong.
D．We should give our boss courage to continue.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently”可知，如果老板错了，员工就要勇敢地不去服从，即C项正确。
完形填空
Standing in the driveway, I watched my grown children drive off into the distance.I looked down the road until I could no longer see their __1__．
“They live too far away from me，”I said to myself.“When did they __2__ and become parents of small children? __3__ that be me？”
I slipped back inside the house and just walked through the rooms for no reason __4__．I was just missing them already and looking for __5__ of their having been here.There were pillows on the floor and few stuffed (填充) animals __6__ around where the children had been playing.
I walked into the __7__ and there on the back of the sink was a bottle brush that had been left behind.“Ah, even Tessa left something behind，”I __8__．Well, I suppose she had help __9__ she was just four months old.
As I walked around the house, I picked up a few more __10__ on the floor—Tegan’s tooth, a pie pan, and the inside of a turkey fryer.
Hmmm, things left behind...I thought to myself.It seems there is one thing left behind on every __11__．Memories are always left behind, I reasoned, and what a(n) __12__ thing good memories are to us.I thought how each item left behind __13__ me of the person it belonged to and the stories __14__ it.
Memories happen even if we aren’t __15__ of it.The stressful and difficult moments often become memories that we __16__ later with laughter and joy.The memories of past hurts, bitterness, and anger, __17__， should be left behind __18__．These are the things that we should never __19__ until the next time they come, mail back, or bring with us on __20__ next visit.
As Elizabeth Stone said，“To have a child is to decide forever to have your heart go walking around outside your body.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述作者在孩子走后回忆和孩子在一起的点点滴滴，感慨有了回忆是多么的好，有的回忆要永远珍惜，有的回忆要永远留下。
1．A.smiles B．vehicles
C．pains D．bicycles
B 解析：根据I watched my grown children drive off into the distance.可知，孩子们是开车走了，所以作者一直看到看不见孩子的车为止。
2．A.drop out B．break away
C．set off D．grow up
D 解析：根据后面“become parents of small children”可知，孩子是长大了。drop out辍学；break away脱开，离开，逃脱；set off出发，动身；grow up成长。
3．A.Shouldn’t B．Wouldn’t
C．Can’t D．Needn’t
A 解析：作者看到孩子们离去，突然觉得以前没觉得他们都长大了，因此才会自问：他们是什么时候长大并当了父母的？难道不应该是我吗？Shouldn’t不应该，此处表达一种反问的语气。
4．A.with joy B．with anger
C．in particular D．in return
C 解析：作者回到房间，没有特别的原因在房间里面走来走去。with joy高兴的；with anger生气的；in particular尤其，特别；in return作为回报。
5．A.signals B．atmosphere
C．signs D．information
C 解析：作者想念孩子们，在房间里寻找他们曾在这儿的痕迹。signals信号；atmosphere气氛，大气； signs标志，迹象；information信息。
6．A.jumping B．lying
C．moving D．looking
B 解析：地上有几个枕头，孩子们玩的地上躺着几个填充玩具。
7. A．house B．distance
C．kitchen D．driveway
C 解析：根据后面there on the back of the sink was a bottle brush that had been left behind可知，作者是到了厨房。
8．A.announced B．explained
C．complained D．replied
A 解析：根据前面“Ah，even Tessa left something behind”可知，是作者说的话。announced宣布，郑重地说。
9．A.when B．unless
C．until D．since
D 解析：因为她只有4个月大，我还以为有人帮她呢。since既然，由于。
10．A.items B．toys
C．memories D．treasures
A 解析：根据后面Tegan’s tooth, a pie pan, and the inside of a turkey fryer可知，作者捡起来一些物品。items 物品。
11．A.table B．course
C．occasion D．comer
C 解析：根据后面；Memories are always left behind可知，每个场合都会留下东西。occasion偶然，机会，场合。
12．A.funny B．private
C．ordinary D．precious
D 解析：好的记忆对我们是多么宝贵的东西啊。funny滑稽的；private私人的；ordinary普通的；precious宝贵的。
13．A.reminded B．informed
C．warned D．convinced
A 解析：每个留下的物品都使我想起它的主人。reminded提醒；informed通知；warned警告；convinced使……相信。
14．A.promoting B．surrounding
C．acknowledging D．exposing
B 解析：这里指围绕这些物品的故事(即记忆)。surrounding作定语修饰stories。
15．A.proud B．ashamed
C．afraid D．aware
D 解析：有时我们还没有意识到就产生了记忆。be aware of意识到。
16．A.attach importance to B．throw doubt on
C．get hold of D．look back upon
D 解析：一些痛苦的艰难的回忆在回顾的时候是带着笑声和快乐的。attach importance to重视；throw doubt on怀疑；get hold of把握；look back upon回顾。
17．A.besides B．therefore
C．otherwise D．however
D 解析：然而，过去的伤痛、痛苦、愤怒的回忆是应该留下的。besides此外；therefore因此；otherwise否则；however然而。
18．A.partly B．sometimes
C．forever D．unwillingly
C 解析：根据后面These are the things that we should never... until the next time they come可知，这些不好的记忆应该永远留下来。partly部分地；sometimes有时；forever永远；unwillingly不愿意地。
19．A.present B．keep
C．overlook D．experience
B 解析：有些东西我们不该留到下次再次出现。present呈现；keep保持；overlook忽视；experience经历。
20．A.your B．their
C．its D．our
D 解析：或者是我们下次去探望的时候带着。
B卷
阅读理解
A
The word or phrase that you use to open your email account may provide a key to your personality as well as to your correspondence(信件), according to a British psychologist.Helen Petrie, professor of human/computer interaction(交互作用) at City，University in London, analysed the responses of 1，200 Britons who participated in a survey funded(提资金) by CentralNic, an Internet domain name company.The results were recently published on CentralNic’s website.
