大家对“克隆”这个名词已经不陌生了，可是人们为什么要克隆呢？克隆出另外一个自己，为你做作业，而你去和朋友打球或玩游戏吗？那就读一读下面这篇文章吧！
Research advances over the past decade have told us that，with a little work，we humans can clone just about anything we want，from frogs to monkeys and probably even ourselves!
So，we can clone things，but why? Let’s look at some of the reasons.
Of all the reasons，cloning for medical purposes is the most potential to benefit large numbers of people.Much of what researchers learn about human disease comes from studying animal models such as mice.Often，animal models are genetically engineered to carry disease-causing mutations(变异) in their genes.Creating these transgenic (转基因的) animals is a process that requires trial-and-error and several generations of breeding.Cloning technologies might reduce the time needed to make a transgenic animal model.
Stem cells are responsible for developing，maintaining and repairing the body throughout life.Researchers are currently looking up cloning as a way to create genetically defined human stem cells for research and medical purposes.
Have you seen Jurassic Park? In this feature film，scientists use DNA preserved for tens of millions of years to clone dinosaurs.Could we really clone dinosaurs?
In theory? Yes.A well-preserved source of DNA from the extinct dinosaur，and a closely related species，currently living，could serve as a surrogate(替代的) mother.
In reality? Probably not.It’s not likely that dinosaur DNA could survive undamaged for such a long time.However，scientists have tried to clone species that became extinct more recently，using DNA from well-preserved tissue samples.
No joke! If you really wanted to，and if you had enough money，you could clone your beloved family cat.At least one biotechnology company in the United States offers cat cloning services and they are now working to clone dogs.
Cloning Humans? To clone or not to clone: that is the question.The view of cloning humans is highly controversial and raises a number of ethical(伦理的)，legal and social challenges that need to be considered.
Why would anyone want to clone humans? They want to help childless couples have children or to replace a dead child.
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
1．clone vt. 克隆
n. 克隆出来的动物或植物
2．consequence n. 结果，后果
3．harvest vt.&vi. 收割(庄稼)
n. 收获；收成
4．concept n. 概念；观念
5．fellow n. 男子，家伙；同事，同类
6．exact adj. 精确的，准确的→exactly adv.精确地；确切地；完全地
7．intention n. 意图，目的；企图→intentionally adv.有意地；故意地
8．anxiety n. 忧虑，焦虑，不安→anxious adj. 渴望的；忧虑的→anxiously adv.焦急地；担心地
9．adopt vt. 收养，领养；采用，采纳→adoption n．采用；收养 →adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的
10．legal adj. 合法的，法律许可的→legally adv.合法地；法律上地→ illegal adj.非法的
11．transform vt. 使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态→transformation n．转型；转化；改造
12．crime n. 罪，罪行→criminal n．罪犯adj.犯罪的
1．on_the_one_hand...on_the_other_hand
一方面……另一方面……
2．point_out 指出，强调
3．toy_with 戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏
4. on_one’s_way_to_doing_sth. 在途中，接近，即将发生
5．in_general 一般而言，总的来说
6．with_the_intention_of 怀着……的意图
7．push_ahead_with 努力推进，义无反顾地进行
8．for_sale 供出售，待销售
9．be_in_agreement_with 与……一致；同意
10．on_a_personal_note 就个人而言
1．与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
‘...if I had the chance，I would_have a cloned baby right now.’
“……如果我有这个机会，我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。”
2．while引导让步状语从句
While_cloning_human_embryos is not legal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.
尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家是非法的，但一些科学家已经在加紧研究，以制造出一个克隆的人类婴儿。
3．序数词＋(名词＋)不定式短语作定语
Severino Antinori，an Italian physician，has declared that he wants to be the_first_to_clone_a human being.
一位名叫塞韦里诺·安蒂诺里的意大利内科医生宣称他想成为第一个克隆人类的人。
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The passage is mainly about________．
A．what cloning is
B．the advantage of cloning
C．arguments about cloning human embryos
D．the disadvantage of cloning
2．We can learn from the two letters________．
A．both of the writers are pro-cloning
B．both of the writers are anti-cloning
C．neither of the writers are against cloning
D．both of the writers are not for cloning human embryos
3．The announcement of successful human embryo cloning has caused much debate because________．
A．people still have no clear idea about the results of human cloning
B．valuable tissues and organs can be used to save humans
C．mankind is going to produce terrible monsters
D．people know that nature will punish mankind for human cloning
4．The success of the cloned sheep Dolly has proved that________．
A．cloning will create more diseases in animal world
B．cloned animals will die at a much younger age than normal
C．man has been able to produce an exact copy from an adult cell
D．man can interfere with nature at his will
答案：1－4.CDAC
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety, it is good news for Faye Wilson, a 41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby.
Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety是________状语从句；a 41-year-old saleswoman 是Faye Wilson的________语；who cannot have a baby是定语从句，修饰先行词saleswoman。
[尝试翻译] 尽管克隆人类________________，但是这对于________________________费伊·威尔逊来说却是个好消息。
答案：让步；同位；引起了很多担忧；不能生育的41岁的女售货员
2．I feel sorry for the lady who cannot have a baby, but I would like to point out that there are many children in the world with no parents who would be delighted to have a mother.
本句是一个并列复合句。but连接I feel sorry for the lady...和I would like to point out...两个句子；其中who cannot have a baby是________从句，修饰先行词the lady; that there are many children in the world with no parents 是一个that引导的宾语从句，在句子中作point out的宾语；who would be delighted to have a mother是who引导的________从句。
[尝试翻译] 我为那位不能生育的女士感到难过，但是我要指出的是________________________，如果能有一位妈妈，________________________。
答案：定语；定语；世界上有许多没有父母的孩子；他们一定会非常高兴的
The perfect copy
Scientists have announced① that they have cloned② the first human embryo③.This has caused much debate round the world.On the one hand④， some scientists point out⑤ that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable human tissues⑥ —such as bone or lung tissue—that could be used to save⑦ human lives.On the other hand⑧， many people，including some scientists⑨， disagree and are afraid that, if mankind toys with⑩ nature in this way?， we may be on our way to producing? a real-life? Frankenstein’s monster?.
Cloning is producing an exact? copy of a plant or an animal using its cells?.The first mammal? to be cloned? successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep?.She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age than normal?.When she was born, many people were worried that cloning would lead toB21 more diseases in the animal world.However, in generalB22 the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific advance.
①announce vt.宣布，宣告，通知
②clone[kl??n]vt.克隆n.克隆出来的动物或植物
③embryo['embrI??]n.胚胎
④on the one hand一方面
⑤point out指出
⑥tissue['tI?u?]n.(生物的)组织；纸巾
⑦be used to do...被用来做……
⑧on the other hand另一方面
⑨介词短语including some scientists＝some scientists included。
⑩toy with戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏
?in this way用这种方式
?on one’s/the way to doing sth.中to为介词。
?real-life[?ri??l'laIf] adj.真实的，现实生活中的
?monster['m?nst?(r)] n．怪物
?exact[Iɡ'z?kt] adj.精确的，准确的
?cell [sel] n．细胞；小隔间；电池
?mammal ['m?ml] n．哺乳动物
?the first＋n.＋to do...表示“第一个/批做……的人/物”，不定式作后置定语。
?the sheep作Dolly的同位语。
?normal n．&adj.正常(的)，常规(的)；标准(的)
lead to导致
in general一般来说，总体而言
完美的复制
科学家们宣布他们已经克隆出第一个人类胚胎。这已经引起了世界范围内的很多争论。一方面，一些科学家指出，如果克隆人类胚胎，人们就可以制造出宝贵的人体组织——如骨组织或肺组织——它们可以用来拯救人类的生命。另一方面，包括一些科学家在内的许多人则持不同意见，他们担心人类如果用这种方式戏弄自然，我们可能将制造出一个现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦怪物。
克隆是用某种植物或动物的细胞制造出一模一样的植物或动物。第一只成功利用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。她于1996年被克隆出来，2003年初死亡，寿命要比普通的羊短很多。当她被克隆出来的时候，许多人担心克隆会导致动物世界中更多的疾病。然而，总体来说，这些科学家还是因为其杰出的科学进展而得到了人们的称赞。
Ian Wilmut, the ScottishB23 scientist who created DollyB24, is shocked that some scientists are now considering cloning human beings.Although he researches cloningB25, his intentionB26 has never been to create copies of humans.InsteadB27, he thinks research efforts should concentrate onB28 creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancerB29.However, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention ofB30 destroying them shows no respect forB31 human life.
Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxietyB32, it is good news for Faye Wilson, a 41-year-old saleswomanB33 who cannot have a babyB34.‘I am anxiousB35 to have a child of my ownB36，’ she says.‘I don’t want to adoptB37 someone else’s child—if I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby right nowB38.’
Scottish['sk?tI?]adj.苏格兰的 Scot n．苏格兰人
Scotland n．苏格兰
who引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientist。
although引导让步状语从句。
intention[In'ten?n] n．意图，目的；企图
instead adv.代替，反而 instead of代替
concentrate on集中(注意力等)在……上
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词new tissues and organs。
with the intention of带着……的意图；目的是……
show no respect for对……不尊重
anxiety[??'zaI?tI]n.忧虑，焦虑，不安
saleswoman['seIlzw?m?n] n．女售货员，女推销员
even though引导让步状语从句；who引导定语从句。
anxious adj.渴望的，急切的
be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事
of one’s own属于某人自己的
adopt[?'d?pt]vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳
if引导非真实虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的情况。
克隆出多利的苏格兰科学家伊恩·威尔莫特对于有些科学家现在正在考虑克隆人类感到非常震惊。尽管他研究克隆技术，但是他的目的从来就不是制造人类的复制品。相反，他认为克隆研究应该注重创造用于疾病治疗的新组织和器官，这些新组织和器官能被用来治疗像癌症那样的疾病。但是，有些人认为怀着摧毁人类胚胎的意图来克隆人类胚胎是对人类生命的不尊重。
尽管克隆人类引起了很多担忧，但是这对于不能生育的41岁的女售货员弗伊·威尔逊来说却是个好消息。“我渴望有一个我自己的孩子，”她说，“我不想领养别人的孩子——如果我有这个机会，我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。”
WhileB39 cloning human embryos is not legalB40 in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead withB41 research in order to produce a cloned human babyB42.Severino Antinori, an ItalianB43 physicianB44, has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.
In China, scientists have focused their efforts onB45 cloning animals, as well asB46 cloned tissues to be used in medical treatment.China has succeededB47 in producing clones of cows and goatsB48, and continues to research ways in which cloning can benefitB49 mankindB50.
while conj.尽管
legal['li?ɡl] adj.法律许可的，合法的
illegal adj.非法的(＝unlawful)
push ahead with义无反顾地进行，努力推进
in order to...baby作目的状语。
Italian[I't?lI?n] adj.意大利的 n．意大利人；意大利语
physician[fI'zI?n] n．医师；内科医生
focus...on...集中……于……
as well as也，又，和……一样
succeed vi.成功 succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事
goat [ɡ??t] n．山羊
benefit vt.有利于，使……受益 vi.得益 n．利益，福利，好处
in which引导定语从句，修饰ways, in which可换成that或省略不用。
尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家是非法的，但是一些科学家已经在加紧研究，以制造出一个克隆的人类婴儿。一位名叫塞韦里诺·安蒂诺里的意大利内科医生宣称他想成为第一个克隆人类的人。
在中国，科学家们把精力集中在研究克隆动物上，以及用于医疗的克隆组织上。中国已经成功克隆出牛和山羊，并将继续研究克隆能够造福人类的方式。
Dear Editor
I believe that human cloning is wrong.If we toy with nature, we will have to deal withB51 the consequencesB52.Who knows what could happen？Human life would just become a crop to be harvestedB53 or a product for saleB54.
The human race is using upB55 the Earth’s natural wealthB56.We should be having fewer babies in order to reduce the Earth’s population, not cloning more.
I feel sorry forB57 the lady who cannot have a babyB58, but I would like to pointB59 out that there are many children in the world with no parents who would be delighted toB60 have a motherB61.
Pauline Carter
deal with处理
consequence['k?nsIkw?ns] n．结果，后果
harvest['ha?vIst]vt.&vi.收割(庄稼) n．收获；收成
for sale供出售，待销售
use up用完，耗尽
natural wealth自然资源
feel sorry for对……感到遗憾
who引导定语从句，修饰先行词lady。
would like to do sth.想要做某事
be delighted to do sth.很愿意做某事；因做某事而感到高兴
that引导宾语从句，作point out的宾语；其中who引导定语从句，修饰children。
亲爱的编辑：
我认为克隆人类是错误的。如果我们戏弄自然，我们将不得不处理其后果。谁知道会发生什么呢？人类生命将变得像可以收割的庄稼或可供买卖的产品一样。
人类正在耗尽地球的自然资源。为了减少地球的人口数量，我们应该少生孩子，而不是克隆出更多的人。
我为那位不能生育的女士感到难过，但是我要指出的是世界上有许多没有父母的孩子，如果能有一位妈妈，他们一定会非常高兴的。
波琳·卡特
Dear Editor
I would like to commentB62 on your article，‘The perfect copy’．I think the scientific advances mentionedB63 in your articleB64 are fantasticB65！I am in complete agreement withB66 human cloning.After allB67, scientists have been challengingB68 moralB69 ideas for centuries.Why should we stop them now?
On a personal noteB70, cloning would totallyB71 transformB72 my life.Seven years ago, my 10-year-old daughter died ofB73 heart failure.She was beautiful, cheerful and bright.I miss her every single day.If I had the chance, I would clone her immediatelyB74 so that I could be with her againB75.
Colin Jake
comment vi.评论，点评，发表观点，发表意见
comment on评论……
mention vt.&n.提及，说起
mentioned in your article是过去分词短语作定语，表被动。
fantastic adj.极好的，吸引人的，神奇的
in agreement with同意；赞成
after all毕竟，终究
challenge vt.向……挑战
moral adj.道德上的，有道德的 moral ideas道德观念
on a personal note就我个人而言
totally adv.完全地，彻底地
transform[tr?ns'f??m] vt.使改变外观或性质
die of死于(内因) die from死于(外因)
if引导虚拟条件句，表示与现在事实相反的情况。
so that在此处引导结果状语从句。
亲爱的编辑：
我想谈谈我对你的《完美的复制》一文的看法。我认为你的文章中提到的科技进步是了不起的！我完全赞同克隆人类。毕竟，几个世纪以来，科学家们一直在挑战道德观念。为什么我们现在要阻止他们呢？
就我个人而言，克隆将彻底改变我的生活。7年前，我10岁的女儿死于心脏衰竭。她漂亮、快乐而且聪明。我每一天都在思念她。如果我有机会，我会立即克隆她，那样我就又可以和她在一起了。
科林·杰克
A卷
阅读理解
A
A new report from the International Bar Association(IBA) suggests machines will most likely replace humans in a growing number of occupations. One of the authors of the report, Gerlind Wisskirchen, believes that governments need to introduce human quotas(配额) in some sectors in order to protect jobs.
The report suggests that the jobs at risk are common ones, such as accountants and lawyers. Financial services are more at risk than legal roles though, as algorithms(计算程序) are easier for a computer to solve when compared to keeping client relationships and making new laws. Simple physical work is also in the firing line, the authors mention.
As the world population heads towards 7 to 10 billion, futurist Morris Miselowski says, “I’m not sure that this nine-to-five, Monday to Friday work as we understand it, will continue for many of us for the next couple of decades.” He forecasts that the biggest changes will be a shift(转变) away from the traditional work schedule.
“Artificial Intelligence(AI) ... and all sorts of new technologies are just about to happen；all of that’s going to change where, how and when we do work.”
Ms. Wisskirchen was surprised by how far-reaching the effects of automation(自动化) are.
“Even though automation began 30 years ago in the blue-collar sector, the new development of artificial intelligence and robotics affects not just the blue-collar sector, but the white-collar sector，” said Ms. Wisskirchen.
Toby Walsh, professor of Artificial Intelligence at UNSW, said there was a silver lining when it came to technology and the future of jobs.
“It’s always good to remember that although technology will take jobs away as they raise in this report, there will also be new jobs created by technology，” he said. “In fact if we look at the history of technology since the Industrial Revolution, more jobs have been created than destroyed.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一份来自国际律师协会的最新报告探讨了科技对未来人类工作的影响。
1．What message does the new report from the IBA send?
A．More jobs will be offered to humans.
B．Someday humans won’t need to work.
C．More jobs will be created because of AI.
D．Someday robots will take over your job.
D 解析：推理判断题。由首段的“machines will most likely replace humans in a growing number of occupations”和第二段的“the jobs at risk are common ones, such as accountants and lawyers”可知，来自国际律师协会的这份报告传达的信息是某一天机器人可能会取代人类的工作。
2．According to Morris Miselowski, what will happen in the future?
A．AI will make humans’ life easier.
B．Physical work will disappear from sight.
C．The traditional work hours will be changed.
D．Automation will have little effect on lawyers.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段的“the biggest changes will be a shift(转变) away from the traditional work schedule”可知，由于人工智能和各种新科技的到来，Morris预测今后传统的工作时间会发生巨大变化。
3．Who is optimistic about the future of jobs?
A．The author. B．Toby Walsh.
C．Morris Miselowski. D．Gerlind Wisskirchen.
B 解析：推理判断题。本文探讨的是科技对未来人类工作的影响，由最后一段Toby Walsh说的话“In fact if... than destroyed.”可知，他对未来的工作表示乐观。
B
Lise Meitner was born in Vienna, Austria on November 7, 1878.She was the third child of eight children in the family.Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well.Music was
important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano.The Meitner children were taught to listen to their parents, but to think for themselves.
When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.But, inspired by the discovery of Henri Becquerel, she was determined to study radioactivity(放射性)．
When she turned 21, women were finally allowed into Austrian universities.Meitner was admitted into the University of Vienna; there she was excellent at math and physics and earned her doctor’s degree in 1906.She wrote to Marie Curie, but there was no room for her in the Paris lab, so Meitner made her way to Berlin.There she worked with Otto Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.
In 1912, the pair moved to a new university and Meitner had better lab equipment.Though Meitner was forced to escape Nazi Germany in 1938, they continued to co-work.Meitner continued her work in Sweden and later they found the phenomenon “nuclear fission(核裂变)”．The discovery, which finally led to the atomic bomb, won Hahn the Nobel Prize in 1944.Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.
【解题导语】 Lise Meitner是一位奥地利女科学家，文章介绍了她对核物理学的贡献。
4．What can we learn about Lise Meitner’s childhood?
A．She received a good education.
B．She often went against her parents.
C．She showed a great talent for music.
D．She lived a hard life with her family.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well.Music was important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano.”可知，Lise Meitner小时候接受了良好的教育。
5．Why didn’t Lise Meitner go to college after finishing high school?
A．She wasn’t interested in college.
B．Girls in her country were not allowed.
C．Her family couldn’t afford the school fees.
D．She wanted to study radioactivity by herself.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.”及第三段第一句可知，Lise Meitner高中毕业后没能上大学是因为当时在奥地利女孩子不允许上大学。
6．What did Lise Meitner probably realize when working in Berlin?
A．She was unfairly treated there.
B．She made the wrong college choice.
C．She should have kept her identity a secret.
D．She should find a better partner than Otto Hahn.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.”可知，由于身份的缘故，她被不公平地对待。
7．What was most probably Lise Meitner’s attitude toward the Nobel committee?
A．Indifferent. B．Unclear.
C．Angry. D．Supportive.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.”可推断，Meitner对诺贝尔奖委员会对自己的忽视感到非常气愤。
C
Have you had this experience? You are watching a movie.A man is shooting on the screen.The picture is so real that you think he is shooting at you.Or a car is speeding on the screen and at one point you are afraid that it will hit you.
Three-dimensional(3D) movies use special technology to make pictures seem more real and exciting than two-dimensional ones.The popular movie Avatar uses 3D technology.
So far we can only see 3D movies in the cinema with a special screen and projector(放映机)．But soon, we will be able to watch them in our living rooms.Last month, Woods Company told reporters that it plans to bring 3D televisions to homes in the near future.The company is also hoping to make other products with 3D, like laptops and PS3(索尼的家用游戏机)．
“The_3D_train_is_on_the_track,_and_we_are_ready_to_drive_it_home，”said the President.3D movies and TV programs are fun to watch, but do you know how they are made? It is much easier to understand if we do an experiment.
Hold one of your fingers up at arms length and close one eye.Then try closing the other eye.As you switch between open eyes, you should see your finger “jumping” left and right against the background.
This happens because our two eyes are about 4cm away from each other.The separation causes each eye to see the world from a different angle.The brain puts these two views together.What you see becomes three-dimensional.
3D movies are made using two video cameras at the same time, which creates two different images.When the movie plays in a cinema, two projectors put the two images on the screen.With a pair of 3D glasses, the two images are separated and each image only enters one eye.Your brain puts the two pictures back together, and the pictures on the screen become three-dimensional.
【解题导语】 这篇短文主要介绍了3D技术的工作原理。
8．What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．They’ve got a train to take 3D movies back home.
B．They are not sure about the future of 3D movies.
C．They are ready to bring 3D technology to home.
D．They have no more work to do on 3D technology.
C 解析：句意理解题。这句话的字面含义是“3D这辆火车已经在轨道上了，我们正准备把它开回家。”联系上一段中的“Last month, Woods Company told reporters that it plans to bring 3D televisions to homes in the near future.”可知此处指的是他们已经准备将3D技术带入个人家庭。故选C。
9．From the passage, we know that 3D technology ________．
A．creates two different images separately
B．works in the similar way of eyes seeing things
C．uses special video cameras and screens
D．can be very easy to experiment with
B 解析：细节理解题。根据短文后两段描述可知3D技术和眼睛的工作原理相似。故选B。
10．The passage is mainly about ________．
A．what 3D technology needs
B．what 3D movies are
C．how 3D movies develop
D．how 3D technology works
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据短文后三段描述可知这篇短文主要讲述了3D技术的工作原理。故选D。
11．In which page of a newspaper can you most probably read this passage?
A．Science. B．Advertisement.
C．News. D．Fiction.
A 解析：文章出处题。这篇短文主要讲述的是3D技术，故我们应该在科学板块看到这一内容。故选A。
七选五
For our brains, being in the Internet Age is like being a five-year-old in a candy store.But while five-year-olds in candy stores have tons of fun, they aren’t known for achieving great things.Sometimes, your brain just needs to accept it and can’t always get what it wants. 1.________Here are some ways to improve productivity.
2．________Breaks are important.But unscheduled Internet breaks can keep you from ever getting into the “flow” of work.For those of us who don’t trust our own willpower in the face of that shiny browser(浏览器) icon, you can get Internet-blocking software like Freedom that actually prevents your computer from surfing the Internet for set periods of time.
Quit tapping(轻叩) on that phone.We know smartphones are great when you have to wait in line for more than five seconds.But phone tapping during work periods often just means about a hundred unearned breaks.Of course, some jobs require constant access to your phone.But most of the time, you’d be better off accepting that nothing bad will happen if you disconnect for a few hours. 3.________
Make a list and go through it carefully.The list is one of the simplest and most ignored relics of the pen and paper age. 4.________There’s nothing more satisfying than completing something with patience.
Turn on some music without words.5.________ But the mistake people sometimes make is to listen to music with lyrics.Music with lyrics can be distracting(分心的) if you’re trying to work or read.
A．Get off the Internet.
B．Always know your weakness.
C．Your brain needs structure and focus.
D．Remember to just work on one problem at a time.
E．Don’t let your brain go to play until your tasks are done.
F．The pleasant melody will help you feel relaxed to work.
G．Just put your phone in a different room—out of sight and out of mind.
答案：1－5.CAGEF
B卷
阅读理解
How come we think dogs are so smart? A dog might be clever enough to fetch his lead when he wants to go out.But he might also spend a whole hour running after his own tail.How can you measure an animal’s brain power?
The hardest part is coming up with the right test.The test has to be something the dog can learn to do: select a block by pushing it with a nose, for example.The test also has to be something the dog wants to do: a dog might stare at that block until he figures out there’s a hidden treat.
Researchers use treats to give dogs IQ tests.The dog is presented with a plate with a blue block on it; underneath the block is a treat.The animal moves the block and gets the treat.Now the test gets tricky.The dog is presented with the same plate, but this time it has a blue block and a yellow coffee can lid(盖子)on it; the treat is under the yellow lid.The test: how long does it take the dog to learn that the treat is always under the new object on the plate？The smarter the dog, the quicker he’ll find the treat.
That seems simple enough, but things become more complicated (复杂的) when you try to compare different kinds of animals.Monkeys_wipe_the_floor_with_dogs on this test.Dogs may have to try hundreds of times before they select the yellow lid.Monkeys learn much more quickly to find the hidden treat.Does that mean monkeys are smarter than dogs?
Not necessarily.The test was originally designed for monkeys, and it gives them an unfair advantage: by nature monkeys are curious and like to check out new things.Dogs tend to be cautious about approaching new things.
Even if you could find a test that was perfectly fair to all animals, it’s silly to ask whether one kind of animal is smarter than another.All animals have the ability to learn things that are important to them.Otherwise they wouldn’t survive.A chicken can figure out where to get food or how to run from a predator(食肉动物)．So a chicken is as smart as it needs to be.
1．What is a requirement for a test of animal intelligence?
A．The test must include a block like object.
B．The test must compare two different animals.
C．The test must be given when the animal is in training.
D．The test must be something that can be taught to an animal.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段的描述可知， 测试必须是动物能学会而且想做的事情。
2．What does the underlined part “Monkeys wipe the floor with dogs” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Monkeys are cleaner than dogs.
B．Monkeys perform better than dogs.
C．Monkeys have learnt to clean floors.
D．Monkeys like to compete with dogs.
B 解析：句意理解题。由划线部分下文中的Dogs may have to try hundreds of times...more quickly to find the hidden treat.可知，猴子比狗更快找到食物， 由此可以推断，“Monkeys wipe the floor with dogs”意为“猴子比狗表现得好”。
3．According to Paragraph 5, how are monkeys and dogs different?
A．Monkeys learn quickly but dogs learn slowly.
B．Monkeys like taking tests but dogs dislike them.
C．Monkeys do not like working with humans, but dogs do.
D．Monkeys explore new things but dogs shy away from them.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第五段中的monkeys are curious...be cautious about approaching new things可知， 猴子对新事物充满好奇， 而狗对新事物总会小心翼翼。
4．According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．The smartest animals make the best pets.
B．Most animals are as smart as they need to be.
C．Animals can do what humans want them to do.
D．Bigger animals are smarter than smaller animals.
B 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的All animals have the ability to learn things that are important to them.Otherwise they wouldn’t survive.可知， B项正确。
完形填空
It was only in the eighteenth century that people in Europe began to think mountains were beautiful.__1__that time，mountains were__2__by the people living on the plain，__3__by the city people, to whom they were wild and__4__places in which one was easily__5__or killed by terrible animals.
Slowly, however, many of the people who were living__6__in the towns began to grow tired of__7__. They began to feel interested in looking for things which could not be explained, for sights and sounds which produce a feeling of fear and excitement.__8__， in the __9__century, people began to turn away from the man?made__10__to the untouched country，and particularly__11__places where it was dangerous and wild. High mountains began to be __12__ for a holiday.
Then, mountain climbing began to grow popular as a sport. To some people, there is something greatly__13__about getting to the__14__of a high mountain：a struggle against nature is finer than a battle__15__other human beings. And then, when you are at the mountain top after a long and difficult__16__， what a__17__reward it is to be able to look__18__on everything within__19__！At such time，you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel __20__．
【解题导语】 本文介绍了爬山运动的历史，同时介绍了此项运动的魅力。
1．A.After B．In
C．At D．Before
D 解析：根据前文可知在18世纪欧洲人才开始认为山是美丽的，由此可推断出在此之前，人们认为山是危险的，故D项正确。
2．A.loved B．liked
C．feared D．observed
C 解析：根据下文的“they were wild”和“killed by terrible animals”可知人们畏惧山。fear“害怕，畏惧”，符合语境。love“爱”；like“喜欢”；observe“观察”。
3．A.however B．further
C．sometimes D．especially
D 解析：生活在平原上的人害怕大山，尤其是城市里的人。especially“尤其”，符合语境。
4．A.exciting B．interesting
C．dangerous D．alone
C 解析：根据下文的“killed by terrible animals”可知对于他们来说山是危险的地方。dangerous“危险的”，符合语境。exciting“令人兴奋的”；interesting“有趣的”；alone“单独的”。
5．A.broken down B．lost
C．discovered D．caught
B 解析：人们在山里容易迷路。be lost“迷路”，符合语境。break down“垮掉”；discover“发现”；catch“捉住”。
6．A.unhappily B．lonely
C．comfortably D．easily
A 解析：慢慢地，许多在城镇中生活得不幸福的人们开始厌恶城镇了。unhappily“不快乐地”，符合语境。lonely“孤单的”；comfortably“舒服地”；easily“容易地”。
7．A.them B．it
C．themselves D．that
A 解析：代词作宾语，且指代前文的“towns”，故应用them。
8．A.Yet B．So
C．However D．But
B 解析：上下文之间有因果关系，故用表示结果的并列连词so。yet“然而，但是”；however“然而，可是”；but“但是”。
9．A.last B．recent
C．eighteenth D．early
C 解析：根据第一段中“It was only in the eighteenth century that people in Europe began to think mountains were beautiful.”可知在18世纪人们开始喜欢大山了。
10．A.country B．houses
C．town D．planet
C 解析：根据上文“many of the people...in the towns began to grow tired of________”可知人们开始厌烦城镇，想要从城镇里出去，故C项正确。
11．A.to B．at
C．in D．for
A 解析：turn away from...to...“离开……去……”。并列连词and连接两个介词to短语。
12．A.important B．right
C．necessary D．popular
D 解析：高山开始成为人们喜欢的度假胜地。popular“受欢迎的”，符合语境。important“重要的”；right“正确的”；necessary“必要的”。
13．A.pleasant B．interested
C．dangerous D．terrible
A 解析：对于一些人来说，爬到山顶是非常愉快的事情。pleasant“愉快的”，符合语境。interested“感兴趣的”；dangerous“危险的”；terrible“可怕的”。
14．A.foot B．spot
C．top D．tip
C 解析：爬山目标当然是到达山顶。top“顶”；foot“底部”；spot“斑点，地点”；tip“尖”。
15．A.in B．to
C．against D．between
C 解析：a battle against...“与……的战斗”。
16．A.fight B．climb
C．walk D．running
B 解析：长久而且很难的攀登后到达山顶。climb“攀登”，符合语境。
17．A.surprising B．satisfactory
C．disappointing D．astonishing
B 解析：能够俯瞰一切是多么令人满意的报答啊！satisfactory“令人满意的”，符合语境。surprising“令人惊奇的”；disappointing“令人失望的”；astonishing“令人惊讶的”。
18．A.behind B．up
C．down D．around
C 解析：look down on“俯瞰”。
19．A.miles B．minutes
C．seeing D．sight
D 解析：俯瞰视野内的一切。sight“视野”，符合句意。miles“数英里”；minutes“数分钟”；seeing“观看”。
20．A.above B．below
C．under D．away
B 解析：在那时，你会比在山下时感到更高兴、更自豪。below“在下面”，符合句意。above“在上面”；under“在……的下面”，为介词；away“在远处”。
语法填空
As a boy, Charles Darwin showed a great interest in living things. He loved to walk through the woods, 1.____________(look) at plants and birds. At the age of 8, Darwin 2.____________(send) to school, where he studied Latin, classical literature and ancient history. Young Darwin thought that these subjects were boring and useless. He preferred 3.____________(science) studies. As a result, he did 4.____________(poor) in his school lessons.
In 1928, Darwin’s father, who was very strict 5.____________ his son, sent him to Cambridge and he became a student of Professor John Henslow. Upon graduation, Professor Henslow asked him 6.____________(go) with Captain Fitzroy on a survey trip around the world. During the voyage, Darwin collected rocks, bones and 7.____________(insect)．He noted what he observed.
The widely 8.____________(accept) theory in those days was that God created all the creatures on earth. In 1859, Darwin published his famous book, The Origin of Species, in 9.____________ he explained his famous Theory of Evolution(进化)．
Today, Charles Darwin is recognized as one of 10.____________ greatest scientists the world has ever seen for his great achievements.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了世界著名生物学家达尔文的生平事迹。
1．looking 解析：looking at plants and birds是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况或方式(分词动作look与逻辑主语之间是主动关系)。
2．was sent 解析：主语Darwin是动作send的承受者，用被动语态；这里说的是过去的事，用一般过去时。
3．scientific 解析：空白处所填词在句中作定语，修饰名词studies，故用其形容词形式。
4．poorly 解析：空白处所填词在句中修饰整个句子，故用其副词形式。
5．with 解析：be strict with sb.意为“对某人要求严格”。
6．to go 解析：ask sb. to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。
7．insects 解析：根据空前的rocks和bones可知，此处填insect的复数形式。
8．accepted 解析：过去分词accepted作定语，修饰theory(分词动作accept与被修饰词theory之间是被动关系)。
9．which 解析：in which he explained his famous Theory of Evolution是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词his famous book。
10．the 解析：形容词最高级前习惯多用定冠词。
课件59张PPT。Unit 3 Science and natureUnit 3 Science and natureUnit 3 Science and natureUnit 3 Science and natureUnit 3 Science and natureUnit 3 Science and natureUnit 3 Science and nature本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
阅读理解
A
A new report from the International Bar Association(IBA) suggests machines will most likely replace humans in a growing number of occupations. One of the authors of the report, Gerlind Wisskirchen, believes that governments need to introduce human quotas(配额) in some sectors in order to protect jobs.
The report suggests that the jobs at risk are common ones, such as accountants and lawyers. Financial services are more at risk than legal roles though, as algorithms(计算程序) are easier for a computer to solve when compared to keeping client relationships and making new laws. Simple physical work is also in the firing line, the authors mention.
As the world population heads towards 7 to 10 billion, futurist Morris Miselowski says, “I’m not sure that this nine-to-five, Monday to Friday work as we understand it, will continue for many of us for the next couple of decades.” He forecasts that the biggest changes will be a shift(转变) away from the traditional work schedule.
“Artificial Intelligence(AI) ... and all sorts of new technologies are just about to happen；all of that’s going to change where, how and when we do work.”
Ms. Wisskirchen was surprised by how far-reaching the effects of automation(自动化) are.
“Even though automation began 30 years ago in the blue-collar sector, the new development of artificial intelligence and robotics affects not just the blue-collar sector, but the white-collar sector，” said Ms. Wisskirchen.
Toby Walsh, professor of Artificial Intelligence at UNSW, said there was a silver lining when it came to technology and the future of jobs.
“It’s always good to remember that although technology will take jobs away as they raise in this report, there will also be new jobs created by technology，” he said. “In fact if we look at the history of technology since the Industrial Revolution, more jobs have been created than destroyed.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一份来自国际律师协会的最新报告探讨了科技对未来人类工作的影响。
1．What message does the new report from the IBA send?
A．More jobs will be offered to humans.
B．Someday humans won’t need to work.
C．More jobs will be created because of AI.
D．Someday robots will take over your job.
D 解析：推理判断题。由首段的“machines will most likely replace humans in a growing number of occupations”和第二段的“the jobs at risk are common ones, such as accountants and lawyers”可知，来自国际律师协会的这份报告传达的信息是某一天机器人可能会取代人类的工作。
2．According to Morris Miselowski, what will happen in the future?
A．AI will make humans’ life easier.
B．Physical work will disappear from sight.
C．The traditional work hours will be changed.
D．Automation will have little effect on lawyers.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段的“the biggest changes will be a shift(转变) away from the traditional work schedule”可知，由于人工智能和各种新科技的到来，Morris预测今后传统的工作时间会发生巨大变化。
3．Who is optimistic about the future of jobs?
A．The author. B．Toby Walsh.
C．Morris Miselowski. D．Gerlind Wisskirchen.
B 解析：推理判断题。本文探讨的是科技对未来人类工作的影响，由最后一段Toby Walsh说的话“In fact if... than destroyed.”可知，他对未来的工作表示乐观。
B
Lise Meitner was born in Vienna, Austria on November 7, 1878.She was the third child of eight children in the family.Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well.Music was
important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano.The Meitner children were taught to listen to their parents, but to think for themselves.
When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.But, inspired by the discovery of Henri Becquerel, she was determined to study radioactivity(放射性)．
When she turned 21, women were finally allowed into Austrian universities.Meitner was admitted into the University of Vienna; there she was excellent at math and physics and earned her doctor’s degree in 1906.She wrote to Marie Curie, but there was no room for her in the Paris lab, so Meitner made her way to Berlin.There she worked with Otto Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.
In 1912, the pair moved to a new university and Meitner had better lab equipment.Though Meitner was forced to escape Nazi Germany in 1938, they continued to co-work.Meitner continued her work in Sweden and later they found the phenomenon “nuclear fission(核裂变)”．The discovery, which finally led to the atomic bomb, won Hahn the Nobel Prize in 1944.Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.
【解题导语】 Lise Meitner是一位奥地利女科学家，文章介绍了她对核物理学的贡献。
4．What can we learn about Lise Meitner’s childhood?
A．She received a good education.
B．She often went against her parents.
C．She showed a great talent for music.
D．She lived a hard life with her family.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well.Music was important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano.”可知，Lise Meitner小时候接受了良好的教育。
5．Why didn’t Lise Meitner go to college after finishing high school?
A．She wasn’t interested in college.
B．Girls in her country were not allowed.
C．Her family couldn’t afford the school fees.
D．She wanted to study radioactivity by herself.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria.”及第三段第一句可知，Lise Meitner高中毕业后没能上大学是因为当时在奥地利女孩子不允许上大学。
6．What did Lise Meitner probably realize when working in Berlin?
A．She was unfairly treated there.
B．She made the wrong college choice.
C．She should have kept her identity a secret.
D．She should find a better partner than Otto Hahn.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.”可知，由于身份的缘故，她被不公平地对待。
7．What was most probably Lise Meitner’s attitude toward the Nobel committee?
A．Indifferent. B．Unclear.
C．Angry. D．Supportive.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.”可推断，Meitner对诺贝尔奖委员会对自己的忽视感到非常气愤。
C
Have you had this experience? You are watching a movie.A man is shooting on the screen.The picture is so real that you think he is shooting at you.Or a car is speeding on the screen and at one point you are afraid that it will hit you.
Three-dimensional(3D) movies use special technology to make pictures seem more real and exciting than two-dimensional ones.The popular movie Avatar uses 3D technology.
So far we can only see 3D movies in the cinema with a special screen and projector(放映机)．But soon, we will be able to watch them in our living rooms.Last month, Woods Company told reporters that it plans to bring 3D televisions to homes in the near future.The company is also hoping to make other products with 3D, like laptops and PS3(索尼的家用游戏机)．
“The_3D_train_is_on_the_track,_and_we_are_ready_to_drive_it_home，”said the President.3D movies and TV programs are fun to watch, but do you know how they are made? It is much easier to understand if we do an experiment.
Hold one of your fingers up at arms length and close one eye.Then try closing the other eye.As you switch between open eyes, you should see your finger “jumping” left and right against the background.
This happens because our two eyes are about 4cm away from each other.The separation causes each eye to see the world from a different angle.The brain puts these two views together.What you see becomes three-dimensional.
3D movies are made using two video cameras at the same time, which creates two different images.When the movie plays in a cinema, two projectors put the two images on the screen.With a pair of 3D glasses, the two images are separated and each image only enters one eye.Your brain puts the two pictures back together, and the pictures on the screen become three-dimensional.
【解题导语】 这篇短文主要介绍了3D技术的工作原理。
8．What does the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．They’ve got a train to take 3D movies back home.
B．They are not sure about the future of 3D movies.
C．They are ready to bring 3D technology to home.
D．They have no more work to do on 3D technology.
C 解析：句意理解题。这句话的字面含义是“3D这辆火车已经在轨道上了，我们正准备把它开回家。”联系上一段中的“Last month, Woods Company told reporters that it plans to bring 3D televisions to homes in the near future.”可知此处指的是他们已经准备将3D技术带入个人家庭。故选C。
9．From the passage, we know that 3D technology ________．
A．creates two different images separately
B．works in the similar way of eyes seeing things
C．uses special video cameras and screens
D．can be very easy to experiment with
B 解析：细节理解题。根据短文后两段描述可知3D技术和眼睛的工作原理相似。故选B。
10．The passage is mainly about ________．
A．what 3D technology needs
B．what 3D movies are
C．how 3D movies develop
D．how 3D technology works
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据短文后三段描述可知这篇短文主要讲述了3D技术的工作原理。故选D。
11．In which page of a newspaper can you most probably read this passage?
A．Science. B．Advertisement.
C．News. D．Fiction.
A 解析：文章出处题。这篇短文主要讲述的是3D技术，故我们应该在科学板块看到这一内容。故选A。
七选五
For our brains, being in the Internet Age is like being a five-year-old in a candy store.But while five-year-olds in candy stores have tons of fun, they aren’t known for achieving great things.Sometimes, your brain just needs to accept it and can’t always get what it wants. 1.________Here are some ways to improve productivity.
2．________Breaks are important.But unscheduled Internet breaks can keep you from ever getting into the “flow” of work.For those of us who don’t trust our own willpower in the face of that shiny browser(浏览器) icon, you can get Internet-blocking software like Freedom that actually prevents your computer from surfing the Internet for set periods of time.
Quit tapping(轻叩) on that phone.We know smartphones are great when you have to wait in line for more than five seconds.But phone tapping during work periods often just means about a hundred unearned breaks.Of course, some jobs require constant access to your phone.But most of the time, you’d be better off accepting that nothing bad will happen if you disconnect for a few hours. 3.________
Make a list and go through it carefully.The list is one of the simplest and most ignored relics of the pen and paper age. 4.________There’s nothing more satisfying than completing something with patience.
Turn on some music without words.5.________ But the mistake people sometimes make is to listen to music with lyrics.Music with lyrics can be distracting(分心的) if you’re trying to work or read.
A．Get off the Internet.
B．Always know your weakness.
C．Your brain needs structure and focus.
D．Remember to just work on one problem at a time.
E．Don’t let your brain go to play until your tasks are done.
F．The pleasant melody will help you feel relaxed to work.
G．Just put your phone in a different room—out of sight and out of mind.
答案：1－5.CAGEF
B卷
阅读理解
How come we think dogs are so smart? A dog might be clever enough to fetch his lead when he wants to go out.But he might also spend a whole hour running after his own tail.How can you measure an animal’s brain power?
The hardest part is coming up with the right test.The test has to be something the dog can learn to do: select a block by pushing it with a nose, for example.The test also has to be something the dog wants to do: a dog might stare at that block until he figures out there’s a hidden treat.
Researchers use treats to give dogs IQ tests.The dog is presented with a plate with a blue block on it; underneath the block is a treat.The animal moves the block and gets the treat.Now the test gets tricky.The dog is presented with the same plate, but this time it has a blue block and a yellow coffee can lid(盖子)on it; the treat is under the yellow lid.The test: how long does it take the dog to learn that the treat is always under the new object on the plate？The smarter the dog, the quicker he’ll find the treat.
That seems simple enough, but things become more complicated (复杂的) when you try to compare different kinds of animals.Monkeys_wipe_the_floor_with_dogs on this test.Dogs may have to try hundreds of times before they select the yellow lid.Monkeys learn much more quickly to find the hidden treat.Does that mean monkeys are smarter than dogs?
Not necessarily.The test was originally designed for monkeys, and it gives them an unfair advantage: by nature monkeys are curious and like to check out new things.Dogs tend to be cautious about approaching new things.
Even if you could find a test that was perfectly fair to all animals, it’s silly to ask whether one kind of animal is smarter than another.All animals have the ability to learn things that are important to them.Otherwise they wouldn’t survive.A chicken can figure out where to get food or how to run from a predator(食肉动物)．So a chicken is as smart as it needs to be.
1．What is a requirement for a test of animal intelligence?
A．The test must include a block like object.
B．The test must compare two different animals.
C．The test must be given when the animal is in training.
D．The test must be something that can be taught to an animal.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段的描述可知， 测试必须是动物能学会而且想做的事情。
2．What does the underlined part “Monkeys wipe the floor with dogs” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Monkeys are cleaner than dogs.
B．Monkeys perform better than dogs.
C．Monkeys have learnt to clean floors.
D．Monkeys like to compete with dogs.
B 解析：句意理解题。由划线部分下文中的Dogs may have to try hundreds of times...more quickly to find the hidden treat.可知，猴子比狗更快找到食物， 由此可以推断，“Monkeys wipe the floor with dogs”意为“猴子比狗表现得好”。
3．According to Paragraph 5, how are monkeys and dogs different?
A．Monkeys learn quickly but dogs learn slowly.
B．Monkeys like taking tests but dogs dislike them.
C．Monkeys do not like working with humans, but dogs do.
D．Monkeys explore new things but dogs shy away from them.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第五段中的monkeys are curious...be cautious about approaching new things可知， 猴子对新事物充满好奇， 而狗对新事物总会小心翼翼。
4．According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．The smartest animals make the best pets.
B．Most animals are as smart as they need to be.
C．Animals can do what humans want them to do.
D．Bigger animals are smarter than smaller animals.
B 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的All animals have the ability to learn things that are important to them.Otherwise they wouldn’t survive.可知， B项正确。
完形填空
It was only in the eighteenth century that people in Europe began to think mountains were beautiful.__1__that time，mountains were__2__by the people living on the plain，__3__by the city people, to whom they were wild and__4__places in which one was easily__5__or killed by terrible animals.
Slowly, however, many of the people who were living__6__in the towns began to grow tired of__7__. They began to feel interested in looking for things which could not be explained, for sights and sounds which produce a feeling of fear and excitement.__8__， in the __9__century, people began to turn away from the man?made__10__to the untouched country，and particularly__11__places where it was dangerous and wild. High mountains began to be __12__ for a holiday.
Then, mountain climbing began to grow popular as a sport. To some people, there is something greatly__13__about getting to the__14__of a high mountain：a struggle against nature is finer than a battle__15__other human beings. And then, when you are at the mountain top after a long and difficult__16__， what a__17__reward it is to be able to look__18__on everything within__19__！At such time，you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel __20__．
【解题导语】 本文介绍了爬山运动的历史，同时介绍了此项运动的魅力。
1．A.After B．In
C．At D．Before
D 解析：根据前文可知在18世纪欧洲人才开始认为山是美丽的，由此可推断出在此之前，人们认为山是危险的，故D项正确。
2．A.loved B．liked
C．feared D．observed
C 解析：根据下文的“they were wild”和“killed by terrible animals”可知人们畏惧山。fear“害怕，畏惧”，符合语境。love“爱”；like“喜欢”；observe“观察”。
3．A.however B．further
C．sometimes D．especially
D 解析：生活在平原上的人害怕大山，尤其是城市里的人。especially“尤其”，符合语境。
4．A.exciting B．interesting
C．dangerous D．alone
C 解析：根据下文的“killed by terrible animals”可知对于他们来说山是危险的地方。dangerous“危险的”，符合语境。exciting“令人兴奋的”；interesting“有趣的”；alone“单独的”。
5．A.broken down B．lost
C．discovered D．caught
B 解析：人们在山里容易迷路。be lost“迷路”，符合语境。break down“垮掉”；discover“发现”；catch“捉住”。
6．A.unhappily B．lonely
C．comfortably D．easily
A 解析：慢慢地，许多在城镇中生活得不幸福的人们开始厌恶城镇了。unhappily“不快乐地”，符合语境。lonely“孤单的”；comfortably“舒服地”；easily“容易地”。
7．A.them B．it
C．themselves D．that
A 解析：代词作宾语，且指代前文的“towns”，故应用them。
8．A.Yet B．So
C．However D．But
B 解析：上下文之间有因果关系，故用表示结果的并列连词so。yet“然而，但是”；however“然而，可是”；but“但是”。
9．A.last B．recent
C．eighteenth D．early
C 解析：根据第一段中“It was only in the eighteenth century that people in Europe began to think mountains were beautiful.”可知在18世纪人们开始喜欢大山了。
10．A.country B．houses
C．town D．planet
C 解析：根据上文“many of the people...in the towns began to grow tired of________”可知人们开始厌烦城镇，想要从城镇里出去，故C项正确。
11．A.to B．at
C．in D．for
A 解析：turn away from...to...“离开……去……”。并列连词and连接两个介词to短语。
12．A.important B．right
C．necessary D．popular
D 解析：高山开始成为人们喜欢的度假胜地。popular“受欢迎的”，符合语境。important“重要的”；right“正确的”；necessary“必要的”。
13．A.pleasant B．interested
C．dangerous D．terrible
A 解析：对于一些人来说，爬到山顶是非常愉快的事情。pleasant“愉快的”，符合语境。interested“感兴趣的”；dangerous“危险的”；terrible“可怕的”。
14．A.foot B．spot
C．top D．tip
C 解析：爬山目标当然是到达山顶。top“顶”；foot“底部”；spot“斑点，地点”；tip“尖”。
15．A.in B．to
C．against D．between
C 解析：a battle against...“与……的战斗”。
16．A.fight B．climb
C．walk D．running
B 解析：长久而且很难的攀登后到达山顶。climb“攀登”，符合语境。
17．A.surprising B．satisfactory
C．disappointing D．astonishing
B 解析：能够俯瞰一切是多么令人满意的报答啊！satisfactory“令人满意的”，符合语境。surprising“令人惊奇的”；disappointing“令人失望的”；astonishing“令人惊讶的”。
18．A.behind B．up
C．down D．around
C 解析：look down on“俯瞰”。
19．A.miles B．minutes
C．seeing D．sight
D 解析：俯瞰视野内的一切。sight“视野”，符合句意。miles“数英里”；minutes“数分钟”；seeing“观看”。
20．A.above B．below
C．under D．away
B 解析：在那时，你会比在山下时感到更高兴、更自豪。below“在下面”，符合句意。above“在上面”；under“在……的下面”，为介词；away“在远处”。
语法填空
As a boy, Charles Darwin showed a great interest in living things. He loved to walk through the woods, 1.____________(look) at plants and birds. At the age of 8, Darwin 2.____________(send) to school, where he studied Latin, classical literature and ancient history. Young Darwin thought that these subjects were boring and useless. He preferred 3.____________(science) studies. As a result, he did 4.____________(poor) in his school lessons.
In 1928, Darwin’s father, who was very strict 5.____________ his son, sent him to Cambridge and he became a student of Professor John Henslow. Upon graduation, Professor Henslow asked him 6.____________(go) with Captain Fitzroy on a survey trip around the world. During the voyage, Darwin collected rocks, bones and 7.____________(insect)．He noted what he observed.
The widely 8.____________(accept) theory in those days was that God created all the creatures on earth. In 1859, Darwin published his famous book, The Origin of Species, in 9.____________ he explained his famous Theory of Evolution(进化)．
Today, Charles Darwin is recognized as one of 10.____________ greatest scientists the world has ever seen for his great achievements.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了世界著名生物学家达尔文的生平事迹。
1．looking 解析：looking at plants and birds是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况或方式(分词动作look与逻辑主语之间是主动关系)。
2．was sent 解析：主语Darwin是动作send的承受者，用被动语态；这里说的是过去的事，用一般过去时。
3．scientific 解析：空白处所填词在句中作定语，修饰名词studies，故用其形容词形式。
4．poorly 解析：空白处所填词在句中修饰整个句子，故用其副词形式。
5．with 解析：be strict with sb.意为“对某人要求严格”。
6．to go 解析：ask sb. to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”。
7．insects 解析：根据空前的rocks和bones可知，此处填insect的复数形式。
8．accepted 解析：过去分词accepted作定语，修饰theory(分词动作accept与被修饰词theory之间是被动关系)。
9．which 解析：in which he explained his famous Theory of Evolution是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词his famous book。
10．the 解析：形容词最高级前习惯多用定冠词。
Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & ReadingLanguage Points
on one’s way to doing sth. 在途中，接近，即将发生
(教材P42)On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and are afraid that, if mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on our way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monster.
另一方面，包括一些科学家在内的许多人则持不同意见，他们担心人类如果用这种方式戏弄自然，我们可能将制造出一个现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦怪物。
in a way 以某种方式；在某一方面；
在某种程度上；从某种意义上来说
in the way 挡路，挡道
in no way 一点也不；决不
by way of 经由，途经
on the way 即将到来
force/push one’s way 强行挤出路来
make way for 为……让路
①Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out.
坐在车后面去机场的路上，我一切都明白了。
②In_no_way can teaching in school be separated from practice.
无论如何学校教育不能与实践相分离。
③(福建卷)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always in_the_way whenever she tries to.
史密斯夫人发现清理杂物很难，因为每当她要去做的时候，孩子们总是碍事。
④In a way I like Betty，but I wouldn’t really trust her.
我有几分喜欢贝蒂，但我不会真正信任她。
⑤The old houses were knocked down to make way for a new office building.
老房子被拆除了，以腾出地方来建造新办公楼。
be praised for 因……而受到称赞
(教材P42)However，in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific advance.
然而，总体来说，这些科学家还是因为其杰出的科学进展而得到了人们的称赞。
(1)praise v．&n. 表扬；赞扬；表彰
praise sb.for sth. 因某事而赞美/称赞某人
be highly praised for 高度赞扬……
(2)receive high praise from sb. 得到某人的高度称赞
in praise of 以赞扬……；作为对
……的赞扬
beyond (all) praise 赞美不尽的，赞不绝口的
①Cathy didn’t expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.
凯西没有期待任何奖项，但是仍在那里为朋友的成就鼓劲加油。
②I have nothing but to praise for your devotion and your hard work.
我只能表扬你的辛勤投入及努力工作。
③I cannot say enough in_praise_of his work.
我对他的工作赞扬不已，怎么说也不过分。
④His heroism was beyond all praise.
他的英勇行为使人赞不绝口。
praise后不接不定式和that从句。
intention n．[U，C]意图，目的；企图
(教材P42)However，some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life.
但是，有些人认为怀着摧毁人类胚胎的意图来克隆人类胚胎是对人类生命的不尊重。
(1)have no intention of doing sth.
＝ have no intention to do sth. 无意做某事
with the intention of... 以……为目的；打算……
by intention 故意地
(2)intend v． 打算
intend (sb.) to do sth. 打算(让某人)做某事
be intended to do sth. 打算用来做……；目的是……
be intended/meant for 为……而准备的；
专供……使用的
(3)intended adj. 故意的；打算中的
(4)intentionally adv. 故意地
①The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.
这次旅行目的是要比Robert Falcon Scott船长所做的事情要更多。
②My mother bought a book for me with the intention of learning French，which is_intended for beginners.(intend)
我妈妈为了让我学法语给我买了一本书，这本书是专为初学者设计的。
③He left his hometown with the intention(intend) of traveling around the world.
他离开家乡，打算到世界各地去旅行。
④The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended(intention)．
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
不可以说with the intention to do sth.。
anxiety n．忧虑，担心，焦虑
(教材P42)Even though human cloning is causing a lot of anxiety，it is good news for Faye Wilson，a 41-year-old saleswoman who cannot have a baby.
尽管克隆人类引起了很多担忧，但是这对于不能生育的41岁女售货员费伊·威尔逊来说却是个好消息。
(1)be in anxiety 担忧
with anxiety 焦虑地
(2)anxious adj. 焦虑的，忧虑的；渴望的
be anxious to do... 渴望做……，急于做……
be anxious for/about... 为……着急/担心；渴望……
be anxious that... 极力希望/渴望……
(从句中常用“should＋动词原形”)
(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地
①Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
总是紧张，所以我一次集中注意力的时间不到一个小时。
②The old woman was waiting for the return of her relatives with anxiety(anxious)．
老妇人焦急地盼望亲人归来。
③(天津卷)Anxiously(anxious)，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn’t fit.
她迫不及待地从包裹里拿出裙子，试穿了一下，结果发现它不合身。
My daughter studies very hard，because she is anxious to go to college.But she is anxious about not passing the entrance exam.I am really anxious that she should get rid of anxiety.
我的女儿学习很努力，因为她渴望上大学。但她又担心不能通过大学入学考试。我真希望她能够消除忧虑。
adopt vt.收养，领养；采取，采用
(教材P42)‘I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child—if I had the chance，I would have a cloned baby right now.’
“我不想领养别人的孩子——如果我有这个机会，我会立即要一个克隆婴儿。”
(1)adopt...as... 收养……为……
be adopted from 选自，取自
(2)adopted adj. 收养的
(3)adoption n. 采用；收养
①Before I was two，I was adopted by an English couple.
两岁前，我被一对英国夫妇收养。
②For many childless couples，adoption (adopt) is the best solution.
对于很多无子女的夫妇来说，收养是最好的解决方法。
③The government will adopt new measures to fight against drunk driving in 2019.
2019年政府将采取新的措施来打击酒后驾车。
adapt与adopt仅有一个字母之差，要注意它们含义上的区别：adapt改编，使适应；adopt采用，采纳，收养。
④The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environment.
儿童身上的一个优点是他们能很容易地适应新的环境。
[巧学活用]——用adopt的适当形式完成小片段
(1)Mr.White is the adopted son of Mrs.Green，who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago.Thanks to her adoption，Mr.White could receive a good education and became an engineer.
(2)The old couple adopted a boy ten years ago and their adopted son treated them well and the old couple thought their adoption was the best choice.
push ahead with 义无反顾地进行，努力推进
(教材P42)While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries，some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby. 尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家是非法的，但是一些科学家已经在加紧研究，以制造出一个克隆的人类婴儿。
push aside 不考虑，不去想，忘掉
push forward (不顾困难)继续前进
push over 把……推倒
push through 使……获得通过
push up 使……增加，使……上涨
①I felt I could not move another step，but after lunch I got my second wind and pushed ahead with the rest.
我感觉一步也走不动了，但是午饭后我又觉得干劲十足，继续进行剩下的部分。
②They have decided to push_ahead_with Project Hope.
他们决定努力推进“希望工程”。
consequence n．结果；后果
(教材P43)If we toy with nature，we will have to deal with the consequences.
如果我们戏弄自然，我们将不得不处理其后果。
in consequence＝as a consequence＝as a result 因此；由此
in consequence of/as a consequence of 由于；因为……的缘故
take/bear/face/suffer the consequence of 承担……的后果
①You must take the consequence of your carelessness.
你必须承担你粗心所造成的后果。
②He didn’t work hard，and as a consequence/in consequence，he failed his exam.
他不用功，结果考试不及格。
③In_consequence_of/As_a_consequence_of the rain，the tennis match was delayed.
由于下雨，网球赛延期了。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)如果你继续像这样生活，你最终会自食其果的。
If you continue to live your life like this，you will finally suffer/face/take/bear_the_consequence_of_your_actions．
(2)由于你工作表现不好，我不得不把你辞退。
In_consequence_of/As_a_consequence_of your bad work，I’m forced to dismiss you.
transform vt.改变，使……改观
(教材P43)On a personal note，cloning would totally transform my life.
就我个人而言，克隆将彻底改变我的生活。
(1)transform...into... 把……改变成……
transform...from... 从……中转变/转化……
(2)transformation n. 改变
①Hard work transformed her completely into an ordinary housewife.
艰辛的劳动彻底把她变成了一个普通的家庭妇女。
②She helps transform literature into Braille for blind readers.
为了盲人读者，她帮着把文学作品翻译成盲文。
③He has made a complete transformation(transform) from a comedian to a dramatic actor.
他已从喜剧演员彻底转型为戏剧演员。
(教材P42)On the one hand，some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo...On the other hand，many people，including some scientists，disagree and are afraid that... 一方面，一些科学家指出，如果克隆人类胚胎……另一方面，包括一些科学家在内的很多人则持不同意见，他们担心……
on the one hand...on the other hand...“一方面……另一方面……”，常用来引出两种不同的观点，重点常在后一种观点。on the one hand中的the 可以省略，与on the other hand 一起用的时候，可以把第二个hand 省略，有时候只用后面那个短语。
(1)on (the) one hand...，on the other hand...
一方面……，另一方面(却)……
(2)first(ly) ...；second(ly) ...
第一……；第二……
(3)for one thing...，for another...
一则……，二则……
①On the one hand, I’d like a job which pays more，but on the other hand, I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.一方面，我希望得到报酬高的工作，但另一方面，我又很喜欢手头这份工作。
②Reading certain books，on_the_other_hand，is a well-set task over which they have much more control.
另一方面，读一定量的书是一个比较容易控制且好确定的任务。
③—Why don’t you get a car?
——你为什么不买辆汽车呢？
—Well，for_one_thing，I can’t drive！For_another，I don’t have enough money.
——首先，我不会开车；其次，我钱不够。
(教材P42)Although he researches cloning，his intention has never been to create copies of humans.
尽管他研究克隆技术，但他的目的从来就不是制造人类的复制品。
although 引导让步状语从句，相当于though/while。引导让步状语从句的常见词或短语有：though，although，as，while，even if，even though，no matter＋wh-类词，whatever类词等。
①It is Mother’s Day today.Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now.
今天是母亲节。尽管是西方节日，但如今在中国也很盛行。
②Although our “act” would last only for a short time，we could see quite a number of interesting things.
尽管我们的行动将只能持续很短的时间，但我们会看到很多有趣的事情。
③(山东卷)I don’t really like the author，although I have to admit his books are very exciting.
虽然我不得不承认他的书很令人振奋，但我真的不喜欢这位作者。
although
“虽然，尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句，较正式，常用于句首，不倒装
though
though 引导让步状语从句时，可以倒装也可以不倒装。还可以用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，用于句中或者句末，用逗号与句子隔开
as
as引导让步状语从句必须倒装。构成“n./adj.＋as/though＋主语＋系动词 (名词位于句首时一律不用冠词)”“adv.＋as/though＋主语＋行为动词(＋其他附加成分)”的形式；有时也把动词放在从句句首，尤其是有may，might，will，would等情态动词时
while
“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，较正式，还可以用来对比，前后形成对照，表示“而”；表让步的时候用于句首，表对比的时候用于句中
[巧学活用]——选用上述词语填空
(1)Although surprised，the poachers had an advantage—there were more of them.
(2)Talented as/though he is，he does not work hard.
(3)In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant to deal with.
(4)While/Although I admit that there are problems，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
品句填词
1.If I’ve hurt your feelings，it was quite without____________ (目的)．
答案：intention
2．A fresh coat of paint can____________(改变) a room.
答案：transform
3．The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social ____________ (结果，后果)．
答案：consequences
4．We waited for the report of exam with a great deal of ____________ (忧虑)．
答案：anxiety
5．His suggestion has been _____________ (采纳) by people in many parts of the world.
答案：adopted
6．A small baby has no____________(概念) of right and wrong.
答案：concept
单句改错
1．The mother was standing at the gate，anxiously to see her son.____________________
答案：anxiously→anxious
2．They argued him into the adopt of the plan.____________________
答案：adopt→adoption
3．A big fire broke out last night；as the consequence，the house was completely destroyed.____________________
答案：第一个the→a
4．She ever lived in France，and as consequence she speaks French fluently.____________________
答案：consequence前加a或把as改为in
5．Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years，but one thing or another always got in a way.____________________
答案：第二个a→the
完成句子
1．我想出去吃，可(另一方面)我又该努力省钱。
I’d like to eat out，__________________________ I should be trying to save money.
答案：but on the other hand
2．他又迟到了，结果让老板训了一顿。
He came late again；____________________he was scolded by his boss.
答案：as a consequence(result)/in consequence
3．尽管他还是个孩子，他知道做什么事情是正确的。
________________ he was，he knew what was the right thing to do.
答案：Child as/though
4．他离成为一名著名的歌手已经不远了。
He is __________________________ a famous singer.
答案：on the way to becoming
5．劝告朋友要在私下里，赞扬朋友可在人多的场合。
Make suggestions to your friends in private__________________________ in public.
答案：while praise your friends
课文语法填空
With Dolly cloned 1.____________(success) from an adult cell，some other animals have already been created.Some scientists even have the intention 2.____________(clone) humans and they are pushing ahead with research now，3.____________it is not legal in many countries.China has succeeded 4.____________ producing clones of cows and goats.
Just 5.____________the 6.____________(say) goes，“Every coin has two sides.” On the one hand，cloning can produce 7.____________(value) human tissues 8.____________(use) in medical 9.____________(treat)．On the other hand，human cloning causes much anxiety.Some people say if we toy 10.____________nature，we will have to deal with the consequences.
答案：1.successfully 2.to clone 3.although/though
4．in 5.as 6.saying 7.valuable 8.to be used
9．treatment 10.with
A卷
单句语法填空
1．You didn’t intend ____________(be) late.But that’s not the point.
答案：to be
2．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very ____________(anxiety) and disappointed.
答案：anxious
3．The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule ____________(adopt)．
答案：(should) be adopted
4．He stood there without daring to lift his head as a consequence ____________ his wrong action.
答案：of
5．She has made up her mind to transform an attic room ____________ a study.
答案：into
6．This decision could have serious ____________(consequence) for the industry.
答案：consequences
7．The way in which we work has undergone a complete ____________(transform) in the past decade.
答案：transformation
8．Hearing this，tears came to my eyes as I realized what a fool I had been to judge Jim’s father ____________ a failure.
答案：as
9．We are in agreement ____________ their decision.
答案：with
10．She toyed ____________ the idea of becoming an actress.
答案：with
阅读理解
Have you ever wished you could have a clone of yourself to do homework while you hit the skate park or went out with your friends?
Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another.This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two!
You might not believe it，but there are human clones among us right now.They weren’t made in a lab，though: they’re identical twins (同卵双生)，created naturally.
How does one go about making an exact genetic copy of an organism? There are a couple of ways to do this: artificial(人工) embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer(体细胞核移植)．Artificial embryo twinning is the relatively low-tech version of cloning.Somatic cell nuclear transfer，(SCNT) uses a different approach compared with artificial embryo twinning.This was the method used to create Dolly the sheep.
Let’s say you really want a clone to do your homework.Knowing what you know，do you think this approach would really help you finish your homework...this decade?
A common misconception is that a clone，if created，would magically appear at the same age as the original.This simply isn’t true.You remember that cloning is an alternative way to create an embryo，not a full-grown individual.Therefore，that embryo，once created，must develop exactly the same way as an embryo created by fertilizing an egg cell with a sperm cell (精子)．This will require a surrogate mother and enough time for the cloned embryo to grow and fully develop into an individual.
Are you familiar with the phrase “nature versus nurture”？ Basically，this means that while genetics can help determine personality，environmental influences have a considerable impact on shaping an individual’s physical appearance and personality.For example，do you know any identical twins? They are genetically the same，but do they really look and act exactly alike?
When we hear of cloning successes，we learn about only the few attempts that worked.What we don’t see are the many，many cloning experiments that failed! And even in the successful clones，problems tend to arise later，during the animal’s development to adulthood.
Cloning animals shows us what might happen if we try to clone humans.What have these animals taught us about the risks of cloning?
1．The underlined word “misconception” in Paragraph 6 probably means “________”．
A．belief
B．misunderstanding
C．explanation
D．experience
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，人们往往会认为克隆就是马上能有一个一模一样的你出现，这显然是“误解”。
2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．The risks of cloning.
B．The myths of cloning.
C．The definition of cloning.
D．Some issues in cloning.
D 解析：细节理解题。最后两段说的是A项的内容，倒数第四段说的是B项的内容，第二段说的是C项的内容，只有D项的内容没有提及。
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Dolly the sheep was cloned by using SCNT.
B．Identical twins are naturally created human clones.
C．A clone，if created，would magically appear at the same age as the original.
D．Twins are genetically the same，but they don’t really look and act exactly alike.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第一、二句话“A common misconception is that a clone，if created，would magically appear at the same age as the original.This simply isn’t true.”及之后的论述可知。
4．According to the passage，we cannot have a clone to do our homework now because ________．
A．the technology is not so advanced
B．there are many cloning experiments that failed
C．problems may arise later
D．all of the above
D 解析：细节理解题。综合全文，尤其是倒数第二段可知，A、B、C三项都是现在还不能克隆人的原因。
完形填空
Recently I have been reminded of the very unexpected generosity and kindness I once experienced on a hitchhiking (搭便车) trip.
In 1981, I decided to __1__ my girlfriend, who lived in Napier, and __2__ I was short of money, hitchhiking was the only way to go. __3__ Auckland early in the morning, carrying only a small backpack, I set off by bus to the entrance of the Southern Motorway. I soon got __4__. Most were short, but nevertheless I was on my way. I enjoyed the __5__ conversation and was lucky enough to have made some __6__ by dusk.
As I walked along a tree-lined country road, I __7__ where I would spend the night. It was summer and the weather was __8__ so I thought I could sleep under a tree. An elderly gentleman greeted me and asked me where I was __9__， interrupting(打断) my thoughts. I __10__ that I was hoping to get to the next town, “Opotiki.”
“You won’t get there before dark，” he said. “So come with me and we’ll put you up for the __11__．”
Opotiki was a further 25 km away, so I __12__ him to a comfortable, warm house nearby. He introduced me to his wife who was __13__ dinner. They invited me to sit at the __14__ and before long I was enjoying a nice cup of tea followed by a __15__ dinner.
After dinner I was shown to my __16__： an old bus that was parked in the back garden. It had a double bed in it and I had a very __17__ night’s sleep.
In the morning I woke to a cup of tea and a nice hot breakfast. I began saying goodbye and __18__ them for their kindness, when the lady __19__ me a wrapped-up sandwich, saying that it should keep me going until I __20__ Opotiki.
We had a laugh and said goodbye. I have never forgotten their amazing kindness and magnanimity (高尚的行为)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在搭便车旅行途中遇到一位善良的老人，他邀作者留宿过夜，并且给作者提供了丰盛的晚餐。
1．A.find B．visit
C．help D．praise
B 解析：由上下文的描述可知，“我”决定去“看(visit)”女朋友。
2．A.if B．before
C．since D．unless
C 解析：由下文的描述可知，“因为(since)”缺钱，“我”只能搭便车去。
3．A.Leaving B．Passing
C．Entering D．Searching
A 解析：由下文中的I set off by bus可知，“我”一大早就“离开了(Leaving)”奥克兰。
4．A.tickets B．lifts
C．flights D．messages
B 解析：由上文中的hitchhiking可知，“我”很快就“搭到车(got lifts)”。
5．A.private B．short
C．quiet D．friendly
D 解析：由该空前的enjoyed可知，一路上的交谈都很“愉快(friendly)”。
6．A.progress B．connections
C．distance D．mistakes
C 解析：由上文的描述可知，“我”很幸运地在黄昏之前赶了一些“路程(distance)”。
7．A.wondered B．knew
C．imagined D．realized
A 解析：由下文中的I thought I could sleep under a tree可知，“我”“想知道(wondered)”自己晚上该在哪里过夜。
8．A.windy B．dry
C．cloudy D．warm
D 解析：由上文中的summer可知，天气比较“暖和(warm)”。
9．A.working B．heading
C．hiding D．eating
B 解析：由下文中的I was hoping to get to the next town, “Opotiki.”可知，一位老人跟“我”打招呼，问“我”“去(heading)”哪儿。
10．A.replied B．admitted
C．added D．concluded
A 解析：由下文中的Opotiki可知，“我”“回答说(replied)”想到下一个城镇Opotiki。
11．A.week B．day
C．bed D．night
D 解析：由上文中的where I would spend the night以及下文的描述可知，此处指老人邀作者留宿过“夜(night)”。
12．A.led B．followed
C．invited D．showed
B 解析：由下文中的to a comfortable, warm house可知，“我”“跟随(followed)”老人到了附近他温暖舒适的家。
13．A.having B．ordering
C．expecting D．preparing
D 解析：由下文的描述可知，老人的妻子正在“准备(preparing)”晚餐。
14．A.stair B．restaurant
C．table D．computer
C 解析：由下文中的I was enjoying a nice cup of tea可知，他们邀请“我”坐到“餐桌(table)”旁。
15．A.formal B．poor
C．cheap D．hearty
D 解析：由文中的描述可知，老人为作者准备了“丰盛的(hearty)”晚餐。
16．A.room B．home
C．house D．flat
A 解析：由下文中的an old bus和It had a double bed in it可知，饭后，老人把“我”带到“我”的“房间(room)”。
17．A.long B．uneasy
C．difficult D．comfortable
D 解析：由文中的描述可知，“我”睡了一个“舒服的(comfortable)”觉。
18．A.paying B．asking
C．thanking D．forgiving
C 解析：由下文中的for their kindness可知，“我”“感谢(thanking)”两位老人的善意。
19．A.sent B．handed
C．bought D．returned
B 解析：由该空后的a wrapped-up sandwich可知，老人的妻子“递给(handed)”“我”一个打包好的三明治。
20．A.remembered B．covered
C．reached D．recognized
C 解析：由该空前的keep me going可知，此处指三明治应该能支撑“我”“到达(reached)”Opotiki。
B卷
阅读理解
A
The University of Miami’s newest hospital has a six-bed emergency room, operating room, a birthing room and outpatient clinics(诊室)．
The only thing missing is patients. Instead, nursing students get a realistic clinical experience using computerized patients and staff(工作人员) actors.
“Practicing on real people can be a frightening environment, and as our patients may be unwilling to accept treatment when a student walks in，” said Susana Barroso-Fernandez, who oversees UM’s simulation(模拟) program. “We created this environment to allow students to practice and make mistakes and never put a patient or student at risk.”
UM’s Simulation Hospital is part of a growing trend(趋势) of colleges building simulation centers to provide real-life experiences to students. Community colleges and schools also use simulators for emergency medical technician and medical assistant programs.