Petrie identifies three main password “types”．“Family oriented”respondents numbered nearly half of those surveyed.These people use their own name or nickname, the name of a child, partner, or pet or a birth date as their password.They tend to be occasional computer users and have strong family ties.“They choose passwords that symbolize people or events with emotional value，”says Petrie.One third of respondents were “fans”， using the names of athletes, singers, movie stars, fictional characters, or sports teams.Petrie says fans are young and want to attach themselves to the lifestyle represented by a celebrity.Two of the most popular names were Madonna and Homer Simpson.The third main group of participants are“cryptics” because they pick confusing passwords or a random (随机的) string of letters, numbers, and symbols such as “Jxa＋157”．Petrie says cryptics are the most security-conscious group.They tend to make the safest but least interesting choices.
Passwords are revealing for two reasons.First，because they are invented on the spot.“Since you are focused on getting into a system, for example your email account, you’re likely to write down something that comes quickly to mind，”says Petrie.“In this sense passwords take advantage of things that are just below the surface of consciousness.Also，to remember your password, you pick something that will stick in your mind.You may unconsciously choose something of particular emotional importance.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，密码可以揭示人们的个性。
1．How did Petrie draw her conclusions?
A．By observing participants’ reactions.
B．By interviewing 1，200 people.
C．By studying survey results.
D．By doing an experiment.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的analysed the responses of 1，200 Britons who participated in a survey可知，Helen Petrie分析了参与调查的1 200位英国人的答复，得出“密码会揭示人的个性”的结论。
2．What do we know about people whose passwords are “family oriented”？
A．They probably have large families.
B．They are likely to be animal lovers.
C．They tend to be social and emotional.
D．They are probably infrequent computer users.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的They tend to be occasional computer users and have strong family ties.可知，用家庭信息作为密码的人往往不经常用电脑，而且有很强的家庭纽带。
3．What does Petrie say about the “cryptic” group?
A．They have strong safety awareness.
B．They lack imagination and creativity.
C．They change their passwords regularly.
D．They can’t think of an interesting password.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的Petrie says cryptics are the most security-conscious group.They tend to make the safest but least interesting choices.可知，Petrie认为cryptics是最有安全意识的群体。
4．Why can passwords reveal our personalities?
A．We choose words we will easily remember.
B．We are willing to invent something personal.
C．We are likely to value important experiences.
D．We pick up a password after careful consideration.
A 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的to remember your password, you pick something that will stick in your mind可知，在设密码时，我们往往会写下脑子里首先想到的，要记住密码，我们会选那些容易记住的。
B
From self-driving cars to carebots (care＋robots) for elderly people, rapid development in technology has long represented a possible threat to many jobs normally performed by people.But experts now believe that almost 50 percent of occupations existing today will be completely unnecessary by 2025 as artificial intelligence continues to change businesses.
“The next fifteen years will see a revolution in how we work, and a revolution will necessarily take place in how we plan and think about workplaces，”said Peter Andrew, Director of Workplace Strategy for CBRE Asia Pacific.
A growing number of jobs in the future will require creative intelligence, social skills and the ability to use artificial intelligence.
The report is based on interviews with 200 experts, business leaders and young people from Asia Pacific, Europe and North America.It shows that in the US technology already destroys more jobs than it creates.
But the report states：“Losing occupations does not necessarily mean losing jobs—just changing what people do.”Growth in new jobs could occur as much, according to the research.
“The growth of 20 to 40 person companies that have the speed and technological know-how will directly challenge big companies，”it states.
A 2014 report by Pew Research found 52 percent of experts in artificial intelligence and robotics were optimistic about the future and believed there would still be enough jobs in the next few years.The optimists pictured“a future in which robots do not take the place of more jobs than they create，”according to Aaron Smith, the report’s co-author.
“Technology will continue to affect jobs, but more jobs seem likely to be created.Although there have always been unemployed people, when we reached a few billion people there were billions of jobs.There is no shortage of things that need to be done and that will not change，”Microsoft’s Jonathan Grudin told researchers.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了未来社会人工智能的发展。
5．According to the report, ________．
A．people won’t necessarily lose jobs
B．big companies will face fewer challenges
C．small companies will win against big companies
D．most people will become interested in technology
A 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲人工智能的发展会对人们未来生活产生影响，很多职业将会消失，但失去职业并不等于丢掉工作，只是改变了人们做的是什么，人们将会从事更具创造性的工作。故选A项。
6．We can infer from the text that in the future ________．
A．people will face many difficulties
B．people will take up more creative jobs
C．artificial intelligence will threaten people’s lives
D．most jobs will be done in traditional workplaces
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章大意的理解，人们将会从事更具创造性的工作。故选B项。
7. What is the attitude of most experts in artificial intelligence and robotics to the future?
A．Mixed. B．Worried.
C．Hopeful. D．Doubtful.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的The optimists pictured“a future in which robots do not take the place of more jobs than they create，”according to Aaron Smith可知，这些专家们对人工智能的未来充满了希望。故选C项。
8．Jonathan Grudin’s words in the last paragraph suggest that ________．
A．there will be enough jobs for people
B．things will change a lot in a few years
C．many people will become unemployed
D．technology will totally change future jobs
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Technology will continue to affect jobs, but more jobs seem likely to be created.Although there have always been unemployed people, when we reached a few billion people there were billions of jobs.”可知，在未来社会，人们虽然会失业，但却会面临更多的需要创造性的工作。故选A项。
C
Dear Hiring Manager，
I was first impressed with Sharon Westman’s enthusiasm, communication skills and professional manner when I hired her four years ago as a customer service representative within JRW Inc.’s call center. During the two years Sharon reported to me (I have since moved on to a different department), she always showed all of these qualities and more, and I heartily support her for any customer service position.
Sharon is always reliable and optimistic. Her ability to calm angry or frustrated customers is unparalleled(无与伦比的), which is worth learning and I repeatedly asked her to train new employees in the call center. Sharon is also able to handle several tasks at the same time. She often met or even did better than all weekly call center standards, and her daily written reports were accurate.
Of particular value to me as a former call center manager was Sharon’s team player mindset(心态). I regularly received praise from colleagues and customers speaking highly of Sharon’s outstanding level of service, and professionalism.
Organized and diligent, Sharon quickly learned technology systems and software that were unfamiliar to her when she first started with JRW; she also attended optional professional-development classes offered through the company. She is studying for a degree in business through evening classes at ABC Community College.
Sharon is a hardworking, top-performing customer service professional. She has my highest recommendation(推荐), and I am happy to give more details if you would like additional information.
Sincerely，
Carla Pederson
Field Service Manager
JRW Inc.
【解题导语】 本文是一封推荐信，作者在信中列举了他的一位前员工的各种优秀之处。
9．Why was Sharon asked to train new employees?
A．She loved repeated work.
B．She had an interest in training.
C．New employees loved her very much.
D．Her communication skills were useful for them.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Her ability... which is worth learning and I repeatedly asked her to train new employees in the call center.可知，作者觉得Sharon擅长和顾客沟通这一点值得学习，所以让她训练新员工。
10．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．Sharon wants to start a new company.
B．Sharon always tries to improve herself.
C．Sharon left JRW to attend business classes.
D．Sharon was responsible for technology systems.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Sharon掌握了技术系统，选修个人发展课程，还在修读商科，表明她一直在提升自己。
11．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this letter?
A．To praise Sharon for her good qualities.
B．To thank Sharon for what she has done.
C．To recommend Sharon for a new job.
D．To recall one of his former employees.
C 解析：写作意图题。根据文章最后一句She has my highest recommendation(推荐), and I am happy to give more details if you would like additional information.可知，本文是作者为Sharon的新工作写的推荐信。
语法填空
“Remember, your father is only one year 1.____________(old) than you.” That was Mum’s usual excuse when Dad said the wrong things or did something 2.____________(fool)．
Dad quitted drinking exactly one year before I was born.He joined a group of other people.He said they 3.____________(stop) drinking, too.I loved my dad 4.____________ I hated the way his weekly meetings took him away 5.____________ me.It seemed that they were more important to him than I was.But with my birthday coming up I thought Dad would make an 6.____________(except)．“Can’t you miss it just this time? Saturday is my birthday! ” I begged him but 7.____________(refuse)．He said “I am chairing the meeting this Saturday.We will have your party on Sunday.”
Saturday evening I sat on my bed, 8.____________(feel) sorry for myself.Dad started to leave, then paused and said, “Why not come with me together tonight? It’s an open meeting.All are welcome.”9.____________ would I do at a meeting? But maybe I needed to see why something Dad did every week mattered so much.
After we arrived, Dad announced that the theme of the meeting was going to be gratitude.He told his story about giving up smoking.Later, a man 10.____________(call) Dave also told his story.Only then did I know it was Dad that saved his life from drinking.Showing up week after week and meeting with people, Dad was changing lives.Shame washed over me.