A 2014 study by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing found that colleges could use simulation to replace up to half of all clinical experience without any bad results. The students scored as well on nursing license exams as those getting most of their experience in hospitals and health care centers. Officials say they think simulation has helped their students achieve nearly perfect passing rates on the exams.
There are major advantages of simulation. In addition to giving students a safe environment to practice in, it also gives students experience with conditions that are rare, but still important for them to know how to deal with.
“The Simulation Hospital will also be used as a training place for people outside of UM，” officials said. “You can bring companies in that want to test new products before they go to market，” Barroso-Fernandez said.“You can work with community partners like police and fire departments. You can take this hospital and turn it into a casualty event and have the community practice disaster preparedness and response. It’s not just about nursing education.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。迈阿密大学最新的医院利用电脑化的假病人训练护理专业的学生来获取临床经验。
1．What is special about the new hospital?
A．It has modern services and expert doctors.
B．It is comfortable and patient-friendly.
C．There are plenty of clinics.
D．There are no real patients.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段“The only thing missing is patients. Instead, nursing students get a realistic clinical experience using computerized patients and staff(工作人员) actors.”可知，医院利用电脑化的假病人与扮演工作人员的演员来训练学生。
2．What did the 2014 study show?
A．Simulation was used in most colleges.
B．Simulation could help students get job chances.
C．Simulation could avoid some unfavorable results.
D．Simulation increased the risks of patients and students.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的“colleges could use simulation to replace up to half of all clinical experience without any bad results”可知，使用模拟情景训练学生可以避免不好的结果。
3．What do we know about UM’s simulation program?
A．Only unusual conditions can be provided for students.
B．Students can be trained in a safe environment.
C．Students have chances to act as patients.
D．It mainly involves outdoor training.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第六段中的“In addition to giving students a safe environment to practice in”可知，模拟训练可以为学生提供一个相对安全的环境。
4．What can be learned from Barroso-Fernandez’s words in the last paragraph?
A．This hospital can be widely used.
B．She was not satisfied with the nursing education.
C．This hospital is good at dealing with casualty events.
D．She advised companies to put more money into this hospital.
A 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中Barroso-Fernandez所说的话可知，医院可以用来帮助公司试验新药，让社区民众练习灾难准备与应对措施，它的用途不只在于护理教育；由此可推知，这类医院可以广泛用于其他的用途。
B
Will life in the future be better，worse or the same as now? Futurologists(未来学家) predict that life will probably be very different in 2050.
First of all，it seems that TV channels will have disappeared by 2050.A computer will send the program directly to the television.On TV screen appear holograms，which are pictures with certain height，width and depth.We will be able to see，smell and touch the things that we see on television.
Water has become one of our most serious problems.Agriculture is changing and people are growing more fruit and vegetables to export.Demand for water will increase ten times in 2050.Some futurologists predict that water will be the cause of war if we don’t act now.
In transport，cars will run on new fuels and go very fast.A car will have computers to control its speed and there won’t be any accidents.On the other hand，space planes will take people around the earth in about three hours.People will fly from Los Angeles to Tokyo by space plane in just half an hour.
In the field of technology，robots will have replaced people in factories.By 2050，we will see robots everywhere.They do not ask for pay rises or go on strike，and they work 24 hours a day.
Medicine technology will have conquered(征服)many diseases by 2050；we will be able to help blind and deaf people see and hear again.Scientists have discovered how to control genes.They have already produced clones of animals and will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look，how they behave and how much intelligence they have.If you want all this to come true，you should study science and technology hard.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇展望未来的文章，预测了在2050年我们生活上可能出现的几个大的改变。
5．What is the main difference between today’s and 2050’s TV?
A．We can use a computer to turn off the TV set.
B．We can talk with the characters appearing on TV.
C．We can choose whatever we like to see on TV.
D．We can touch the things we see on TV.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文中第二段的We will be able to see，smell and touch the things that we see on television.可知答案。
6．What will be more likely to cause the war in the future?
A．The lack of water.
B．The less farmland.
C．The shortage of robots.
D．The more space planes.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文中第三段的Demand for water will increase ten times in 2050.Some futurologists predict that water will be the cause of war if we don’t act now.可知答案。
7．Which of the following is TRUE about the transport in the future?
A．Robots will control the speed of the car.
B．We can travel around the earth in about three hours.
C．There will be more flights from Los Angeles to Tokyo.
D．Cars can run without any fuel.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文中第四段的On the other hand，space planes will take people around the earth in about three hours.可知答案。
8．From the passage we can infer that by 2050 ________．
A．people will spend less time in studying
B．more and more people needn’t go to school
C．people will have more time to relax or rest
D．no patients will be found in the world
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的By 2050，we will see robots everywhere.They do not ask for pay rises or go on strike，and they work 24 hours a day.可以推知，工作可以让机器人做，人们会有更多的时间来放松和休闲。
七选五
As a parent, you must have a lot of concerns regarding the various skills you would like your child to acquire.Music is one of them.1.________ On the other hand, it is great for a child’s overall development if he or she has an interest in the fine arts.
2．________ It is well known that they stay out of trouble as teenagers and young adults if they have music as a serious interest.The concentration helps them with their grades.Their learning and communication skills are better than those of their peer group.They also develop lots of confidence and self-esteem.
Another advantage of your child learning music becomes obvious only at a later stage.3.________ It can be very beneficial and many top musicians had a very early exposure to music and credit this with their later successes.
You can start when your child is only a baby, by exposing him or her to a wide range of music at home.4.________ And you could sustain (维持) your child’s interest by having the both of you singing together.
Some parents start their children on a musical instrument as early as 3 years of age.This is great if the child is having a good time.It goes without saying that you should not have to drag your child to lessons.You can be sure that nothing productive will come out of it.5.________
If you start your child on music lesson by the age of 5, taking care to encourage her and not to push her, your child will grow up into an accomplished adult with a well-rounded personality.
A．It can have good effects on your child.
B．That is why many people make a selection of music as a career.
C．And your child will have a lifelong dislike of music.
D．Otherwise you’ll completely spoil your child’s future.
E．You could ensure that there is a song or melody playing in the background.
F．There are a couple of advantages of teaching children to play a musical instrument.
G．On the one hand, it can encourage your child’s creativity and natural hobby.
答案：1－5.GFBEC
短文改错
Yesterday, I spent one memorable afternoon with my little friend Tom, which was the child of my neighbors next door. When I reached home after school, I find Tom sitting on the stairs.
Know he had lost his key, and I invited him to my home. He started to do his homework. Meanwhile, I called her mother and told her what had happened. Soon Tom finished all his homework. Since it was still early, I decided play Chinese chess with him so that he wouldn’t feel boring. Tom was very careful and he thought very hard before makes any move. Later, Tom’s mother arrived and thanked me for taking care of her sons. Tom said he had an enjoyable afternoon. In fact, I also felt very happily.
答案：
Yesterday, I spent one memorable afternoon with my little friend Tom, was the child of my neighbors next door. When I reached home after school, I Tom sitting on the stairs.
he had lost his key, I invited him to my home. He started to do his homework. Meanwhile, I called mother and told her what had happened. Soon Tom finished all his homework. Since it was still early, I decided play Chinese chess with him so that he wouldn’t feel . Tom was very careful and he thought very hard before any move. Later, Tom’s mother arrived and thanked me for taking care of her . Tom said he had an enjoyable afternoon. In fact, I also felt very .
课件44张PPT。Unit 3 Science and nature本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1.If I’ve hurt your feelings，it was quite without____________ (目的)．
答案：intention
2．A fresh coat of paint can____________(改变) a room.
答案：transform
3．The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social ____________ (结果，后果)．
答案：consequences
4．We waited for the report of exam with a great deal of ____________ (忧虑)．
答案：anxiety
5．His suggestion has been _____________ (采纳) by people in many parts of the world.
答案：adopted
6．A small baby has no____________(概念) of right and wrong.
答案：concept
单句改错
1．The mother was standing at the gate，anxiously to see her son.____________________
答案：anxiously→anxious
2．They argued him into the adopt of the plan.____________________
答案：adopt→adoption
3．A big fire broke out last night；as the consequence，the house was completely destroyed.____________________
答案：第一个the→a
4．She ever lived in France，and as consequence she speaks French fluently.____________________
答案：consequence前加a或把as改为in
5．Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years，but one thing or another always got in a way.____________________
答案：第二个a→the
完成句子
1．我想出去吃，可(另一方面)我又该努力省钱。
I’d like to eat out，__________________________ I should be trying to save money.
答案：but on the other hand
2．他又迟到了，结果让老板训了一顿。
He came late again；____________________he was scolded by his boss.
答案：as a consequence(result)/in consequence
3．尽管他还是个孩子，他知道做什么事情是正确的。
________________ he was，he knew what was the right thing to do.
答案：Child as/though
4．他离成为一名著名的歌手已经不远了。
He is __________________________ a famous singer.
答案：on the way to becoming
5．劝告朋友要在私下里，赞扬朋友可在人多的场合。
Make suggestions to your friends in private__________________________ in public.
答案：while praise your friends
课文语法填空
With Dolly cloned 1.____________(success) from an adult cell，some other animals have already been created.Some scientists even have the intention 2.____________(clone) humans and they are pushing ahead with research now，3.____________it is not legal in many countries.China has succeeded 4.____________ producing clones of cows and goats.
Just 5.____________the 6.____________(say) goes，“Every coin has two sides.” On the one hand，cloning can produce 7.____________(value) human tissues 8.____________(use) in medical 9.____________(treat)．On the other hand，human cloning causes much anxiety.Some people say if we toy 10.____________nature，we will have to deal with the consequences.
答案：1.successfully 2.to clone 3.although/though
4．in 5.as 6.saying 7.valuable 8.to be used
9．treatment 10.with
A卷
单句语法填空
1．You didn’t intend ____________(be) late.But that’s not the point.
答案：to be
2．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very ____________(anxiety) and disappointed.
答案：anxious
3．The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule ____________(adopt)．
答案：(should) be adopted
4．He stood there without daring to lift his head as a consequence ____________ his wrong action.
答案：of
5．She has made up her mind to transform an attic room ____________ a study.
答案：into
6．This decision could have serious ____________(consequence) for the industry.
答案：consequences
7．The way in which we work has undergone a complete ____________(transform) in the past decade.
答案：transformation
8．Hearing this，tears came to my eyes as I realized what a fool I had been to judge Jim’s father ____________ a failure.
答案：as
9．We are in agreement ____________ their decision.
答案：with
10．She toyed ____________ the idea of becoming an actress.
答案：with
阅读理解
Have you ever wished you could have a clone of yourself to do homework while you hit the skate park or went out with your friends?
Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another.This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two!
You might not believe it，but there are human clones among us right now.They weren’t made in a lab，though: they’re identical twins (同卵双生)，created naturally.
How does one go about making an exact genetic copy of an organism? There are a couple of ways to do this: artificial(人工) embryo twinning and somatic cell nuclear transfer(体细胞核移植)．Artificial embryo twinning is the relatively low-tech version of cloning.Somatic cell nuclear transfer，(SCNT) uses a different approach compared with artificial embryo twinning.This was the method used to create Dolly the sheep.
Let’s say you really want a clone to do your homework.Knowing what you know，do you think this approach would really help you finish your homework...this decade?
A common misconception is that a clone，if created，would magically appear at the same age as the original.This simply isn’t true.You remember that cloning is an alternative way to create an embryo，not a full-grown individual.Therefore，that embryo，once created，must develop exactly the same way as an embryo created by fertilizing an egg cell with a sperm cell (精子)．This will require a surrogate mother and enough time for the cloned embryo to grow and fully develop into an individual.
Are you familiar with the phrase “nature versus nurture”？ Basically，this means that while genetics can help determine personality，environmental influences have a considerable impact on shaping an individual’s physical appearance and personality.For example，do you know any identical twins? They are genetically the same，but do they really look and act exactly alike?
When we hear of cloning successes，we learn about only the few attempts that worked.What we don’t see are the many，many cloning experiments that failed! And even in the successful clones，problems tend to arise later，during the animal’s development to adulthood.
Cloning animals shows us what might happen if we try to clone humans.What have these animals taught us about the risks of cloning?
1．The underlined word “misconception” in Paragraph 6 probably means “________”．
A．belief
B．misunderstanding
C．explanation
D．experience
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文可知，人们往往会认为克隆就是马上能有一个一模一样的你出现，这显然是“误解”。
2．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A．The risks of cloning.
B．The myths of cloning.
C．The definition of cloning.
D．Some issues in cloning.
D 解析：细节理解题。最后两段说的是A项的内容，倒数第四段说的是B项的内容，第二段说的是C项的内容，只有D项的内容没有提及。
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Dolly the sheep was cloned by using SCNT.
B．Identical twins are naturally created human clones.
C．A clone，if created，would magically appear at the same age as the original.
D．Twins are genetically the same，but they don’t really look and act exactly alike.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第一、二句话“A common misconception is that a clone，if created，would magically appear at the same age as the original.This simply isn’t true.”及之后的论述可知。
4．According to the passage，we cannot have a clone to do our homework now because ________．
A．the technology is not so advanced
B．there are many cloning experiments that failed
C．problems may arise later
D．all of the above
D 解析：细节理解题。综合全文，尤其是倒数第二段可知，A、B、C三项都是现在还不能克隆人的原因。
完形填空
Recently I have been reminded of the very unexpected generosity and kindness I once experienced on a hitchhiking (搭便车) trip.
In 1981, I decided to __1__ my girlfriend, who lived in Napier, and __2__ I was short of money, hitchhiking was the only way to go. __3__ Auckland early in the morning, carrying only a small backpack, I set off by bus to the entrance of the Southern Motorway. I soon got __4__. Most were short, but nevertheless I was on my way. I enjoyed the __5__ conversation and was lucky enough to have made some __6__ by dusk.
As I walked along a tree-lined country road, I __7__ where I would spend the night. It was summer and the weather was __8__ so I thought I could sleep under a tree. An elderly gentleman greeted me and asked me where I was __9__， interrupting(打断) my thoughts. I __10__ that I was hoping to get to the next town, “Opotiki.”
“You won’t get there before dark，” he said. “So come with me and we’ll put you up for the __11__．”
Opotiki was a further 25 km away, so I __12__ him to a comfortable, warm house nearby. He introduced me to his wife who was __13__ dinner. They invited me to sit at the __14__ and before long I was enjoying a nice cup of tea followed by a __15__ dinner.
After dinner I was shown to my __16__： an old bus that was parked in the back garden. It had a double bed in it and I had a very __17__ night’s sleep.
In the morning I woke to a cup of tea and a nice hot breakfast. I began saying goodbye and __18__ them for their kindness, when the lady __19__ me a wrapped-up sandwich, saying that it should keep me going until I __20__ Opotiki.
We had a laugh and said goodbye. I have never forgotten their amazing kindness and magnanimity (高尚的行为)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在搭便车旅行途中遇到一位善良的老人，他邀作者留宿过夜，并且给作者提供了丰盛的晚餐。
1．A.find B．visit
C．help D．praise
B 解析：由上下文的描述可知，“我”决定去“看(visit)”女朋友。
2．A.if B．before
C．since D．unless
C 解析：由下文的描述可知，“因为(since)”缺钱，“我”只能搭便车去。
3．A.Leaving B．Passing
C．Entering D．Searching
A 解析：由下文中的I set off by bus可知，“我”一大早就“离开了(Leaving)”奥克兰。
4．A.tickets B．lifts
C．flights D．messages
B 解析：由上文中的hitchhiking可知，“我”很快就“搭到车(got lifts)”。
5．A.private B．short
C．quiet D．friendly
D 解析：由该空前的enjoyed可知，一路上的交谈都很“愉快(friendly)”。
6．A.progress B．connections
C．distance D．mistakes
C 解析：由上文的描述可知，“我”很幸运地在黄昏之前赶了一些“路程(distance)”。
7．A.wondered B．knew
C．imagined D．realized
A 解析：由下文中的I thought I could sleep under a tree可知，“我”“想知道(wondered)”自己晚上该在哪里过夜。
8．A.windy B．dry
C．cloudy D．warm
D 解析：由上文中的summer可知，天气比较“暖和(warm)”。
9．A.working B．heading
C．hiding D．eating
B 解析：由下文中的I was hoping to get to the next town, “Opotiki.”可知，一位老人跟“我”打招呼，问“我”“去(heading)”哪儿。
10．A.replied B．admitted
C．added D．concluded
A 解析：由下文中的Opotiki可知，“我”“回答说(replied)”想到下一个城镇Opotiki。
11．A.week B．day
C．bed D．night
D 解析：由上文中的where I would spend the night以及下文的描述可知，此处指老人邀作者留宿过“夜(night)”。
12．A.led B．followed
C．invited D．showed
B 解析：由下文中的to a comfortable, warm house可知，“我”“跟随(followed)”老人到了附近他温暖舒适的家。
13．A.having B．ordering
C．expecting D．preparing
D 解析：由下文的描述可知，老人的妻子正在“准备(preparing)”晚餐。
14．A.stair B．restaurant
C．table D．computer
C 解析：由下文中的I was enjoying a nice cup of tea可知，他们邀请“我”坐到“餐桌(table)”旁。
15．A.formal B．poor
C．cheap D．hearty
D 解析：由文中的描述可知，老人为作者准备了“丰盛的(hearty)”晚餐。
16．A.room B．home
C．house D．flat
A 解析：由下文中的an old bus和It had a double bed in it可知，饭后，老人把“我”带到“我”的“房间(room)”。
17．A.long B．uneasy
C．difficult D．comfortable
D 解析：由文中的描述可知，“我”睡了一个“舒服的(comfortable)”觉。
18．A.paying B．asking
C．thanking D．forgiving
C 解析：由下文中的for their kindness可知，“我”“感谢(thanking)”两位老人的善意。
19．A.sent B．handed
C．bought D．returned
B 解析：由该空后的a wrapped-up sandwich可知，老人的妻子“递给(handed)”“我”一个打包好的三明治。
20．A.remembered B．covered
C．reached D．recognized
C 解析：由该空前的keep me going可知，此处指三明治应该能支撑“我”“到达(reached)”Opotiki。
B卷
阅读理解
A
The University of Miami’s newest hospital has a six-bed emergency room, operating room, a birthing room and outpatient clinics(诊室)．
The only thing missing is patients. Instead, nursing students get a realistic clinical experience using computerized patients and staff(工作人员) actors.
“Practicing on real people can be a frightening environment, and as our patients may be unwilling to accept treatment when a student walks in，” said Susana Barroso-Fernandez, who oversees UM’s simulation(模拟) program. “We created this environment to allow students to practice and make mistakes and never put a patient or student at risk.”
UM’s Simulation Hospital is part of a growing trend(趋势) of colleges building simulation centers to provide real-life experiences to students. Community colleges and schools also use simulators for emergency medical technician and medical assistant programs.
A 2014 study by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing found that colleges could use simulation to replace up to half of all clinical experience without any bad results. The students scored as well on nursing license exams as those getting most of their experience in hospitals and health care centers. Officials say they think simulation has helped their students achieve nearly perfect passing rates on the exams.
There are major advantages of simulation. In addition to giving students a safe environment to practice in, it also gives students experience with conditions that are rare, but still important for them to know how to deal with.
“The Simulation Hospital will also be used as a training place for people outside of UM，” officials said. “You can bring companies in that want to test new products before they go to market，” Barroso-Fernandez said.“You can work with community partners like police and fire departments. You can take this hospital and turn it into a casualty event and have the community practice disaster preparedness and response. It’s not just about nursing education.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。迈阿密大学最新的医院利用电脑化的假病人训练护理专业的学生来获取临床经验。
1．What is special about the new hospital?
A．It has modern services and expert doctors.
B．It is comfortable and patient-friendly.
C．There are plenty of clinics.
D．There are no real patients.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段“The only thing missing is patients. Instead, nursing students get a realistic clinical experience using computerized patients and staff(工作人员) actors.”可知，医院利用电脑化的假病人与扮演工作人员的演员来训练学生。
2．What did the 2014 study show?
A．Simulation was used in most colleges.
B．Simulation could help students get job chances.
C．Simulation could avoid some unfavorable results.
D．Simulation increased the risks of patients and students.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的“colleges could use simulation to replace up to half of all clinical experience without any bad results”可知，使用模拟情景训练学生可以避免不好的结果。
3．What do we know about UM’s simulation program?
A．Only unusual conditions can be provided for students.
B．Students can be trained in a safe environment.
C．Students have chances to act as patients.
D．It mainly involves outdoor training.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第六段中的“In addition to giving students a safe environment to practice in”可知，模拟训练可以为学生提供一个相对安全的环境。
4．What can be learned from Barroso-Fernandez’s words in the last paragraph?
A．This hospital can be widely used.
B．She was not satisfied with the nursing education.
C．This hospital is good at dealing with casualty events.
D．She advised companies to put more money into this hospital.
A 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中Barroso-Fernandez所说的话可知，医院可以用来帮助公司试验新药，让社区民众练习灾难准备与应对措施，它的用途不只在于护理教育；由此可推知，这类医院可以广泛用于其他的用途。
B
Will life in the future be better，worse or the same as now? Futurologists(未来学家) predict that life will probably be very different in 2050.
First of all，it seems that TV channels will have disappeared by 2050.A computer will send the program directly to the television.On TV screen appear holograms，which are pictures with certain height，width and depth.We will be able to see，smell and touch the things that we see on television.
Water has become one of our most serious problems.Agriculture is changing and people are growing more fruit and vegetables to export.Demand for water will increase ten times in 2050.Some futurologists predict that water will be the cause of war if we don’t act now.
In transport，cars will run on new fuels and go very fast.A car will have computers to control its speed and there won’t be any accidents.On the other hand，space planes will take people around the earth in about three hours.People will fly from Los Angeles to Tokyo by space plane in just half an hour.
In the field of technology，robots will have replaced people in factories.By 2050，we will see robots everywhere.They do not ask for pay rises or go on strike，and they work 24 hours a day.
Medicine technology will have conquered(征服)many diseases by 2050；we will be able to help blind and deaf people see and hear again.Scientists have discovered how to control genes.They have already produced clones of animals and will be able to produce clones of people and decide how they look，how they behave and how much intelligence they have.If you want all this to come true，you should study science and technology hard.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇展望未来的文章，预测了在2050年我们生活上可能出现的几个大的改变。
5．What is the main difference between today’s and 2050’s TV?
A．We can use a computer to turn off the TV set.
B．We can talk with the characters appearing on TV.
C．We can choose whatever we like to see on TV.
D．We can touch the things we see on TV.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文中第二段的We will be able to see，smell and touch the things that we see on television.可知答案。
6．What will be more likely to cause the war in the future?
A．The lack of water.
B．The less farmland.
C．The shortage of robots.
D．The more space planes.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文中第三段的Demand for water will increase ten times in 2050.Some futurologists predict that water will be the cause of war if we don’t act now.可知答案。
7．Which of the following is TRUE about the transport in the future?
A．Robots will control the speed of the car.
B．We can travel around the earth in about three hours.
C．There will be more flights from Los Angeles to Tokyo.
D．Cars can run without any fuel.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文中第四段的On the other hand，space planes will take people around the earth in about three hours.可知答案。
8．From the passage we can infer that by 2050 ________．
A．people will spend less time in studying
B．more and more people needn’t go to school
C．people will have more time to relax or rest
D．no patients will be found in the world
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的By 2050，we will see robots everywhere.They do not ask for pay rises or go on strike，and they work 24 hours a day.可以推知，工作可以让机器人做，人们会有更多的时间来放松和休闲。
七选五
As a parent, you must have a lot of concerns regarding the various skills you would like your child to acquire.Music is one of them.1.________ On the other hand, it is great for a child’s overall development if he or she has an interest in the fine arts.
2．________ It is well known that they stay out of trouble as teenagers and young adults if they have music as a serious interest.The concentration helps them with their grades.Their learning and communication skills are better than those of their peer group.They also develop lots of confidence and self-esteem.
Another advantage of your child learning music becomes obvious only at a later stage.3.________ It can be very beneficial and many top musicians had a very early exposure to music and credit this with their later successes.
You can start when your child is only a baby, by exposing him or her to a wide range of music at home.4.________ And you could sustain (维持) your child’s interest by having the both of you singing together.
Some parents start their children on a musical instrument as early as 3 years of age.This is great if the child is having a good time.It goes without saying that you should not have to drag your child to lessons.You can be sure that nothing productive will come out of it.5.________
If you start your child on music lesson by the age of 5, taking care to encourage her and not to push her, your child will grow up into an accomplished adult with a well-rounded personality.
A．It can have good effects on your child.
B．That is why many people make a selection of music as a career.
C．And your child will have a lifelong dislike of music.
D．Otherwise you’ll completely spoil your child’s future.
E．You could ensure that there is a song or melody playing in the background.
F．There are a couple of advantages of teaching children to play a musical instrument.
G．On the one hand, it can encourage your child’s creativity and natural hobby.
答案：1－5.GFBEC
短文改错
Yesterday, I spent one memorable afternoon with my little friend Tom, which was the child of my neighbors next door. When I reached home after school, I find Tom sitting on the stairs.
Know he had lost his key, and I invited him to my home. He started to do his homework. Meanwhile, I called her mother and told her what had happened. Soon Tom finished all his homework. Since it was still early, I decided play Chinese chess with him so that he wouldn’t feel boring. Tom was very careful and he thought very hard before makes any move. Later, Tom’s mother arrived and thanked me for taking care of her sons. Tom said he had an enjoyable afternoon. In fact, I also felt very happily.
答案：
Yesterday, I spent one memorable afternoon with my little friend Tom, was the child of my neighbors next door. When I reached home after school, I Tom sitting on the stairs.
he had lost his key, I invited him to my home. He started to do his homework. Meanwhile, I called mother and told her what had happened. Soon Tom finished all his homework. Since it was still early, I decided play Chinese chess with him so that he wouldn’t feel . Tom was very careful and he thought very hard before any move. Later, Tom’s mother arrived and thanked me for taking care of her . Tom said he had an enjoyable afternoon. In fact, I also felt very .
Section Ⅲ Word power，Task & Project
1．profession n． 职业，行业
2．conduct vt. 实施；指挥乐队
3．majority n. 多数，大多数
4．summary n. 总结；概括，概要
5．ordinary adj. 普通的，一般的
6．actual adj. 真实的，实际的
7．confirm vt.& vi. 证实，证明；确认；使确信
8．profit n. 利润，收益
vi.& vt. 获益；对……有用
9．original adj. 原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的→origin n．起源；出身→ originally adv. 原本；起初；独创地
10．judgement n. 判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决→judge n．法官；裁判 v．判断；审判；批评
11．relation n. 关系；亲戚→relationship n．关系；亲属关系 →relative adj.相对的；相关的 n．亲戚
12．consideration n. 仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及→consider v．考虑；认为；体谅
13．reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的→rely vi. 依靠；信任
14．accurate adj. 准确的，精确的→accuracy n. 准确(性)；精确度 →accurately adv. 准确地；精确地
15．brief adj. 短时间的，短暂的；简洁的，简单的→briefly adv.简短地；简单地
16．favour n. 赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒→favourite adj.最喜爱的 n．最受喜爱的人(或物)
17．frighten vt. 使惊吓，使惊恐→frightened adj.受惊的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的；令人害怕的
18．permission n. 准许，许可，批准→permit n．许可证；执照 v．允许；许可
1．figure_out 计算出；理解，弄清楚
2．the_other_day 几天前，那天
3．be/get_burnt_out 耗尽体力，累垮
4．follow_in_one’s_footsteps 效仿某人
5．take...into_consideration 认真考虑
6．in_summary 总之，总的来说，概括地说
7．in_favour_of 赞同，支持
8．point_of_view 观点
9．meet_one’s_needs 满足某人的需要
10．be_cautious_about/with 对……谨慎小心
1．“否定词＋比较级”形式表示最高级的意义
Nowhere_is_this_truer_than_with genetically modified (GM)food.
转基因食品就是最好的例子。
2．rather than连接两个平行结构
Research has been limited to increasing production profits，rather_than_making_sure that GM foods are safe.
(目前的)研究仅局限于增加产品收益，而不是确保转基因食品的安全。
3．“would rather＋动词原形”意为“宁愿……”
Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe，many countries have hesitated to give permission for the pro-duction of GM foods，as they would_rather_be_cautious_with this new technology.
由于没有人真正地知道转基因食品是否安全，许多国家在是否允许生产转基因食品的问题上犹豫不决，因为他们宁愿在这项新技术上更小心谨慎一些。
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．People have harmed nature through all of the following activities EXCEPT ________．
A．fishing B．agriculture
C．tourism D．breathing
2．According to this passage all of the following statements are true EXCEPT that ________．
A．building new channels in the sea will do harm to the Earth
B．building factories on the land will further damage the Earth
C．building more roads will destroy the Earth
D．creating pollution with chemical waste will harm the Earth
3．A clean environment will benefit us all if ________．
A．development is stopped in favour of nature
B．all nations are concerned about saving nature
C．natural resources are used up
D．we use nature to meet our own needs
4．Which statement about poorer nations is FALSE according to the passage?
A．Poorer nations must focus on meeting the everyday needs of their people.
B．Poorer nations are using up natural resources at a fast pace.
C．Poorer nations have not seen the effects of the careless use of the environment.
D．Poorer nations have realized the choices they make are bad for the environment.
答案：1－4.DCBD
Man and nature
For a long time，our environment has been damaged because humans have been careless.People have harmed nature through agriculture①，fishing，hunting and tourism.We further② damage the Earth by building new channels③ in the sea and factories on the land，and by creating pollution with chemical waste.We will some day destroy the planet we live on④ if we continue in this way⑤.
However，if we focus only on⑥ conservation，then people may suffer⑦.Not everything that is best for nature is good for people⑧.Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of⑨ nature? From the point of view⑩ of some people，we are only doing what humans have always done，using nature to meet our own needs?.Other people argue that such thinking may cause a catastrophe?，unless we start to look around and understand how a clean environment benefits? us all.
①agriculture['?ɡrIk?lt??(r)] n．农业
agricultural adj.农业的
②further adv.进一步；更远地；而且，此外
③channel['t??nl]n.水道；航道；隧道
④we live on 为定语从句，修饰先行词the planet，从句中省略了作宾语的关系代词that或which。
⑤in this way 用这种方式
⑥focus on 关注
⑦suffer v．受苦；遭受
⑧not everything...“并非任何事情……”，表示部分否定；that引导定语从句，修饰everything。
⑨favour['feIv?(r)]n.赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒
in favour of 赞同，支持
⑩point of view n．观点
?meet one’s needs 满足某人的需求
?catastrophe[k?'t?str?fI]n.灾难，灾祸
?benefit v．对……有益 benefit from得益于
人类与自然
长期以来，由于人类的漠不关心，我们的环境遭到了破坏。人类通过农业、渔业、狩猎以及旅游业已经损害了自然。我们在海里修建新的隧道，在陆地上建造工厂，产生的化学废物污染环境，这些都在变本加厉地破坏地球。如果我们继续这样做，总有一天我们会毁掉我们赖以生存的星球。
然而，如果我们只关注保护自然，那么人类就要受苦。并非一切对自然最好的对人类也是好的。会有人说为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗？根据有些人的观点，我们只是在做人类一直在做的事情——利用自然来满足我们自己的需求。其他人则争辩说，这样的想法可能会引起灾难，除非我们开始关注周围的环境，懂得清洁的环境如何对我们大家有益。
After decades of destroying nature and using up? natural resources?，many developed nations? are now concerned about? saving nature rather than? developing or destroying it.However，many poorer nations must focus on meeting the everyday needs of their people.In doing so?，they are using up natural resources at a fast pace?.They have not yet seen the effects of the careless use of the environment like many wealthy nations haveB21.Often they do not realize that the choices they make are bad forB22 the environment.Should they be blamed forB23 destroying hundreds of thousands of acresB24 of rainforestB25if it meansB26 a better incomeB27 for their peopleB28？The developed and developing countries of the world need to work together to make sureB29 that people enjoy healthy and happy lives, without the environment around them sufferingB30.
?use up 用尽
?resource[rI's??s]n.资源
?developed nations/countries发达国家
?be concerned about 关心；关注
?rather than 而不是，连接两个并列的动名词短语。
?in doing so 为实现这一目标
?at a fast pace 以飞快的速度
have后面省略了seen。
be bad for 对……有害
be blamed for 因……而受责备
acre ['eIk?(r)] n．英亩
rainforest ['reInf?rIst] n．雨林
mean v．产生……结果；意味着
income['Ink?m]n.收入，收益
if引导条件状语从句。
make sure确保
动词不定式短语作目的状语；without...为without的复合结构。
在数十年破坏自然、用尽自然资源之后，许多发达国家现在关注拯救自然而不是开发或破坏自然。但是，许多贫穷国家必须致力于满足其人民的日常需求。为了实现这一目标，他们正在飞速消耗自然资源。他们还没有像许多富裕国家那样，认识到随心所欲消耗自然资源的后果。他们往往没有意识到他们的选择对环境有害。如果他们毁掉了几十万英亩的雨林，却使他们的人民有了更好的收入，他们是否应该受到责备呢？全世界的发达国家和发展中国家需要通力合作以确保人们过上健康、幸福的生活，同时又不损害其周边的环境。
It should not be a question of humans winning and nature losing.Humans can only really win by protecting nature.After allB31，food has to be produced in a healthy，natural system，and we all need clean air to breathe and pure water to drinkB32.It is mankind’s responsibility to find answers that are good forB33 everyone，and everythingB34.
after all 毕竟；终究
动词不定式to breathe，to drink 均作定语，分别修饰clean air，pure water。
be good for 对……有益
it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to find answers...为真正的主语；that引导定语从句，修饰answers。
这不应该是人类获胜、自然失败的问题。人类只有通过保护自然才能真正获胜。毕竟，粮食必须在健康自然的系统中生产，我们都需要呼吸干净的空气，饮用纯净的水。找到对每个人、对万物皆有利的解决方案是人类的责任。
GM food：hope or danger?
In recent years，there has been great progress in the study of genetics①.With this progress，doors have been opened up to technologies that never existed before②.While many people are excited about these new technologies，these same technologies frighten③ others.Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified④ (GM) food⑤.
There are two ways in which a plant or an animal can be genetically modified⑥.First，new material can be inserted⑦ into its DNA⑧ to give the plant or animal qualities which it would never have in nature⑨.Second，material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or an animal in order to remove⑩ qualities which are not desired.
①genetics[d??'netIks]n.遗传学
②that 引导定语从句，修饰technologies。
③frighten['fraItn]vt.使惊吓，使惊恐
④genetically modified 转基因的
genetically[d??'netIklI]adv.从基因上，与基因有关
modify['m?dIfaI]vt.调整，修改；修饰
⑤nowhere 位于句首，句子用倒装语序。
⑥in which 引导定语从句，修饰ways。
⑦insert[In's??t]vt. 插入，嵌入
insert...in/into/between...把……插入……之中
⑧DNA[?di?en'eI]n.脱氧核糖核酸
⑨动词不定式短语作目的状语；其中which引导定语从句，修饰qualities。
⑩in order to remove...作目的状语。
转基因食品：是希望还是威胁？
近年来，遗传学研究有了巨大的进步。由于这个进步，通向前所未有的科技的大门打开了。尽管许多人对这些新技术兴奋不已，而同样的技术也让另外一些人感到害怕。转基因食品就是最好的例子。
可以通过两种方法改变动植物基因。第一种方法是在动植物原有的DNA中插入新的物质，这样可以让动物或植物具有本质上没有的特性。第二种方法是移除动植物DNA中原有的物质，这样可以去除掉动植物原本具有的但人们不想要的一些特性。
One aim of GM research is to produce food which will make us healthier?.So far，this technology has been used to produce plants which are better able to defend themselves against? pests? and disease?.Supporters of GM food argue that GM plants are healthier and have larger harvests.While there has been research in GM animals such as? pigs?，no GM meat is being sold at present?.
Many questions have been raised? about GM food.No one really knows whether it is safe for animals or humans to eat?.Scientists admit that more tests should be done on GM food.Research has been limited to? increasing production profitsB21，rather thanB22 making sure that GM foods are safe.GM food could therefore be dangerous to eat.
?动词不定式短语作表语；which 引导定语从句，修饰food；
make us healthier 为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
?defend...against...保护……不受……侵犯
?pest[pest]n.害虫
?which 引导定语从句，修饰plants。
?such as例如，其后不用逗号。
?while 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
?at present 目前，现在
?raise vt.提出
?whether 引导的从句作knows的宾语。
?be limited to 局限于……
profit['pr?fIt]n.利润，收益 vi.&vt.获益；对……有用
rather than 而不是 would rather 宁愿
转基因研究的一个目的就是生产可以让我们更加健康的食品。到目前为止，这项技术已被用于生产能更好地抵御害虫和疾病的植物。转基因食品的支持者认为转基因植物更加健康，产量也更高。虽然现在也有转基因动物研究，如对猪的研究，但目前还没有转基因肉类销售。
人们提出了许多关于转基因食品的问题。没有人真正知道转基因食品是否可供动物或人类安全食用。科学家承认应该对转基因食品做更多的测试。(目前的)研究仅局限于增加产品收益，而不是确保转基因食品的安全。因此食用转基因食品有可能是危险的。
There is also a question as toB23 whether GM plants are safe for the environmentB24.Since GM crops are planted outsideB25，they are part of the food chainB26 —insects and other animals eat them or use their products, and these insects and animals will be eaten by yet other animals.No one knows what effects the GM material might have onB27 the food chainB28.
Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe，many countries have hesitated to giveB29 permissionB30 for the production of GM foods, as they would rather be cautious with this new technologyB31.
as to 至于 as for 至于，就……而言
whether 引导的从句作 as to的宾语。
since引导原因状语从句。
food chain n．食物链
chain[t?eIn]n.一系列；一连串(人或事)
have an effect on 对……有影响
what引导宾语从句。
hesitate to do sth.犹豫做某事
permission[p?'mI?n]n.准许，许可，批准
as引导原因状语从句。as引导原因状语从句时，表示比较明显或双方已知的原因，放在主句前、后均可。
还有一个问题是转基因植物对环境是否是安全的。因为转基因作物生长在户外，因而它们成为食物链的一部分——昆虫以及其他动物会吃这些作物或者它们的果实，而这些昆虫和动物又会被其他动物吃掉。没有人知道转基因物质会给食物链带来什么影响。
由于没有人真正地知道转基因食品是否安全，许多国家在是否允许生产转基因食品的问题上犹豫不决，因为他们宁愿在这项新技术上更小心谨慎一些。
judgement n．判断；判断力；判决；看法，评价
(教材P49)I think we should be cautious and use good judgement when making decisions about cloning.
我认为在做出有关克隆的决定时，我们应该谨慎并且充分使用我们的判断力。
(1)make a judgement on... 对……作出判断
in one’s judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法
(2)judge n. 法官，裁判
v. 判断；判决
judging from/by... 由……判断(是现在分词短语，
通常在句中作独立状语)
①The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to check our claims, and to judge our actions. 网络使我们能够与很多其他人交换想法来检查我们的主张、判断我们的行为。
②Judging(judge) by/from the response of the audience, the performance was quite a success.
从观众的反应看来，这次演出相当成功。
③As the saying goes，“we should never judge a person by/from his looks.”
常言道，我们不能以貌取人。
be/get burnt out 耗尽体力，累垮；烧尽
(教材P51)I’m totally burnt out. 我完全累垮了。
burn...to the ground 把……烧成平地
burn down 烧毁，把……渐渐烧光
burn oneself out (使)耗尽，(使)筋疲力尽
①Paul is burnt out from years of overworking and stress.保罗因多年的过度辛苦和压力而累垮了。
②The house was burnt to the ground.
房子渐渐被烧成平地。
③You’ll burn_yourself_out if you work so hard.
如果你工作如此拼命的话，你的身体会累垮的。
relation n．关系；亲戚
(经典例句)In dealing with public relations，we should make every effort to avoid quarrelling with others.
在处理公共关系方面，我们应当尽力避免与别人争吵。
(1)in/with relation to 关于；涉及；与……相比
have (no) relation to 与……有(无)关
the relation between...and... ……与……的关系
(2)relate v. 叙述；使有关联；涉及
be related to 与……有关系
relate...to/with... 把……与……联系起来
①The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War.
这本书主要讲述的是冷战时期的苏美关系。
②Your answer has_no_relation_to the question.
你答非所问。
③I have a lot to say in_relation_to that affair.
关于那件事，我有好多话要说。
④For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.
对于寻求冒险的人来说，与快乐相关的大脑部分变得积极，而对于我们来说，与害怕相关的大脑部分变得积极。
[巧学活用]——用高级句式改写句子
The miner is suffering from a disease.This disease is related to his work in the mine.
(1)用定语从句改写
The miner is suffering from a disease which_is_related_to_his_work_in_the_mine．
(2)用过去分词短语作定语改写
The miner is suffering from a disease related_to_his_work_in_the_mine．
follow in one’s footsteps 效仿某人
(教材P56) ...but this does not mean that we should follow in their footsteps.
……但这不意味着我们要效仿他们。
as follows 如下(用以列举事项)
follow sb.’s example 仿效某人的做法，按照某
人的决定行事
follow one’s advice 接受某人的建议
①He is a doctor and expects his son to follow in his footsteps.
他是一位医生并且盼望他的儿子能子承父业。
②Follow_your_doctor’s_advice and you will get better soon.
听从医生的建议，你很快就会好起来的。
③My questions are as follows: How did it come into being? How and when do people celebrate it?
我的问题有以下几点：它是怎样形成的？人们何时庆祝、怎样庆祝它(这个节日)?
conduct v．实施；指挥乐队 n．行为；品行
(教材P56)I am sure that if you conducted a survey among UK citizens，it would show that the majority of people would not support this type of scientific research.
我确信如果你在英国公民中进行一项调查，结果会表明大多数人不会支持这种类型的科学研究。
(1)conduct a survey/an experiment/an inquiry 进行调查/实验/询问
conduct oneself badly/well 行为举止坏/好
(2)a man of good conduct 品行端正的人
conductor n. 指挥；售票员
①To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.
为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你看一看2012年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。
②Morals should be in a high standard；conducting (conduct) oneself in society should be in an upright manner；behaving oneself should be in a courteous way.
品德，应该高尚些；处世，应该坦率些；举止，应该礼貌些。
majority n．[C]多数，大多数
(教材P56) ...the majority of people would not support this type of scientific research.
……大多数人不会支持这种类型的科学研究。
a/the majority of ＋不可数名词＋单数谓语
a/the majority of ＋集体名词＋单数谓语(强调整体)/复数谓语(强调个体)
a/the majority of ＋复数名词＋复数谓语
the majority＋单数/复数谓语动词(由句意而定)
①When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.
当我有不同的观点时，我会选择放弃，尊重大多数人的观点。
②(湖南卷)One-third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are(be) black people.
这个国家三分之一被树所覆盖，但多数居民是黑人。
③A/The majority of people seem(seem) to prefer TV to radio. 大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。
summary n．总结，概要，摘要
adj.概要的，总结性的
(教材P56)In summary，I insist that you take the opinions of the people of the UK into consideration，and end this practice immediately. 总之，我坚持要求你认真考虑英国人民的意见，立即结束这一做法。
(1)give/make a summary 摘要，总结
in summary 总之，总的来说，概括地说
(2)表示“总之”意义的短语还有：
in general；to sum up；in short；in brief；on balance；by and large；all in all；generally speaking
①In summary，the campaign has been a great success.
总之，这次运动取得了巨大的成功。
②I would say，in_summary，this was a disappointing performance.
我认为，总的看来，这场演出令人失望。
take...into consideration 把……考虑在内
(教材P56)In summary，I insist that you take the opinions of the people of the UK into consideration，and end this practice immediately. 总之，我坚持要求你认真考虑英国人民的意见，立即结束这一做法。
(1)take...into consideration＝take...into account 认真考虑，考虑到
under consideration 在考虑中
in consideration of 考虑到，由于
(2)consider sb./sth.as 把……看作
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
consider sb./sth.(to be) ＋adj./n. 认为某人/某物……
①You must take my plan into consideration.
你必须对我的计划加以考虑。
②The Great Wall is considered as/to_be one of the greatest wonders in the world.
长城被公认为是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。
③I think his suggestion deserves consideration/considering/to_be_considered(consider)．
我认为他的建议值得考虑。
④It is time you considered(consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little.
是你考虑“如果在生活中没有压力，你就很难有成就”的时候了。
confirm v．(尤指提供证据来)确认；证实，证明；使确信
(教材P57)Therefore，we cannot confirm that food from cloned animals is really safe for humans to eat.
因此，我们不能肯定来自克隆动物身上的食物可以非常安全地让人类食用。
(1)confirm＋从句 确定/肯定/证实……
It’s confirmed that-clause 确定……
(2)confirmation n. 确认；证实，证明
①We can confirm a room for next Saturday.
我们可以确认下星期六有一个房间。
②It’s confirmed that the railway will extend to our village.
可以确定的是，铁路将延伸到我们村子。
③It_has_been/is_confirmed_that all have passed the math exam.
已经证实所有的人数学考试都及格了。
in favour of 赞成/支持(某人或某事物)；偏爱；
对……有利
(教材P58)Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of nature？
会有人说为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗？
do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb. 帮某人一个忙
ask sb.a favour＝ ask a favour of sb. 请求某人帮忙
in one’s favour 对……有利
No matter what you do，I am in favour of you.
无论你做什么，我支持你。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)从他满意的表情我们得出结论，他支持这项计划。
From his satisfied expression，we came to the conclusion that he was in_favour_of_the_plan．
(2)你能帮我一个忙来支持我们吗？如果这样的话，局势会对我们有利。
Could you do_me_a_favour/do_a_favour_for_me to support us? If so, the situation will be in_our_favour．
(3)——我可以请你帮个忙吗？
—Can I ask_you_a_favour/ask_a_favour_of_you?
——当然可以，说吧！
—Sure, go ahead!
point of view 看法，观点
(教材P58)From the point of view of some people，we are only doing what humans have always done，using nature to meet our own needs.
根据有些人的观点，我们只是在做人类一直在做的事情——利用自然来满足我们自己的需求。
(1)in view 在视野中
in view of 鉴于；考虑到
in one’s view 在某人看来
come into view 看得见
have a good view of 清楚地看到；饱览
(2)view...as... 把……看作……
①From a social point of view, his experience is also interesting.
从社会角度来看，他的经验也很有意思。
②In view of the present situation，we’ll have to change our original plan.
基于目前这种情况，我们不得不改变原来的计划。
③Last year I saw you off when flowers were in bloom；this year blossoms have come but you are not in_view.
去年花里逢君别，今日花开难见君。
④We went up to the top of the hill，from where we had a good view of the whole city.
我们爬到山顶，在那儿我们可以一览整个城市的风景。
frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐
(教材P59)While many people are excited about these new technologies，these same technologies frighten others.
尽管许多人对这些新技术感到兴奋不已，而同样的技术也让另外一些人感到害怕。
(1)frighten sb.into doing 恐吓某人做……
frighten sb.to death 使某人吓得要死
frighten sb./sth.away/off 将某人/某物吓跑
(2)fright n. 惊吓
(3)frightening adj. 令人害怕的
frightened adj. 感到害怕的
be frightened with 对……感到害怕
①A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed. 急刹车会是一个可怕的经历，尤其是如果你正在高速前行。
②Mother’s calm attitude made the frightened(fright) child quiet. 母亲沉着的态度使那受惊的孩子安静下来。
③The child was frightened to death by the violent thunderstorm. 那个孩子被暴风雨吓得要死。
④Nothing can frighten him into losing his poise.
没有什么能把他吓得失去镇定。
[巧学活用]——用frighten的适当形式完成小片段
Mary was too frightened to tell her family the frightening scene because it frightened her to death.Whenever she thought of it，she was trembling with fright．
permission n．准许，许可，批准
(教材P59)Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe，many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of GM foods，as they would rather be cautious with this new technology.
由于没有人真正地知道转基因食品是否安全，许多国家在是否允许生产转基因食品的问题上犹豫不决，因为他们宁愿在这项新技术上更小心谨慎一些。
(1)without permission 未经允许
(2)permit v. 允许；许可
permit sb.(not) to do sth. 允许某人(不)做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
①Father promised me to buy a new bike but he didn’t permit me to do it myself.
父亲答应我买一辆新自行车，但他不允许我自己去买。
②With your permission(permit)，I will carry out the project as soon as possible.
如果你同意的话，我将尽快开展这项计划。
③You must ask permission(permit) if you want to leave early.
如果你想早走的话，必须得到允许。
(教材P58)Other people argue that such thinking may cause a catastrophe，unless we start to look around and understand how a clean environment benefits us all.
其他人则争辩说，这样的想法可能会引起灾难，除非我们开始关注周围的环境，懂得清洁的环境如何对我们大家有益。
(1)unless 是从属连词，意为“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句，含有否定意义，相当于if引导的状语从句的否定形式，即unless＝ if not。
(2)unless 和if 引导条件状语从句和其他的时间状语从句一样，用一般现在时代替将来时。
(3)unless和if...not 意思相近，常可通用，但unless 不能用于虚拟语气。
①It is known to all that unless you exercise regularly，you won’t keep fit.
众所周知，你如果不进行有规律的锻炼，身体就不会健康。
②Unless you study hard, you won’t succeed.
＝If you don’t study hard, you won’t succeed.
除非你努力学习，否则你不会成功。
③We’ll hold the school sports meet this weekend unless it rains.＝We’ll hold the school sports meet this weekend if it doesn’t rain.
本周末我们要举行学校运动会，除非下雨。
(教材P58)It is mankind’s responsibility to find answers that are good for everyone，and everything.
找到对每个人、对万物皆有利的解决方案是人类的责任。
本句中it作形式主语，代替后面的to find answers that are good for everyone，and everything。it代替不定式短语常用于下列句型中：
It＋be＋形容词＋(for/of sb.)to do sth.
It＋be＋名词＋to do sth.
It takes sb.some time to do sth. 干……花了某人……时间。
It’s up to sb.to do sth. 干……是某人的职责或义务。
①It depends on our effort to achieve success.
要想取得成功，这取决于我们的努力。
②It is not right to_use(use) these places as rubbish dumps.
把这些地方当作垃圾场是不对的。
③It_is_our_responsibility_to help those in need.
帮助那些有困难的人是我们的责任。
it还可以代替动名词短语或主语从句：
(1)it代替动名词短语：动名词作主语后置的情况远不及不定式那么普遍，常限于no good，no use，useless，waste等词的后面；
(2)it代替主语从句：这个主语从句可以用连词that引导，也可以用连接代词或连接副词引导。
(教材P59)Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified(GM) food.
转基因食品就是最好的例子。
nowhere...truer than...是“否定词＋比较级”形式表示最高级的意思。表示最高级的几种特殊结构：
(1)nothing(或no)＋so＋原级＋as.../nothing(或no)＋比较级＋than...
(2)never＋比较级
(3)比较级＋than＋
(4)none＋比较级
(5)can/could＋never/not＋too...
①No one in my class works harder than Jack.
我们班没有人比杰克更用功。
②You can_never_be_too_careful．
你再怎么小心也不为过。
③I stood by my window overlooking the parking lot，having nothing_better to do.
我站在窗户旁看着停车场，没有什么比这更值得做的了。
品句填词
1．Use your good ____________(判断) before you decide.
答案：judgement
2．The ____________ (多数) of students find it hard to accept the new theory.
答案：majority
3．From his ____________(害怕的) look，I guess he must have found something horrible.
答案：frightened
4．No one is to leave the building without my ____________(允许)．
答案：permission
5．Please reenter your password to____________(确认) it is correct.
答案：confirm
6．He envies her the position she has achieved in her ____________(职业)．
答案：profession
单句改错
1．I’d say she is pretty rich, judge from her clothes.____________________
答案：judge→judging
2．The project，conducting by our headmaster，has won the students’ support.____________________
答案：conducting→conducted
3．There was frost on the ground，confirmed that fall had arrived in Canada.____________________
答案：confirmed→confirming
4．This frighten boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.____________________
答案：frighten→frightened
5．We view the holiday for a time for recreation，but she has a different idea.____________________
答案：第一个for→as
完成句子
1．就我个人而言，这部电影糟糕透顶。
As far as I’m concerned，this film ____________．
答案：couldn’t be worse
2．朱丽叶是她班上最高的。(一句多译)
①________________________________________________________________________
②________________________________________________________________________
③________________________________________________________________________
答案：①Julia is the tallest student in her class.②Julia is taller than any other student/all the other students/anyone else in her class.③No one can be taller than Julia in her class.
3．和他谈这事没有用。
______________________with him about it.
答案：It is no use talking
4．她能否来还很难说。
______________________she will be able to come.
答案：It is doubtful whether
5．他不会吃任何东西，除非是他自己做的。
He wouldn’t eat anything __________he cooked it himself.
答案：unless
课文语篇改错
GM food：hope or danger?
There has been great progress in the study of genetics.Doors have opened up to technologies that never existed ago.There are two ways in that a plant or an animal can be genetically modified.First，new material can be inserted into it’s DNA to give the plant or animal qualities which they would never have in nature.Second，material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or the animal in order to remove qualities in which are not desired.One aim of GM research is to produce food which will make us healthier.GM plants has larger harvests.No one really knows whether it is safety for animals or humans to eat.No one knows that effects the GM material might have on the food chain.
答案：
GM food：hope or danger?
There has been great progress in the study of genetics.Doors have opened up to technologies that never existed .There are two ways in a plant or an animal can be genetically modified.First，new material can be inserted into DNA to give the plant or animal qualities which would never have in nature.Second，material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or animal in order to remove qualities which are not desired.One aim of GM research is to produce food which will make us healthier.GM plants larger harvests.No one really knows whether it is for animals or humans to eat.No one knows effects the GM material might have on the food chain.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．The court has yet to pass ____________ (judge) in this case.
答案：judgement
2．Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease，she acted as if nothing had happened to her while facing her friends and ____________ (relate)．
答案：relations
3．The research，____________(conduct) by St.George University，shows that different parents have different approaches to these problems.
答案：conducted
4．The number of students in our class is more than 50 and the majority of them ____________ (be) from the countryside.
答案：are
5．The possibility that the ____________ (major) of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.
答案：majority
6．After all，spotting tigers merely ____________(confirm) their beauty；tracking them can make you aware of something more.
答案：confirms
7．—He looks so frightening and the kids are really scared.
—He often uses that ____________ (frighten) look to frighten them.
答案：frightening
8．No person shall enter the area without official ____________ (permit)．
答案：permission
9．Do you remember the first time you ____________ (talk) with a foreigner?
答案：talked
10．Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ____________ (much) popular.
答案：more
阅读理解
A
When a person’s heart stops, there are only seconds to act. If performed effectively, CPR can keep a person alive until medical help arrives. In some areas medical help may take more than 10 minutes to arrive. Every minute counts and can mean the difference in life or death. Also, CPR is most effective when it is given without being stopped. Unfortunately, in some situations, it can be difficult or nearly impossible for first responders to continue CPR as a person is being taken from a building or other areas with difficult land.
But CPR devices can help solve these problems. They can automatically(自动地) deliver CPR strokes(打击动作) to continue blood movement around bodies and oxygen supply of unresponsive injured persons. One such automatic CPR device, called the AutoPulse, increased the survival rate of patients in need of CPR by 3.6%. The device provides compression strokes by rapidly inflating(使充气) and deflating a bag. The device is battery-operated and can perform CPR for over 10 minutes. The device could save thousands of lives every year.
The AutoPulse is specifically designed to help medical staff and other first responders continue CPR in areas where CPR operated by hands is nearly impossible. According to Zoll, one of the creators of the AutoPulse, their device can provide better CPR compression strokes than first responders in difficult situations.
With a little training, first responders are able to set up the AutoPulse in just 14 seconds. Zoll reports their device also has a lower rate of being stopped in 85% of the cases in comparison to CPR that people perform using hands.
The AutoPulse has been reported many times in life-saving events. Although the device appears to lead to good results, some first responders do not want to use the AutoPulse over the fear of a failure and the expense of one unit—about US$10，000 per unit. The AutoPulse and other automated CPR machines will still need a lot more convincing evidence before the medical community will largely accept the devices.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍一款自动心肺复苏设备：AutoPulse。
1．What’s the shortcoming of CPR provided by humans according to Paragraph 1?
A．It needs certain conditions.
B．It requires a long-time preparation.
C．It is assisted by complex medical devices.
D．It is only performed by professional medical staff.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Unfortunately, in some...difficult land.”可推断，人工心肺复苏需要一定的条件。
2．According to the creator of the AutoPulse, the device ________．
A．is less easily disturbed than humans
B．is designed for hospitals rather than individuals
C．cannot really replace first responders to do CPR
D．cannot do a better job than humans in difficult situations
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“...has a lower rate of being stopped in 85% of the cases in comparison to CPR...”可知，自动心肺复苏设备较人工心肺复苏来说不容易被打断。
3．What is a disadvantage of the AutoPulse?
A．It fails to perform well frequently.
B．It is not convenient to carry around.
C．It needs a lot of training before use.
D．It is unaffordable for potential users.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中“...some first...US $10，000 per unit.”可知，其缺点是价格太昂贵了。
4．What’s this passage mainly about?
A．The importance of learning CPR.
B．The conditions of operating CPR.
C．A comparison of traditional and modern CPR.
D．An introduction to an automatic CPR machine.
D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文旨在介绍一款自动心肺复苏设备。
B
After having more than a few acquaintances(相识的人) online，it might come a blow to keen social networkers like Barack Obama，or even Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg himself.
According to a research，the average person has in fact twice as many online friends as physical ones.Users of social-networking sites have on average 121 online friends as compared with physical ones.The study also claims that people tend to be more open，confident and honest with their virtual friends than their “real” ones.
“For most people，the Internet is a way of keeping in touch with loved ones and friends，but for people who are isolated(隔离的) due to illness，it plays a more vital role，and can often act as a lifeline，” says Helen Oxley，a psychologist at Wythenshawe hospital.
“People with illnesses often rely on the Internet to facilitate(促进) friendships，since they blog and use networking sites as a way of dealing with their illness.It can foster(培养) a sense of social connection for those who frequently feel isolated，which is important to psychological well-being.”
In wider society，the ways in which friendships are formed are changing，with people recognizing that they can develop deep and meaningful connections with others that they’ve never met，and may never meet.About one in 10 people has either met their best friends online，or believes they can make lifelong friends on the Web.
The findings highlight how social introductions are also changing.Only five percent would ask for someone’s phone number，while 23 percent are now likely to ask for an email address or a full name with the intention of adding the person to their social network.
At the same time，however，a questionnaire completed by 4，427 suggests that 20 percent of parents believe their children’s education is affected by surfing the Net.They think their children are doing poorly at the school due to the amount of time they spend on non-educational websites.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了现在的人们更相信虚拟的朋友，更有甚者将虚拟朋友当成了终身朋友，还叙述了家长们因害怕孩子受到网络的不良影响不愿意让孩子接触网络。
5．The underlined word “it” in Para.1 most probably refers to ________．
A．people spending too much time surfing the Net
B．people relying on the Internet to connect with friend
C．people having more online friends than real ones
D．people making meaningful connections with strangers
C 解析：代词指代题。根据前文After having more than a few acquaintances (相识的人) online可知，应是指虚拟的朋友比真正的朋友还多这件事。
6．We can infer from the text that________．
A．sick people can recover more quickly by surfing the Net
B．students get important information online
C．students who surf the Net always perform not so well
D．people tend to trust their virtual friends more than their real ones
D 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，并根据文章的第五、六段和第二段的关键句The study also claims that people tend to be more open，confident and honest with their virtual friends than their “real” ones.可知答案。
7．What percentage of parents believe that the Internet has a bad effect on their children?
A．About 5 percent.
B．About 10 percent.
C．About 20 percent.
D．About 23 percent.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的At the same time，however，a questionnaire completed by 4，427 suggests that 20 percent of parents believe their children’s education is affected by surfing the Net.可知答案。
语法填空
Last week I had a holiday from work, but 1.____________(unfortunate) none of my friends had the same week off. I decided that I still wanted to do something, so I booked a train ride to Toronto and reserved a bed in a hostel for one week.
One week by myself! Would I be bored? Quite 2.____________ opposite! I was able to do whatever I wanted. I spent hours in museums, 3.____________ would have seemed dull to my friends. Instead of depending 4.____________ someone else to remember directions, I discovered my 5.____________(independent) and developed map-reading skills that I didn’t know I had. I could get up and go to sleep when I wanted and I didn’t have to wait for anyone else 6.____________(get) ready every morning.
However, I found there were also some disadvantages of travelling alone. I missed 7.____________(have) someone to talk to. Experiences are often more 8.____________(enjoy) if they are shared. In addition, eating in a restaurant or cooking in the hostel 9.____________(be) less fun on my own.
I am very proud of myself for travelling alone and I had a good time in Toronto. However, in the future, I will always prefer to travel with another person 10.____________ in a small group.
1．unfortunately 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰其后整个句子，意为“很遗憾”，故填unfortunately。
2．the 解析：考查定冠词。quite the opposite意为“正相反”。
3．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句指代整个主句，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
4．on/upon 解析：考查介词。depend on/upon意为“依靠，依赖”。
5．independence 解析：考查名词。设空处作宾语，由my可知，应填名词independence(独立)。
6．to get 解析：考查不定式作补语的用法。wait for sb.to do sth.意为“等待某人做某事”。
7．having 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。miss doing sth.在此意为“错过做某事”。
8．enjoyable 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，说明主语Experiences的状态，故填形容词enjoyable(令人愉快的)。
9．was 解析：考查主谓一致。由or可知，谓语动词应用单数，且此处表示的动作发生在过去，故填was。
10．or 解析：考查连词。由语境可知，with another person与in a small group之间是选择关系，故填or。
B卷
阅读理解
George Washington Carver was born some time in the early-mid 1860s. As a sickly child, Carver was unable to work in the fields, so he did gardening.He was left with many free hours to walk in the woods—beginning his career with nature.He soon became known as the “Plant Doctor” and would help friends and neighbors manage sick plants.
In 1890, Carver began to study music and art at Simpson College.His artwork was on show at the 1893 World’s Fair.Painting gave him the chance to combine his two loves—art and nature.Yet it was his talents(天赋) for gardening that took him in another direction in 1891.Carver became the first African-American to attend what is today Iowa State University.He proved to be a first-class student and upon graduation he became the school’s first African-American teacher.
In 1896, he received an invitation from Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School in Tuskegee, Alabama.Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.He and his students would search trash heaps(垃圾堆) for things to use.This proved that Dr.Carver was well ahead of his time.
In 1916, he published a research report on peanuts, which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy(经济) of the South when it was destroyed by the cotton insects’ attack.Carver continued his research with the peanut.He went on to find many uses for the peanut.But he didn’t invent peanut butter(花生酱)．
Dr.Carver’s research earned him much worldwide praise.Dr.George Washington Carver died on January 5, 1943, and was buried at Tuskegee.Carver contributed his whole life savings to Tuskegee.Upon his death, Franklin D． Roosevelt gave him the title “an inspiring example to youth everywhere”．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了植物学家George Washington Carver的生平。
1．How was Carver’s childhood?
A．He dreamed of being a doctor.
B．He grew crops in the fields.
C．He enjoyed good health.
D．He took up gardening.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he did gardening”可知，George Washington Carver年少时料理花园。
2．How was Carver’s performance during his education?
A．Bad. B．Strange.
C．Ordinary. D．Excellent.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He proved to be a first-class student”可知，George Washington Carver在学校表现出色。
3．What do we know about Carver’s life in Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School?
A．He was well paid by the school.
B．He relied on himself to build his lab.
C．He saved money by picking up trash.
D．He published his findings ahead of time.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.”可知，George Washington Carver所在的学校没有足够的资金，因此他依靠自己的力量来建立实验室。
4．What can be learned about Carver’s report on peanuts?
A．It made a contribution to the economy.
B．It included new findings on peanut butter.
C．It prevented peanuts from insects’ attack.
D．It helped farmers find many other uses of peanuts.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In 1916, he published a research report on peanuts, which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy(经济) of the South”可知， George Washington Carver的研究拯救了当时南方的经济危机。
完形填空
When I first entered university，my aunt，who is an English professor，gave me a new English dictionary.I was__1__to see that it was an English-English dictionary，also known as a monolingual dictionary.__2__it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners，none of my classmates had one__3__，to be honest，I found it extremely __4__to use at first.I would look up words in the dictionary and__5__not fully understand the meaning.I was used to the__6__ bilingual dictionaries，in which the words are__7__ both in English and Chinese.I really wondered why my aunt__8__to make things so difficult for me.Now，after studying English at university for three years，I__9__that monolingual dictionaries are__10__in learning a foreign language.
As I found out，there is__11__often no perfect equivalence(对应) between two__12__in two languages.My aunt even goes so far as to__13__that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the__14__meaning of a word in English！__15__，she insisted that I read the definition(定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary__16__I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.__17__，I have come to see what she meant.
Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.This dictionary uses a(n)__18__number of words，around 2，000，in its definitions.When I read these definitions，I am__19__exposed to(接触) the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.__20__this，I can express myself more easily in English.
1．A.worried B．sad
C．surprised D．nervous
C 解析：通读全文可知，作者是一个中国大学生，中国人学英语，尤其是初学者习惯使用英汉词典。当作者看到英英词典的时候，他感到“吃惊”。
2．A.Because B．Although
C．Unless D．If
B 解析：前后两句在意义上是让步关系，所以用although引导让步状语从句。而because引导原因状语从句；unless和if引导条件状语从句。
3．A.but B．so
C．or D．and
A 解析：此空处是一个并列连词，连接前后两句。而前后两句之间存在的是转折关系，所以用but。
4．A.difficult B．interesting
C．ambiguous D．practical
A 解析：最初用英英词典，不习惯，所以作者感觉用起来很“难(difficult)”。interesting是“有趣味的”，根据下文not fully understand the meaning不可能是这个答案；ambiguous是“不明确的”；practical是“实用的”，这两个词也不符合语境。
5．A.thus B．even
C．still D．again
C 解析：句子中有否定词not，有副词fully，所以用still，表示“仍然不能够完全”的意思。
6．A.new B．familiar
C．earlier D．ordinary
B 解析：be used to 表示“习惯……”，对作者来说习惯了双语词典，或者说是英汉词典。这里指双语词典的使用对他来说是熟悉的。
7．A.explained B．expressed
C．described D．created
A 解析：此句是一个in which引导的定语从句，其中words是主语，根据常识在词典中单词的意思是被“解释出来”的，所以用explained。
8．A.offered B．agreed
C．decided D．happened
C 解析：我真想知道我姑妈为什么决定这么为难我。其他三个词虽然都跟动词不定式，但是在这里意思都不恰当。
9．A.imagine B．recommend
C．predict D．understand
D 解析：过去不理解，经过一段时间后才理解。 understand“理解”；imagine“想象”；recommend“推荐”；predict“预测”。
10．A.natural B．better
C．easier D．convenient
B 解析：此句中monolingual dictionaries和bilingual dictionaries比较，A和D项没用比较级，better强调更好，更实用，而easier则不可能。
11．A.at best B．in fact
C．at times D．in case
B 解析：常见的情况是实际上两种语言之间的两个词没有完全的对应。in fact“实际上，事实上”。at best“至多；充其量”；at times“有时”；in case“万一，以防”，显然A、C、D项不合语境。
12．A.words B．names
C．ideas D．characters
A 解析：词典上重点的内容应该是单词。
13．A.hope B．declare
C．doubt D．tell
B 解析：我姑妈甚至还声称汉语意思决不能给出一个英语单词的确切意思。
14．A.exact B．basic
C．translated D．expected
A 解析：前面的a Chinese “equivalent”和the______ meaning of a word in English对应，表明还是对应不准确的问题，所以用exact。
15．A.Rather B．However
C．Therefore D．Instead
C 解析：此空后面的句子和前面表示的是一种“因果”关系，所以用therefore。
16．A.when B．before
C．until D．while
A 解析：表示“当……时候”，用when引导时间状语从句。而before通常指“在……之前”；until指“直到……时候”；while指“在……的同时”。
17．A.Largely B．Generally
C．Gradually D．Probably
C 解析：该句的谓语have come to see是表示“变化过程”，所以用gradually表示“渐渐地”。
18．A.extra B．average
C．total D．limited
D 解析：从后面的around 2，000可知词典中用于解释词义的词是限制在2 000左右。
19．A.repeatedly B．nearly
C．immediately D．anxiously
A 解析：在有限的范围内，查阅阅读释义的话，就会反复接触基本词汇、学会这些词汇怎样用来解释事物和观点，所以用repeatedly表示“反复地，经常地”。
20．A.According to B．In relation to
C．In addition to D．Because of
D 解析：后面主句部分I can express myself more easily in English表达的是结果，此处表达的应该是原因，说明使用这种词典所带来的好处。
短文改错
In the summer holiday, we travelled to Qingdao and paid visit to my uncle there.It’s a long and bored journey.But the moment I arrived，I fall in love with the city.It’s such beautiful a city that I can hardly find any word to describe it.The streets are cleaning and the sky is blue.If you walk along the coast，you can feel the wind to blowing on your face.The sea is vast and sometimes you can find a boat or a ship.You may also do some fishing as long as it is permit.Moreover，I think the driver there drive too fast in the street.You should be careless when crossing the street.
答案：
In the summer holiday, we travelled to Qingdao and paid visit to my uncle there.It’s a long and journey.But the moment I arrived，I in love with the city.It’s beautiful a city that I can hardly find any word to describe it.The streets are and the sky is blue.If you walk along the coast, you can feel the wind blowing on your face.The sea is vast and sometimes you can find a boat or a ship.You may also do some fishing as long as it is .， I think the there drive too fast in the street.You should be when crossing the street.
课件100张PPT。Unit 3 Science and nature本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
品句填词
1．Use your good ____________(判断) before you decide.
答案：judgement
2．The ____________ (多数) of students find it hard to accept the new theory.
答案：majority
3．From his ____________(害怕的) look，I guess he must have found something horrible.
答案：frightened
4．No one is to leave the building without my ____________(允许)．
答案：permission
5．Please reenter your password to____________(确认) it is correct.
答案：confirm
6．He envies her the position she has achieved in her ____________(职业)．
答案：profession
单句改错
1．I’d say she is pretty rich, judge from her clothes.____________________
答案：judge→judging
2．The project，conducting by our headmaster，has won the students’ support.____________________
答案：conducting→conducted
3．There was frost on the ground，confirmed that fall had arrived in Canada.____________________
答案：confirmed→confirming
4．This frighten boy whose mother was lost in the disaster is looking for her now.____________________
答案：frighten→frightened
5．We view the holiday for a time for recreation，but she has a different idea.____________________
答案：第一个for→as
完成句子
1．就我个人而言，这部电影糟糕透顶。
As far as I’m concerned，this film ____________．
答案：couldn’t be worse
2．朱丽叶是她班上最高的。(一句多译)
①________________________________________________________________________
②________________________________________________________________________
③________________________________________________________________________
答案：①Julia is the tallest student in her class.②Julia is taller than any other student/all the other students/anyone else in her class.③No one can be taller than Julia in her class.
3．和他谈这事没有用。
______________________with him about it.
答案：It is no use talking
4．她能否来还很难说。
______________________she will be able to come.
答案：It is doubtful whether
5．他不会吃任何东西，除非是他自己做的。
He wouldn’t eat anything __________he cooked it himself.
答案：unless
课文语篇改错
GM food：hope or danger?
There has been great progress in the study of genetics.Doors have opened up to technologies that never existed ago.There are two ways in that a plant or an animal can be genetically modified.First，new material can be inserted into it’s DNA to give the plant or animal qualities which they would never have in nature.Second，material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or the animal in order to remove qualities in which are not desired.One aim of GM research is to produce food which will make us healthier.GM plants has larger harvests.No one really knows whether it is safety for animals or humans to eat.No one knows that effects the GM material might have on the food chain.
答案：
GM food：hope or danger?
There has been great progress in the study of genetics.Doors have opened up to technologies that never existed .There are two ways in a plant or an animal can be genetically modified.First，new material can be inserted into DNA to give the plant or animal qualities which would never have in nature.Second，material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or animal in order to remove qualities which are not desired.One aim of GM research is to produce food which will make us healthier.GM plants larger harvests.No one really knows whether it is for animals or humans to eat.No one knows effects the GM material might have on the food chain.
A卷
单句语法填空
1．The court has yet to pass ____________ (judge) in this case.
答案：judgement
2．Though the girl had been suffering from the blood disease，she acted as if nothing had happened to her while facing her friends and ____________ (relate)．
答案：relations
3．The research，____________(conduct) by St.George University，shows that different parents have different approaches to these problems.
答案：conducted
4．The number of students in our class is more than 50 and the majority of them ____________ (be) from the countryside.
答案：are
5．The possibility that the ____________ (major) of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.
答案：majority
6．After all，spotting tigers merely ____________(confirm) their beauty；tracking them can make you aware of something more.
答案：confirms
7．—He looks so frightening and the kids are really scared.
—He often uses that ____________ (frighten) look to frighten them.
答案：frightening
8．No person shall enter the area without official ____________ (permit)．
答案：permission
9．Do you remember the first time you ____________ (talk) with a foreigner?
答案：talked
10．Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been ____________ (much) popular.