1．older 解析： 句中出现than, 用比较级。
2．foolish 解析：形容词修饰不定代词something, 意为“一些愚蠢的事”。
3．had stopped 解析： 戒酒的事情在爸爸说话前已经发生， 故用过去完成时。
4．but 解析： 前半句说爱爸爸， 后半句又说讨厌， 前后句意转折， 用but。
5．from 解析： take sb.away from sb.把某人带走； 让某人远离。
6．exception 解析：不定冠词an后用名词， exception 例外。
7．was refused 解析： 我祈求他但是被他拒绝了， 前后时态一致， 都用过去时， 这里表被动， 故用一般过去时的被动语态。
8．feeling 解析： feel的逻辑主语是I, 这里用动词的现在分词形式表伴随。
9．What 解析： do缺少宾语， 此处意为“我在会上干什么呢？”， 故用What。
10．called 解析： 过去分词作后置定语， 相当于定语从句that/who was called。意为 “一个叫Dave的人”。
书面表达
由于某种原因， 李明昨晚未能按时到纽约剧院见黄涛。 现以李明的身份向黄涛写一封道歉信。 信中包括以下内容：
1．昨天未能准时到剧院的原因——妈妈迟归， 要照顾弟弟；
2．晚8点才赶到剧院， 迟到了45分钟。 李明以为黄涛已经走了， 没有见到他；
3．提出解决办法。
注意： 1.内容应包括以上要点， 可以适当发挥， 增加细节， 以使文章连贯；
2．词数100左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Huang Tao,
I am very sorry for failing to meet you last night.I hope you did not wait too long outside.I had to look after my small brother until my mother returned home.She arrived home much later than usual and I couldn’t catch the last bus.So I decided to get on a train and I arrived at the New York Theatre at eight o’clock.I didn’t think that you would still be there because it was three quarters of an hour late.I do hope that you will forgive me.
Anyway, how about next Friday?
Love,
Li Ming
课件39张PPT。Unit 3 Understanding each otherSection Ⅳ Grammar & Writing本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
单句语法填空
1．It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I ____________(do) it?
答案：had done
2．As John Lennon once said, life is ____________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
答案：what
3．If I ____________(not be) lucky enough to meet you, I really don’t know what I would have done.
答案：hadn’t been
4．The millions of calculation involved, had they ____________(do) by hand, they would have lost all practical value by the time they were finished.
答案：been done
5．If I ____________(be) you，I would do it in another way.
答案：were
6．If he____________(take) my advice，he would have succeeded in the competition.
答案： had taken
7．Can you imagine what difficulty people had this year ____________(fight) against the severe natural disasters?
答案：fighting
8．The reason why he failed the exam is ____________ he didn’t work hard.
答案：that
9．____________ it rain tomorrow, we should put off the match till next Friday.
答案：Should
10．When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as if it ____________(break)．
答案：were broken
阅读理解
When going through major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time. We’ve all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changed—graduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc. I don’t think I need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity. If you’ve ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you change as well.
Most people don’t make these choices consciously(意识到地) though.You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship. But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately.
There’s__no__“getting__rid__of__people”．People are always dropping into and out of each other’s lives. Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations. You don’t get rid of anyone. The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.
What about loyalty(忠诚)? Shouldn’t you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, even if his influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldn’t you stick by them?
Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go.It means being loyal to their highest and best self as well. If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you aren’t showing loyalty by smoking right along with him.True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend.
It can take a lot of courage to tell someone，“I’m sorry, but I can’t have you in my life anymore.” But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, it’s often the best thing for the other person too. If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that it’s also hurting the other person. For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了人的一生会经历很多的改变，从而告诉我们：如何适应改变以及怎样做才是对朋友真正的忠诚。
1．When experiencing major life changes, people may ________．
A．join a new social community
B．influence their friends around
C．choose their friendships purposely
D．have their people environment changed
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When going through major life changes ...your people environment”可知，当经历人生重大改变时，人们也会经历人际环境的改变。即 D 项正确。
2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Everyone has at least one friend.
B．It is unnecessary to make new friends.
C．Friendships still exist though there are fewer connections.
D．You ought to treat your old and new friend equally.
C 解析：句意理解题。根据画线句后的“People are always dropping into...existing connections.”可知，尽管人们之间的联系少了，但友谊依然存在。故选C项。
3．What is the author’s opinion on the loyalty to friends?
A．Never betray your close friends whatever happens.
B．Correct their mistakes while you guard their goodness.
C．Stick by your friends even though they do harm to you.
D．Break up with your friends immediately if they smoke.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的第二句和最后一句可知，作者对朋友忠诚的态度是捍卫他们的优点但也要纠正错误，即B项正确。
4．How should we behave when employed by a violent boss?
A．We should accept what we are told to do.
B．We should stay silent and be in favor of it.
C．We should bravely disobey him if he is wrong.
D．We should give our boss courage to continue.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently”可知，如果老板错了，员工就要勇敢地不去服从，即C项正确。
完形填空
Standing in the driveway, I watched my grown children drive off into the distance.I looked down the road until I could no longer see their __1__．
“They live too far away from me，”I said to myself.“When did they __2__ and become parents of small children? __3__ that be me？”
I slipped back inside the house and just walked through the rooms for no reason __4__．I was just missing them already and looking for __5__ of their having been here.There were pillows on the floor and few stuffed (填充) animals __6__ around where the children had been playing.
I walked into the __7__ and there on the back of the sink was a bottle brush that had been left behind.“Ah, even Tessa left something behind，”I __8__．Well, I suppose she had help __9__ she was just four months old.
As I walked around the house, I picked up a few more __10__ on the floor—Tegan’s tooth, a pie pan, and the inside of a turkey fryer.
Hmmm, things left behind...I thought to myself.It seems there is one thing left behind on every __11__．Memories are always left behind, I reasoned, and what a(n) __12__ thing good memories are to us.I thought how each item left behind __13__ me of the person it belonged to and the stories __14__ it.
Memories happen even if we aren’t __15__ of it.The stressful and difficult moments often become memories that we __16__ later with laughter and joy.The memories of past hurts, bitterness, and anger, __17__， should be left behind __18__．These are the things that we should never __19__ until the next time they come, mail back, or bring with us on __20__ next visit.
As Elizabeth Stone said，“To have a child is to decide forever to have your heart go walking around outside your body.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述作者在孩子走后回忆和孩子在一起的点点滴滴，感慨有了回忆是多么的好，有的回忆要永远珍惜，有的回忆要永远留下。
1．A.smiles B．vehicles
C．pains D．bicycles
B 解析：根据I watched my grown children drive off into the distance.可知，孩子们是开车走了，所以作者一直看到看不见孩子的车为止。
2．A.drop out B．break away
C．set off D．grow up
D 解析：根据后面“become parents of small children”可知，孩子是长大了。drop out辍学；break away脱开，离开，逃脱；set off出发，动身；grow up成长。
3．A.Shouldn’t B．Wouldn’t
C．Can’t D．Needn’t
A 解析：作者看到孩子们离去，突然觉得以前没觉得他们都长大了，因此才会自问：他们是什么时候长大并当了父母的？难道不应该是我吗？Shouldn’t不应该，此处表达一种反问的语气。
4．A.with joy B．with anger
C．in particular D．in return
C 解析：作者回到房间，没有特别的原因在房间里面走来走去。with joy高兴的；with anger生气的；in particular尤其，特别；in return作为回报。
5．A.signals B．atmosphere
C．signs D．information
C 解析：作者想念孩子们，在房间里寻找他们曾在这儿的痕迹。signals信号；atmosphere气氛，大气； signs标志，迹象；information信息。
6．A.jumping B．lying
C．moving D．looking
B 解析：地上有几个枕头，孩子们玩的地上躺着几个填充玩具。
7. A．house B．distance
C．kitchen D．driveway
C 解析：根据后面there on the back of the sink was a bottle brush that had been left behind可知，作者是到了厨房。
8．A.announced B．explained
C．complained D．replied
A 解析：根据前面“Ah，even Tessa left something behind”可知，是作者说的话。announced宣布，郑重地说。
9．A.when B．unless
C．until D．since
D 解析：因为她只有4个月大，我还以为有人帮她呢。since既然，由于。
10．A.items B．toys
C．memories D．treasures
A 解析：根据后面Tegan’s tooth, a pie pan, and the inside of a turkey fryer可知，作者捡起来一些物品。items 物品。
11．A.table B．course
C．occasion D．comer
C 解析：根据后面；Memories are always left behind可知，每个场合都会留下东西。occasion偶然，机会，场合。
12．A.funny B．private
C．ordinary D．precious
D 解析：好的记忆对我们是多么宝贵的东西啊。funny滑稽的；private私人的；ordinary普通的；precious宝贵的。
13．A.reminded B．informed
C．warned D．convinced
A 解析：每个留下的物品都使我想起它的主人。reminded提醒；informed通知；warned警告；convinced使……相信。
14．A.promoting B．surrounding
C．acknowledging D．exposing
B 解析：这里指围绕这些物品的故事(即记忆)。surrounding作定语修饰stories。
15．A.proud B．ashamed
C．afraid D．aware
D 解析：有时我们还没有意识到就产生了记忆。be aware of意识到。
16．A.attach importance to B．throw doubt on
C．get hold of D．look back upon
D 解析：一些痛苦的艰难的回忆在回顾的时候是带着笑声和快乐的。attach importance to重视；throw doubt on怀疑；get hold of把握；look back upon回顾。
17．A.besides B．therefore
C．otherwise D．however
D 解析：然而，过去的伤痛、痛苦、愤怒的回忆是应该留下的。besides此外；therefore因此；otherwise否则；however然而。
18．A.partly B．sometimes
C．forever D．unwillingly
C 解析：根据后面These are the things that we should never... until the next time they come可知，这些不好的记忆应该永远留下来。partly部分地；sometimes有时；forever永远；unwillingly不愿意地。
19．A.present B．keep
C．overlook D．experience
B 解析：有些东西我们不该留到下次再次出现。present呈现；keep保持；overlook忽视；experience经历。
20．A.your B．their
C．its D．our
D 解析：或者是我们下次去探望的时候带着。
B卷
阅读理解
A
The word or phrase that you use to open your email account may provide a key to your personality as well as to your correspondence(信件), according to a British psychologist.Helen Petrie, professor of human/computer interaction(交互作用) at City，University in London, analysed the responses of 1，200 Britons who participated in a survey funded(提资金) by CentralNic, an Internet domain name company.The results were recently published on CentralNic’s website.