答案：more
阅读理解
A
When a person’s heart stops, there are only seconds to act. If performed effectively, CPR can keep a person alive until medical help arrives. In some areas medical help may take more than 10 minutes to arrive. Every minute counts and can mean the difference in life or death. Also, CPR is most effective when it is given without being stopped. Unfortunately, in some situations, it can be difficult or nearly impossible for first responders to continue CPR as a person is being taken from a building or other areas with difficult land.
But CPR devices can help solve these problems. They can automatically(自动地) deliver CPR strokes(打击动作) to continue blood movement around bodies and oxygen supply of unresponsive injured persons. One such automatic CPR device, called the AutoPulse, increased the survival rate of patients in need of CPR by 3.6%. The device provides compression strokes by rapidly inflating(使充气) and deflating a bag. The device is battery-operated and can perform CPR for over 10 minutes. The device could save thousands of lives every year.
The AutoPulse is specifically designed to help medical staff and other first responders continue CPR in areas where CPR operated by hands is nearly impossible. According to Zoll, one of the creators of the AutoPulse, their device can provide better CPR compression strokes than first responders in difficult situations.
With a little training, first responders are able to set up the AutoPulse in just 14 seconds. Zoll reports their device also has a lower rate of being stopped in 85% of the cases in comparison to CPR that people perform using hands.
The AutoPulse has been reported many times in life-saving events. Although the device appears to lead to good results, some first responders do not want to use the AutoPulse over the fear of a failure and the expense of one unit—about US$10，000 per unit. The AutoPulse and other automated CPR machines will still need a lot more convincing evidence before the medical community will largely accept the devices.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍一款自动心肺复苏设备：AutoPulse。
1．What’s the shortcoming of CPR provided by humans according to Paragraph 1?
A．It needs certain conditions.
B．It requires a long-time preparation.
C．It is assisted by complex medical devices.
D．It is only performed by professional medical staff.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Unfortunately, in some...difficult land.”可推断，人工心肺复苏需要一定的条件。
2．According to the creator of the AutoPulse, the device ________．
A．is less easily disturbed than humans
B．is designed for hospitals rather than individuals
C．cannot really replace first responders to do CPR
D．cannot do a better job than humans in difficult situations
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“...has a lower rate of being stopped in 85% of the cases in comparison to CPR...”可知，自动心肺复苏设备较人工心肺复苏来说不容易被打断。
3．What is a disadvantage of the AutoPulse?
A．It fails to perform well frequently.
B．It is not convenient to carry around.
C．It needs a lot of training before use.
D．It is unaffordable for potential users.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中“...some first...US $10，000 per unit.”可知，其缺点是价格太昂贵了。
4．What’s this passage mainly about?
A．The importance of learning CPR.
B．The conditions of operating CPR.
C．A comparison of traditional and modern CPR.
D．An introduction to an automatic CPR machine.
D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文旨在介绍一款自动心肺复苏设备。
B
After having more than a few acquaintances(相识的人) online，it might come a blow to keen social networkers like Barack Obama，or even Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg himself.
According to a research，the average person has in fact twice as many online friends as physical ones.Users of social-networking sites have on average 121 online friends as compared with physical ones.The study also claims that people tend to be more open，confident and honest with their virtual friends than their “real” ones.
“For most people，the Internet is a way of keeping in touch with loved ones and friends，but for people who are isolated(隔离的) due to illness，it plays a more vital role，and can often act as a lifeline，” says Helen Oxley，a psychologist at Wythenshawe hospital.
“People with illnesses often rely on the Internet to facilitate(促进) friendships，since they blog and use networking sites as a way of dealing with their illness.It can foster(培养) a sense of social connection for those who frequently feel isolated，which is important to psychological well-being.”
In wider society，the ways in which friendships are formed are changing，with people recognizing that they can develop deep and meaningful connections with others that they’ve never met，and may never meet.About one in 10 people has either met their best friends online，or believes they can make lifelong friends on the Web.
The findings highlight how social introductions are also changing.Only five percent would ask for someone’s phone number，while 23 percent are now likely to ask for an email address or a full name with the intention of adding the person to their social network.
At the same time，however，a questionnaire completed by 4，427 suggests that 20 percent of parents believe their children’s education is affected by surfing the Net.They think their children are doing poorly at the school due to the amount of time they spend on non-educational websites.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了现在的人们更相信虚拟的朋友，更有甚者将虚拟朋友当成了终身朋友，还叙述了家长们因害怕孩子受到网络的不良影响不愿意让孩子接触网络。
5．The underlined word “it” in Para.1 most probably refers to ________．
A．people spending too much time surfing the Net
B．people relying on the Internet to connect with friend
C．people having more online friends than real ones
D．people making meaningful connections with strangers
C 解析：代词指代题。根据前文After having more than a few acquaintances (相识的人) online可知，应是指虚拟的朋友比真正的朋友还多这件事。
6．We can infer from the text that________．
A．sick people can recover more quickly by surfing the Net
B．students get important information online
C．students who surf the Net always perform not so well
D．people tend to trust their virtual friends more than their real ones
D 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，并根据文章的第五、六段和第二段的关键句The study also claims that people tend to be more open，confident and honest with their virtual friends than their “real” ones.可知答案。
7．What percentage of parents believe that the Internet has a bad effect on their children?
A．About 5 percent.
B．About 10 percent.
C．About 20 percent.
D．About 23 percent.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的At the same time，however，a questionnaire completed by 4，427 suggests that 20 percent of parents believe their children’s education is affected by surfing the Net.可知答案。
语法填空
Last week I had a holiday from work, but 1.____________(unfortunate) none of my friends had the same week off. I decided that I still wanted to do something, so I booked a train ride to Toronto and reserved a bed in a hostel for one week.
One week by myself! Would I be bored? Quite 2.____________ opposite! I was able to do whatever I wanted. I spent hours in museums, 3.____________ would have seemed dull to my friends. Instead of depending 4.____________ someone else to remember directions, I discovered my 5.____________(independent) and developed map-reading skills that I didn’t know I had. I could get up and go to sleep when I wanted and I didn’t have to wait for anyone else 6.____________(get) ready every morning.
However, I found there were also some disadvantages of travelling alone. I missed 7.____________(have) someone to talk to. Experiences are often more 8.____________(enjoy) if they are shared. In addition, eating in a restaurant or cooking in the hostel 9.____________(be) less fun on my own.
I am very proud of myself for travelling alone and I had a good time in Toronto. However, in the future, I will always prefer to travel with another person 10.____________ in a small group.
1．unfortunately 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰其后整个句子，意为“很遗憾”，故填unfortunately。
2．the 解析：考查定冠词。quite the opposite意为“正相反”。
3．which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句指代整个主句，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
4．on/upon 解析：考查介词。depend on/upon意为“依靠，依赖”。
5．independence 解析：考查名词。设空处作宾语，由my可知，应填名词independence(独立)。
6．to get 解析：考查不定式作补语的用法。wait for sb.to do sth.意为“等待某人做某事”。
7．having 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。miss doing sth.在此意为“错过做某事”。
8．enjoyable 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，说明主语Experiences的状态，故填形容词enjoyable(令人愉快的)。
9．was 解析：考查主谓一致。由or可知，谓语动词应用单数，且此处表示的动作发生在过去，故填was。
10．or 解析：考查连词。由语境可知，with another person与in a small group之间是选择关系，故填or。
B卷
阅读理解
George Washington Carver was born some time in the early-mid 1860s. As a sickly child, Carver was unable to work in the fields, so he did gardening.He was left with many free hours to walk in the woods—beginning his career with nature.He soon became known as the “Plant Doctor” and would help friends and neighbors manage sick plants.
In 1890, Carver began to study music and art at Simpson College.His artwork was on show at the 1893 World’s Fair.Painting gave him the chance to combine his two loves—art and nature.Yet it was his talents(天赋) for gardening that took him in another direction in 1891.Carver became the first African-American to attend what is today Iowa State University.He proved to be a first-class student and upon graduation he became the school’s first African-American teacher.
In 1896, he received an invitation from Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School in Tuskegee, Alabama.Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.He and his students would search trash heaps(垃圾堆) for things to use.This proved that Dr.Carver was well ahead of his time.
In 1916, he published a research report on peanuts, which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy(经济) of the South when it was destroyed by the cotton insects’ attack.Carver continued his research with the peanut.He went on to find many uses for the peanut.But he didn’t invent peanut butter(花生酱)．
Dr.Carver’s research earned him much worldwide praise.Dr.George Washington Carver died on January 5, 1943, and was buried at Tuskegee.Carver contributed his whole life savings to Tuskegee.Upon his death, Franklin D． Roosevelt gave him the title “an inspiring example to youth everywhere”．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了植物学家George Washington Carver的生平。
1．How was Carver’s childhood?
A．He dreamed of being a doctor.
B．He grew crops in the fields.
C．He enjoyed good health.
D．He took up gardening.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“he did gardening”可知，George Washington Carver年少时料理花园。
2．How was Carver’s performance during his education?
A．Bad. B．Strange.
C．Ordinary. D．Excellent.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He proved to be a first-class student”可知，George Washington Carver在学校表现出色。
3．What do we know about Carver’s life in Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School?
A．He was well paid by the school.
B．He relied on himself to build his lab.
C．He saved money by picking up trash.
D．He published his findings ahead of time.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Upon arriving, he found that the school was short of money so Dr. Carver had to equip his own lab.”可知，George Washington Carver所在的学校没有足够的资金，因此他依靠自己的力量来建立实验室。
4．What can be learned about Carver’s report on peanuts?
A．It made a contribution to the economy.
B．It included new findings on peanut butter.
C．It prevented peanuts from insects’ attack.
D．It helped farmers find many other uses of peanuts.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In 1916, he published a research report on peanuts, which helped many farmers turn to peanuts as a cash crop and saved the economy(经济) of the South”可知， George Washington Carver的研究拯救了当时南方的经济危机。
完形填空
When I first entered university，my aunt，who is an English professor，gave me a new English dictionary.I was__1__to see that it was an English-English dictionary，also known as a monolingual dictionary.__2__it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners，none of my classmates had one__3__，to be honest，I found it extremely __4__to use at first.I would look up words in the dictionary and__5__not fully understand the meaning.I was used to the__6__ bilingual dictionaries，in which the words are__7__ both in English and Chinese.I really wondered why my aunt__8__to make things so difficult for me.Now，after studying English at university for three years，I__9__that monolingual dictionaries are__10__in learning a foreign language.
As I found out，there is__11__often no perfect equivalence(对应) between two__12__in two languages.My aunt even goes so far as to__13__that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the__14__meaning of a word in English！__15__，she insisted that I read the definition(定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary__16__I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.__17__，I have come to see what she meant.
Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.This dictionary uses a(n)__18__number of words，around 2，000，in its definitions.When I read these definitions，I am__19__exposed to(接触) the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.__20__this，I can express myself more easily in English.
1．A.worried B．sad
C．surprised D．nervous
C 解析：通读全文可知，作者是一个中国大学生，中国人学英语，尤其是初学者习惯使用英汉词典。当作者看到英英词典的时候，他感到“吃惊”。
2．A.Because B．Although
C．Unless D．If
B 解析：前后两句在意义上是让步关系，所以用although引导让步状语从句。而because引导原因状语从句；unless和if引导条件状语从句。
3．A.but B．so
C．or D．and
A 解析：此空处是一个并列连词，连接前后两句。而前后两句之间存在的是转折关系，所以用but。
4．A.difficult B．interesting
C．ambiguous D．practical
A 解析：最初用英英词典，不习惯，所以作者感觉用起来很“难(difficult)”。interesting是“有趣味的”，根据下文not fully understand the meaning不可能是这个答案；ambiguous是“不明确的”；practical是“实用的”，这两个词也不符合语境。
5．A.thus B．even
C．still D．again
C 解析：句子中有否定词not，有副词fully，所以用still，表示“仍然不能够完全”的意思。
6．A.new B．familiar
C．earlier D．ordinary
B 解析：be used to 表示“习惯……”，对作者来说习惯了双语词典，或者说是英汉词典。这里指双语词典的使用对他来说是熟悉的。
7．A.explained B．expressed
C．described D．created
A 解析：此句是一个in which引导的定语从句，其中words是主语，根据常识在词典中单词的意思是被“解释出来”的，所以用explained。
8．A.offered B．agreed
C．decided D．happened
C 解析：我真想知道我姑妈为什么决定这么为难我。其他三个词虽然都跟动词不定式，但是在这里意思都不恰当。
9．A.imagine B．recommend
C．predict D．understand
D 解析：过去不理解，经过一段时间后才理解。 understand“理解”；imagine“想象”；recommend“推荐”；predict“预测”。
10．A.natural B．better
C．easier D．convenient
B 解析：此句中monolingual dictionaries和bilingual dictionaries比较，A和D项没用比较级，better强调更好，更实用，而easier则不可能。
11．A.at best B．in fact
C．at times D．in case
B 解析：常见的情况是实际上两种语言之间的两个词没有完全的对应。in fact“实际上，事实上”。at best“至多；充其量”；at times“有时”；in case“万一，以防”，显然A、C、D项不合语境。
12．A.words B．names
C．ideas D．characters
A 解析：词典上重点的内容应该是单词。
13．A.hope B．declare
C．doubt D．tell
B 解析：我姑妈甚至还声称汉语意思决不能给出一个英语单词的确切意思。
14．A.exact B．basic
C．translated D．expected
A 解析：前面的a Chinese “equivalent”和the______ meaning of a word in English对应，表明还是对应不准确的问题，所以用exact。
15．A.Rather B．However
C．Therefore D．Instead
C 解析：此空后面的句子和前面表示的是一种“因果”关系，所以用therefore。
16．A.when B．before
C．until D．while
A 解析：表示“当……时候”，用when引导时间状语从句。而before通常指“在……之前”；until指“直到……时候”；while指“在……的同时”。
17．A.Largely B．Generally
C．Gradually D．Probably
C 解析：该句的谓语have come to see是表示“变化过程”，所以用gradually表示“渐渐地”。
18．A.extra B．average
C．total D．limited
D 解析：从后面的around 2，000可知词典中用于解释词义的词是限制在2 000左右。
19．A.repeatedly B．nearly
C．immediately D．anxiously
A 解析：在有限的范围内，查阅阅读释义的话，就会反复接触基本词汇、学会这些词汇怎样用来解释事物和观点，所以用repeatedly表示“反复地，经常地”。
20．A.According to B．In relation to
C．In addition to D．Because of
D 解析：后面主句部分I can express myself more easily in English表达的是结果，此处表达的应该是原因，说明使用这种词典所带来的好处。
短文改错
In the summer holiday, we travelled to Qingdao and paid visit to my uncle there.It’s a long and bored journey.But the moment I arrived，I fall in love with the city.It’s such beautiful a city that I can hardly find any word to describe it.The streets are cleaning and the sky is blue.If you walk along the coast，you can feel the wind to blowing on your face.The sea is vast and sometimes you can find a boat or a ship.You may also do some fishing as long as it is permit.Moreover，I think the driver there drive too fast in the street.You should be careless when crossing the street.
答案：
In the summer holiday, we travelled to Qingdao and paid visit to my uncle there.It’s a long and journey.But the moment I arrived，I in love with the city.It’s beautiful a city that I can hardly find any word to describe it.The streets are and the sky is blue.If you walk along the coast, you can feel the wind blowing on your face.The sea is vast and sometimes you can find a boat or a ship.You may also do some fishing as long as it is .， I think the there drive too fast in the street.You should be when crossing the street.
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
动词的-ed形式及其短语
一、概念及构成
动词的-ed形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。它也是一种非谓语动词形式(少数有不规则变化形式)；当它后面带了宾语或状语时，就被称作动词的-ed短语，即传统语法中的过去分词短语。及物动词的-ed形式表示被动或既表被动又表完成，不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成。
二、过去分词的句法功能
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词通常与逻辑主语之间存在被动关系，表示被动或完成。
(一)过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的意义
不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已完成，不表示被动的意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。
(1)只表示完成不表示被动
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起的太阳
a retired teacher 一位退休的教师
(2)表示被动
an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人
a guided trip 一次有导游的旅行
(3)表示被动和完成
the broken glass 碎了的杯子
the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题
a divided country 一个分裂的国家
对接高考
①In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message____________(hide) within the work.
在艺术评论中，你必须假定这位艺术家有一个秘密的信息隐藏在作品中。
hidden 解析：考查非谓语动词作定语。hidden...相当于定语从句that is hidden within the work。
②(陕西卷)The witnesses____________(question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
刚才被警察询问的证人对打架这件事说法不一。
questioned 解析：考查非谓语动词作后置定语。那些证人是“被询问”的，所以要用question的被动形式，“询问”这一动作发生过了，所以要用动词的过去分词作定语。
2．过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)前置定语：单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
The broken vase has been thrown outside.
那个打碎的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人们现在在医院里被照顾得很好。
(2)后置定语：过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
The suggestion (which had been) sent to the committee was adopted.
呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written
(＝that has ever been written)．
这将是这类小说中写得最好的。
(1)有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
There is little time left.Let’s hurry up.
剩余的时间不多了，我们赶快吧。
(2)过去分词修饰代词时，应置于被修饰词之后。
He is one of those invited.
他是那些被邀请的人之一。
(3)有些过去分词作定语，前置和后置意义不同。试比较：
This is a used car which is worth only 5，000 yuan.
这是一辆价值仅五千元的旧车。
The method used is very efficient.
所用的这个方法很有效。
(4)过去分词可作非限制性定语，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，前面常用逗号与被修饰的成分隔开。
A girl，dressed like a student，came in and sat beside me.
一位学生打扮的女孩走进来，坐在我的旁边。
3．现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1)过去分词与所修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，表示一个已完成的动作；现在分词与所修饰的名词之间存在主谓关系，它表示一个正在进行的动作。
This is a letter written in black ink.
这是一封用黑墨水写的信。
There are so many people showing interest in surfing the Internet.
有那么多人对上网感兴趣。
(2)过去分词作定语表示被修饰的人或相关的人的自身感受，现在分词作定语表示被修饰的人或物给别人造成的感受。
Have you noticed the surprised expression on his face?
你注意到他脸上惊讶的表情了吗？(他很惊讶)
What came to us was surprising news.
我们得到的是令人吃惊的消息。(消息令人吃惊)
对接高考
③(重庆卷)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras____________(return)to our shop for quality problems.
生产商定期来收回那些因为质量问题而被退回到我们商店的照相机。
returned 解析：考查非谓语动词。returned为过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰cameras。return此处意为“退回”，cameras与return之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成的动作。
④(湖南卷)You cannot accept an opinion____________(offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
你不可以接受别人提供的观点，除非它是建立在事实基础之上的。
offered 解析：分析句子成分可知，“____________to you”是分词短语作后置定语修饰opinion，又因为opinion和offer之间是被动关系，故用过去分词修饰，由此可知答案为offered。
⑤(山东卷)After completing and signing it，please return the form to us in the envelope ____________(provide)．
填完并签字后，把表格装在提供的信封里给我们带回来。
provided 解析：考查非谓语动词。envelope与provide之间为被动关系。过去分词表被动，所以应填provided。
(二)过去分词作表语
1．过去分词可放在系动词be，get，feel，remain，seem，look，become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。
He seemed quite delighted at the news.
听到这个消息他似乎很高兴。
The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。
2．过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感觉或事物自身的状态；现在分词作表语则多表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”。
He became discouraged. 他泄气了。
The situation proves encouraging.
形势是令人鼓舞的。
3．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别
“be＋过去分词”表示状态时，是系表结构，此时过去分词通常已形容词化；表示动作时，是被动语态，且绝大多数被动结构中的动作执行者由介词by引出。
The book is well written.(系表结构，强调主语所处的状态)
这本书写得很好。
The book was written by a soldier.(被动语态，强调主语所承受的动作)
这本书是一位战士写的。
对接高考
⑥—Are you sure you’re ready for the test?
——你确定你准备好考试了吗？
—No problem.I’m well ____________(prepare)for it.
——没问题。我已经做好准备了。
prepared 解析：考查非谓语动词。I作主语，be动词后要接动词的-ed形式充当表语。
⑦(福建卷)For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying____________(connect)．
对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。
connected 解析：考查非谓语动词。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它在此处是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。
(三)过去分词作宾语补足语
通常用在感官动词和使役动词(see，hear，notice，watch，keep，find，get，have，feel等)宾语之后，以及with的复合结构中。
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined?
你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
She saw the thief caught by policemen.
她看见小偷被警察抓走了。
With his homework done，he started to watch TV.
作业完成后，他开始看电视。
对接高考
⑧(四川卷)The manager was satisfied to see many new products ____________(develop) after great effort.
经理很满意地看到在做出很大的努力后，许多新产品被开发出来了。
developed 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析题干可知，题干中含有“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；宾语many new products与develop之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词作宾语补足语。
⑨(北京卷)When we saw the road____________(block) with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当看到道路被雪堵住的时候，我们决定在家里度假。
blocked 解析：分析题干可知，此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；宾补是do形式时，表示“看见宾语做某事的整个过程”；宾语是doing形式时，表示“看见宾语正在做某事”；若宾补与宾语之间为动宾关系，则要用过去分词作宾补。分析句子结构可知，此处block与宾语the road之间为动宾关系，应用blocked作宾补。
(四)过去分词作状语
动词-ed形式和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
1．时间状语
Asked about his family，he made no answer.
当问及有关他的家庭情况时，他没回答。
Lost in the forest，you should first of all keep calm.
在森林里迷路时，你首先应保持镇定。
2．原因状语
Seriously injured，he had to be taken to hospital.
由于伤得严重，只得把他送往医院。
Well brought up by his parents，the child learns very fast. 由于受到了父母的良好教育，这个孩子学得很快。
3．条件状语
Seen in the distance，the village looks more beautiful.
从远处看，这个村庄看上去更漂亮了。
Given more time，we would do it better.
如果多给点时间，我们会做得更好。
4．伴随或方式状语
Followed by his students，the teacher went into the lab.
老师走进了实验室，后面跟着他的学生。
The old man went into the room，supported by his wife. 那个老人在他的妻子搀扶下走进了房间。
5．让步状语
Dressed well，she looks older than she really is.
尽管穿得很好，她看上去还是比实际年龄大。
Beaten by the enemy，he refused to let out the secret.
虽然受到敌人拷打，他还是拒绝泄密。
(1)动词的-ed形式及其短语作时间、条件、让步状语时，前面往往可带有when，if，while，though，even if等连词，这时，也可看作状语从句的省略。
If/When (it is) heated，water changes into steam.
如果/当被加热时，水就变成蒸汽。
(2)动词的-ed形式及其短语作状语(伴随、方式状语除外)时，均可以被相应的从句代替。
Given another chance，he will do better.(＝ If he is given another chance，he will do better.)
再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
对接高考
⑩____________(absorb) in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.
由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
Absorbed 解析：考查非谓语动词。be absorbed in“专心于”，此处为过去分词短语作原因状语。故用Absorbed。
?(安徽卷)____________ (found) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
这所学校创建于20世纪早期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。
Founded 解析：the school与found之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。
?(湖南卷)Time，____________(use) correctly，is money in the bank.
如果正确使用，时间就是银行里的金钱。
used 解析：句子的主语Time与句子状语中的动词use之间为被动关系，应使用过去分词作状语。
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．The meeting ____________ (hold) yesterday is of great importance.
答案：held
2．He felt quite unhappy when he found his proposal ____________ (turn) down.
答案：turned
3．____________ (tire) and hungry，they started to return home.
答案：Tired
4．With their homework ____________ (finish)，they turned on the TV.
答案：finished
5．____________ (lose) in thought，he nearly knocked into the tree in front of him.
答案：Lost
6．The enemy soldiers went out of the cave with their hands ____________ (raise)．
答案：raised
7．Your hair is too long.You’d better have it ____________(cut) tomorrow.
答案：cut
8．The first textbook ____________ (write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
答案：written
9．Unless ____________ (invite)，she won’t come to your birthday party.
答案：invited
10．Sheep ____________ on this kind of grass grow much faster than those ____________ on others.(feed)
答案：fed；fed
单句改错
1．Grow in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. ____________________
答案：Grow→Grown
2．He seemed quite delighting with the public response. ____________________
答案：delighting→delighted
3．Seeing under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. ____________________
答案：Seeing→Seen
4．When heat，ice can be changed into water. ____________________
答案：heat→heated
5．He is the student laugh at by all the classmates just now. ____________________
答案：laugh→laughed
语法与写作
1．令他们欣慰的是，医生告诉他们如果适当治疗，Betty很快会恢复。
To their relief，the doctor told them that ________________，Betty could recover very soon.
答案：if properly treated
2．在新闻发布会上不要说话，直到要求你说。
Don’t speak at the press conference ________________．
答案：until asked to
3．很多东西比如出国和拥有一辆车，在过去认为是不可能的事，现在却是很常见的。
Many things such as going abroad and owning a car，________________ in the past，are now very common.
答案：considered impossible
4．在我看来，我们的经理已经把问题解决了，通过他那放松的表情我们能看得出来。
As far as I know，our manager has already ________________，which we can know from his relaxed expression.
答案：had the matter settled
5．随着人力物力被集中用于保护(环境)，我们相信人们可以在不给周围环境带来破坏的情况下，享受一种健康的生活。
With efforts ____________________________conservation，we may believe that people enjoy a healthy life without the environment around them ____________．
答案：focused on；suffering
如何写好一封正式的英文书信
文体感知
英文书信是英语应用文的一个重要形式，它在行文方式及格式方面都与汉语有所差异。一篇正式的英文书信往往有下面几个部分：
1．信头(heading)
英语书信的信头包括发信人的地址和发信的具体日期两部分。信头放在信纸的右上角，一般分行写出。要先写发信人地址，再写发信的日期。写发信地址时依据从小到大的原则，即：先写门牌号码、街道名或路名，再写区(县)及所在市名称，然后是省或州、郡名称，最后再写上国家的名称。日期的顺序是先写月份再写日期然后是年份。邮政编码写在城市名称后边，用逗号隔开。
信头不能越过信纸中间而写到信纸的左上角。另外需要注意的是：通常在写地址时，第一行写门牌号和街名，第二行写地区名，第三行是日期。一般信头每行末不用标点符号，但每行中间应用的标点不可少，城区名和邮政编码之间，日月和年份之间要用逗号隔开。
信头一般不要写得太高，信头的上面要留些空白。
2．信内地址(inside address)
信内地址包括收信人的姓名、称呼和地址两部分。社交的私人信件信内地址是省略的。信内地址的位置位于信头的左下方，它的开始行低于信头的结尾行，位于信纸中央的左边。
信内地址先写收信人的头衔和姓名，再写地址，地址排列次序同信头一样。信内地址的书写格式也有两种：并列式和斜列式。一般来讲，信头和信内地址所用的格式总是保持一致的。标点符号的使用也与信头一样。
3．称呼(salutation)
称呼是对收信人的尊称语，自成一行，与信内地址上下排齐。在美国用“My Dear”比用“Dear”还要客气，而英国的用法恰巧相反。与一个陌生的人通信一般用“Dear Sir/Madam”。另外需要注意的是称呼后面用逗号。
4．正文(body)
正文是书信的核心部分。正文的写作必须注意以下几点：
(1)正文从低于称呼一至二行处写起，每段第一行向内缩进约五个字母，转行顶格。正文也采用并列式的写法，即每行都顶格。
(2)对于非常正式的书信，开头句很重要。
另外，信的内容中的每个段落，只能有一个中心思想，这样看信的人可以清楚、明白你所要表达的内容。为了表达清楚，还要尽可能地用短句，少用长句、难句。段落也宜短不宜长，尤其开头和结尾两段更应简短。
(3)正式的书信词语要庄重，决不可用俗语和省略词。
5．结尾语(complimentary close)
结尾语就是结尾的客套语。一般写于正文下空一两行后，第一个字母大写，末尾用逗号。结尾语措辞的变化依据情况而定，通常有以下几种：
(1)写给单位、团体或不相识的人的信可用：
Yours (very) truly，(very) Truly yours
Yours (very) faithfully，(very) Faithfully yours
(2)写给尊长、上级的信可用：
Yours (very) respectfully，Yours (very) obediently，Yours gratefully，Yours appreciatively，也可以将Yours放在后面。
(3)给亲戚或密友的信可用：
Yours，Yours ever，Yours affectionately，Your devoted friend，Lovingly yours，Your loving son(father，mother，nephew...)
以上各种情况yours无论放在前面或是放在后面都可以，但不可省去。
6．签名(signature)
签名是在结尾客套语的下面，稍偏右，对于正式书信而言，签名一定要写全自己的姓名。
常用句式
1．写信给他人
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we had yesterday.
the discussion可以换成(the lecture/meeting/activity)；we可以换成our class/our school；yesterday可以换成 last week/last Friday。
I’m writing to ask if you can come next week.
2．回信给他人
Your letter came to me this morning.
I have received your letter of July 20th.
Thank you for your letter.
3．信件结尾常用语
Please remember me to your whole family.
Wish you a pleasant journey./Wish you success./Wish you the best of health.
Looking forward to your next visit to China./Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you.
Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Hoping to hear from you soon.
Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
With best regards to your family./With love and good wishes.
写作要求
假定你是某中学的学生李华。请用英语给出版社的编辑写封信，表达你对现在使用的英语材料的看法，内容主要包括：
优点：1.话题广泛；
2．图片丰富；
3．有助于提高学习兴趣。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
应用文
话题
提出建议
时态
一般现在时
人称
第一人称
词句推敲
1．词汇热身
(1)谈论，讨论 ________________
(2)出版，发行；出版……的著作 ________________
(3)有利条件；益处；优越(性) ________________
(4)多样；种类；多样化 ________________
(5)建议/提议做…… ________________
答案：(1)talk about (2)publish (3)advantage
(4)a variety of (5)suggest doing sth.
2．句式预演
(1)我写信是想和你们谈论你们出版社出版的英语课本。
一般表达：
I am writing to talk about the English textbooks which were published by your house.
高级表达：(用过去分词)
I am writing to talk about the English textbooks ____________ by your house.
(2)课文中配有漂亮的彩色插图，这有助于我们更好地理解英语。
一般表达：
There are many beautiful and colorful pictures along with the texts.The pictures can help us understand English better.
高级表达：(用非限制性定语从句)
Along with the texts there are many beautiful and colorful pictures，____________ can help us understand English better.
(3)学生们过去不喜欢英语，现在对英语感兴趣了。
一般表达：
The students didn’t like English，but now they are interested in the subject.
高级表达：(用高级词汇used to，turn out)
The students ____________ dislike English have ____________ interested in the subject now.
答案：(1)published (2)which (3)who used to；turned out to be
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Editor，
As a student reader，I am writing to talk about the English textbooks published by your house.These books have many advantages.One of them is that we can find a variety of topics，such as science，culture and history.These topics，I think，are very popular with us students.What’s more，along with the texts there are many beautiful and colorful pictures，which can help us understand English better.Even the students who used to dislike English have turned out to be interested in the subject now.However，some of the texts have too many new words and expressions which are hard for us.Therefore，I’d like to suggest changing them into easier ones.
Best regards，
Li Hua
A卷
单句语法填空
1．A case of suspected food poisoning in New York has led to 6 high school students ____________ (send) to hospital.
答案：being sent
2．____________ (judge) by the accent，the man must come from the south.
答案：Judging
3．The rare fish，____________ (save) from the cooking pot，has been returned to the sea.
答案：saved
4．When I came back from shopping，I found my iPhone ____________(steal)．
答案：stolen
5．The movie originally ____________ (intend) for children under 12 is now being used to educate adults.
答案：intended
6．____________(discuss) many times，the problems were settled at last.
答案：Discussed
7．____________ (remind) not to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.
答案：Reminded
8．Last Sunday，thousands of travelers remained ____________(stick) inside the mountains in Tibet due to the worst snowstorm in years.
答案：stuck
9．The big fire blocked the stairs，leaving dozens of people ____________ (trap) on the top of the building.
答案：trapped
10．____________ (accustom) to climbing the steep mountain，he had no difficulty reaching the top.
答案：Accustomed
阅读理解
Many automobile makers present their newest designs at car shows around the world.Many designers seek to create the car of the future.One device that is popular among car manufacturers(生产商) is an autopilot.Autopilot permits a car to drive itself without human control.
A recent car show in Geneva，Switzerland also presented other possible designs，including cars manufactured in 3D printers.
Rinspeed is a Swiss design company.It showed a vehicle based on the US electric car Tesla Model S, but the Rinspeed car includes a large television and an espresso coffee maker.
Frank Rinderknecht is the CEO of Rinspeed.He says he does not want to just sit and watch the steering wheel(方向盘) turn as he rides in a car with autopilot.
“I want to ride, I want to sleep, relax, watch movies, news, anything else.So that’s the vision which we have.That one day on the boring motorway traffic，you just do anything which makes your life better，” said Rinderknecht.
One of the most interesting ideas presented at the show is a car built on a 3D printer.The German engineering firm EDAG designed the car.The body of the vehicle called“Genesis”is printed in one piece from a material called thermoplastic(热塑性塑料)．
Christoph Horvath is a spokesman for EDAG.
“To create a car without the use of any tool.This would be a real revolution for the industry，” said Horvath.
EDAG says it based its design on a turtle shell.The company says the design provides the right amount of strength and firmness.
Other automakers did not look so far into the future.Czech automaker Skoda presented its “Vision C” model vehicle.The car has an environmentally friendly natural gas engine.
Jo Davidson is a company spokeswoman.She says the car releases very low levels of the pollutant gas CO2.Ms Davidson says the “Vision C” plans to be launched in two years.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日内瓦车展展示出的未来汽车的几种设计。
1．Why is an autopilot popular among car manufacturers?
A．Because it can get a car to drive itself.
B．Because it can make a car more modern.
C．Because it may let a car fly in the sky freely.
D．Because it has a car moving in a particular direction.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One device that is popular among car manufacturers(生产商) is an autopilot.Autopilot permits a car to drive itself without human control.”可知答案。
2．What do we know about the vehicle called “Genesis”？
A．It is designed by the American engineering firm.
B．The body of the vehicle is built on a 3D printer.
C．Frank Rinderknecht is the designer of the car.
D．The car was mainly made from the turtle shell.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“...a car built on a 3D printer.”以及“The body of the vehicle called ‘Genesis’ is printed in one piece from a material called thermoplastic(热塑性塑料)．”可知答案。
3．What is the common feature of the cars?
A．They are all made from thermoplastic.
B．They all belong to the cars of the future.
C．All the designs are based on a turtle shell.
D．They all have environmentally friendly natural gas engine.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Many designers seek to create the car of the future.”以及下文的介绍，特别是多次出现的单词design都可以推知，这些汽车都是未来的汽车设想。故选B。
4．Where can we most probably read this text?
A．In an economic report.
B．In a short story.
C．In a travel magazine.
D．In a technology report.
D 解析：文章出处题。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了未来汽车的几种设计，故应出自技术方面的报告。故选D。
完形填空
Most stress is internal(内在的), caused by the way in which we relate to the world and events and people around ourselves.Stress is __1__ when there is a disconnection between our __2__ and our reality.When reality falls short of an expectation, it __3__ disappointment and that causes stress.
For example, let us say you drove your car to work today，your car was __4__ in the nearby parking lot, and you would leave __5__ today at 5: 00 p．m.You probably had an expectation that your car would be right where you __6__ it when you got to the parking lot this afternoon.Well, what if you were to __7__ at 5: 00 p．m.that your car had __8__？ I would imagine most of us would feel some __9__ if our car had been stolen!
But, what if you returned to the parking lot this afternoon and your car was __10__ where you left it this morning? You would insert (插入) the key and drive away.Would you __11__ stress over finding your car where you left it? No.Because when expectation and reality __12__，you don’t feel stress.
__13__ most of us will experience those larger __14__ in life, they are typically few so that our bodies have a __15__ to cope(应对) and recover.Rather, it is all the little disappointments that will really build up our stress.