Petrie identifies three main password “types”．“Family oriented”respondents numbered nearly half of those surveyed.These people use their own name or nickname, the name of a child, partner, or pet or a birth date as their password.They tend to be occasional computer users and have strong family ties.“They choose passwords that symbolize people or events with emotional value，”says Petrie.One third of respondents were “fans”， using the names of athletes, singers, movie stars, fictional characters, or sports teams.Petrie says fans are young and want to attach themselves to the lifestyle represented by a celebrity.Two of the most popular names were Madonna and Homer Simpson.The third main group of participants are“cryptics” because they pick confusing passwords or a random (随机的) string of letters, numbers, and symbols such as “Jxa＋157”．Petrie says cryptics are the most security-conscious group.They tend to make the safest but least interesting choices.
Passwords are revealing for two reasons.First，because they are invented on the spot.“Since you are focused on getting into a system, for example your email account, you’re likely to write down something that comes quickly to mind，”says Petrie.“In this sense passwords take advantage of things that are just below the surface of consciousness.Also，to remember your password, you pick something that will stick in your mind.You may unconsciously choose something of particular emotional importance.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，密码可以揭示人们的个性。
1．How did Petrie draw her conclusions?
A．By observing participants’ reactions.
B．By interviewing 1，200 people.
C．By studying survey results.
D．By doing an experiment.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的analysed the responses of 1，200 Britons who participated in a survey可知，Helen Petrie分析了参与调查的1 200位英国人的答复，得出“密码会揭示人的个性”的结论。
2．What do we know about people whose passwords are “family oriented”？
A．They probably have large families.
B．They are likely to be animal lovers.
C．They tend to be social and emotional.
D．They are probably infrequent computer users.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的They tend to be occasional computer users and have strong family ties.可知，用家庭信息作为密码的人往往不经常用电脑，而且有很强的家庭纽带。
3．What does Petrie say about the “cryptic” group?
A．They have strong safety awareness.
B．They lack imagination and creativity.
C．They change their passwords regularly.
D．They can’t think of an interesting password.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的Petrie says cryptics are the most security-conscious group.They tend to make the safest but least interesting choices.可知，Petrie认为cryptics是最有安全意识的群体。
4．Why can passwords reveal our personalities?
A．We choose words we will easily remember.
B．We are willing to invent something personal.
C．We are likely to value important experiences.
D．We pick up a password after careful consideration.
A 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的to remember your password, you pick something that will stick in your mind可知，在设密码时，我们往往会写下脑子里首先想到的，要记住密码，我们会选那些容易记住的。
B
From self-driving cars to carebots (care＋robots) for elderly people, rapid development in technology has long represented a possible threat to many jobs normally performed by people.But experts now believe that almost 50 percent of occupations existing today will be completely unnecessary by 2025 as artificial intelligence continues to change businesses.
“The next fifteen years will see a revolution in how we work, and a revolution will necessarily take place in how we plan and think about workplaces，”said Peter Andrew, Director of Workplace Strategy for CBRE Asia Pacific.
A growing number of jobs in the future will require creative intelligence, social skills and the ability to use artificial intelligence.
The report is based on interviews with 200 experts, business leaders and young people from Asia Pacific, Europe and North America.It shows that in the US technology already destroys more jobs than it creates.
But the report states：“Losing occupations does not necessarily mean losing jobs—just changing what people do.”Growth in new jobs could occur as much, according to the research.
“The growth of 20 to 40 person companies that have the speed and technological know-how will directly challenge big companies，”it states.
A 2014 report by Pew Research found 52 percent of experts in artificial intelligence and robotics were optimistic about the future and believed there would still be enough jobs in the next few years.The optimists pictured“a future in which robots do not take the place of more jobs than they create，”according to Aaron Smith, the report’s co-author.
“Technology will continue to affect jobs, but more jobs seem likely to be created.Although there have always been unemployed people, when we reached a few billion people there were billions of jobs.There is no shortage of things that need to be done and that will not change，”Microsoft’s Jonathan Grudin told researchers.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了未来社会人工智能的发展。
5．According to the report, ________．
A．people won’t necessarily lose jobs
B．big companies will face fewer challenges
C．small companies will win against big companies
D．most people will become interested in technology
A 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲人工智能的发展会对人们未来生活产生影响，很多职业将会消失，但失去职业并不等于丢掉工作，只是改变了人们做的是什么，人们将会从事更具创造性的工作。故选A项。
6．We can infer from the text that in the future ________．
A．people will face many difficulties
B．people will take up more creative jobs
C．artificial intelligence will threaten people’s lives
D．most jobs will be done in traditional workplaces
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章大意的理解，人们将会从事更具创造性的工作。故选B项。
7. What is the attitude of most experts in artificial intelligence and robotics to the future?
A．Mixed. B．Worried.