The __16__？ Bring your realities up to your expectations.How? Through __17__ daily planning.Make sure that you plan to do the little things you want and expect to be done __18__ all the things you “have-to”do during the day.Build a daily action list that __19__ both the “have-to’s” and the “want-to’s”．Prioritize(排序) this list and handle them in the order of their __20__ to you.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。当期望与现实脱节时， 人们就会感到压力。有效的日常计划可以帮助减轻压力。
1．A.reduced B．managed
C．caused D．placed
C 解析：由上文...caused by the way...可知，此处是说什么情况下会“导致(caused)”压力。
2．A.dreams B．expectations
C．facts D．plans
B 解析：由下文中的When reality falls short of an expectation...causes stress.可知， 当我们的“期望(expectations)”与现实脱节时就会导致压力。
3．A.creates B．shows
C．follows D．avoids
A 解析：当现实没能达到期望时， 就会“产生(creates)”失望， 从而导致压力。
4．A.repaired B．parked
C．produced D．washed
B 解析：由下文中的parking lot可知， 你把车“停(parked)”在附近的停车场。
5．A.home B．school
C．class D．work
D 解析：由上文中的you drove your car to work可知， 此处指下午五点“下班(leave work)”。
6．A.got B．passed
C．left D．missed
C 解析：早上上班把车停放在停车场， 那下午下班自然是期望你的车就在你“停放(left)”的地方。
7．A.discover B．predict
C．imagine D．admit
A 解析：由上下文可知，此处是说“如果你下午5点发现(discover)……怎么办”。
8．A.started B．disappeared
C．stopped D．closed
B 解析：由下文中的our car had been stolen可知， 如果你发现你的车“不见了(disappeared)”呢？
9．A.stress B．fright
C．pain D．calmness
A 解析：发现车被偷， 我们中的大多数人会感到“压力(stress)”。
10．A.especially B．probably
C．exactly D．simply
C 解析：由上文中的right where you...it可知， 你的车“正好(exactly)”就在你早上停放的地方。
11．A.realize B．face
C．recognize D．experience
D 解析：由下文的feel stress可知， 此处表达的意思与其一致， 所以用“experience stress”， 表示“感到压力”。
12．A.add up B．match up
C．show up D．mix up
B 解析：由下文中的you don’t feel stress可知， 期望与现实“相吻合(match up)”。
13．A.Unless B．Since
C．When D．While
D 解析：由下文中的they are typically few可知， 前后句之间是让步关系， 故用“尽管(While)”。
14．A.changes B．challenges
C．disappointments D．failures
C 解析：尽管我们大多数人在生活中会经历那些较大的“失望(disappointments)”……
15．A.right B．wish
C．system D．chance
D 解析：但是这样的失望通常很少， 所以我们的身体有“机会(chance)”应对和恢复。
16．A.result B．process
C．goal D．solution
D 解析：由上下文语境可知， 此处指“解决办法(solution)”。
17．A.effective B．casual
C．new D．immediate
A 解析：“有效的(effective)”日常计划可以使得现实与期望达成一致。
18．A.as for B．in case of
C．instead of D．in addition to
D 解析：由下文中的both the “have-to’s” and the “want-to’s”可知， “除了(in addition to)”你需要做的事情， 保证做一些你想做的事情。
19．A.separates B．introduces
C．includes D．contributes
C 解析：此处承接上一句， 作者建议列一个每日行动单， “包括(includes)”你需要做的事情和你想做的事情。
20．A.necessity B．importance
C．time D．size
B 解析：由上文中的Prioritize可知， 按照“重要性(importance)”的先后顺序来处理这些事情。
B卷
阅读理解
A
According to the Greek branch of WWF，the brown bear is in danger in our country.Its population is about 100－150 bears.We find it in Central and Northern Pindos and also in Western Rodopi.
Another species in danger, not only in Greece but also all over Europe，is the lynx(山猫)，the biggest European feline.Very few lynxes live now in Greece because of the hunting for their fur and because of the damage they cause in stockbreeding(畜牧业)．We find them in the mountain range of Pindos and in forests in the Northern borders of our country.
The Mediterranean seal is the most threatened mammal in Europe.It has disappeared from the European coasts of the Mediterranean Sea and that’s why Greece is very important for its protection.The main reasons for its disappearance are the damage of its living areas，the killing by fishermen because of the damages it does to their nets，the lack of food and the pollution of the sea.
Animal in danger in Europe is also the wolf.Greece is one of the European countries where the wolf seems to be found in a satisfying amount.But still，they are not more than 500.The wolf lives in almost the whole mainland, except Peloponnisos from where it was disappeared during the 40’s decade.It_also_lives_in_the_mountains_of_Sterea_Hellas,_but_there_isn’t_a_permanent_population_there.
The deer, the biggest vegetarian animal in Greece，is under an immediate danger.Because of the exaggerated(过大的) hunting its populations are minimised and today there are very few left only in the peninsula(半岛) of Sithonia, the mountain range of Rodopi and Parnassos.
1．Where does the brown bear live according to the passage?
A．Sterea Hellas. B．Sithonia.
C．Eastern Rodopi. D．Pindos.
D 解析：由第一段最后一句可知，大棕熊的栖息地在Northern Pindos和Western Rodopi。
2．Which is the biggest vegetarian animal in Greece?
A．The brown bear.
B．The Mediterranean seal.
C．The wolf.
D．The deer.
D 解析：由文章最后一段第一句可知，希腊最大的食草动物是鹿。
3．Which of the following is NOT the reason for the Mediterranean seal’s disappearance?
A．The living habits.
B．The damage of its living areas.
C．The killing by the fishermen.
D．The lack of food and the pollution of the sea.
A 解析：由第三段第三句可知，地中海海豹消失的主要原因有生存地的破坏，渔民的猎杀以及食物短缺和海水污染。
4．What can we infer from the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?
A．In Sterea Hellas there are still many wolves living there.
B．Wolves only visit Sterea Hellas at times.
C．In Sterea Hellas people still hunt wolves for furs.
D．In Sterea Hellas wolves live a good life.
B 解析：由画线句子可知，这些狼只是不时地去那里居住，斯特瑞亚哈拉斯地区的山脉并不是它们永久的居住地。
B
Can you believe everything that you read? It seems as if every day，some new articles come out about a new discovery or this or that.For example，water is bad for you，or good for you.The answer depends on which scientific study has just come out.People seem to not be able to decide which food items are healthy，how the pyramids were constructed，and why the dinosaurs disappeared.When we look for answers we can find findings from various researchers and scientists.But how trustworthy are they really?
As far back as 1726，Johann Beringer was fooled by his fellow scientists into thinking he had made an amazing discovery.The fossils(化石) of spiders，lizards，and even birds with the name of God written on them in Hebrew were unlike anything that had been found before.He wrote several papers on them and was famous for these only to have it revealed that they were planted by jealous colleagues to ruin his reputation.
When an early human being called Piltdown man was discovered in 1912，scientists at that time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution.There were hundreds of papers written about this Piltdown man over the next fifty years until it was finally discovered to be a complex hoax(骗局)．The skull of a man had been mixed with the jawbone of an orangutan(猩猩) to make the bone of the Piltdown man.
The next time you read the exciting new findings of a study of the best scientist，do not automatically assume that it is true.Even qualified people can get it wrong，either on purpose or not.While we certainly should not ignore scientific research，we do need to take it with a grain of salt.Just that it is accepted as the truth today does not mean it will still be trustworthy tomorrow.
【解题导语】 人们由于对许多东西不了解，所以依赖科学家。然而并非所有的科学研究成果都是真实可信的。
5．What CANNOT we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．Most people do not totally believe in scientists’ theory as before.
B．Scientists still don’t reach an agreement on how the pyramids were built.
C．Different scientists have different opinions on the same question.
D．There are some new discoveries being made public almost every day.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句It seems as if every day，some new articles come out about a new discovery or this or that.可知D正确；根据第五、六句可知B、C正确，故答案选A。
6．The excited scientists at first thought that the Piltdown man ________．
A．was in fact a complex hoax
B．was a great scientific invention
C．would contribute to the theory of evolution
D．would help people learn about orangutans
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的...scientists at that time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution.可知C为正确答案。
7．The author may agree with the idea that________．
A．scientific research is important although there may be wrong findings
B．methods of scientific research should develop with time
C．truths of science will never be out of time
D．only famous scientists are trustworthy
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的While we certainly should not ignore scientific research，we do need to take it with a grain of salt.可知A项正确。
C
Do you know what to do if you see a bird with a broken wing in your backyard, or a hurt raccoon(浣熊) by the side of the road？Use your phone!
It’s never a good idea to touch a wild animal or to try to help one without professional guidance.The animal might be dangerous to you，and you could cause further injury without meaning to.
That’s why the wildlife-rescue organization Animal Watch has created a new mobile app.The app helps users find the right solutions for animals that need urgent(紧急的) care.
Animal Help Now uses your phone’s GPS to find where the animal is located.Then the app asks questions about the animal：Is it wild or raised by humans？Is it a pet or a farm animal？Could the animal put humans in danger?
Based on the location, the time of day, the type of animal, and the injury, Animal Help Now will suggest a care provider that’s right for your situation.For wild animals, the app might suggest a nearby rescue facility that specializes in wounded wildlife.Or it might point you to registered care takers who nurse animals that have been hurt in the wild back to health.For pets or farm animals, the app lists the nearest veterinarians(兽医) who care for the type of animal that has been injured.
“The app is designed to work even when you don’t have cell or Internet access, ”Animal Watch director Dave Crawford tells National Public Radio.
“So whether you’re driving through a remote area on the eastern Colorado plains, hiking a trail in Rocky Mountain National Park, or simply passing through a dead zone on your way to work, you’ll still be able to immediately find the help you need.” For now, Animal Help Now works only in Colorado, where Animal Watch is based.But the organization hopes to include information for users across the country.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了Animal Watch组织开发的一款手机应用软件，该软件可以通过人们所提供的受伤动物的信息来帮助人们拯救这些动物。
8．If you help injured animals by yourself, you may ________．
A．become a danger to them
B．do more harm to them
C．make them become wilder
D．leave them in a dangerous situation
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，假如你自己独自帮助那些受伤的动物的话，你可能无意中对其造成更大的伤害。故选B。
9．It can be inferred that Animal Help Now is ________．
A．an organization B．a website
C．a mobile app D．a company
C 解析：推理判断题。结合第四段以及第五段的前两句可知，这是一款手机应用软件(app)。
10．According to Dave, the app ________．
A．can work anywhere in Colorado
B．stops working on your way back
C．includes information across the country
D．needs to have access to the Internet
A 解析：细节理解题。结合最后两段可知，这个应用软件只要在科罗拉多就能使用。
11．The best title for the passage may be ________．
A．Helping the Injured Animals in Time
B．Saving Animals with Your Phone
C．Providing Care for Wild Animals
D．Making a Call to Help Animals
B 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了Animal Watch组织开发了一款手机应用软件，该软件可以通过人们所提供的受伤动物的信息来帮助人们拯救这些动物。故B项作本文标题最佳。
书面表达
假设你是李华，正在英国伦敦某高中学习，你得知校学生会正在组织一次外国学生伦敦一日游活动，你有意参加。请你发一封电子邮件咨询下列问题：
1．时间；
2．主要景点；
3．准备工作。
注意：1.词数100左右，信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chairman，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear_Chairman，
Having learned that you are planning to organize a one-day trip around London for foreign students, I expect to join in the activity. Thank you for giving us the opportunity to enjoy the beauty of London. But I have something more to consult you.
First of all, would you please tell me when we will start and return? Only by knowing the exact time can I make a decision about whether I can join in it. In addition, I wonder what tourist attractions we will visit. I hope the London Eye and the British Museum are on the list. Were I honored to be given the chance, what should I prepare?
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
课件67张PPT。Unit 3 Science and nature本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
A卷
单句语法填空
1．A case of suspected food poisoning in New York has led to 6 high school students ____________ (send) to hospital.
答案：being sent
2．____________ (judge) by the accent，the man must come from the south.
答案：Judging
3．The rare fish，____________ (save) from the cooking pot，has been returned to the sea.
答案：saved
4．When I came back from shopping，I found my iPhone ____________(steal)．
答案：stolen
5．The movie originally ____________ (intend) for children under 12 is now being used to educate adults.
答案：intended
6．____________(discuss) many times，the problems were settled at last.
答案：Discussed
7．____________ (remind) not to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.
答案：Reminded
8．Last Sunday，thousands of travelers remained ____________(stick) inside the mountains in Tibet due to the worst snowstorm in years.
答案：stuck
9．The big fire blocked the stairs，leaving dozens of people ____________ (trap) on the top of the building.
答案：trapped
10．____________ (accustom) to climbing the steep mountain，he had no difficulty reaching the top.
答案：Accustomed
阅读理解
Many automobile makers present their newest designs at car shows around the world.Many designers seek to create the car of the future.One device that is popular among car manufacturers(生产商) is an autopilot.Autopilot permits a car to drive itself without human control.
A recent car show in Geneva，Switzerland also presented other possible designs，including cars manufactured in 3D printers.
Rinspeed is a Swiss design company.It showed a vehicle based on the US electric car Tesla Model S, but the Rinspeed car includes a large television and an espresso coffee maker.
Frank Rinderknecht is the CEO of Rinspeed.He says he does not want to just sit and watch the steering wheel(方向盘) turn as he rides in a car with autopilot.
“I want to ride, I want to sleep, relax, watch movies, news, anything else.So that’s the vision which we have.That one day on the boring motorway traffic，you just do anything which makes your life better，” said Rinderknecht.
One of the most interesting ideas presented at the show is a car built on a 3D printer.The German engineering firm EDAG designed the car.The body of the vehicle called“Genesis”is printed in one piece from a material called thermoplastic(热塑性塑料)．
Christoph Horvath is a spokesman for EDAG.
“To create a car without the use of any tool.This would be a real revolution for the industry，” said Horvath.
EDAG says it based its design on a turtle shell.The company says the design provides the right amount of strength and firmness.
Other automakers did not look so far into the future.Czech automaker Skoda presented its “Vision C” model vehicle.The car has an environmentally friendly natural gas engine.
Jo Davidson is a company spokeswoman.She says the car releases very low levels of the pollutant gas CO2.Ms Davidson says the “Vision C” plans to be launched in two years.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日内瓦车展展示出的未来汽车的几种设计。
1．Why is an autopilot popular among car manufacturers?
A．Because it can get a car to drive itself.
B．Because it can make a car more modern.
C．Because it may let a car fly in the sky freely.
D．Because it has a car moving in a particular direction.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One device that is popular among car manufacturers(生产商) is an autopilot.Autopilot permits a car to drive itself without human control.”可知答案。
2．What do we know about the vehicle called “Genesis”？
A．It is designed by the American engineering firm.
B．The body of the vehicle is built on a 3D printer.
C．Frank Rinderknecht is the designer of the car.
D．The car was mainly made from the turtle shell.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第六段中的“...a car built on a 3D printer.”以及“The body of the vehicle called ‘Genesis’ is printed in one piece from a material called thermoplastic(热塑性塑料)．”可知答案。
3．What is the common feature of the cars?
A．They are all made from thermoplastic.
B．They all belong to the cars of the future.
C．All the designs are based on a turtle shell.
D．They all have environmentally friendly natural gas engine.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Many designers seek to create the car of the future.”以及下文的介绍，特别是多次出现的单词design都可以推知，这些汽车都是未来的汽车设想。故选B。
4．Where can we most probably read this text?
A．In an economic report.
B．In a short story.
C．In a travel magazine.
D．In a technology report.
D 解析：文章出处题。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了未来汽车的几种设计，故应出自技术方面的报告。故选D。
完形填空
Most stress is internal(内在的), caused by the way in which we relate to the world and events and people around ourselves.Stress is __1__ when there is a disconnection between our __2__ and our reality.When reality falls short of an expectation, it __3__ disappointment and that causes stress.
For example, let us say you drove your car to work today，your car was __4__ in the nearby parking lot, and you would leave __5__ today at 5: 00 p．m.You probably had an expectation that your car would be right where you __6__ it when you got to the parking lot this afternoon.Well, what if you were to __7__ at 5: 00 p．m.that your car had __8__？ I would imagine most of us would feel some __9__ if our car had been stolen!
But, what if you returned to the parking lot this afternoon and your car was __10__ where you left it this morning? You would insert (插入) the key and drive away.Would you __11__ stress over finding your car where you left it? No.Because when expectation and reality __12__，you don’t feel stress.
__13__ most of us will experience those larger __14__ in life, they are typically few so that our bodies have a __15__ to cope(应对) and recover.Rather, it is all the little disappointments that will really build up our stress.
The __16__？ Bring your realities up to your expectations.How? Through __17__ daily planning.Make sure that you plan to do the little things you want and expect to be done __18__ all the things you “have-to”do during the day.Build a daily action list that __19__ both the “have-to’s” and the “want-to’s”．Prioritize(排序) this list and handle them in the order of their __20__ to you.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。当期望与现实脱节时， 人们就会感到压力。有效的日常计划可以帮助减轻压力。
1．A.reduced B．managed
C．caused D．placed
C 解析：由上文...caused by the way...可知，此处是说什么情况下会“导致(caused)”压力。
2．A.dreams B．expectations
C．facts D．plans
B 解析：由下文中的When reality falls short of an expectation...causes stress.可知， 当我们的“期望(expectations)”与现实脱节时就会导致压力。
3．A.creates B．shows
C．follows D．avoids
A 解析：当现实没能达到期望时， 就会“产生(creates)”失望， 从而导致压力。
4．A.repaired B．parked
C．produced D．washed
B 解析：由下文中的parking lot可知， 你把车“停(parked)”在附近的停车场。
5．A.home B．school
C．class D．work
D 解析：由上文中的you drove your car to work可知， 此处指下午五点“下班(leave work)”。
6．A.got B．passed
C．left D．missed
C 解析：早上上班把车停放在停车场， 那下午下班自然是期望你的车就在你“停放(left)”的地方。
7．A.discover B．predict
C．imagine D．admit
A 解析：由上下文可知，此处是说“如果你下午5点发现(discover)……怎么办”。
8．A.started B．disappeared
C．stopped D．closed
B 解析：由下文中的our car had been stolen可知， 如果你发现你的车“不见了(disappeared)”呢？
9．A.stress B．fright
C．pain D．calmness
A 解析：发现车被偷， 我们中的大多数人会感到“压力(stress)”。
10．A.especially B．probably
C．exactly D．simply
C 解析：由上文中的right where you...it可知， 你的车“正好(exactly)”就在你早上停放的地方。
11．A.realize B．face
C．recognize D．experience
D 解析：由下文的feel stress可知， 此处表达的意思与其一致， 所以用“experience stress”， 表示“感到压力”。
12．A.add up B．match up
C．show up D．mix up
B 解析：由下文中的you don’t feel stress可知， 期望与现实“相吻合(match up)”。
13．A.Unless B．Since
C．When D．While
D 解析：由下文中的they are typically few可知， 前后句之间是让步关系， 故用“尽管(While)”。
14．A.changes B．challenges
C．disappointments D．failures
C 解析：尽管我们大多数人在生活中会经历那些较大的“失望(disappointments)”……
15．A.right B．wish
C．system D．chance
D 解析：但是这样的失望通常很少， 所以我们的身体有“机会(chance)”应对和恢复。
16．A.result B．process
C．goal D．solution
D 解析：由上下文语境可知， 此处指“解决办法(solution)”。
17．A.effective B．casual
C．new D．immediate
A 解析：“有效的(effective)”日常计划可以使得现实与期望达成一致。
18．A.as for B．in case of
C．instead of D．in addition to
D 解析：由下文中的both the “have-to’s” and the “want-to’s”可知， “除了(in addition to)”你需要做的事情， 保证做一些你想做的事情。
19．A.separates B．introduces
C．includes D．contributes
C 解析：此处承接上一句， 作者建议列一个每日行动单， “包括(includes)”你需要做的事情和你想做的事情。
20．A.necessity B．importance
C．time D．size
B 解析：由上文中的Prioritize可知， 按照“重要性(importance)”的先后顺序来处理这些事情。
B卷
阅读理解
A
According to the Greek branch of WWF，the brown bear is in danger in our country.Its population is about 100－150 bears.We find it in Central and Northern Pindos and also in Western Rodopi.
Another species in danger, not only in Greece but also all over Europe，is the lynx(山猫)，the biggest European feline.Very few lynxes live now in Greece because of the hunting for their fur and because of the damage they cause in stockbreeding(畜牧业)．We find them in the mountain range of Pindos and in forests in the Northern borders of our country.
The Mediterranean seal is the most threatened mammal in Europe.It has disappeared from the European coasts of the Mediterranean Sea and that’s why Greece is very important for its protection.The main reasons for its disappearance are the damage of its living areas，the killing by fishermen because of the damages it does to their nets，the lack of food and the pollution of the sea.
Animal in danger in Europe is also the wolf.Greece is one of the European countries where the wolf seems to be found in a satisfying amount.But still，they are not more than 500.The wolf lives in almost the whole mainland, except Peloponnisos from where it was disappeared during the 40’s decade.It_also_lives_in_the_mountains_of_Sterea_Hellas,_but_there_isn’t_a_permanent_population_there.
The deer, the biggest vegetarian animal in Greece，is under an immediate danger.Because of the exaggerated(过大的) hunting its populations are minimised and today there are very few left only in the peninsula(半岛) of Sithonia, the mountain range of Rodopi and Parnassos.
1．Where does the brown bear live according to the passage?
A．Sterea Hellas. B．Sithonia.
C．Eastern Rodopi. D．Pindos.
D 解析：由第一段最后一句可知，大棕熊的栖息地在Northern Pindos和Western Rodopi。
2．Which is the biggest vegetarian animal in Greece?
A．The brown bear.
B．The Mediterranean seal.
C．The wolf.
D．The deer.
D 解析：由文章最后一段第一句可知，希腊最大的食草动物是鹿。
3．Which of the following is NOT the reason for the Mediterranean seal’s disappearance?
A．The living habits.
B．The damage of its living areas.
C．The killing by the fishermen.
D．The lack of food and the pollution of the sea.
A 解析：由第三段第三句可知，地中海海豹消失的主要原因有生存地的破坏，渔民的猎杀以及食物短缺和海水污染。
4．What can we infer from the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?
A．In Sterea Hellas there are still many wolves living there.
B．Wolves only visit Sterea Hellas at times.
C．In Sterea Hellas people still hunt wolves for furs.
D．In Sterea Hellas wolves live a good life.
B 解析：由画线句子可知，这些狼只是不时地去那里居住，斯特瑞亚哈拉斯地区的山脉并不是它们永久的居住地。
B
Can you believe everything that you read? It seems as if every day，some new articles come out about a new discovery or this or that.For example，water is bad for you，or good for you.The answer depends on which scientific study has just come out.People seem to not be able to decide which food items are healthy，how the pyramids were constructed，and why the dinosaurs disappeared.When we look for answers we can find findings from various researchers and scientists.But how trustworthy are they really?
As far back as 1726，Johann Beringer was fooled by his fellow scientists into thinking he had made an amazing discovery.The fossils(化石) of spiders，lizards，and even birds with the name of God written on them in Hebrew were unlike anything that had been found before.He wrote several papers on them and was famous for these only to have it revealed that they were planted by jealous colleagues to ruin his reputation.
When an early human being called Piltdown man was discovered in 1912，scientists at that time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution.There were hundreds of papers written about this Piltdown man over the next fifty years until it was finally discovered to be a complex hoax(骗局)．The skull of a man had been mixed with the jawbone of an orangutan(猩猩) to make the bone of the Piltdown man.
The next time you read the exciting new findings of a study of the best scientist，do not automatically assume that it is true.Even qualified people can get it wrong，either on purpose or not.While we certainly should not ignore scientific research，we do need to take it with a grain of salt.Just that it is accepted as the truth today does not mean it will still be trustworthy tomorrow.
【解题导语】 人们由于对许多东西不了解，所以依赖科学家。然而并非所有的科学研究成果都是真实可信的。
5．What CANNOT we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．Most people do not totally believe in scientists’ theory as before.
B．Scientists still don’t reach an agreement on how the pyramids were built.
C．Different scientists have different opinions on the same question.
D．There are some new discoveries being made public almost every day.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句It seems as if every day，some new articles come out about a new discovery or this or that.可知D正确；根据第五、六句可知B、C正确，故答案选A。
6．The excited scientists at first thought that the Piltdown man ________．
A．was in fact a complex hoax
B．was a great scientific invention
C．would contribute to the theory of evolution
D．would help people learn about orangutans
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的...scientists at that time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution.可知C为正确答案。
7．The author may agree with the idea that________．
A．scientific research is important although there may be wrong findings
B．methods of scientific research should develop with time
C．truths of science will never be out of time
D．only famous scientists are trustworthy
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的While we certainly should not ignore scientific research，we do need to take it with a grain of salt.可知A项正确。
C
Do you know what to do if you see a bird with a broken wing in your backyard, or a hurt raccoon(浣熊) by the side of the road？Use your phone!
It’s never a good idea to touch a wild animal or to try to help one without professional guidance.The animal might be dangerous to you，and you could cause further injury without meaning to.
That’s why the wildlife-rescue organization Animal Watch has created a new mobile app.The app helps users find the right solutions for animals that need urgent(紧急的) care.
Animal Help Now uses your phone’s GPS to find where the animal is located.Then the app asks questions about the animal：Is it wild or raised by humans？Is it a pet or a farm animal？Could the animal put humans in danger?
Based on the location, the time of day, the type of animal, and the injury, Animal Help Now will suggest a care provider that’s right for your situation.For wild animals, the app might suggest a nearby rescue facility that specializes in wounded wildlife.Or it might point you to registered care takers who nurse animals that have been hurt in the wild back to health.For pets or farm animals, the app lists the nearest veterinarians(兽医) who care for the type of animal that has been injured.
“The app is designed to work even when you don’t have cell or Internet access, ”Animal Watch director Dave Crawford tells National Public Radio.
“So whether you’re driving through a remote area on the eastern Colorado plains, hiking a trail in Rocky Mountain National Park, or simply passing through a dead zone on your way to work, you’ll still be able to immediately find the help you need.” For now, Animal Help Now works only in Colorado, where Animal Watch is based.But the organization hopes to include information for users across the country.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了Animal Watch组织开发的一款手机应用软件，该软件可以通过人们所提供的受伤动物的信息来帮助人们拯救这些动物。
8．If you help injured animals by yourself, you may ________．
A．become a danger to them
B．do more harm to them
C．make them become wilder
D．leave them in a dangerous situation
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，假如你自己独自帮助那些受伤的动物的话，你可能无意中对其造成更大的伤害。故选B。
9．It can be inferred that Animal Help Now is ________．
A．an organization B．a website
C．a mobile app D．a company
C 解析：推理判断题。结合第四段以及第五段的前两句可知，这是一款手机应用软件(app)。
10．According to Dave, the app ________．
A．can work anywhere in Colorado
B．stops working on your way back
C．includes information across the country
D．needs to have access to the Internet
A 解析：细节理解题。结合最后两段可知，这个应用软件只要在科罗拉多就能使用。
11．The best title for the passage may be ________．
A．Helping the Injured Animals in Time
B．Saving Animals with Your Phone
C．Providing Care for Wild Animals
D．Making a Call to Help Animals
B 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了Animal Watch组织开发了一款手机应用软件，该软件可以通过人们所提供的受伤动物的信息来帮助人们拯救这些动物。故B项作本文标题最佳。
书面表达
假设你是李华，正在英国伦敦某高中学习，你得知校学生会正在组织一次外国学生伦敦一日游活动，你有意参加。请你发一封电子邮件咨询下列问题：
1．时间；
2．主要景点；
3．准备工作。
注意：1.词数100左右，信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chairman，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear_Chairman，
Having learned that you are planning to organize a one-day trip around London for foreign students, I expect to join in the activity. Thank you for giving us the opportunity to enjoy the beauty of London. But I have something more to consult you.
First of all, would you please tell me when we will start and return? Only by knowing the exact time can I make a decision about whether I can join in it. In addition, I wonder what tourist attractions we will visit. I hope the London Eye and the British Museum are on the list. Were I honored to be given the chance, what should I prepare?
I’m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
重点单词
1．adopt vt. 收养，领养；采用，采纳
2．consequence n. 结果，后果
3．concept n. 概念；观念
4．breakthrough n. 突破
5．judgement n. 判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决
【构词】 后缀-ment……的行为/组织；常见词：movement运动 development发展 government政府
6．relation n. 关系；亲戚
7．conduct vt. 实施；指挥乐队
n. 行为；品行
8．original adj. 原来的，起初的；首创的；
非复制的
origin n. 起源
originally adv. 最初；起初
9．consideration n. 仔细考虑；必须考虑的因
素；体谅，顾及
considerate adj. 体贴的，考虑周到的
consider vt. 考虑
considerable adj. (数量，程度等)可观的，相当的
10．reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的
11．accurate adj. 准确的，精确的
12．brief adj. 短时间的，短暂的；简洁的，
简单的
13．confirm vi.&vt. 证实，证明；确认；使确信
confirm one’s belief 坚定信念
It has been confirmed that... 已经确定……
14．resource n. 资源
15．income n. 收入，收益
16．profit n. 利润，收益
vt.&vi. 获益；对……有用
17．intention n. 意图，目的；企图
(1)intend v． 打算
(2)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
be intended to_do/for sth. 专门为……；专门给……
intend that...(should)_do sth. 打算做……
18.anxiety n． 忧虑，焦虑，不安
anxious adj. 忧虑的
19．hunger n. 饥饿；饥荒
hungry adj. 饥饿的；渴望的
20．transform vt. 使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方
向)；使改变形态
(1)transform...into... 把……改变成……
transform from...to... 从……中转变成……
(2)transformation n. (彻底)改观
21．frighten vt. 使惊吓，使惊恐
frightening adj. 令人害怕的
frightened adj. 感到害怕的
22．profession n. 职业，行业
professional adj. 专业的，职业的
23．majority n. 多数，大多数
major adj. 主要的
vt.&n. 主修；专业
24．permission n. 准许，许可，批准
permit v．&n. 许可；许可证
permit＋n./pron./doing 允许(做)……
permit sb.to_do sth. 允许某人做某事
重点短语
1．point_out 指出
2．in_general 一般说来，总体而言
3．with_the_intention_of... 以……为意图
4．push_ahead_with 义无反顾地进行，努力推进
5．for_sale 供出售，待销售
6．be_in_agreement_with... 和……一致
7．put...in_place 准备就绪，布置妥当
8．get/be_burnt_out 耗尽体力，累垮
9．take...into_consideration 认真考虑
10．in_favour_of 赞同，支持
11．hesitate_to_do... 做……犹豫不决
12．be_cautious_with/about... 对……谨慎小心
重点句型
1．while引导让步状语从句
While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries，some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.
【仿写】 虽然我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺点。
While_I_admit his strengths，I can see his shortcomings.
2．序数词＋(名词)＋不定式短语作定语
Severino Antinori，an Italian physician，has declared that he wants to be the first to clone a human being.
【仿写】 我们的班长总是第一个到教室，最后一个离开。
Our monitor is always the_first_to_come_to the classroom and the_last_to_leave．
3．rather than连接两个平行结构
After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resources，many developed nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it.
【仿写】 记住，我们的一切都是父母给的。我们应该感激他们而不应该总是抱怨他们。
Keep in mind that everything of us is given by our parents，so we should be grateful for them rather_than_complain_to_them all the time.
4．“否定词＋比较级”形式表示最高级的意义
Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified(GM)food.
【仿写】 他度过了最担心的一天。
He has never spent a more_worrying day.
话题写作
根据要求运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。
1．随着时间的流逝，网络对我们越来越重要。
2．一方面，我们从中受益颇多；另一方面，我们也要把它的负面影响考虑在内。(on the one hand...on the other hand; take...into consideration)
3．许多人正在失去面对面交流的机会。
4．有的人甚至沉湎于网络，这严重影响了他们的健康。
5．所以，我们一定要采用恰当的方式运用网络。(adopt)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
With time going by，the Internet is more and more important to us.On the one hand，we benefit a lot from it；on the other hand，we should take its negative effects into consideration.Many people are losing the chance to communicate with each other face to face.Some are even addicted to it，which does great harm to their health.As a consequence，we must adopt a proper way to use it.
课件19张PPT。本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放综合检测
(时间：100分钟，满分：120分)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
International model United Nations meetings are events at which high school and college students from all over the world play the role of UN representatives. These meetings are largely based on the real United Nations. They are even divided into many of the same groups, such as the UN Security Council and the World Health Organization. The events allow students to develop and strengthen skills that are important for international careers, such as politics or international law.
One of the main goals of the meetings is to develop effective(有效的) communication skills. Because of this, students take part in many presentations(陈述), debates, and written research tasks. For example, at the end of every meeting, each student group writes a suggestion for solving one major world problem that they have learned about through their research tasks. These groups then discuss their suggestion with the rest of the student representatives in order to get them to support it. They may also discuss and solve invented problems, such as imaginary wars or natural disasters. Such activities challenge students’ abilities to express their thoughts in a clear, thoughtful way.
In addition to working on basic communication, students at the meetings try to express themselves in polite ways that help to solve problems. This is perhaps the most difficult task for real UN delegates(代表), so model UN organizers put great importance on it. The organizers strongly encourage students to try to understand the ideas of others, consider their feelings, and agree on solutions.
The meetings are also designed to help students become more open-minded. Students often play the role of representatives for countries other than their own. This encourages them to learn more about other cultures and to think about important problems in different ways. While pretending to be from a different country, students are receiving a lot of ideas and information that they would not normally consider. Usually, they come away with a much better understanding of people in different cultures. This experience often gives them an advantage over schoolmates who only learn about world events and international relations in traditional classrooms.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。模拟联合国会议可以帮助参与其中的学生培养良好的沟通技巧、用礼貌的方式表达自己，并且可以开阔学生的视野。
1．Why do students at model UN meetings take part in debates?
A．To learn good communication skills.
B．To help them decide between careers.
C．To get other students to support them.
D．To find solutions to major world problems.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的．..to develop effective(有效的) communication skills. Because of this, students take part in many presentations(陈述), debates, and written research tasks.可知，学生在模拟联合国会议时参与很多的陈述、辩论和书面的研究任务，是为了培养有效的交流技巧。
2．Why do students play the role of representatives for other countries?
A．To learn to communicate politely.
B．To put themselves in others’ shoes.
C．To consider problems in new ways.
D．To decide which culture is the best.
C 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的This encourages them to learn more about other cultures and to think about important problems in different ways.可知，在模拟联合国会议中，学生经常扮演别国代表，这样做能够鼓励他们更多地了解其他国家的文化，并且用不同的方式去思考问题。
3．What does the author say about students learning only in traditional classrooms?
A．They are given a lot of information.
B．They don’t learn about international events.
C．It’s easy for them to understand their classmates.
D．It can be hard for them to understand other cultures.
D 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的students are receiving a lot of ideas and information... they come away with a much better understanding of people in different cultures.可知，参加模拟联合国会议的学生能够接触很多观点和信息，并且他们会对来自不同文化背景的人有更好的理解，这使得他们比只在传统课堂了解世界大事和国际关系的同学更有优势。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Why viewpoints are changing at the UN.
B．How to solve invented problems at the UN.
C．What students learn at model UN conferences.
D．Which countries take part in model UN meetings.
C 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了模拟联合国会议有助于学生培养有效的沟通技巧、用礼貌的方式表达自己，以及开阔视野。
B
Emily and Zach are confused! Their parents told them they could choose between Massachusetts and Arizona for their vacation this summer.
Emily has always wanted to visit Boston, the capital of Massachusetts.Zach and she both agree that walking along the Freedom Trail would enable them to see Boston’s most famous places of historic interest, like the site of the school Ben Franklin attended and the Old State House.If Emily and Zach went to Massachusetts, they could spend a few days at the beaches on Cape Cod.Emily loves body boarding, and Zach is great at body surfing.They both enjoy building sandcastles with their mom and dad.
Zach finds learning about Native Americans wonderful and has always wanted to travel along the Apache Trail in Arizona.This mountain highway passes Native American ruins in Tonto National Forest.Emily is not as interested in traveling along this trail as Zach, but they both would like to visit Phoenix, the capital, and then travel to Grand Canyon National Park and Meteor Crater(陨石坑)．Zach learned in science class that Meteor Crater is a hole over 4，000 feet wide and 520 feet deep that was created when a huge object from space fell to Earth.The object went so deep that it has never been found.Zach would really like to try to discover it.But Emily thinks if experienced scientists and researchers cannot find it, Zach might as well not even bother (费工夫) to try.
The only drawback for Zach and Emily if they choose Arizona would be the heat.It is very hot and dry in this southwestern state.Massachusetts, on the other hand, is in the northeastern United States.Here Zach and Emily and their parents could enjoy mild (温和的) temperatures.Their parents love hot weather, but Zach and Emily do not really like to sweat.
How will they ever decide to which state they should travel? If only they could take two trips!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了艾米丽和扎克的一次艰难选择。
5．Emily and Zach will spend their summer vacation________．
A．visiting their parents
B．learning how to swim
C．doing some sightseeing
D．living with Native Americans
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段艾米丽和扎克的父母让他们挑选暑假要去的地方和最后一段的to which state they should travel可知，艾米丽和扎克暑假应该是去旅游。
6．Compared to Emily, Zach is more interested in________．
A．design B．sports
C．beaches D．history
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的Zach finds learning about Native Americans wonderful...This mountain highway passes Native American ruins...Emily is not as interested in traveling along this trail as Zach可知，相对于艾米丽，扎克对美国土著人的历史更感兴趣。
7．The underlined word “drawback” in Paragraph 4 means“________”．
A．value B．reason
C．interest D．disadvantage
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的Zach and Emily do not really like to sweat可知，炙热的天气是艾米丽和扎克选择亚利桑那州的唯一不利因素。
8．What would be the best title for the text?