C．Hopeful. D．Doubtful.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的The optimists pictured“a future in which robots do not take the place of more jobs than they create，”according to Aaron Smith可知，这些专家们对人工智能的未来充满了希望。故选C项。
8．Jonathan Grudin’s words in the last paragraph suggest that ________．
A．there will be enough jobs for people
B．things will change a lot in a few years
C．many people will become unemployed
D．technology will totally change future jobs
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Technology will continue to affect jobs, but more jobs seem likely to be created.Although there have always been unemployed people, when we reached a few billion people there were billions of jobs.”可知，在未来社会，人们虽然会失业，但却会面临更多的需要创造性的工作。故选A项。
C
Dear Hiring Manager，
I was first impressed with Sharon Westman’s enthusiasm, communication skills and professional manner when I hired her four years ago as a customer service representative within JRW Inc.’s call center. During the two years Sharon reported to me (I have since moved on to a different department), she always showed all of these qualities and more, and I heartily support her for any customer service position.
Sharon is always reliable and optimistic. Her ability to calm angry or frustrated customers is unparalleled(无与伦比的), which is worth learning and I repeatedly asked her to train new employees in the call center. Sharon is also able to handle several tasks at the same time. She often met or even did better than all weekly call center standards, and her daily written reports were accurate.
Of particular value to me as a former call center manager was Sharon’s team player mindset(心态). I regularly received praise from colleagues and customers speaking highly of Sharon’s outstanding level of service, and professionalism.
Organized and diligent, Sharon quickly learned technology systems and software that were unfamiliar to her when she first started with JRW; she also attended optional professional-development classes offered through the company. She is studying for a degree in business through evening classes at ABC Community College.
Sharon is a hardworking, top-performing customer service professional. She has my highest recommendation(推荐), and I am happy to give more details if you would like additional information.
Sincerely，
Carla Pederson
Field Service Manager
JRW Inc.
【解题导语】 本文是一封推荐信，作者在信中列举了他的一位前员工的各种优秀之处。
9．Why was Sharon asked to train new employees?
A．She loved repeated work.
B．She had an interest in training.
C．New employees loved her very much.
D．Her communication skills were useful for them.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Her ability... which is worth learning and I repeatedly asked her to train new employees in the call center.可知，作者觉得Sharon擅长和顾客沟通这一点值得学习，所以让她训练新员工。
10．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．Sharon wants to start a new company.
B．Sharon always tries to improve herself.
C．Sharon left JRW to attend business classes.
D．Sharon was responsible for technology systems.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Sharon掌握了技术系统，选修个人发展课程，还在修读商科，表明她一直在提升自己。
11．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this letter?
A．To praise Sharon for her good qualities.
B．To thank Sharon for what she has done.
C．To recommend Sharon for a new job.
D．To recall one of his former employees.
C 解析：写作意图题。根据文章最后一句She has my highest recommendation(推荐), and I am happy to give more details if you would like additional information.可知，本文是作者为Sharon的新工作写的推荐信。
语法填空
“Remember, your father is only one year 1.____________(old) than you.” That was Mum’s usual excuse when Dad said the wrong things or did something 2.____________(fool)．
Dad quitted drinking exactly one year before I was born.He joined a group of other people.He said they 3.____________(stop) drinking, too.I loved my dad 4.____________ I hated the way his weekly meetings took him away 5.____________ me.It seemed that they were more important to him than I was.But with my birthday coming up I thought Dad would make an 6.____________(except)．“Can’t you miss it just this time? Saturday is my birthday! ” I begged him but 7.____________(refuse)．He said “I am chairing the meeting this Saturday.We will have your party on Sunday.”
Saturday evening I sat on my bed, 8.____________(feel) sorry for myself.Dad started to leave, then paused and said, “Why not come with me together tonight? It’s an open meeting.All are welcome.”9.____________ would I do at a meeting? But maybe I needed to see why something Dad did every week mattered so much.
After we arrived, Dad announced that the theme of the meeting was going to be gratitude.He told his story about giving up smoking.Later, a man 10.____________(call) Dave also told his story.Only then did I know it was Dad that saved his life from drinking.Showing up week after week and meeting with people, Dad was changing lives.Shame washed over me.
1．older 解析： 句中出现than, 用比较级。
2．foolish 解析：形容词修饰不定代词something, 意为“一些愚蠢的事”。
3．had stopped 解析： 戒酒的事情在爸爸说话前已经发生， 故用过去完成时。
4．but 解析： 前半句说爱爸爸， 后半句又说讨厌， 前后句意转折， 用but。
5．from 解析： take sb.away from sb.把某人带走； 让某人远离。
6．exception 解析：不定冠词an后用名词， exception 例外。
7．was refused 解析： 我祈求他但是被他拒绝了， 前后时态一致， 都用过去时， 这里表被动， 故用一般过去时的被动语态。
8．feeling 解析： feel的逻辑主语是I, 这里用动词的现在分词形式表伴随。
9．What 解析： do缺少宾语， 此处意为“我在会上干什么呢？”， 故用What。
10．called 解析： 过去分词作后置定语， 相当于定语从句that/who was called。意为 “一个叫Dave的人”。
书面表达
由于某种原因， 李明昨晚未能按时到纽约剧院见黄涛。 现以李明的身份向黄涛写一封道歉信。 信中包括以下内容：
1．昨天未能准时到剧院的原因——妈妈迟归， 要照顾弟弟；
2．晚8点才赶到剧院， 迟到了45分钟。 李明以为黄涛已经走了， 没有见到他；
3．提出解决办法。
注意： 1.内容应包括以上要点， 可以适当发挥， 增加细节， 以使文章连贯；
2．词数100左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Huang Tao,
I am very sorry for failing to meet you last night.I hope you did not wait too long outside.I had to look after my small brother until my mother returned home.She arrived home much later than usual and I couldn’t catch the last bus.So I decided to get on a train and I arrived at the New York Theatre at eight o’clock.I didn’t think that you would still be there because it was three quarters of an hour late.I do hope that you will forgive me.