A．A Difficult Choice B．An Interesting Plan
C．An Unforgettable Trip D．A Personal Experience
A 解析：标题归纳题。艾米丽和扎克分析了父母提供的两个可选旅行地的优劣势，再从开头的confused一词和最后一段的to which state they should travel可知，这是一次艰难的选择，故A项作标题最合适。
C
In the U．S., speaking more than one language fluently is not very common—except in Los Angeles, California.The city has one of the largest populations in the U．S.of young people between the ages of 18 and 34.More than half of them in Los Angeles are bilingual (会说两种语言的)．
Maria Elena Burgos, a mother of two American-born daughters, is cooking a Mexican breakfast.She says making Mexican food is just one of the many traditions in her home.Another is speaking Spanish to her children.“We want to keep Spanish somewhere in their learning too, not only at home.”Ms.Burgos thinks being bilingual will give them more opportunities in the future.Knowing Spanish also means the children can talk with their relatives in Mexico.
Ms.Burgos’ daughters both want to know their family’s culture.“We are doing this in order to go back to our roots because that’s part of who we are，” they say.
The U．S.Census Bureau (人口普查局) says more than half the adults in the Los Angeles area between 18 and 34 years old speak a language other than English at home.For the whole country, the number of bilingual adults is only 25 percent.The number of bilingual speakers has gone up since the 1990s.
University of California Los Angeles professor Raul Hinojosa says that in the past, the children and grandchildren of immigrants (移民) did not continue to speak the parents’ native language.But now the opposite is true.
In the last ten years, more immigrant parents say they want their children to keep speaking their native language.Mr.Hinojosa calls their choice the “path of pride”．The decision to keep a native language is clear in Los Angeles now.And, as the number of minorities in the U．S.continues to grow, he thinks bilingualism will spread to the rest of the country.
【解题导语】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了越来越多的美国人会说两种语言。
9．Ms.Burgos hopes her two daughters can________．
A．have a healthy diet
B．become true Americans
C．develop many good habits
D．have a competitive advantage
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的Ms.Burgos thinks being bilingual will give them more opportunities in the future.可知，Ms.Burgos希望两个女儿能掌握两种语言是想让她们在未来具有竞争优势。
10．What’s the attitude of Ms.Burgos’ daughters towards speaking Spanish?
A．Bored. B．Worried.
C．Interested. D．Surprised.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段Ms.Burgos的两个女儿都希望了解她们的家庭文化可知，她俩对说西班牙语非常感兴趣。
11．From the last three paragraphs, we can learn that more people in the U．S.________．
A．are proud of their new country
B．speak English very fluently
C．are learning a second language
D．are forgetting their parents’ native language
C 解析：细节理解题。自二十世纪九十年代以来，通晓两种语言的人数不断增加。过去，移民的儿孙们不说他们的母语，但现在情况正好相反。由此判断，除了说英语外，越来越多的在美国出生的移民后代开始学说他们父辈的母语，即学第二语言。
12．Mr.Hinojosa is sure that________．
A．more people will immigrate to the U．S.
B．the U．S.is on the path to bilingualism
C．the population of Los Angeles will drop
D．more minorities will be accepted by the U．S.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Mr.Hinojosa认为随着美国少数民族数量的不断增加，双语制未来会在美国的其他地区普及。
D
Learning English as the second language for non-native English speakers is not an easy task. It needs to spend a considerable time before you could speak or write the English language. There are only two ways to learn the English language or any other language you prefer.
The first one needs a lot of money because of the requirements needed. If you notice, a person migrated(移民) to another country and stayed there for a couple of years and then going back to his home non-native speaking country, the person became so familiar in speaking English. This is the most effective way of learning to speak and write a language unfamiliar to you.
The learner learns the language because he/she is forced to do so because there is no other language being used. Not to mention that the learner should adapt to the environment. It is all started from listening. This is the process how language is acquired if you will stay long in a foreign country.
The second one is the traditional way. You go to school or learning center specialized in teaching English as the second language. Obviously, this is cheaper than the first, but it needs a considerable time before you will learn to familiarize the language. Today, there are different language centers offering their services for people to learn the language in your own country. They brought all the materials needed because, compared to the first one, they’re affordable and reasonable.
Nowadays, learning English as the second language is one of the global trends. Since the English language is used in most of the business transactions, you should be on it too. Otherwise you will not go along with the future trends that will arise.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了英语学习的两种方法，一种是到说这种语言的国家去生活几年，在这种环境下你会很快学好这门语言，但这种方式费用太高了；另一种是传统的学习方式，就是在学校里花大量的时间学习，或上培训班，这是个费时但大部分人都负担得起的方式。无论怎样，学习英语是大势所趋，是未来工作的需要。
13．Now an affordable way to learn a foreign language but not to go abroad is to________．
A．go to a foreign language school
B．study in a language center
C．communicate with more people
D．invite a foreigner as a teacher
B 解析：细节理解题。从第四段的第四句“Today, there are different language centers offering their services...”可以找到本题答案的依据。
14．The last paragraph mainly tells us ________．
A．the global trends of the present world
B．the difficulty of learning a second language
C．the most important way of learning a second language
D．the importance of learning a second language
D 解析：段落大意题。最后一段说明了学习第二语言是当今的一个趋势，是人人都应该做的，否则就跟不上时代的潮流了。所以这一段主要告诉我们学习第二语言的重要性。
15．From the passage we can learn________．
A. learning foreign languages is easy
B．there are many ways to learn foreign languages
C．family environment is very helpful for learning foreign languages
D．learning foreign languages is good for your future career
D 解析：推理判断题。从最后一段可以判断出学习好外语对将来的就业很有好处；从第一段的第一句话可以看出A项不正确；从第一段的最后一句话可以判断B项不正确；环境对语言学习很重要，但本文没有讲到家庭环境，故C项不正确。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Should Everyone Get a Prize?
You signed up for soccer, and played every game of the season.You’re not the best player on the team, but most days you gave it your all.Do you deserve a trophy(奖杯)?
Carol Dweck, a psychology professor(心理学教授) at Stanford University, says a player doesn’t have to be the best to get a trophy.But those who receive a prize should have to work for it.She suggests trophies go to the most improved player, or the one who contributed most to the team spirit, and to those who play the best.
“The trophy has to stand for something，” Dweck said.16.________ Dweck argues that giving kids trophies for special reasons, such as improving in a sport, teaches kids that adults value hard work.
17．________ They say that there’s no harm in giving prizes to all kids who play a sport, regardless of(不论) how they played or whether or not they improved.
“I think we should encourage kids to take part in sports，” says Kenneth Barish, a psychology professor.18.________
Barish argues that when we single out only the best or even the most improved players with a trophy, we are teaching kids the wrong lesson.19.________“Winning is only part of the game，” Barish said.“Playing sports also teaches kids about teamwork and the importance of exercise.”
There will be many chances for kids to learn about competition as they get older, says Barish.They’ll soon realize that only one soccer team wins the World Cup.20.________ For now, he thinks there’s nothing wrong with letting all kids who play a sport feel like winners.
A．Others have different opinions.
B．That means trophies for everyone.
C．“It should be given to the best player.”
D．“A trophy is one way to encourage kids’ efforts.”
E．We are sending the message that winning is everything.
F．“If we give a trophy to everyone, then the prize has no value.”
G．And they’ll know only one football team wins the Super Bowl.
答案：16－20.FADEG
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was recently invited to dinner by a friend.During the meal, the manager of the restaurant came __21__ and said our meal was free.He stood there __22__ at me and he seemed a little __23__ to me but I couldn’t quite place him.__24__ I asked him if he knew me.He laughed and said I’d probably __25__him, but that I’d changed his life.My friend was quite __26__and asked him how I’d done this.
He said that twelve years ago he __27__ a stress management class I was giving.I asked the group what their greatest __28__ was and most, including him, said it was their bosses.
He said I listened __29__ and then took a chair and placed it in the center of the room.I __30__ on the chair for a few moments and then I __31__ everyone to come and do the same.I wanted them to look at the room from up there.After everyone had done it, I asked the group to__32__ how the room looked different when they changed their perspectives.
Then I asked them to __33__ their bosses.Was this the same person who had seen their good __34__ and hired them? Did they remember how happy they were to be __35__ for the job? But how did these wonderful people become terrible bosses?
He said I looked at him and asked if he had __36__ said thank you to his boss for the __37__ to earn a living.He answered he hadn’t.Then I asked him why he hadn’t tried being__38__ to his boss.
He told us his __39__ changed that night.He went back to work the next day with a thank-you card to his boss.He said I’d __40__ him to look at life from different perspectives and express gratitude.
21．A.out B．back
C．over D．on
C 解析：结合语境和常识可知，经理应该是向我们走过来告诉我们这一餐免费。come over意为“走过来”，符合语境。
22．A.smiling B．glaring
C．knocking D．shouting
A 解析：根据经理的言行再结合下文语境可判断，经理对我们的态度应该友善，故应是对作者“微笑(smiling)”。
23．A.similar B．attractive
C．strange D．familiar
D 解析：根据“but I couldn’t quite place him”和下文内容可推断此处是说作者好像见过他，即他对作者来说有一种熟悉的感觉，故选D项。
24．A.Immediately B．Finally
C．Suddenly D．Firstly
B 解析：根据上一句可推断作者见到经理后并未马上问他，而是先尽力去回忆在哪里见过他，最后才问他们是否见过面，故选B项。
25．A.disliked B．known
C．ignored D．forgotten
D 解析：根据上文“I asked him if he knew me”可推断经理是笑着说作者可能已经忘记他了，故选D项。
26．A.curious B．anxious
C．happy D．calm
A 解析：根据“asked him how I’d done this”可推断出作者的朋友对此非常好奇，故选A项。
27．A.missed B．prepared
C．attended D．heard
C 解析：根据“most，including him，said it was their bosses”可推断他听了作者的课，故选C项。
28．A.hero B．stress
C．liking D．trouble
B 解析：根据上文的“a stress management class”可知，这是一堂有关压力调节的课，再结合下文的描述可推断作者是在问大家最大的压力来自哪里。
29．A.regretfully B．disappointedly
C．doubtfully D．carefully
D 解析：由下文的描述可知作者是在认真听大家的回答，故选D项。
30．A.stood B．lay
C．sat D．rested
A 解析：根据下文“I wanted them to look at the room from up there.”可推断此时我是站在椅子上的，故选A项。
31．A.forced B．forbade
C．invited D．warned
C 解析：根据下文的“to come and do the same”及“I wanted them to look at the room from up there.”可判断选C项，作者也让大家站到椅子上。
32．A.work on B．think about
C．look into D．fill out
B 解析：作者让大家通过站到椅子上的体验，请他们考虑一下换另一种角度看房间时的不同感觉，故选B项。
33．A.remember B．compare
C．respect D．consider
D 解析：通过这样的体验及下文的描述可知，作者让大家也考虑一下他们的老板，故选D项。
34．A.qualities B．personalities
C．experiences D．looks
A 解析：由常识可知老板雇请员工是因为他们良好的品质，故选A项。
35．A.meant B．refused
C．chosen D．forgiven
C 解析：老板雇请员工，换另一种角度来说，就是员工被选择做工作，故选C项。
36．A.still B．even
C．never D．ever
D 解析：作者问他是否曾经感谢过他的老板。ever意为“曾经”，符合语境，故选D项。
37．A.right B．opportunity
C．solution D．ability
B 解析：老板给了他工作的机会，这就是一种谋生的机会。
38．A.polite B．friendly
C．grateful D．gentle
C 解析：根据上文的“said thank you to his boss”及下一段的“with a thank-you card to his boss”可以判断选C项，作者是希望他对老板心存感激。
39．A.life B．job
C．luck D．company
A 解析：根据第一段的“but that I’d changed his life”的提示可判断选A项，这位经理的生活在那个晚上发生了改变。
40．A.ordered B．taught
C．allowed D．persuaded
B 解析：根据上文可知他是听了作者的课后才有所启发，也就是作者教会他如何从不同角度看待生活，故选B项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The university I attend has about 35，000 students. One early afternoon, I 41.____________(walk) around the campus when I found a female student sitting on the walkway 42.____________ tears on her face. Everyone just walked by her, so I decided to stop 43.____________(give) her a hand. I dropped my books and sat down beside her. 44.____________ turned out that she injured her ankle(脚踝) and was 45.____________(able) to walk. So I told her that I would sit with her 46.____________ she was ready to get up. It only took a few 47.____________(minute) for her to calm down. Then I took her by the hand and got her to the nearest hospital.
She thanked me so much for just stopping! Since then, when we run into each other 48.____________(occasional) on campus, she would smile and thank me again. And we have become good friends now. I am amazed that just my sitting there, 49.____________(offer) support and comfort to a total 50.____________(strange) would affect her so greatly. She said she was grateful for making her feel that she was not alone in the world.
【解题导语】 作者一个小小的善举为她赢得了一份珍贵的友谊。
41．was walking 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。作者是在走路的过程中发现了坐在路边的女孩，所以需用进行时，又因为事情发生在过去，故填was walking。
42．with 解析：考查介词。with这里表示伴随，表示女孩坐在人行道边，脸上挂着泪珠。
43．to give 解析：考查非谓语动词。不定式短语在句子中作目的状语，故填to give。
44．It 解析：考查代词。代词it在句子中作形式主语，It turned out that意为“结果是……”。
45．unable 解析：考查形容词。女孩脚踝受伤应该是不能走路，故填able的反义词unable。
46．until 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，作者会一直陪女孩坐着直到她能站起来，故填until。
47．minutes 解析：考查名词。a few修饰可数名词复数表示“一些，几个”，故填minute的复数形式minutes。
48．occasionally 解析：考查副词。occasionally为副词，意为“偶尔，间或”，修饰前面的动词。
49．offering 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据前面的my可知答案。“形容词性物主代词＋动名词”的复合结构在句中作宾语从句的主语。
50．stranger 解析：考查名词。冠词修饰名词，根据前面的a total可知此处需填strange的名词形式stranger。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题； 每小题1分， 满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误， 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除： 把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改： 在错的词下画一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处， 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I fell love with traveling when I was a little girl. I dreamed of travel around the world one day. However, my family wasn’t rich, as I couldn’t ask my parents for money to travel. In order to make my dream come truly, I worked part-time to save money while I was studied at college. After I left for college and started working, I tried my best to save money, too. When I was 28 year old, I quit my job and began to realize my dream. While I was traveling, I took photographs and write articles for websites to make some money so that we could travel longer. If you have the dream, just go for it.
答案：
I fell love with traveling when I was a little girl. I dreamed of around the world one day. However, my family wasn’t rich, I couldn’t ask my parents for money to travel. In order to make my dream come ， I worked part-time to save money while I was at college. After I left college and started working, I tried my best to save money, too. When I was 28 old, I quit my job and began to realize my dream. While I was traveling, I took photographs and articles for websites to make some money so that could travel longer. If you have dream, just go for it.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是约翰，你的中国朋友李华下个月将要作为交换生去英国的一所中学学习半年。他在校期间学的是美式英语，所以向你发了封E-mail请教英式英语和美式英语的不同，以及交谈中应该注意的事项。请你给他回复。
要求：1.词数：100左右(开头、结尾已经给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。
Dear Li Hua，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
John
One possible version：
Dear_Li_Hua，
I am very happy to receive your e-mail.
As we all know, there are differences between American English and British English in both pronunciation and spelling. For example, the American pronounce “fast” /f?st/ while the British pronounce it /fɑ?st/. In spelling there are also differences between them. For example, the American spell the word “humor” whereas the British spell it “humour”. In general, American spelling is simpler than British spelling. When you talk to a British man, you are supposed not to refer to the following topics: politics, religion and money on formal occasions. What’s more, you should respect their tradition, custom and culture.
Yours_sincerely，
John
阅读强化训练(一)
(建议用时：15分钟)
阅读理解
A British scientist whose schoolmasters told him he was too stupid to study the subject has been awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology for his pioneering work on cloning.
At the age of 15, Sir John Gurdon ranked last out of the 250 boys at biology, and was in the bottom set in every other science subject.His master，Mr.Gaddum, was in fact a museum curator(解说员) by profession who had been hired to teach the lowest-achieving pupils and was not in fact a particularly effective teacher.Though he had heard Gurdon was interested in doing science, he thought this was a completely ridiculous idea because there was no hope whatever of Gurdon doing science.
After receiving the report, Sir John said he switched his attention to classics and was offered a place to study at Christ Church, Oxford, but was allowed to switch courses and read zoology instead because of a mix?up in the admissions office.
It was at Oxford as a postgraduate student that he published his famous research on genetics and proved for the first time that every cell in the body contains the same genes.He did so by taking a cell from an adult frog’s intestine(肠), removing its genes and implanting them into an egg cell, which grew into a clone of the adult frog.
Different from the previous studies by much more senior scientists，his idea was controversial(引起争议的) at the time and it was a decade before the then-graduate student’s work became widely accepted.
But it led directly to the cloning of Dolly the Sheep by Prof Ian Wilmut in 1996.Later on Prof Yamanaka found adult cells can be “reprogrammed” into stem cells for use in medicine.
Sir John professed to be unaware of the cash prize that awaits，but said he would most likely invest it in a fund he has previously set up to support PhD students during their fourth year of study.
【解题导语】 获得过诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的英国科学家约翰·格登的生物课成绩曾经在250名同年龄的男生中排最后一名，在其他科学类学科中成绩也都垫底，但是他没有放弃，最后取得了杰出的成绩。
1．Which of the following about Sir John Gurdon is TRUE?
A．He once worked as a good teacher in a primary school.
B．He and his team cloned the cloning sheep Dolly in 1996.
C．He is the first man to prove that every cell in the body contains the same genes.
D．He and his schoolmasters won the Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段It was at Oxford as a postgraduate student that he published his famous research on genetics and proved for the first time that every cell in the body contains the same genes.可知选项C正确。
2．Why did he once give up science subject to study classics?
A．Because he showed great interest in classics.
B．Because his schoolmaster told him to do so.
C．Because it’s ridiculous to learn science subject.
D．Because his teacher gave him a bad comment.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段末以及第三段首句After receiving the report, Sir John said he switched his attention to classics...可知他老师的不好的评价导致了他曾一度放弃了科学而专修古典文学，故选择D项。
3．What will Sir John Gurdon use the cash prize to do?
A．To buy some scientific equipment.
B．To support PhD students to study.
C．To donate his money to the poor.
D．To award the other famous scientists.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段．..but said he would most likely invest it in a fund he has previously set up to support PhD students during their fourth year of study.可知他要把诺贝尔奖金设立为基金去帮助那些博士生，因此选项B符合文意。
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Never say “die” to yourself.
B．It’s never too late to learn.
C．Misfortune may be an actual blessing.
D．Many hands make the work lighter.
A 解析：推理判断题。约翰·格登曾一度对科学研究失去了兴趣，也曾一度在生物课成绩和其他科学类学科中成绩倒数，但是最终获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，由此可推断出任何时候都不要对自己丧失信心，故选择A项。
七选五
Striking up a conversation with a stranger is fun and interesting, but risky.1.________If you make the effort despite your fears about talking to strangers, you might accidentally have the time of your life.Here are some ways to manage your anxiety while you are talking to strangers.
Practice until talking to strangers is second nature.Talking to strangers is like any other skill：the more you do it, the better you get at it.2.________You won’t even have to think about how to manage conversations with strangers.If you find talking to strangers overwhelming, take it slow at the beginning.You might begin by promising yourself that you’ll talk to two strangers in a week.Add one person each week.
Attend social events by yourself.3.________Without any friends to hide behind, you’ll be more likely to put yourself out there.If you don’t talk to anyone the first couple times, that’s fine！You still went out and were among strangers, which you had never done before!
Fake(佯装) it till you make it.If you go on a job interview or want to talk to an attractive person, you might worry that everyone can see how uncertain you feel.4.________Just pretend you’re more confident than you actually feel, and the person you’re talking to will see what you want them to see.Remember, the more you practice talking to strangers, the less you’ll have to fake your confidence.
5．________When you start putting yourself out there, you may well get some rude or unfriendly behavior from someone you approach.If someone rejects your approach, don’t take it personally! Try to see failure as exciting—it’s a chance to learn and improve.
A．Ask a friend for help.
B．It might also change your life.
C．Don’t let rejection get you down.
D．But no one knows how nervous you are but you!
E．The more you think about it, the more anxious you’ll get.
F．With enough practice, it will feel completely natural to you.
G．Put yourself in a social situation where you won’t know anyone else.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了在与陌生人交谈时如何克服焦虑的几种方法。
1．B 解析：根据后文的you might accidentally have the time of your life可知，敢于跟陌生人交谈，你可能会有意外收获，即与陌生人谈话或许会改变你的生活。
2．F 解析：本段重点说明，要练习与陌生人交谈，使之成为你的一项技能，故此项最合适，即你练习与陌生人交谈次数越多，你会觉得与他们谈话越自然。
3．G 解析：本句对标题句的内容做解释，即要把自己置身于一种陌生的社交环境。后文的Without any friends to hide behind也是提示。
4．D 解析：上一句提到担心他人会看出自己的不安，本句对上一句提到的内容提出相反的看法，即只有自己才知道自己有多焦虑。
5．C 解析：本句概述了本段的主要内容，即不要被拒绝吓倒。
阅读强化训练(二)
(建议用时：25分钟)
阅读理解
The medicine that I take for my rheumatoid arthritis(风湿性关节炎) causes me to wake up in the middle of the night with a dry mouth.January 15，2018, was no different.I woke up at 2：30 a．m. needing water.I was walking back upstairs from the kitchen when I heard my American bulldog, Rock.
Whatever Rock was doing down there, it made enough noise for me to go to him.By the time I made it to the bottom of the stairs, he was running up, and he never came up the stairs, no matter what.I think that was his way of telling me, “We’ve got to go back up.”
When I got to the top of the stairs, I turned around and saw a light on, but I didn’t remember leaving one on.I walked downstairs again，and that’s when I saw fire.I immediately shouted to my wife to wake up and get our three kids.I then broke the window, got everybody out on the roof and threw a blanket out there so we wouldn’t slip off.Then I started screaming for help.But help never came.
I’m scared of heights and have physical issues, because of my rheumatoid arthritis, but I couldn’t let my family burn up.So I jumped off the roof and got the wind knocked out of me when I landed.
I found our ladder, placed it against the house, and climbed back up to the roof.I wrapped my arms around my daughter and carried my nine-month-old son with my teeth, by his little sleeper.Then I climbed down the ladder.Once on the ground，I had my little girl hold her brother.Then I went back up again and got my wife.I tried to get my dog, but I never saw him again.
I’m not a hero.I’m just an ordinary person who would help anybody.This happened to be the time when I helped my own family.I live to protect my family.Just like Rock—he lived to protect us.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在一只狗的提醒下，克服了自身疾病拯救家人于一场夜间大火的故事，既赞扬了狗对主人的忠诚，也体现了作者对家庭的责任和担当。
1．Why did Rock behave unusually?
A．To upset the author.
B．To hope to stay upstairs.
C．To express his dissatisfaction.
D．To inform the author of the fire.
D 解析：推理判断题。由下文作者意识到家中失火可知，Rock的不同寻常的表现实际上是在提醒家中失火了。
2．When did the author realize a fire had happened?
A．When he got up to get some water.
B．When he heard the bulldog barking.
C．When he caught sight of a light downstairs.
D．When he walked downstairs a second time.
D 解析：细节理解题。由文章的第三段I walked downstairs again, and that’s when I saw fire.可知作者再次下楼时发现家中着火了。
3．What can we infer from the text?
A．Rock didn’t survive the fire.
B．Nobody would like to help the author’s family.
C．The author wouldn’t like to stay with Rock any longer.
D．The author’s wife was so scared that she couldn’t say a word.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句以及最后一段作者还赞扬了狗的忠诚可知，大火之后再没见到Rock，只能说明Rock没能从大火中逃生。
4．What most probably drove the author to save the family in danger?
A．His responsibility to the family.
B．His strength to escape from the fire.
C．His ability to put out the fire.
D．His confidence to overcome the difficulty.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的but I couldn’t let my family burn up，尤其是最后一段作者对自己救人行为的评价来看，他说自己不是英雄，而是像Rock一样出于对家庭的责任。
完形填空
During a recent trip to San Diego, I learned about the importance of chasing your dream life in a planned way.
On an early morning __1__on the beach, I walked past a surfer and said，“Gosh, it’s so early to be out here.”He replied，“I have to get it in early __2__I have to be at work by 8.”
I asked what he__3__ to do, and he replied, “I’ve built my whole life around being able to do the things I love, and surfing is one of my __4__.On weekdays, I wake up at 5 o’clock, I’m __5__the water by 6 o’clock, and then I head home，shower，and leave for work.”
It struck me that he__6__ his life so carefully.He’d become aware of what __7__ to him and made it happen.
My meeting with the surfer __8__ me of an exercise I had completed years before.It aims to help you __9__ your dream life through nine questions.For it to work, you must walk out of __10__and slide(滑) into your future self’s __11__ so that you can see __12__how you would like your life to be.
When I __13__the exercise in 2007, the vision(设想) I created was quite __14__from the reality.Don’t get me wrong; it’s not that I had a(n) __15__life.In fact, I was happy.But I clearly wasn’t __16__ I wanted to end up—there was __17__I wanted to accomplish.
In the years following the exercise, I began making __18__to move toward my dream life.Ninety-five percent of what seemed __19__ a decade ago is in my life today in some form, or I’m close to achieving it. Of course, my life isn’t __20__，but it’s a lot closer to my version of perfection because I have taken the time to craft a vision.
【解题导语】 一次在海滩偶遇，冲浪者对生活的周密安排让作者回忆起自己为实现梦想所做的努力以及这些努力的价值。
1．A.resting B．working
C．sleeping D．wandering
D 解析：根据下文“我”从冲浪者旁边经过，可以判断作者是在海滩徘徊。
2．A.while B．or
C．because D．though
C 解析：冲浪者解释了自己必须早早赶到那儿的原因。
3．A.meant B．demanded
C．refused D．admired
A 解析：从下文he replied可以推知作者是在问冲浪人的意图和打算。
4．A.movements B．suggestions
C．ways D．favorites
D 解析：与前文提到要努力做自己喜欢做的事相照应，强调冲浪是自己最喜欢做的事之一。
5．A.in B．over
C．on D．through
C 解析：在水上冲浪，介词用on。
6．A.planned B．lived
C．passed D．enjoyed
A 解析：由上文可以推知，作者认为冲浪者把自己的生活规划得很有条理。
7．A.occurred B．mattered
C．walked D．headed
B 解析：冲浪者认识到生活中什么对他来说是重要的。与前文他对生活的细致安排和后文made it happen形成呼应。
8．A.told B．informed
C．warned D．reminded
D 解析：下文是作者回顾以前发生在自己身上的事，此处应理解为冲浪者的事情使作者想起了自己以前所做的事。
9．A.make sure of B．make use of
C．change D．remember
A 解析：根据后文内容可知，这个训练的目标是帮助你确认未来想要的生活。
10．A.thought B．life
C．dream D．reality
D 解析：与下文的future形成对照，此处指要从现实中走出来，进入到将来的位置。
11．A.position B．respect
C．mind D．success
A 解析：指作者对未来生活的定位。
12．A.immediately B．exactly
C．carefully D．simply
B 解析：此处理解为：如果能从现实中走出来，进入到将来的位置就能准确地看到想要看到的生活的样子。
13．A.gave up B．put off
C．went through D．suffered from
C 解析：指作者在2007年通过了前文提到的那个训练。
14．A.different B．absent
C．safe D．free
A 解析：从下文推断，此处作者所说的是自己所创作的(生活)版本与现实不同。
15．A.busy B．bad
C．colorful D．easy
B 解析：与下文In fact, I was happy.形成对照，作者在声明自己并不是过着一种糟糕的生活。
16．A.why B．how
C．what D．where
D 解析：通过but形成转折关系，虽然作者开心，但很明显作者并没有到达想要停止的地方。
17．A.something B．less
C．nothing D．more
D 解析：根据上文以及下一段作者随后继续追逐向往的生活，可知作者还想获得更多。
18．A.apologies B．excuses
C．contributions D．decisions
D 解析：作者做出决定朝着梦想进发。
19．A.amazing B．impossible
C．shocking D．important
B 解析：这里将曾经和现在进行对比，曾经觉得不可能的事情，现在却实现了。
20．A.perfect B．ordinary
C．peaceful D．active
A 解析：根据上文的I’m close to achieving it和下文的but it’s a lot closer to my version of perfection可知，作者的生活并不完美。
阅读强化训练(三)
(建议用时：25分钟)
阅读理解
The recent government announcement of an increase in university fees for the coming school year has angered young people planning to go to university. In addition, it has caused some of them quite understandably to question the value of a university education.
In an ideal(理想的) world, university education would be free and open to all. However in most western countries, students do contribute to the cost of going to university, and most accept that they should pay something towards the benefits they receive from a university education. These benefits include the opportunity to get good jobs in the future, and this course leads to higher pay and a more comfortable lifestyle.
But is it that simple？It’s true that university graduates may get better jobs, but this clearly means that they will then pay higher taxes(税)，which contribute to the economy of the whole country. So, isn’t adding further increases to university fees in effect asking students to pay twice？Many students already have to take out loans(贷款)to pay for general living costs. This can result in them getting heavily into debt. A report shows that the average student debt already runs into thousands of pounds. Furthermore, many students have to depend on their parents to pay for their education.
On the other hand, the recent increase in university fees has come at the wrong time. It will discourage some students from going to university because they simply cannot afford it. Already many young people are questioning the value of a university education. Everyone seems to have a degree these days, they say, so when they graduate from university, they cannot be sure they will get a well-paid job. Therefore the decision to raise university fees will almost certainly affect the student intake, leading to a drop in numbers.
The suggested increase in fees is unfair to students. Many are already having problems dealing with debt. There’s nothing wrong with asking students to contribute to the costs of a university education，but the suggested increase is too much. We should call on the government to reconsider their decision or risk losing a generation of educated young people.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。政府宣布新学年大学学费增加，这激怒了计划去读大学的学生。
1．Paragraph 2 is mainly about________．
A．education in western countries
B．why university fees have increased
C．the benefits of a university education
D．how to get a good university education
C 解析：段落大意题。由第二段中的These benefits include the opportunity to get good jobs in the future, and this course leads to higher pay and a more comfortable lifestyle.可知，该段主要阐述了学生从大学教育中得到的益处。
2．We learn from Paragraph 3 that________．
A．many parents refuse to pay for students’ education
B．many students are deeply in debt due to university fees
C．university graduates contribute the most to the economy
D．university graduates pay twice as much tax as other people
B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的Many students already have to take out loans(贷款)．..the average student debt already runs into thousands of pounds.可知，由于支付大学费用，很多学生已经负债累累。
3．What is the author’s attitude toward the increase in university fees?
A．Encouraging. B．Unconcerned.
C．Optimistic. D．Unfavorable.
D 解析：观点态度题。由最后一段中的unfair和the suggested increase is too much以及最后一句可知，作者反对增加大学学费。
语法填空
Until about 250 years ago, people did not take dirt as seriously as they do now.1.____________(clean) often took place in spring. At that time，the furniture was moved aside, and all the things in the house were cleaned.Carpets were taken outside and had the dust 2.____________(beat) out of them.It was an exhausting and 3.____________(mess) process.
The industrial revolution 4.____________(bring) about a major change.New products became available to make homes cleaner.This in turn led to the development of further products, one of 5.____________was the vacuum cleaner(真空吸尘器)．It was said that when one of the first vacuum cleaners 6.____________(show), a kind scientist advised the proud inventor，“Make it suck(吸), not blow.”
The first vacuum cleaners appeared in the 1860s in the United States.Operated by hand pumps(泵)，they were not convenient.It was only when electric motors(电动机) became advanced7.____________vacuum cleaners became common.Most of today’s major8.____________(brand) were born in the 1920s.
The dirt that vacuum cleaners suck up at home is9.____________(most) dead skin cells.A much smaller part comes from dust and soil carried into the house 10.____________outside.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了吸尘器的由来与发展。
1．Cleaning 解析：考查非谓语动词。动名词做主语，故填Cleaning。
2．beaten 解析：考查非谓语动词。dust与beat为被动关系。have sth.done意为“让某物被……”，故填beaten。
3．messy 解析：考查形容词。修饰名词需要用形容词，故填messy，意为“凌乱的”。
4．brought 解析：考查动词的时态。结合语境可知，这里讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
5．which 解析：考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。which指代主句中的products。
6．was shown 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文可知，讲述过去，用一般过去时，且show与主语为被动关系，故填was shown。
7．that 解析：考查强调句。It is/was...that...强调句型，句意为“当电动机变得先进时，吸尘器才流行起来”。
8．brands 解析：考查名词。brand为可数名词，根据most of结构可知，这里用复数形式。
9．mostly 解析：考查副词。mostly意为“大部分”，用于强调。
10．from 解析：考查介词。from outside指来自外面的。
短文改错
In my closet, there is a wooden box where is filled with clothes.For years, the size of the clothes has been using as a weight-loss goal by me. One day, my 13-year-old daughter begged have a look at it.Excited to save money on my back-to-school clothes, I told her to pick a few piece.She
pulled out the old jacket and put it on.It was not suitable for her so it was too big.I was just about to comment when she buried with her face in the jacket and breathe deeply.“It smells like you，”she said happy.I no longer care if I ever fit into those clothes again.
答案：
In my closet, there is a wooden box is filled with clothes.For years, the size of the clothes has been as a weight-loss goal by me. One day, my 13-year-old daughter begged have a look at it.Excited to save money on back-to-school clothes, I told her to pick a few . She pulled out old jacket and put it on.It was not suitable for her it was too big.I was just about to comment when she buried her face in the jacket and deeply.“It smells like you，”she said .I no longer care if I ever fit into those clothes again.
阅读强化训练(四)
(建议用时：25分钟)
阅读理解
If you’ve ever seen old black-and-white photographs from long, long ago, the faces in those old photos would seem to confirm a sad existence：there’s rarely a smile to be found anywhere.Was life back then really that bad? Or is there another explanation for the lack of smiling faces in old photos?
Some people believe it’s because people long ago had really bad teeth. Did people simply refuse to smile for the camera because they didn’t want to show their discolored or missing teeth？It’s possible, although some experts doubt that’s a primary reason.Since everyone back then would have had similar oral health issues, people themselves probably weren’t aware of it.
Another possible factor is technology：the earliest cameras required long exposure(暴露) time to capture a photograph. Some believe people simply couldn’t hold a smile for that long, so they instead chose a more solemn expression that they could maintain for a longer time.Experts point out, however, that much shorter exposure time came about long before smiles became common in photos.
Some experts believe the lack of smiles in old photos is a result of historical views on smiling.In today’s world where the “selfie” is so common，smiles have something to do with happiness and well-being.In the distant past, wide smiles were often seen as signs of madness, loudness, or other undesirable traits.This historical view of smiling is shown in portraits(肖像) that were painted in the hundreds of years before cameras came into existence.Hundreds of years ago, a portrait was, for most people, a once-in-a-lifetime chance to be kept on canvas forever.
A solemn expression was considered a dignified(有尊严的) way to be represented forever, and it was better than a stupid wide smile that might make someone question your mental health.Experts believe this same view probably influenced the earliest photographs, which usually tried to imitate the painted portrait as an art form.
Today，smart phones and cameras are widely used.Smiles, even funny faces, are easily seen in today’s photos.After all, taking photographs is no longer a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。作者从多个角度探讨了为什么在老照片里很少见到人们的笑脸。
1．Why does the author put forward questions in Paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the main topic.
B．To show the author’s attitude.
C．To describe the life long ago.
D．To show the difference in old photos.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段两个问题可判断，作者提出两个问题主要是为了引出文章的主要话题。
2．What does the underlined word “solemn” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Anxious. B．Satisfied.
C．Serious. D．Surprised.
C 解析：词义猜测题。结合前文的Some believe people simply couldn’t hold a smile for that long以及第五段第一句A solemn expression was considered a dignified(有尊严的) way to be represented forever可推知，以前人们在照相时需要选择一个严肃的表情，划线词意为“严肃的”。
3．What conclusion can we draw from Paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．An old portrait is more a picture than an art.
B．Both portraits and photos can be seen as art.
C．Wide smiles are also rarely seen in old portraits.
D．Old portraits were influenced by the earliest photographs.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句和第五段最后一句可知，照相机出现之前，肖像画也是奢侈品，人们非常珍惜这难得的机会，因此在肖像画中他们也表现得很庄重，故很少见笑脸。
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The development of photography.
B．Technology progress in taking photos.
C．The difference between portraits and photos.
D．Reasons why smiles are rarely seen in old photos.
D 解析：主旨大意题。综合全文内容，尤其是第一段内容可知，本文主要探讨了为什么老照片里很少见到人们的笑脸。
完形填空
My sister, Shirley, is now 83.She has lived on a farm for 64 years and has never been a __1__ to hard work.For the first 12 years of her marriage, she and her husband __2__five children while living in a small house.Her husband __3__ from 9 to 5, and Shirley was __4__for milking the cows, growing vegetables in the garden, and helping with the crops.