Anyway, how about next Friday?
Love,
Li Ming
重点单词
1. ensure vt. 保证， 担保， 确保
【构词】 前缀en-加在名词或形容词前构成动词 常见词： encourage鼓励 endanger危害 enable使能够 enrich充实 enlarge扩大
2. congratulate vt. 向(某人)道贺， 祝贺
(1)congratulate sb.on sth./doing sth.
就……向某人祝贺
congratulate oneself on (doing) sth.
感到自豪； 暗自庆幸；
为自己高兴
(2)congratulation n． 祝贺； 贺词
congratulations to sb.on sth.
祝贺某人某事
3. permit vt.& vi. 允许， 准许
n. 许可证
(1)permit sb.to__do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
(2)a driver’s/driving permit
驾驶执照
(3)permission n． [U] 允许； 许可
with/without one’s permission
获得某人同意/未经某人允许
ask for permission 请求允许
4. throughout prep.& adv. 自始至终； 贯穿整个时期；
各处， 遍及
5. adjust vi.&vt. 适应， 习惯； 调整， 调节
(1)adjust (oneself) to 使(自己)适应于……
(2)adjustment n. 调整； 调节
make an adjustment 作出调整
(3)adjustable adj. 可调整的； 可调节的
6. accustomed adj. 习惯于； 惯常的
7. familiar adj. 通晓； 熟悉
be/get familiar with 熟悉……； 与……熟悉起来
(其主语通常是指人)
be familiar to 为……所熟悉(其主语通常是
人们所通晓的事物或人)
8. expectation n. 期望， 盼望
expect v. 预料； 期待； 期望； 认为
9. slight adj. 轻微的
10. minority n. 少数民族； 少数， 少数人
11．account n. 描述， 叙述
vi. 解释； 说明
(1)account for 解释； 说明； 占……(比例)
(2)on account of 由于； 因为
on no account 决不(置于句首时， 句子用部分
倒装)
take...into account 把……考虑进去
12. retell vt. 复述， 转述
13. greeting n. 问候； 问候语
greet vt. 和某人打招呼(或问好)
14. offence n. 冒犯； 侮辱
offend v. 冒犯； 使生气
15. celebration n. 庆典； 庆祝活动
celebrate v. 庆祝
16. bravery n. 勇敢
brave adj. 勇敢的
17. govern vt. 统治； 控制， 支配
government n. 政府
18. musical adj. 音乐的
n. 音乐剧
music n. 音乐
musician n. 音乐家
重点短语
1. be__supposed__to__do... 理应做……
2. adjust__to__doing... 适应做……
3. be__accustomed__to... 习惯于……
4. be__familiar__with... 对……熟悉
5. after__all 毕竟， 终究， 到底
6. let__alone 更不用说
7. take__up 占据(时间或空间)
8. hunt__for 猎取
9. believe__in 信赖， 信任
10. have__the__chance__to__do... 有机会做……
11. be__made__from... 由……制成
12. belong__to 属于
重点句型
1．before引导时间状语从句
...you would have to take off your shoes before going into someone’s house.
【仿写】 他们航行了三天三夜才看见陆地。
They had sailed for three days and three nights before__they__saw the land.
2．have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.
【仿写】 我很难让他明白我所说的话。
I had trouble making__him__understand what I said.
3．with复合结构
In Thailand and other parts of South-East Asia, the normal greeting is a slight bow with the hands pressed together.
【仿写】 自行车被偷， 她只好步行回家。
She had to walk home with__her__bike__stolen．
4．dislike it when...不喜欢……
They dislike it when people do not look at the cards, so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.
【仿写】 我不爱听你在公共场合吹口哨。
I dislike__it__when you whistle in public.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文， 并背诵成文。
1．正如谚语所说： 入乡随俗。
2．出国时， 一定要熟悉当地文化。(be familiar with)
3．或许他们打招呼的方式是拥抱而不是握手。 (greet; hug)
4．尤其是你参加一些庆祝仪式时， 即使你觉得一些风俗很奇怪， 但牢记你认为正常的事情在别人看来可能一样奇怪。 (celebration)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
As the saying goes, when in Rome, do as the Romans do.When you go abroad, you must be familiar with their culture.Perhaps they greet you by hugging instead of shaking hands.Especially when you attend some celebrations, even if some customs might seem strange to you, remember that what you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others.
课件18张PPT。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