After her husband’s death, she __5__to raise beef cattle, and grow corns and soybeans.Shirley was __6__for the cattle she had.There was a waiting line of people who wanted to get __7__from her.
The farming is hard work, but she has always __8__ the difficulties.Looking out from the window at the cattle eating grass and crops growing gives her a __9__that she is a part of the land.It also gives her the pride that she is doing something that has been__10__to her family.
I’m the younger sister, so when I was in high school, I__11__the bus every day at Shirley’s farm to __12__her kids while she worked.When I was there, Shirley __13__me how to cook and clean, and how to grow vegetables.__14__I helped her with the kids every day, now I__15__that she helped me more than I did.She’s my sister, but she’s also been my __16__and role model.
Shirley is __17__among those in her community. She always has a smile on her face and loves __18__a delicious meal whenever you go to her house, as if by magic.And at 83, she’s __19__ not ready to retire.She continues to run the farm that has been passed down to her.She is a role model to all who know her.I’m __20__to be her sister.
【解题导语】 作者的姐姐83岁了，但仍然辛勤工作在劳动了一辈子的农场上。她乐观勤劳的人生态度感染着他人。
1．A.helper B．stranger
C．farmer D．host
B 解析：她在一个农场生活了64年，她对辛勤工作从来都不陌生，即她一直辛勤工作。“no stranger to sth.”是固定搭配。
2．A.raised B．helped
C．lost D．loved
A 解析：虽然住在一个小房子里，她和丈夫还是养育了(raised)五个孩子。
3．A.slept B．stayed
C．worked D．lived
C 解析：根据语境可知，她的丈夫朝九晚五地工作(worked)。
4．A.sorry B．ready
C．eager D．responsible
D 解析：她丈夫从早到晚工作，而她负责(responsible)挤牛奶、种蔬菜和粮食等。
5．A.expected B．seemed
C．continued D．stopped
C 解析：根据语境可知，丈夫去世后，她继续(continued) 做着农场相关的工作。
6．A.well-known B．sad
C．accepted D．reminded
A 解析：根据下文的There was a waiting line of people who wanted to get可知，Shirley因为她养的牛而广为人知(well-known)。
7．A.vegetables B．soybeans
C．corns D．beef
D 解析：因为她养的牛很有名气，所以人们都排着队想买她家的牛肉(beef)。
8．A.dealt with B．given up
C．brought in D．held back
A 解析：农场的工作很辛苦，但是Shirley总是能应付(dealt with)困难。
9．A.plan B．sense
C．picture D．dream
B 解析：看到牛吃草和庄稼生长，她就感到自己属于这片土地，故选“sense”。
10．A.beautiful B．terrible
C．important D．nervous
C 解析：她同时也很骄傲，因为自己所做的事对这个家很重要(important)。
11．A.got off B．went on
C．left for D．waited for
A 解析：上高中时，作者每天都会在Shirley家的农场下车(got off)。
12．A.look for B．look after
C．look up D．look back
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者每天下车来到她家农场，在她工作时帮忙照看(look after)孩子。
13．A.asked B．warned
C．taught D．refused
C 解析：作者待在那里时，Shirley会教(taught)作者如何做饭和种蔬菜。
14．A.Although B．But
C．Because D．So
A 解析：根据后面的she helped me more than I did可知，尽管(although)作者当时每天帮她带孩子，但她给作者的帮助更多。
15．A.talk B．realize
C．decide D．forget
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者现在意识到(realize)姐姐给她的帮助比自己给姐姐的更多。
16．A.teacher B．student
C．child D．family
A 解析：根据role model可知，她是作者的姐姐，也是作者的老师(teacher)和楷模。
17．A.ignored B．missed
C．respected D．understood
C 解析：根据语境可知，她在社区里受到人们的尊重，故选“respected”。
18．A.changing B．choosing
C．preparing D．eating
C 解析：她总是面带笑容，有人拜访她时她总会准备(preparing)美味的饭菜。
19．A.only B．ever
C．just D．still
D 解析：尽管Shirley已经83岁了，她仍然(still)没有退休的打算。
20．A.ashamed B．proud
C．disappointed D．lovely
B 解析：根据语境可知，她是所有人的榜样，作者为有这样的姐姐而感到自豪(proud)。
阅读强化训练(五)
(建议用时：15分钟)
阅读理解
When Kathrine Switzer became the first woman to enter the Boston Marathon with a number, in 1967, she knew she’d be changing history.At the time, women weren’t officially allowed to enter the race.To be accepted, Switzer signed up with her initials(英文缩写) as “K.V.Switzer”．On race day, however, she showed her lipstick and earrings proudly, taking her place at the starting line.
Switzer was at mile two when race manager John Semple, angered by a woman entering the male-only marathon, ran up and tried to push her off the course, yelling，“Get out of my race！” But with Switzer’s boyfriend knocking Semple back, she made it in four hours and twenty minutes.
To mark the 50th anniversary of her barrierbreaking run, Switzer, now 70, plans to repeat the 26.2-mile journey.In the race, Switzer will wear the number 261, the same one the official tried tearing off 50 years ago.In her honor, the Boston Marathon will leave the number out for her in future races.
Switzer has 39 marathons under her belt, including coming in first in New York in 1974 and running in the Olympics in 1984.The last time she finished one in Boston was in 1976，four years after women officially entered it.
Switzer’s movement goes beyond letting women enter that race.Founding a nonprofit(非盈利的) international women’s running club, Switzer chose the name “261 Fearless”．“My goal is to reach women in places right now where they’re not allowed to leave the house alone, drive a car or get an education，” Switzer said.“If running can give women a sense of strength, and make them no longer victims and weak, that’s what I hope it can do.”
【解题导语】 在1972年以前，女性是不被允许参加马拉松比赛的。然而，1967年，一位勇敢的先锋站出来为自己、也为所有的女性争取权益，这个人就是马拉松界的女英雄——Kathrine Switzer。
1．How was Switzer able to enter the Boston Marathon in 1967?
A．She got help from an official.
B．She dressed herself like a man.
C．She didn’t use her full name.
D．She didn’t use her real name.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段To be accepted, Switzer signed up with her initials(英文缩写) as “K.V.Switzer”．可知，她用自己的名字缩写而不是全名成功报名了马拉松比赛。
2．When Switzer was running her first Marathon，________.
A．she was pushed out of the race
B．she finished the race successfully
C．her boyfriend was knocked down
D．the race manager was touched by her act
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段But with Switzer’s boyfriend knocking Semple back, she made it in four hours and twenty minutes.可知，她男朋友把Semple撞开，使她得以顺利跑完了比赛。
3．What do we know about the number 261?
A．It could not be used in any sports games.
B．It has never been used in 50 years.
C．It could only be used by Switzer in future Boston Marathon.
D．It is the best number to wear in the Boston Marathon.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句In her honor, the Boston Marathon will leave the number out for her in future races.可推断，除了Switzer本人之外，261号在未来的波士顿马拉松比赛中谁都不能使用。
4．Which shows the correct time order of the following events?
a．Switzer ran in the Olympics.
b．Switzer ran her first marathon race.
c．Switzer won No.1 in the New York Marathon.
d．Women were officially allowed to enter a marathon.
A．a，b，c，d. B．b，d，c，a.
C．c，b，d，a. D．d，c，b，a.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段可知Switzer第一次跑马拉松比赛是在1967年；根据第四段including coming in first in New York in 1974 and running in the Olympics in 1984...four years after women officially entered it.可知，1972年女性可以正式参加马拉松比赛，1974年她获得纽约马拉松比赛第一名，参加奥运会是在1984年。
七选五
Are You Happy?
Happiness is important in our life.1.________Are you happy? Do you want to be happy every day? Follow me, and you will lead a happy life.
2．________Every morning when you wake up and look at yourself in the mirror, what do you do? If you want to be happy in the hours that follow, please say“You are the best！” to yourself. Don’t always think that you are worse than other students. You are actually powerful and can give yourself even more power. You have the potential(潜能)to be the best in the world. Just believe in yourself!
Smile.3.________Are you often unhappy because of the frustrations(挫折) in your life? Do you always drop your head when you are in trouble? If you want to walk out of the shadow and be happy, please smile. Smile at yourself. And keep on smiling. A smile can make you strong, and a smile can also make you happy.
Talk to others.A single life is always dull and boring.4.________ Talk to your friends or your family. Talk to them about your feelings, your interesting stories and also your troubles. Open your heart to the world, and you will find the world is more colorful than you imagined.
It is not hard to be happy.5.________Remember to be confident to smile all the time, and to communicate with others. Wish you a happy life!
A．Be confident.
B．Do your best.
C．It can make us energetic and optimistic.
D．When you meet difficulties, what do you do?
E．Don’t live in a world where you are the only citizen.
F．If you want to get what you want, you first choose to be happy.
G．Happiness is close to you as long as you keep doing the above three things every day.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何让自己快乐。
1．C 解析：C项中energetic and optimistic是快乐对人重要的原因——它可以让人积极、乐观。
2．A 解析：由下文的say“You are the best！”和Just believe in yourself！可知，拥有快乐的生活首先要有自信。
3．D 解析：下文“遇到挫折常常不开心或遇到麻烦会垂头丧气”是对D项“人们遇到困难会如何做”的举例。
4．E 解析：由本段作者建议Talk to others.和A single life is always dull and boring.可知，人不能活在自己一个人的世界里，要学会与他人交流。
5．G 解析：G项中的the above three things指代上文作者建议人们自信、微笑、与他人交流这三件事。作者认为快乐并不难找，只要你坚持上面提到的三件事，快乐就离你很近。
阅读强化训练(六)
(建议用时：25分钟)
阅读理解
The English language is full of phrases about the weather.Some of these phrases are easy to understand, but others are not really about the weather at all. If you say you“hit rough weather”， you may not be struck by a real storm, but you do experience difficulties or problems. If you don’t know what such_phrases mean, they might leave you “in a fog(雾)”！
In English, you can “shoot the breeze”， or have an informal chat. But things can also be a breeze.If you take an exam and find it very easy，you’d tell your friends：“It was a breeze！”The wind can also bring information. You can “get wind of” a piece of news, and if someone “knows which way the wind blows”，they have a good idea about how things will work out.But don’t “throw caution(警惕)to the wind”—that means taking a great risk!
Clouds sometimes bring rain, and in English they often represent problems or difficulties. If someone “sees a cloud on the horizon(地平线)”，there may be problems ahead. And if someone is “under a cloud”， then people think the person might have done something wrong. But clouds are not always bad; in fact, people say that “every cloud has a silver lining”. This means that there is a good side to every situation, no matter how bad it may seem. You may even end up “on cloud nine”， which means you are very happy! But some people have their “heads in the clouds”， not paying attention to reality.
No one likes to be stuck in the rain or storm, so it’s no surprise that phrases about them are generally negative. When someone says“it never rains but it pours”， they are complaining(抱怨) that when things go wrong, they go very wrong. People who talk about“weathering a storm”just want to get through a difficult period or situation.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语中与天气有关的一些习语及其用法。
1．What does the underlined part “such phrases” in the first paragraph refer to?
A．The old phrases about the weather.
B．The funny phrases about the weather.
C．The simple phrases about the weather.
D．The confusing phrases about the weather.
D 解析：词义猜测题。由第一段的Some of these phrases... about the weather at all.If you say you“hit rough weather”．..you do experience difficulties or problems.可知，such phrases指那些不好理解、容易产生误解的与天气有关的习语。
2．It may be dangerous when you________．
A．know which way the wind blows
B．find that something is a breeze
C．get wind of a piece of news
D．throw caution to the wind
D 解析：细节理解题。 由第二段的But don’t “throw caution(警惕) to the wind”—that means taking a great risk！可知，“把警惕抛在风中”有“毫无警惕”之意，这样做非常危险。
3．If you look at something in a positive way, you may say________．
A．you are under a cloud
B．your head is in the clouds
C．every cloud has a silver lining
D．you see a cloud on the horizon
C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段的This means that there is a good side to every situation，no matter how bad it may seem.可知，every cloud has a silver lining有“乌云背后有阳光”之意。
4．Phrases like “it never rains but it pours” and “weathering a storm” are related to something________．
A．changeable B．unfavorable
C．acceptable D．unbelievable
B 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段的No one likes to be stuck in the rain or storm，so it’s no surprise that phrases about them are generally negative.可知，包含雨和暴风雨的习语通常与不利的事情有关。
完形填空
The sky was getting dark as we walked through the forest. My two friends and I felt hot and __1__．We were heading for a small village in northern India. The villagers were __2__us, but we were already four hours late.
As the last of the daylight __3__， we began to feel very __4__and afraid. We tried to find our way to the village, but it was __5__to tell which path we should follow in the darkness. All around us, strange creatures made __6__noises as they woke up and began to hunt for food. We hoped they wouldn’t want to eat us!
Then George, who was in front，__7__ suddenly. He ran towards us rapidly, pointing at a large, dark shape moving through the trees. We could __8__ the black stripes(条纹) and shining yellow eyes of the most dangerous animal in the __9__．We stared at the tiger，too__10__to move.
After a few seconds that felt like hours, there was the sound of branches(树枝) breaking, and the tiger jumped at us, roaring(咆哮)loudly. We__11__， because we were sure it would kill us.
__12__， though, the tiger stopped—and then I noticed that it had six legs, two of them __13__！
The“tiger”stood up, and a young man__14__the striped skin covering his head and shoulders. “Hello ！”he said, smiling broadly.“I’m Abi，from the village.When you didn’t __15__， we were worried, so I came to __16__ you，”he explained.“It’s traditional for us to __17__the tiger skin to greet new guests... and I couldn’t help playing a trick on you! I hope you don’t __18__．”
Recovering from the __19__， we began to laugh. We followed Abi to his village, where the villagers gave us a warm __20__．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者描述了他和同伴所经历的一次特殊的欢迎仪式。
1．A.cold B．angry
C．hurt D．tired
D 解析：由上文的The sky was getting dark及下文的we were already four hours late可知，我们很“疲惫(tired)”。
2．A.expecting B．doubting
C．accepting D．believing
A 解析：由下文的I’m Abi，from the village...we were worried可知，我们要前往的那个村的村民知道我们要去，因此他们“期盼着(expecting)”我们的到来。
3．A.broke B．continued
C．approached D．disappeared
D
4．A.busy B．lost
C．dirty D．hot
B
5．A.simple B．safe
C．hard D．popular
C 解析：由tried to find our way to the village以及in the darkness可知，随着最后一丝日光的“消失(disappeared)”，我们开始感到“迷路(lost)”了，因为在黑暗中“很难(hard)”辨别该走哪条路。
6．A.funny B．impolite
C．terrifying D．encouraging
C 解析：由下文的We hoped they wouldn’t want to eat us！可知，四周未知生物发出的声音“令人害怕(terrifying)”。
7．A.started B．stopped
C．smiled D．changed
B 解析：由下文的He ran towards us rapidly可知，走在最前面的乔治突然“停了下来(stopped)”。
8．A.see B．forget
C．miss D．imagine
A
9．A.zoo B．forest
C．garden D．house
B 解析：由上文的a large，dark shape moving through the trees和下文的We stared at the tiger可知，我们能“看见(see)”“森林(forest)”里最危险的动物。
10．A.excited B．puzzled
C．ashamed D．frightened
D 解析：我们盯着老虎，因为“害怕(frightened)”而不敢动。
11．A.laughed B．begged
C．shouted D．argued
C 解析：咆哮的老虎向我们扑来，我们“叫喊起来(shouted)”。
12．A.Immediately B．Unluckily
C．Secretly D．Strangely
D 解析：由下文的转折the tiger stopped可知，原本扑向我们的老虎很“奇怪地(Strangely)”停了下来。
13．A.local B．human
C．guests’ D．tigers’
B 解析：由下文的a young man可知，我们所看到的老虎有六条腿，其中两条是“人类的(human)”。
14．A.tried on B．took off
C．threw away D．brought out
B 解析：由下文的covering his head and shoulders可知，当伪装者“脱掉(took off)”老虎皮后，我们发现那只吓人的“老虎”原来是人装的。
15．A.wait B．follow
C．arrive D．leave
C
16．A.look for B．look after
C．look at D．look to
A 解析：由上文的we were already four hours late可知，我们一直没有“到达(arrive)”，这让村民们很担心，于是一位名叫Abi的村民主动出来“寻找(look for)”我们。
17．A.send B．wear
C．cut D．wave
B 解析：由上文的covering his head and shoulders可知，“穿着(wear)”老虎皮迎接客人是Abi他们村的一种传统。
18．A.mind B．fail
C．work D．remember
A 解析：由上文的I couldn’t help playing a trick on you可知，Abi希望我们不要“介意(mind)”他的恶作剧。
19．A.pain B．injury
C．shock D．accident
C 解析：了解了情况后，我们从“惊愕(shock)”中回过神来，哈哈大笑起来。
20．A.heart B．feeling
C．welcome D．invitation
C 解析：由Abi迫不及待地去找我们可知，村民们应该是热情地“迎接(welcome)”了我们。
阅读强化训练(七)
(建议用时：25分钟)
阅读理解
Teens suffering from depression are not likely to tell parents straight up, and they may use confusing language to describe their feelings, researchers said. According to Daniela DeFrino of the University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine and College of Nursing, teens rarely stated they were depressed, but they often described their feelings like，“I’m down.I always find somehow to go back to stressful mode.”
“Parents can easily overlook these expressions or link them to regular stress，” said DeFrino.“But sometimes there is so much more under the surface that can lead to depression.”DeFrino and colleagues went through deep interviews done with 369 teenagers taking part in an ongoing health study paid for by the National Institute of Mental Health.The teens, considered at risk for depression, gave indirect clues to their state of mind.
These teens are reported feeling angry, a loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy, and either sleeping too much or having trouble sleeping.In terms of the reasons，most mentioned homework pressure and expectations of success.Teens whose moods had worsened talked about arguments with parents, verbal(口头的) and emotional abuse.Two-thirds of the teens had visited doctors for health problems.“Doctors, nurses and other medical providers need to be aware of the opportunities to care a child’s mental health，”DeFrino said.
“Teens may be experiencing a lot of internal struggles and difficult life stresses, which need our examination with sensitive questioning and understanding，”DeFrino explained.“In this way, we can find children’s mental health problems and help deal with them in advance.”
【解题导语】 患有抑郁症的青少年通常会通过间接方式表达自己的抑郁倾向，这一点应引起家长和医护人员的重视。
1．How do teens often express their depression according to Paragraph 1?
A．They mention they are depressed directly.
B．They say they are busy and sleepy.
C．They say they don’t know what to look for.
D．They use indirect ways to show it.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的teens rarely stated they were depressed, but they often described their feelings like，“I’m down... stressful mode.”可知，青少年的抑郁症状会通过陈述自己情绪低落和有压力等方式间接表现出来。
2．What does the underlined word “overlook” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Ignore. B．Watch.
C．Forget. D．Remember.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的or link them to regular stress...But sometimes there is so much more under the surface可知，父母们很容易忽视孩子们的那些情绪表达，故选“Ignore”。
3．Most teens who took part in the health study________.
A．never took part in activities
B．felt stressed about homework and success
C．argued with their parents and teachers
D．refused to see doctors
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的In terms of the reasons，most mentioned homework pressure and expectations of success.可知，参与健康调查的青少年大多面临课业和成功的期望带来的压力。
4．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Teen depression.
B．Teen stress.
C．Teens and parents.
D．Teens and care providers.
A 解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段指出有抑郁症的青少年如何表现出来，随后围绕相关研究展开，可知本文主要介绍了青少年抑郁的问题。
语法填空
The act of reading is great, of course.But 1.____________ way you’re reading also has an influence on your physical and mental health.In 2.____________(we) technology-driven world, the paper book has been replaced by electronic devices—Kindles and Nooks, and even your laptops or smartphones.Paper books 3.____________(consider) as inconvenient by some people.
However, there’s something simple and special about reading a classic paper book that e-books seem to lack.Recently, I was reading 4.____________bedtime, and I found that it not only relaxed me, but made me fall asleep almost 5.____________(immediate)．I slept soundly through the entire night, and I6.____________(wake) up feeling refreshed.I found myself7.____________(think) about events and scenes in the book, and the imagery(意象) glowing in my mind was in place of my typically exhausting worries.I believe it wasn’t a coincidence：Putting aside my phone，8.____________focusing on a tale that took me outside of myself, somehow, helped me feel 9.____________(good) than before.
Keep reading and it can help you improve yourself on many 10.____________(level)．
【解题导语】 阅读纸质书籍可以让我们放松心情，让我们拥有更好的睡眠，还可以让我们远离手机。
1．the 解析：考查冠词。此处表特指，特指“阅读的方式”。故填the。
2．our 解析：考查代词。这里是指在“我们的”技术驱动的世界里。
3．are considered 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。此处paper books和consider是动宾关系，要用被动语态；根据语境，一些人认为纸质书籍很不方便，这是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填are considered。
4．before 解析：考查介词。根据语境，这里是指在睡觉之前读书，故填before。
5．immediately 解析：考查副词。这里需用副词修饰动词，故填immediate的副词形式。
6．woke 解析：考查时态。这是一个发生在过去的动作，需用一般过去时。
7．thinking 解析：考查非谓语动词。现在分词作宾语myself的补足语。
8．and 解析：考查连词。根据语境，把手机放在一边，专注于书中情节，这是两个并列的动作，故用连词and。
9．better 解析：考查形容词的比较级。这里是在进行对比，意为放下手机、专注于读书让作者感觉“更好”。
10．levels 解析：考查名词。根据句意，保持读书的习惯，你会发现阅读能够帮助你在许多方面提升你自己。level意为“方面，层面”，故填levels。
短文改错
Confidence is which everyone admires and wants.Your level of confidence influence the quality of the decisions that you make about your life.One of the key step included in raising your level of confidence is to believe in you.You need to believe, accept and be in no doubt that you are a confidence person.Then, take a look around patient for people you admire.Observe the way they deal difficulties, communicate with the others and improve themselves.Learned from them and you will find that your level of confidence is becoming high than before.
答案：
Confidence is everyone admires and wants.Your level of confidence the quality of the decisions that you make about your life.One of the key included in raising your level of confidence is to believe in .You need to believe, accept and be in no doubt that you are a person.Then, take a look around for people you admire.Observe the way they deal difficulties, communicate with others and improve themselves. from them and you will find that your level of confidence is becoming than before.
阅读强化训练(八)
(建议用时：25分钟)
阅读理解
Actually, all the world’s major religions teach that being hard-working in the service of others is our highest nature and thus lies at the center of a happy life.Scientific surveys and studies confirm shared rules of our faiths.Americans who prioritize(优先考虑) doing good for others are almost twice as likely to say they are very happy about their lives.In Germany, people who seek to serve society are five times likelier to say they are very happy than those who do not view service as important.Selflessness and joy are connected.
This helps explain why pain and anger are sweeping through rich countries.The problem is not a lack of material riches.It is a growing number of people who feel they are no longer useful, no longer needed, and no longer one with their societies.
What can we do to help? The first answer is not systematic.It is personal.Everyone has something valuable to share.We should start each day by consciously asking ourselves，“What can I do today to appreciate the gifts that others offer me？” Each of us has the responsibility to make this a habit.
But those in positions of responsibility have a special opportunity to expand inclusion and build societies that truly need everyone.Leaders need to recognize that a compassionate(有同情心的) society must create a wealth of opportunities for meaningful work that everyone can do.They should also realize that a compassionate society must protect the weak while ensuring that these policies do not put people in pain and dependence.
Building such a society is not an easy task.Many are confused and frightened to see anger and depression sweeping like wildfire across societies that enjoy historic safety and prosperity.But people’s refusal to be content with physical and material security actually shows something beautiful：a universal human hunger to be needed.Let us work together to build a society that feeds this hunger.
【解题导语】 快乐的源泉是什么？不是你有多富裕，而在于你是否被这个社会所需要，是否能为社会做贡献。
1．What does Paragraph 1 tell us?
A．Americans are happier than Germans.
B．Germans do more service work than Americans.
C．The more people help others, the happier they feel.
D．The more diligent people are, the better they feel.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段的being hard-working in the service of others is our highest nature and thus lies at the center of a happy life以及下文所举的美国和德国的例子可知，努力服务他人是幸福的中心，即帮助他人越多，人就越幸福。
2．Why do some rich people feel painful?
A．They worry about their safety.
B．They cannot feel their value to society.
C．They have no talents at all.
D．They are not loved by others.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的It is a growing number of people who feel they are no longer useful, no longer needed...可知，一些富人感到痛苦是因为觉得自己不再有用、不再被社会需要，即感觉不到自己对社会的价值。
3．According to Paragraph 4, to build a compassionate society，
________.
A．leaders have an important part to play
B．wealth is the most important thing
C．job opportunities are the basic requirement
D．everyone should learn to be independent
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的But those in positions of responsibility have a special opportunity to...Leaders need to recognize...可知，要创建有同情心的社会，领导们需发挥重要作用。
4．Which of the following does the author agree with?
A．It’s impossible to build a compassionate society.
B．Anger and depression are the biggest problems.
C．People need to be rich to serve the society.
D．People all want to be needed.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的But people’s refusal... shows something beautiful：a universal human hunger to be needed.可推断，人们对人身和物质财富安全的不满意表明人们普遍渴望被需要。
完形填空
Like most successful people, Jerry Weintraub’s back story was inspiring.He worked hard in New York City with two partners，__1__shows performed by second-class actors in small venues(场地)．
Elvis Presley, a__2__ singer, had spent the 1960s largely out of the public eye.For eight years he had no concerts.Jerry had the crazy __3__ to take Elvis on tour.He managed to __4__ the phone number of Colonel Parker, Elvis’ manager.He contacted Parker and __5__what he wanted to do.But Parker just said，“No, thank you！” For the next year, Jerry kept __6__ Parker every day.He believed that__7__Parker would give in.One day Jerry’s phone rang, and it was Parker.“Do you__8__want to take my boy on tour？” he asked.Jerry answered, “Of course！”Then Parker __9__to tell Jerry that if he wanted to do it, he should __10__in Las Vegas with a million dollars.Jerry agreed，__11__ there was one big problem：he didn’t have a million dollars.He called everyone he knew to ask for __12__.Then a friend of his mentioned that he knew a man in Seattle with much money, who happened to be an Elvis’__13__.Jerry visited him and proposed(提出) the idea；the man agreed to __14__ him a million dollars.The money arrived later.Jerry delivered the check to Parker.They__15__ to a 50/50 split(划分) on the tour income.At the conclusion of the wildly __16__ tour, Jerry earned several million dollars.His first success__17__ his confidence and ambition.
Jerry became a millionaire and the most successful manager in __18__ business.His story tells us that for success we should have a big vision for our business and life, ask for help when we __19__it and work hard regardless of the __20__in the way.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了娱乐业的传奇人物Jerry Weintraub成功挖到人生第一桶金的故事。他的成功经验告诉我们，成功离不开坚韧不拔的意志。
1．A.organizing B．watching
C．discussing D．joining
A 解析：根据He worked hard in New York City with two partners和下文他安排巡演的语境可知，他负责组织二流演员在小场地进行表演。故选“organizing”。
2．A.strange B．free
C．common D．famous
D 解析：根据语境和下文巡演很成功的信息可知，猫王Elvis Presley是当时有名的(famous)歌手。
3．A.theory B．idea
C．theme D．method
B 解析：由前后文内容可知Elvis Presley有八年没有开演唱会了，Jerry有一个大胆的想法(idea)，那就是让Elvis搞巡回演出。
4．A.win B．sell
C．get D．earn
C 解析：根据前后文可知Jerry有了想法后开始行动，他弄到(get)了Elvis的经纪人的电话号码。
5．A.warned B．began
C．gave D．explained
D 解析：根据语境可知，Jerry联系Parker并向他解释了自己想做的事，故选“explained”。
6．A.visiting B．calling
C．watching D．noticing
B 解析：虽然遭到Parker的断然拒绝，Jerry还是坚持每天给Parker打电话。故选“calling”。
7．A.fairly B．partly
C．finally D．quickly
C 解析：Jerry之所以坚持不懈打电话，是因为他相信Parker最终(finally)会改变想法。
8．A.still B．even
C．also D．only
A 解析：根据One day Jerry’s phone rang, and it was Parker.和他的问话可知，Parker终于改变了想法，问Jerry是否仍然(still)想让Elvis搞巡回演出。
9．A.preferred B．liked
C．expected D．continued
D 解析：根据前后文内容可知，得知Jerry的态度Parker继续提出了详细条件，continue to do sth.意为“继续干某事”，故选“continued”。
10．A.set about B．make out
C．show up D．come down
C 解析：根据语境可知，Parker要求Jerry拿着100万美元来到拉斯维加斯。show up意为“露面，出现”，符合语境。
11．A.and B．but
C．as D．or
B 解析：Jerry同意了Parker提出的条件，但是(but)大问题来了：他拿不出100万美元。
12．A.help B．voice
C．luck D．word
A 解析：因为需要100万美元，Jerry给他认识的每一个人打电话以寻求帮助(help)。
13．A.friend B．neighbor
C．assistant D．fan
D 解析：前文提到Elvis是著名歌手，可推测Jerry的朋友提到的在西雅图的有钱人正好是Elvis的歌迷(fan)，有可能帮助他。
14．A.post B．leave
C．lend D．pay
C 解析：联系前后文语境可知，那个人在得知详情后愿意借给(lend)Jerry 100万美元。
15．A.got B．agreed
C．turned D．led
B 解析：Jerry提供了100万美元后，与Parker达成一致，同意就巡回演出的利润五五分成，故选“agreed”。
16．A.successful B．funny
C．positive D．crazy
A 解析：根据后文Jerry赚了几百万美元可知，那次Elvis的巡回演出获得了空前的成功。故选“successful”。
17．A.achieved B．increased
C．finished D．changed
B 解析：根据语境可知，Jerry的第一次成功增加了(increased)他的自信和雄心壮志。
18．A.culture B．economy
C．lecture D．show
D 解析：由第一段可知Jerry的工作是组织演员演出，可以推断他成了演艺业里最成功的经纪人。故选“show”。
19．A.need B．work
C．lose D．miss
A 解析：Jerry的故事告诉我们，获得成功除了需要具备远见卓识，在你需要(need)帮助的时候也要寻求帮助。
20．A.decisions B．chances
C．difficulties D．directions
C 解析：想要获得成功还要不畏困难地付出努力，故选“difficulties”。
阅读强化训练(九)
(建议用时：15分钟)
阅读理解
London Bus Tour
The Big Bus Company offers open-top sightseeing tours with live guides, or with a digitally-recorded commentary in eight languages.Tickets are available for 24 hours.Admission prices are listed as follows, adults：￡25；children：￡10；family：￡55(2 adults＋up to 3 children)．The Big Bus Company has won Visit London sightseeing tour of the year three times.Central departure points include Marble Arch, Green Park，Victoria Station, Baker Street and Trafalgar Square.
London walking tours
One of London’s most established walking tour companies offers over 40 walks including many classics, including Along the Thames Pub Walk, Historic City, Hidden London, Historic Westminster, Little Venice, Ghost walks, Shakespeare and Dickens walks, Caters for clubs, schools and other group outings.This content has been supplied by London Walks.Opening Times Walks take place every day.
London running tours
Want to explore London and get fit at the same time? Try one of these London running tours and see the sights of London on the run! Whether you’re new to running or an experienced marathon runner, City Running Tours has a tour for you.Runner guides lead daily tours past sights such as London Eye, Big Ben，the Houses of Parliament and Buckingham Palace.On a London Sightseeing running tour, you’ll get training tips from a qualified fitness trainer, as well as a guided tour of London.
London river tours
For a unique view of London, take a river boat along the river Thames and see some of London’s best-known attractions from the water.Beginning at Westminster Pier, the tours take you past the Houses of Parliament, London Eye, Shakespeare’s Globe, Tower of London and Tower Bridge on the way to Greenwich.Take one of City Cruises’ regular sightseeing tours and you’ll also hear colorful local stories about London as you travel along the river Thames.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了在伦敦旅游的四种方式及其优点。
1．How much is the admission for a family of two grown?ups and two children?
A．￡70. B．￡45.
C．￡60. D．￡55.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据原文London Bus Tour的介绍Admission prices are listed as follows，adults：￡25；children：￡10；family：￡55(2 adults＋up to 3 children)．可知，他们使用家庭票最合算即￡55(2 adults＋up to 3 children)。
2.Which way can we choose if we not only tour London but also build up our body?
A．London Bus Tour.
B．London walking tours.
C．London running tours.
D．London river tours.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据原文London running tours的介绍Want to explore London and get fit at the same time？Try one of these London running tours and see the sights of London on the run！可知答案为C。
3．What is special about London running tours?
A．Some advice about the tours is told in advance and it also has a live guide.
B．Opening times of London running tours can take place for 24 hours every day.
C．People can see some of London’s best?known attractions from the water.
D．People can tour some London’s places of interest by live guides with eight languages.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据London running tours的描述On a London Sightseeing running tour，you’ll get training tips from a qualified fitness trainer，as well as a guided tour of London.可知这种方式的旅游可以提供培训的建议并且有导游。
4．What is London Walks according to the passage?
A．It is a kind of transportation.
B．It is a company which offers the tours.
C．It is an organization which offers training.
D．It is a class which offers suggestions of tours.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据London walking tours的描述One of London’s most established walking tour companies offers over 40 walks including many classics...以及This content has been supplied by London Walks.可推知London Walks是一个提供旅游服务的公司。
七选五
One of the most important skills you can learn and develop is how to deal successfully with conflicts.Successful people seem to have a natural understanding of what causes conflicts and how to solve them quickly.1.________ Use the following tips, which could help you to become one of those great “conflict resolution experts”．
Ask questions.Conflicts can happen due to poor communication.2.________Before you allow a situation to become too worse to deal with, ask questions.It won’t cause any loss of face, and may result in a quick decision.
3．________Often, conflicts develop as a result of unmet expectations on one side.If the other party expected something they didn’t get, the whole conversation could become negative and closed.If a conversation seems to be getting rocky, take a step back and review together with the other person to try to uncover what just occurred.
Recognize different opinions.Keep in mind that conflict may arise due to people having different opinions.4.________ This happens most frequently when one is dealing with someone from another organization, background, or culture.It’s easy to believe that we all see things in the same way and then get derailed(偏离) unexpectedly.
Stay calm.5.________Whether you’re in a business or personal situation, you can take control of it by keeping cool.And when you’re maintaining your calm, it will be easier for others involved to get back to the task at hand.
A．Identify mistakes.
B．Analyze expectations.
C．For others, however, it’s much harder.
D．Someone didn’t say what they meant to say.
E．You and the other person see things differently.
F．Honest and unintended mistakes frequently result in conflicts.
G．Cooler heads are very helpful in even the most difficult conflicts.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了处理冲突的几个方法。
1．C 解析：根据语境，空白处填的句子应该与前一句的Successful people形成对比。
2．D 解析：根据语境，本句应该是对前一句的poor communication做进一步解释。
3．B 解析：根据本段中的关键词expectations以及段落大意，可知空白处的主旨句应该是教我们要学会去分析别人的期望。
4．E 解析：根据语境，空白处的句子起到承上启下的作用。既是对上一句的different opinions进行解释，也点明了下一句的This的内容。由此可知答案。
5．G 解析：空白处对主旨句Stay calm.做了进一步诠释。
阅读强化训练(十)
(建议用时：25分钟)
阅读理解
It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.Every experience teaches the child something and the effects are cumulative(累积的)．“Upbringing” is normally used to refer to the treatment and training of the child within the home.This is closely related to the treatment and training of the child in school, which is usually described by the term“education”．
In a society such as ours, both parents and teachers are responsible for the opportunities provided for the development of the child, so that upbringing and education are dependent on each other.The ideas and practices of child raising vary from culture to culture.In general, the more rural the community (社区) is, the more uniform are the customs of child upbringing.In more technologically developed societies, the period of childhood and adolescence tends to last over a long time, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development.
Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents’abilities and their aims and depends not only on upbringing and education but also on the innate (先天的) abilities of the child.Wide differences of innate intelligence and character exist even in children of the same family.Intelligent parents, however, realize that the particular setting of each family is unique, and there can be no strict general rules.All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline(纪律)．The younger the child is, the more readily the mother gives in to his demands to avoid disappointing him.She knows that if his energies are not put to good use, her child may begin to develop in an unhealthy way.A child must be allowed to enjoy this “messy” stage of discovery before he is ready to go on to the less physical pleasures of toys and books.Similarly, throughout life, each stage depends on the satisfactory completion of the one before.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，说明了儿童的性格发展受很多因素影响。
1．According to Paragraph 1, a child’s early experiences ________．
A．decide his future education
B．influence his later character
C．can reflect his innate intelligence
D．have bad effects on his upbringing
